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Yesterday, I received
another crazy letter,
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00:02:08,254 --> 00:02:10,381
unsigned and without a sender,
3
00:02:10,506 --> 00:02:12,842
postmarked San Francisco.
4
00:02:12,925 --> 00:02:16,804
"Escher,
you're an utter madman.
5
00:02:16,887 --> 00:02:20,141
Yes, utterly, beautifully mad.
6
00:02:20,224 --> 00:02:23,352
I thank the source
of your madness.
7
00:02:23,435 --> 00:02:25,563
A math teacher."
8
00:02:25,646 --> 00:02:27,857
How on Earth?
9
00:02:35,948 --> 00:02:42,663
I feel uncertain
when the sky is dark.
10
00:02:42,746 --> 00:02:45,207
The hippies in San Francisco
11
00:02:45,291 --> 00:02:48,794
continue to print my work
clandestinely.
12
00:02:48,878 --> 00:02:52,464
I managed to get hold of
a couple of horrendous results
13
00:02:52,548 --> 00:02:55,009
through the mediation
of a friendly customer
14
00:02:55,092 --> 00:02:57,052
who lives in that area.
15
00:02:57,136 --> 00:02:59,680
I cannot understand why
16
00:02:59,763 --> 00:03:02,308
the out-of-control
youths of today
17
00:03:02,433 --> 00:03:05,060
appreciate my work so much,
18
00:03:05,144 --> 00:03:08,397
but it does get tiring
after a while.
19
00:03:10,274 --> 00:03:13,777
I receive placemats
with my work printed on them.
20
00:03:15,613 --> 00:03:18,574
They just go ahead and do it
without asking me
21
00:03:18,699 --> 00:03:21,202
or being ashamed of it.
22
00:03:26,916 --> 00:03:28,918
My first exposure to Escher
23
00:03:29,001 --> 00:03:34,632
was in either late '66
or early 1967.
24
00:03:34,715 --> 00:03:36,675
I was at my apartment
in London,
25
00:03:36,759 --> 00:03:40,304
and there was a knock
at the door.
26
00:03:40,387 --> 00:03:41,889
And a friend of mine,
Eric Burdon,
27
00:03:41,972 --> 00:03:45,017
who is a lead singer
for The Animals,
28
00:03:45,100 --> 00:03:47,019
a very popular group,
29
00:03:47,102 --> 00:03:50,606
was on my doorstep
with a book in his hand,
30
00:03:50,689 --> 00:03:52,316
and the book he had brought
31
00:03:52,399 --> 00:03:54,777
was one of the early
Escher books,
32
00:03:54,860 --> 00:03:58,447
and I must tell you that, uh...
33
00:03:58,530 --> 00:04:01,533
I think it literally
changed my life.
34
00:04:01,617 --> 00:04:06,163
So I called him, and I said,
"Good morning, Mr. Escher.
35
00:04:06,247 --> 00:04:08,123
I don't want to disturb you.
36
00:04:08,207 --> 00:04:09,667
I'm an Englishman.
37
00:04:09,750 --> 00:04:11,418
I just wanted to let you know
38
00:04:11,502 --> 00:04:13,963
what a brilliant artist
I think you are."
39
00:04:14,046 --> 00:04:15,839
And that's all I wanted to say.
40
00:04:15,923 --> 00:04:19,343
But then he said,
"I'm not an artist."
41
00:04:21,387 --> 00:04:23,514
And it was shocking to me
42
00:04:23,597 --> 00:04:27,268
to hear Escher tell me
that he wasn't an artist,
43
00:04:27,351 --> 00:04:29,353
because of course,
I think he is.
44
00:04:29,436 --> 00:04:32,439
So I said, "Okay,
if you're not an artist,
45
00:04:32,523 --> 00:04:33,691
what are you?"
46
00:04:33,774 --> 00:04:37,403
He said, "I'm a mathematician."
47
00:04:37,486 --> 00:04:40,823
I thought, "Wow,
he doesn't really know
48
00:04:40,906 --> 00:04:48,038
or understand how popular
and why his work is so popular
49
00:04:48,122 --> 00:04:50,541
amongst all
the younger generations.
50
00:05:11,186 --> 00:05:14,565
Yesterday, I received a visit
from English artists.
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00:05:14,648 --> 00:05:18,569
He was dressed up like a clown
in blue and red all over.
52
00:05:18,652 --> 00:05:21,196
She had full circles
around her eyes.
53
00:05:21,280 --> 00:05:24,450
It's all very nice,
these little love-ins.
54
00:05:24,533 --> 00:05:26,493
They came to offer me flowers.
55
00:05:26,577 --> 00:05:28,454
I don't understand it.
56
00:05:28,537 --> 00:05:30,914
They appreciate my work
while I don't care one bit
57
00:05:30,998 --> 00:05:33,250
for what they're making
these days.
58
00:05:33,334 --> 00:05:35,377
You make op art.
59
00:05:35,461 --> 00:05:38,088
I don't even know what it is,
"op art."
60
00:05:38,213 --> 00:05:41,091
I've been making this work
for years.
61
00:05:41,175 --> 00:05:44,345
I keep wandering around
in riddles.
62
00:06:20,255 --> 00:06:26,095
On June the 17th, 1898,
I was born here in Leeuwarden
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00:06:26,178 --> 00:06:28,597
in this stately home.
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00:06:31,266 --> 00:06:33,310
The Princessehof.
65
00:06:40,234 --> 00:06:43,153
I come from
an exact sciences family,
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00:06:43,237 --> 00:06:45,072
and I have the privilege
of having parents
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00:06:45,155 --> 00:06:49,076
who are not only educated,
but wealthy as well.
68
00:06:52,454 --> 00:06:54,623
I am a vulnerable boy,
69
00:06:54,706 --> 00:06:56,667
and the pediatrician
prescribes me
70
00:06:56,750 --> 00:06:59,253
a fairly long stay
at the seaside,
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00:06:59,336 --> 00:07:04,133
at the Children's Pension
Villa Groot Kijkduin.
72
00:07:04,216 --> 00:07:07,970
I also attend school there.
73
00:07:08,053 --> 00:07:11,515
The only bright spots
are the drawing lessons,
74
00:07:11,598 --> 00:07:13,350
not because I'm good at it,
75
00:07:13,434 --> 00:07:14,935
but because it's
my only comfort
76
00:07:15,018 --> 00:07:18,230
during this awful time.
77
00:07:18,313 --> 00:07:22,443
The fear of not being able
to keep up is the problem.
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00:07:33,871 --> 00:07:38,750
Come around
tomorrow afternoon...
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00:07:38,834 --> 00:07:40,502
After secondary school,
80
00:07:40,586 --> 00:07:43,130
I attend the Haarlem School
of Architecture
81
00:07:43,213 --> 00:07:45,215
and Decorative Arts.
82
00:07:53,223 --> 00:07:57,853
My graphics arts teacher
is Jessurun de Mesquita.
83
00:07:57,936 --> 00:08:00,105
I owe a lot to him.
84
00:08:00,189 --> 00:08:02,441
He saw potential
in my woodcuts,
85
00:08:02,524 --> 00:08:04,234
and after only three days,
86
00:08:04,318 --> 00:08:08,489
he forced a switch
to continue in that direction.
87
00:08:08,572 --> 00:08:10,157
Had he not spoken
with my parents,
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00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:12,993
I would've continued
in architecture,
89
00:08:13,076 --> 00:08:14,828
and I have never
had an interest
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00:08:14,912 --> 00:08:17,122
in building houses.
91
00:08:31,303 --> 00:08:34,264
I can work like a dog one day
92
00:08:34,389 --> 00:08:37,017
and hardly do a thing the next.
93
00:08:37,100 --> 00:08:39,853
On those days, I stride
up and down the room
94
00:08:39,937 --> 00:08:42,564
like a madman,
when I'm being consumed
95
00:08:42,648 --> 00:08:46,652
by the desire to give shape
to a grand idea
96
00:08:46,735 --> 00:08:49,154
without the ability to do so.
97
00:08:57,871 --> 00:09:01,875
For instance, I'm working
on a drawing of trees.
98
00:09:01,959 --> 00:09:04,044
The result
strongly conveys the idea
99
00:09:04,127 --> 00:09:07,714
of a procession,
a stately row of trees
100
00:09:07,798 --> 00:09:11,176
walking hither from far away
across the hills
101
00:09:11,260 --> 00:09:14,054
and which, after climbing
the last hill,
102
00:09:14,137 --> 00:09:18,892
suddenly stands before us
gigantic and threatening.
103
00:09:18,976 --> 00:09:22,646
Beautiful idea,
and it's there in the drawing,
104
00:09:22,729 --> 00:09:26,942
but not nearly as strong
as I feel it.
105
00:09:27,025 --> 00:09:28,360
I take comfort in the thought
106
00:09:28,443 --> 00:09:30,237
that a man will
probably never be able
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00:09:30,362 --> 00:09:31,780
to visualize an idea
108
00:09:31,863 --> 00:09:34,992
as strongly as he feels it
himself.
109
00:10:10,193 --> 00:10:15,324
I like to draw here
in the St. Bavo in Haarlem.
110
00:10:15,407 --> 00:10:17,826
Being able to bathe
in the organ's
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00:10:17,909 --> 00:10:20,329
thundering abundance of sounds
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00:10:20,412 --> 00:10:23,624
gives me
an overwhelming emotion.
113
00:10:28,253 --> 00:10:32,049
The stormy wind rushed
through the pipes of the organ
114
00:10:32,132 --> 00:10:36,720
and a thunderous voice
proclaimed the glory of God.
115
00:10:36,803 --> 00:10:38,972
Then a young man
laid down on his back
116
00:10:39,056 --> 00:10:41,475
on the big, cold stones.
117
00:10:45,103 --> 00:10:48,065
The thundering wind rushed
through the pipes of the organ
118
00:10:48,148 --> 00:10:49,941
until the pillars of the church
119
00:10:50,025 --> 00:10:53,070
could not bear the sound
any more than he could.
120
00:11:19,638 --> 00:11:21,973
The organ grew a lot bigger,
121
00:11:22,057 --> 00:11:25,602
its pipes stretching
from the heavens to the Earth,
122
00:11:25,686 --> 00:11:28,188
and the young man felt
such a strong wind
123
00:11:28,271 --> 00:11:34,027
that he rose from the stones
and flew into the air.
124
00:11:55,132 --> 00:11:59,636
And then I am admitted
to hospital for observation.
125
00:12:02,764 --> 00:12:06,435
My gastroenterologist
deems my situation hopeless
126
00:12:06,518 --> 00:12:09,312
and expects my complete
and utter demise
127
00:12:09,396 --> 00:12:13,650
within a day or three,
followed by a solemn funeral.
128
00:12:16,653 --> 00:12:19,448
Oh, maybe that's putting it
a bit too harsh.
129
00:12:19,531 --> 00:12:21,950
I have to regain my strength,
130
00:12:22,033 --> 00:12:24,578
set out on my journey.
131
00:12:48,518 --> 00:12:52,105
Without clouds,
the sky is blue.
132
00:12:52,189 --> 00:12:54,524
That's something I've known
for a long time.
133
00:12:54,608 --> 00:12:58,153
But the first time I saw
the light blue of the sky
134
00:12:58,236 --> 00:13:00,447
above the hills of Tuscany,
135
00:13:00,530 --> 00:13:03,658
it was framed
by dark cypresses.
136
00:13:06,036 --> 00:13:10,957
The blueness of the sky
is incomprehensible to me,
137
00:13:11,041 --> 00:13:15,128
as blue as--yes, as what?
138
00:13:15,212 --> 00:13:17,798
Bluer than
the Mediterranean Sea,
139
00:13:17,881 --> 00:13:20,967
bluer than the blue
of the Dutch flag.
140
00:13:21,051 --> 00:13:25,972
Bluer than snow is white
and pitch is black.
141
00:13:29,017 --> 00:13:31,728
I cannot describe
the curious feeling
142
00:13:31,812 --> 00:13:34,397
this lovely beauty gives me.
143
00:13:34,481 --> 00:13:37,317
My poor eyes are staring
and my poor brain
144
00:13:37,400 --> 00:13:43,448
is trying to comprehend
the incomprehensible.
145
00:13:43,532 --> 00:13:46,535
Rarely, if ever,
have I felt more calm,
146
00:13:46,618 --> 00:13:50,038
pleasant, and comfortable
than lately.
147
00:13:52,207 --> 00:13:57,379
Many wondrous prints spring
from my industrious hands.
148
00:13:57,462 --> 00:13:59,214
I leave it to posterity
to judge
149
00:13:59,297 --> 00:14:02,259
whether these contain beauty.
150
00:14:28,159 --> 00:14:30,579
I set woodcutting aside
for a while
151
00:14:30,662 --> 00:14:33,290
to improve my drawing skills.
152
00:14:33,373 --> 00:14:34,916
I want to learn to look
153
00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:38,128
and see better
whilst I am drawing.
154
00:14:38,211 --> 00:14:41,006
I want to enjoy
the tiniest details
155
00:14:41,089 --> 00:14:43,008
such as
a one-inch diameter plant
156
00:14:43,091 --> 00:14:45,802
on a piece of rock.
157
00:14:45,886 --> 00:14:50,223
I want to try to draw these
as accurately as possible.
158
00:14:53,685 --> 00:14:56,354
With your nose
right on top of it,
159
00:14:56,438 --> 00:15:00,692
you see all of its beauty
and all of its simplicity.
160
00:15:00,775 --> 00:15:04,154
But when you start drawing,
only then do you realize
161
00:15:04,237 --> 00:15:06,948
how terribly complicated
and shapeless
162
00:15:07,032 --> 00:15:09,159
that beauty really is.
163
00:15:09,242 --> 00:15:12,621
It is so terribly difficult.
164
00:15:12,704 --> 00:15:16,166
A small piece of rock,
it's beautiful,
165
00:15:16,249 --> 00:15:18,960
but there's nothing
to hold on to.
166
00:15:19,044 --> 00:15:21,379
There is no form
that can be captured,
167
00:15:21,463 --> 00:15:23,757
it simply goes on
in all directions,
168
00:15:23,840 --> 00:15:25,550
and you don't know
where to begin
169
00:15:25,634 --> 00:15:27,427
and where to end.
170
00:15:27,510 --> 00:15:30,430
So nothing comes of it,
of course.
171
00:15:30,513 --> 00:15:32,057
And I won't even start
172
00:15:32,140 --> 00:15:35,185
with all the beautiful
little flowers.
173
00:15:35,268 --> 00:15:37,687
Color is indispensable
for that,
174
00:15:37,771 --> 00:15:40,857
and I don't want to color.
175
00:16:26,569 --> 00:16:29,572
In the spring of 1923,
176
00:16:29,656 --> 00:16:32,993
I stay in Ravello,
which is situated on a hill
177
00:16:33,076 --> 00:16:35,829
surrounded by the foaming
and rippling waves
178
00:16:35,912 --> 00:16:40,125
of the azure Old World sea.
179
00:16:40,208 --> 00:16:42,502
There, on a blissful afternoon
180
00:16:42,585 --> 00:16:44,587
in the little hotel
where I've settled in,
181
00:16:44,671 --> 00:16:49,050
three new guests join me
at my table:
182
00:16:49,134 --> 00:16:52,470
a gentleman, his wife,
and his daughter,
183
00:16:52,554 --> 00:16:55,974
Jetta Umiker, 24 years old.
184
00:16:57,851 --> 00:17:00,687
They've been expelled
from Russia by the Bolsheviks,
185
00:17:00,770 --> 00:17:04,357
leaving behind
all their possessions.
186
00:17:04,441 --> 00:17:06,985
Russia has left its mark on her
187
00:17:07,068 --> 00:17:09,154
as much mentally
as physically,
188
00:17:09,237 --> 00:17:11,156
because she has suffered
from hunger
189
00:17:11,239 --> 00:17:15,285
and seen too many people
being murdered.
190
00:17:15,368 --> 00:17:17,912
She exerts an influence on me
191
00:17:17,996 --> 00:17:20,331
similar to that
of an electromagnet
192
00:17:20,415 --> 00:17:25,378
on a scrappy piece
of cast iron.
193
00:17:25,462 --> 00:17:28,006
Although I decided
to keep my feelings hidden,
194
00:17:28,089 --> 00:17:31,551
her influence
finally becomes so powerful
195
00:17:31,634 --> 00:17:33,845
that on the last day
before her departure,
196
00:17:33,928 --> 00:17:35,930
the piece of cast iron loses
197
00:17:36,014 --> 00:17:38,892
its last remaining
mental capabilities
198
00:17:38,975 --> 00:17:44,230
and slams into the magnet
with a dull thud.
199
00:17:44,314 --> 00:17:46,357
While we are out
on a walk together,
200
00:17:46,441 --> 00:17:49,194
I open up my heart to her.
201
00:18:04,584 --> 00:18:08,379
The prettiest
and softest things you possess
202
00:18:08,463 --> 00:18:11,883
besides your heart
are your hands.
203
00:18:11,966 --> 00:18:13,635
They touch me.
204
00:18:13,760 --> 00:18:17,347
Your long fingers,
like those of a thief,
205
00:18:17,430 --> 00:18:19,974
have stolen my heart.
206
00:18:20,058 --> 00:18:22,477
Why have they chosen it?
207
00:18:31,277 --> 00:18:33,863
Yesterday afternoon,
I escorted Jetta
208
00:18:33,947 --> 00:18:35,865
and her parents
to the train station
209
00:18:35,949 --> 00:18:38,368
where she left for Switzerland.
210
00:18:38,451 --> 00:18:42,997
I feel left behind here,
miserable, and lonely.
211
00:18:51,464 --> 00:18:53,216
I can be alone the whole day,
212
00:18:53,299 --> 00:18:55,176
because when I'm cutting wood,
213
00:18:55,260 --> 00:19:01,182
it sets my light,
fantastical thoughts in motion.
214
00:19:01,266 --> 00:19:02,934
But in the evening,
215
00:19:03,017 --> 00:19:06,563
when my great longing for Jetta
overwhelms me,
216
00:19:06,646 --> 00:19:09,774
the loneliness
becomes unbearable.
217
00:19:20,535 --> 00:19:23,079
Then I walked
through the narrow streets
218
00:19:23,163 --> 00:19:25,290
and think of
the ever so sad life
219
00:19:25,373 --> 00:19:27,750
she is leading,
220
00:19:27,834 --> 00:19:29,252
and of the possibility
221
00:19:29,335 --> 00:19:32,922
that I might make
that life happier.
222
00:21:17,151 --> 00:21:20,363
I like to sketch
in the evening in Rome,
223
00:21:20,446 --> 00:21:23,408
the wondrous, beautiful,
nocturnal Rome
224
00:21:23,491 --> 00:21:26,703
that I love so much more
than the same architecture
225
00:21:26,786 --> 00:21:28,621
during the day.
226
00:21:41,592 --> 00:21:44,762
All the excessive
Baroque thrills
227
00:21:44,846 --> 00:21:48,057
that Rome is filled with
fade at night.
228
00:21:57,025 --> 00:21:59,485
Moreover, the modern,
indirect lighting
229
00:21:59,569 --> 00:22:01,321
with large floodlights
230
00:22:01,404 --> 00:22:04,115
helps to increase
the fantastic effect.
231
00:22:05,533 --> 00:22:08,036
So I draw every evening
232
00:22:08,119 --> 00:22:11,581
and finish the sketch on wood
the next day.
233
00:22:25,470 --> 00:22:27,847
I know no greater joy
234
00:22:27,930 --> 00:22:31,017
than to wander through valleys
and over hills
235
00:22:31,100 --> 00:22:32,852
from village to village
236
00:22:32,935 --> 00:22:37,106
to feel the artlessness
of nature affect me
237
00:22:37,190 --> 00:22:40,193
and enjoy the unexpected
and never thought of
238
00:22:40,276 --> 00:22:42,695
in the greatest
possible contrast
239
00:22:42,779 --> 00:22:45,698
with everyday life at home.
240
00:22:54,457 --> 00:22:58,294
On my journeys,
everything seems real,
241
00:22:58,378 --> 00:23:00,713
but when you remember it later,
242
00:23:00,797 --> 00:23:03,591
you realize that
it was like a dream.
243
00:23:08,888 --> 00:23:12,433
When I remember a scent,
a feeling, or a sound,
244
00:23:12,517 --> 00:23:16,562
the emotion sometimes
becomes too strong for me.
245
00:24:44,108 --> 00:24:45,985
And then there is
the delightful fact
246
00:24:46,068 --> 00:24:48,404
of knowingly abstaining
247
00:24:48,488 --> 00:24:51,324
from the comfort
we are used to at home.
248
00:24:51,407 --> 00:24:56,245
Unpleasant things, such as
a bed not free of vermin,
249
00:24:56,329 --> 00:24:58,664
or food of lesser quality,
250
00:24:58,748 --> 00:25:03,127
even become
part of the enjoyment.
251
00:25:03,211 --> 00:25:05,379
I often think of
undertaking such journeys
252
00:25:05,463 --> 00:25:07,715
in the company
of my sons one day.
253
00:25:07,798 --> 00:25:12,845
For children, it must be
the greatest joy imaginable.
254
00:26:56,949 --> 00:26:59,869
That winter, we were
in the Swiss mountains
255
00:26:59,952 --> 00:27:05,416
in that horrendous white,
snowy misery I cannot stand.
256
00:27:05,499 --> 00:27:09,462
I hate that white shroud
covering the earth.
257
00:27:14,634 --> 00:27:17,470
One night,
when we'd just gone to bed,
258
00:27:17,595 --> 00:27:19,764
the sound Jetta's hair made
259
00:27:19,847 --> 00:27:21,891
as she was plaiting it
in the dark
260
00:27:21,974 --> 00:27:24,602
reminded me of
the sound of a boat
261
00:27:24,727 --> 00:27:27,730
when it breasts a quiet sea.
262
00:27:30,566 --> 00:27:35,071
A great longing for the sea
took control of me.
263
00:27:42,912 --> 00:27:46,290
Suddenly, I came up
with the idea to write a letter
264
00:27:46,374 --> 00:27:48,876
to an Italian
merchant shipping company
265
00:27:48,959 --> 00:27:51,212
that operated a service
around Italy
266
00:27:51,295 --> 00:27:53,464
to Valencia in Spain.
267
00:27:55,299 --> 00:27:57,718
I proposed
that Jetta and myself
268
00:27:57,802 --> 00:28:01,555
would come along
as passengers for free.
269
00:28:01,639 --> 00:28:05,142
In return, I would make
12 prints for them
270
00:28:05,226 --> 00:28:07,561
based on sketches made
during the journey
271
00:28:07,645 --> 00:28:11,524
in order to advertise
their tourist transport.
272
00:28:16,862 --> 00:28:19,990
To my astonishment,
after a few days,
273
00:28:20,074 --> 00:28:22,702
I received
a letter of approval.
274
00:28:31,961 --> 00:28:36,048
I drew like a maniac,
was perfectly pampered.
275
00:28:36,132 --> 00:28:39,802
One liter of wine a day
and lived the life of a prince
276
00:28:39,885 --> 00:28:42,096
on this floating house
that brought me
277
00:28:42,179 --> 00:28:46,475
to a new port every day
without any lugging.
278
00:28:46,559 --> 00:28:48,894
It was delightful.
279
00:29:06,245 --> 00:29:09,832
In Valencia, we disembarked
for a three-week journey
280
00:29:09,915 --> 00:29:13,919
across Southern Spain
at our own expense.
281
00:29:55,377 --> 00:29:58,798
In Granada, we visited
the Alhambra.
282
00:29:58,881 --> 00:30:02,593
In this wonderful
aristocratic work of art,
283
00:30:02,676 --> 00:30:06,931
we spent three days
copying passionately.
284
00:30:07,014 --> 00:30:09,099
The palaces were full
of visitors
285
00:30:09,183 --> 00:30:11,185
who formed
a large audience around us
286
00:30:11,268 --> 00:30:13,229
while we were drawing.
287
00:31:02,653 --> 00:31:06,574
What fascinates me
in the tiles of the Alhambra
288
00:31:06,699 --> 00:31:10,244
is the discovery of a motif
that repeats itself
289
00:31:10,327 --> 00:31:13,289
according to a certain system.
290
00:31:33,183 --> 00:31:37,021
In Haarlem, I already enjoyed
giving meaning
291
00:31:37,104 --> 00:31:40,649
to the entire surface
of a piece of paper,
292
00:31:40,733 --> 00:31:42,693
by this I mean to say
that I don't want to draw
293
00:31:42,776 --> 00:31:45,738
the head of a person
against the background
294
00:31:45,821 --> 00:31:47,489
of a room, for example.
295
00:31:47,573 --> 00:31:51,952
No, besides the head,
the background should have
296
00:31:52,036 --> 00:31:54,371
as much meaning
as the head itself,
297
00:31:54,496 --> 00:31:57,207
thus becoming another head!
298
00:32:05,424 --> 00:32:08,344
It was a first attempt
to systematize,
299
00:32:08,427 --> 00:32:10,888
although at the time,
I didn't really understand
300
00:32:10,971 --> 00:32:12,306
what I was doing.
301
00:32:14,391 --> 00:32:18,687
I was disheartened,
so I abandoned this puzzle.
302
00:32:18,771 --> 00:32:20,397
I was completely inexperienced
303
00:32:20,481 --> 00:32:22,524
and no one on Earth
could help me.
304
00:32:35,412 --> 00:32:38,958
The wall and floor mosaics
at the Alhambra
305
00:32:39,041 --> 00:32:41,251
stem from the same thought,
306
00:32:41,377 --> 00:32:45,673
albeit the Moors only use
geometric figures.
307
00:33:15,869 --> 00:33:18,122
What a pity
the Moors didn't use figures
308
00:33:18,205 --> 00:33:20,874
derived from nature,
such as building blocks,
309
00:33:20,958 --> 00:33:24,586
fish, birds,
reptiles, or humans.
310
00:33:24,670 --> 00:33:28,799
Recognizability is
so important to me
311
00:33:28,882 --> 00:33:31,385
that I've never been able
to do without it.
312
00:35:18,951 --> 00:35:20,911
I had left Italy.
313
00:35:20,994 --> 00:35:24,331
I lost the Italian landscape
and architecture,
314
00:35:24,414 --> 00:35:27,543
and something else
had to take its place.
315
00:35:27,626 --> 00:35:31,964
This stimulated the formation
of inner images.
316
00:35:32,047 --> 00:35:34,883
I started working with passion
when I discovered
317
00:35:34,967 --> 00:35:38,595
that I had things of my own
that had to come out,
318
00:35:38,679 --> 00:35:42,724
that I could express something
others don't have.
319
00:35:46,603 --> 00:35:52,693
I am 40, the age at which
most people are at their best.
320
00:35:52,818 --> 00:35:56,989
For me, this is
the richest of times.
321
00:36:43,869 --> 00:36:46,246
I showed my brother,
a geologist,
322
00:36:46,330 --> 00:36:48,832
some tessellation motifs.
323
00:36:51,084 --> 00:36:52,753
He was interested in my motifs
324
00:36:52,878 --> 00:36:55,172
from a more scientific
point of view
325
00:36:55,255 --> 00:36:58,008
and told me that
I was unknowingly applying
326
00:36:58,091 --> 00:37:01,803
a kind of two-dimensional
crystallography.
327
00:37:13,023 --> 00:37:15,067
He advised me
to read up on it,
328
00:37:15,150 --> 00:37:17,778
but most of the articles
were far too difficult,
329
00:37:17,861 --> 00:37:20,656
dry, and theoretical for me.
330
00:37:20,739 --> 00:37:23,283
Still, my understanding
became clearer,
331
00:37:23,408 --> 00:37:25,786
and I began to see
the possibilities offered
332
00:37:25,869 --> 00:37:29,873
by the regular division
of the plane.
333
00:37:29,957 --> 00:37:33,001
For the first time,
I dared to create compositions
334
00:37:33,085 --> 00:37:36,880
based on the problem
of expressing endlessness
335
00:37:36,964 --> 00:37:39,591
within a limited plane.
336
00:37:47,516 --> 00:37:50,852
An endless series
of three-dimensional men
337
00:37:50,978 --> 00:37:53,647
is rushing down the stairs.
338
00:37:53,730 --> 00:37:56,358
Gradually, they lose
their plasticity
339
00:37:56,441 --> 00:38:00,070
as they freeze, flatten,
and turn into the motif
340
00:38:00,153 --> 00:38:03,699
of a regularly organized
tessellation.
341
00:38:06,034 --> 00:38:10,414
The motif simplifies upwards
towards its original form,
342
00:38:10,497 --> 00:38:12,165
the diamond.
343
00:38:12,291 --> 00:38:15,669
Three diamonds in white,
gray, and black
344
00:38:15,752 --> 00:38:17,587
together form a cube
345
00:38:17,671 --> 00:38:20,507
and thus regain
their plasticity.
346
00:38:20,590 --> 00:38:24,594
The cube turns into a block,
a house,
347
00:38:24,678 --> 00:38:27,639
and from a house,
a human product.
348
00:38:27,723 --> 00:38:30,017
The people reappear
349
00:38:30,100 --> 00:38:33,061
to endlessly repeat
their cycle.
350
00:38:33,145 --> 00:38:36,315
The familiar tile floor motif
on the terraces
351
00:38:36,398 --> 00:38:39,318
is the same
original motif again.
352
00:38:39,401 --> 00:38:43,363
The diamond, the link between
two and three dimensions,
353
00:38:43,447 --> 00:38:46,325
the idea upon which
the entire composition
354
00:38:46,408 --> 00:38:48,368
is built.
355
00:38:48,452 --> 00:38:50,662
The landscape
behind the houses
356
00:38:50,746 --> 00:38:54,374
is intended
as a maximum of naturalness,
357
00:38:54,458 --> 00:38:57,586
in contrast to
the mathematical tessellation
358
00:38:57,669 --> 00:38:59,629
at the bottom of the print.
359
00:39:07,679 --> 00:39:12,809
The print Day and Night
is a similar kind of cycle.
360
00:39:50,305 --> 00:39:53,392
The judgment of acquaintances
and friends
361
00:39:53,475 --> 00:39:56,436
makes me feel that
this is strange to them.
362
00:39:56,520 --> 00:39:58,855
and they don't know
what to think of it.
363
00:39:58,939 --> 00:40:01,817
The reception is not conducive
to the enthusiasm
364
00:40:01,900 --> 00:40:04,528
with which I am
painstakingly tinkering
365
00:40:04,611 --> 00:40:07,280
and searching
in this direction.
366
00:40:07,406 --> 00:40:08,698
I fear that other prints
367
00:40:08,782 --> 00:40:10,283
will be a disappointment
as well,
368
00:40:10,409 --> 00:40:13,537
because in those,
I deviate even more so
369
00:40:13,620 --> 00:40:15,080
than in Day and Night
370
00:40:15,163 --> 00:40:18,625
from a desire
for aesthetic satisfaction.
371
00:40:18,708 --> 00:40:21,878
The mathematical interest
is becoming so dominant
372
00:40:21,962 --> 00:40:25,966
that I am wondering whether
it is still trying to be art
373
00:40:26,049 --> 00:40:29,886
and whether it even belongs
at an art exhibition.
374
00:40:41,815 --> 00:40:45,110
As a little boy
lying in bed at night,
375
00:40:45,193 --> 00:40:48,572
I would enjoy playing
with associative thoughts.
376
00:40:48,655 --> 00:40:50,657
For example, I would say,
377
00:40:50,740 --> 00:40:53,326
"How can I find
the logical connection
378
00:40:53,410 --> 00:40:57,456
between the letter S
and the tail of my dog?"
379
00:40:57,539 --> 00:40:59,291
A thousand ways to get there.
380
00:40:59,374 --> 00:41:04,045
For example, S,
sky, bird, nest,
381
00:41:04,129 --> 00:41:08,884
branch, tree,
garden, dog, tail.
382
00:41:11,052 --> 00:41:12,888
I played a lot of these games,
383
00:41:12,971 --> 00:41:15,849
and actually,
I haven't got much further.
384
00:41:15,932 --> 00:41:17,184
I've merely found a way
385
00:41:17,267 --> 00:41:20,979
to express these thoughts
visually.
386
00:41:21,062 --> 00:41:25,609
The regular hexagon,
honeycomb, bee.
387
00:41:33,617 --> 00:41:35,827
A new factor
has been added to this,
388
00:41:35,952 --> 00:41:40,290
a direct association of shape.
389
00:41:40,373 --> 00:41:44,211
A fish whose background
turns into a bird.
390
00:41:49,341 --> 00:41:53,553
So it's a mishmash
that lacks all profoundness.
391
00:41:53,637 --> 00:41:58,099
It is and remains
the game of a child.
392
00:41:58,183 --> 00:42:03,647
And sensible people are welcome
to consider it trivial.
393
00:42:03,730 --> 00:42:07,275
The best way for me to express
my association mania
394
00:42:07,359 --> 00:42:10,195
would be in an animated film.
395
00:42:10,278 --> 00:42:12,614
In the future,
the animated film
396
00:42:12,697 --> 00:42:14,366
will become
an artistic expression
397
00:42:14,449 --> 00:42:15,951
of great value,
398
00:42:16,034 --> 00:42:18,203
showing more important thoughts
399
00:42:18,286 --> 00:42:20,830
than Snow White or Mickey,
400
00:42:20,914 --> 00:42:24,084
although I have no contempt
for these products at all.
401
00:42:24,167 --> 00:42:28,338
On the contrary,
admiration for Disney's talent.
402
00:42:32,592 --> 00:42:36,888
I often dream of the film
I would like to make,
403
00:42:36,972 --> 00:42:41,476
the astonishing metamorphosis
you would see then.
404
00:42:46,648 --> 00:42:49,776
Sadly, there would be
no audience for it
405
00:42:49,859 --> 00:42:55,740
as I would most certainly
bore people to death with it.
406
00:43:27,981 --> 00:43:31,568
Since the complete exclusion
of the Jews,
407
00:43:31,651 --> 00:43:33,278
I feel increasingly
uncomfortable
408
00:43:33,361 --> 00:43:35,155
when I exhibit my work.
409
00:43:35,238 --> 00:43:38,783
It feels like I'm profiteering.
410
00:43:38,867 --> 00:43:41,703
And if I'm not mistaken,
all visual artists
411
00:43:41,786 --> 00:43:44,914
will be forced to join
the Chamber of Culture,
412
00:43:44,998 --> 00:43:48,460
otherwise they will not be able
to exhibit their work.
413
00:43:52,505 --> 00:43:56,343
I've cancelled my membership
of the artist society Pulchri
414
00:43:56,468 --> 00:43:59,721
and the graphic association
myself.
415
00:43:59,804 --> 00:44:02,223
I think that will be
clear enough.
416
00:44:16,863 --> 00:44:20,659
Here in Baarn,
I hardly know anyone,
417
00:44:20,742 --> 00:44:23,244
and I don't know a lot
of colleagues either.
418
00:44:23,328 --> 00:44:25,080
No matter how satisfied I am
419
00:44:25,163 --> 00:44:27,874
with the isolation
in which we live here,
420
00:44:27,957 --> 00:44:29,876
at this moment,
I would like to have
421
00:44:29,959 --> 00:44:32,796
a bit more human contact.
422
00:44:39,969 --> 00:44:42,722
I have developed
the tessellation pattern
423
00:44:42,806 --> 00:44:46,518
of white optimists
and Black pessimists
424
00:44:46,601 --> 00:44:48,770
into a complete morality tale.
425
00:44:48,853 --> 00:44:52,565
One white and one Black
representative of each type
426
00:44:52,649 --> 00:44:55,568
free themselves
from the gray surface
427
00:44:55,652 --> 00:44:59,698
of the back wall
and walk into space.
428
00:44:59,781 --> 00:45:02,575
They avoid tumbling into
the round hole in the middle,
429
00:45:02,701 --> 00:45:06,037
so they're bound to meet each
other in the foreground.
430
00:45:06,121 --> 00:45:08,373
The Black pessimist continues
431
00:45:08,456 --> 00:45:11,376
to raise his warning finger
until the end,
432
00:45:11,459 --> 00:45:12,919
but the white optimist
433
00:45:13,002 --> 00:45:15,296
cheerfully comes
to his encounter,
434
00:45:15,380 --> 00:45:18,591
and they end up shaking hands.
435
00:45:26,933 --> 00:45:29,602
I had many Jewish friends.
436
00:45:29,686 --> 00:45:34,357
My old teacher, de Mesquita,
he refused to go into hiding.
437
00:45:39,946 --> 00:45:43,450
One night,
they were all taken away.
438
00:45:43,533 --> 00:45:46,327
In '44, during
the Hongerwinter,
439
00:45:46,453 --> 00:45:49,164
the neighbors said,
"Haven't you heard?
440
00:45:49,247 --> 00:45:52,167
The Mesquitas
have been taken away."
441
00:45:55,962 --> 00:45:57,881
I entered their home.
442
00:45:57,964 --> 00:46:00,383
This print was lying
on the floor
443
00:46:00,467 --> 00:46:03,678
with the nail prints
of the German boots on it,
444
00:46:03,803 --> 00:46:05,180
and in his studio,
445
00:46:05,263 --> 00:46:07,557
everything was turned
upside down.
446
00:46:07,640 --> 00:46:10,310
I took home 200 prints.
447
00:46:10,393 --> 00:46:12,979
These things
cannot be forgotten,
448
00:46:13,062 --> 00:46:16,608
taken away
in the middle of the night.
449
00:46:16,691 --> 00:46:19,527
And every now and then,
the image looms up before me
450
00:46:19,611 --> 00:46:23,406
like a nightmare.
451
00:46:23,490 --> 00:46:27,702
When in the night escaped
from the narcosis of sleep,
452
00:46:27,786 --> 00:46:30,288
my opened eyes stare
453
00:46:30,371 --> 00:46:33,625
into unfathomable depths
of darkness,
454
00:46:33,708 --> 00:46:40,173
the birds of despair
come flying on slow wings.
455
00:47:32,517 --> 00:47:36,771
We had a single rickety bike
with makeshift tires,
456
00:47:36,855 --> 00:47:38,481
which I rode to Overijssel
457
00:47:38,565 --> 00:47:42,277
through the bitter cold,
wind, and rain.
458
00:47:42,360 --> 00:47:45,363
Those journeys upset me
very much,
459
00:47:45,446 --> 00:47:48,658
I saw such an awful lot
of suffering.
460
00:47:48,741 --> 00:47:50,618
I'll never forget it.
461
00:47:50,743 --> 00:47:53,788
But I could keep our family
on its feet,
462
00:47:53,872 --> 00:47:59,085
even though my wife
is now in bad shape.
463
00:47:59,168 --> 00:48:03,214
However, I wasn't able
to get any work done.
464
00:48:03,298 --> 00:48:07,427
That was the bitterest pill
I had to swallow.
465
00:48:15,310 --> 00:48:18,563
After the war,
I retired to my studio.
466
00:48:18,646 --> 00:48:22,025
My sons now take care
of the food supply.
467
00:48:22,108 --> 00:48:24,819
My wife is too weak
to do much herself
468
00:48:24,903 --> 00:48:26,613
besides cooking.
469
00:49:11,574 --> 00:49:14,827
Finally, I am working again.
470
00:49:14,911 --> 00:49:17,914
It takes more effort
than ever before.
471
00:49:17,997 --> 00:49:20,959
My brain seems to be
completely dazed.
472
00:49:21,042 --> 00:49:23,711
But at least I'm doing
something again.
473
00:49:46,859 --> 00:49:49,570
Originally,
the intention of The Eye
474
00:49:49,654 --> 00:49:51,864
was nothing more
than a general interest
475
00:49:51,948 --> 00:49:53,783
in the human eye.
476
00:49:53,908 --> 00:49:56,744
But since the viewer
always sees himself
477
00:49:56,828 --> 00:50:00,081
reflected in the eye
he is looking at,
478
00:50:00,164 --> 00:50:02,875
I thought I would show
the reflection of a skull
479
00:50:02,959 --> 00:50:06,879
as a variant of the prints
with mirroring spheres,
480
00:50:06,963 --> 00:50:09,799
because we are all,
whether we want it or not,
481
00:50:09,882 --> 00:50:11,884
looking at death,
482
00:50:11,968 --> 00:50:15,555
and he is looking back at us.
483
00:50:47,045 --> 00:50:50,339
God Almighty, I wish
I would learn to draw
484
00:50:50,423 --> 00:50:52,633
a little better.
485
00:50:52,717 --> 00:50:55,470
What exertion
and determination it takes
486
00:50:55,553 --> 00:50:57,555
to try and do it well.
487
00:50:57,638 --> 00:50:59,974
Every now and then,
I'm close to delirium
488
00:51:00,099 --> 00:51:02,518
from pure nerves.
489
00:51:02,602 --> 00:51:05,396
It is really only a matter
of dogged persistence
490
00:51:05,480 --> 00:51:10,359
with continuous,
pitiless self criticism.
491
00:51:10,443 --> 00:51:13,863
Talent and such is
actually just hogwash,
492
00:51:13,946 --> 00:51:15,823
for the most part.
493
00:51:22,663 --> 00:51:25,416
Any schoolboy
with a little aptitude
494
00:51:25,541 --> 00:51:29,003
will perhaps be better
at drawing than I am.
495
00:51:30,880 --> 00:51:33,049
But what he most often lacks
496
00:51:33,132 --> 00:51:36,385
is the tough yearning
for realization,
497
00:51:36,469 --> 00:51:38,971
the teeth-grinding
stubbornness,
498
00:51:39,055 --> 00:51:43,601
and saying, "Even though
I know I cannot do it,
499
00:51:43,684 --> 00:51:46,854
I want to do it anyway."
500
00:52:21,264 --> 00:52:22,765
The puddle is
501
00:52:22,849 --> 00:52:26,644
uncharacteristically
impressionistic for me,
502
00:52:26,727 --> 00:52:30,064
but the symbol is so strong
and striking in itself,
503
00:52:30,148 --> 00:52:32,483
and every time,
it is such a consolation
504
00:52:32,567 --> 00:52:36,154
to see the sky
in the puddle again.
505
00:52:36,237 --> 00:52:37,655
But it did not come to my mind
506
00:52:37,738 --> 00:52:39,448
to change anything
in the image
507
00:52:39,532 --> 00:52:42,994
as it occurs on a forest
or country road.
508
00:52:43,077 --> 00:52:46,414
It was not my intention
to draw a particular puddle
509
00:52:46,497 --> 00:52:48,374
on a particular country road,
510
00:52:48,457 --> 00:52:51,419
but the puddle
that can be found anywhere,
511
00:52:51,502 --> 00:52:53,296
all over the world.
512
00:54:05,576 --> 00:54:07,119
This creature,
513
00:54:07,203 --> 00:54:12,375
pedalternorotandomovens
centroculatus articulosus,
514
00:54:12,458 --> 00:54:14,752
popularly known as "Curl-up,"
515
00:54:14,835 --> 00:54:18,172
was born
out of dissatisfaction.
516
00:54:18,256 --> 00:54:21,801
The idea came to me
when I was riding my bicycle.
517
00:54:21,884 --> 00:54:24,053
I thought, how absurd.
518
00:54:24,136 --> 00:54:27,056
I am rolling
over the ground on wheels,
519
00:54:27,139 --> 00:54:30,393
which is much easier
than on foot.
520
00:54:30,476 --> 00:54:33,646
God has forgotten
to create the wheel,
521
00:54:33,729 --> 00:54:35,982
and He has also forgotten
to create animals
522
00:54:36,065 --> 00:54:39,568
that can use their bodies
as a wheel or hoop
523
00:54:39,652 --> 00:54:41,654
to move themselves forward.
524
00:54:41,737 --> 00:54:43,531
I am meeting this need
525
00:54:43,614 --> 00:54:46,325
with the design
of this Curl-up.
526
00:54:46,409 --> 00:54:48,953
Biological details
are not yet known.
527
00:54:49,036 --> 00:54:50,496
Nothing to be said
with certainty
528
00:54:50,579 --> 00:54:52,999
about its reproduction.
529
00:55:42,048 --> 00:55:44,425
Three surfaces of the Earth
530
00:55:44,508 --> 00:55:47,053
intersect at a right angle,
531
00:55:47,136 --> 00:55:49,430
and people live
on each of them.
532
00:55:49,513 --> 00:55:51,432
Two inhabitants
of different worlds
533
00:55:51,515 --> 00:55:53,684
cannot live on the same floor,
534
00:55:53,768 --> 00:55:56,020
as their notion of what is
horizontal and vertical
535
00:55:56,103 --> 00:55:57,313
is not the same.
536
00:55:57,438 --> 00:56:00,733
However, they can use
the same staircase,
537
00:56:00,816 --> 00:56:05,154
but with one person ascending
and the other descending.
538
00:56:05,237 --> 00:56:08,282
Contact between the two
is impossible,
539
00:56:08,366 --> 00:56:10,242
for they live
in different worlds,
540
00:56:10,326 --> 00:56:12,411
and therefore cannot have
any knowledge
541
00:56:12,495 --> 00:56:14,830
of each other's existence.
542
00:57:59,351 --> 00:58:01,812
Like a madman,
I have thrown myself
543
00:58:01,896 --> 00:58:05,232
into the printing
of old engravings again.
544
00:58:05,316 --> 00:58:08,903
That damn job simply
has to be done periodically.
545
00:58:08,986 --> 00:58:12,156
Half dazed by
continuous radio sounds,
546
00:58:12,239 --> 00:58:16,785
I'm plowing my way through
this pile of printing ink.
547
00:58:33,385 --> 00:58:37,223
I am smitten by Bach's music.
548
00:58:37,348 --> 00:58:39,391
A short motif
that repeats itself
549
00:58:39,475 --> 00:58:41,268
in various ways,
550
00:58:41,393 --> 00:58:43,604
identically
in a different key,
551
00:58:43,687 --> 00:58:45,898
back to front or upside down.
552
00:58:45,981 --> 00:58:49,026
They're almost
mathematical figures.
553
00:58:49,109 --> 00:58:51,695
It has a lot in common
with my motifs,
554
00:58:51,779 --> 00:58:54,782
which also repeat themselves
endlessly.
555
00:58:57,034 --> 00:58:59,620
In both, there is
a compelling rhythm,
556
00:58:59,745 --> 00:59:04,041
a cadence in search of
a certain endlessness.
557
00:59:08,045 --> 00:59:10,214
This feeling of kinship
is so strong
558
00:59:10,297 --> 00:59:13,384
that I often get inspired
when I'm listening to Bach.
559
00:59:13,467 --> 00:59:17,137
There is
an undeniable connection.
560
00:59:37,700 --> 00:59:40,828
I attended a performance
of the St. Matthew Passion
561
00:59:40,911 --> 00:59:43,163
in Naarden.
562
00:59:43,247 --> 00:59:45,583
My eyes wandered
past the walls,
563
00:59:45,666 --> 00:59:47,960
columns, arches, and vaults,
564
00:59:48,043 --> 00:59:51,547
of that high, wide,
immovable church.
565
01:00:08,522 --> 01:00:09,898
Immovable?
566
01:00:10,024 --> 01:00:12,443
Suddenly,
it became clear to me
567
01:00:12,526 --> 01:00:16,405
that this church
was far from immovable.
568
01:00:16,488 --> 01:00:20,367
My imagination, enlivened
by the constant stream
569
01:00:20,451 --> 01:00:23,954
of beautiful sounds
that came to us,
570
01:00:24,038 --> 01:00:27,875
saw the globe
with the Naarden church on it
571
01:00:27,958 --> 01:00:30,586
rotating in the universe.
572
01:00:30,669 --> 01:00:33,589
First, I saw
the old Naarden fort
573
01:00:33,672 --> 01:00:37,134
as a more than five-armed
starfish.
574
01:00:40,137 --> 01:00:42,431
Then I flew to the coast,
crossed the channel,
575
01:00:42,556 --> 01:00:44,391
and before long,
I found myself
576
01:00:44,475 --> 01:00:48,270
above the gray,
turbulent Atlantic Ocean.
577
01:00:57,321 --> 01:00:59,365
At the latitude of New York,
578
01:00:59,448 --> 01:01:01,950
I reached
the American mainland.
579
01:01:02,034 --> 01:01:05,287
Unfortunately so,
because it was gloomy, cold,
580
01:01:05,371 --> 01:01:07,915
and rough above the ocean.
581
01:01:13,796 --> 01:01:16,090
I cannot give
a clear description
582
01:01:16,215 --> 01:01:18,425
of the sight
of the United States,
583
01:01:18,509 --> 01:01:20,886
but I do know that it was
cheerful and bright there
584
01:01:20,969 --> 01:01:24,973
with lots of sun
on snowcapped mountains.
585
01:01:27,935 --> 01:01:29,311
Near San Francisco,
586
01:01:29,436 --> 01:01:32,356
I ended up
above the ocean again.
587
01:01:33,982 --> 01:01:36,527
I saw Honolulu from afar,
588
01:01:36,610 --> 01:01:38,779
then a whole lot
of cheerful water again
589
01:01:38,862 --> 01:01:41,407
and finally straight
across the dense,
590
01:01:41,490 --> 01:01:43,701
humid jungles of New Guinea,
591
01:01:43,784 --> 01:01:46,704
Celebes, and the Borneo Coast.
592
01:02:02,052 --> 01:02:05,764
How I came back again,
I do not know.
593
01:02:05,848 --> 01:02:08,142
The fact is that
I suddenly found myself
594
01:02:08,225 --> 01:02:11,228
sitting on my kitchen chair
595
01:02:11,311 --> 01:02:13,397
in the Naarden church again.
596
01:02:13,480 --> 01:02:16,775
Just when they were singing
at the top of their voices,
597
01:02:16,859 --> 01:02:20,195
we sit down in tears.
598
01:02:20,320 --> 01:02:21,989
Completely malapropos,
599
01:02:22,072 --> 01:02:26,243
as I felt surprisingly
cheerful and satisfied.
600
01:02:55,731 --> 01:02:59,735
Meanwhile, I have finished
a new lithograph.
601
01:02:59,818 --> 01:03:01,570
I believe I have never
made anything
602
01:03:01,653 --> 01:03:04,698
as strange as this one
in my life.
603
01:03:06,408 --> 01:03:09,578
Among other things,
it depicts a young man
604
01:03:09,661 --> 01:03:11,538
attentively looking at a print
605
01:03:11,622 --> 01:03:13,415
on the wall of an exhibition,
606
01:03:13,499 --> 01:03:16,418
which is a picture of himself.
607
01:03:16,502 --> 01:03:18,420
How can this be?
608
01:03:18,504 --> 01:03:20,923
Maybe I am not so far removed
609
01:03:21,006 --> 01:03:23,967
from Einstein's curved
universe.
610
01:04:00,128 --> 01:04:02,005
I've made an effort to explain
611
01:04:02,130 --> 01:04:05,008
the smaller and smaller print
to visitors,
612
01:04:05,092 --> 01:04:06,760
but it's becoming
increasingly clear
613
01:04:06,844 --> 01:04:08,387
that people are insensitive
614
01:04:08,470 --> 01:04:11,223
to the beauty
of this infinite world
615
01:04:11,348 --> 01:04:13,559
within a defined plane.
616
01:04:13,642 --> 01:04:14,935
Most people simply
don't understand
617
01:04:15,018 --> 01:04:16,562
what it's about.
618
01:04:16,645 --> 01:04:18,272
This is ever more sad to me,
619
01:04:18,355 --> 01:04:20,023
because I'm working
on the next version,
620
01:04:20,107 --> 01:04:22,985
which is meant
to far exceed the first.
621
01:04:23,068 --> 01:04:27,197
Although, in theory,
the infinitely small in size
622
01:04:27,281 --> 01:04:31,577
and infinitely large in number
is reached in the center,
623
01:04:31,702 --> 01:04:33,787
this work only
partially satisfies.
624
01:04:33,871 --> 01:04:36,623
It remains a fragment,
because outwards,
625
01:04:36,748 --> 01:04:39,626
the pattern is
arbitrarily limited.
626
01:04:39,710 --> 01:04:43,171
However, my great enthusiasm
for these kinds of depictions
627
01:04:43,255 --> 01:04:45,841
and my fixation
on my investigations
628
01:04:45,966 --> 01:04:51,346
might eventually lead me
to a satisfying discovery.
629
01:04:59,897 --> 01:05:01,273
I found an image
630
01:05:01,356 --> 01:05:03,817
by the Canadian
mathematician Coxeter
631
01:05:03,901 --> 01:05:05,944
that will probably help me.
632
01:05:06,028 --> 01:05:09,698
One way to bring infinity
to finite terms
633
01:05:09,781 --> 01:05:12,659
is by the transformation
called "inversion"
634
01:05:12,743 --> 01:05:16,288
so that it is on
the same diameter.
635
01:05:16,371 --> 01:05:18,373
But the hocus pocus
of his words
636
01:05:18,498 --> 01:05:19,875
are no good to me.
637
01:05:19,958 --> 01:05:21,710
No matter how much effort
it takes,
638
01:05:21,793 --> 01:05:23,670
it's all the more
fulfilling for me
639
01:05:23,754 --> 01:05:26,548
to solve such a problem myself
640
01:05:26,673 --> 01:05:29,384
in my own clumsy way.
641
01:05:34,014 --> 01:05:36,975
A circular,
regular tessellation
642
01:05:37,059 --> 01:05:41,355
logically bounded on all sides
by the infinitesimal
643
01:05:41,438 --> 01:05:44,691
is a thing of
miraculous beauty.
644
01:06:29,987 --> 01:06:33,281
This is the limit.
645
01:06:33,365 --> 01:06:36,159
The entire world is
contained in it.
646
01:06:36,243 --> 01:06:40,330
It is a successful attempt
at visualizing infinity,
647
01:06:40,414 --> 01:06:44,876
and it represents a milestone
in my development.
648
01:06:44,960 --> 01:06:47,838
Deeply saddening
and hangover inducing
649
01:06:47,921 --> 01:06:49,715
remains the fact
that I'm starting
650
01:06:49,798 --> 01:06:51,842
to speak a language
that is understood
651
01:06:51,925 --> 01:06:55,804
by very few people.
652
01:06:55,887 --> 01:06:58,515
This only increases
my loneliness.
653
01:06:58,598 --> 01:07:02,644
After all, I do not belong
anywhere anymore.
654
01:07:02,728 --> 01:07:06,023
I'm too stupid to live
as a scientist.
655
01:07:06,106 --> 01:07:08,108
I'm not an artist either.
656
01:07:08,191 --> 01:07:12,571
I hover between
mathematics and art.
657
01:07:19,453 --> 01:07:22,664
It's just pure creation.
658
01:07:22,789 --> 01:07:25,584
Shall we take a look at
some paradoxical architecture?
659
01:07:25,667 --> 01:07:27,294
You're gonna have to master
a few tricks
660
01:07:27,377 --> 01:07:29,755
if you're gonna build
three complete dream levels.
661
01:07:29,880 --> 01:07:31,590
Excuse me.
662
01:07:31,673 --> 01:07:33,383
What kind of tricks?
663
01:07:33,467 --> 01:07:35,093
In a dream, you can
cheat architecture
664
01:07:35,177 --> 01:07:36,803
into impossible shapes.
665
01:07:36,887 --> 01:07:39,264
That lets you create
closed loops,
666
01:07:39,347 --> 01:07:42,142
like the Penrose steps.
667
01:07:42,225 --> 01:07:44,644
The infinite staircase.
668
01:07:49,483 --> 01:07:52,569
I'm working on the design
of a new print
669
01:07:52,652 --> 01:07:55,363
with a staircase
that keeps ascending,
670
01:07:55,447 --> 01:07:57,657
or descending, if you will.
671
01:08:00,285 --> 01:08:03,080
It is a closed,
ring-shaped thing,
672
01:08:03,163 --> 01:08:05,791
and yet the perspective
is correct!
673
01:08:11,505 --> 01:08:14,174
There's a great number
of human figures walking on it
674
01:08:14,257 --> 01:08:16,218
in two directions.
675
01:08:16,301 --> 01:08:20,722
One line is arduously
climbing up to infinity
676
01:08:20,847 --> 01:08:24,851
while the other
endlessly descends.
677
01:08:26,561 --> 01:08:29,981
A sad, pessimistic subject,
this staircase,
678
01:08:30,065 --> 01:08:35,112
but very profound and absurd.
679
01:08:35,195 --> 01:08:38,657
People do not like
to talk about their descents,
680
01:08:38,740 --> 01:08:42,410
and all the more
about their climbs.
681
01:08:46,331 --> 01:08:48,208
Paradox.
682
01:08:56,007 --> 01:08:58,927
I've been officially invited
to give a lecture
683
01:08:59,010 --> 01:09:01,638
and exhibit my work
at a conference
684
01:09:01,721 --> 01:09:04,432
for crystallographers
in America.
685
01:09:04,558 --> 01:09:06,268
Fine kettle of fish,
686
01:09:06,351 --> 01:09:09,187
I don't know anything
about crystallography
687
01:09:09,271 --> 01:09:11,064
in a scientific sense,
688
01:09:11,148 --> 01:09:15,026
but apparently, they are
reveling in my fantasies.
689
01:09:15,110 --> 01:09:17,571
Well, I guess
I should go then.
690
01:09:22,993 --> 01:09:25,328
No better means of transport
691
01:09:25,412 --> 01:09:27,998
and no better lodging
than a cargo boat
692
01:09:28,081 --> 01:09:30,083
if you want some peace
and quiet.
693
01:09:32,169 --> 01:09:35,797
For weeks, no need to assume
any responsibilities,
694
01:09:35,881 --> 01:09:38,633
out of reach of the telephone
and letters,
695
01:09:38,717 --> 01:09:40,635
no longer having
to read the newspapers
696
01:09:40,719 --> 01:09:42,888
or hear the news reports.
697
01:09:42,971 --> 01:09:46,433
As a result,
you acquire a receptivity
698
01:09:46,516 --> 01:09:50,478
that allows you
to really wonder again.
699
01:09:53,899 --> 01:09:57,319
You feel disconnected,
not only from worries,
700
01:09:57,402 --> 01:10:02,324
but also from the firmness
of the Earth's crust.
701
01:10:02,407 --> 01:10:04,451
And then you start to observe
702
01:10:04,534 --> 01:10:08,580
that infinite variation
of waves and undulations
703
01:10:08,663 --> 01:10:10,248
and you see
the living creatures
704
01:10:10,332 --> 01:10:15,003
in and above the sea,
the fish and the birds,
705
01:10:15,086 --> 01:10:17,547
and you finally look
at the celestial,
706
01:10:17,631 --> 01:10:19,925
heavenly bodies again:
707
01:10:20,008 --> 01:10:24,930
the sun, the moon,
and the stars.
708
01:10:38,568 --> 01:10:41,154
In the sultry night,
you can lie
709
01:10:41,238 --> 01:10:44,115
stretched out on your back
on a tarpaulin,
710
01:10:44,199 --> 01:10:46,993
and if you bring a flashlight
and a star chart,
711
01:10:47,077 --> 01:10:49,371
you can easily commit
the eternal figures
712
01:10:49,496 --> 01:10:51,539
of the constellations to memory
713
01:10:51,623 --> 01:10:54,751
and call them by their names.
714
01:11:01,383 --> 01:11:03,009
And the moon.
715
01:11:03,093 --> 01:11:04,511
While she was
looking down on me
716
01:11:04,594 --> 01:11:07,013
like a big lamp
high above the sea,
717
01:11:07,097 --> 01:11:09,182
I was so amazed
at the distance
718
01:11:09,266 --> 01:11:12,644
between her and me.
719
01:11:18,817 --> 01:11:20,527
Breathless with wonder,
720
01:11:20,610 --> 01:11:23,113
I was subjected to her silence,
721
01:11:23,196 --> 01:11:25,156
her apparent immobility,
722
01:11:25,240 --> 01:11:28,285
her motionless balance
in space.
723
01:11:33,331 --> 01:11:35,417
She became a symbol to me,
724
01:11:35,500 --> 01:11:38,670
or rather a demonstration
of gravity,
725
01:11:38,753 --> 01:11:40,672
which is not a boring concept,
726
01:11:40,755 --> 01:11:45,302
but a living, gripping
incomprehensibility.
727
01:13:37,747 --> 01:13:40,208
At home,
I am working feverishly,
728
01:13:40,291 --> 01:13:42,252
but I'm constantly disturbed
729
01:13:42,335 --> 01:13:44,754
by the many foreigners
at our door
730
01:13:44,838 --> 01:13:47,799
and the growing amount
of correspondence.
731
01:13:52,387 --> 01:13:57,225
Mr. Mick Jagger
asking me to design a picture
732
01:13:57,308 --> 01:14:01,354
or to place at his disposal
unpublished work
733
01:14:01,438 --> 01:14:03,648
to reproduce
on the cover sleeve
734
01:14:03,731 --> 01:14:06,067
for an LP record.
735
01:14:07,694 --> 01:14:11,573
My answer to both questions
must be no,
736
01:14:11,656 --> 01:14:14,659
because I want to devote
all my time and attention
737
01:14:14,742 --> 01:14:17,328
to the many commitments I made.
738
01:14:19,247 --> 01:14:23,877
By the way,
please tell Mr. Jagger
739
01:14:23,960 --> 01:14:26,671
I am not Maurits to him,
740
01:14:26,754 --> 01:14:30,133
but very sincerely,
741
01:14:30,216 --> 01:14:32,594
M.C. Escher.
742
01:14:47,525 --> 01:14:49,861
These orgies of color
743
01:14:49,944 --> 01:14:52,822
were clandestinely printed
in California.
744
01:14:52,906 --> 01:14:55,241
I got hold of
the horrendous results
745
01:14:55,325 --> 01:14:58,369
through the mediation
of a friendly customer.
746
01:14:58,453 --> 01:15:00,788
The bright colors
are entirely at the expense
747
01:15:00,872 --> 01:15:04,083
of the publisher,
who is undoubtedly speculating
748
01:15:04,167 --> 01:15:06,753
on the taste of today's youth.
749
01:15:13,051 --> 01:15:15,428
They were printed
with fluorescent ink
750
01:15:15,512 --> 01:15:19,182
and will really come to life
in ultraviolet light.
751
01:15:19,307 --> 01:15:21,184
I only know this from hearsay,
752
01:15:21,267 --> 01:15:23,520
because I have
never verified it.
753
01:15:37,033 --> 01:15:41,621
Palm from 1933
never had a lot of success,
754
01:15:41,746 --> 01:15:45,208
but was recently elevated
to the dignity of a poster
755
01:15:45,291 --> 01:15:49,128
in colors so shrill
they hurt your eyes.
756
01:15:52,507 --> 01:15:56,052
What on Earth does
this young generation see
757
01:15:56,135 --> 01:15:57,470
in my work?
758
01:15:57,554 --> 01:15:58,888
Doesn't it lack
all the qualities
759
01:15:59,013 --> 01:16:01,224
that are hip these days?
760
01:16:01,307 --> 01:16:03,893
It is cerebral
and rationalized
761
01:16:03,977 --> 01:16:06,229
instead of wild and sexy.
762
01:16:06,312 --> 01:16:08,064
And how can they reconcile it
763
01:16:08,189 --> 01:16:10,900
with their addiction
to narcotics?
764
01:16:16,239 --> 01:16:19,117
But why not let
those Californian students
765
01:16:19,200 --> 01:16:23,705
and hippies buy a color poster
for a small amount of money?
766
01:16:23,788 --> 01:16:26,374
My prints are not only
much too expensive,
767
01:16:26,499 --> 01:16:28,585
they are also
too sober in tone
768
01:16:28,668 --> 01:16:31,004
for the taste of
many modern youths,
769
01:16:31,087 --> 01:16:32,380
who are usually as fond
770
01:16:32,463 --> 01:16:34,799
of the screaming colors
on their walls
771
01:16:34,882 --> 01:16:36,801
as they are of the screaming
772
01:16:36,884 --> 01:16:39,554
coming out of
their record players.
773
01:16:41,514 --> 01:16:44,434
Sunset in your eyes.
774
01:16:44,517 --> 01:16:48,688
Traveling the train
through clear Moroccan skies.
775
01:16:48,771 --> 01:16:51,065
Ducks and pigs
and chickens call,
776
01:16:51,149 --> 01:16:53,526
animal carpet wall to wall.
777
01:16:53,610 --> 01:16:57,071
American ladies
five-foot tall in blue.
778
01:16:59,365 --> 01:17:03,369
Sweeping cobwebs
from the edges of my mind.
779
01:17:03,453 --> 01:17:06,414
I've always tried to be
an observant person.
780
01:17:06,497 --> 01:17:10,460
I've always tried
to remain open all around.
781
01:17:10,543 --> 01:17:15,381
I--I'm constantly
seeing things, you know?
782
01:17:15,465 --> 01:17:19,093
But Escher's work
made me see differently.
783
01:17:19,177 --> 01:17:21,512
One of the things
about Escher's work
784
01:17:21,596 --> 01:17:27,310
is that it bears studying.
785
01:17:27,393 --> 01:17:31,189
You know, you have an overall
appreciation of the piece,
786
01:17:31,272 --> 01:17:33,274
but when you get
deep into the piece
787
01:17:33,358 --> 01:17:35,610
and see what's going on,
788
01:17:35,693 --> 01:17:38,071
it becomes even more miraculous.
789
01:17:38,154 --> 01:17:40,490
So Escher taught me
to see differently,
790
01:17:40,573 --> 01:17:42,158
and I'm very thankful for that.
791
01:17:46,037 --> 01:17:47,497
I think one of the last pieces
792
01:17:47,580 --> 01:17:51,834
I ever saw of Escher's
was Snakes.
793
01:17:51,918 --> 01:17:53,169
I think that may have been
794
01:17:53,252 --> 01:17:56,047
one of the last pieces
that he did.
795
01:17:56,172 --> 01:17:59,175
And he was not a young man
when he finished that,
796
01:17:59,258 --> 01:18:01,969
and that is stunning.
797
01:18:02,053 --> 01:18:04,347
I am handicapped by my health.
798
01:18:04,430 --> 01:18:07,058
It takes a lot of time
every day.
799
01:18:07,141 --> 01:18:10,520
In the meantime,
I try to reprint wood cuts.
800
01:18:10,603 --> 01:18:12,730
I do not feel free enough
from worry
801
01:18:12,814 --> 01:18:15,274
to start working on new ideas,
802
01:18:15,358 --> 01:18:18,277
and I'm content
with that old métier.
803
01:18:18,361 --> 01:18:20,988
It calms the soul.
804
01:18:25,410 --> 01:18:29,831
Doing this work gives me
the sad feeling of getting old,
805
01:18:29,914 --> 01:18:31,874
because who would
spend his time chewing
806
01:18:31,958 --> 01:18:36,045
and mulling over things
he made years and years ago?
807
01:18:37,588 --> 01:18:39,966
It is not a creative activity,
808
01:18:40,049 --> 01:18:44,220
but really a process
of going over old ground.
809
01:18:53,604 --> 01:18:55,857
A prerequisite
for a good print,
810
01:18:55,940 --> 01:18:59,152
and by "good" I mean
a print that resonates
811
01:18:59,277 --> 01:19:01,446
with a relatively
large audience
812
01:19:01,529 --> 01:19:04,157
is that no hocus pocus
is practiced
813
01:19:04,240 --> 01:19:06,117
without a very sound
814
01:19:06,200 --> 01:19:09,829
and effortless connection
with reality.
815
01:19:09,912 --> 01:19:14,417
What I can say is that
no print ever succeeds.
816
01:19:14,542 --> 01:19:16,878
They all fail,
817
01:19:16,961 --> 01:19:19,839
simply because I always
pursue a vision
818
01:19:19,922 --> 01:19:22,925
that cannot be realized.
819
01:19:28,306 --> 01:19:31,058
My prints, none of which
were ever made
820
01:19:31,142 --> 01:19:35,021
with the primary aim of
making something beautiful,
821
01:19:35,104 --> 01:19:39,358
simply cause me headaches.
822
01:19:39,442 --> 01:19:43,112
That is the reason why
I never feel fully at home
823
01:19:43,196 --> 01:19:45,740
amongst my colleagues.
824
01:19:45,823 --> 01:19:50,161
They pursue beauty
first and foremost.
825
01:19:50,244 --> 01:19:54,665
Perhaps I only pursue wonder.
826
01:20:02,173 --> 01:20:06,636
I really believe
that the high-end art world
827
01:20:06,719 --> 01:20:09,680
is going to rediscover Escher,
828
01:20:09,764 --> 01:20:12,767
and I think that his artwork
is going to be appreciated
829
01:20:12,850 --> 01:20:15,186
for what it really is:
830
01:20:15,269 --> 01:20:17,063
stunning work.
831
01:20:17,146 --> 01:20:19,524
And I think
the rest of the world
832
01:20:19,607 --> 01:20:22,819
is going to have to catch up
to Escher's work.
833
01:20:22,902 --> 01:20:28,616
I think it will transcend
into the future brilliantly.
834
01:20:28,699 --> 01:20:31,118
The crazier this place gets,
835
01:20:31,202 --> 01:20:33,955
the noisier this place gets,
836
01:20:34,038 --> 01:20:38,251
the more his work is
really interesting.
837
01:20:38,334 --> 01:20:40,169
He's gonna be
much more appreciated
838
01:20:40,253 --> 01:20:42,630
in the coming years.
839
01:20:42,713 --> 01:20:44,257
I really feel it.
69439
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