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MAN: PRIVATE EDWIN TENNISON,
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00:00:13,757 --> 00:00:16,051
KILLED IN ACTION
AT MALVERN HILL,
3
00:00:16,218 --> 00:00:19,096
JULY 1, 1862.
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00:00:59,094 --> 00:01:00,262
NARRATOR: DURING THE CIVIL WAR,
5
00:01:00,429 --> 00:01:02,973
PHOTOGRAPHERS FOLLOWED
THE ARMIES EVERYWHERE
6
00:01:03,140 --> 00:01:06,352
TO MAKE PROUD PORTRAITS
FOR THE BOYS TO SEND HOME
7
00:01:06,518 --> 00:01:08,062
AND TO CAPTURE
AS MUCH OF THE ACTION
8
00:01:08,228 --> 00:01:09,480
AS CUMBERSOME EQUIPMENT
9
00:01:09,647 --> 00:01:11,440
AND SLOW SHUTTER SPEEDS
ALLOWED.
10
00:01:14,151 --> 00:01:15,944
NEAR THE BATTLE
OF FAIR OAKS, VIRGINIA,
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00:01:16,111 --> 00:01:18,155
CAPTAIN GEORGE
ARMSTRONG CUSTER
12
00:01:18,322 --> 00:01:20,115
PAUSED TO HAVE
HIS PICTURE TAKEN
13
00:01:20,282 --> 00:01:21,700
WITH J.B. WASHINGTON,
14
00:01:21,867 --> 00:01:24,536
CLOSE FRIEND AND CLASSMATE
FROM WEST POINT--
15
00:01:24,703 --> 00:01:26,205
AND NOW A CONFEDERATE
LIEUTENANT
16
00:01:26,372 --> 00:01:27,373
WHO HAD JUST THAT MORNING
17
00:01:27,539 --> 00:01:29,166
BEEN CAPTURED
BY FEDERAL PICKETS.
18
00:01:47,267 --> 00:01:49,395
AS 1862 DRAGGED ON,
19
00:01:49,561 --> 00:01:52,439
THE CHARACTER OF THE WAR
WAS CHANGING,
20
00:01:52,606 --> 00:01:54,692
AND MUCH OF THE COUNTRY
WAS CHANGING WITH IT.
21
00:01:58,445 --> 00:02:01,365
BY 1862, MORE THAN
A MILLION FARM WORKERS
22
00:02:01,532 --> 00:02:04,076
HAD ENLISTED
IN THE UNION ARMY,
23
00:02:04,243 --> 00:02:05,452
AND TRAVELERS
IN THE MIDWEST
24
00:02:05,619 --> 00:02:08,080
SAW MORE WOMEN AT WORK
IN THE FIELDS THAN MEN.
25
00:02:19,758 --> 00:02:23,178
THE YEAR, WHICH HAD BEGUN
SO PROMISINGLY FOR THE NORTH,
26
00:02:23,345 --> 00:02:25,055
HAD NOW GONE AWRY.
27
00:02:25,222 --> 00:02:28,058
U.S. GRANT'S TRIUMPHS
AT DONELSON AND SHILOH
28
00:02:28,225 --> 00:02:31,353
WERE BEING OVERSHADOWED
BY DISASTERS IN THE EAST.
29
00:02:33,272 --> 00:02:36,150
IN VIRGINIA, UNION GENERAL
GEORGE MCCLELLAN'S ARMY
30
00:02:36,316 --> 00:02:38,485
SAT OUTSIDE RICHMOND,
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00:02:38,652 --> 00:02:41,697
ITS COMMANDER IN POSSESSION
OF VASTLY GREATER FORCES,
32
00:02:41,864 --> 00:02:43,365
BUT WITHOUT
THE WILL TO FIGHT.
33
00:02:47,619 --> 00:02:50,622
MEANWHILE, THE CONFEDERACY
WAS BEGINNING TO APPRECIATE
34
00:02:50,789 --> 00:02:52,541
THE BRILLIANCE
OF A NEW COMMANDER,
35
00:02:52,708 --> 00:02:54,209
ROBERT E. LEE,
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00:02:54,376 --> 00:02:56,462
WHO WOULD SOON
ESTABLISH A REPUTATION
37
00:02:56,628 --> 00:02:59,381
AS ONE OF THE GREATEST
MILITARY LEADERS OF ALL TIME.
38
00:03:05,554 --> 00:03:08,140
AND THERE WAS STILL
MORE TROUBLE FOR THE UNION.
39
00:03:08,307 --> 00:03:09,558
AT BLACKBURN, ENGLAND,
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00:03:09,725 --> 00:03:12,102
A PUBLIC MEETING DECLARED
THAT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE
41
00:03:12,269 --> 00:03:14,938
FOR THE NORTH
TO VANQUISH THE SOUTH
42
00:03:15,105 --> 00:03:17,441
AND CALLED FOR A NEGOTIATED
SETTLEMENT OF THE WAR.
43
00:03:20,110 --> 00:03:22,905
WITH EUROPE POISED
TO RECOGNIZE THE CONFEDERACY,
44
00:03:23,071 --> 00:03:26,575
THE UNTHINKABLE
LOOKED INCREASINGLY LIKELY--
45
00:03:26,742 --> 00:03:28,619
THE UNION WAS GOING TO
LOSE THE WAR.
46
00:03:32,414 --> 00:03:35,083
"WE MUST CHANGE OUR TACTICS
OR LOSE THE GAME,"
47
00:03:35,250 --> 00:03:38,462
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
WROTE IN 1862.
48
00:03:38,629 --> 00:03:40,047
TO LINCOLN,
IT WAS CLEAR NOW
49
00:03:40,214 --> 00:03:41,423
THAT IT WAS
NO LONGER POSSIBLE
50
00:03:41,590 --> 00:03:43,592
TO RESTORE THE OLD UNION.
51
00:03:43,759 --> 00:03:47,054
ANEW ONE
HAD TO BE EMBRACED.
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00:03:47,221 --> 00:03:49,139
BY SUMMER, HE KNEW
WHAT TACTIC WAS NEEDED
53
00:03:49,306 --> 00:03:52,601
TO WIN THE WAR--
EMANCIPATION--
54
00:03:52,768 --> 00:03:54,186
BUT DOUBTED WHETHER
HE WOULD EVER HAVE
55
00:03:54,353 --> 00:03:57,314
THE POLITICAL OR MILITARY
OPPORTUNITY TO USE IT.
56
00:04:03,654 --> 00:04:06,156
"I FIND IT HARD
TO MAINTAIN MY LIVELY FAITH
57
00:04:06,323 --> 00:04:08,450
IN THE TRIUMPH
OF THE NATION AND THE LAW,"
58
00:04:08,617 --> 00:04:10,536
NEW YORK LAWYER
GEORGE TEMPLETON STRONG
59
00:04:10,702 --> 00:04:13,372
CONFIDED TO HIS DIARY.
60
00:04:13,539 --> 00:04:16,667
"THESE ARE THE DARKEST DAYS
WE HAVE SEEN SINCE BULL RUN."
61
00:04:20,170 --> 00:04:21,672
WHAT NO ONE KNEW
WAS THAT THE YEAR
62
00:04:21,839 --> 00:04:25,008
WOULD SOON SEE
THE BLOODIEST DAY OF THE WAR
63
00:04:25,175 --> 00:04:26,343
AND THEN THE BRIGHTEST.
64
00:04:28,804 --> 00:04:32,057
IT COULD HAVE BEEN
AVERY UGLY, FILTHY WAR
65
00:04:32,224 --> 00:04:36,979
WITH NO REDEEMING
CHARACTERISTICS AT ALL...
66
00:04:37,145 --> 00:04:41,483
AND IT WAS THE BATTLE
FOR EMANCIPATION
67
00:04:41,650 --> 00:04:43,694
AND THE PEOPLE
WHO PUSHED IT FORWARD--
68
00:04:43,861 --> 00:04:47,322
THE SLAVES,
THE FREE BLACK PEOPLE,
THE ABOLITIONISTS,
69
00:04:47,489 --> 00:04:49,992
AND A LOT
OF ORDINARY CITIZENS--
70
00:04:50,158 --> 00:04:51,660
IT WAS THEY WHO ENNOBLED
71
00:04:51,827 --> 00:04:54,997
WHAT OTHERWISE
WOULD HAVE BEEN
MEANINGLESS CARNAGE
72
00:04:55,163 --> 00:04:56,331
INTO SOMETHING HIGHER.
73
00:05:11,221 --> 00:05:12,389
NARRATOR: OUTSIDE RICHMOND,
74
00:05:12,556 --> 00:05:15,017
GEORGE MCCLELLAN CONTINUED
TO CALL ANXIOUSLY
75
00:05:15,183 --> 00:05:16,351
FOR MORE TROOPS,
76
00:05:16,518 --> 00:05:19,187
THOUGH HIS
110,000-MAN FORCE
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00:05:19,354 --> 00:05:22,399
ALREADY GREATLY OUTNUMBERED
JOSEPH JOHNSTON'S ARMY.
78
00:05:24,610 --> 00:05:26,320
MEANWHILE,
WEST OF THE BLUE RIDGE
79
00:05:26,486 --> 00:05:28,030
IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY,
80
00:05:28,196 --> 00:05:30,032
GENERAL THOMAS J. JACKSON
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00:05:30,198 --> 00:05:32,409
WAS KEEPING
3 FEDERAL ARMIES BUSY.
82
00:05:46,214 --> 00:05:50,093
MAN: "ALWAYS MYSTIFY, MISLEAD,
AND SURPRISE THE ENEMY.
83
00:05:50,260 --> 00:05:52,387
"AND WHEN YOU STRIKE
AND OVERCOME HIM,
84
00:05:52,554 --> 00:05:54,723
"NEVER LET UP
IN THE PURSUIT.
85
00:05:54,890 --> 00:05:56,350
"NEVER FIGHT
AGAINST HEAVY ODDS
86
00:05:56,516 --> 00:05:57,893
"IF YOU CAN
HURL YOUR FORCE
87
00:05:58,060 --> 00:06:00,896
"ON ONLYA PART
OF YOUR ENEMY
AND CRUSH IT.
88
00:06:01,063 --> 00:06:03,523
"A SMALL ARMY
MAY THUS DESTROY
A LARGE ONE,
89
00:06:03,690 --> 00:06:07,653
AND REPEATED VICTORY
WILL MAKE IT INVINCIBLE."
90
00:06:07,819 --> 00:06:09,112
GENERAL T.J. JACKSON.
91
00:06:11,365 --> 00:06:14,076
MAN 2: HE WAS ATRUE ECCENTRIC.
92
00:06:14,242 --> 00:06:17,371
HE BELIEVED THAT IF HE
HAD PEPPER IN HIS FOOD,
93
00:06:17,537 --> 00:06:20,207
IT WOULD MAKE
HIS LEFT LEG ACHE.
94
00:06:20,374 --> 00:06:22,918
HE WOULD NEVER
MAILA LETTER
95
00:06:23,085 --> 00:06:26,004
THAT WOULD BE
IN TRANSIT ON A SUNDAY.
96
00:06:26,171 --> 00:06:28,590
HE WAS A STRICT OBSERVER
OF THE SABBATH.
97
00:06:28,757 --> 00:06:30,968
AND YET SO MANY OF HIS BATTLES
WERE FOUGHT ON SUNDAYS
98
00:06:31,134 --> 00:06:34,554
THAT THE SOLDIERS BEGAN
TO BELIEVE THAT HE
WOULD FIGHT ON SUNDAY
99
00:06:34,721 --> 00:06:36,640
BECAUSE THE LORD
WOULD BE EVEN MORE WITH HIM.
100
00:06:39,101 --> 00:06:41,561
NARRATOR: JACKSON WAS A PIOUS,
BLUE-EYED KILLER,
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00:06:41,728 --> 00:06:45,148
UTTERLY UNTROUBLED
BY THE LIKELIHOOD OF DEATH.
102
00:06:45,315 --> 00:06:47,609
IT WAS A MAN'S
"ENTIRE DUTY," HE SAID,
103
00:06:47,776 --> 00:06:50,612
"TO PRAY AND FIGHT."
104
00:06:50,779 --> 00:06:53,323
MAN: "HE WOULD HAVE A MAN SHOT
AT THE DROP OF A HAT,
105
00:06:53,490 --> 00:06:55,575
AND HE'D DROP IT HIMSELF."
106
00:06:55,742 --> 00:06:57,953
SAM WATKINS.
107
00:06:58,120 --> 00:07:01,915
FOOTE: HE HAD ASTRANGE QUALITY
OF OVERLOOKING SUFFERING.
108
00:07:02,082 --> 00:07:05,544
DURING ONE OF THE BATTLES,
HE HAD AYOUNG COURIER,
109
00:07:05,711 --> 00:07:06,962
AND JACKSON LOOKED
AROUND FOR HIM,
110
00:07:07,129 --> 00:07:08,296
AND HE WASN'T THERE.
111
00:07:08,463 --> 00:07:10,298
AND HE SAID, "WHERE IS
LIEUTENANT SO-AND-SO?"
112
00:07:10,465 --> 00:07:12,884
AND THEY SAID, "HE WAS
KILLED, GENERAL."
113
00:07:13,051 --> 00:07:16,596
JACKSON SAID,
"VERY COMMENDABLE,
VERY COMMENDABLE."
114
00:07:16,763 --> 00:07:18,223
AND THEN PUT HIM
OUT OF HIS MIND.
115
00:07:20,809 --> 00:07:22,144
MAN: "ALL OLD JACKSON GAVE US
116
00:07:22,310 --> 00:07:25,313
"WAS A MUSKET, 100 ROUNDS,
AND A GUM BLANKET,
117
00:07:25,480 --> 00:07:27,983
AND HE DROVE US LIKE HELL."
118
00:07:28,150 --> 00:07:29,651
NARRATOR: HIS MEN
DID NOT LOVE HIM.
119
00:07:29,818 --> 00:07:33,989
HE WAS TOO GRIM, TOO REMOTE,
AND HE DEMANDED TOO MUCH.
120
00:07:34,156 --> 00:07:35,907
SOME THOUGHT HIM MAD.
121
00:07:36,074 --> 00:07:38,410
HE BELIEVED THAT ONLY BY
KEEPING ONE HAND IN THE AIR
122
00:07:38,577 --> 00:07:41,580
COULD HE STOP HIMSELF
FROM GOING OUT OF BALANCE.
123
00:07:41,747 --> 00:07:43,540
AND HE SUCKED
CONSTANTLY ON LEMONS,
124
00:07:43,707 --> 00:07:46,209
EVEN IN THE MIDST OF BATTLE.
125
00:07:46,376 --> 00:07:48,128
OTHERS WORRIED
THAT HIS RELIGIOUS FERVOR
126
00:07:48,295 --> 00:07:50,130
WOULD CLOUD HIS JUDGMENT.
127
00:07:50,297 --> 00:07:51,882
HIS COMMAND, JACKSON SAID,
128
00:07:52,049 --> 00:07:54,009
WAS "AN ARMY
OF THE LIVING GOD,
129
00:07:54,176 --> 00:07:57,054
AS WELL AS OF ITS COUNTRY."
130
00:07:57,220 --> 00:07:58,889
BUT HIS MEN
WERE WILLING TO ENDURE
131
00:07:59,056 --> 00:08:01,850
THE 36-MlLE-A-DAY MARCHES
HE DEMANDED
132
00:08:02,017 --> 00:08:03,518
BECAUSE HE
BROUGHT THEM VICTORIES.
133
00:08:08,148 --> 00:08:10,317
IT WAS JACKSON'S DUTY
IN THE SHENANDOAH
134
00:08:10,484 --> 00:08:12,360
TO UNSETTLE THE UNION
135
00:08:12,527 --> 00:08:15,072
AND KEEP WASHINGTON
FROM REINFORCING MCCLELLAN.
136
00:08:18,033 --> 00:08:20,118
OPERATING IN THE MIDST
OF 3 FEDERAL ARMIES,
137
00:08:20,285 --> 00:08:23,538
EACH WITH MORE MEN THAN
HIS OWN FORCE OF 17,000,
138
00:08:23,705 --> 00:08:27,209
JACKSON LASHED OUT
AT ONE ARMY AND THEN ANOTHER.
139
00:08:27,375 --> 00:08:31,296
ARMED WITH A DETAILED MAP
THAT STRETCHED 8 1/2 FEET,
140
00:08:31,463 --> 00:08:33,590
HE SURPRISED THEM
EVERY TIME--
141
00:08:33,757 --> 00:08:35,133
AT WINCHESTER,
142
00:08:35,300 --> 00:08:36,384
FRONT ROYAL,
143
00:08:36,551 --> 00:08:38,011
CROSS KEYS,
144
00:08:38,178 --> 00:08:39,387
PORT REPUBLIC,
145
00:08:39,554 --> 00:08:41,681
AND A HALF DOZEN
OTHER PLACES.
146
00:08:45,143 --> 00:08:47,229
AFTER ROUTING
NATHANIEL BANKS' ARMY
147
00:08:47,395 --> 00:08:48,688
AT THE BATTLE
OF WINCHESTER,
148
00:08:48,855 --> 00:08:51,483
JACKSON CHASED IT
ALL THE WAY TO THE POTOMAC.
149
00:08:51,650 --> 00:08:54,653
"STOP, MEN!" BANKS SHOUTED
TO HIS RETREATING TROOPS.
150
00:08:54,820 --> 00:08:56,530
"DON'T YOU
LOVE YOUR COUNTRY?"
151
00:08:56,696 --> 00:08:58,281
"YES, BY GOD," SAID ONE,
152
00:08:58,448 --> 00:08:59,533
"AND I'M TRYING
TO GET BACK TO IT
153
00:08:59,699 --> 00:09:00,992
JUST AS FAST AS I CAN."
154
00:09:17,008 --> 00:09:19,469
JACKSON'S VALLEY CAMPAIGN
WAS ATRIUMPH.
155
00:09:21,596 --> 00:09:22,597
|N JUST OVER A MONTH,
156
00:09:22,764 --> 00:09:25,392
HIS MEN MARCHED
ALMOST 400 MILES,
157
00:09:25,559 --> 00:09:27,936
INFLICTED
7,000 CASUALTIES,
158
00:09:28,103 --> 00:09:31,231
SEIZED HUGE QUANTITIES
OF BADLY NEEDED SUPPLIES,
159
00:09:31,398 --> 00:09:33,650
AND KEPT ALMOST 40,000
FEDERAL TROOPS
160
00:09:33,817 --> 00:09:34,985
OFF THE PENINSULA.
161
00:09:38,446 --> 00:09:40,949
MAN: "HE WHO DOES NOT SEE
THE HAND OF GOD IN THIS
162
00:09:41,116 --> 00:09:43,410
IS BLIND, SIR, BLIND."
163
00:09:51,376 --> 00:09:53,920
MAN 2: "THERE IS NO DOUBT
THAT JEFFERSON DAVIS
164
00:09:54,087 --> 00:09:55,046
"AND OTHER LEADERS
OF THE SOUTH
165
00:09:55,213 --> 00:09:57,048
"HAVE MADE AN ARMY.
166
00:09:57,215 --> 00:09:59,509
"THEY ARE MAKING,
IT APPEARS, A NAVY,
167
00:09:59,676 --> 00:10:01,970
"AND THEY HAVE MADE
WHAT IS MORE THAN EITHER.
168
00:10:02,137 --> 00:10:04,848
"THEY HAVE MADE A NATION.
169
00:10:05,015 --> 00:10:06,933
"WE MAY ANTICIPATE
WITH CERTAINTY
170
00:10:07,100 --> 00:10:09,477
THE SUCCESS
OF THE SOUTHERN STATES."
171
00:10:09,644 --> 00:10:11,021
WILLIAM E. GLADSTONE.
172
00:10:13,732 --> 00:10:16,067
NARRATOR: CONFEDERATE GOSPEL
HELD THAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE
173
00:10:16,234 --> 00:10:19,821
COULD NOT SURVIVE
WITHOUT SOUTHERN COTTON.
174
00:10:19,988 --> 00:10:22,574
BEFORE LONG, ONE OR BOTH
WOULD SURELY INTERVENE
175
00:10:22,741 --> 00:10:23,992
ON BEHALF
OF THE CONFEDERACY
176
00:10:24,159 --> 00:10:27,078
TO END THE UNION BLOCKADE.
177
00:10:27,245 --> 00:10:28,997
TO PUT MORE PRESSURE
ON EUROPE,
178
00:10:29,164 --> 00:10:33,251
THE CONFEDERATES
CUT COTTON PRODUCTION 90%.
179
00:10:33,418 --> 00:10:35,503
2.5 MILLION BALES
WERE BURNED
180
00:10:35,670 --> 00:10:37,964
OR LEFT TO ROT
ON CONFEDERATE WHARVES
181
00:10:38,131 --> 00:10:41,551
TO KEEP IT
OUT OF ENGLISH HANDS.
182
00:10:41,718 --> 00:10:44,679
NOW, IN ADDITION
TO DIRECTING AWAR AT HOME,
183
00:10:44,846 --> 00:10:46,681
LINCOLN HAD TO FIND A WAY
TO KEEP EUROPE
184
00:10:46,848 --> 00:10:48,767
FROM COMING IN
ON THE SIDE OF THE SOUTH.
185
00:10:52,729 --> 00:10:54,022
AND INCREASINGLY,
IN THE NORTH,
186
00:10:54,189 --> 00:10:56,691
THERE WAS PRESSURE
FOR EMANCIPATION,
187
00:10:56,858 --> 00:10:58,693
AND IT CAME
FROM UNLIKELY PEOPLE
188
00:10:58,860 --> 00:11:00,153
IN UNLIKELY PLACES.
189
00:11:12,958 --> 00:11:15,085
ON MAY1, 1862,
190
00:11:15,252 --> 00:11:17,629
LINCOLN NAMED
GENERAL BENJAMIN F. BUTLER
191
00:11:17,796 --> 00:11:21,633
MILITARY GOVERNOR
OF OCCUPIED NEW ORLEANS.
192
00:11:21,800 --> 00:11:23,343
BUTLER WENT RIGHT TO WORK.
193
00:11:23,510 --> 00:11:24,761
HE HANGED A MAN
194
00:11:24,928 --> 00:11:27,973
SUSPECTED OF HAVING DESECRATED
THE AMERICAN FLAG.
195
00:11:28,139 --> 00:11:30,141
HE CLOSED
A SECESSIONIST NEWSPAPER,
196
00:11:30,308 --> 00:11:31,518
CONFISCATED THE PROPERTY
197
00:11:31,685 --> 00:11:33,520
OF CITIZENS WHO REFUSED
TO SWEAR ALLEGIANCE
198
00:11:33,687 --> 00:11:34,854
TO THE UNION,
199
00:11:35,021 --> 00:11:37,232
AND WAS GIVEN THE SCORNFUL
NICKNAME "SPOONS"
200
00:11:37,399 --> 00:11:39,359
FOR ALLEGEDLY
POCKETING SILVERWARE.
201
00:11:42,737 --> 00:11:46,157
NEW ORLEANS WOMEN ROUTINELY
INSULTED HIS TROOPS.
202
00:11:46,324 --> 00:11:47,534
WHEN AWOMAN
IN THE FRENCH QUARTER
203
00:11:47,701 --> 00:11:49,619
LEANED FROM AWINDOW
TO DUMP HER CHAMBER POT
204
00:11:49,786 --> 00:11:51,788
ON THE HEAD
OF ADMIRAL FARRAGUT,
205
00:11:51,955 --> 00:11:55,542
BUTLER ISSUED
GENERAL ORDER NUMBER 28.
206
00:11:55,709 --> 00:11:59,254
MAN AS BUTLER:
"AS THE OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS
OF THE UNITED STATES
207
00:11:59,421 --> 00:12:02,549
"HAVE BEEN SUBJECT
TO REPEATED INSULTS
208
00:12:02,716 --> 00:12:07,846
"FROM THE WOMEN
CALLING THEMSELVES
LADIES OF NEW ORLEANS,
209
00:12:08,013 --> 00:12:09,931
"IT IS ORDERED THAT,
HEREAFTER,
210
00:12:10,098 --> 00:12:12,600
"WHEN ANY FEMALE SHALL,
211
00:12:12,767 --> 00:12:15,520
"BY WORD, GESTURE,
OR MOVEMENT,
212
00:12:15,687 --> 00:12:18,064
"INSULT OR SHOW CONTEMPT
213
00:12:18,231 --> 00:12:22,736
"FOR ANY OFFICER OR SOLDIER
OF THE UNITED STATES,
214
00:12:22,902 --> 00:12:26,740
"SHE SHALL BE REGARDED
AND HELD LIABLE
215
00:12:26,906 --> 00:12:29,701
"TO BE TREATED
AS A WOMAN OF THE TOWN,
216
00:12:29,868 --> 00:12:33,163
PLYING HER AVOCATION."
217
00:12:33,330 --> 00:12:34,873
GENERAL BENJAMIN BUTLER.
218
00:12:36,875 --> 00:12:38,126
NARRATOR: SOUTHERNERS
WERE OUTRAGED
219
00:12:38,293 --> 00:12:40,211
AND CALLED BUTLER "THE BEAST."
220
00:12:40,378 --> 00:12:42,756
A NEW ORLEANS ENTREPRENEUR
SOLD CHAMBER POTS
221
00:12:42,922 --> 00:12:45,717
FEATURING BUTLER'S PORTRAIT
INSIDE THE BOWL.
222
00:12:47,385 --> 00:12:49,179
IN CHARLESTON,
SOUTH CAROLINA,
223
00:12:49,346 --> 00:12:52,599
A PRIVATE CITIZEN
OFFERED A $10,000 REWARD
224
00:12:52,766 --> 00:12:54,976
FOR THE CAPTURE
OF "BEAST" BEN BUTLER--
225
00:12:55,143 --> 00:12:56,936
DEAD OR ALIVE.
226
00:12:57,103 --> 00:12:59,356
BUT THE HARASSMENT
OF HIS MEN STOPPED.
227
00:13:02,192 --> 00:13:03,985
WITH THE UNION ARMY
SO NEAR,
228
00:13:04,152 --> 00:13:07,572
UNREST ON LOUISIANA
PLANTATIONS INCREASED.
229
00:13:07,739 --> 00:13:08,907
WHEN DESPERATE
SLAVE OWNERS
230
00:13:09,074 --> 00:13:11,534
BEGAN COMPLAINING
OF REBELLIOUS BLACKS,
231
00:13:11,701 --> 00:13:14,913
BUTLER DECLARED THE PLANTERS
DISLOYAL TO THE UNION,
232
00:13:15,080 --> 00:13:17,749
THEN TOOK AWAY
THEIR SLAVES.
233
00:13:17,916 --> 00:13:18,833
"GO TO THE YANKEES,"
234
00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:21,586
ONE SLAVE-HOLDER
TOLD HIS SLAVES.
235
00:13:21,753 --> 00:13:23,004
"THEY ARE KINGS HERE NOW."
236
00:13:25,924 --> 00:13:28,176
WOMAN: "I HAVE BEEN READING
SO MUCH ABOUT THE YANKEES,
237
00:13:28,343 --> 00:13:31,554
"| WAS VERY ANXIOUS
TO SEE THEM.
238
00:13:31,721 --> 00:13:33,098
"THE WHITES WOULD TELL
THEIR COLORED PEOPLE
239
00:13:33,264 --> 00:13:34,516
"NOT TO GO TO THE YANKEES,
240
00:13:34,682 --> 00:13:36,184
"FOR THEY WOULD
HARNESS THEM TO CARTS
241
00:13:36,351 --> 00:13:40,939
"AND MAKE THEM
PULL THE CARTS AROUND
IN PLACE OF HORSES.
242
00:13:41,106 --> 00:13:43,983
"| ASKED GRANDMOTHER
ONE DAY IF THIS WAS TRUE.
243
00:13:44,150 --> 00:13:46,611
"SHE REPLIED, CERTAINLY NOT,
244
00:13:46,778 --> 00:13:47,987
"THAT THE WHITE PEOPLE
245
00:13:48,154 --> 00:13:50,782
"DID NOT WANT SLAVES
TO GO OVER TO THE YANKEES
246
00:13:50,949 --> 00:13:53,284
"AND TOLD THEM THESE THINGS
TO FRIGHTEN THEM.
247
00:13:53,451 --> 00:13:57,330
"| WANTED TO SEE THOSE
WONDERFUL YANKEES SO MUCH,
248
00:13:57,497 --> 00:13:58,915
"AS I HEARD MY PARENTS SAY
249
00:13:59,082 --> 00:14:03,044
THAT THE YANKEES WERE GOING
TO SET ALL THE SLAVES FREE."
250
00:14:03,211 --> 00:14:05,004
SUSAN KING TAYLOR.
251
00:14:08,425 --> 00:14:12,846
FIELDS: THE SLAVES UNDERSTOOD
THAT THAT WAR WAS ABOUT SLAVERY
252
00:14:13,012 --> 00:14:15,765
BEFORE IT WAS A WAR.
253
00:14:15,932 --> 00:14:17,475
THEY MADE A NUISANCE
FOR THE ARMY,
254
00:14:17,642 --> 00:14:20,728
AND THEY ALSO MADE
AN ISSUE THAT THE ARMY
HAD TO DEAL WITH.
255
00:14:20,895 --> 00:14:22,522
AND IF THE ARMY
HAD TO DEAL WITH IT,
256
00:14:22,689 --> 00:14:24,607
THE WAR DEPARTMENT
HAD TO DEAL WITH IT.
257
00:14:24,774 --> 00:14:26,651
IF THE WAR DEPARTMENT
HAD TO DEAL WITH IT,
258
00:14:26,818 --> 00:14:28,528
CONGRESS HAD
TO DEAL WITH IT.
259
00:14:28,695 --> 00:14:30,822
THAT MEANS THAT
EVERY FUGITIVE SLAVE
260
00:14:30,989 --> 00:14:32,949
WHO MADE A NUISANCE
OF HIMSELF
261
00:14:33,116 --> 00:14:34,617
TO THE LOCAL COMMANDER
262
00:14:34,784 --> 00:14:36,953
EVENTUALLY MADE
A FIGURE OF HIMSELF
263
00:14:37,120 --> 00:14:38,913
TO THE CONGRESS
OF THE UNITED STATES.
264
00:14:40,790 --> 00:14:43,001
NARRATOR: CONGRESS,
CONTROLLED BY REPUBLICANS,
265
00:14:43,168 --> 00:14:44,169
NOW FORBADE THE ARMY
266
00:14:44,335 --> 00:14:47,338
TO RETURN SLAVES
TO THEIR MASTERS.
267
00:14:47,505 --> 00:14:48,590
AND IN JUNE,
268
00:14:48,756 --> 00:14:50,967
IT OUTLAWED SLAVERY
IN THE TERRITORIES,
269
00:14:51,134 --> 00:14:54,762
FINALLY REVERSING
THE OLD DRED SCOTT DECISION.
270
00:14:54,929 --> 00:14:57,182
MAN: "ONLY THE DAMNEDEST
OF DAMNED ABOLITIONISTS
271
00:14:57,348 --> 00:14:59,767
"DREAMED OF SUCH THINGS
AYEAR AGO.
272
00:14:59,934 --> 00:15:01,936
"JOHN BROWN'S SOUL
IS MARCHING ON,
273
00:15:02,103 --> 00:15:04,522
WITH THE PEOPLE AFTER IT."
274
00:15:04,689 --> 00:15:05,773
GEORGE TEMPLETON STRONG.
275
00:15:08,276 --> 00:15:10,778
MAN 2: "THE SLAVERY QUESTION
PERPLEXES THE PRESIDENT
276
00:15:10,945 --> 00:15:12,739
"ALMOST AS MUCH AS EVER,
277
00:15:12,906 --> 00:15:14,532
"AND YET I THINK
HE IS ABOUT TO EMERGE
278
00:15:14,699 --> 00:15:15,533
"FROM THE OBSCURITIES
279
00:15:15,700 --> 00:15:17,076
"WHERE HE HAS BEEN GROPING
280
00:15:17,243 --> 00:15:19,579
"INTO SOMEWHAT
CLEARER LIGHT.
281
00:15:19,746 --> 00:15:21,956
SO, YOU SEE,
THE MAN MOVES."
282
00:15:22,123 --> 00:15:23,208
SALMON P. CHASE.
283
00:15:26,002 --> 00:15:29,464
MAN AS LINCOLN: "JULY 4, 1862.
284
00:15:29,631 --> 00:15:30,465
"I WOULD DO IT
285
00:15:30,632 --> 00:15:31,966
"IF I WERE NOT AFRAID
286
00:15:32,133 --> 00:15:34,594
"THAT HALF THE OFFICERS
WOULD FLING DOWN THEIR ARMS
287
00:15:34,761 --> 00:15:36,596
AND 3 MORE STATES
WOULD RISE."
288
00:15:38,848 --> 00:15:40,600
NARRATOR: LINCOLN CONTINUED
TO BACK A PLAN
289
00:15:40,767 --> 00:15:43,937
TO PAY $400
FOR EVERY SLAVE FREED
290
00:15:44,103 --> 00:15:45,605
AND THEN ENCOURAGE
THE FREED MEN
291
00:15:45,772 --> 00:15:48,775
TO SAIL OFF TO A COLONY
IN AFRICA OR CENTRAL AMERICA.
292
00:15:52,320 --> 00:15:53,738
THE ABOLITIONIST
WENDELL PHILLIPS
293
00:15:53,905 --> 00:15:55,240
CALLED ABRAHAM LINCOLN
294
00:15:55,406 --> 00:15:57,283
A FIRST-RATE
SECOND-RATE MAN.
295
00:16:00,745 --> 00:16:02,622
FIELDS: | LOSE PATIENCE
WITH THE ARGUMENT
296
00:16:02,789 --> 00:16:05,667
THAT BECAUSE
OF SOMEONE'S TIME,
297
00:16:05,833 --> 00:16:09,963
HIS LIMITATIONS
ARE THEREFORE EXCUSABLE
OR EVEN PRAISEWORTHY.
298
00:16:10,129 --> 00:16:12,840
IT IS NOT TRUE
THAT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE
299
00:16:13,007 --> 00:16:14,551
IN THAT TIME AND PLACE
300
00:16:14,717 --> 00:16:16,469
TO LOOK ANY HIGHER.
301
00:16:16,636 --> 00:16:18,763
THINK OF
WENDELL PHILLIPS, WHO,
302
00:16:18,930 --> 00:16:21,558
COMMENTING ON
ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S PROPOSAL
303
00:16:21,724 --> 00:16:24,227
TO COLONIZE BLACK PEOPLE
OUT OF THE COUNTRY,
304
00:16:24,394 --> 00:16:25,436
WAS SARCASTIC.
305
00:16:25,603 --> 00:16:28,147
HE SAID,
"COLONIZE THE BLACKS?
306
00:16:28,314 --> 00:16:30,858
"A MAN MIGHT AS WELL
COLONIZE HIS OWN HANDS.
307
00:16:31,025 --> 00:16:32,694
"OR WHEN THE ROBBER
IS IN HIS HOUSE,
308
00:16:32,860 --> 00:16:34,988
HE MIGHT AS WELL
COLONIZE HIS REVOLVER."
309
00:16:38,658 --> 00:16:43,162
MAN: "EMANCIPATION IS
THE DEMAND OF CIVILIZATION.
310
00:16:43,329 --> 00:16:45,790
"THAT IS A PRINCIPLE.
311
00:16:45,957 --> 00:16:49,252
ALL ELSE IS INTRIGUE."
312
00:16:49,419 --> 00:16:50,795
RALPH WALDO EMERSON.
313
00:17:05,101 --> 00:17:08,104
NARRATOR: ON THE VIRGINIA
PENINSULA, THE RAINS CAME,
314
00:17:08,271 --> 00:17:09,939
INUNDATING THE BOTTOMLANDS.
315
00:17:12,734 --> 00:17:14,068
ALONG THE ROADS
OUTSIDE RICHMOND,
316
00:17:14,235 --> 00:17:16,654
GEORGE MCCLELLAN'S FORCE
WAS DIVIDED IN TWO
317
00:17:16,821 --> 00:17:18,323
BY THE FLOODED
CHICKAHOMINY RIVER.
318
00:17:20,325 --> 00:17:21,951
EXPLOSIONS
319
00:17:22,118 --> 00:17:23,244
THE REBELS
SAW THEIR CHANCE
320
00:17:23,411 --> 00:17:25,788
AND ATTACKED THE SMALLER FORCE
ON MAY 31 st.
321
00:17:28,124 --> 00:17:29,500
IN THE FIERCE FIGHTING
THAT FOLLOWED,
322
00:17:29,667 --> 00:17:30,710
THE CONFEDERATES DID BEST
323
00:17:30,877 --> 00:17:33,880
NEAR A CROSSROADS
CALLED SEVEN PINES.
324
00:17:34,047 --> 00:17:35,006
THE UNION SOLDIERS
325
00:17:35,173 --> 00:17:36,924
WERE MOST SUCCESSFUL
AT FAIR OAKS.
326
00:17:47,852 --> 00:17:49,687
WHEN THE BATTLE
OF FAIR OAKS WAS OVER,
327
00:17:49,854 --> 00:17:52,732
THE NORTH HAD LOST
5,000 MEN,
328
00:17:52,899 --> 00:17:54,609
THE SOUTH, 6,000,
329
00:17:54,776 --> 00:17:57,695
AND IT HADN'T
CHANGED ATHING.
330
00:17:57,862 --> 00:17:58,905
JOSEPH JOHNSTON,
331
00:17:59,072 --> 00:18:00,531
THE OVERALL
CONFEDERATE COMMANDER,
332
00:18:00,698 --> 00:18:01,991
WAS HIMSELF
SEVERELY WOUNDED
333
00:18:02,158 --> 00:18:03,242
AND CARRIED
FROM THE FIELD.
334
00:18:05,745 --> 00:18:06,913
MAN: "THE SHOT THAT
STRUCK ME DOWN
335
00:18:07,080 --> 00:18:09,666
"WAS THE BEST EVER FIRED
FOR THE CONFEDERACY,
336
00:18:09,832 --> 00:18:10,875
"FOR I POSSESSED
IN NO DEGREE
337
00:18:11,042 --> 00:18:13,503
"THE CONFIDENCE
OF THE GOVERNMENT,
338
00:18:13,670 --> 00:18:15,838
"AND NOWA MAN
WHO DOES ENJOY IT
WILL SUCCEED ME
339
00:18:16,005 --> 00:18:19,842
AND BE ABLE TO ACCOMPLISH
WHAT I NEVER COULD."
340
00:18:20,009 --> 00:18:21,594
MAN 2: "HIS NAME
MIGHT BE AUDACITY.
341
00:18:21,761 --> 00:18:24,013
"HE WILL TAKE MORE CHANCES
AND TAKE THEM QUICKER,
342
00:18:24,180 --> 00:18:26,015
"THAN ANY OTHER GENERAL
IN THIS COUNTRY,
343
00:18:26,182 --> 00:18:28,810
NORTH OR SOUTH."
344
00:18:28,976 --> 00:18:30,895
NARRATOR: NOW FOR
THE FIRST TIME IN THE WAR,
345
00:18:31,062 --> 00:18:32,480
ROBERT E. LEE WAS PLACED
346
00:18:32,647 --> 00:18:34,023
AT THE HEAD OF A MAJOR ARMY.
347
00:18:37,151 --> 00:18:39,237
MAN: "I PREFER LEE TO JOHNSTON.
348
00:18:39,404 --> 00:18:40,613
"LEE IS TOO CAUTIOUS
349
00:18:40,780 --> 00:18:43,157
"AND WEAK UNDER
GRAVE RESPONSIBILITY.
350
00:18:43,324 --> 00:18:45,451
"PERSONALLY BRAVE
AND ENERGETIC TO A FAULT,
351
00:18:45,618 --> 00:18:47,078
"HE IS YET WANTING
IN MORAL FIRMNESS
352
00:18:47,245 --> 00:18:49,747
WHEN PRESSED
BY HEAVY RESPONSIBILITY."
353
00:18:49,914 --> 00:18:52,709
GEORGE MCCLELLAN.
354
00:18:52,875 --> 00:18:54,460
NARRATOR: MCCLELLAN
COMPLETELY MISJUDGED
355
00:18:54,627 --> 00:18:56,629
THE NEW CONFEDERATE COMMANDER.
356
00:18:56,796 --> 00:18:58,923
ROBERT E. LEE
WAS A FIGHTER.
357
00:18:59,090 --> 00:19:00,591
WANTING TO GET AT
THE UNION MEN
358
00:19:00,758 --> 00:19:02,677
WHO HAD DARED
INVADE HIS STATE,
359
00:19:02,844 --> 00:19:06,139
LEE RENAMED HIS FORCE
THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA,
360
00:19:06,305 --> 00:19:08,766
SEIZED THE INITIATIVE,
AND NEVER LET IT GO.
361
00:19:11,894 --> 00:19:14,772
FIRST, LEE SENT
HIS CAVALRY CHIEF, JEB STUART,
362
00:19:14,939 --> 00:19:17,108
TO RECONNOITER
MCCLELLAN'S FORCES.
363
00:19:17,275 --> 00:19:19,235
STUART NOW LED
1,200 TROOPERS
364
00:19:19,402 --> 00:19:22,780
ON A POUNDING 3-DAY,
150-MILE RIDE
365
00:19:22,947 --> 00:19:24,991
AROUND MCCLELLAN'S
HUGE ARMY.
366
00:19:26,868 --> 00:19:28,745
HIS MEN BURNED
FEDERAL CAMPS,
367
00:19:28,911 --> 00:19:30,705
CUT DOWN TELEGRAPH POLES,
368
00:19:30,872 --> 00:19:32,957
TOOK PRISONERS
AND HORSES AND MULES,
369
00:19:33,124 --> 00:19:35,543
AND SLOWED ONLY
TO ACCEPT BOUQUETS AND KISSES
370
00:19:35,710 --> 00:19:37,628
FROM WOMEN ALONG THE WAY.
371
00:19:37,795 --> 00:19:38,796
IN VAIN PURSUIT
372
00:19:38,963 --> 00:19:40,798
WAS STUART'S
OWN FATHER-lN-LAW,
373
00:19:40,965 --> 00:19:42,759
WHO HAD STAYED LOYAL
TO THE UNION
374
00:19:42,925 --> 00:19:45,094
AND BECOME A GENERAL--
375
00:19:45,261 --> 00:19:48,806
A DECISION STUART SAID
HE WOULD "REGRET BUT ONCE,
376
00:19:48,973 --> 00:19:51,225
AND THAT WILL BE
CONTINUOUSLY."
377
00:20:00,485 --> 00:20:02,236
THROUGHOUT
THE WHOLE CAMPAIGN,
378
00:20:02,403 --> 00:20:03,738
LEE CAREFULLY OBSERVED
379
00:20:03,905 --> 00:20:07,784
MCCLELLAN'S TENTATIVE ADVANCE
UP THE PENINSULA.
380
00:20:07,950 --> 00:20:09,744
AS MCCLELLAN
WAS PREPARING AT LAST
381
00:20:09,911 --> 00:20:11,496
TO LAY SIEGE TO RICHMOND,
382
00:20:11,662 --> 00:20:13,206
LEE SURPRISED HIM FIRST,
383
00:20:13,372 --> 00:20:15,792
AT MECHANICSVILLE
ON JUNE 26th.
384
00:20:15,958 --> 00:20:18,419
IT WAS A DARING MOVE.
385
00:20:18,586 --> 00:20:20,797
DEFYING
ALL MILITARY CONVENTION,
386
00:20:20,963 --> 00:20:23,049
LEE DIVIDED HIS TINY FORCE
387
00:20:23,216 --> 00:20:25,510
AND THEN ATTACKED
THE HUGE UNION ARMY,
388
00:20:25,676 --> 00:20:27,470
GAMBLING THAT MCCLELLAN
WOULD BE TOO CAUTIOUS
389
00:20:27,637 --> 00:20:28,888
TO MOVE INTO RICHMOND.
390
00:20:30,640 --> 00:20:32,517
LEE'S ASSAULT DIDN'T WORK.
391
00:20:32,683 --> 00:20:35,394
HE LOST 1,500 MEN
AT MECHANICSVILLE,
392
00:20:35,561 --> 00:20:37,355
BUT HE WOULD NOT LET UP.
393
00:20:37,522 --> 00:20:39,482
DETERMINED TO DRIVE MCCLELLAN
OUT OF VIRGINIA,
394
00:20:39,649 --> 00:20:41,275
LEE KEPT ON THE ATTACK.
395
00:20:41,442 --> 00:20:42,944
AND 80 IT WENT.
396
00:20:43,110 --> 00:20:46,072
FOR 7 DAYS,
THE TWO ARMIES CLASHED.
397
00:20:46,239 --> 00:20:48,825
FROM GAINE'S MILL...
398
00:20:48,991 --> 00:20:51,994
FROM SAVAGE'S STATION...
399
00:20:52,161 --> 00:20:55,122
TO FRAYSER'S FARM...
400
00:20:55,289 --> 00:20:57,250
AND MALVERN HILL,
401
00:20:57,416 --> 00:20:59,043
WHERE FEDERAL GUNNERS
STOPPED THE CONFEDERATES
402
00:20:59,210 --> 00:21:00,920
WHO CAME AT THEM
UP THE LONG SLOPE.
403
00:21:06,467 --> 00:21:09,262
MAN: "OUR EARS HAD BEEN
FILLED ALL NIGHT
404
00:21:09,428 --> 00:21:13,474
"WITH AGONIZING CRIES
BEFORE THE FOG WAS LIFTED.
405
00:21:13,641 --> 00:21:15,059
"BUT NOW OUR EYES SAW
406
00:21:15,226 --> 00:21:17,103
"THAT 5,000 DEAD
OR WOUNDED MEN
407
00:21:17,270 --> 00:21:19,146
"WERE ON THE GROUND.
408
00:21:19,313 --> 00:21:22,108
"A THIRD OF THEM
WERE DEAD OR DYING,
409
00:21:22,275 --> 00:21:23,901
"BUT ENOUGH OF THEM
WERE ALIVE AND MOVING
410
00:21:24,068 --> 00:21:27,697
TO GIVE THE FIELD
ASINGULAR CRAWLING EFFECT."
411
00:21:32,201 --> 00:21:35,788
WOMAN: "EACH OF THE BATTLES
OF THOSE 7 DAYS
412
00:21:35,955 --> 00:21:37,331
"BROUGHT A HARVEST
OF WOUNDED
413
00:21:37,498 --> 00:21:39,250
"TO OUR HOSPITAL.
414
00:21:39,417 --> 00:21:41,335
"I USED TO
VEIL MYSELF CLOSELY
415
00:21:41,502 --> 00:21:43,546
"AS I WALKED TO
AND FROM MY HOTEL,
416
00:21:43,713 --> 00:21:44,839
"THAT I MIGHT SHUT OUT
417
00:21:45,006 --> 00:21:46,215
"THE DREADFUL SIGHTS.
418
00:21:48,342 --> 00:21:51,429
"ONCE I DID SEE
ONE OF THOSE DREADFUL WAGONS.
419
00:21:51,596 --> 00:21:53,306
"IN IT, A STIFF ARM
WAS RAISED,
420
00:21:53,472 --> 00:21:56,767
"AND IT SHOOK
AS IT WAS DRIVEN
DOWN THE STREET,
421
00:21:56,934 --> 00:21:58,019
"AS THOUGH THE DEAD OWNER
422
00:21:58,185 --> 00:22:00,187
APPEALED TO HEAVEN
FOR VENGEANCE."
423
00:22:21,709 --> 00:22:24,086
NARRATOR: ALL BUT ONE OF
THE BATTLES OF THE 7 DAYS
424
00:22:24,253 --> 00:22:26,213
WERE UNION VICTORIES,
425
00:22:26,380 --> 00:22:29,342
YET MCCLELLAN
TREATED THEM AS DEFEATS,
426
00:22:29,508 --> 00:22:30,843
CONTINUING TO BACK DOWN
427
00:22:31,010 --> 00:22:32,970
UNTIL HE REACHED THE SAFETY
OF FEDERAL GUNBOATS
428
00:22:33,137 --> 00:22:35,890
AT HARRISON'S LANDING
ON THE JAMES RIVER.
429
00:22:36,057 --> 00:22:38,351
UNION OFFICERS URGED
ACOUNTERATTACK.
430
00:22:38,517 --> 00:22:41,062
LEE HAD LOST 20,000 MEN.
431
00:22:41,228 --> 00:22:42,271
MCCLELLAN REFUSED.
432
00:22:44,565 --> 00:22:45,900
ONE OFFICER SUGGESTED
433
00:22:46,067 --> 00:22:47,234
HIS COMMANDER
WAS MOTIVATED
434
00:22:47,401 --> 00:22:49,320
EITHER BY "COWARDICE
OR TREASON."
435
00:22:51,572 --> 00:22:52,865
IN JUST ONE WEEK,
436
00:22:53,032 --> 00:22:56,077
LEE HAD COMPLETELY UNNERVED
THE UNION GENERAL
437
00:22:56,243 --> 00:22:57,745
AND DEMONSTRATED
FOR THE FIRST TIME
438
00:22:57,912 --> 00:23:00,748
THE STRENGTHS THAT
WOULD MAKE HIM A LEGEND--
439
00:23:00,915 --> 00:23:02,792
SURPRISE, AUDACITY,
440
00:23:02,959 --> 00:23:05,461
AND AN EERIE ABILITY
TO READ HIS OPPONENT'S MIND.
441
00:23:07,463 --> 00:23:08,756
IN JUST 7 DAYS,
442
00:23:08,923 --> 00:23:11,258
MCCLELLAN HAD BEEN
TOTALLY OUT-GENERALED.
443
00:23:14,261 --> 00:23:16,973
MAN: "I AM TIRED
OF THE SICKENING SIGHT
OF THE BATTLEFIELD,
444
00:23:17,139 --> 00:23:21,018
"WITH ITS MANGLED CORPSES
AND POOR SUFFERING WOUNDED.
445
00:23:21,185 --> 00:23:22,937
"VICTORY HAS NO CHARMS FOR ME
446
00:23:23,104 --> 00:23:24,480
WHEN PURCHASED AT SUCH COST."
447
00:23:27,566 --> 00:23:28,776
NARRATOR: ON JULY 7th,
448
00:23:28,943 --> 00:23:31,070
AN EXASPERATED LINCOLN
SAILED DOWN TO SEE
449
00:23:31,237 --> 00:23:33,197
HIS COMMANDING GENERAL.
450
00:23:33,364 --> 00:23:35,825
HE HAD NOT LOST,
MCCLELLAN INSISTED.
451
00:23:35,992 --> 00:23:37,868
HE HAD MERELY
FAILED TO WIN.
452
00:23:38,035 --> 00:23:42,164
HE NEEDED 50,000 MORE MEN,
OR PERHAPS 100,000.
453
00:23:42,331 --> 00:23:44,000
NO SUCH NUMBERS
WERE AVAILABLE,
454
00:23:44,166 --> 00:23:46,127
LINCOLN TOLD HIM.
455
00:23:46,293 --> 00:23:47,211
IF MCCLELLAN
DID NOT FEEL
456
00:23:47,378 --> 00:23:49,046
HE COULD RESUME
THE OFFENSIVE,
457
00:23:49,213 --> 00:23:53,092
HIS MEN WOULD BE WITHDRAWN
FROM THE PENINSULA.
458
00:23:53,259 --> 00:23:55,302
MAN AS LINCOLN:
"IF I GAVE MCCLELLAN
ALL THE MEN HE ASKS FOR,
459
00:23:55,469 --> 00:23:57,430
"THEY COULDN'T FIND
ROOM TO LIE DOWN.
460
00:23:57,596 --> 00:23:59,765
"THEY'D HAVE
TO SLEEP STANDING UP.
461
00:23:59,932 --> 00:24:01,100
"SENDING MEN
TO THAT ARMY
462
00:24:01,267 --> 00:24:03,894
"IS LIKE SHOVELING FLEAS
ACROSS A BARNYARD--
463
00:24:04,061 --> 00:24:05,187
NOT HALF OF THEM
GET THERE."
464
00:24:08,607 --> 00:24:10,026
MAN: "SEPTEMBER 3.
465
00:24:10,192 --> 00:24:11,277
"TODAY WE TOOK A STEAMER
466
00:24:11,444 --> 00:24:13,738
"AND WENT UP THE POTOMAC
PAST WASHINGTON
467
00:24:13,904 --> 00:24:15,448
"AND LANDED AT GEORGETOWN.
468
00:24:15,614 --> 00:24:16,824
"IT IS HARD TO HAVE REACHED
469
00:24:16,991 --> 00:24:19,785
"THE POINT WE
STARTED FROM LAST MARCH,
470
00:24:19,952 --> 00:24:22,455
AND RICHMOND IS STILL
THE REBEL CAPITAL."
471
00:24:22,621 --> 00:24:24,040
ELISHA HUNT RHODES.
472
00:25:11,045 --> 00:25:14,965
NARRATOR: UNION GUNS BATTERED
FORT PULASKI, GEORGIA,
INTO SURRENDERING
473
00:25:15,132 --> 00:25:16,258
AND CHOKED OFF
THE SAVANNAH RIVER
474
00:25:16,425 --> 00:25:18,469
TO SOUTHERN SHIPS.
475
00:25:18,636 --> 00:25:19,762
THERE WAS FIGHTING
476
00:25:19,929 --> 00:25:22,431
AT FOYT'S PLANTATION,
NORTH CAROLINA,
477
00:25:22,598 --> 00:25:25,309
ST. ANDREW'S BAY, FLORIDA,
478
00:25:25,476 --> 00:25:27,228
WARTRACE, TENNESSEE,
479
00:25:27,394 --> 00:25:30,356
AND AT ALBUQUERQUE IN FAR-OFF
NEW MEXICO TERRITORY.
480
00:25:35,569 --> 00:25:37,738
MAN: "SEA ISLANDS, GEORGIA.
481
00:25:37,905 --> 00:25:40,241
"HERE IAM,
SURROUNDED BY TROOPERS,
482
00:25:40,407 --> 00:25:42,243
"MISSIONARIES,
CONTRABANDS,
483
00:25:42,409 --> 00:25:44,161
"COTTON FIELDS,
AND SERPENTS,
484
00:25:44,328 --> 00:25:45,871
"IN A SUMMER CLIMATE,
485
00:25:46,038 --> 00:25:48,207
"DISGUSTED WITH
ALL THINGS MILITARY
486
00:25:48,374 --> 00:25:49,959
"AND FIGHTING OFF MALARIA
487
00:25:50,126 --> 00:25:52,753
"WITH WHISKEY AND TOBACCO.
488
00:25:52,920 --> 00:25:56,423
"NO MAN SEEMS
TO REALIZE THAT HERE
IN THIS LITTLE ISLAND,
489
00:25:56,590 --> 00:25:59,135
"ALL AROUND US,
HAS BEGUN THE SOLUTION
490
00:25:59,301 --> 00:26:02,763
"OF THE TREMENDOUS
NIGGER QUESTION.
491
00:26:02,930 --> 00:26:04,890
"SOME 10,000 FORMER SLAVES
492
00:26:05,057 --> 00:26:06,142
"ARE THROWN UPON THE HANDS
493
00:26:06,308 --> 00:26:08,394
"OF THE UNFORTUNATE
GOVERNMENT.
494
00:26:08,561 --> 00:26:09,770
"THEY ARE THE FORERUNNERS
495
00:26:09,937 --> 00:26:12,731
OF HUNDREDS
OF THOUSANDS MORE."
496
00:26:12,898 --> 00:26:16,277
LIEUTENANT
CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS.
497
00:26:16,443 --> 00:26:17,486
NARRATOR: STATIONED IN PLACES
498
00:26:17,653 --> 00:26:19,780
LIKE HILTON HEAD
AND BEAUFORT,
499
00:26:19,947 --> 00:26:23,284
NEW ENGLANDERS GOT THEIR
FIRST TASTE OF THE TROPICS.
500
00:26:23,450 --> 00:26:25,286
NONE OF
THE 2nd MASSACHUSETTS
501
00:26:25,452 --> 00:26:28,789
HAD EVER SEEN
A PALM TREE BEFORE.
502
00:26:28,956 --> 00:26:32,334
WHEN UNION FORCES TOOK PARTS
OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST,
503
00:26:32,501 --> 00:26:34,295
PLANTATION OWNERS FLED,
504
00:26:34,461 --> 00:26:38,007
LEAVING BEHIND EMPTY HOUSES
AND 10,000 SLAVES.
505
00:26:40,676 --> 00:26:43,220
MISSIONARIES, TEACHERS,
AND OTHER VOLUNTEERS
506
00:26:43,387 --> 00:26:46,432
SOON ARRIVED TO HELP
THE NEWLY-LIBERATED.
507
00:26:46,599 --> 00:26:48,976
"WE HAVE COME TO DO
ANTISLAVERY WORK,"
508
00:26:49,143 --> 00:26:50,519
ONE TEACHER WROTE.
509
00:26:50,686 --> 00:26:52,313
"WE THINK IT NOBLE WORK,
510
00:26:52,479 --> 00:26:53,939
AND WE WILL DO IT NOBLY."
511
00:26:58,944 --> 00:27:00,905
MAN: "MY DEAR WIFE,
512
00:27:01,071 --> 00:27:03,324
"THIS DAY
I CAN ADDRESS YOU,
513
00:27:03,490 --> 00:27:06,660
"THANK GOD, AS A FREE MAN.
514
00:27:06,827 --> 00:27:08,495
"I HAD A LITTLE TROUBLE
GETTING AWAY,
515
00:27:08,662 --> 00:27:13,375
"BUT AS THE LORD LED
THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL
TO THE LAND OF CANAAN,
516
00:27:13,542 --> 00:27:16,086
"SO HE LED ME TO A LAND
WHERE FREEDOM WILL REIGN
517
00:27:16,253 --> 00:27:19,465
"IN SPITE OF EARTH AND HELL.
518
00:27:19,632 --> 00:27:22,843
"MY DEAR, | TRUST
THE TIME WILL COME
519
00:27:23,010 --> 00:27:25,179
"WHEN WE WILL MEET AGAIN.
520
00:27:25,346 --> 00:27:27,223
"AND IF WE
DON'T MEET ON EARTH,
521
00:27:27,389 --> 00:27:31,310
"WE WILL MEET IN HEAVEN,
WHERE JESUS REIGNS.
522
00:27:31,477 --> 00:27:34,188
"DEAR WIFE, I MUST CLOSE.
523
00:27:34,355 --> 00:27:38,317
"REST YOURSELF CONTENTED.
IAM FREE.
524
00:27:38,484 --> 00:27:40,319
"YOUR AFFECTIONATE HUSBAND.
525
00:27:40,486 --> 00:27:42,029
KISS DANIEL FOR ME."
526
00:27:42,196 --> 00:27:43,197
JOHN BOSTON.
527
00:27:48,494 --> 00:27:49,870
NARRATOR: AT DEER ISLE, MAINE,
528
00:27:50,037 --> 00:27:52,081
PEOPLE WERE AFRAID TO GO
TO THE POST OFFICE,
529
00:27:52,248 --> 00:27:54,041
WHERE THE CASUALTY LISTS
WERE POSTED.
530
00:27:56,252 --> 00:27:58,128
MAN: "NEW BERNE,
NORTH CAROLINA.
531
00:27:58,295 --> 00:28:00,965
"MARCH 20, 1862.
532
00:28:01,131 --> 00:28:03,175
"TO MR. JOHN WEBSTER, JR.,
533
00:28:03,342 --> 00:28:04,760
"DEER ISLE, MAINE.
534
00:28:04,927 --> 00:28:05,928
"DEAR SIR...
535
00:28:08,222 --> 00:28:09,306
"IT IS WITH PAIN
536
00:28:09,473 --> 00:28:11,225
"THAT I HAVE
TO ANNOUNCE TO YOU
537
00:28:11,392 --> 00:28:15,187
"THE DEATH OF YOUR
BROTHER CHARLES GRAY.
538
00:28:15,354 --> 00:28:16,230
"BY HIS GOOD CONDUCT
539
00:28:16,397 --> 00:28:17,856
"AND BRAVERY WHILE WITH ME,
540
00:28:18,023 --> 00:28:20,150
"HE HAD RISEN
TO THE RANK OF CORPORAL,
541
00:28:20,317 --> 00:28:23,404
"AND HAD HE LIVED,
| SHOULD HAVE
PROMOTED HIM AGAIN.
542
00:28:23,570 --> 00:28:24,822
"HE WAS SHOT
THROUGH THE BODY
543
00:28:24,989 --> 00:28:26,824
"AT THE BATTLE
OF NEW BERNE.
544
00:28:26,991 --> 00:28:30,494
"HIS LAST WORDS WERE,
WE WILL NEVER GIVE UP.
545
00:28:30,661 --> 00:28:32,746
"HE IS BURIED HERE.
546
00:28:32,913 --> 00:28:34,415
"HIS EFFECTS
| SHALL SEND HOME
547
00:28:34,581 --> 00:28:37,209
"AT THE EARLIEST OPPORTUNITY.
548
00:28:37,376 --> 00:28:39,795
"YOURS TRULY,
E.A.P. BREWSTER,
549
00:28:39,962 --> 00:28:43,299
"CAPTAIN COMMANDING
COMPANY 'A',
550
00:28:43,465 --> 00:28:44,758
23rd MASSACHUSETTS."
551
00:28:48,554 --> 00:28:51,974
NARRATOR: DEER ISLE HAD LOST
ITS FIRST SOLDIER.
552
00:28:52,141 --> 00:28:54,727
A PARCEL CONTAINING
CHARLES GRAY'S PERSONAL EFFECTS
553
00:28:54,893 --> 00:28:57,313
ARRIVED IN THE MAIL--
554
00:28:57,479 --> 00:29:00,691
HIS HAT, PROMOTION PAPERS
ATTESTING TO HIS VALOR,
555
00:29:00,858 --> 00:29:01,692
AND A CARTRIDGE BOX
556
00:29:01,859 --> 00:29:02,818
IN WHICH
SOMEONE HAD PLACED
557
00:29:02,985 --> 00:29:05,654
THE MANGLED BULLET
THAT KILLED HIM.
558
00:29:05,821 --> 00:29:07,364
HIS MOTHER REFUSED
TO LOOK AT IT.
559
00:29:10,159 --> 00:29:11,994
THE MEN OF
THE REDUCED FISHING FLEET
560
00:29:12,161 --> 00:29:13,954
STRUGGLED TO HARVEST
A CATCH.
561
00:29:14,121 --> 00:29:15,664
WIVES TENDED KITCHEN GARDENS
562
00:29:15,831 --> 00:29:16,999
AND SCRAPED LINEN FOR THE LINT
563
00:29:17,166 --> 00:29:19,043
FROM WHICH ARMY BANDAGES
WERE MADE.
564
00:29:21,795 --> 00:29:23,505
MORE BAD NEWS ARRIVED.
565
00:29:23,672 --> 00:29:25,632
PRIVATE ALEX HENDERSON
HAD DIED OF DISEASE
566
00:29:25,799 --> 00:29:28,302
AT FORT JACKSON, LOUISIANA,
567
00:29:28,469 --> 00:29:30,012
LEAVING AWIDOW
AND SEVERAL CHILDREN.
568
00:29:35,434 --> 00:29:36,852
AT CLARKSVILLE, TENNESSEE,
569
00:29:37,019 --> 00:29:38,395
TENSIONS
BETWEEN THE TOWN
570
00:29:38,562 --> 00:29:40,981
AND THE OCCUPYING
UNION ARMY RAN HIGH.
571
00:29:43,067 --> 00:29:45,444
FEDERAL TROOPS VANDALIZED
STEWART COLLEGE,
572
00:29:45,611 --> 00:29:47,863
WRECKING LABORATORIES
AND STEALING BOOKS,
573
00:29:48,030 --> 00:29:51,325
THEN SET UP
HEADQUARTERS THERE.
574
00:29:51,492 --> 00:29:53,619
SOLDIERS BURST IN
ON A CHURCH SERVICE,
575
00:29:53,786 --> 00:29:56,538
ARRESTED THE PREACHER,
COMMANDEERED HORSES,
576
00:29:56,705 --> 00:29:58,499
AND FORCED
RELUCTANT PARISHIONERS
577
00:29:58,665 --> 00:29:59,875
TO TAKE A LOYALTY OATH.
578
00:30:02,127 --> 00:30:04,880
AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE,
THE RESIDENTS STAYED AT HOME.
579
00:30:17,684 --> 00:30:20,270
THE ANSWER TO--
A SOUTHERNER WOULD GIVE YOU
580
00:30:20,437 --> 00:30:22,773
AS TO WHY ARE
YOU FIGHTING IF
YOU WERE A NORTHERNER--
581
00:30:22,940 --> 00:30:25,567
HE WOULD SAY,
"I'M FIGHTING 'CAUSE
YOU'RE DOWN HERE."
582
00:30:25,734 --> 00:30:27,069
HE WAS BEING INVADED,
583
00:30:27,236 --> 00:30:29,738
AND HE FOUGHT,
AS HE THOUGHT,
TO DEFEND HIS HOME.
584
00:30:29,905 --> 00:30:31,865
LINCOLN HAD
A MUCH MORE DIFFICULT JOB
585
00:30:32,032 --> 00:30:33,075
OF SENDING MEN OUT
586
00:30:33,242 --> 00:30:37,663
TO SHOOT UP
SOMEBODY ELSE'S HOME.
587
00:30:37,830 --> 00:30:41,333
AND HE HAD TO UNITE THEM
BEFORE HE COULD DO THAT.
588
00:30:41,500 --> 00:30:42,960
AND HIS WAY OF DOING IT
WAS DOUBLE.
589
00:30:43,127 --> 00:30:47,297
ONE WAS TO SAY
THAT THE REPUBLIC
MUST BE PRESERVED,
590
00:30:47,464 --> 00:30:49,299
NOT SPLIT IN TWO.
THAT WAS ONE.
591
00:30:49,466 --> 00:30:52,094
AND THE OTHER ONE
HE GAVE THEM AS A CAUSE--
592
00:30:52,261 --> 00:30:55,556
THE FREEING OF THE SLAVES.
593
00:30:55,722 --> 00:30:59,101
NARRATOR: ON THE MORNING
OF JULY 22, 1862,
594
00:30:59,268 --> 00:31:01,854
THE PRESIDENT CALLED
ACABINET MEETING.
595
00:31:02,020 --> 00:31:05,482
WHAT HE SAID
TOOK EVERYONE BY SURPRISE.
596
00:31:05,649 --> 00:31:07,818
AFTER LONG THOUGHT,
HE TOLD THEM,
597
00:31:07,985 --> 00:31:10,195
HE HAD DECIDED
TO EMANCIPATE THE SLAVES.
598
00:31:13,115 --> 00:31:15,868
MAN: IT WAS A STUNNING MOMENT.
599
00:31:16,034 --> 00:31:17,453
IT WAS AGAINST EVERYTHING
600
00:31:17,619 --> 00:31:21,290
LINCOLN HAD PROMISED
ALL THE REPUBLICANS
601
00:31:21,457 --> 00:31:23,375
AND INDEED THE COUNTRY--
602
00:31:23,542 --> 00:31:25,836
THAT HE WOULD NOT
BECOME AN ABOLITIONIST,
603
00:31:26,003 --> 00:31:29,298
HE WOULD NOT STRIKE AT SLAVERY
WHERE IT EXISTED.
604
00:31:29,465 --> 00:31:31,425
AND HERE, SUDDENLY,
HE WAS CHANGING
605
00:31:31,592 --> 00:31:32,676
THE CHARACTER OF THE WAR.
606
00:31:34,761 --> 00:31:36,805
NARRATOR: BUT SECRETARY
OF STATE SEWARD WORRIED
607
00:31:36,972 --> 00:31:39,433
THAT UNTIL THE ARMY HAD WON
A REAL VICTORY,
608
00:31:39,600 --> 00:31:40,976
EMANCIPATION WOULD SEEM LIKE
609
00:31:41,143 --> 00:31:44,646
THE LAST SHRIEK
ON THE RETREAT.
610
00:31:44,813 --> 00:31:46,982
LINCOLN AGREED
TO WAIT FOR A VICTORY.
611
00:31:50,110 --> 00:31:52,488
FIELDS: IT'S HARD TO SEPARATE
ONE ISSUE FROM ANOTHER.
612
00:31:52,654 --> 00:31:55,991
OBVIOUSLY, LINCOLN
HAD TO WIN THE WAR.
613
00:31:56,158 --> 00:31:59,745
HE HAD TO KEEP
HIS RESPECTABILITY
614
00:31:59,912 --> 00:32:01,121
AS PRESIDENT OF A COUNTRY
615
00:32:01,288 --> 00:32:03,665
THAT WOULD NOT ALLOW ITSELF
TO BE DEFEATED
616
00:32:03,832 --> 00:32:05,667
BY A GROUP OF REBELS.
617
00:32:05,834 --> 00:32:07,628
SO THAT WAS ALWAYS AN ISSUE,
618
00:32:07,794 --> 00:32:11,924
AND IT WAS
ESPECIALLY AN ISSUE,
OF COURSE, IN 1862.
619
00:32:12,090 --> 00:32:15,010
HE COULD NOT LET HIMSELF
BE MADE A FOOL
620
00:32:15,177 --> 00:32:16,970
AND THE UNION BE MADE A FOOL
621
00:32:17,137 --> 00:32:18,514
BY STANDING UP FOR PRINCIPLES
622
00:32:18,680 --> 00:32:20,891
THAT COULD NOT BE VINDICATED
ON THE BATTLEFIELD.
623
00:32:24,186 --> 00:32:29,024
WOMAN: J‘ I HAVE READ
A FIERY GOSPEL J‘
624
00:32:29,191 --> 00:32:34,488
J‘ WRIT IN BURNISHED
ROWS OF STEEL J‘
625
00:32:34,655 --> 00:32:39,034
J‘ AS YE DEAL
WITH MY CONTEMNERS J‘
626
00:32:39,201 --> 00:32:44,540
J‘ 80 WITH YOU
MY GRACE SHALL DEAL J‘
627
00:32:44,706 --> 00:32:49,586
J‘ LET THE HERO BORN OF WOMAN J‘
628
00:32:49,753 --> 00:32:54,550
J‘ CRUSH THE SERPENT
WITH HIS HEEL J‘
629
00:32:54,716 --> 00:33:02,933
J‘ SINCE GOD IS MARCHING ON J‘
630
00:33:18,699 --> 00:33:21,827
NARRATOR:
DESPERATE FOR AVICTORY,
LINCOLN REMOVED MCCLELLAN
631
00:33:21,994 --> 00:33:26,456
AND PUT TALL, BOMBASTIC
JOHN POPE IN COMMAND.
632
00:33:26,623 --> 00:33:27,791
POPE SO OFTEN BRAGGED
633
00:33:27,958 --> 00:33:29,876
THAT HIS HEADQUARTERS
WERE IN THE SADDLE,
634
00:33:30,043 --> 00:33:32,254
PEOPLE BEGAN TO SAY
HE HAD HIS HEADQUARTERS
635
00:33:32,421 --> 00:33:35,882
WHERE HIS HINDQUARTERS
SHOULD HAVE BEEN.
636
00:33:36,049 --> 00:33:37,593
FOOTE: LINCOLN WAS WARNED
AT THE START
637
00:33:37,759 --> 00:33:41,680
THAT POPE WAS NOT
TO BE TRUSTED WITH
TELLING THE TRUTH.
638
00:33:41,847 --> 00:33:44,891
AND LINCOLN SAID,
"I'VE KNOWN THE POPES
BACK IN ILLINOIS.
639
00:33:45,058 --> 00:33:47,603
"KNOWN ALL OF THEM.
THEY'RE ALL LIARS
AND BRAGGARTS,
640
00:33:47,769 --> 00:33:50,606
"BUT I DON'T KNOW
OF ANY PARTICULAR REASON
WHY A L|AR AND A BRAGGART
641
00:33:50,772 --> 00:33:52,941
SHOULDN'T MAKE
A GOOD GENERAL."
642
00:33:53,108 --> 00:33:54,651
EXPLOSIONS
643
00:33:54,818 --> 00:33:57,863
NARRATOR: POPE WASTED NO TIME
CHARGING INTO NORTHERN VIRGINIA
644
00:33:58,030 --> 00:33:59,740
AFTER THE REBEL ARMIES,
645
00:33:59,906 --> 00:34:02,618
BUT HE WAS IN TROUBLE
FROM THE START.
646
00:34:02,784 --> 00:34:05,287
FIRST, STONEWALL JACKSON
FOUGHT HIM TO A STAND-OFF
647
00:34:05,454 --> 00:34:06,788
AT CEDAR MOUNTAIN.
648
00:34:06,955 --> 00:34:08,457
JEB STUART HIT HIM NEXT,
649
00:34:08,624 --> 00:34:09,625
RAIDING HIS HEADQUARTERS
650
00:34:09,791 --> 00:34:12,753
AND GETTING AWAY
WITH $35,000 IN CASH
651
00:34:12,919 --> 00:34:16,298
AND THE UNION COMMANDER'S
DRESS COAT.
652
00:34:16,465 --> 00:34:18,550
THEN THE REBELS
SIMPLY DISAPPEARED.
653
00:34:22,471 --> 00:34:24,556
IT TOOK POPE
TWO DAYS TO FIND THEM,
654
00:34:24,723 --> 00:34:26,767
DUG IN ALONG
AN ABANDONED RAILROAD
655
00:34:26,933 --> 00:34:30,270
OVERLOOKING THE OLD
BULL RUN BATTLEFIELD.
656
00:34:30,437 --> 00:34:32,064
EXPLOSIONS
657
00:34:32,230 --> 00:34:34,816
ON AUGUST 29th,
POPE ATTACKED,
658
00:34:34,983 --> 00:34:37,944
PROMISING TO "BAG
THE WHOLE CROWD."
659
00:34:38,111 --> 00:34:39,738
BUT THE CONFEDERATES HELD,
660
00:34:39,905 --> 00:34:42,908
JACKSON'S MEN HURLING ROCKS
WHEN AMMUNITION RAN LOW.
661
00:34:46,703 --> 00:34:48,330
AT 2:00 THE NEXT AFTERNOON,
662
00:34:48,497 --> 00:34:50,582
CONFEDERATE GENERAL
JAMES LONGSTREET
663
00:34:50,749 --> 00:34:53,669
SENT 5 DIVISIONS
STORMING INTO THE UNION FLANK.
664
00:34:56,588 --> 00:34:58,465
IT WAS ANOTHER
UNION DISASTER.
665
00:35:06,765 --> 00:35:09,976
25,000 MEN WERE KILLED,
WOUNDED, OR MISSING
666
00:35:10,143 --> 00:35:12,312
AT SECOND BULL RUN,
667
00:35:12,479 --> 00:35:13,480
FIVE TIMES THE FIGURE
668
00:35:13,647 --> 00:35:15,440
THAT HAD SO HORRIFIED
THE COUNTRY
669
00:35:15,607 --> 00:35:19,277
THE FIRST TIME
NORTH AND SOUTH FOUGHT THERE.
670
00:35:19,444 --> 00:35:21,738
LINCOLN SENT POPE WEST
TO MINNESOTA
671
00:35:21,905 --> 00:35:24,282
TO DEAL WITH AN UPRISING
AMONG THE SIOUX
672
00:35:24,449 --> 00:35:26,368
AND RELUCTANTLY
PUT GEORGE MCCLELLAN
673
00:35:26,535 --> 00:35:28,662
BACK IN COMMAND.
674
00:35:28,829 --> 00:35:30,539
"WE MUST USE
THE TOOLS WE HAVE,"
675
00:35:30,706 --> 00:35:31,581
LINCOLN SAID.
676
00:35:35,043 --> 00:35:36,545
MCCLELLAN TOLD HIS WIFE
677
00:35:36,712 --> 00:35:38,547
HE HAD BEEN CALLED UPON
TO SAVE THE COUNTRY
678
00:35:38,714 --> 00:35:39,673
ONCE AGAIN.
679
00:35:48,890 --> 00:35:50,350
MAN: "WE WOULD ASK
THE NORTH CAROLINIANS
680
00:35:50,517 --> 00:35:51,893
"IF THEY HAD ANY TAR
681
00:35:52,060 --> 00:35:54,062
"AND CALL THEM TAR HEELS.
682
00:35:54,229 --> 00:35:56,648
"THEY WOULD REPLY
THAT THEY WERE JUST OUT
683
00:35:56,815 --> 00:35:59,317
"AS THEY HAD LET US VIRGINIANS
HAVE ALL THEY HAD
684
00:35:59,484 --> 00:36:01,778
"TO MAKE US STICK
IN THE LAST FIGHT
685
00:36:01,945 --> 00:36:03,488
"AND CALL US SORE BACKS,
686
00:36:03,655 --> 00:36:05,365
"AS THEY'D KNOCKED ALL
THE SKIN OFF OUR BACKS
687
00:36:05,532 --> 00:36:07,576
"RUNNING OVER US
TO GET INTO BATTLE.
688
00:36:07,743 --> 00:36:10,454
"AND 80 IT WOULD GO,
BUT ALL IN THE BEST OF HUMOR,
689
00:36:10,620 --> 00:36:12,622
KNOWING THAT ALL
DID THEIR DUTY."
690
00:36:12,789 --> 00:36:17,586
JOHN CASLER, 33rd REGIMENT,
VIRGINIA INFANTRY,
STONEWALL'S BRIGADE.
691
00:36:17,753 --> 00:36:20,797
FOOTE: YOU MUST REMEMBER
THEY WERE ALL FROM
THE SAME STATE.
692
00:36:20,964 --> 00:36:23,425
THEY HAD FOLLOWED
THE SAME FLAG.
693
00:36:23,592 --> 00:36:25,302
THE BATTLES THEY
HAD FOUGHT IN,
694
00:36:25,469 --> 00:36:27,429
THE NAMES WERE STITCHED
ON THAT FLAG.
695
00:36:27,596 --> 00:36:29,681
AND THERE WAS A GREAT
DEAL OF UNIT PRIDE.
696
00:36:29,848 --> 00:36:31,266
AND I'M SURE THERE WAS
A GREAT DEAL OF SADNESS
697
00:36:31,433 --> 00:36:33,935
OVER THE LOSSES
THAT THEY SUFFERED.
698
00:36:34,102 --> 00:36:36,313
BUT THERE WAS A CLOSENESS
AMONG THOSE MEN
699
00:36:36,480 --> 00:36:39,441
THAT CAME FROM YEARS
OF BEING EXPOSED
700
00:36:39,608 --> 00:36:42,652
TO THE MOST HORRENDOUS
WARFARE THAT I KNOW OF.
701
00:36:44,613 --> 00:36:46,490
MAN: "DEAR FATHER,
THE NEXT MORNING,
702
00:36:46,656 --> 00:36:48,742
"WE HAD OUR SECOND BATTLE.
703
00:36:48,909 --> 00:36:50,452
"IT WAS RATHER STRANGE MUSIC
704
00:36:50,619 --> 00:36:53,955
"TO HEAR THE BALLS SCREAM
WITHIN AN INCH OF MY HEAD.
705
00:36:54,122 --> 00:36:55,791
"I HAD A BULLET STRIKE ME
ON TOP OF THE HEAD
706
00:36:55,957 --> 00:36:57,417
"JUST AS I WAS GOING TO FIRE,
707
00:36:57,584 --> 00:37:00,295
"AND A PIECE OF SHELL
STRUCK MY FOOT.
708
00:37:00,462 --> 00:37:03,381
"A BALL HIT MY FINGER,
AND ANOTHER HIT MY THUMB.
709
00:37:03,548 --> 00:37:05,383
"THE FIRING INCREASED TENFOLD,
710
00:37:05,550 --> 00:37:07,719
"THEN IT SOUNDED LIKE
THE ROLLS OF THUNDER,
711
00:37:07,886 --> 00:37:09,638
"AND ALL THE TIME
EVERY MAN SHOUTING
712
00:37:09,805 --> 00:37:12,265
"AS LOUD AS HE COULD.
713
00:37:12,432 --> 00:37:13,600
"I GOT RATHER MORE EXCITED
714
00:37:13,767 --> 00:37:14,976
THAN | WISH TO AGAIN."
715
00:37:18,063 --> 00:37:19,272
MAN 2: "I SAW THE BODY
716
00:37:19,439 --> 00:37:21,775
"OF A MAN KILLED
THE PREVIOUS DAY THIS MORNING,
717
00:37:21,942 --> 00:37:24,402
"AND A HORRIBLE SIGHT IT WAS.
718
00:37:24,569 --> 00:37:27,739
"SUCH SIGHTS DO NOT AFFECT ME
AS THEY ONCE DID.
719
00:37:27,906 --> 00:37:29,616
"I CANNOT DESCRIBE
THE CHANGE,
720
00:37:29,783 --> 00:37:31,660
"NOR DO I KNOW
WHEN IT TOOK PLACE,
721
00:37:31,827 --> 00:37:33,662
"YET I KNOW
THERE IS A CHANGE,
722
00:37:33,829 --> 00:37:35,872
"FOR I LOOK ON
THE CARCASS OF A MAN NOW
723
00:37:36,039 --> 00:37:38,500
"WITH PRETTY MUCH
THE SAME FEELING AS I WOULD DO
724
00:37:38,667 --> 00:37:40,210
WERE IT A HORSE OR A HOG."
725
00:37:43,171 --> 00:37:46,675
MAN AS RHODES: "SUNDAY
A SOLDIER OF COMPANY 'A'
DIED AND WAS BURIED.
726
00:37:46,842 --> 00:37:49,469
"EVERYTHING WENT ON AS IF
NOTHING HAD HAPPENED,
727
00:37:49,636 --> 00:37:53,515
"FOR DEATH IS SO COMMON THAT
LITTLE SENTIMENT IS WASTED.
728
00:37:53,682 --> 00:37:56,810
IT IS NOT LIKE
DEATH AT HOME."
729
00:37:56,977 --> 00:37:58,144
ELISHA HUNT RHODES.
730
00:38:04,401 --> 00:38:06,528
NARRATOR: FALLING BACK
FROM THE BULL RUN BATTLEFIELD,
731
00:38:06,695 --> 00:38:09,281
UNION TROOPS SKIRMISHED BRIEFLY
WITH REBEL FORCES
732
00:38:09,447 --> 00:38:11,283
AT FALLS CHURCH, VIRGINIA,
733
00:38:11,449 --> 00:38:12,617
WHERE THE MEN
STOPPED LONG ENOUGH
734
00:38:12,784 --> 00:38:14,911
TO SCRIBBLE THEIR NAMES
ON THE CHAPEL WALLS.
735
00:38:17,455 --> 00:38:18,874
"IN GREAT CONTESTS,"
736
00:38:19,040 --> 00:38:21,501
ABRAHAM LINCOLN WROTE
AS THE SUMMER WANED,
737
00:38:21,668 --> 00:38:23,712
"EACH PARTY CLAIMS TO ACT
IN ACCORDANCE
738
00:38:23,879 --> 00:38:26,673
"WITH THE WILL OF GOD.
739
00:38:26,840 --> 00:38:31,469
"BOTH MAY BE,
BUT ONE MUST BE, WRONG.
740
00:38:31,636 --> 00:38:34,639
"GOD CANNOT BE FOR
AND AGAINST THE SAME THING
741
00:38:34,806 --> 00:38:35,807
AT THE SAME TIME."
742
00:38:42,439 --> 00:38:44,900
MAN: "AUGUST 20, 1862.
743
00:38:45,066 --> 00:38:48,236
AN OPEN LETTER
TO THE PRESIDENT."
744
00:38:48,403 --> 00:38:50,280
"WE THINK YOU ARE
UNDULY INFLUENCED
745
00:38:50,447 --> 00:38:53,283
"BY THE COUNSELS OF CERTAIN
FOSSIL POLITICIANS
746
00:38:53,450 --> 00:38:55,744
"HAILING
FROM BORDER SLAVE STATES.
747
00:38:55,911 --> 00:38:57,787
"WE ASK YOU TO CONSIDER
THAT SLAVERY
748
00:38:57,954 --> 00:39:01,875
"IS EVERYWHERE
THE INCITING CAUSE
AND SUSTAINING BASE
749
00:39:02,042 --> 00:39:03,293
"OF TREASON.
750
00:39:03,460 --> 00:39:06,254
"IT SEEMS TO US
THE MOST OBVIOUS TRUTH
751
00:39:06,421 --> 00:39:09,257
"THAT WHATEVER STRENGTHENS
OR FORTIFIES SLAVERY
752
00:39:09,424 --> 00:39:10,759
"DRIVES HOME THE WEDGE
753
00:39:10,926 --> 00:39:13,637
INTENDED TO DIVIDE THE UNION."
754
00:39:13,803 --> 00:39:16,473
HORACE GREELEY.
755
00:39:16,640 --> 00:39:19,643
MAN AS LINCOLN: "AUGUST 22nd.
756
00:39:19,809 --> 00:39:22,437
"MY PARAMOUNT OBJECT
IN THIS STRUGGLE
757
00:39:22,604 --> 00:39:24,522
"IS TO SAVE THE UNION
758
00:39:24,689 --> 00:39:26,441
"AND IS NOT EITHER TO SAVE
759
00:39:26,608 --> 00:39:29,152
"OR TO DESTROY SLAVERY.
760
00:39:29,319 --> 00:39:31,279
"IF I COULD SAVE THE UNION
761
00:39:31,446 --> 00:39:33,865
"WITHOUT FREEING ANY SLAVE,
I WOULD DO IT.
762
00:39:34,032 --> 00:39:36,284
"IF I COULD SAVE IT
BY FREEING ALL THE SLAVES,
763
00:39:36,451 --> 00:39:37,535
"I WOULD DO IT.
764
00:39:37,702 --> 00:39:39,746
"AND IF I COULD SAVE IT
BY FREEING SOME
765
00:39:39,913 --> 00:39:41,623
"AND LEAVING OTHERS ALONE,
766
00:39:41,790 --> 00:39:42,958
I WOULD ALSO DO THAT."
767
00:39:48,338 --> 00:39:50,799
MAN: "|T SEEMS TO ME THAT
TIME IS FAST APPROACHING
768
00:39:50,966 --> 00:39:52,634
"WHEN SOME JOINT OFFER
OF MEDIATION
769
00:39:52,801 --> 00:39:54,803
"BY ENGLAND, FRANCE,
AND RUSSIA
770
00:39:54,970 --> 00:39:57,681
"MIGHT BE MADE WITH
SOME PROSPECT OF SUCCESS
771
00:39:57,847 --> 00:40:00,892
"TO THE COMBATANTS
IN NORTH AMERICA.
772
00:40:01,059 --> 00:40:02,644
"THE PROPOSAL WOULD
NATURALLY BE MADE
773
00:40:02,811 --> 00:40:04,646
"TO BOTH NORTH AND SOUTH.
774
00:40:04,813 --> 00:40:07,857
"IF BOTH ACCEPTED,
WE SHOULD RECOMMEND
AN ARMISTICE
775
00:40:08,024 --> 00:40:09,818
"AND CESSATION OF BLOCKADES,
776
00:40:09,985 --> 00:40:11,403
"WITH A VIEW TO NEGOTIATION
777
00:40:11,569 --> 00:40:14,114
ON THE BASIS OF SEPARATION."
778
00:40:14,280 --> 00:40:16,533
PRIME MINISTER PALMERSTON.
779
00:40:16,700 --> 00:40:18,660
NARRATOR: LINCOLN
HAD TO HAVE A VICTORY.
780
00:40:22,914 --> 00:40:25,500
MAN: "SEPTEMBER 3, 1862.
781
00:40:25,667 --> 00:40:26,793
"THE PRESENT SEEMS TO BE
782
00:40:26,960 --> 00:40:28,211
"THE MOST PROPITIOUS TIME
783
00:40:28,378 --> 00:40:30,338
"SINCE THE COMMENCEMENT
OF THE WAR
784
00:40:30,505 --> 00:40:33,717
FOR THE CONFEDERATE
ARMY TO ENTER MARYLAND."
785
00:40:33,883 --> 00:40:36,553
ROBERT E. LEE.
786
00:40:36,720 --> 00:40:39,431
NARRATOR: THE BRILLIANT
SOUTHERN VICTORIES
OF SPRING AND SUMMER
787
00:40:39,597 --> 00:40:42,684
HAD BROUGHT LEE'S ARMY
INTERNATIONAL RENOWN.
788
00:40:42,851 --> 00:40:44,686
"ONE MORE SUCCESSFUL
CAMPAIGN,"
789
00:40:44,853 --> 00:40:46,563
HE WROTE JEFFERSON DAVIS,
790
00:40:46,730 --> 00:40:50,692
"WOULD FORCE EUROPE
TO RECOGNIZE THE CONFEDERACY."
791
00:40:50,859 --> 00:40:52,861
NOW, FOR THE FIRST TIME,
792
00:40:53,028 --> 00:40:56,281
LEE LED 40,000 SOLDIERS
ACROSS THE POTOMAC
793
00:40:56,448 --> 00:40:59,951
AND ONTO UNION SOIL.
794
00:41:00,118 --> 00:41:02,871
WOMAN: "THIS BODY OF MEN
MOVING ALONG WITH NO ORDER,
795
00:41:03,038 --> 00:41:05,081
"THEIR GUNS CARRIED
IN EVERY FASHION,
796
00:41:05,248 --> 00:41:06,666
"NO TWO DRESSED ALIKE,
797
00:41:06,833 --> 00:41:09,127
"THEIR OFFICERS
HARDLY DISTINGUISHABLE
798
00:41:09,294 --> 00:41:11,421
"FROM THE PRIVATES--
799
00:41:11,588 --> 00:41:15,550
"WERE THESE THE MEN
THAT HAD DRIVEN BACK
AGAIN AND AGAIN
800
00:41:15,717 --> 00:41:17,594
OUR SPLENDID LEGIONS?"
801
00:41:20,889 --> 00:41:23,558
"THEY WERE THE DIRTIEST MEN
| EVER SAW,
802
00:41:23,725 --> 00:41:25,226
"A MOST RAGGED, LEAN,
803
00:41:25,393 --> 00:41:28,688
"AND HUNGRY SET OF WOLVES.
804
00:41:28,855 --> 00:41:30,607
"YET THERE WAS
A DASH ABOUT THEM
805
00:41:30,774 --> 00:41:32,442
THAT THE NORTHERN
MEN LACKED."
806
00:41:36,654 --> 00:41:38,573
NARRATOR: LEE'S TARGET WAS
THE FEDERAL RAIL CENTER
807
00:41:38,740 --> 00:41:42,410
AT HARRISBURG,
PENNSYLVANIA.
808
00:41:42,577 --> 00:41:43,995
HOPING MARYLANDERS
WOULD RISE UP
809
00:41:44,162 --> 00:41:45,663
AGAINST THE UNION,
810
00:41:45,830 --> 00:41:48,833
HE INSTRUCTED HIS MEN TO SING
MARYLAND, MY MARYLAND
811
00:41:49,000 --> 00:41:50,543
AS THEY MARCHED.
812
00:41:50,710 --> 00:41:52,128
IT DIDN'T WORK.
813
00:41:52,295 --> 00:41:54,172
MOST RESIDENTS
OF THE SMALL TOWNS
814
00:41:54,339 --> 00:41:57,759
STAYED FEARFULLY
BEHIND CLOSED DOORS.
815
00:41:57,926 --> 00:42:01,805
THEN, ON SEPTEMBER 13th,
IN A MEADOW NEAR FREDERICK,
816
00:42:01,971 --> 00:42:04,265
AUNION SOLDIER
FOUND 3 CIGARS
817
00:42:04,432 --> 00:42:06,559
WRAPPED IN A PIECE OF PAPER.
818
00:42:06,726 --> 00:42:08,853
IT WAS A COPY
OF LEE'S BATTLE PLANS,
819
00:42:09,020 --> 00:42:12,148
ACCIDENTALLY LEFT BEHIND.
820
00:42:12,315 --> 00:42:14,818
MCCLELLAN NOW KNEW
LEE HAD DIVIDED HIS ARMY,
821
00:42:14,984 --> 00:42:18,863
SENDING ONE PART OFF
TO SEIZE HARPERS FERRY.
822
00:42:19,030 --> 00:42:20,615
MCCLELLAN HAD IN HIS HANDS
823
00:42:20,782 --> 00:42:23,243
THE INSTRUMENT WITH WHICH
TO DESTROY LEE.
824
00:42:25,912 --> 00:42:29,916
STILL, HE DID NOTHING
FOR 18 CRUCIAL HOURS.
825
00:42:36,506 --> 00:42:37,757
ON SEPTEMBER 15th,
826
00:42:37,924 --> 00:42:40,135
LEE AND HIS CONFEDERATES
TOOK UP POSITIONS
827
00:42:40,301 --> 00:42:42,137
ALONG THE CREST
OF A 3-MILE RIDGE
828
00:42:42,303 --> 00:42:44,639
JUST EAST OF THE TOWN
OF SHARPSBURG
829
00:42:44,806 --> 00:42:47,642
AND ONLY 52 MILES
FROM WASHINGTON.
830
00:42:47,809 --> 00:42:49,811
THE POTOMAC
WAS AT THEIR BACK.
831
00:42:49,978 --> 00:42:54,649
IN FRONT RAN A CREEK
CALLED ANTIETAM.
832
00:42:54,816 --> 00:42:56,401
MAN AS LONGSTREET:
"ON THE FORENOON OF THE 15th,
833
00:42:56,568 --> 00:42:57,861
"THE BLUE UNIFORMS
OF THE FEDERALS
834
00:42:58,027 --> 00:42:59,779
"APPEARED AMONG THE TREES
THAT CROWNED THE HEIGHTS
835
00:42:59,946 --> 00:43:02,574
"ON THE EASTERN BANK
OF THE ANTIETAM.
836
00:43:02,740 --> 00:43:05,160
"THE NUMBER INCREASED,
AND LARGER AND LARGER
GREW THE FIELD OF BLUE
837
00:43:05,326 --> 00:43:08,246
"TILL IT SEEMED
TO STRETCH AS FAR
AS THE EYE COULD SEE.
838
00:43:08,413 --> 00:43:10,874
"AND FROM THE TOPS
OF THE MOUNTAINS DOWN TO
THE EDGES OF THE STREAM
839
00:43:11,040 --> 00:43:13,710
GATHERED THE GREAT ARMY
OF MCCLELLAN."
840
00:43:13,877 --> 00:43:16,796
GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET.
841
00:43:16,963 --> 00:43:18,882
NARRATOR: HAD MCCLELLAN
HURLED HIS ARMY
842
00:43:19,048 --> 00:43:20,592
AT THE CONFEDERATES
THAT DAY,
843
00:43:20,758 --> 00:43:24,679
THE WAR MIGHT HAVE ENDED,
BUT HE DID NOT.
844
00:43:24,846 --> 00:43:26,848
"THERE WAS A SINGLE ITEM
IN OUR ADVANTAGE,"
845
00:43:27,015 --> 00:43:28,808
AN AIDE TO LEE REMEMBERED,
846
00:43:28,975 --> 00:43:31,144
"BUT IT WAS
AN IMPORTANT ONE.
847
00:43:31,311 --> 00:43:33,229
"MCCLELLAN HAD BROUGHT
SUPERIOR FORCES
848
00:43:33,396 --> 00:43:35,815
TO SHARPSBURG,"
THE AIDE CONCEDED,
849
00:43:35,982 --> 00:43:37,901
"BUT HE HAD ALSO
BROUGHT HIMSELF."
850
00:43:41,529 --> 00:43:46,242
MAN: "SEPTEMBER 16th--
THAT NIGHT, | LAY BESIDE
THE CHARLESTOWN PIKE
851
00:43:46,409 --> 00:43:47,827
"AND WATCHED UNTIL MORNING
852
00:43:47,994 --> 00:43:52,123
"THE GRIMY COLUMNS
COME POURING UP
FROM THE PONTOONS.
853
00:43:52,290 --> 00:43:54,375
"IT WAS A WEIRD, UNCANNY SIGHT
854
00:43:54,542 --> 00:43:56,878
"AND DROVE SLEEP FROM MY EYES.
855
00:43:57,045 --> 00:43:58,504
"IT WAS SOMETHING DEMON-LIKE,
856
00:43:58,671 --> 00:44:01,174
"A SCENE FROM AN INFERNO.
857
00:44:01,341 --> 00:44:03,051
"THEY WERE SILENT AS GHOSTS,
858
00:44:03,218 --> 00:44:05,637
"RUTHLESS AND RUSHING
IN THEIR SPEED,
859
00:44:05,803 --> 00:44:09,432
"RAGGED, EARTH-COLORED,
DISHEVELED, AND DEVILISH.
860
00:44:09,599 --> 00:44:11,643
"THE SHUFFLE OF THEIR
BADLY SHOD FEET
861
00:44:11,809 --> 00:44:13,770
"ON THE HARD SURFACE
OF THE PIKE
862
00:44:13,937 --> 00:44:16,189
"WAS 80 RAPID
AS TO BE CONTINUOUS,
863
00:44:16,356 --> 00:44:19,525
"LIKE THE HISS
OF A GREAT SERPENT.
864
00:44:19,692 --> 00:44:22,111
"THE SPECTRAL, GHOSTLY PICTURE
865
00:44:22,278 --> 00:44:25,740
WILL NEVER BE ERASED
FROM MY MEMORY."
866
00:44:25,907 --> 00:44:27,951
CAPTAIN EDWARD HASTINGS RIPLEY.
867
00:44:33,331 --> 00:44:35,250
WOMAN: "AS NIGHT GREW NEARER,
868
00:44:35,416 --> 00:44:36,626
"WHISPERS OF A GREAT BATTLE
869
00:44:36,793 --> 00:44:39,379
"TO BE FOUGHT THE NEXT
DAY GREW LOUDER,
870
00:44:39,545 --> 00:44:42,340
"AND WE SHUDDERED
AT THE PROSPECT,
871
00:44:42,507 --> 00:44:44,550
"FOR THE BATTLES HAD
COME TO MEAN TO US,
872
00:44:44,717 --> 00:44:46,719
"AS THEY NEVER HAD BEFORE,
873
00:44:46,886 --> 00:44:49,806
BLOOD, WOUNDS, AND DEATH."
874
00:45:09,409 --> 00:45:11,077
NARRATOR: THE BATTLE
THAT BEGAN THE NEXT DAY
875
00:45:11,244 --> 00:45:13,788
WAS REALLY 3 BATTLES.
876
00:45:13,955 --> 00:45:17,208
THE FIRST BEGAN AT 6 A.M.
ON LEE'S LEFT,
877
00:45:17,375 --> 00:45:18,376
WHERE A FEDERAL FORCE
878
00:45:18,543 --> 00:45:20,753
CHARGED ALONG
THE HAGERSTOWN PIKE
879
00:45:20,920 --> 00:45:23,172
TO ATTACK
STONEWALL JACKSON'S MEN
880
00:45:23,339 --> 00:45:27,010
HIDDEN IN WOODS
BEYOND A BIG CORNFIELD.
881
00:45:27,176 --> 00:45:28,136
THE UNION OBJECTIVE
882
00:45:28,303 --> 00:45:31,180
WAS A PLATEAU
EDGED WITH ARTILLERY
883
00:45:31,347 --> 00:45:33,850
ON WHICH STOOD A SMALL
WHITEWASHED CHURCH,
884
00:45:34,017 --> 00:45:38,229
BUILT BYA GERMAN BAPTIST
PACIFIST SECT, THE DUNKARDS,
885
00:45:38,396 --> 00:45:40,690
FOR WHOM EVEN A STEEPLE
WAS THOUGHT IMMODEST.
886
00:45:43,359 --> 00:45:47,155
THE UNION FIELD COMMANDER
WAS MAJOR GENERAL JOE HOOKER,
887
00:45:47,322 --> 00:45:49,907
A PROFANE AND HARD-DRINKING
MASSACHUSETTS SOLDIER
888
00:45:50,074 --> 00:45:51,409
KNOWN AS FIGHTING JOE.
889
00:45:53,619 --> 00:45:55,246
AS HOOKER
CAUTIOUSLY ADVANCED,
890
00:45:55,413 --> 00:45:57,749
HE NOTICED THE GLINT OF BAYONETS
IN THE CORNFIELD
891
00:45:57,915 --> 00:46:00,752
AND ORDERED 4 BATTERIES
TO FIRE INTO IT.
892
00:46:00,918 --> 00:46:02,754
CANNON FIRE
893
00:46:02,920 --> 00:46:04,547
THE REBELS COUNTERCHARGED.
894
00:46:04,714 --> 00:46:06,090
THE BATTLE SURGED
BACK AND FORTH
895
00:46:06,257 --> 00:46:08,843
ACROSS THE CORNFIELD
15 TIMES.
896
00:46:09,010 --> 00:46:10,303
IN A MATTER OF MINUTES,
897
00:46:10,470 --> 00:46:16,184
THE 12th MASSACHUSETTS
LOST 224 OF 334 MEN.
898
00:46:16,351 --> 00:46:18,061
HOOKER HIMSELF
WAS CARRIED FROM THE FIELD,
899
00:46:18,227 --> 00:46:19,228
SHOT THROUGH THE FOOT.
900
00:46:22,523 --> 00:46:23,775
MAN: "THE MEN ARE
LOADING AND FIRING
901
00:46:23,941 --> 00:46:25,485
"WITH DEMONIACAL FURY
902
00:46:25,651 --> 00:46:27,528
"AND SHOUTING AND LAUGHING
HYSTERICALLY,
903
00:46:27,695 --> 00:46:28,821
"AND THE WHOLE FIELD
BEFORE US
904
00:46:28,988 --> 00:46:31,199
"IS COVERED WITH REBELS
FLEEING FOR LIFE
905
00:46:31,366 --> 00:46:33,659
INTO THE WOODS."
906
00:46:33,826 --> 00:46:37,497
NARRATOR: HOOKER'S MEN
WERE CLOSING IN
ON THE DUNKARD CHURCH.
907
00:46:37,663 --> 00:46:41,709
AT THAT MOMENT,
STONEWALL JACKSON SENT
IN HIS LAST RESERVES,
908
00:46:41,876 --> 00:46:45,338
JOHN BELL HOOD'S DIVISION--
FIERCE FIGHTERS AT ANY TIME,
909
00:46:45,505 --> 00:46:47,382
BUT NOW ENRAGED
AT HAVING MISSED BREAKFAST,
910
00:46:47,548 --> 00:46:50,259
WHICH HAD PROMISED TO BE
THEIR FIRST REAL MEAL IN DAYS.
911
00:46:52,261 --> 00:46:53,346
THEIR FIRST VOLLEY WAS
912
00:46:53,513 --> 00:46:55,223
"LIKE A SCYTHE RUNNING
THROUGH OUR LINE,"
913
00:46:55,390 --> 00:46:58,559
ONE UNION SURVIVOR
REMEMBERED.
914
00:46:58,726 --> 00:47:01,729
AND THEN THE CONFEDERATE
COUNTERATTACK CAME ON.
915
00:47:01,896 --> 00:47:03,689
YELLING
916
00:47:20,957 --> 00:47:23,459
MAN AS HOOKER: "EVERY STALK OF
CORN WAS CUT AS CLOSELY
917
00:47:23,626 --> 00:47:25,586
"AS COULD HAVE BEEN DONE
WITH A KNIFE,
918
00:47:25,753 --> 00:47:28,256
"AND THE SLAIN LAY IN ROWS,
919
00:47:28,423 --> 00:47:30,842
"PRECISELY AS THEY
HAD STOOD IN THEIR RANKS
920
00:47:31,008 --> 00:47:33,136
A FEW MOMENTS BEFORE."
921
00:47:33,302 --> 00:47:34,345
JOSEPH HOOKER.
922
00:47:40,476 --> 00:47:43,229
NARRATOR: THE NORTHERN TROOPS
RAN BACK THROUGH THE CORNFIELD.
923
00:47:43,396 --> 00:47:45,606
HOOD'S MEN RAN AFTER THEM,
BUT WERE STOPPED
924
00:47:45,773 --> 00:47:49,402
BYA HAIL OF SHELLS
AND FEDERAL REINFORCEMENTS.
925
00:47:49,569 --> 00:47:51,571
WHEN THE CONFEDERATES
FINALLY WITHDREW,
926
00:47:51,737 --> 00:47:54,782
ONE OFFICER ASKED HOOD
WHERE HIS DIVISION WAS.
927
00:47:54,949 --> 00:47:57,076
"DEAD ON THE FIELD,"
HE ANSWERED.
928
00:48:01,122 --> 00:48:02,915
MAN AS RHODES: "I HAVE NEVER
IN MY SOLDIER'S LIFE
929
00:48:03,082 --> 00:48:04,208
"SEEN SUCH A SIGHT.
930
00:48:04,375 --> 00:48:07,628
"THE DEAD AND WOUNDED
COVERED THE GROUND.
931
00:48:07,795 --> 00:48:10,047
"IN ONE SPOT,
"A REBEL OFFICER AND 20 MEN
932
00:48:10,214 --> 00:48:12,550
"LAY NEAR A WRECK
OF A BATTERY.
933
00:48:12,717 --> 00:48:13,843
"IT IS SAID BATTERY 'A',
934
00:48:14,010 --> 00:48:16,971
1st RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY
DID THIS WORK."
935
00:48:17,138 --> 00:48:18,347
ELISHA HUNT RHODES.
936
00:48:22,935 --> 00:48:26,981
NARRATOR: BY 10 A.M.,
8,000 MEN LAY DEAD OR WOUNDED.
937
00:48:27,148 --> 00:48:29,275
JACKSON'S LINES
HAD WAVERED, BUT HELD.
938
00:48:34,447 --> 00:48:37,116
FOOTE: AFTER HIS PART
OF THE BATTLE WAS OVER,
939
00:48:37,283 --> 00:48:39,577
JACKSON WAS SITTING ON
HIS HORSE, EATING A PEACH,
940
00:48:39,744 --> 00:48:43,331
AND HIS MEDICAL DIRECTOR,
DR. MCGUIRE, WAS THERE.
941
00:48:43,498 --> 00:48:45,750
AND, UH...
942
00:48:45,917 --> 00:48:47,793
HE LOOKED OUT OVER THIS FIELD
943
00:48:47,960 --> 00:48:50,588
WHERE THERE WERE DEAD
OF BOTH SIDES LITTERED
ALL OVER THE PLACE.
944
00:48:50,755 --> 00:48:51,839
AND AS HE'S EATING
THE PEACH, HE SAID,
945
00:48:52,006 --> 00:48:54,008
"GOD HAS BEEN
VERY KIND TO US THIS DAY."
946
00:49:05,728 --> 00:49:07,271
NARRATOR: THE SECOND PART OF
THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
947
00:49:07,438 --> 00:49:09,857
BEGAN AT THE CENTER
OF LEE'S LINE,
948
00:49:10,024 --> 00:49:11,317
A SUNKEN COUNTRY ROAD
949
00:49:11,484 --> 00:49:13,653
THAT NOW SERVED AS
A READY-MADE RIFLE PIT
950
00:49:13,819 --> 00:49:16,822
FOR TWO
CONFEDERATE BRIGADES.
951
00:49:16,989 --> 00:49:21,118
LEE ORDERED IT HELD
AT ALL COSTS.
952
00:49:21,285 --> 00:49:23,204
GENERAL JOHN B. GORDON
ASSURED HIM,
953
00:49:23,371 --> 00:49:25,122
"THESE MEN ARE GOING
TO STAY HERE, GENERAL,
954
00:49:25,289 --> 00:49:27,458
TILL THE SUN GOES DOWN
OR VICTORY IS WON."
955
00:49:29,794 --> 00:49:33,005
THEN THE UNION ATTACKED.
956
00:49:33,172 --> 00:49:34,674
MAN AS GORDON:
"THE BRAVE UNION COMMANDER,
957
00:49:34,840 --> 00:49:37,885
"SUPERBLY MOUNTED,
PLACED HIMSELF IN FRONT,
958
00:49:38,052 --> 00:49:39,053
"WHILE HIS BAND CHEERED THEM
959
00:49:39,220 --> 00:49:41,222
"WITH MARTIAL MUSIC.
960
00:49:41,389 --> 00:49:44,058
"I THOUGHT, WHAT A PITY
TO SPOIL WITH BULLETS
961
00:49:44,225 --> 00:49:46,769
SUCH A SCENE
OF MARTIAL BEAUTY."
962
00:49:46,936 --> 00:49:47,979
GENERAL JOHN B. GORDON.
963
00:49:51,732 --> 00:49:53,067
NARRATOR: GORDON
LET THE BLUE LINE
964
00:49:53,234 --> 00:49:54,777
GET WITHIN A FEW YARDS,
965
00:49:54,944 --> 00:49:56,445
THEN GAVE THE ORDER
TO FIRE.
966
00:49:59,365 --> 00:50:01,325
THE UNION COMMANDER
WAS KILLED INSTANTLY.
967
00:50:01,492 --> 00:50:03,744
HIS MEN WAVERED, RETREATED,
THEN CAME BACK
968
00:50:03,911 --> 00:50:06,038
AT THE CONFEDERATES
5 MORE TIMES.
969
00:50:12,253 --> 00:50:14,088
GORDON WAS HIT TWICE
IN THE RIGHT LEG,
970
00:50:14,255 --> 00:50:15,339
ONCE IN THE LEFT ARM,
971
00:50:15,506 --> 00:50:18,050
A FOURTH TIME
THROUGH THE SHOULDER.
972
00:50:18,217 --> 00:50:19,844
HE REFUSED ALL AID,
973
00:50:20,011 --> 00:50:21,887
LIMPING ALONG THE LINE
T0 STEADY HIS MEN
974
00:50:22,054 --> 00:50:25,099
AS THE FEDERALS KEPT COMING.
975
00:50:25,266 --> 00:50:27,768
MAN AS GORDON: "| WAS FINALLY
SHOT DOWN BYA FIFTH BALL,
976
00:50:27,935 --> 00:50:30,354
"WHICH STRUCK ME
SQUARELY IN THE FACE.
977
00:50:30,521 --> 00:50:32,231
"| FELL FORWARD
AND LAY UNCONSCIOUS
978
00:50:32,398 --> 00:50:34,233
"WITH MY FACE IN MY CAP.
979
00:50:34,400 --> 00:50:36,110
"| MIGHT HAVE
SMOTHERED IN BLOOD
980
00:50:36,277 --> 00:50:37,820
"BUT FORAYANKEE BULLET HOLE
981
00:50:37,987 --> 00:50:39,071
WHICH LET THE BLOOD RUN OUT."
982
00:50:41,282 --> 00:50:43,117
NARRATOR: STILL
THE CONFEDERATES HELD.
983
00:50:43,284 --> 00:50:45,119
UNIT AFTER UNIT
OF NORTHERN TROOPS
984
00:50:45,286 --> 00:50:49,081
FELL BACK FROM THE SHEETS
OF SOUTHERN FIRE.
985
00:50:49,248 --> 00:50:51,792
FINALLY, SOME NEW YORKERS
MANAGED TO FIND A SPOT
986
00:50:51,959 --> 00:50:53,127
FROM WHICH
THEY COULD SHOOT DOWN
987
00:50:53,294 --> 00:50:55,171
ON THE ROAD'S DEFENDERS.
988
00:50:55,338 --> 00:50:56,839
THE TIDE OF BATTLE TURNED.
989
00:51:00,551 --> 00:51:01,427
THE SUNKEN ROAD,
990
00:51:01,594 --> 00:51:03,304
REMEMBERED NOW
AS BLOODY LANE,
991
00:51:03,471 --> 00:51:05,264
RAPIDLY FILLED
WITH SOUTHERN BODIES,
992
00:51:05,431 --> 00:51:07,600
TWO AND 3 DEEP,
993
00:51:07,767 --> 00:51:09,393
AND THE TRIUMPHANT FEDERALS
KNELT ON TOP
994
00:51:09,560 --> 00:51:12,229
OF WHAT ONE CALLED
"THIS GHASTLY FLOORING"
995
00:51:12,396 --> 00:51:14,106
TO FIRE AT
THE FLEEING SURVIVORS.
996
00:51:17,485 --> 00:51:19,612
THE CONFEDERATE CENTER
HAD SPLINTERED.
997
00:51:19,779 --> 00:51:22,365
ONE MORE PUSH MIGHT
HAVE BROKEN IT APART.
998
00:51:22,531 --> 00:51:24,659
GENERAL MCCLELLAN, HOWEVER,
999
00:51:24,825 --> 00:51:27,745
DECIDED IT "WOULD NOT
BE PRUDENT" TO ATTACK AGAIN.
1000
00:51:31,874 --> 00:51:34,960
ALL DAY LONG, IN HASTILY
CONSTRUCTED FIELD HOSPITALS,
1001
00:51:35,127 --> 00:51:37,630
CLARA BARTON
TENDED THE WOUNDED.
1002
00:51:37,797 --> 00:51:39,215
SHE WORKED SO CLOSE
TO THE FIGHTING
1003
00:51:39,382 --> 00:51:40,883
THATA BULLET
WENT THROUGH HER SLEEVE
1004
00:51:41,050 --> 00:51:42,426
AND KILLED A MAN
SHE WAS TREATING.
1005
00:51:45,137 --> 00:51:46,347
WOMAN: "I HAD TO WRING
THE BLOOD
1006
00:51:46,514 --> 00:51:48,015
"FROM THE BOTTOM OF MY CLOTHING
1007
00:51:48,182 --> 00:51:50,434
"BEFORE I COULD STEP,
1008
00:51:50,601 --> 00:51:52,061
FOR THE WEIGHT ABOUT MY FEET."
1009
00:51:55,356 --> 00:51:57,900
CANNON FIRE
1010
00:51:58,067 --> 00:52:00,903
MAN: "I WAS LYING ON MY BACK,
SUPPORTED ON MY ELBOWS,
1011
00:52:01,070 --> 00:52:03,864
"WATCHING THE SHELLS
EXPLODE OVERHEAD
AND SPECULATING
1012
00:52:04,031 --> 00:52:06,033
"AS TO HOW LONG I COULD
HOLD UP MY FINGER
1013
00:52:06,200 --> 00:52:08,369
"BEFORE IT WOULD BE SHOT OFF.
1014
00:52:08,536 --> 00:52:10,746
"WHEN THE ORDER
TO GET UP WAS GIVEN,
1015
00:52:10,913 --> 00:52:13,207
"| TURNED OVER TO LOOK
AT COLONEL KIMBALL,
1016
00:52:13,374 --> 00:52:16,752
THINKING HE HAD BECOME
SUDDENLY INSANE."
1017
00:52:16,919 --> 00:52:18,254
LIEUTENANT MATTHEW J. GROHAN.
1018
00:52:22,967 --> 00:52:25,678
NARRATOR: THE THIRD BATTLE TOOK
PLACE ON THE CONFEDERATE RIGHT,
1019
00:52:25,845 --> 00:52:28,931
WHERE THE UNION ARMY,
LED BY GENERAL BURNSIDE'S CORPS,
1020
00:52:29,098 --> 00:52:30,141
TRIED TO FIGHT ITS WAY
1021
00:52:30,307 --> 00:52:32,351
ACROSS A STRONGLY DEFENDED
STONE BRIDGE
1022
00:52:32,518 --> 00:52:33,561
OVER ANTIETAM CREEK.
1023
00:52:37,231 --> 00:52:40,401
AMBROSE BURNSIDE WAS
AGENIAL, DAPPER MAN--
1024
00:52:40,568 --> 00:52:44,238
HIS DISTINCTIVE WHISKERS
OR SIDEBURNS SETA FASHION--
1025
00:52:44,405 --> 00:52:46,073
BUT "HE SHRANK
FROM RESPONSIBILITY,"
1026
00:52:46,240 --> 00:52:48,075
AN ADMIRING
FELLOW OFFICER SAID,
1027
00:52:48,242 --> 00:52:49,493
"WITH SINCERE MODESTY,"
1028
00:52:49,660 --> 00:52:50,828
AND HE OWED HIS POSITION
1029
00:52:50,995 --> 00:52:53,622
TO HIS OLD FRIEND MCCLELLAN,
WHO NOW PROMISED
1030
00:52:53,789 --> 00:52:56,000
TO SUPPORT HIS ASSAULT
ACROSS THE BRIDGE.
1031
00:52:58,586 --> 00:53:01,172
BURNSIDE HAD 12,500 MEN
1032
00:53:01,338 --> 00:53:03,215
AGAINST BARELY
400 GEORGIANS
1033
00:53:03,382 --> 00:53:05,801
LED BY ROBERT TOOMBS.
1034
00:53:05,968 --> 00:53:07,386
BUT THE CONFEDERATES
COMMANDED THE BLUFF
1035
00:53:07,553 --> 00:53:09,096
OVERLOOKING THE BRIDGE
1036
00:53:09,263 --> 00:53:11,265
AND POURED
A RELENTLESS VOLLEY OF FIRE
1037
00:53:11,432 --> 00:53:12,850
DOWN ON THE UNION TROOPS.
1038
00:53:15,478 --> 00:53:18,147
IT TOOK 3 HOURS
AND 3 BLOODY CHARGES
1039
00:53:18,314 --> 00:53:20,065
FOR THE FEDERALS
TO CROSS THE CREEK
1040
00:53:20,232 --> 00:53:22,109
AND BEGIN FIGHTING
THEIR WAY UP THE SLOPE
1041
00:53:22,276 --> 00:53:23,194
TOWARDS SHARPSBURG.
1042
00:53:26,113 --> 00:53:28,949
7 SUCCESSIVE UNION
COLOR BEARERS WERE HIT
1043
00:53:29,116 --> 00:53:30,951
BEFORE THE CONFEDERATES
FINALLY BROKE,
1044
00:53:31,118 --> 00:53:32,369
RACING BACK INTO THE TOWN.
1045
00:53:35,956 --> 00:53:37,917
MAN: "OH, HOW I RAN.
1046
00:53:38,083 --> 00:53:39,877
"| WAS AFRAID OF BEING
STRUCK IN THE BACK,
1047
00:53:40,044 --> 00:53:41,921
"AND I FREQUENTLY TURNED
AROUND |N RUNNING
1048
00:53:42,087 --> 00:53:44,173
"80 AS TO AVOID,
IF POSSIBLE,
1049
00:53:44,340 --> 00:53:46,967
SO DISGRACEFUL A WOUND."
1050
00:53:47,134 --> 00:53:49,261
PRIVATE JOHN DOOLEY.
1051
00:53:49,428 --> 00:53:51,388
NARRATOR: UNION VICTORY
AGAIN SEEMED CERTAIN.
1052
00:53:54,225 --> 00:53:55,976
BUT WHILE
THE UNION TROOPS CHEERED,
1053
00:53:56,143 --> 00:53:58,020
THE CONFEDERATE LIGHT
DIVISION WAS ARRIVING
1054
00:53:58,187 --> 00:54:00,397
FROM HARPERS FERRY...
1055
00:54:00,564 --> 00:54:03,984
3,000 MEN, FOOTSORE
FROM THEIR 17-MILE MARCH,
1056
00:54:04,151 --> 00:54:05,903
BUT OTHERWISE READY TO FIGHT
1057
00:54:06,070 --> 00:54:08,239
AND COMMANDED
BY GENERALAP. HILL,
1058
00:54:08,405 --> 00:54:12,701
DRESSED IN THE RED SHIRT
HE LIKED TO WEAR IN BATTLE.
1059
00:54:12,868 --> 00:54:15,830
MAN: "A.P. HILL IS THE
FIGHTINGEST DIVISION COMMANDER
1060
00:54:15,996 --> 00:54:17,665
"IN LEE'S ARMY.
1061
00:54:17,832 --> 00:54:21,836
"HILL ARRIVED AT
ANOTHER ONE OF THOSE
NICK-OF-THE-MOMENT THINGS,
1062
00:54:22,002 --> 00:54:24,046
"AND IT WAS THE LAST ONE,
1063
00:54:24,213 --> 00:54:26,382
"AND IT SUCCEEDED
IN THROWING BURNSIDE BACK
1064
00:54:26,549 --> 00:54:28,425
AFTER HE FINALLY
GOT ACROSS THE BRIDGE."
1065
00:54:31,929 --> 00:54:35,349
NARRATOR: HILL SLAMMED INTO
THE CELEBRATING UNION TROOPS.
1066
00:54:35,516 --> 00:54:37,685
BURNSIDE BEGGED MCCLELLAN
TO SEND UP
1067
00:54:37,852 --> 00:54:40,229
THE REINFORCEMENTS
HE HAD PROMISED.
1068
00:54:40,396 --> 00:54:41,730
MCCLELLAN REFUSED.
1069
00:54:46,235 --> 00:54:47,987
AS NIGHT FELL,
BURNSIDE WITHDREW
1070
00:54:48,153 --> 00:54:51,532
TO THE STONE BRIDGE HIS MEN
HAD FOUGHT SO HARD TO SEIZE.
1071
00:54:53,284 --> 00:54:54,994
THE BATTLE WAS OVER.
1072
00:54:55,160 --> 00:54:57,371
NO GROUND HAD BEEN GAINED.
1073
00:55:33,908 --> 00:55:35,242
MAN: "BEFORE
THE SUNLIGHT FADED,
1074
00:55:35,409 --> 00:55:38,078
"| WALKED
OVER THE NARROW FIELD.
1075
00:55:38,245 --> 00:55:40,247
"ALL AROUND LAY
THE CONFEDERATE DEAD,
1076
00:55:40,414 --> 00:55:42,583
"CLAD IN BUTTERNUT.
1077
00:55:42,750 --> 00:55:44,960
"AS I LOOKED DOWN
ON THE POOR PINCHED FACES,
1078
00:55:45,127 --> 00:55:46,378
ALL ENMITY DIED OUT."
1079
00:55:50,925 --> 00:55:53,761
"THERE WAS NO SECESSION
IN THOSE RIGID FORMS,
1080
00:55:53,928 --> 00:55:57,056
"NOR IN THOSE FIXED EYES
STARING AT THE SKY.
1081
00:55:57,222 --> 00:55:59,266
CLEARLY, IT WAS NOT THEIR WAR."
1082
00:56:01,602 --> 00:56:05,022
"THE SUN WENT DOWN.
THE THUNDER DIED AWAY.
1083
00:56:05,189 --> 00:56:06,857
"THE MUSKETRY CEASED.
1084
00:56:07,024 --> 00:56:09,193
"BIVOUAC FIRES GLEAMED OUT
1085
00:56:09,360 --> 00:56:12,237
AS IF A GREAT CITY
HAD LIGHTED ITS LAMPS."
1086
00:56:15,449 --> 00:56:16,951
NARRATOR: IT HAD BEEN
THE BLOODIEST DAY
1087
00:56:17,117 --> 00:56:19,286
IN AMERICAN HISTORY.
1088
00:56:19,453 --> 00:56:23,123
THE UNION LOST 2,108 DEAD,
1089
00:56:23,290 --> 00:56:27,461
ANOTHER 10,293 WOUNDED
OR MISSING--
1090
00:56:27,628 --> 00:56:31,966
DOUBLE THE CASUALTIES
OF D-DAY 82 YEARS LATER.
1091
00:56:32,132 --> 00:56:34,134
LEE LOST FEWER MEN--
1092
00:56:34,301 --> 00:56:37,930
10,318 CASUALTIES--
1093
00:56:38,097 --> 00:56:40,140
BUT THAT WAS A QUARTER
OF HIS ARMY.
1094
00:56:50,526 --> 00:56:51,777
MAN AS RHODES:
"WHY DID WE NOT ATTACK THEM
1095
00:56:51,944 --> 00:56:54,238
"AND DRIVE THEM INTO THE RIVER?
1096
00:56:54,405 --> 00:56:56,407
"I DO NOT UNDERSTAND
THESE THINGS.
1097
00:56:56,573 --> 00:56:59,451
BUT THEN, I AM ONLY A BOY."
1098
00:56:59,618 --> 00:57:00,953
ELISHA HUNT RHODES.
1099
00:57:04,665 --> 00:57:06,166
NARRATOR: MCCLELLAN HAD
PLENTY OF RESERVES
1100
00:57:06,333 --> 00:57:08,419
WAITING OUTSIDE SHARPSBURG,
1101
00:57:08,585 --> 00:57:09,545
BUT HE NEVER USED THEM.
1102
00:57:11,964 --> 00:57:13,340
LEE, OUTNUMBERED 3-TO-1,
1103
00:57:13,507 --> 00:57:16,343
BRACED FOR A NEW ATTACK
ALL THE NEXT DAY.
1104
00:57:16,510 --> 00:57:18,971
IT NEVER CAME.
1105
00:57:19,138 --> 00:57:21,432
ON THE 18th,
LEE AND HIS ARMY SLIPPED BACK
1106
00:57:21,598 --> 00:57:24,226
ACROSS THE POTOMAC.
1107
00:57:24,393 --> 00:57:26,729
MCCLELLAN COULD CLAIM
AVICTORY,
1108
00:57:26,895 --> 00:57:29,189
BUT HE COULD HAVE WON
THE WAR.
1109
00:57:29,356 --> 00:57:31,442
LEE'S INVASION
HAD BEEN HALTED,
1110
00:57:31,608 --> 00:57:34,153
HE HAD SUFFERED
TERRIBLE LOSSES,
1111
00:57:34,319 --> 00:57:37,322
BUT HIS ARMY
HAD NOT BEEN DESTROYED.
1112
00:57:47,541 --> 00:57:50,878
MAN: "THE CAUSES OF THE WAR
WERE WIDE APART,
1113
00:57:51,045 --> 00:57:54,089
BUT THE MANHOOD WAS THE SAME."
1114
00:57:54,256 --> 00:57:57,342
JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN,
20th MAINE.
1115
00:57:59,887 --> 00:58:02,097
NARRATOR: HELD IN RESERVE
OUTSIDE SHARPSBURG,
1116
00:58:02,264 --> 00:58:04,808
THE 20th MAINE INCLUDED
FARMERS AND LUMBERMEN,
1117
00:58:04,975 --> 00:58:07,436
SEAMEN AND SHOPKEEPERS
AND TRAPPERS.
1118
00:58:07,603 --> 00:58:10,856
ITS COLONEL WAS
JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN,
1119
00:58:11,023 --> 00:58:13,942
A 33-YEAR-OLD PROFESSOR
OF RHETORIC, ORATORY,
1120
00:58:14,109 --> 00:58:17,071
AND MODERN LANGUAGES
AT BOWDOIN COLLEGE.
1121
00:58:17,237 --> 00:58:19,490
DENIED A LEAVE OF ABSENCE
TO ENLIST,
1122
00:58:19,656 --> 00:58:21,950
HE APPLIED FOR A SABBATICAL
TO STUDY IN EUROPE,
1123
00:58:22,117 --> 00:58:23,952
THEN VOLUNTEERED.
1124
00:58:24,119 --> 00:58:26,955
ON PAPER, HIS ONLY
QUALIFICATION FOR COMMAND
1125
00:58:27,122 --> 00:58:29,625
WAS THAT HE WAS A GENTLEMAN
OF THE HIGHEST MORAL,
1126
00:58:29,792 --> 00:58:31,710
INTELLECTUAL,
AND LITERARY WORTH.
1127
00:58:34,505 --> 00:58:36,006
CHAMBERLAIN WAS STILL
AT SHARPSBURG
1128
00:58:36,173 --> 00:58:38,675
WHEN ABRAHAM LINCOLN
CAME TO SEE THE BATTLEFIELD.
1129
00:58:43,889 --> 00:58:45,516
MAN: "WE COULD SEE
THE DEEP SADNESS
1130
00:58:45,682 --> 00:58:47,017
"IN THE PRESIDENT'S FACE
1131
00:58:47,184 --> 00:58:49,603
"AND FEEL THE BURDEN
ON HIS HEART,
1132
00:58:49,770 --> 00:58:52,481
"THINKING OF HIS
GREAT COMMISSION
TO SAVE THIS PEOPLE
1133
00:58:52,648 --> 00:58:54,983
"AND KNOWING THAT HE COULD
DO THIS NO OTHERWISE
1134
00:58:55,150 --> 00:58:56,860
"THAN AS HE HAD BEEN DOING--
1135
00:58:57,027 --> 00:58:59,196
BY AND THROUGH
THE MANLINESS OF THESE MEN."
1136
00:59:04,743 --> 00:59:06,870
NARRATOR: WATCHING THE
PRESIDENT REVIEW HIS TROOPS,
1137
00:59:07,037 --> 00:59:09,540
IT SEEMED TO
JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN
1138
00:59:09,706 --> 00:59:13,001
THAT A "MYSTIC BOND,
WONDERFUL IN ITS INTENSITY,"
1139
00:59:13,168 --> 00:59:15,087
JOINED THE MEN
TO THEIR COMMANDER IN CHIEF.
1140
00:59:19,883 --> 00:59:21,385
THE OBJECT
OF LINCOLN'S VISIT
1141
00:59:21,552 --> 00:59:25,264
WAS TO GET MCCLELLAN
TO PURSUE LEE.
1142
00:59:25,430 --> 00:59:27,683
MAN: "I CAME BACK THINKING
HE WOULD MOVE AT ONCE.
1143
00:59:27,850 --> 00:59:29,017
"BUT WHEN I GOT HOME,
1144
00:59:29,184 --> 00:59:31,979
"HE BEGAN TO ARGUE
WHY HE OUGHT NOT TO MOVE.
1145
00:59:32,146 --> 00:59:35,023
"| PEREMPTORILY
ORDERED HIM TO ADVANCE.
1146
00:59:35,190 --> 00:59:38,527
"IT WAS 19 DAYS BEFORE
HE PUT A MAN OVER THE RIVER,
1147
00:59:38,694 --> 00:59:41,613
"AND 9 DAYS LONGER BEFORE
HE GOT HIS ARMY ACROSS.
1148
00:59:41,780 --> 00:59:43,574
AND THEN HE STOPPED AGAIN."
1149
00:59:46,869 --> 00:59:50,330
NARRATOR: LINCOLN AT LAST HAD
HAD ENOUGH OF GEORGE MCCLELLAN.
1150
00:59:50,497 --> 00:59:54,042
THE PRESIDENT RELIEVED HIM
OF COMMAND PERMANENTLY.
1151
00:59:54,209 --> 00:59:56,879
MAN: "THEY HAVE MADE
A GREAT MISTAKE.
1152
00:59:57,045 --> 00:59:58,797
ALAS, FOR MY POOR COUNTRY."
1153
01:00:07,556 --> 01:00:10,559
WOMAN: "SEPTEMBER 21, 1862.
1154
01:00:10,726 --> 01:00:12,603
"DEAR SAM, JR.,
1155
01:00:12,769 --> 01:00:15,022
"A GREAT MANY
OF YOUR OLD FRIENDS
AND SCHOOLMATES
1156
01:00:15,189 --> 01:00:18,066
"HAVE DIED OR BEEN KILLED.
1157
01:00:18,233 --> 01:00:23,030
"I WILL MERELY NAME
LEM AMBERCROMBIE,
1158
01:00:23,197 --> 01:00:25,490
"JEFF MONTGOMERY,
1159
01:00:25,657 --> 01:00:27,576
"JOHN GARRETT,
1160
01:00:27,743 --> 01:00:31,747
"LEM HATCH, JOHN HILL,
1161
01:00:31,914 --> 01:00:35,709
"PROCTOR PORTER,
BILL HUMES,
1162
01:00:35,876 --> 01:00:37,753
"JOHN WHITE,
1163
01:00:37,920 --> 01:00:40,547
"WALTER MAXEY,
1164
01:00:40,714 --> 01:00:43,592
"ANGUS ALSTON.
1165
01:00:43,759 --> 01:00:45,928
"OLD MRS. THOMAS
OF OUR NEIGHBORHOOD
1166
01:00:46,094 --> 01:00:49,097
"HAS LOST 5 SONS.
1167
01:00:49,264 --> 01:00:51,266
YOUR MOTHER, MARGARET HOUSTON."
1168
01:00:55,562 --> 01:00:59,983
YOU DO HAVE A BIG PROBLEM
WHEN YOU HAVE UNITS
1169
01:01:00,150 --> 01:01:03,779
THAT ARE FROM STATES
AND COUNTIES AND EVEN TOWNS.
1170
01:01:03,946 --> 01:01:05,072
AND ONE OF THOSE REGIMENTS
1171
01:01:05,239 --> 01:01:07,032
CAN GET IN AVERY TIGHT SPOT
1172
01:01:07,199 --> 01:01:08,867
IN A PARTICULAR BATTLE,
1173
01:01:09,034 --> 01:01:11,245
LIKE IN THE CORNFIELD
AT SHARPSBURG,
1174
01:01:11,411 --> 01:01:12,621
AND THE NEWS MAY BE
1175
01:01:12,788 --> 01:01:15,082
THAT THERE ARE NO MORE
YOUNG MEN IN THAT TOWN.
1176
01:01:15,249 --> 01:01:16,166
THEY'RE ALL DEAD.
1177
01:01:32,766 --> 01:01:36,812
NARRATOR: IN OCTOBER OF 1862,
AT HIS NEW YORK GALLERY,
1178
01:01:36,979 --> 01:01:39,690
MATHEW BRADY OPENED
AN EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS
1179
01:01:39,856 --> 01:01:42,526
ENTITLED
"THE DEAD OF ANTIETAM."
1180
01:01:42,693 --> 01:01:45,487
NOTHING LIKE THEM HAD EVER
BEEN SEEN IN AMERICA BEFORE.
1181
01:01:50,826 --> 01:01:54,079
MAN: "THE DEAD
OF THE BATTLEFIELD
COME UP TO US VERY RARELY,
1182
01:01:54,246 --> 01:01:55,539
"EVEN IN DREAMS.
1183
01:01:58,917 --> 01:02:01,420
"WE SEE THE LISTS
IN THE MORNING PAPER
AT BREAKFAST,
1184
01:02:01,586 --> 01:02:03,255
"BUT DISMISS ITS RECOLLECTION
WITH THE COFFEE.
1185
01:02:08,885 --> 01:02:10,512
"MR. MATHEW BRADY
HAS DONE SOMETHING
1186
01:02:10,679 --> 01:02:12,472
"TO BRING TO US
THE TERRIBLE REALITY
1187
01:02:12,639 --> 01:02:13,890
"AND EARNESTNESS OF THE WAR.
1188
01:02:16,476 --> 01:02:17,853
"IF HE HAS NOT BROUGHT BODIES
1189
01:02:18,020 --> 01:02:21,398
"AND LAID THEM IN OUR DOORYARDS
AND ALONG OUR STREETS,
1190
01:02:21,565 --> 01:02:23,233
HE HAS DONE SOMETHING
VERY LIKE IT."
1191
01:02:35,829 --> 01:02:37,998
NARRATOR: AGAINST THE ADVICE
OF HIS ADVISERS,
1192
01:02:38,165 --> 01:02:41,877
LINCOLN REINSTATED
U.S. GRANT TO FIELD COMMAND.
1193
01:02:42,044 --> 01:02:45,047
"I CAN'T SPARE THIS MAN,"
LINCOLN SAID. "HE FIGHTS."
1194
01:02:47,924 --> 01:02:49,509
1,000 MILES TO THE WEST,
1195
01:02:49,676 --> 01:02:53,055
VICKSBURG, HIGH
ON A BLUFF OVERLOOKING
THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER,
1196
01:02:53,221 --> 01:02:54,890
REMAINED CONFEDERATE.
1197
01:02:55,057 --> 01:02:56,975
"VICKSBURG,"
JEFFERSON DAVIS SAID,
1198
01:02:57,142 --> 01:03:00,520
"IS THE NAIL THAT
HOLDS THE SOUTH'S
TWO HALVES TOGETHER."
1199
01:03:02,981 --> 01:03:04,524
THAT FALL,
GRANT TRIED TO TAKE
1200
01:03:04,691 --> 01:03:07,069
THE HEAVILY FORTIFIED CITY.
1201
01:03:07,235 --> 01:03:09,404
HE FAILED.
1202
01:03:09,571 --> 01:03:10,947
THE CONFEDERACY WAS
ON THE OFFENSIVE
1203
01:03:11,114 --> 01:03:14,076
OVER A 1,000-MILE FRONT.
1204
01:03:14,242 --> 01:03:16,536
MR. GLADSTONE, A POWER
IN THE ENGLISH CABINET,
1205
01:03:16,703 --> 01:03:19,414
IS SAYING,
"JEFF DAVIS HAS MADE A NAVY.
1206
01:03:19,581 --> 01:03:21,792
HE'S MADE AN ARMY,"
AND, WHAT'S MORE IMPORTANT,
1207
01:03:21,958 --> 01:03:24,336
INTIMATING THAT
HE'S MADE A NATION.
1208
01:03:24,503 --> 01:03:27,255
BUT THE INVASION
OF MARYLAND FAILS.
1209
01:03:29,091 --> 01:03:31,927
LEE IS DEFEATED, FALLS BACK.
1210
01:03:32,094 --> 01:03:34,513
THEY LOSE AT PERRYVILLE
IN KENTUCKY.
1211
01:03:34,679 --> 01:03:36,431
THEY LOSE AT IUKA
AND CORINTH IN MISSISSIPPI,
1212
01:03:36,598 --> 01:03:37,933
AND EVEN NEWTONIA IN MISSOURI.
1213
01:03:38,100 --> 01:03:42,062
AND THE CONFEDERATE TIDE
ROLLS BACK.
1214
01:03:42,229 --> 01:03:44,731
LINCOLN, AS A RESULT
OF ANTIETAM,
1215
01:03:44,898 --> 01:03:46,775
CONVERTED THE WAR
TO A HIGHER PLANE,
1216
01:03:46,942 --> 01:03:49,653
AGAIN THE MASTER POLITICIAN.
1217
01:03:49,820 --> 01:03:52,948
HE ANNOUNCES A PRELIMINARY
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION.
1218
01:03:53,115 --> 01:03:55,117
OF COURSE, IT DOESN'T FREE
ASINGLE SLAVE IN REVOLT,
1219
01:03:55,283 --> 01:03:56,618
FREES ONLY AS A WAR MEASURE
1220
01:03:56,785 --> 01:03:59,788
AND ONLY FREES
THE SLAVES IN STATES
1221
01:03:59,955 --> 01:04:02,582
WHERE THE CONFEDERACY
IS IN CONTROL,
1222
01:04:02,749 --> 01:04:05,460
AND IT WILL TAKE EFFECT
ON THE FIRST DAY OF JANUARY.
1223
01:04:07,671 --> 01:04:09,798
MAN AS LINCOLN: "ON THE FIRST
DAY OF JANUARY,
1224
01:04:09,965 --> 01:04:14,553
"IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1863,
1225
01:04:14,719 --> 01:04:17,806
"ALL PERSONS HELD AS SLAVES
WITHIN ANY STATE
1226
01:04:17,973 --> 01:04:20,684
"OR DESIGNATED PART
OF A STATE,
1227
01:04:20,851 --> 01:04:23,061
"THE PEOPLE WHEREOF
SHALL THEN BE IN REBELLION
1228
01:04:23,228 --> 01:04:25,647
"AGAINST THE UNITED STATES,
1229
01:04:25,814 --> 01:04:31,445
"SHALL BE THEN, THENCEFORTH,
AND FOREVER FREE.
1230
01:04:31,611 --> 01:04:32,654
ABRAHAM LINCOLN."
1231
01:04:35,574 --> 01:04:37,576
NARRATOR: ON SEPTEMBER 22nd,
1232
01:04:37,742 --> 01:04:40,495
JUST 5 DAYS AFTER
THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM,
1233
01:04:40,662 --> 01:04:44,624
THE PRESIDENT ISSUED
HIS EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION.
1234
01:04:44,791 --> 01:04:46,877
"IF MY NAME EVER GOES
INTO HISTORY,"
1235
01:04:47,043 --> 01:04:48,086
LINCOLN SAID,
1236
01:04:48,253 --> 01:04:49,921
"IT WILL BE FOR THIS ACT."
1237
01:04:52,257 --> 01:04:54,134
THE SOUTH WAS OUTRAGED.
1238
01:04:54,301 --> 01:04:56,887
JEFFERSON DAVIS CALLED IT
THE "MOST EXECRABLE MEASURE
1239
01:04:57,053 --> 01:04:59,181
RECORDED IN THE HISTORY
OF GUILTY MAN."
1240
01:05:11,067 --> 01:05:12,861
AT A WASHINGTON DINNER,
JOHN HAY,
1241
01:05:13,028 --> 01:05:15,572
THE PRESIDENT'S
23-YEAR-OLD SECRETARY,
1242
01:05:15,739 --> 01:05:17,491
NOTED THAT
"EVERYONE SEEMED TO FEEL
1243
01:05:17,657 --> 01:05:20,452
"A NEW SORT
OF EXHILARATING LIFE.
1244
01:05:20,619 --> 01:05:23,079
"THE PRESIDENT'S PROCLAMATION
HAD FREED THEM,
1245
01:05:23,246 --> 01:05:24,623
AS WELL AS THE SLAVES."
1246
01:05:27,751 --> 01:05:29,044
MAN: "IT WAS
NO LONGER A QUESTION
1247
01:05:29,211 --> 01:05:31,630
"OF THE UNION AS IT WAS
1248
01:05:31,796 --> 01:05:33,548
"THAT WAS TO BE
RE-ESTABLISHED.
1249
01:05:33,715 --> 01:05:36,760
"IT WAS THE UNION
AS IT SHOULD BE--
1250
01:05:36,927 --> 01:05:39,763
"THAT IS TO SAY, WASHED CLEAN
1251
01:05:39,930 --> 01:05:42,390
"FROM ITS ORIGINAL SIN.
1252
01:05:42,557 --> 01:05:44,392
"WE WERE NO LONGER
MERELY THE SOLDIERS
1253
01:05:44,559 --> 01:05:46,645
"OF A POLITICAL CONTROVERSY.
1254
01:05:46,811 --> 01:05:47,896
"WE WERE NOW THE MISSIONARIES
1255
01:05:48,063 --> 01:05:49,940
"OF A GREAT WORK OF REDEMPTION,
1256
01:05:50,106 --> 01:05:53,109
"THE ARMED LIBERATORS
OF MILLIONS.
1257
01:05:53,276 --> 01:05:57,572
THE WAR WAS ENNOBLED.
THE OBJECT WAS HIGHER."
1258
01:06:01,201 --> 01:06:03,203
NARRATOR: ABROAD,
THE PROCLAMATION HAD THE EFFECT
1259
01:06:03,370 --> 01:06:04,746
LINCOLN HAD HOPED FOR.
1260
01:06:04,913 --> 01:06:08,250
NEITHER ENGLAND NOR FRANCE
WAS WILLING OPENLY TO OPPOSE
1261
01:06:08,416 --> 01:06:11,419
A UNITED STATES PLEDGE
TO END SLAVERY.
1262
01:06:13,588 --> 01:06:15,382
MAN: "THE TRIUMPH
OF THE CONFEDERACY
1263
01:06:15,549 --> 01:06:17,717
"WOULD BEAVICTORY
OF THE POWERS OF EVIL,
1264
01:06:17,884 --> 01:06:20,554
"WHICH WOULD GIVE COURAGE
TO THE ENEMIES OF PROGRESS
1265
01:06:20,720 --> 01:06:22,430
"AND DAMP
THE SPIRITS OF FRIENDS
1266
01:06:22,597 --> 01:06:25,350
"ALL OVER
THE CIVILIZED WORLD.
1267
01:06:25,517 --> 01:06:26,935
"THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
1268
01:06:27,102 --> 01:06:29,020
"IS DESTINED TO BE
ATURNING POINT,
1269
01:06:29,187 --> 01:06:30,939
"FOR GOOD OR EVIL,
1270
01:06:31,106 --> 01:06:33,441
OF THE COURSE
OF HUMAN AFFAIRS."
1271
01:06:33,608 --> 01:06:34,734
JOHN STUART MILL.
1272
01:06:39,239 --> 01:06:41,533
MAN: "PUT NOT YOUR TRUST
IN PRINCES,
1273
01:06:41,700 --> 01:06:46,079
"AND REST NOT YOUR HOPES
ON FOREIGN NATIONS.
1274
01:06:46,246 --> 01:06:48,081
"THIS WAR IS OURS.
1275
01:06:48,248 --> 01:06:52,085
WE MUST FIGHT IT OUT
OURSELVES."
1276
01:06:52,252 --> 01:06:53,461
JEFFERSON DAVIS.
1277
01:06:59,718 --> 01:07:04,264
NARRATOR: THAT DECEMBER,
LINCOLN SPOKE TO CONGRESS.
1278
01:07:04,431 --> 01:07:06,057
MAN AS LINCOLN: "THE DOGMAS
OF THE QUIET PAST
1279
01:07:06,224 --> 01:07:09,644
"ARE INADEQUATE
TO THE STORMY PRESENT.
1280
01:07:09,811 --> 01:07:13,356
"AS OUR CASE IS NEW,
80 WE MUST THINK ANEW
1281
01:07:13,523 --> 01:07:15,358
"AND ACT AN EW.
1282
01:07:15,525 --> 01:07:17,861
"WE MUST DISENTHRALL
OURSELVES,
1283
01:07:18,028 --> 01:07:22,282
"AND THEN WE SHALL SAVE
OUR COUNTRY.
1284
01:07:22,449 --> 01:07:26,494
"FELLOW CITIZENS,
WE CANNOT ESCAPE HISTORY.
1285
01:07:26,661 --> 01:07:28,622
"THE FIERY TRIAL
THROUGH WHICH WE PASS
1286
01:07:28,788 --> 01:07:30,957
"WILL LIGHT US DOWN,
IN HONOR OR DISHONOR,
1287
01:07:31,124 --> 01:07:33,835
"TO THE LATEST GENERATION.
1288
01:07:34,002 --> 01:07:37,339
"WE SAY WE ARE FOR UNION.
1289
01:07:37,505 --> 01:07:41,635
"THE WORLD WILL NOT FORGET
THAT WE SAY THIS.
1290
01:07:41,801 --> 01:07:44,346
"IN GIVING FREEDOM
TO THE SLAVE,
1291
01:07:44,512 --> 01:07:47,682
"WE ASSURE FREEDOM
TO THE FREE--
1292
01:07:47,849 --> 01:07:50,727
"HONORABLE ALIKE
IN WHAT WE GIVE
1293
01:07:50,894 --> 01:07:53,146
"AND WHAT WE PRESERVE.
1294
01:07:53,313 --> 01:07:56,816
"WE SHALL NOBLY SAVE
OR MEANLY LOSE
1295
01:07:56,983 --> 01:07:59,653
THE LAST BEST HOPE
OF EARTH."
1296
01:08:11,748 --> 01:08:14,084
MAN AS RHODES: "DECEMBER 31.
1297
01:08:14,250 --> 01:08:17,671
"WELL, THE YEAR 1862
IS DRAWING TO A CLOSE,
1298
01:08:17,837 --> 01:08:19,422
"AND AS I LOOK BACK,
IAM BEWILDERED
1299
01:08:19,589 --> 01:08:21,091
"WHEN I THINK
OF THE HUNDREDS OF MILES
1300
01:08:21,257 --> 01:08:22,592
"I HAVE TRAMPED,
1301
01:08:22,759 --> 01:08:25,887
"THE THOUSANDS OF DEAD
AND WOUNDED THAT I HAVE SEEN.
1302
01:08:26,054 --> 01:08:27,639
"BUT WE HOPE FOR THE BEST
1303
01:08:27,806 --> 01:08:31,768
"AND FEEL SURE THAT
IN THE END, THE UNION
WILL BE RESTORED.
1304
01:08:31,935 --> 01:08:34,312
GOODBYE, 1862."
1305
01:08:34,479 --> 01:08:35,772
ELISHA HUNT RHODES.
1306
01:08:40,276 --> 01:08:42,779
MAN 2: "WE SHOUT FOR JOY
THAT WE LIVE TO RECORD
1307
01:08:42,946 --> 01:08:47,242
"THIS RIGHTEOUS DEGREE--
FREE FOREVER!
1308
01:08:47,409 --> 01:08:50,537
"OH, YE MILLIONS OF FREE
AND LOYAL MEN
1309
01:08:50,704 --> 01:08:51,788
"WHO HAVE EARNESTLY SOUGHT
1310
01:08:51,955 --> 01:08:53,540
"TO FREE
YOUR BLEEDING COUNTRY
1311
01:08:53,707 --> 01:08:57,001
"FROM THE DREADFUL RAVAGES
OF REVOLUTION AND ANARCHY,
1312
01:08:57,168 --> 01:09:00,588
"LIFT UP NOW YOUR VOICES
WITH JOY AND THANKSGIVING,
1313
01:09:00,755 --> 01:09:02,257
"FOR WITH FREEDOM TO THE SLAVE
1314
01:09:02,424 --> 01:09:06,136
WILL COME PEACE AND SAFETY
TO YOUR COUNTRY."
1315
01:09:06,302 --> 01:09:07,887
FREDERICK DOUGLASS.
1316
01:09:08,054 --> 01:09:09,556
BELL TOLLS
1317
01:09:09,723 --> 01:09:13,143
NARRATOR: ON DECEMBER 31st,
A LARGE CROWD OF ABOLITIONISTS,
1318
01:09:13,309 --> 01:09:15,395
INCLUDING HARRIET TUBMAN
AND WENDELL PHILLIPS,
1319
01:09:15,562 --> 01:09:18,398
GATHERED TOGETHER
IN THE MUSIC HALL IN BOSTON.
1320
01:09:18,565 --> 01:09:20,650
AT MIDNIGHT,
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
1321
01:09:20,817 --> 01:09:23,111
WOULD TAKE EFFECT.
1322
01:09:23,278 --> 01:09:25,196
ON THE STAGE,
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON
1323
01:09:25,363 --> 01:09:29,325
WEPT WITH JOY
BESIDE FREDERICK DOUGLASS.
1324
01:09:29,492 --> 01:09:31,870
THE CHEERING CROWD CALLED
FOR HARRIET BEECHER STOWE.
1325
01:09:35,165 --> 01:09:37,459
SHE STOOD IN THE BALCONY,
TEARS IN HER EYES.
1326
01:09:40,420 --> 01:09:43,256
AT A WASHINGTON, D.C.,
CONTRABAND CAMP,
1327
01:09:43,423 --> 01:09:45,675
FORMER SLAVES TESTIFIED.
1328
01:09:45,842 --> 01:09:48,428
ONE REMEMBERED THE SALE
OF HIS DAUGHTER.
1329
01:09:48,595 --> 01:09:51,306
"NOW NO MORE OF THAT,"
HE SAID.
1330
01:09:51,473 --> 01:09:55,185
"THEY CAN'T SELL MY WIFE
AND CHILDREN ANYMORE.
1331
01:09:55,351 --> 01:09:56,436
BLESS THE LORD."
1332
01:10:01,441 --> 01:10:03,735
ON THE SEA ISLANDS
OFF SOUTH CAROLINA,
1333
01:10:03,902 --> 01:10:06,529
FEDERAL AGENTS READ
THE PROCLAMATION ALOUD
1334
01:10:06,696 --> 01:10:08,364
TO FORMER SLAVES
1335
01:10:08,531 --> 01:10:12,452
UNDER THE SPREADING BOUGHS
OF A HUGE OAK TREE.
1336
01:10:12,619 --> 01:10:15,163
AS THE COMMANDER
OF A NEW ALL-BLACK REGIMENT
1337
01:10:15,330 --> 01:10:17,248
UNFURLED AN AMERICAN FLAG,
1338
01:10:17,415 --> 01:10:21,252
HIS MEN BROKE INTO SONG.
1339
01:10:21,419 --> 01:10:23,379
"IT SEEMED THE CHOKED VOICE
1340
01:10:23,546 --> 01:10:26,341
OF A RACE AT LAST UNLOOSED,"
HE WROTE.
1341
01:10:34,224 --> 01:10:37,435
CHORUS: J‘ IN THE BEAUTY
OF THE L|L|ES J‘
1342
01:10:37,602 --> 01:10:42,774
J‘ CHRIST WAS BORN
ACROSS THE SEA J‘
1343
01:10:42,941 --> 01:10:46,486
J‘ WITH A GLORY
IN HIS BOSOM J‘
1344
01:10:46,653 --> 01:10:51,241
J‘ THAT TRANSFIGURES
YOU AND ME J‘
1345
01:10:51,407 --> 01:10:55,078
J‘AS HE DIED
TO MAKE MEN HOLY J‘
1346
01:10:55,245 --> 01:10:59,499
J‘ LET US DIE
TO MAKE MEN FREE J‘
1347
01:10:59,666 --> 01:11:06,422
J‘ WHILE GOD IS MARCHING ON J‘
1348
01:11:06,589 --> 01:11:12,136
J‘ GLORY, GLORY HALLELUJAH J‘
1349
01:11:12,303 --> 01:11:18,017
J‘ GLORY, GLORY HALLELUJAH J‘
1350
01:11:18,184 --> 01:11:24,190
J‘ GLORY, GLORY HALLELUJAH J‘
1351
01:11:24,357 --> 01:11:34,450
J‘ HIS TRUTH IS MARCHING ON J‘
102086
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