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In question 5 we we're told to assume that one MAC address is empty.
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We can verify that by looking at the output of the show MAC address table command on the switch as we
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can see here the MAC address table is empty.
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We asked when P.S. five pings P.S. eight what type of packet is sent to the switch initially.
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And can we prove it.
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So
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IP config on P.S. 5 shows us the IP address of P.S. 5 10 1 1 5.
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P.S. 8
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has IP address 10 1 1 8.
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So what kind of frame or what kind of packet is sent to the switch when using terms such as frames and
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packets once again are we referring to layer 2 or Layer 3 or Layer 4 of the other side model.
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So what I'll do on P.S. 5 is paying 10 1 1 8 before I do that.
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Notice the OP cache is empty.
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On P.S. 5 if it had just a rebooted the OP cache would be empty.
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Something to send two pings into the network we can see that the first packet that was generated is
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an all package looking at the actual packet or frame we can see that add layer to the frame has a destination
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address of a broadcast.
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That type of package at least 3 is OP so in the Layer 3 headers we can see that this is an off packet
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requesting the MAC address of host with IP address 10 1 1 8 so the Ethernet type is 0 6 0 8 0 6.
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In other words it's an op packet capture forward
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and before I continue the answer to Question 5 is this is an op packet it's a broadcast packet we can
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see that again by looking at the inbound PD you honor the switch notice destination address is a broadcast
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who receives the packet because it's a broadcast it's going to be flooded to the other devices in the
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network and then P.S. 6 and P.S. 7 are going to drop it because of the packet is not destined to them.
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So the answer for question 6 is.
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P.S. 6 P.S. 7 and PCH will receive the packet.
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Now here's where things change.
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Who receives the you return packet.
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So here we've got our op reply on the inbound PD U to the switch.
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We can see that the target mac address is this.
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That's the MAC address of P.S. 5.
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So the MAC address is actually written into the frame.
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This is a unique cost packet center from P.S. 8 to P.S. 5.
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It's not a broadcast unlike the OP request to notice what happens now.
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The packet is only sent to P.S. 5.
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It's not flooded out of all ports so the only piece that receives it is P.S. 5 that is different to
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our previous example where P.S. One P.S. 2 and P.S. 3 received the return traffic and notice the difference
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in question 8 when Pink traffic is sent from P.S. 5 to PCH who receives it.
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So here's
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ICMP request or echo request message we can see that it's ICMP destination MAC address is P.S. 8.
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Source MAC address is P.S. 5 source IP address is.
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P.S. 5 destination IP address is PCH.
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So notice now that the packet is only sent to PCH so that's a very different to what we saw when we
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were using a hub a switch is different to a hub in that it has a separate collision domain on every
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port so when packets are sent from P.S. 5 to PCH they are sent directly between the devices they don't
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get flooded to the other pieces in the network.
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That is very different to a hub so to prove that what I'll do is populate or the OP cache of P.S. 6
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so I'll get it to ping.
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P.S. 8 and I'll run this in real time so if we look at to the OP cache of P.S. 6 OP caches populated
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the same is true on P.S. 5.
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So both.
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P.S. 5 and P.S. 6 know the MAC address of PCH I'll change this to simulation mode.
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And I'll get both of these pieces to ping PCH
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both of them are sending ICMP packets.
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They both get sent to the switch.
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And notice the first one is sent to PCH and then the second one is sent to PCH.
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We don't end up with a collision so the switcher cashes the package and allows the communication and
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to show you this in a different way.
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What I'll do is get pissy 5 to ping PCH
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but get to P.S. six to ping P.S. seven CPC five is pinging pieces eight pieces six is pinging pieces
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seven in this case pieces six and needs to ARP for the mac address of P.S. seven.
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Notice however that there is no collision taking place.
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So now notice the OP cache of pieces 6 is populated with the MAC address of both P.S. 7 and PCH so I'll
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run that again
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and I need to be in simulation mode to do that.
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So they both are sending ICMP packets
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these are unit costs.
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They are not broadcasts notice of the destination of this frame is P.S. 7 destination of this frame
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is P.S. 8 both packets can be sent and received by the switch without interference from the other conversation
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so the pieces can communicate now without collisions and they are essentially separated from the other
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conversation the conversation between P.S. 5 and P.S. 8 happens independently of the conversation between
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P.S. 7 and P.S. 6.
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We have 4 collision domains here
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a hub is a single collision domain a switch has a collision domain per interface but again if P.S. 5
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sent a broadcast
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the broadcast
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would be forwarded to all devices in the network.
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This is a layer to switch.
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It's going to flood that broadcast out of all ports so everyone is going to receive the broadcast and
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everyone is going to have to reply back to that broadcast.
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Packet tracing is not perfect software but it allows you to visually see how traffic flows in the network
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and to learn how to answer questions such as these.
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So when studying for the CCMA exam you can use packet tracer to learn how traffic flows to learn what
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frames look like what packets looked like what segments looked like and it helps you essentially become
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a better network engineer.
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So were you able to answer these questions.
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Do you understand how data flows in a network when you have a switch or when you have a hub.
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Make sure that you understand how data flows through networks.
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