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We want standardization.
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The reason why I can take a copper ethernet cable such as this which has a RJ 45 connector.
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Now we won't get into the details it's actually got a different name but most of us refer to this as
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an RJ 45 connector.
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I want to be able to take this and plug it into an HP laptop plug it into it to Shiba laptop plug it
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into an ISIS laptop.
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We won't worry about pronunciation for now but the moral of the story is I can take this cable and plug
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it into different laptops because of this interface has been standardized and different vendors have
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agreed to create the equipment to the specification or to the standard that makes life a lot easier.
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In the old old days vendors just did what they wanted to.
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They developed their own protocols and their own specifications which wasn't good for customers.
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It was great for the vendor because if he bought the equipment you were locked into that vendor.
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We don't want that as a customer as a customer.
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We want to be able to buy equipment from different vendors and they should all be able to work together.
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So because of standardization and because of the industry agreeing on specific models this cable can
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plug into different vendor devices without any problems.
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We take that for granted today but it was not always the case.
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Now the first thing I want you to realize is and you probably know this already.
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Nothing in life is as simple as it seems.
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And people often have different viewpoints and debate often very heatedly about what is right and what
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is wrong.
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Don't get stuck in those debates for the CCMA exam.
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Just know that there are different models different viewpoints.
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But there's one model that you need to know for the exam for the real world.
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Have your opinion and go with your opinion.
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There were different competing groups that were clashing about what was important and which protocols
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should win the so-called protocol wars.
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So we had the ISI Group with their protocols we had the TTP IP group with their protocols TTP IP is
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one basically.
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So for a long time we used the so-called over side model to discuss TTP IP protocols.
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But the TTP IP protocols is what we use in the real world.
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We use IP version 4.
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We use TTP we use UDP we use IP version 6 TTP UDP once again we use IP protocols in the real world.
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So there's this disconnect if you like between the OS side model and the protocols that are actually
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used in the real world.
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So now in the new version of the CCMA we have what these called if you like a hybrid model can combined
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model of os sy and TTP IP model so don't get confused.
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There was originally a four layer TTP IP model.
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We have a seven layer OS model but now we've ended up in summary with a five layer TPP IP model.
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Five layers but we refer to the top layer as a layer 7 because it originated from the same model.
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So I'm going to talk about some of the details now but in summary make sure that when you study for
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the exam you understand that there's a TCB IP model.
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But today we talk about five layers instead of the original four layers that were discussed in the original
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or if C or request for comments requests for comments or a way that people discuss new protocols and
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agree on what a protocol should be.
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A protocol is basically a way to communicate.
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So if I'm communicating with you in English we've agreed a certain way to communicate.
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If I suddenly switch to another language and say two hundred funda you won't necessarily understand
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what I'm saying because that language uses a different communication stack if you like or a different
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way to communicate versus English.
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We have to agree on the protocol or language that we're going to discuss.
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So RF sees allow us to agree on what protocol will be implemented by different vendors so that it's
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kind of standardized in the old old days we didn't have standardized protocols.
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Every vendor did what they wanted but that was a total mess because she had different networks that
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couldn't communicate with each other.
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These days we want to have one network such as the internet that allows us all to communicate with one
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another and that works because we've agreed on standards in the industry so different vendors Cisco
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HP Juniper etc. will create equipment that can talk to each other based on the standard.
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So in summary you need to know TCB IP model which today consists of five models for this currency CCMA
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reflects the real world more than say previous models.
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We have the OEM model which consists of seven layers don't get hung up on the individual layers and
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I'm going to show you this practically using Packet Tracer.
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Understand how the layers work you may get questions saying Okay so at which lay of the oversized model
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do you find HDP which is a protocol used for surfing the Internet.
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If you go to Web sites such as Facebook dot com you'll be using HDP.
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Actually today it's a s which is encrypted HDP it's more secure.
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That is an example of what we would call a layer 7 protocol but you also need to understand in networking
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that we'll discuss devices such as hubs and we'll say hubs or layer 1 devices hubs aren't really used
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today but I'm going to discuss them just to give you an understanding because when you use a wireless
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network things kind of change with Wi-Fi sex or the latest release of Wi-Fi.
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But previously everything acted as a pure hub in the air.
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In other words only one person could communicate at a time.
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Wi-Fi still like a hub because it's a shared medium that is shared so you need to understand the principles
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of hubs.
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Even though we don't use them physically today as in connecting cables to a hub but the air in wireless
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networks is kind of like a hub.
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We have switches which are called Layer 2 devices.
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Actually some people would debate where the switches are a thing but we won't get into that.
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We have bridges which are layer to devices.
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We have routers which are layer three devices and we have what are called Layer 3 switches.
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So notice I'm using terms here a one device layer two device Layer 3 device.
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We have a layer 4 protocol which could be DCP or UDP and then we have Layer 7 applications such as HDP
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FCP TFT P telnet SS H etc..
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Don't get hung up on those you need to know those protocols.
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You need to know where they fit in the so-called TTP IP model or side model it'll come to you as we
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do a whole bunch of laps and I'm gonna show you the protocols practically in Packet Tracer.
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You'll see where those different protocols reside or set if you like in the model.
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