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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:03:26,331 --> 00:03:27,331 Is that a plane? 2 00:03:33,547 --> 00:03:34,877 What the hell is that? 3 00:04:09,541 --> 00:04:11,841 Excuse me, Professor Hendricks? 4 00:04:15,172 --> 00:04:17,262 Why didn't I get credit for number five? 5 00:04:24,431 --> 00:04:25,681 You didn't write anything. 6 00:04:27,559 --> 00:04:31,809 You missed a trivial solution x=0 and y=0. 7 00:04:31,897 --> 00:04:33,897 I didn't miss it. I didn't think it was important. 8 00:04:33,982 --> 00:04:36,532 Find all solutions. 9 00:04:37,110 --> 00:04:39,570 You understand the definition of "all", Mr Echevaro? 10 00:04:46,328 --> 00:04:48,618 "Sometimes non-trivial solutions can be found, 11 00:04:48,705 --> 00:04:51,535 sometimes they can't. Paradoxically, it is when 12 00:04:51,625 --> 00:04:55,755 the trivial solution is the only solution that it's the most important case." 13 00:04:55,838 --> 00:04:58,338 Exactly. This is a homogenous system of equations 14 00:04:58,465 --> 00:05:01,795 and the important question is whether there are any non-trivial solutions. 15 00:05:01,969 --> 00:05:04,489 If that's the important question then why didn't you just ask us 16 00:05:04,555 --> 00:05:06,435 if there are any non-trivial solutions? 17 00:05:06,515 --> 00:05:09,935 Because I want you to mathematically find all solutions. 18 00:05:10,102 --> 00:05:13,862 But the most important question is whether the trivial solution is the only one. 19 00:05:13,981 --> 00:05:14,901 Indeed. 20 00:05:14,982 --> 00:05:17,152 That is the case with this problem. 21 00:05:18,443 --> 00:05:20,863 So, why is it trivial if it's so important? 22 00:05:21,530 --> 00:05:25,870 Now, I saw x=0 and y=0 was the only one so, I didn't waste my time with it, 23 00:05:25,951 --> 00:05:26,951 AKA trivial. 24 00:05:27,035 --> 00:05:30,155 - I believe you're convoluting your words. - I'm not. It's very misleading. 25 00:05:30,247 --> 00:05:31,867 The book even says "paradoxically". 26 00:05:32,624 --> 00:05:33,624 Sit down. 27 00:05:39,965 --> 00:05:42,015 Anybody else before I finish up here? 28 00:05:42,843 --> 00:05:43,843 Thank you. 29 00:05:44,887 --> 00:05:46,887 So, in the lab for next time 30 00:05:47,514 --> 00:05:50,104 you should do problems one through 43. 31 00:05:51,560 --> 00:05:54,270 The GDP of Assumption Land is 30,000, 32 00:05:54,438 --> 00:05:57,858 the price level is 28, the money supply is 560,000, right? 33 00:05:58,192 --> 00:06:00,322 So, if the government decides to flood the market, 34 00:06:00,402 --> 00:06:03,532 increase the money supply by a factor of 1.31, 35 00:06:03,697 --> 00:06:05,817 what economic variable will be affected 36 00:06:06,116 --> 00:06:07,616 and what will its new value be? 37 00:06:10,412 --> 00:06:12,812 Why does every problem have to take place in Assumption Land? 38 00:06:13,248 --> 00:06:15,578 Can't they just say, like, a real country? 39 00:06:16,877 --> 00:06:19,837 Well, it's easier than saying "Let's assume" every single time. 40 00:06:21,590 --> 00:06:24,470 You did know that's why it's called "Assumption Land"? 41 00:06:25,385 --> 00:06:27,425 - Speaking of flooding the market. - Hey! 42 00:06:27,513 --> 00:06:30,523 Did you know if everyone stopped using condoms, 43 00:06:31,266 --> 00:06:33,096 it would actually lower the rate of STDs? 44 00:06:33,477 --> 00:06:35,897 There would be more people without STDs doing it. 45 00:06:36,480 --> 00:06:39,070 So, the chances of catching something would actually be lower. 46 00:06:39,691 --> 00:06:41,651 You do not pay me enough for this crap. 47 00:07:27,239 --> 00:07:28,842 Hey, Derek, you want to do that lab tonight? 48 00:07:28,866 --> 00:07:30,366 Get it over with before the exam? 49 00:07:32,578 --> 00:07:33,948 - Derek? - Did you hear about this? 50 00:07:39,543 --> 00:07:42,593 "Flight operations at Cincinnati Northern Kentucky International Airport 51 00:07:42,921 --> 00:07:46,841 were temporarily suspended this afternoon after reports of a mysterious aircraft 52 00:07:46,967 --> 00:07:48,177 hovering above the airport. 53 00:07:48,677 --> 00:07:51,547 Witnesses included route mechanics and other airport employees." 54 00:07:52,014 --> 00:07:53,394 This article says it looked like 55 00:07:53,473 --> 00:07:55,853 a silver disc the size of a dime just below the clouds. 56 00:07:56,018 --> 00:07:58,308 Dude, Natalie does not want to hear about this. 57 00:07:58,604 --> 00:08:00,774 "A United ramp mechanic who wished to remain anonymous, 58 00:08:00,898 --> 00:08:02,608 witnessed the aircraft and saw it depart. 59 00:08:02,691 --> 00:08:06,071 However, he was surprised to hear radio chatter between a pilot 60 00:08:06,195 --> 00:08:10,205 and ground control several minutes later at 3:12 pm when someone in the tower said, 61 00:08:10,282 --> 00:08:11,282 'It's still here.'" 62 00:08:11,366 --> 00:08:14,946 People in the tower work with times all day long, okay? Very specific times. 63 00:08:15,037 --> 00:08:17,437 There's no way that they would get something like that wrong. 64 00:08:17,623 --> 00:08:19,963 So, the fact that one guy is saying one thing 65 00:08:20,042 --> 00:08:22,842 and everyone else is saying something else, it doesn't make any sense. 66 00:08:31,011 --> 00:08:32,511 How long did you watch it for? 67 00:08:33,430 --> 00:08:36,930 - I ran away. I was scared. - Why were you scared? 68 00:08:37,935 --> 00:08:41,315 - Because of the noise. - What did it sound like? 69 00:08:43,148 --> 00:08:45,858 - Like someone was playing the flute. - Was it very loud? 70 00:08:46,068 --> 00:08:49,608 - What's the case number? - RW-11-02-04. 71 00:08:50,739 --> 00:08:54,369 Rebecca Watkins, Omega, Georgia. 72 00:08:55,202 --> 00:08:58,622 - Access code? - Blue-15-EOXC. 73 00:08:59,456 --> 00:09:00,706 What can I do for you, Mr Ahls? 74 00:09:00,916 --> 00:09:03,246 I'd like to archive this case file. 75 00:09:04,044 --> 00:09:05,094 Insufficient evidence; 76 00:09:05,212 --> 00:09:07,512 subject is being released from surveillance. 77 00:09:07,965 --> 00:09:10,595 It felt like all the air was running out 78 00:09:11,260 --> 00:09:14,970 and that the plants were going to die and everything was bad. 79 00:09:15,138 --> 00:09:16,818 The contents are being accessed right now. 80 00:09:16,849 --> 00:09:19,035 Would you like me to check and see who's accessing them? 81 00:09:19,059 --> 00:09:20,269 No, cut it off. 82 00:09:23,605 --> 00:09:26,895 Okay, BLACKBOX-RW-11-02-04 has been archived 83 00:09:26,984 --> 00:09:29,404 and is no longer remotely accessible at any clearance level. 84 00:09:29,528 --> 00:09:31,568 Is there anything else I can do for you, Mr Ahls? 85 00:09:31,655 --> 00:09:32,745 No. Thank you. 86 00:09:42,583 --> 00:09:44,383 - Ahls. - We got a call from DHS 87 00:09:44,459 --> 00:09:49,959 about a sighting in sector 6, UTC negative 4, 39.04319 latitude, 88 00:09:50,174 --> 00:09:55,104 negative 84.65842 longitude, ground elevation 896, 89 00:09:55,179 --> 00:09:57,719 UAP elevation approximately 2,800. 90 00:09:58,182 --> 00:09:59,682 It was right over Cincinnati Airport. 91 00:10:00,309 --> 00:10:01,309 Radio? 92 00:10:01,768 --> 00:10:04,098 We intercepted a signal across all frequencies. 93 00:10:04,229 --> 00:10:07,399 We're sending you the radar feed from the time of the sighting. 94 00:10:31,131 --> 00:10:35,391 We interviewed all the witnesses, and we now believe it was a small drone... 95 00:10:53,111 --> 00:10:54,781 Roland Junger, Airport Director. 96 00:10:54,988 --> 00:10:57,217 You know, I would have suggested that you fly directly into here... 97 00:10:57,241 --> 00:10:59,831 I hope your cameras are up to DHS specs 98 00:10:59,910 --> 00:11:01,221 because I'm going to need the footage 99 00:11:01,245 --> 00:11:03,255 from every single one in this entire facility. 100 00:11:03,705 --> 00:11:06,915 All terminals, gates, hallways, stores, employee locker rooms, 101 00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:10,250 baggage claims, runways, fences, hangars, parking lots. 102 00:11:10,796 --> 00:11:12,676 I'm also going to need all the tower recordings, 103 00:11:12,756 --> 00:11:16,546 passenger manifests, and my team is going to need four rooms, 104 00:11:16,718 --> 00:11:18,088 conference rooms preferably. 105 00:11:18,679 --> 00:11:20,573 I don't have four conference rooms here in the terminal. 106 00:11:20,597 --> 00:11:23,217 You have two, plus the EOC I will take those 107 00:11:23,308 --> 00:11:25,668 and one of your larger rooms, and I will tell you which one. 108 00:11:26,186 --> 00:11:28,726 So, you want me to shut everything down 109 00:11:28,939 --> 00:11:31,376 and start kicking people out of their offices in the middle of the day? 110 00:11:31,400 --> 00:11:32,690 No, nothing gets shut down. 111 00:11:32,776 --> 00:11:35,986 Everything continues as normal. There is one other thing though. 112 00:11:37,072 --> 00:11:39,202 The man who is giving a press conference out front, 113 00:11:39,575 --> 00:11:42,375 we do need to shut him down, immediately. Thank you. 114 00:11:46,081 --> 00:11:50,091 Thousands of passengers from all over the world fly through CVG every day, 115 00:11:50,169 --> 00:11:52,549 but what about the ones from out of this world? 116 00:11:52,629 --> 00:11:55,379 Well earlier today, airline employees and passengers 117 00:11:55,465 --> 00:11:57,125 claimed they saw a mysterious object 118 00:11:57,217 --> 00:11:59,427 hovering over the airport for several minutes 119 00:11:59,511 --> 00:12:03,101 before it shot off into the sky, cutting a hole in the clouds. 120 00:12:03,390 --> 00:12:07,190 So, what do four billion light years or frequent flyer miles get you? 121 00:12:07,352 --> 00:12:09,982 Well, not so fast. Airport spokesman, Dave Ellison, 122 00:12:10,063 --> 00:12:12,653 held a news conference to address that incident. 123 00:12:13,358 --> 00:12:14,878 We interviewed all of the witnesses... 124 00:12:15,444 --> 00:12:17,614 and we now believe that it was a small drone. 125 00:12:17,905 --> 00:12:20,625 Four to five feet in diameter, that drifted into our airspace. 126 00:12:20,949 --> 00:12:23,678 That's what's going to happen if Amazon does this whole drone delivery thing. 127 00:12:23,702 --> 00:12:25,597 You know dropping Kindles into the middle of the runways. 128 00:12:25,621 --> 00:12:28,581 It wasn't a drone okay. The descriptions don't match, 129 00:12:28,790 --> 00:12:29,960 the times don't match. 130 00:12:30,501 --> 00:12:32,751 The route mechanic said it was the size of a... 131 00:12:35,714 --> 00:12:36,884 A what? 132 00:12:37,841 --> 00:12:39,051 Dime held at arm's length. 133 00:12:41,220 --> 00:12:42,640 Does that match what was on TV? 134 00:12:43,514 --> 00:12:45,144 What that guy said, four to five feet? 135 00:12:46,225 --> 00:12:48,855 - No way. - Dude, how do you even calculate that? 136 00:12:49,019 --> 00:12:50,259 You don't know how high it was. 137 00:12:50,479 --> 00:12:54,359 Well, somebody said that it was about a 100 to 200 feet below cloud cover. 138 00:12:54,441 --> 00:12:56,861 How high was cloud cover? That's about 3,550? 139 00:12:58,028 --> 00:12:59,198 - No? - Shut up, Lee! 140 00:12:59,613 --> 00:13:05,833 It was 2,900 feet, so 27 to 2,800. 141 00:13:06,578 --> 00:13:10,828 So, let's just say 2,750. 142 00:13:11,083 --> 00:13:13,019 Dude, don't you have exams to study for or something? 143 00:13:13,043 --> 00:13:14,923 Don't you have exams to study for or something? 144 00:13:15,921 --> 00:13:17,421 - Yes. Yeah. - That’s what I thought. 145 00:13:17,548 --> 00:13:18,588 Bye. 146 00:13:18,882 --> 00:13:21,052 So now, how big is a dime? 147 00:13:23,470 --> 00:13:25,220 17.9 millimetres. 148 00:13:26,348 --> 00:13:29,978 17.9 millimetres. Now, what's arm's length? Like... 149 00:13:31,603 --> 00:13:35,073 What is that? Like two feet. Maybe a bit less. 20 inches? 150 00:13:36,733 --> 00:13:39,153 - 22 inches. - Oh crap. 151 00:13:39,278 --> 00:13:42,778 I forgot about Professor Magg's Panel. It's this weekend. 152 00:13:42,906 --> 00:13:45,486 You know that thing I'm setting up, helping at the door. 153 00:13:45,784 --> 00:13:46,864 You're still coming, right? 154 00:13:49,621 --> 00:13:51,081 - Derek? - Yeah. 155 00:13:51,290 --> 00:13:52,725 Okay. Well, I'm not going to stay late 156 00:13:52,749 --> 00:13:56,749 because I've got to take the practice GRE the next morning. 157 00:13:58,630 --> 00:13:59,630 Where's that at? 158 00:14:00,090 --> 00:14:03,180 It's over by Xavier. It's like a 30-minute walk. 159 00:14:05,012 --> 00:14:07,722 - I'll drop you off. - You don't have a car. 160 00:14:07,973 --> 00:14:11,143 - I'll borrow Lee's. - Is Lee okay with that? 161 00:14:13,228 --> 00:14:14,988 Can you make sure? Because I can't miss this. 162 00:14:16,982 --> 00:14:18,022 - I can't miss this. - Yeah. 163 00:14:19,902 --> 00:14:23,362 X equals 88. It doesn't match! 164 00:14:23,947 --> 00:14:27,617 X equals 88. He was lying! The guy on TV was lying. 165 00:14:27,784 --> 00:14:29,664 It's not four to five feet. It's way bigger. 166 00:14:34,041 --> 00:14:36,291 - Hello? - Hi. Mr Ellison? 167 00:14:36,376 --> 00:14:37,536 - Yes. - I was just wondering 168 00:14:37,628 --> 00:14:40,023 if we could ask you some questions about the sighting at the airport. 169 00:14:40,047 --> 00:14:42,877 - I'm sorry. Who is this? - My name is Derek Echevaro, 170 00:14:42,966 --> 00:14:46,886 and I got your cell phone number from the voicemail at your office. 171 00:14:47,137 --> 00:14:48,137 Who do you work for? 172 00:14:48,388 --> 00:14:51,058 The News Record. We just had a few questions 173 00:14:51,225 --> 00:14:53,036 we wanted to ask you based on eyewitness accounts, 174 00:14:53,060 --> 00:14:55,455 - there were some things that we learned... - I've never heard of The News Record. 175 00:14:55,479 --> 00:14:58,479 - Is that based out of Ohio? - University of Cincinnati. 176 00:14:59,066 --> 00:15:00,976 University? You mean... 177 00:15:15,958 --> 00:15:17,668 - Yes? - I think we got disconnected. 178 00:15:17,793 --> 00:15:19,093 Do not call this number again. 179 00:15:19,169 --> 00:15:21,856 All I want to know is why you thought it was four to five feet in diameter. 180 00:15:21,880 --> 00:15:24,800 Witness account says it was about the size of a dime held at arm's length. 181 00:15:25,092 --> 00:15:28,092 Cloud cover was 2,900 feet, it was about 100 to 200 feet 182 00:15:28,178 --> 00:15:30,308 below that which would make it 88 feet in diameter. 183 00:15:47,698 --> 00:15:50,528 Sir, Whitley is in the field with a potential witness 184 00:15:50,617 --> 00:15:52,297 and she's claiming to have heart problems. 185 00:15:53,120 --> 00:15:55,056 There are plenty of other witnesses they need to talk to. 186 00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:56,920 Call an ambulance and have them move on. 187 00:16:00,294 --> 00:16:03,384 Paramedics will have to take her to Edgewood instead of Florence anyway. 188 00:16:03,547 --> 00:16:04,547 Excuse me. 189 00:16:05,465 --> 00:16:07,295 I keep getting calls from this guy. 190 00:16:08,260 --> 00:16:11,100 He's saying he knows the aircraft was 88 feet across. 191 00:16:16,518 --> 00:16:20,558 - Did you get his name of this person? - Derek Echevaro. 192 00:16:23,734 --> 00:16:24,784 Thanks, Dave. 193 00:16:27,779 --> 00:16:30,279 Did any camera get a visual on this UAP? 194 00:16:30,991 --> 00:16:32,831 - Pull up Gate A8. - Yes sir. 195 00:16:34,244 --> 00:16:36,414 No, nothing there. How about A18? 196 00:16:37,748 --> 00:16:39,998 Do we have a clearer shot of the south runway? 197 00:16:42,085 --> 00:16:44,665 I'm not seeing anything. How about the north side perimeter? 198 00:16:44,838 --> 00:16:45,838 There you go. 199 00:16:48,467 --> 00:16:51,507 There is nothing. Let's go back inside the terminal, A4. 200 00:16:51,678 --> 00:16:52,678 Yes sir. 201 00:16:52,971 --> 00:16:54,101 All right, freeze that. 202 00:16:54,723 --> 00:16:58,183 I want the names of all those passengers. Now, take me to the ticket counter. 203 00:17:00,270 --> 00:17:02,610 Freeze that. Okay, rewind it. 204 00:17:04,525 --> 00:17:07,285 I want all those employees and anyone else from the ground 205 00:17:07,402 --> 00:17:08,532 in Conference Room A. 206 00:17:08,695 --> 00:17:11,155 I've been told that this is a federal investigation now. 207 00:17:11,573 --> 00:17:16,123 So, you should know that if any of you talk to anyone, 208 00:17:17,246 --> 00:17:22,456 your co-workers, your friends, your family, including your spouses, 209 00:17:23,669 --> 00:17:25,709 you could be charged with obstruction of justice. 210 00:17:25,796 --> 00:17:29,416 Where's everyone else? Why's it just us here? 211 00:17:29,716 --> 00:17:31,086 Yeah, why is it just us here? 212 00:17:31,510 --> 00:17:32,510 What's going on? 213 00:17:40,602 --> 00:17:43,152 They're saying it's a plane now. Natalie texted me. 214 00:17:48,485 --> 00:17:49,485 Look at this. 215 00:17:52,030 --> 00:17:53,030 Okay. 216 00:17:55,742 --> 00:17:58,872 "After reviewing the witness testimony, federal officials have come 217 00:17:58,954 --> 00:18:01,504 to the conclusion that the mysterious aircraft 218 00:18:01,582 --> 00:18:04,962 seen over Cincinnati/ Northern Kentucky International Airport, 219 00:18:05,419 --> 00:18:10,089 was in fact a Gulfstream IV airplane with a length of 88 feet... 220 00:18:10,215 --> 00:18:11,215 88 feet... 221 00:18:12,885 --> 00:18:17,565 "It matches witness descriptions and investigators are confident 222 00:18:17,639 --> 00:18:20,519 - that the mystery has been solved." - He's using my math! 223 00:18:21,143 --> 00:18:24,403 He's using what I told him on the phone to cover it up. 224 00:18:25,314 --> 00:18:29,074 I bet you there is no record of a Gulfstream IV coming in 225 00:18:29,151 --> 00:18:30,571 or out of the airport that day. 226 00:18:32,112 --> 00:18:35,872 Go to ATCAudioLive.com. Look up Cincinnati. 227 00:18:37,326 --> 00:18:40,866 ATCAudioLive. 228 00:18:49,421 --> 00:18:52,011 - Somebody must've taken it down. - No, it's live streaming. 229 00:18:52,132 --> 00:18:54,722 People listen to that stuff all day, every day. 230 00:18:55,719 --> 00:18:56,969 Somebody recorded it. 231 00:19:43,100 --> 00:19:45,730 We'll be out of here soon, okay? You'll never be alone. 232 00:20:06,999 --> 00:20:10,419 Yeah, United maintenance flight is just joining alpha from the international, 233 00:20:10,502 --> 00:20:11,542 what's your number, again? 234 00:20:12,462 --> 00:20:13,762 United maintenance 44. 235 00:21:19,530 --> 00:21:20,410 Hey. 236 00:21:20,489 --> 00:21:22,159 Hey! So, when are we going to do the lab? 237 00:21:22,783 --> 00:21:23,783 I don't know. 238 00:21:24,076 --> 00:21:26,486 Today's not so good. I didn't go to Diff. EQ. 239 00:21:26,912 --> 00:21:29,042 Why not? Didn't you have an exam? 240 00:21:30,499 --> 00:21:31,369 Where are you? 241 00:21:31,458 --> 00:21:32,748 I'm at Cincinnati Airport. 242 00:21:33,544 --> 00:21:35,964 This terminal is crawling with federal agents. 243 00:21:37,256 --> 00:21:40,376 Why would they still be here if they already figured out what it was? 244 00:21:41,301 --> 00:21:44,221 It is an airport. How did you get in? 245 00:21:45,097 --> 00:21:46,697 Bought the cheapest ticket I could find. 246 00:21:46,807 --> 00:21:48,847 Derek! We need to start the lab today. 247 00:21:49,017 --> 00:21:50,977 I can't get a B in Hendricks' class. 248 00:21:52,229 --> 00:21:53,229 Professor Hendricks? 249 00:21:54,439 --> 00:21:55,439 Hi. 250 00:21:56,316 --> 00:21:58,396 I was just wondering, it's such a crazy time. 251 00:21:59,194 --> 00:22:02,244 My midterms one after the other, I was just wondering... 252 00:22:02,364 --> 00:22:05,664 If you are asking for an extension, the answer is no. 253 00:22:06,368 --> 00:22:07,368 Why? 254 00:22:09,288 --> 00:22:13,828 Derek, you are one of the brightest students I have ever had, 255 00:22:14,168 --> 00:22:17,338 and you are also the most disruptive and argumentative. 256 00:22:18,589 --> 00:22:22,429 Even when you know other people are right, you argue your point. 257 00:22:22,551 --> 00:22:25,301 Well, that trivial-non-trivial stuff is so confusing... 258 00:22:25,387 --> 00:22:28,137 No, it isn't... not for you. 259 00:22:29,641 --> 00:22:32,101 You're on scholarship from the Akamai Foundation. 260 00:22:33,187 --> 00:22:35,017 Yes, I read my students' files. 261 00:22:36,231 --> 00:22:38,861 And you got that scholarship because you placed in the Olympiad 262 00:22:38,942 --> 00:22:41,822 which is one of the top math competitions in the country 263 00:22:42,613 --> 00:22:44,363 and you are failing my class. 264 00:22:48,660 --> 00:22:50,330 Is there something we need to talk about? 265 00:22:56,210 --> 00:22:57,210 No. 266 00:23:10,516 --> 00:23:13,516 I've been at CVG a long time and I've never seen an object like this. 267 00:23:14,228 --> 00:23:18,268 What was it like at the airport after the sighting? Chaos, I imagine? 268 00:23:18,482 --> 00:23:19,862 It was fairly chaotic. 269 00:23:20,692 --> 00:23:23,702 The government showed up after about two hours 270 00:23:23,779 --> 00:23:26,449 and there were agents everywhere. And then they brought us all 271 00:23:26,532 --> 00:23:28,452 into a conference room, everyone who had seen it. 272 00:23:28,909 --> 00:23:30,449 They didn't tell us what was going on. 273 00:23:30,744 --> 00:23:34,124 They took away our phones; they kept us there for about ten hours. 274 00:23:34,206 --> 00:23:36,996 They didn't let us call home, didn't let us use the internet. 275 00:23:37,584 --> 00:23:39,174 It was terrifying. 276 00:23:39,795 --> 00:23:41,925 The airline employee said he heard radio chatter 277 00:23:42,130 --> 00:23:45,800 from pilots and other airport workers about the unidentified object. 278 00:23:46,260 --> 00:23:49,720 However, despite repeated requests, the FAA has yet to turn over 279 00:23:49,805 --> 00:23:53,735 any transcripts or recordings from the tower radio that day. 280 00:24:00,732 --> 00:24:03,132 You really think someone's gonna have this recording on here? 281 00:24:05,529 --> 00:24:09,529 Is this a... Is this part of that airline forum thing? 282 00:24:09,658 --> 00:24:11,578 It's a chatroom on Tor. 283 00:24:12,244 --> 00:24:13,244 What's Tor? 284 00:24:15,998 --> 00:24:19,128 It's one of the ways to get into the dark web, 285 00:24:19,209 --> 00:24:21,209 which is where people do things that are illegal 286 00:24:21,295 --> 00:24:22,575 because it's very hard to trace. 287 00:24:26,675 --> 00:24:28,175 "TheirPlansAgainstUs"? 288 00:24:29,469 --> 00:24:30,469 Whose plans against us? 289 00:24:31,471 --> 00:24:33,351 It's H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds. 290 00:24:38,395 --> 00:24:42,725 "ATCronnie, Pilot81604". 291 00:24:44,151 --> 00:24:46,296 Man, you know, these are just a bunch of people in Yoda outfits 292 00:24:46,320 --> 00:24:47,570 making up fake accounts. 293 00:24:48,864 --> 00:24:50,744 It might not be the pilot of a 747, 294 00:24:50,824 --> 00:24:52,584 it might be someone who flies little planes... 295 00:24:52,784 --> 00:24:57,714 Yeah, or it might be someone who was born on August 16th, 2004, right? 296 00:24:58,373 --> 00:25:01,043 What are the numbers at the end? 81604? 297 00:25:02,085 --> 00:25:03,125 Probably 13 years old. 298 00:25:04,213 --> 00:25:06,263 Here we go. "CincyDawn" says they have them. 299 00:25:06,715 --> 00:25:07,715 Dawn? 300 00:25:08,300 --> 00:25:11,140 D-A-W-N? Like the name Dawn? 301 00:25:11,220 --> 00:25:13,760 - What's her deal? - Oh, God. 302 00:25:13,889 --> 00:25:16,219 What? She probably goes to UC. 303 00:25:16,308 --> 00:25:17,678 She's probably not interested. 304 00:25:17,935 --> 00:25:19,525 - Probably real smart... - Probably 13. 305 00:25:21,063 --> 00:25:22,153 - Right. - Right. 306 00:25:26,568 --> 00:25:27,738 Why are there so many files? 307 00:25:27,903 --> 00:25:30,913 United, American, these are all the different frequencies. 308 00:25:33,659 --> 00:25:35,289 Here we go, here's the tower. 309 00:25:38,121 --> 00:25:40,121 United 367 preparing for takeoff. 310 00:25:40,207 --> 00:25:41,997 Not sure if you're picking this up on radar, 311 00:25:42,125 --> 00:25:44,835 but to our left looks like a stationary drone, some sort of drone. 312 00:25:45,712 --> 00:25:46,712 On the runway? 313 00:25:46,964 --> 00:25:49,054 No, south of that. Down by you guys in the tower; 314 00:25:49,132 --> 00:25:51,512 altitude maybe 2,700 feet. Please advise. 315 00:25:53,011 --> 00:25:54,971 I'm not seeing anything, but I'll have a look. 316 00:25:55,138 --> 00:25:56,138 The hell was that noise? 317 00:25:56,223 --> 00:25:57,473 You have eyes on it now? 318 00:25:57,558 --> 00:25:59,428 Yeah, it's not moving, just hanging out there. 319 00:25:59,852 --> 00:26:01,852 Copy that, 367. Stand by. 320 00:26:02,020 --> 00:26:03,270 Anyone else hearing this? 321 00:26:03,438 --> 00:26:04,518 What is it, Hal? 322 00:26:06,066 --> 00:26:09,736 367, I'm getting confirmation down here that it's still there. 323 00:26:10,028 --> 00:26:12,158 - What'd she say? - Did she say Al? 324 00:26:13,198 --> 00:26:15,198 Copy that, 367, standby. 325 00:26:15,492 --> 00:26:16,492 Anyone else hearing this? 326 00:26:16,660 --> 00:26:17,660 What is it, Hal? 327 00:26:18,370 --> 00:26:19,870 Sounds like "Hal". I heard an "H". 328 00:26:20,414 --> 00:26:22,924 - 367, I'm getting confirmation. - Yeah. 329 00:26:32,301 --> 00:26:33,891 - Tower. - Hi, I'm looking for Hal. 330 00:26:34,178 --> 00:26:35,428 Hal, Al, Hal. 331 00:26:36,471 --> 00:26:37,471 Hal Lapierre? 332 00:26:37,639 --> 00:26:38,929 Yes. Is he on shift right now? 333 00:26:39,850 --> 00:26:40,770 Let me check. 334 00:26:40,851 --> 00:26:43,011 Good luck with Hal, dude. I'm going to get you a drink. 335 00:26:43,937 --> 00:26:45,857 Hey, yo, Zach! Where's that vodka? 336 00:26:51,570 --> 00:26:55,120 Two, three... 523... 337 00:26:55,991 --> 00:26:57,581 Five over... 338 00:26:57,743 --> 00:27:00,043 Hello? Who's calling? 339 00:27:00,871 --> 00:27:02,621 Sir, you couldn't have seen it. 340 00:27:03,290 --> 00:27:04,290 Who is this? 341 00:27:04,541 --> 00:27:06,711 They said you saw the UFO, on the radio. 342 00:27:06,877 --> 00:27:08,997 They said that you said that it was still there. 343 00:27:09,546 --> 00:27:12,126 Are you a reporter? I can't talk about this. 344 00:27:12,216 --> 00:27:13,216 Why not? 345 00:27:13,634 --> 00:27:15,264 Because I can't, okay. I'm sorry. 346 00:27:15,344 --> 00:27:18,184 No, no, wait, wait. I understand that somebody told you 347 00:27:18,305 --> 00:27:19,866 that you're not allowed to talk about it but... 348 00:27:19,890 --> 00:27:21,409 - No, no, I never said that. - Sir, there's literally 349 00:27:21,433 --> 00:27:23,786 no way that you could have seen it because you would have had to been 350 00:27:23,810 --> 00:27:25,650 - looking almost directly up... - It wasn't that... 351 00:27:25,771 --> 00:27:27,874 There is an overhang on the tower that would have blocked your view, 352 00:27:27,898 --> 00:27:29,458 and I know that you could get in trouble 353 00:27:29,483 --> 00:27:31,377 - No, that's not what... - For talking about it, but there's no way 354 00:27:31,401 --> 00:27:33,129 that you could have seen it even if it was there. 355 00:27:33,153 --> 00:27:34,703 I never said I saw it! I... 356 00:27:36,490 --> 00:27:37,490 Mr Lapierre? 357 00:27:44,581 --> 00:27:45,921 He didn't see it, he heard it. 358 00:27:48,544 --> 00:27:49,544 The static. 359 00:27:51,797 --> 00:27:52,957 Wh... what about it? 360 00:27:53,507 --> 00:27:54,627 That's what he heard. 361 00:27:56,218 --> 00:27:57,968 The interference is from the UFO. 362 00:28:00,889 --> 00:28:03,059 Yeah, it's not moving, just hanging out there. 363 00:28:03,141 --> 00:28:05,351 Copy that, 367, stand by. 364 00:28:29,710 --> 00:28:32,800 It's a sequence of tones. Each is one-tenth of a second 365 00:28:33,005 --> 00:28:36,935 represented here by these circles, and then the dashes are one-tenth 366 00:28:37,009 --> 00:28:42,349 of a second of silence so in total, it's 2,623 symbols 367 00:28:42,431 --> 00:28:44,641 which comes out to four minutes and 23 seconds. 368 00:28:45,976 --> 00:28:48,396 And then it started to repeat itself, but it stopped. 369 00:28:48,520 --> 00:28:49,770 I have no idea why. 370 00:28:49,938 --> 00:28:51,688 You think it's some sort of signal? 371 00:28:52,566 --> 00:28:54,686 What's that? Nine, four, three, three? 372 00:28:56,612 --> 00:29:00,532 Well, I was thinking maybe it was binary like a 32-bit computer 373 00:29:00,616 --> 00:29:03,326 looks at chunks of 32, 64 at 64. 374 00:29:03,744 --> 00:29:07,124 I have no idea how to break this up, but I think that it's a 14-bit 375 00:29:07,206 --> 00:29:09,956 because you've got 14 circles here at the beginning and at the end. 376 00:29:11,210 --> 00:29:12,710 So, if it is 14, 377 00:29:13,378 --> 00:29:17,218 this chunk comes out to 9,433 okay? 378 00:29:17,549 --> 00:29:20,049 Or you could bring it into two seven-digit chunks, 379 00:29:20,511 --> 00:29:22,801 one is 73 and one is 89. 380 00:29:26,099 --> 00:29:28,739 You gonna come over again today? Do you wanna help figure this out? 381 00:29:29,102 --> 00:29:30,192 No, I have to study. 382 00:29:30,395 --> 00:29:32,305 I don't get anything done when Lee is around. 383 00:29:32,481 --> 00:29:34,021 Will you at least take a copy home? 384 00:29:36,026 --> 00:29:37,026 Afternoon. 385 00:29:38,278 --> 00:29:40,988 Non-homogenous systems. 386 00:29:41,865 --> 00:29:44,825 These are systems that might not have any solutions at all. 387 00:29:51,792 --> 00:29:52,792 It's open. 388 00:29:54,044 --> 00:29:58,514 Hi. My name is Natalie, I'm in your Linear Algebra class, 389 00:29:58,590 --> 00:30:00,630 and I was wondering about letters of recommendation. 390 00:30:00,926 --> 00:30:03,846 I only give letters of recommendation to students who finish with an A, 391 00:30:04,054 --> 00:30:06,394 so I will talk to you at the end of the semester. 392 00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:09,640 Right, okay. Sorry if I'm jumping the gun. 393 00:30:13,564 --> 00:30:16,614 Would it maybe be possible to get an extension on the lab? 394 00:30:16,692 --> 00:30:18,942 - I already told Derek no. - Yeah. 395 00:30:19,736 --> 00:30:21,486 He's got a lot going on right now. 396 00:30:23,824 --> 00:30:26,034 From what I've read, a lot of the best mathematicians 397 00:30:26,118 --> 00:30:30,288 do their best work in their early 20's; Einstein, Ramanujan... 398 00:30:30,372 --> 00:30:33,332 Riemann, Abel, Galois, I know the list. 399 00:30:34,626 --> 00:30:35,626 You. 400 00:30:40,757 --> 00:30:42,337 Look, I've made my contributions. 401 00:30:44,136 --> 00:30:47,926 Now it's your turn, but you have got to do the lab. 402 00:30:50,434 --> 00:30:54,064 Either get him on board, or do it yourself. 403 00:30:57,816 --> 00:31:00,186 Okay. Thank you. 404 00:31:55,541 --> 00:31:56,961 Hello, leave a message. 405 00:31:57,125 --> 00:32:02,295 Lee, I've figured it out. It's dates. And it's close to 0.007297. 406 00:32:02,381 --> 00:32:05,551 That's the Fine-Structure Constant, but it's in 14-digit chunks. 407 00:32:05,759 --> 00:32:08,139 I think maybe they're trying to figure out how smart we are. 408 00:32:08,220 --> 00:32:10,323 Or they're trying to tell us that they're from a planet 409 00:32:10,347 --> 00:32:12,177 that has the same physical laws as ours. 410 00:32:12,266 --> 00:32:14,476 But they're not from five billion light years away... 411 00:32:14,560 --> 00:32:16,600 He's already figured it out. It's the FSC. 412 00:32:21,191 --> 00:32:23,781 Isn't the lead singer like the main part of the band? 413 00:32:23,861 --> 00:32:25,821 So, it may as well be a cover band with like, 414 00:32:25,904 --> 00:32:28,024 you know, it's like the same guitarist and everything, 415 00:32:28,073 --> 00:32:31,793 but I just feel like on a basic level, like it's pretty different right? 416 00:32:31,869 --> 00:32:32,869 I mean, I don't know. 417 00:32:35,289 --> 00:32:37,999 Lee, did you get my message? They're using basic math 418 00:32:38,083 --> 00:32:41,383 as a way to communicate: 1+2=3, 3-2=1. 419 00:32:41,879 --> 00:32:44,379 Okay and the Fine-Structure Constant is in there. 420 00:32:44,756 --> 00:32:47,569 So maybe they're trying to tell us they're actually from somewhere nearby 421 00:32:47,593 --> 00:32:50,643 or maybe they're just trying to establish a common mathematical language 422 00:32:50,762 --> 00:32:53,852 so that we can actually decode it. I mean, anyone who knows basic math 423 00:32:53,932 --> 00:32:59,312 and physics, knows numbers like 3.14159 and 0.007297. 424 00:33:00,147 --> 00:33:03,477 Yeah, of course. What is this 38? 425 00:33:04,401 --> 00:33:05,531 That's binary. 426 00:33:06,945 --> 00:33:10,695 Then there's 2,623 times 2,953. 427 00:33:10,824 --> 00:33:14,414 Okay so 2,623 is the total number of bits in the signal. 428 00:33:14,494 --> 00:33:19,964 Each one is one-tenth of a second long. That comes out to roughly 774,572 seconds. 429 00:33:20,083 --> 00:33:24,343 So that's almost exactly nine days, okay. So, Tuesday, the day of the sighting, 430 00:33:24,671 --> 00:33:27,591 plus nine days, that's next Thursday. That's six days from now. 431 00:33:30,302 --> 00:33:31,802 Okay, so what's happening Thursday? 432 00:33:33,180 --> 00:33:34,260 Maybe it's coming back. 433 00:33:39,269 --> 00:33:42,109 I'm not an astrophysicist so thank you for coming. 434 00:33:42,189 --> 00:33:45,359 I just want to ask you a few questions about the Fine-Structure Constant. 435 00:33:46,485 --> 00:33:49,865 I'm told that you could shed some light on it, how it could be used as a benchmark 436 00:33:49,947 --> 00:33:53,157 for determining intelligence or pinpointing a location in space. 437 00:33:54,117 --> 00:33:58,657 Using the FSC to determine intelligence is fairly straightforward, 438 00:33:58,747 --> 00:34:01,917 but using it to pinpoint a location in space is problematic. 439 00:34:02,584 --> 00:34:05,344 Say the FSC is different in different parts of space, 440 00:34:05,462 --> 00:34:08,092 which there's essentially no evidence of. 441 00:34:08,465 --> 00:34:13,465 If the FSC did depend on things like local density, and if two places, 442 00:34:13,637 --> 00:34:17,267 way far apart from each other had the same local density, 443 00:34:17,683 --> 00:34:19,893 they might also have the same FSC. 444 00:34:20,394 --> 00:34:24,114 And if you gave that number to someone, how would they know which place to go? 445 00:34:25,357 --> 00:34:28,857 But if we had more than one, couldn't we use them the same way 446 00:34:28,986 --> 00:34:31,106 we use pulsars to pinpoint locations? 447 00:34:31,488 --> 00:34:33,448 Over a much greater distance, obviously? 448 00:34:33,991 --> 00:34:37,291 The idea that it's different in different parts of space 449 00:34:37,369 --> 00:34:39,409 isn't really the focus of research now. 450 00:34:43,041 --> 00:34:45,631 You know, I have a room full of scientists who haven't been able 451 00:34:45,752 --> 00:34:46,962 to explain anything to me. 452 00:34:50,966 --> 00:34:53,466 The mystery continues concerning the object seen 453 00:34:53,594 --> 00:34:57,724 hovering over CVG this past Tuesday which the FAA says 454 00:34:57,806 --> 00:35:02,306 is no longer unidentified, but was actually a Gulfstream IV airplane. 455 00:35:02,686 --> 00:35:06,356 Reports of more bizarre activity around the time of the sighting have surfaced, 456 00:35:06,440 --> 00:35:10,240 including widespread disruption of radio and cell phone signals. 457 00:35:10,527 --> 00:35:15,157 Verizon, AT&T and Sprint all confirmed major service interruptions 458 00:35:15,282 --> 00:35:18,162 in the Ohio and Kentucky area near the airport, 459 00:35:18,368 --> 00:35:20,748 with T-Mobile being the least affected. 460 00:35:54,112 --> 00:35:55,242 Were you open last Tuesday? 461 00:35:55,322 --> 00:35:57,072 Did you hear about the thing at the airport? 462 00:35:57,157 --> 00:35:59,157 No, I didn't see it, but I heard about it. 463 00:35:59,368 --> 00:36:01,346 And I think it might have messed with my cell phone. 464 00:36:01,370 --> 00:36:03,000 I kept getting all this static. 465 00:36:08,335 --> 00:36:10,415 Hey! Were you open, last Tuesday? 466 00:36:19,012 --> 00:36:21,142 So, if this was a UFO, right? 467 00:36:21,265 --> 00:36:22,475 And there were aliens on it... 468 00:36:23,475 --> 00:36:25,035 what do you think they would look like? 469 00:36:26,603 --> 00:36:30,073 You mean, do I think they're like little grey people with big black eyes? 470 00:36:31,525 --> 00:36:33,365 - Yeah. - Okay. 471 00:36:35,279 --> 00:36:36,279 Think about this. 472 00:36:37,739 --> 00:36:39,319 I can take these two shakers, right? 473 00:36:39,533 --> 00:36:41,993 Put them in front of you and count them. One, two... 474 00:36:42,703 --> 00:36:44,833 because they stay in place, right? 475 00:36:44,955 --> 00:36:46,965 But if I was from a liquid planet, 476 00:36:47,082 --> 00:36:49,882 and I don't mean a planet that's just covered in ocean, 477 00:36:50,002 --> 00:36:52,382 but one that is molten all the way through, 478 00:36:52,462 --> 00:36:54,132 by the time I put the second one down, 479 00:36:54,256 --> 00:36:55,546 - the first... - Will burn up! 480 00:36:56,592 --> 00:36:58,432 - No, Lee. The first one, - Or it would be gone. 481 00:36:58,635 --> 00:37:00,095 Well, it could have moved off. 482 00:37:02,806 --> 00:37:04,556 You know, I asked what they would look like. 483 00:37:05,934 --> 00:37:09,354 Well, they probably look like... 484 00:37:10,939 --> 00:37:14,029 something so far beyond what you could possibly imagine. 485 00:37:18,697 --> 00:37:20,457 "Found something in the signal. I'll tell you 486 00:37:20,532 --> 00:37:22,492 if you come to the party tonight." 487 00:37:23,035 --> 00:37:24,035 What party? 488 00:37:24,661 --> 00:37:26,541 It's probably that Sigma Kai thing. 489 00:37:27,748 --> 00:37:29,538 Is that... is that Natalie? 490 00:37:36,340 --> 00:37:38,630 9,433 is a prime number; 491 00:37:39,468 --> 00:37:41,218 the multiplier at the end of the signal. 492 00:37:41,637 --> 00:37:44,347 9,433 times 38. 493 00:37:46,433 --> 00:37:48,786 - So, what does that mean? - Well, a sequence of prime numbers 494 00:37:48,810 --> 00:37:51,060 could mean it came from an intelligent lifeform, 495 00:37:51,146 --> 00:37:55,526 but one on its own doesn't mean anything necessarily. 496 00:37:56,818 --> 00:37:59,398 - So, you're going? - To what? 497 00:37:59,905 --> 00:38:02,535 To the party that you just agreed to go to. 498 00:38:03,492 --> 00:38:05,042 We're heading over at eight. 499 00:38:07,746 --> 00:38:10,246 You're right, this is stupid. I'm can't, I'm sorry. 500 00:38:10,332 --> 00:38:11,332 This is first... 501 00:38:17,214 --> 00:38:18,724 Text me if you change your mind. 502 00:39:10,809 --> 00:39:14,229 - Campus Police. - Yeah, hey, I just got home, 503 00:39:14,313 --> 00:39:16,903 and someone has broken into my apartment, okay. 504 00:39:16,982 --> 00:39:21,192 All my stuff's... oh, shit. 505 00:39:22,404 --> 00:39:23,494 My webcam's on. 506 00:39:26,491 --> 00:39:29,081 There's an executable running in the System Processes 507 00:39:29,161 --> 00:39:31,451 and my webcam was on. I didn't turn it on. 508 00:39:34,166 --> 00:39:35,446 Could you possibly have a virus? 509 00:39:38,921 --> 00:39:41,171 It's not a virus. It's not behaving like a virus. 510 00:39:43,050 --> 00:39:45,890 Did anyone physically break in here? 511 00:39:47,054 --> 00:39:48,054 Yeah. 512 00:39:48,639 --> 00:39:50,889 I just have one more question. Whose is this? 513 00:40:40,691 --> 00:40:42,651 There was an executable running in the background 514 00:40:42,734 --> 00:40:44,284 and I had no idea what it was. 515 00:40:44,444 --> 00:40:47,284 I tried reformatting the computer, but it just showed up again. 516 00:40:47,489 --> 00:40:48,909 It was on Lee's computer too. 517 00:40:49,074 --> 00:40:50,454 Hello, leave a message. 518 00:40:50,617 --> 00:40:53,297 - I saw something in the activity monitor. - He's still not answering. 519 00:40:53,412 --> 00:40:56,462 It looks like somebody was... Had tried to change the size of... 520 00:41:01,086 --> 00:41:05,296 2,623 doesn't have any other divisors 521 00:41:05,966 --> 00:41:08,176 other than 43 and 61, does it? 522 00:41:10,470 --> 00:41:11,930 Those are both prime. 523 00:41:17,728 --> 00:41:21,648 So, if I resize the window 61 by 43... 524 00:41:23,734 --> 00:41:24,734 it's a grid! 525 00:41:25,652 --> 00:41:28,662 All the dots line up! Why didn't I see this before? 526 00:41:28,906 --> 00:41:33,736 They wanted us to know that 2,623 meant something, like the Arecibo Signal. 527 00:41:34,912 --> 00:41:39,292 The signal that Frank Drake and Carl Sagan sent out in space in the '70's, right? 528 00:41:39,416 --> 00:41:41,326 That was a semi-prime number too. 529 00:41:43,462 --> 00:41:45,762 We have to go. Professor Magg's panel discussion; 530 00:41:46,298 --> 00:41:47,298 it's today. 531 00:41:49,635 --> 00:41:54,435 Nine, four, three, three times 38, Nine, four, three, three times 22; 532 00:41:55,140 --> 00:41:56,680 what do these two lines mean? 533 00:41:59,686 --> 00:42:03,226 I wonder if they've got anything to do with the Fine-Structure Constant. 534 00:42:21,041 --> 00:42:25,001 Can anyone explain to me how this can be used for determining intelligence? 535 00:42:25,838 --> 00:42:28,088 As well as pinpointing a location in space? 536 00:42:31,760 --> 00:42:34,890 How come we don't know everything there is to know about this number? 537 00:42:35,764 --> 00:42:37,024 People? 538 00:42:37,266 --> 00:42:39,726 I guarantee you, if this was the Manhattan Project 539 00:42:39,810 --> 00:42:42,560 or you all were trying to decode the Enigma machine, 540 00:42:42,688 --> 00:42:44,858 things would be a little bit different in here. 541 00:42:44,940 --> 00:42:47,900 So, I'm gonna try to put this in a little bit of perspective for you. 542 00:42:51,154 --> 00:42:52,954 Ten to the 16 watts of energy. 543 00:42:54,867 --> 00:42:57,447 Now, I know you're all familiar with the Kardashev Scale, 544 00:42:57,578 --> 00:43:00,038 Type I, Type II, Type III civilisations. 545 00:43:01,164 --> 00:43:05,254 Type I is a global civilisation that controls an energy level 546 00:43:05,377 --> 00:43:07,997 roughly equivalent to all of the solar energy 547 00:43:08,088 --> 00:43:09,378 striking the planet's surface. 548 00:43:10,174 --> 00:43:13,764 Ten to the 16 or 17 watts. 549 00:43:14,178 --> 00:43:18,638 Type II controls all the energy from a star and Type III is galactic. 550 00:43:21,143 --> 00:43:25,403 Right now, we are about a Type 0.7. 551 00:43:26,231 --> 00:43:31,241 We are becoming a global civilisation, but we are not quite there yet. 552 00:43:31,320 --> 00:43:37,370 We control... roughly ten to the 13 watts of energy. 553 00:43:37,910 --> 00:43:40,620 Now, scientists like you, 554 00:43:41,121 --> 00:43:44,461 have calculated that we might possibly make the transition 555 00:43:44,541 --> 00:43:47,631 to a Type I in the next hundred years or so, 556 00:43:48,587 --> 00:43:50,377 if we don't destroy ourselves first. 557 00:43:52,424 --> 00:43:55,894 We should see evidence of Type I, Type II, Type III civilisations 558 00:43:56,136 --> 00:43:59,426 everywhere in the universe, if they existed, 559 00:43:59,556 --> 00:44:01,016 but what have we found so far? 560 00:44:01,808 --> 00:44:04,558 Nothing, which makes me think 561 00:44:05,729 --> 00:44:09,729 it's either very rare or impossible to make that first step 562 00:44:09,816 --> 00:44:13,986 to becoming a Type I, but whatever, or whomever, showed up 563 00:44:14,071 --> 00:44:19,081 at CVG the other day, travelled huge distances to get here. 564 00:44:20,577 --> 00:44:24,787 They have a mastery of space travel that, well, we can't even begin to understand. 565 00:44:26,625 --> 00:44:30,965 Chances are they have made that first step, maybe even the second. 566 00:44:33,674 --> 00:44:36,684 And we need to find out how they did it and learn from that 567 00:44:36,760 --> 00:44:38,680 because I don't know about you, but... 568 00:44:39,179 --> 00:44:40,969 I'm pretty sure we can't do it on our own. 569 00:44:55,904 --> 00:44:58,064 It's eight o' clock, have you tried calling Lee at all? 570 00:44:58,115 --> 00:44:59,325 He's going to be fine. 571 00:44:59,992 --> 00:45:02,292 The second you sat down, you had your computer open 572 00:45:02,369 --> 00:45:03,909 and you were working on that crap! 573 00:45:04,663 --> 00:45:06,583 I bet you totally forgot about tomorrow. 574 00:45:06,790 --> 00:45:09,750 You're taking the practice GRE at 9:00, I'm driving you. 575 00:45:09,960 --> 00:45:12,960 Now will you please just... Will you come with me, 576 00:45:13,046 --> 00:45:14,806 because there's something I want to show you. 577 00:45:14,965 --> 00:45:17,845 - Derek, I'm going home. - I didn't sleep at all last night. 578 00:45:18,093 --> 00:45:19,643 I'm sure Lee didn't either. 579 00:45:20,429 --> 00:45:21,906 What if he gets kicked out of school? 580 00:45:21,930 --> 00:45:23,770 His Dad's a huge benefactor at UC. 581 00:45:26,560 --> 00:45:28,690 Okay, now will you come with me? Please? 582 00:45:39,865 --> 00:45:40,875 Over here. 583 00:45:47,456 --> 00:45:51,836 Okay, so if this is the distance between the Sun and the Earth, 584 00:45:52,669 --> 00:45:54,839 how far do you think the next closest star is? 585 00:45:55,547 --> 00:45:56,757 Proxima Centauri? 586 00:45:57,883 --> 00:45:58,883 Twenty feet? 587 00:46:00,385 --> 00:46:01,385 See, 71? 588 00:46:02,846 --> 00:46:05,636 About twice as far as that, 4.3 miles. 589 00:46:06,808 --> 00:46:08,098 Now, if that's our scale, 590 00:46:08,685 --> 00:46:10,685 how big do you think the galaxy is? 591 00:46:13,982 --> 00:46:16,032 You'd have to keep walking in that direction 592 00:46:17,110 --> 00:46:20,030 until you got right back here; all the way around the world, 593 00:46:20,572 --> 00:46:22,492 and then do that three more times. 594 00:46:23,534 --> 00:46:24,914 And that's just our galaxy. 595 00:46:25,619 --> 00:46:29,249 There are at least 100 billion other galaxies out there. 596 00:46:29,373 --> 00:46:31,213 Derek, do you know why I did that panel today? 597 00:46:33,252 --> 00:46:37,012 Because I live on Earth. And I need to get in good with Professor Magg, 598 00:46:37,089 --> 00:46:39,219 so he'll give me a recommendation for grad school. 599 00:46:40,425 --> 00:46:42,585 What's your plan? What are you doing? 600 00:46:42,678 --> 00:46:44,572 'Cause it seems like the only thing you care about 601 00:46:44,596 --> 00:46:47,636 - is that signal. - It is the only thing I care about. 602 00:46:57,109 --> 00:46:58,649 When I was a kid, I saw something. 603 00:47:02,781 --> 00:47:05,871 I was in the diner where my mum used to work... 604 00:47:10,122 --> 00:47:13,582 and I saw these lights outside. 605 00:47:15,127 --> 00:47:18,707 Not like a helicopter light, or airplane, or whatever. 606 00:47:20,799 --> 00:47:25,259 I mean, they were... They were moving together. 607 00:47:27,639 --> 00:47:30,889 And it wasn't like some grainy video where you can't see anything. 608 00:47:31,810 --> 00:47:32,810 I saw it. 609 00:47:35,939 --> 00:47:39,029 I tried to tell her about it, but she didn't listen to me. 610 00:47:42,988 --> 00:47:44,278 What was she supposed to do? 611 00:47:44,364 --> 00:47:45,664 Believe me. 612 00:47:47,868 --> 00:47:49,198 Do something. 613 00:47:51,496 --> 00:47:54,036 - I don't know. - Put yourself in her shoes. 614 00:47:55,167 --> 00:47:57,837 You know, your kid starts talking about aliens. 615 00:48:02,049 --> 00:48:03,049 You know what I think? 616 00:48:04,676 --> 00:48:05,836 I think she just didn't care. 617 00:48:10,224 --> 00:48:11,604 Okay, so you have some baggage. 618 00:48:12,935 --> 00:48:15,295 Doesn't give you the right to treat everyone else like shit. 619 00:48:22,861 --> 00:48:24,241 Hundreds of years go by... 620 00:48:26,073 --> 00:48:28,623 and people make tiny, little improvements. 621 00:48:30,244 --> 00:48:33,914 And then there's an opportunity to take a giant leap forward. 622 00:48:34,581 --> 00:48:36,961 Like with relativity, or going to the moon. 623 00:48:39,211 --> 00:48:40,381 When it's your finals week, 624 00:48:41,338 --> 00:48:44,088 you cut yourself off from everyone. You go to the library, 625 00:48:44,174 --> 00:48:45,764 you drink 100 cans of Red Bull. 626 00:48:47,010 --> 00:48:48,930 You don't talk to anyone for, like, four days, 627 00:48:49,054 --> 00:48:52,024 because you know everything is riding on it. 628 00:48:53,016 --> 00:48:54,596 This is my finals week. 629 00:48:56,687 --> 00:48:59,307 What are the most important questions in the world? 630 00:49:00,566 --> 00:49:01,566 "Is there a God?" 631 00:49:03,485 --> 00:49:04,815 "What happens when we die?" 632 00:49:06,113 --> 00:49:10,083 And... "Are we alone in the universe?" 633 00:49:13,245 --> 00:49:16,005 If anyone answered any one of those questions, 634 00:49:16,957 --> 00:49:18,577 it would change everything. 635 00:49:39,813 --> 00:49:41,863 We're never as alone as we think we are. 636 00:50:00,459 --> 00:50:03,999 Hey, we've... we've been trying to call you. 637 00:50:05,214 --> 00:50:06,214 Phone's dead. 638 00:50:08,175 --> 00:50:10,185 What, did they give you a fine or what? 639 00:50:12,262 --> 00:50:14,382 You're not going to get kicked out of school, are you? 640 00:50:25,651 --> 00:50:29,861 Lee, I... I didn't know that stuff was in there, 641 00:50:30,948 --> 00:50:34,028 but I think someone's monitoring our computers. 642 00:50:34,243 --> 00:50:35,243 Who? 643 00:50:36,203 --> 00:50:38,293 What the fuck are the police going to do about it? 644 00:50:38,747 --> 00:50:41,827 Right. I probably should have called the FBI. 645 00:50:43,085 --> 00:50:46,215 So basically, I got in trouble for nothing. 646 00:50:51,426 --> 00:50:56,676 We almost figured it out, okay? If you put it into a grid, 43 by 61, 647 00:50:57,641 --> 00:50:59,231 it makes so much more sense. 648 00:51:01,019 --> 00:51:04,649 And there are these two lines on it and I think they might be coordinates. 649 00:51:14,616 --> 00:51:16,196 - Could I borrow your car? - No. 650 00:51:17,244 --> 00:51:19,454 - Can you drive me to the airport then? - Oh, man! 651 00:51:19,872 --> 00:51:21,962 I have exams. Don't you? 652 00:51:22,249 --> 00:51:26,089 Tuesday, but Dave Ellison has to see this. 653 00:51:26,837 --> 00:51:27,837 And then what? 654 00:51:28,672 --> 00:51:30,358 He's just going to crack and admit to everything? 655 00:51:30,382 --> 00:51:31,762 I don't see how he can deny it. 656 00:51:34,303 --> 00:51:35,603 Can't you take a bus? 657 00:51:35,721 --> 00:51:38,641 The only way I'm going to catch him is if he's coming in or out of work. 658 00:51:39,266 --> 00:51:42,096 And if I can't get into the employee lot, I was going to follow him. 659 00:51:42,936 --> 00:51:43,936 Home? 660 00:51:47,149 --> 00:51:50,279 This is the last time. I will never ask you for anything ever again. 661 00:53:10,816 --> 00:53:11,816 That's him! 662 00:53:21,952 --> 00:53:23,622 - Go, man! - Yeah. 663 00:53:23,787 --> 00:53:25,207 Before he gets away! 664 00:53:41,513 --> 00:53:42,643 Mr Ellison? 665 00:53:42,764 --> 00:53:45,404 Did you know that there was a coded message in the tower recording? 666 00:53:45,475 --> 00:53:47,015 - What? - In the tower recording. 667 00:53:47,144 --> 00:53:49,706 It sounded like there was interference, but it was actually a signal. 668 00:53:49,730 --> 00:53:51,150 I'm sorry. Who are you? 669 00:53:51,273 --> 00:53:53,023 I'm Derek. We spoke on the phone last week. 670 00:53:53,150 --> 00:53:55,860 Excuse me? Is this the long-term lot? I think I'm lost. 671 00:53:55,903 --> 00:53:58,493 You held a press conference at five o' clock that day. 672 00:53:58,614 --> 00:54:01,834 I saw you on TV and you said that you had interviewed everyone. 673 00:54:01,909 --> 00:54:03,119 Did you do that yourself? 674 00:54:03,452 --> 00:54:06,452 How in depth were they? Were they five minutes or two hours or... 675 00:54:06,580 --> 00:54:08,250 - I don't know... - So, you didn't do it? 676 00:54:08,332 --> 00:54:09,792 - He didn't say any... - He who? 677 00:54:10,501 --> 00:54:11,961 So, there was only one guy? 678 00:54:12,085 --> 00:54:14,795 And how many people did you interview? I mean, I know about eight 679 00:54:14,963 --> 00:54:17,108 from the news article and you could not have started until... 680 00:54:17,132 --> 00:54:19,302 - Is there a problem here? - 3:30 or 4:00 the earliest. 681 00:54:19,635 --> 00:54:22,235 So, if there was one guy, and each one was about a half-hour long, 682 00:54:22,304 --> 00:54:23,704 and there were eight eye witnesses, 683 00:54:23,847 --> 00:54:26,201 I don't see how you could have started a press conference at 5:00. 684 00:54:26,225 --> 00:54:27,395 Is there a problem here? 685 00:54:29,019 --> 00:54:31,706 - We spoke to all of them briefly before... - You said that, "We interviewed 686 00:54:31,730 --> 00:54:33,875 - all the witnesses on that day." - The actual interviews 687 00:54:33,899 --> 00:54:35,835 - didn't take place until... - But you didn't even do them! 688 00:54:35,859 --> 00:54:38,069 Do you know how many threats the airport gets every day? 689 00:54:38,695 --> 00:54:40,590 If it's not somebody threatening to blow up a plane, 690 00:54:40,614 --> 00:54:43,124 they're going to bring on box cutters, hijack it, 691 00:54:43,200 --> 00:54:45,120 gun down people in the terminal, you name it. 692 00:54:45,327 --> 00:54:48,407 In the middle of all of this, I have some maintenance workers say 693 00:54:48,580 --> 00:54:51,080 they saw something hovering near the runways, but it left, 694 00:54:51,208 --> 00:54:53,788 so we checked surveillance. There's no indication of it. 695 00:54:53,919 --> 00:54:55,647 - Tower didn't see anything. - They couldn't have seen... 696 00:54:55,671 --> 00:54:59,421 So, what are we supposed to do? Issue a no-fly warning to your aliens? 697 00:54:59,550 --> 00:55:01,110 Try to convince the Air Force to scramble 698 00:55:01,134 --> 00:55:03,434 just to shoot down something that we can't find on radar? 699 00:55:03,929 --> 00:55:06,259 Close down the airport and have people miss their flights 700 00:55:06,348 --> 00:55:08,618 because of something that most people don't even believe exist? 701 00:55:08,642 --> 00:55:10,482 Even if the people in the tower said they saw... 702 00:55:10,561 --> 00:55:13,311 - They didn't see anything! - You have eight independent descriptions 703 00:55:13,438 --> 00:55:15,568 - from your own employees... - Did you see it? 704 00:55:15,691 --> 00:55:18,253 - We did a thorough investigation... - So, the interviews were a formality! 705 00:55:18,277 --> 00:55:19,629 We found that it was a Gulfstream IV, 706 00:55:19,653 --> 00:55:21,172 - Look at the tower! - Which matches what they saw. 707 00:55:21,196 --> 00:55:23,299 - With the overhang, how could they know? - What the other people saw. 708 00:55:23,323 --> 00:55:26,084 - How would they even know that? - Because it's what I told them to say! 709 00:55:31,039 --> 00:55:32,119 I want them out of here. 710 00:55:42,301 --> 00:55:44,051 Natalie, he admitted it. 711 00:55:44,553 --> 00:55:46,513 Dave admitted it was a cover-up. 712 00:55:50,225 --> 00:55:52,635 - Did you hear what I said? - Yeah. 713 00:55:55,063 --> 00:55:56,823 Are you... Are you mad at me? 714 00:55:58,233 --> 00:56:00,323 What do you need, Derek? Study notes? 715 00:56:00,986 --> 00:56:01,986 What? No. 716 00:56:02,279 --> 00:56:03,319 Then why are you here? 717 00:56:04,031 --> 00:56:06,661 I came here to tell this 'cause you're not answering your phone. 718 00:56:08,118 --> 00:56:11,368 - Do you understand how huge this is? - I missed the GRE because of you! 719 00:56:11,455 --> 00:56:13,125 The practice GRE! 720 00:56:13,207 --> 00:56:16,377 Derek, if you had the chance to redo things 721 00:56:17,419 --> 00:56:21,589 and all the circumstances were the same, would you still have left me there? 722 00:56:25,469 --> 00:56:26,509 That's what I thought. 723 00:56:27,679 --> 00:56:30,099 Look, what do I have to do to fix this? 724 00:56:31,016 --> 00:56:34,846 You can't, okay? You had a choice and you made it. 725 00:56:38,941 --> 00:56:39,941 Natalie? 726 00:57:26,864 --> 00:57:29,454 You'll never be alone. You know that, right? 727 00:58:40,729 --> 00:58:41,859 Oh, shit! 728 00:59:34,825 --> 00:59:35,835 Come on! 729 01:00:01,101 --> 01:00:02,101 Hello? 730 01:00:02,644 --> 01:00:04,654 Can I talk to Professor Hendricks, please? 731 01:00:05,480 --> 01:00:06,480 Who is this? 732 01:00:06,857 --> 01:00:10,187 It's Derek. I'm in one of her classes. 733 01:00:12,696 --> 01:00:15,156 It's Derek. He says he's a student. 734 01:00:21,455 --> 01:00:25,005 Derek? How did you get this number? 735 01:00:25,542 --> 01:00:27,228 Look, I know it's late and I shouldn't be here, 736 01:00:27,252 --> 01:00:28,552 - but I have something... - Here? 737 01:00:30,339 --> 01:00:32,609 There are phone numbers you can call where trained professionals 738 01:00:32,633 --> 01:00:34,319 - are available 24 hours a day... - You're the best... 739 01:00:34,343 --> 01:00:36,821 - You're the best mathematician I know! - to deal with this issue. 740 01:00:36,845 --> 01:00:39,215 This isn't some bullshit textbook problem, okay? 741 01:00:39,890 --> 01:00:42,480 This is more complicated than anything you've ever seen before. 742 01:00:43,101 --> 01:00:46,351 And if I'm right, I've got 'til three o'clock tomorrow to figure it out. 743 01:00:48,065 --> 01:00:49,195 Where did this come from? 744 01:00:49,816 --> 01:00:51,186 The tower radio at an airport. 745 01:00:52,986 --> 01:00:54,946 Becca, is everything all right? 746 01:00:55,614 --> 01:00:57,284 Yeah. Go back to bed. 747 01:00:58,450 --> 01:00:59,450 We'll just be a minute. 748 01:01:01,078 --> 01:01:03,408 - Sorry if I woke you guys up. - No, you're not. 749 01:01:08,126 --> 01:01:10,126 You know there was a man who lived a long time ago, 750 01:01:11,213 --> 01:01:13,213 a brilliant man, an inventor. 751 01:01:16,051 --> 01:01:17,641 He took credit for other people's work. 752 01:01:18,720 --> 01:01:21,310 He conducted dangerous experiments with radiation 753 01:01:21,473 --> 01:01:23,183 that cost his assistant his arms. 754 01:01:24,309 --> 01:01:26,099 He even helped to create the electric chair, 755 01:01:26,436 --> 01:01:28,766 and he used it to kill somebody in order to prove 756 01:01:28,856 --> 01:01:32,356 that his competitor's technology was dangerous. 757 01:01:35,988 --> 01:01:37,408 His name was Thomas Edison. 758 01:01:40,659 --> 01:01:42,739 You strike me as that kind of person, Derek. 759 01:01:44,913 --> 01:01:46,003 Now don't get me wrong, 760 01:01:46,123 --> 01:01:49,543 I like electricity, and the world needs people like that, 761 01:01:49,626 --> 01:01:52,876 but I certainly wouldn't want to be friends with him. 762 01:01:55,883 --> 01:01:57,093 I'm sorry, could you sit down? 763 01:02:03,056 --> 01:02:05,886 - You said this came from a tower radio? - Yeah. 764 01:02:06,268 --> 01:02:08,468 There was something hovering over the airport last week. 765 01:02:08,812 --> 01:02:09,942 Yeah, I heard about that. 766 01:02:10,856 --> 01:02:15,066 I think that this is a signal from that aircraft. 767 01:02:18,238 --> 01:02:21,368 You know what I've never understood about you conspiracy theorists? 768 01:02:22,201 --> 01:02:26,081 Say you parked your car in the same spot every single day outside school. 769 01:02:26,163 --> 01:02:28,293 - I don't have a car. - Let's just say you did. 770 01:02:29,917 --> 01:02:32,707 And say you parked it in the same spot every single day. 771 01:02:33,086 --> 01:02:36,166 And then one day, you came out and your car wasn't there, 772 01:02:36,340 --> 01:02:38,800 and instead, there was an orange cone. 773 01:02:39,885 --> 01:02:42,045 Would you automatically assume that your car had turned 774 01:02:42,095 --> 01:02:45,095 into an orange cone? Or would you assume that... 775 01:02:45,182 --> 01:02:46,682 - Professor... - it had gotten towed, 776 01:02:46,850 --> 01:02:48,786 or that you had accidentally parked it in a different spot? 777 01:02:48,810 --> 01:02:50,900 I don't see what that has to do with anything. 778 01:02:51,813 --> 01:02:56,533 You don't automatically jump to the most extreme explanations. 779 01:02:57,528 --> 01:03:00,738 You analyse the reasonable ones first. 780 01:03:00,948 --> 01:03:03,318 I've done that, obviously! 781 01:03:04,618 --> 01:03:08,158 And nothing that happened at the airport makes any sense. 782 01:03:10,040 --> 01:03:11,040 At all. 783 01:03:13,252 --> 01:03:14,632 Do you have the tower recording? 784 01:03:16,004 --> 01:03:20,344 No, south of that, down by you guys in the tower. Altitude maybe 2700 feet... 785 01:03:22,219 --> 01:03:23,979 I've not seen anything, but I'll have a look. 786 01:03:25,222 --> 01:03:26,512 Do you have eyes on it now? 787 01:03:26,640 --> 01:03:28,640 - Yeah, it's not moving, just laying... - No. 788 01:03:29,393 --> 01:03:31,773 The signal strengths are different on different channels. 789 01:03:33,313 --> 01:03:37,443 The strongest is the American Ground ops, and then the tower, 790 01:03:38,610 --> 01:03:40,360 and then the quietest is United. 791 01:03:49,121 --> 01:03:53,291 Okay. United is 131.075 MHz, 792 01:03:53,542 --> 01:03:56,382 the tower is 360.85, 793 01:03:57,171 --> 01:04:01,011 American is 460.675. 794 01:04:03,844 --> 01:04:06,184 It gets louder as the frequency gets higher. 795 01:04:11,435 --> 01:04:12,445 The phones. 796 01:04:19,860 --> 01:04:26,410 T-Mobile is 700 to 1700 MHz and above. The rest are 800, 850... 797 01:04:32,080 --> 01:04:37,500 Every carrier had interference except for T-Mobile for some calls. 798 01:04:38,712 --> 01:04:44,682 So somewhere between 700 and... Thank you... 1700 MHz, it stopped. 799 01:04:53,018 --> 01:04:57,358 Wait, SETI said you should use 1,420 MHz when you're sending a signal out, 800 01:04:57,523 --> 01:05:00,943 because it has the same radiation frequency as neutral hydrogen, 801 01:05:01,026 --> 01:05:03,646 and hydrogen is the most common element in the universe. 802 01:05:04,863 --> 01:05:07,913 Any intelligent life form would know that it's special. 803 01:05:08,659 --> 01:05:11,699 So, maybe they broadcast to all frequencies... 804 01:05:13,539 --> 01:05:15,999 until it built up to 1,420 MHz, 805 01:05:16,083 --> 01:05:19,503 and then they spiked it at 1,420 to draw our attention to it. 806 01:05:20,379 --> 01:05:22,459 What uses 1,400 MHz? 807 01:05:24,424 --> 01:05:27,844 - Wireless telemetry systems. - Hospitals. 808 01:05:28,428 --> 01:05:30,308 Any hospital even remotely near the airport 809 01:05:30,389 --> 01:05:31,889 would've gone completely haywire. 810 01:05:35,477 --> 01:05:39,727 - St. Elizabeth. - Hello, this is Dr Edison 811 01:05:39,815 --> 01:05:42,325 from the University of Cincinnati Medical Centre. 812 01:05:42,401 --> 01:05:46,031 We were just wondering if you had recently had any issues 813 01:05:46,113 --> 01:05:51,583 - with your wireless telemetry systems. - Yeah, I think we did actually. Last week. 814 01:05:52,411 --> 01:05:53,951 We had to send patients to Edgewood. 815 01:05:55,706 --> 01:05:58,036 The only things we don't know are these two lines. 816 01:05:58,417 --> 01:06:03,457 9,433 times 38 and 9,433 times 22. 817 01:06:05,757 --> 01:06:09,087 Maybe they're landing patterns, or maybe they're coordinates. 818 01:06:09,761 --> 01:06:14,431 - 207,526 metres north. - How would they know what a metre is? 819 01:06:14,892 --> 01:06:16,942 Or a foot, or anything. 820 01:06:17,394 --> 01:06:19,831 Maybe it's not even north and east. Maybe it's west and south. 821 01:06:19,855 --> 01:06:23,075 Well, the equations are meant to be read left to right and bottom to top, 822 01:06:24,026 --> 01:06:29,486 and so, it would make sense that the coordinates might be up and over. 823 01:06:31,366 --> 01:06:37,116 But I think you need to talk to a physicist or an astrophysicist. 824 01:06:37,414 --> 01:06:38,624 I could recommend a couple. 825 01:06:41,168 --> 01:06:42,588 What? Professor. 826 01:06:43,253 --> 01:06:46,133 I know you think that if we stare at that signal long enough, 827 01:06:46,215 --> 01:06:49,265 that something is going to click, but you can't force it. 828 01:06:49,927 --> 01:06:53,807 And I am certainly not the person who's going to help you crack it. 829 01:06:54,556 --> 01:06:59,266 I mean, Maths, Science, Physics? It's a young person's game. 830 01:07:00,854 --> 01:07:02,614 Riemann. Galois. 831 01:07:04,816 --> 01:07:05,816 Einstein. 832 01:07:05,901 --> 01:07:09,361 Eugène Ehrhart was 60 when he got his PhD. 833 01:07:10,489 --> 01:07:11,869 The Ehrhart polynomial? 834 01:07:13,033 --> 01:07:14,953 Yitang Zhang was 57 835 01:07:15,786 --> 01:07:17,786 when he proved that there were an infinite number 836 01:07:17,871 --> 01:07:19,791 of consecutive pairs of primes 837 01:07:20,332 --> 01:07:22,502 that were separated by less than 70 million. 838 01:07:22,960 --> 01:07:24,090 Two examples. 839 01:07:24,169 --> 01:07:27,339 Schrödinger. Fröhlich. Smale. 840 01:07:27,422 --> 01:07:30,092 Okay! Okay. 841 01:07:32,678 --> 01:07:33,798 But I'm telling you... 842 01:07:35,556 --> 01:07:36,766 you can't force it. 843 01:07:44,147 --> 01:07:47,107 And sometimes, you just get stuck. 844 01:07:59,913 --> 01:08:01,253 I know that look. 845 01:08:05,085 --> 01:08:06,085 Okay. 846 01:08:08,255 --> 01:08:09,265 I'm kicking you out. 847 01:08:17,222 --> 01:08:21,352 We are servants rather than masters of Mathematics. 848 01:08:22,519 --> 01:08:24,899 So, you're saying I just have to wait for it to come to me. 849 01:08:26,440 --> 01:08:28,980 Do you know the definition of "we", Mr Echevaro? 850 01:09:55,237 --> 01:09:58,067 We need to be collecting every channel across the state right now. 851 01:11:05,891 --> 01:11:06,931 Afternoon. 852 01:11:33,585 --> 01:11:38,505 Chapter four. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. 853 01:11:40,884 --> 01:11:47,064 Now, if we have a square matrix "A" that represents a linear transformation, 854 01:11:47,182 --> 01:11:49,982 then this matrix times the vector 855 01:11:50,060 --> 01:11:54,810 is equal to a scalar lambda times the same vector. 856 01:11:55,274 --> 01:11:58,114 Now, the "v" is called an eigenvector, 857 01:11:58,193 --> 01:12:00,533 and the lambda is called an eigenvalue, 858 01:12:00,612 --> 01:12:04,322 and these kinds of problems have applications in all kinds of things, 859 01:12:04,408 --> 01:12:08,998 like structural engineering and spin transitions and neutral hydrogen. 860 01:12:20,174 --> 01:12:22,514 And it has a wavelength of 21 centimetres. 861 01:12:27,347 --> 01:12:29,307 That would be significant, wouldn't it? 862 01:12:30,475 --> 01:12:31,475 Derek? 863 01:12:36,356 --> 01:12:37,356 It doesn't matter. 864 01:12:37,566 --> 01:12:40,066 The matrix is double, or half, or whatever. 865 01:12:40,569 --> 01:12:42,489 21 centimetres. 866 01:12:44,573 --> 01:12:46,123 21 centimetres, what? 867 01:12:46,617 --> 01:12:48,367 The frequency of hydrogen. 868 01:12:52,998 --> 01:12:58,338 The spectral line of neutral hydrogen has a frequency of 1,420 MHz 869 01:12:58,587 --> 01:13:01,047 and a wavelength of 21 centimetres. 870 01:13:04,259 --> 01:13:07,599 Two lines, 38 increments east. 871 01:13:08,472 --> 01:13:09,472 And 22 north. 872 01:13:10,390 --> 01:13:13,310 And then you multiply both by 9,433. 873 01:13:13,393 --> 01:13:14,943 And then by 21 centimetres. 874 01:13:16,104 --> 01:13:18,484 The wavelength is the unit of the measurement. 875 01:13:19,066 --> 01:13:20,226 It is coordinates. 876 01:13:39,127 --> 01:13:41,457 Lee? Lee? 877 01:13:51,932 --> 01:13:53,142 I need to use your car? 878 01:13:54,601 --> 01:13:56,691 Please. I've only got one hour until three. 879 01:14:00,899 --> 01:14:01,899 Go, man. 880 01:14:02,526 --> 01:14:03,526 Go for it. 881 01:14:14,371 --> 01:14:16,501 - Thank you. - Yeah. 882 01:14:54,620 --> 01:14:58,540 We are servants rather than masters of Mathematics. 883 01:14:59,208 --> 01:15:02,628 Remember when I told you that 9,433 was a prime number? 884 01:15:02,961 --> 01:15:03,841 Yes. 885 01:15:03,921 --> 01:15:05,551 That would be significant, wouldn't it? 886 01:15:07,132 --> 01:15:08,172 Derek? 887 01:15:10,886 --> 01:15:12,636 What do you think they would look like? 888 01:18:45,392 --> 01:18:46,522 Here's the keys, sir. 889 01:18:54,276 --> 01:18:56,646 - Will you gentlemen excuse us, please? - Yes sir. 890 01:19:01,158 --> 01:19:02,578 Let's get those off of you. 891 01:19:32,898 --> 01:19:35,358 The sighting at CVG wasn't the first. 892 01:19:36,652 --> 01:19:37,652 There were others. 893 01:19:39,446 --> 01:19:41,946 And every time we tried to establish contact with them 894 01:19:42,241 --> 01:19:45,411 using a variation of the Arecibo signal, we failed. 895 01:19:50,958 --> 01:19:53,418 They put the fine-structure constant in their message 896 01:19:54,336 --> 01:19:56,206 to build a common mathematical language. 897 01:20:01,134 --> 01:20:04,104 I didn't know it could be used for determining intelligence. 898 01:20:06,139 --> 01:20:09,429 In the new signal we received today, there are 19 decimal places. 899 01:20:10,018 --> 01:20:11,898 We can only measure it to 12. 900 01:20:12,980 --> 01:20:15,940 And this one is much more complex than anything we've seen. 901 01:20:16,525 --> 01:20:19,495 The last one was 14-bit, but this one is 42-bit. 902 01:20:20,070 --> 01:20:23,620 And not only is it laid out on a grid, it's three-dimensional. 903 01:20:25,742 --> 01:20:28,952 Which tells us a couple of thing. One... 904 01:20:29,037 --> 01:20:31,077 They're a hell of a lot smarter than us. 905 01:20:33,167 --> 01:20:38,587 And two, when we're trying to find them, we might be off by a lot. 906 01:20:41,300 --> 01:20:43,760 In their first signal, they sent two-dimensional coordinates 907 01:20:43,844 --> 01:20:44,724 here on Earth. 908 01:20:44,803 --> 01:20:49,023 - In this new signal, I believe they sent... - Three-dimensional coordinates in space. 909 01:20:50,184 --> 01:20:54,234 Well, the focus of research now is not that it changes 910 01:20:54,313 --> 01:20:58,823 throughout the universe, but that it changes over time. 911 01:21:03,530 --> 01:21:07,330 Okay, so we have to work out a more accurate way of measuring the FSC. 912 01:21:09,995 --> 01:21:13,335 Which means developing new technologies, new theories. 913 01:21:14,958 --> 01:21:18,668 And that could take five years or 500. 914 01:21:20,130 --> 01:21:21,800 Or five months, with your help. 915 01:21:27,346 --> 01:21:29,306 And you do understand what this means? 916 01:21:38,232 --> 01:21:39,272 We're not alone. 917 01:21:53,121 --> 01:21:55,141 And then there's this story you may have already heard about. 918 01:21:55,165 --> 01:21:57,685 United Airlines employees who swear that there's something other-worldly 919 01:21:57,709 --> 01:22:01,049 in the skies above Chicago's O'Hare Airport on November 7th, 920 01:22:01,255 --> 01:22:03,635 but neither the FAA, nor indeed their own employer, 921 01:22:03,715 --> 01:22:05,151 appears to be taking them seriously. 922 01:22:05,175 --> 01:22:07,635 Chicago Tribune, interviewing several people anonymously, 923 01:22:07,719 --> 01:22:10,849 including maintenance workers, baggage handlers and pilots, 924 01:22:11,014 --> 01:22:14,564 who each have all described a dark grey, saucer-like object 925 01:22:14,726 --> 01:22:16,686 that hovered low over Concourse C 926 01:22:16,812 --> 01:22:19,482 of the United Airlines terminal just before sunset 927 01:22:19,648 --> 01:22:22,278 before shooting off into the sky. Some say it moved so fast, 928 01:22:22,359 --> 01:22:26,399 it literally punched a hole in the clouds. United Airlines claims it had no record 929 01:22:26,488 --> 01:22:29,158 of the sighting, even though employees say they filled out reports. 930 01:22:29,449 --> 01:22:34,159 The FAA initially told the Tribune that it likewise had no information on the UFO. 931 01:22:34,288 --> 01:22:36,038 Then, after the newspapers filed paperwork 932 01:22:36,123 --> 01:22:39,173 under the Freedom of Information Act, the FAA turned up a call 933 01:22:39,251 --> 01:22:42,631 from the United Airlines supervisor to the airport control tower 934 01:22:42,713 --> 01:22:47,223 asking whether the object was on-radar. And now, the agency has concluded 935 01:22:47,301 --> 01:22:51,551 it was, quote, "weather phenomenon", and it considers this case closed. 77919

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