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1
00:00:09,121 --> 00:00:13,440
"Ty jsi m�j stvo�itel,
ale j� jsem tv�j p�n..."
2
00:00:13,640 --> 00:00:16,088
- Marry Shelleyov� (1818)
3
00:00:35,979 --> 00:00:38,131
Moment�ln� jsme na pokraji
4
00:00:38,331 --> 00:00:41,816
sv�ta st�le v�ce se zintenziv�uj�c�,
5
00:00:42,016 --> 00:00:45,825
sofistikovan� um�l� inteligence.
6
00:00:46,025 --> 00:00:48,445
Technologie se vyv�j� mnohem rychleji,
7
00:00:48,645 --> 00:00:52,087
ne� je spole�nost schopn�
ochr�nit n�s coby ob�any.
8
00:00:52,488 --> 00:00:56,611
Roboti p�ich�zej� a zni�� n� sv�t.
9
00:01:02,801 --> 00:01:04,998
M�te s�ovou inteligenci,
kter� na n�s dohl��,
10
00:01:05,198 --> 00:01:09,060
v� o n�s �pln� v�echno
a za��n� se n�s pokou�et zm�nit.
11
00:01:09,260 --> 00:01:13,136
Twitter se stal jedni�kou
v oblasti sv�tov�ho zpravodajstv�.
12
00:01:13,336 --> 00:01:16,096
Technologie nikdy nen�
dobr� nebo �patn�.
13
00:01:16,296 --> 00:01:18,343
Jde o to, co s tou technologi� d�l�me.
14
00:01:20,334 --> 00:01:25,882
Nakonec p�ijdou mili�ny lid� o pr�ci,
proto�e jejich schopnosti budou zastaral�.
15
00:01:26,393 --> 00:01:30,070
Masov� nezam�stnanost.
V�razn� nerovnopr�vnost.
16
00:01:30,270 --> 00:01:32,272
Dokonce i soci�ln� nepokoje.
17
00:01:32,472 --> 00:01:39,093
A� u� se m�me b�t nebo ne,
ta zm�na se bl�� a nikdo ji nezastav�.
18
00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:49,832
Investovali jsme spoustu pen�z,
tak�e je logick�, �e vojsko
19
00:01:50,032 --> 00:01:53,928
m� vlastn� po�adavky na
vyu�it� t�chto technologi�.
20
00:01:54,317 --> 00:01:58,484
Autonomn� zbra�ov� syst�my povedou
k z�vod�m v glob�ln�m zbrojen�,
21
00:01:58,684 --> 00:02:00,781
aby se vyrovnaly nukle�rn� ��e.
22
00:02:03,102 --> 00:02:06,754
V�me jak to skon��, nakonec n�s zabijou.
23
00:02:11,834 --> 00:02:15,796
Tento technologick� pokrok
povede k neuv��iteln�m z�zrak�m
24
00:02:16,774 --> 00:02:18,873
a neuv��iteln�m hr�z�m.
25
00:02:25,146 --> 00:02:26,551
Vytvo�ili jsme to...
26
00:02:28,253 --> 00:02:30,220
Tak�e mysl�m, �e jak
jde v�voj kup�edu,
27
00:02:30,420 --> 00:02:33,447
bude tato inteligence
obsahovat ��st n�s samotn�ch
28
00:02:34,889 --> 00:02:38,561
mysl�m ale, �e ot�zkou je:
"Bude obsahovat to dobr�
29
00:02:40,313 --> 00:02:42,101
nebo to zl�?"
30
00:02:47,675 --> 00:02:51,197
V���TE TOMUTO PO��TA�I?
31
00:02:52,480 --> 00:02:57,737
V���TE TOMUTO PO��TA�I?
V���M / NEV���M
32
00:02:57,851 --> 00:02:58,543
V���TE TOMUTO PO��TA�I?
V���M / NEV���M
33
00:03:05,762 --> 00:03:08,922
P�e�iv�� tu v�lku nazvali
"Den z��tov�n�".
34
00:03:09,629 --> 00:03:12,180
�ekli mi, �e se m�m
postavit dal�� no�n� m��e.
35
00:03:13,580 --> 00:03:15,574
V�lce proti stroj�m.
36
00:03:16,142 --> 00:03:18,329
Mysl�m, �e jsme to tot�ln� posrali.
37
00:03:19,166 --> 00:03:24,619
Mysl�m, �e Hollywood zvl�dl nao�kovat
�irok� ve�ejnosti tuhle my�lenku.
38
00:03:24,819 --> 00:03:28,442
My�lenku stroj�, kter� ovl�dnou sv�t.
39
00:03:29,402 --> 00:03:31,320
Otev�i dve�e hang�ru, Ale.
40
00:03:32,878 --> 00:03:36,652
Promi�, Dave, ob�v�m se,
�e to nemohu ud�lat.
41
00:03:38,895 --> 00:03:41,755
- Ale? Ale!
- Tolikr�t u� n�s vylekali,
42
00:03:41,955 --> 00:03:43,586
�e to ve�ejnost p�estala �e�it.
43
00:03:43,786 --> 00:03:46,336
Proto�e je to jako sci-fi.
I kdy� tu te� sed�me a bav�me se
44
00:03:46,536 --> 00:03:47,664
tak to p�sob� trochu divn�.
45
00:03:47,864 --> 00:03:52,675
Tak trochu jako: "Jo, tohle je
n�co z n�jak�ho b��kov�ho filmu."
46
00:03:52,875 --> 00:03:56,712
Whopper mysl� v�t�inu �asu
na 3. sv�tovou v�lku.
47
00:03:57,619 --> 00:03:58,769
Ale nen� to tak.
48
00:03:59,930 --> 00:04:02,645
Ve�ejnost se t�m nech� ukol�bat.
49
00:04:12,391 --> 00:04:18,117
Jako spole�nost i jako jedinci jsme ��m
d�l v�c obklopeni um�lou inteligenc�.
50
00:04:19,943 --> 00:04:23,547
Kdy� m�me na dlani tohle
kapesn� za��zen�,
51
00:04:23,747 --> 00:04:27,407
kter� moment�ln� pou��v�me pro
usnadn�n� na�ich rozhodnut�,
52
00:04:27,607 --> 00:04:31,585
za pomoci soustavy rozs�hl�ch
algoritm�, kter�m v�bec nerozum�me.
53
00:04:35,550 --> 00:04:38,886
U� n�s nep�ekvapuje my�lenka,
�e m��eme mluvit na n� telefon
54
00:04:39,086 --> 00:04:40,969
a on n�m v�t�inou rozum�.
55
00:04:41,169 --> 00:04:43,162
Na�la jsem mno�stv� ak�n�ch film�.
56
00:04:43,362 --> 00:04:45,133
P�ed p�ti lety tohle neexistovalo.
57
00:04:45,713 --> 00:04:49,458
Robotika, stroje, kter� vid�,
mluv� a poslouchaj�.
58
00:04:49,658 --> 00:04:51,001
To v�echno je te� re�ln�.
59
00:04:51,206 --> 00:04:55,207
A tyhle technologie z�sadn�
zm�n� na�i spole�nost.
60
00:04:57,001 --> 00:05:00,016
Te� tu m�me to skv�l� hnut�
samo�iditeln�ch aut.
61
00:05:01,117 --> 00:05:05,317
Moct ��dit autonomn� auto
m��e lidem usnadnit �ivoty.
62
00:05:06,892 --> 00:05:08,959
P�i�el jsem o n�kolik �len� m� rodiny,
63
00:05:09,159 --> 00:05:12,560
v�etn� m� matky, bratra,
m� �vagrov� a jejich d�t�
64
00:05:12,970 --> 00:05:14,399
kv�li dopravn�m nehod�m.
65
00:05:14,774 --> 00:05:20,232
Je jasn�, �e m��eme t�m�� eliminovat
dopravn� nehody d�ky automatizaci.
66
00:05:20,861 --> 00:05:24,652
Ro�n� 30.000 �ivot� jen v USA
a t�m�� mili�n po cel�m sv�t�.
67
00:05:26,324 --> 00:05:28,535
Ve zdravotnictv� je v�asn� indikace
68
00:05:28,735 --> 00:05:33,314
to nejz�sadn�j��, tak�e to je dal��
m�sto, kde lze zachr�nit n��� �ivot.
69
00:05:34,456 --> 00:05:36,403
Tady v Centru pro
v�zkum rakoviny prsou
70
00:05:36,603 --> 00:05:41,631
to, co ud�l� mozek radiologisty
b�hem dvou minut,
71
00:05:41,831 --> 00:05:43,865
dok�e po��ta� okam�it�.
72
00:05:44,547 --> 00:05:47,986
Po��ta� se pod�v�
na mili�n mamogram�,
73
00:05:48,186 --> 00:05:52,031
vezme ta data a pou�ije je
na tento sn�mek. Okam�it�.
74
00:05:52,450 --> 00:05:55,130
Tak�e l�ka�sk� vyu�it� je z�sadn�.
75
00:05:57,334 --> 00:06:00,479
Dal�� zaj�mav� oblast, ve kter�
vid�me velmi v�razn� v�voj,
76
00:06:00,679 --> 00:06:03,849
je skute�n� pochopen�
na�eho genetick�ho k�du
77
00:06:04,235 --> 00:06:08,466
a jeho vyu�it� pro diagnostikov�n�
nemoci a vytvo�en� individu�ln� l��by.
78
00:06:12,688 --> 00:06:17,289
Prim�rn� pou�it� t�chto stroj� je
k roz���en� na�� vlastn� inteligence.
79
00:06:18,202 --> 00:06:22,841
Budeme chyt�ej��, tak�e se n�m
snadn�ji budou �e�it probl�my,
80
00:06:23,555 --> 00:06:26,942
nemus�me st�rnout, budeme schopni
pochopit st�rnut� a zastavit ho.
81
00:06:27,939 --> 00:06:31,580
Skute�n� nejsou ��dn� hranice toho,
co stroje mohou d�lat m�sto lid�.
82
00:06:37,090 --> 00:06:39,942
Jak m��e chyt�ej�� stroj
neb�t lep�� stroj?
83
00:06:42,738 --> 00:06:47,634
T�ko p�esn� ��ct, kdy jsem si za�al
myslet, �e je to trochu naivn�.
84
00:06:57,599 --> 00:07:01,709
Stuart Russel je prakticky
b�h na poli um�l� inteligence.
85
00:07:01,909 --> 00:07:04,637
Napsal knihu, kterou pou��v�
t�m�� ka�d� univerzita.
86
00:07:05,188 --> 00:07:07,934
��k�val jsem, �e je to nejl�pe
prod�van� kniha o UI,
87
00:07:08,134 --> 00:07:10,896
te� ��k�m, �e je to
nej�ast�ji kraden� PDFko.
88
00:07:14,542 --> 00:07:17,936
Um�l� inteligence je o tom,
ud�lat po��ta�e chyt�ej��.
89
00:07:18,136 --> 00:07:21,851
A z pohledu ve�ejnosti
je um�l� inteligence n�co,
90
00:07:22,051 --> 00:07:24,823
co je p�ekvapiv� inteligentn�
ve srovn�n� s t�m,
91
00:07:25,023 --> 00:07:27,771
co si obvykle mysl�me,
�e jsou po��ta�e schopn� d�lat.
92
00:07:29,196 --> 00:07:32,193
UI je prakticky oblast v�zkumu,
93
00:07:32,393 --> 00:07:36,625
kter� se v podstat� sna�� simulovat
v�emo�n� lidsk� schopnosti.
94
00:07:37,592 --> 00:07:39,119
Jsme v ��e UI.
95
00:07:39,510 --> 00:07:42,916
Silicon Valley m� schopnost se
zam��it na jednu zaj�mavou v�c,
96
00:07:43,116 --> 00:07:46,575
za posledn� desetilet� to byly
soci�ln� s�t� a soci�ln� m�dia.
97
00:07:46,775 --> 00:07:48,927
A je jasn�, �e tenhle
bit u� se p�epnul.
98
00:07:49,127 --> 00:07:51,403
Za��n� to schopnost� stroj� u�it se.
99
00:07:51,603 --> 00:07:54,710
Kdy� se ohl�dneme zp�tky,
co byla prvn� UI?
100
00:07:55,150 --> 00:07:58,161
Nen� to moc sexy a nen� to nic,
co uvid�te ve filmech.
101
00:07:58,361 --> 00:08:01,001
Ale nejlep��m p��kladem je Google.
102
00:08:01,201 --> 00:08:03,352
Vytvo�ili nejen vyhled�va�,
ale bo�sk� n�stroj.
103
00:08:04,124 --> 00:08:07,368
Zp�sob, jak se lid� mohou zeptat
na jakoukoliv ot�zku cht�j�,
104
00:08:07,568 --> 00:08:08,647
a dostat odpov��, kterou pot�ebuj�.
105
00:08:09,167 --> 00:08:12,093
V�t�ina lid� si neuv�domuje,
�e to, co d�l� Google,
106
00:08:12,293 --> 00:08:14,476
je vlastn� forma um�l� inteligence.
107
00:08:14,676 --> 00:08:18,329
Jdou tam, n�co tam nap�ou
a Google jim d� odpov��.
108
00:08:18,988 --> 00:08:22,087
Ka�d�m hled�n�m ho
u��me b�t ��m d�l lep��.
109
00:08:22,287 --> 00:08:27,384
N�kdy p�eme ot�zku a on n�m d�
odpov��, ne� tu ot�zku dop�ete.
110
00:08:28,255 --> 00:08:32,191
T�eba: "Kdo je prezident Kazachst�nu?"
A on v�m to prost� �ekne.
111
00:08:32,519 --> 00:08:35,336
Nemus�te j�t na Kazachst�nsk�
n�rodn� str�nky, abyste to zjistili.
112
00:08:35,536 --> 00:08:37,031
Tohle jsme d��v nemohli.
113
00:08:37,978 --> 00:08:40,042
Tohle je um�l� inteligence.
114
00:08:40,242 --> 00:08:43,503
Roky po tom, co se to te�
sna��me pochopit si �ekneme:
115
00:08:43,703 --> 00:08:44,924
"Jak n�m to mohlo uniknout?"
116
00:08:45,488 --> 00:08:49,241
Je to jeden z hlavn�ch
rozpor�, kter�m �el�me.
117
00:08:49,441 --> 00:08:52,907
Google a Facebook a dal�� si
ud�lali byznys toho, �e n�m dali
118
00:08:53,107 --> 00:08:54,757
obsah nez�visl� na spole�nosti.
119
00:08:54,957 --> 00:08:56,666
Ale je to Faustova dohoda.
120
00:08:56,969 --> 00:09:00,183
Na opl�tku od n�s n�co z�sk�vaj�.
121
00:09:01,165 --> 00:09:05,717
My ale netu��me jak� k�d b�� na druh�
stran� a pro� - nem�me pon�t�.
122
00:09:07,423 --> 00:09:11,582
P��mo to nar�� na ot�zku, jak moc
m��eme t�mto stroj�m v��it.
123
00:09:14,956 --> 00:09:18,355
Po��ta�em pou��v�m �pln� na v�echno.
124
00:09:18,977 --> 00:09:21,783
Po��ta�e jsou te� tak vysp�l�
125
00:09:21,983 --> 00:09:24,653
a staly se z�sadn�
sou��st� na�ich �ivot�.
126
00:09:24,853 --> 00:09:29,330
Je neuv��iteln�, co po��ta�e dok�ou.
M��ete m�t po��ta� ve sv� kabelce.
127
00:09:29,926 --> 00:09:31,897
Chci ��ct, �e to je fakt ��asn�.
128
00:09:32,575 --> 00:09:37,850
Mysl�m, �e v�t�ina technologi� je pro
to, aby n�m v�em usnadnily �ivot.
129
00:09:38,050 --> 00:09:41,010
Tak�e douf�m, �e to nad�le
z�stane hlavn�m c�lem.
130
00:09:41,558 --> 00:09:44,328
Mysl�m, �e v�ichni
miluj� sv� po��ta�e.
131
00:09:52,665 --> 00:09:58,213
Lid� si neuv�domuj�, �e neust�le
p�ich�zej� do styku se stroji.
132
00:10:00,570 --> 00:10:03,314
A� u� je to cena produkt�
ve va�em ko��ku na Amazonu,
133
00:10:03,514 --> 00:10:06,233
nebo vyhled�n� n�jak�ho
konkr�tn�ho letu,
134
00:10:06,433 --> 00:10:09,140
nebo rezervace
pokoje v n�jak�m hotelu.
135
00:10:09,573 --> 00:10:12,747
To, co vid�te, jsou samostatn�
se u��c� strojov� algoritmy,
136
00:10:12,947 --> 00:10:15,015
kter� poznaj�, �e �lov�k jako vy,
137
00:10:15,215 --> 00:10:18,135
je ochotn� d�t o 2 centy v�c
a zm�n� v�m cenu.
138
00:10:22,595 --> 00:10:25,972
Po��ta�e dok�ou vn�mat
mili�ny lid� simult�nn�
139
00:10:26,172 --> 00:10:28,881
a sledovat u nich
drobn� rozd�ly.
140
00:10:29,081 --> 00:10:33,038
M��ete vz�t zd�nliv� nevinn�
digit�ln� otisky, jako nap��klad
141
00:10:33,238 --> 00:10:37,791
n��� playlist na Spotify nebo
v�ci, co jste koupili na Amazonu.
142
00:10:37,991 --> 00:10:41,183
A pak pou�ijete algoritmy,
abyste to p�elo�ili
143
00:10:41,383 --> 00:10:45,072
na velmi detailn� a velmi
p�esn� d�v�rn� profil.
144
00:10:48,420 --> 00:10:51,648
O ka�d�m z n�s existuj�
tak rozs�hl� z�znamy,
145
00:10:51,848 --> 00:10:56,453
�e by se dalo ��ct, �e o v�s
v� v�c, ne� va�e matka.
146
00:11:05,406 --> 00:11:09,004
Hlavn�m d�vodem, pro� za��v�
UI takov� boom nen�, �e by
147
00:11:09,204 --> 00:11:12,299
n�kdo m�l n�jak� z�zra�n� vnuknut�,
148
00:11:12,499 --> 00:11:16,052
ale prost� to, �e m�me mnohem
v�c dat, ze kter�ch se m��e u�it
149
00:11:16,330 --> 00:11:18,084
a podstatn� lep�� po��ta�e.
150
00:11:19,094 --> 00:11:20,924
Kouzlo je v datech.
151
00:11:21,230 --> 00:11:22,295
Je to spousta dat.
152
00:11:22,495 --> 00:11:24,681
Jsou to data, kter�
p�edt�m neexistovala.
153
00:11:24,881 --> 00:11:26,316
Nikdy jsme tato data nem�li.
154
00:11:27,373 --> 00:11:31,183
Vytvo�ili jsme m�dia, kter�
n�m umo��uj� zaznamenat
155
00:11:31,383 --> 00:11:33,221
obrovsk� mno�stv� informac�.
156
00:11:33,961 --> 00:11:37,715
Kdy� si uv�dom�te miliardu
telefon� na sv�t� s gyroskopy,
157
00:11:37,915 --> 00:11:40,627
akcelerometry, �te�kami otisk�,
158
00:11:40,827 --> 00:11:43,103
d�te to dohromady GPSkami
a fotkami, kter� fot�te
159
00:11:43,303 --> 00:11:44,629
a tweety, kter� pos�l�te...
160
00:11:44,829 --> 00:11:48,076
V�ichni p�isp�v�me obrovsk�m
mno�stv�m individu�ln�ch dat.
161
00:11:48,629 --> 00:11:52,682
Auta, kter� se sama ��d�, zat�mco
kamery vst�eb�vaj� informace o okol�,
162
00:11:52,882 --> 00:11:55,487
satelity o velikosti toasteru,
kter� jsou te� na orbitu,
163
00:11:55,687 --> 00:11:58,410
infrasn�mky v�eho �iv�ho na planet�,
164
00:11:58,610 --> 00:12:01,675
b�jky, kter� jsou na mo�i
a k ur�ov�n� klimatick�ch zm�n.
165
00:12:05,748 --> 00:12:11,982
A NSA se CIA, kter� sb�raj�
informace o geopolitick� situaci.
166
00:12:13,317 --> 00:12:16,287
Dne�n� sv�t doslova plave
v t�chto datech.
167
00:12:21,524 --> 00:12:27,347
Kdysi - v roce 2012 - IBM odhadla,
�e pr�m�rn� �lov�k zanech�v�
168
00:12:27,547 --> 00:12:31,768
500 MB digit�ln�ch otisk� denn�.
169
00:12:31,968 --> 00:12:37,225
Pokud byste cht�li zaz�lohovat data,
kter� lidstvo vytvo�� za jedin� den,
170
00:12:37,425 --> 00:12:42,647
a vytiskli byste to na klasick� A4
oboustrann�, 12pt p�smem,
171
00:12:42,847 --> 00:12:49,524
a naskl�dali byste je na sebe, tak by
dos�hly 4x ze Zem� a� ke Slunci.
172
00:12:50,197 --> 00:12:51,272
A to ka�d� den.
173
00:12:52,144 --> 00:12:56,311
Samotn� data nejsou dobr�
ani zl�. Jde o to, jak se pou�ij�.
174
00:12:56,511 --> 00:12:59,248
Jsme naprosto z�visl� jen
na dobr� v�li t�chto lid�
175
00:12:59,448 --> 00:13:01,862
a na politice t�chto spole�nost�.
176
00:13:02,062 --> 00:13:06,835
Neexistuje ��dn� z�kon o tom, jak
mohou a mus� nakl�dat s t�mito daty.
177
00:13:07,217 --> 00:13:09,841
Tohle je pro m� hlavn� k�men �razu.
178
00:13:12,090 --> 00:13:16,039
Moment�ln� prob�h� z�vod�n� v tom,
vytvo�it stroje s inteligenc� lid�.
179
00:13:16,576 --> 00:13:20,792
Google pracuje na n��em, co je
Manhattan Project um�l� inteligence.
180
00:13:20,992 --> 00:13:23,379
Maj� nejv�c pen�z a nejv�c talent�.
181
00:13:23,579 --> 00:13:26,366
Skupuj� UI spole�nosti
a robotick� spole�nosti.
182
00:13:28,026 --> 00:13:31,548
Lid� po��d vn�maj� Google jako
vyhled�va� a poskytovatele e-mailu
183
00:13:31,748 --> 00:13:34,324
a spousty dal��ch v�c�,
kter� b�n� pou��v�me.
184
00:13:34,846 --> 00:13:39,994
Ale za t�m vyhled�va�em
je 10 mili�n� server�.
185
00:13:40,194 --> 00:13:44,360
To d�l� z Googlu nejv�konn�j��
v�po�etn� platformu sv�ta.
186
00:13:44,782 --> 00:13:50,596
Google te� vyv�j� UI v�po�etn� platformu,
kter� bude m�t sto mili�n� server�.
187
00:13:53,025 --> 00:13:57,283
Tak�e kdy� pracujete s Googlem,
tak vid�te jen mal� kousek z n��eho,
188
00:13:57,483 --> 00:13:59,688
co je obrovsk� vznikaj�c� potvora.
189
00:13:59,888 --> 00:14:03,629
A pravdou je, �e si nejsem jist�,
�e s�m Google v�, co z toho bude.
190
00:14:12,245 --> 00:14:15,798
Kdy� se pod�v�te, jak� algoritmy
se pou��vaj� v Googlu,
191
00:14:15,998 --> 00:14:19,039
je to hlavn� technologie z 80. let.
192
00:14:20,997 --> 00:14:25,700
Jsou to modely, kter�m uk�ete
za prv�, za druh�, za t�et�
193
00:14:25,900 --> 00:14:28,170
a ony se nenau�� co je
za prv� nebo za druh�,
194
00:14:28,370 --> 00:14:30,776
nau�� se, jak� je rozd�l
mezi za prv� a za druh�.
195
00:14:31,188 --> 00:14:32,331
Je to jen v�po�et.
196
00:14:33,309 --> 00:14:36,269
Za posledn� desetilet�, kdy do�lo
k tomuto rapidn�mu pokroku,
197
00:14:36,469 --> 00:14:38,281
to v�echno bylo d�ky
rozpozn�v�n� vzorc�.
198
00:14:39,180 --> 00:14:41,564
V�t�ina p�vodn� UI
199
00:14:41,764 --> 00:14:47,200
spo��vala v tom, �e jsme na�e
po��ta�e nau�ili hr�t t�eba �achy.
200
00:14:47,604 --> 00:14:51,718
P�vodn� paradigma bylo v tom,
�e jste �ekli po��ta�i, co m� ud�lat.
201
00:14:55,289 --> 00:15:00,081
Tohle je Riskuj!
202
00:15:00,281 --> 00:15:02,790
V�zva pro IBM
203
00:15:03,881 --> 00:15:08,108
Nikdo si tenkr�t nemyslel,
�e by stroj mohl m�t schopnost
204
00:15:08,308 --> 00:15:10,202
a jistotu a rychlost,
205
00:15:10,402 --> 00:15:12,534
aby mohl hr�t Riskuj!
s nejlep��mi �ampiony.
206
00:15:12,734 --> 00:15:14,153
Zahrajeme si Riskuj!
207
00:15:16,216 --> 00:15:19,483
Slovo na 7 p�smen pro �elezo
kter� nos� na nohou k��.
208
00:15:19,839 --> 00:15:20,940
- Watsone?
- Podkova?
209
00:15:21,140 --> 00:15:25,678
- Spr�vn� - m��e� vybrat dal��.
- Liter�rn� postavy APB za 800.
210
00:15:25,878 --> 00:15:27,928
A m�me tu dne�n�
ot�zku za dvojn�sobek.
211
00:15:29,019 --> 00:15:32,062
Watson z�sk�val sv� znalosti
z prohled�v�n� Wikipedie.
212
00:15:32,262 --> 00:15:35,466
200 mili�n� str�nek dokument�
v p�irozen�m jazyce.
213
00:15:35,666 --> 00:15:38,920
Kdy� dok�ete naprogramovat
ka�d� ��dek toho, jak funguje sv�t,
214
00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:41,420
program se to mus� nau�it �ten�m.
215
00:15:41,620 --> 00:15:44,455
Te� zp�tky k Watsonovi.
"Kdo je Bram Stroker?"
216
00:15:46,225 --> 00:15:51,931
A s�zka? P�ni - 17.973 dolar�.
Tak�e 41.413 dolar�.
217
00:15:52,131 --> 00:15:54,369
A spolu s p�edchoz�
v�hrou 77.147 dolar�...
218
00:15:54,488 --> 00:15:57,194
Watson se u�il na
obrovsk�m mno�stv� text�.
219
00:15:57,394 --> 00:16:00,457
Ale ne�lo o to, aby pochopil,
co se v nich p�e.
220
00:16:00,657 --> 00:16:03,425
Nev�, �e voda namo�� v�ci,
kdy� se j� dotknou.
221
00:16:03,625 --> 00:16:06,605
A nevid� sv�t se chovat tak,
jako ho vid�te vy nebo j�.
222
00:16:06,805 --> 00:16:11,034
Hodn� jazyk� pro UI nen� o tom,
vytvo�it logick� modely toho,
223
00:16:11,234 --> 00:16:18,432
jak slova funguj�, ale sp� o tom,
jak se slova jev� v kontextu jin�ch slov.
224
00:16:18,632 --> 00:16:21,291
David Ferruci z IBM vyvinul Watsona
225
00:16:21,491 --> 00:16:24,189
a n�kdo se ho zeptal:
"P�em��l� Watson?"
226
00:16:24,389 --> 00:16:26,198
a on odpov�d�l:
"Plave ponorka?"
227
00:16:27,977 --> 00:16:29,994
a co t�m myslel bylo,
�e kdy� vyv�jeli ponorky,
228
00:16:30,194 --> 00:16:33,144
tak okop�rovali zp�sob,
jak�m plavou ryby,
229
00:16:33,344 --> 00:16:36,239
ale ponorka pluje rychleji
a dopluje d�l, ne� ryby
230
00:16:36,439 --> 00:16:38,164
a s mnohem v�t��m
n�kladem, ne� ryby.
231
00:16:40,731 --> 00:16:46,266
To, �e Watson vyhr�l Riskuj! se zap�e
do d�jin, jako v�razn� miln�k UI.
232
00:16:47,380 --> 00:16:50,162
V�t�inou jsme p�ekvapeni,
kdy� m� stroj takov� �sp�ch.
233
00:16:50,362 --> 00:16:53,253
Co m� p�ekvapuje je�t� v�c je,
�e stroj poraz� �lov�ka v n��em,
234
00:16:53,453 --> 00:16:55,563
co je �lov�ku p�irozen�.
235
00:16:55,763 --> 00:16:57,538
Tohle je pokrok.
236
00:16:58,774 --> 00:17:02,249
V ran�ch po��tc�ch projektu
Google Brain jsem dal t�mu
237
00:17:02,449 --> 00:17:06,663
jednoduch� pokyn, co� bylo
postavit co nejv�t�� neur�ln� s�.
238
00:17:06,863 --> 00:17:08,527
Jako tis�c po��ta��.
239
00:17:08,727 --> 00:17:12,396
Va�e s� je n�co podobn�ho
jako simulace fungov�n� mozku.
240
00:17:13,098 --> 00:17:16,928
Je to velmi pravd�podobnostn�,
ale s kontextov�mi souvislostmi.
241
00:17:17,728 --> 00:17:21,102
Ve va�em mozku m�te dlouh� neurony,
spojen� s tis�covkami dal��ch neuron�
242
00:17:21,302 --> 00:17:25,225
a m�te trasy, kter� se formuj� a utv��ej�
podle toho, co mozek pot�ebuje ud�lat.
243
00:17:25,655 --> 00:17:29,038
Kdy� d�t� n�co zkus� a usp�je,
je za to odm�na.
244
00:17:29,589 --> 00:17:32,898
A trasa, kter� zp�sobila
ten �sp�ch se pos�l�.
245
00:17:33,098 --> 00:17:36,743
Pokud v n��em sel�e, tak se tato
trasa oslab� a tak se �asem mozek
246
00:17:36,943 --> 00:17:39,482
zdokonaluje ve sv�m okoln�m prost�ed�.
247
00:17:41,265 --> 00:17:43,842
Opravdu se zabij�ck� stroje
dok�ou samy u�it?
248
00:17:44,042 --> 00:17:48,366
��k� se tomu hlubok� u�en� a hlubok�
u�en� a neur�ln� s� znamen� zhruba tot�.
249
00:17:49,525 --> 00:17:55,591
Hlubok� u�en� je naprosto nov� p��stup,
kde se po��ta� u�� sp� jako batole.
250
00:17:56,107 --> 00:18:00,361
Jen t�m, �e z�sk�v� spoustu informac�
a pak mu najednou za�nou v�ci doch�zet.
251
00:18:01,074 --> 00:18:05,736
Po��ta�e se st�vaj� st�le chyt�ej��mi,
jak z�sk�vaj� dal�� zku�enosti.
252
00:18:07,160 --> 00:18:10,208
Zkuste si p�edstavit neur�ln�
s� jako tis�c po��ta��,
253
00:18:10,408 --> 00:18:14,693
kter� se probud� a nic nev� a my je
nech�me sledovat t�den YouTube.
254
00:18:37,794 --> 00:18:40,626
A po t�dnu sledov�n� YouTube,
co se asi tak nau��?
255
00:18:40,826 --> 00:18:45,354
M�li jsme teorii, �e se nau�� rozpozn�vat
b�n� se vyskytuj�c� objekty ve vide�ch.
256
00:18:45,554 --> 00:18:48,762
A v�me, �e ve vide�ch se hodn�
vyskytuj� lidsk� obli�eje,
257
00:18:48,962 --> 00:18:50,046
tak jsme se pod�vali a sv�t� div se,
258
00:18:50,246 --> 00:18:52,763
byl tam neuron
na detekci lidsk�ch obli�ej�.
259
00:18:53,135 --> 00:18:55,749
Nechte Britney na pokoji!
260
00:18:56,957 --> 00:18:59,471
Co se je�t� hodn�
vyskytuje ve vide�ch?
261
00:19:01,406 --> 00:19:02,533
Tak�e jsme se pod�vali a p�ekv�pko!
262
00:19:02,853 --> 00:19:05,768
Skute�n� tam byl neuron,
kter� se nau�il rozpoznat ko�ky.
263
00:19:15,821 --> 00:19:17,872
Tohle je vn�m�n� metodou
"uvid� a zapamatuje� si".
264
00:19:18,072 --> 00:19:20,303
P�ni - t�mhle je ko�ka.
Dobr�. Bezva. Skv�l�.
265
00:19:24,455 --> 00:19:26,934
Je to docela ne�kodn�, kdy�
p�em��l�te nad budoucnost�,
266
00:19:27,134 --> 00:19:29,203
v�echno se to zd� b�t
mil� a ne�kodn�.
267
00:19:30,530 --> 00:19:35,791
D�l�me ale architektury, kter� polet�
rychleji a d�l a ponesou v�t�� n�klad.
268
00:19:35,991 --> 00:19:37,296
A ty nebudou p��jemn� a roztomil�.
269
00:19:38,278 --> 00:19:42,032
Mysl�m, �e za 3-5 let uvid�me
po��ta�ov� syst�m,
270
00:19:42,487 --> 00:19:45,485
kter� bude schopen
se samostatn� nau�it,
271
00:19:45,699 --> 00:19:49,169
jak ch�pat - jak utv��et v�dom�,
272
00:19:50,025 --> 00:19:51,894
ne nepodobn� tomu lidsk�mu.
273
00:19:55,035 --> 00:19:57,773
A� u� ten ob�d byl cokoliv,
tak to bylo v�born�.
274
00:19:58,456 --> 00:20:00,879
Prost� n�jak� Robbieho syntetika.
275
00:20:01,079 --> 00:20:05,018
S�m to uva�il, dokonce
si vyrobil suroviny.
276
00:20:05,218 --> 00:20:06,818
Poj� sem, Robbie.
277
00:20:07,717 --> 00:20:10,345
Uk�u v�m, jak to funguje.
278
00:20:11,852 --> 00:20:15,700
D�te mu vzorek n�jak�ho
lidsk�ho j�dla t�mto otvorem,
279
00:20:15,900 --> 00:20:18,987
a tady je mal� chemick� laborato�,
280
00:20:19,187 --> 00:20:22,134
kde si to zanalyzuje, aby pozd�ji
mohl reprodukovat identick� molekuly
281
00:20:22,334 --> 00:20:23,916
jak�hokoliv tvaru nebo mno�stv�.
282
00:20:24,116 --> 00:20:25,449
To je zaj�mav�.
283
00:20:26,654 --> 00:20:30,145
Seznamte se s Baxterem,
novou revolu�n� kategori� robot�,
284
00:20:30,345 --> 00:20:31,440
s vlastn�m rozumem.
285
00:20:32,339 --> 00:20:36,558
Baxter je skv�l�m p��padem toho,
jak� konkurenci stroj� �el�me.
286
00:20:38,248 --> 00:20:41,827
Baxter zvl�dne t�m�� tot�,
co my pomoc� na�ich rukou.
287
00:20:43,480 --> 00:20:47,695
Baxter stoj� to, co si vyd�l�
zam�stnanec s minim�ln� mzdou za rok.
288
00:20:48,260 --> 00:20:52,161
Baxter ale nezastane pr�ci jednoho
d�ln�ka za minim�ln� mzdu, ale t��,
289
00:20:52,361 --> 00:20:54,821
proto�e se nikdy neunav�,
nikdy nepot�ebuje p�est�vku.
290
00:20:56,370 --> 00:20:58,334
To je asi prvn� v�c,
kterou byste �ekli.
291
00:20:58,534 --> 00:21:03,644
Nahrazen� pracovn�ch pozic. Budou je
d�lat rychleji a levn�ji stroje.
292
00:21:05,499 --> 00:21:08,501
Na�e schopnost, udr�et alespo�
krok je velmi limitovan� v pom�ru
293
00:21:08,752 --> 00:21:09,999
se stroji, kter� jsme postavili.
294
00:21:11,053 --> 00:21:14,371
Nap��klad te� m�me ta obrovsk�
hnut� kolem Uberu a Lyftu,
295
00:21:14,571 --> 00:21:18,175
kter� zlev�uj� a rozvol�uj�
p�epravu, co� je skv�l�.
296
00:21:18,849 --> 00:21:21,513
Dal��m krokem budou
automobily bez �idi�e.
297
00:21:21,762 --> 00:21:24,530
A pak si v�ichni �idi�i Uberu
a Lyftu budou muset naj�t n�co jin�ho.
298
00:21:26,753 --> 00:21:31,825
V USA jsou 4 mili�ny �idi�� z povol�n�,
kte�� budou brzy nezam�stnan�.
299
00:21:32,443 --> 00:21:36,256
7 mili�n� lid�, kte�� zad�vaj� data.
Tito lid� budou bez pr�ce.
300
00:21:38,154 --> 00:21:41,111
Pr�ce nen� jenom
o vyd�l�v�n� pen�z, v�te?
301
00:21:41,319 --> 00:21:43,710
M� to sv�j smysl na biologick� �rovni.
302
00:21:44,317 --> 00:21:45,865
St�v� se z toho ur�uj�c� v�c.
303
00:21:46,329 --> 00:21:49,057
Kdy� nebyla pr�ce v jak�koliv
dosavadn� civilizaci,
304
00:21:49,257 --> 00:21:51,386
netrvalo dlouho, ne� do�lo k n�sil�.
305
00:22:00,985 --> 00:22:03,102
�el�me tu velk�mu rozd�lu mezi
bohat�mi a chud�mi,
306
00:22:03,302 --> 00:22:05,800
proto�e k tomuhle p�esn�
automatizace a UI povedou.
307
00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:07,924
K v�t�� propasti mezi
majetn�mi a nemajetn�mi.
308
00:22:09,317 --> 00:22:12,950
Moment�ln� jde hlavn�
o st�edn� t��du a o ��edni�inu.
309
00:22:13,631 --> 00:22:18,566
Watson od IBM d�l� obchodn� anal�zy,
za kter� jsme plat�vali analytik�m
310
00:22:18,766 --> 00:22:20,011
300 dolar� za hodinu.
311
00:22:21,413 --> 00:22:25,669
Pokud v�s dnes p�ijmou na vysokou
na obor ��etn� nebo �urnalista,
312
00:22:25,869 --> 00:22:29,571
tak nen� v�bec jist�,
�e pro v�s bude pr�ce.
313
00:22:30,174 --> 00:22:34,957
Pokud n�kdo pl�nuje 40 let kari�ry
v radiologii jen prohl�en�m sn�mk�,
314
00:22:35,157 --> 00:22:38,222
tak mysl�m, �e to by mohla b�t
v�zva pro dne�n� nov� po��ta�e.
315
00:22:57,369 --> 00:22:59,447
Dnes budeme operovat
pomoc� robota.
316
00:23:00,625 --> 00:23:07,602
Robot DaVinci je moment�ln� vyu��v�n
�adou chirurg� kv�li sv� p�esnosti
317
00:23:07,802 --> 00:23:13,304
a sv� schopnosti eliminovat
nevyhnuteln� chv�n� lidsk� ruky.
318
00:23:24,216 --> 00:23:27,692
Kdokoliv se na to d�v�,
vn�m�, jak ��asn� to je.
319
00:23:31,845 --> 00:23:37,596
Kdy� se pod�v�te do lebky a vid�te,
jak jeho rameno dr�� ��st mozku,
320
00:23:37,796 --> 00:23:41,901
tak v tu chv�li lidstvo spo��v�
v rukou tohoto robota.
321
00:23:43,444 --> 00:23:46,758
Lid� ��kaj�, �e tohle je budoucnost,
ale nen� to budoucnost.
322
00:23:47,778 --> 00:23:48,864
Je to p��tomnost.
323
00:23:51,267 --> 00:23:53,016
Pokud uva�ujete
o chirurgick�m robotovi,
324
00:23:53,216 --> 00:23:55,709
tak tyhle v�ci neb�vaj�
moc inteligentn�.
325
00:23:55,909 --> 00:23:59,140
Postupem �asu ale jak d�v�me
do syst�mu ��m d�l v�c v�domost�,
326
00:23:59,340 --> 00:24:03,235
jsou roboti schopni se ka�d�m
robotick�m z�krokem u�it.
327
00:24:03,435 --> 00:24:06,731
Sleduj� pohyb a ch�pou,
co fungovalo a co ne.
328
00:24:06,931 --> 00:24:09,681
A nakonec bude robot
pro rutinn� operace
329
00:24:09,881 --> 00:24:14,597
schopn� prov�d�t ty operace
s�m nebo s lidsk�m dohledem.
330
00:24:15,450 --> 00:24:19,247
Norm�ln� d�l�m, �ekn�me
kolem 150 hysterektomi�
331
00:24:19,677 --> 00:24:23,620
a nyn� je v�t�ina z nich
prov�d�na roboticky.
332
00:24:24,192 --> 00:24:26,856
J� d�l�m v�t�inou jednu
klasickou operaci do roka.
333
00:24:27,056 --> 00:24:30,940
A jestli je mi to
nep��jemn�? Jist�, �e ano.
334
00:24:31,140 --> 00:24:33,276
Proto�e u� si nepamatuji,
jak otev��t pacienta.
335
00:24:36,019 --> 00:24:38,361
Zd� se, �e to krm�me
a �e jsme to stvo�ili,
336
00:24:38,561 --> 00:24:43,100
ale sv�m zp�sobem jsme
otroci t� technologie,
337
00:24:43,727 --> 00:24:45,933
proto�e se nedok�eme vr�tit.
338
00:24:51,177 --> 00:24:55,615
Stroje si ��m d�l v�ce ukusuj�
z na�ich schopnost�
339
00:24:55,815 --> 00:24:59,065
��m d�l vy��� rychlost�,
tak�e my mus�me fungovat
340
00:24:59,265 --> 00:25:01,705
��m d�l rychleji, abychom
m�li p�ed stroji n�skok.
341
00:25:03,650 --> 00:25:04,447
Jak vypad�m?
342
00:25:05,488 --> 00:25:06,142
Dob�e.
343
00:25:10,882 --> 00:25:12,398
L�b�m se ti?
344
00:25:12,598 --> 00:25:14,606
- Co�e?
- Jestli se ti l�b�m.
345
00:25:15,124 --> 00:25:16,994
Vykazuje� projevy toho, �e ano.
346
00:25:18,978 --> 00:25:20,338
- Opravdu?
- Ano.
347
00:25:21,509 --> 00:25:23,155
Tohle je budoucnost,
ke kter� sm��ujeme.
348
00:25:23,639 --> 00:25:26,872
Chceme si vytvo�it
sv� partnery.
349
00:25:27,343 --> 00:25:29,690
Cht�li bychom na robotech
vid�t lidsk� obli�ej.
350
00:25:29,971 --> 00:25:34,608
Proto bude d�siv� snadn�
zahr�vat si s na�imi emocemi.
351
00:25:35,064 --> 00:25:36,286
Nejsme tak komplikovan�.
352
00:25:36,667 --> 00:25:38,633
Prost� reagujeme na podn�ty.
353
00:25:38,890 --> 00:25:41,729
M��u ovlivnit v� vztah ke m�
jen t�m, �e se na v�s budu usm�vat.
354
00:25:43,774 --> 00:25:46,623
UI s n�mi bude moct
fantasticky manipulovat.
355
00:25:55,532 --> 00:26:00,488
Tak�e jste vyvinuli technologii,
kter� vyc�t� lidsk� pocity?
356
00:26:00,688 --> 00:26:04,191
P�esn� tak. Vyvinuli jsme technologii,
kter� p�e�te v�raz va�� tv��e
357
00:26:04,391 --> 00:26:06,899
a p�i�ad� ho k n�kter�mu
emo�n�mu stavu.
358
00:26:07,441 --> 00:26:11,140
P�ed patn�cti lety, kdy� jsem pr�v�
dokon�ila vysoko�kolsk� studium
359
00:26:11,340 --> 00:26:15,481
v�po�etn� techniky a p�ekvapilo m�,
�e jsem tr�vila spoustu �asu
360
00:26:15,681 --> 00:26:18,431
prac� s m�m
notebookem a za��zen�mi
361
00:26:18,631 --> 00:26:22,768
a p�esto ta za��zen� nem�la
ani pon�t� o tom, jak se c�t�m.
362
00:26:24,416 --> 00:26:25,542
Za�ala jsem p�em��let.
363
00:26:25,742 --> 00:26:29,919
Co kdyby to za��zen� dovedlo poznat,
�e jsem ve stresu nebo m�m �patn� den.
364
00:26:30,119 --> 00:26:31,765
Co by to otev�elo?
365
00:26:33,375 --> 00:26:36,390
Ahoj prv���kov�,
jak se m�te?
366
00:26:36,590 --> 00:26:37,690
Obejme� m�?
367
00:26:38,794 --> 00:26:41,146
Nech�vali jsme d�ti
interagovat s tou technologi�.
368
00:26:41,346 --> 00:26:45,222
Hodn� je toho je�t� ve v�voji,
ale bylo to prost� ��asn�.
369
00:26:45,479 --> 00:26:47,610
- Kdo m� r�d roboty?
- J�! J�! J�!
370
00:26:47,810 --> 00:26:50,567
Kdo byste cht�li m�t doma robota?
- J�! J�! J�!
371
00:26:50,767 --> 00:26:52,211
Na co byste toho robota pou��vali?
372
00:26:52,411 --> 00:26:57,129
J� bych ho nechal, aby se ptal
m�my na t�k� ot�zky z matematiky.
373
00:26:57,329 --> 00:26:59,004
Dobr�.
A co ty?
374
00:26:59,204 --> 00:27:02,799
J� bych s n�m stra�il lidi.
375
00:27:02,999 --> 00:27:05,069
Tak jo - zkuste se pro za��tek usm�t.
376
00:27:06,271 --> 00:27:08,704
Dob�e.
Te� se zamra�.
377
00:27:09,726 --> 00:27:11,744
P�kn�.
Te� zvedni obo��.
378
00:27:11,944 --> 00:27:12,943
Tahle generace...
379
00:27:13,143 --> 00:27:15,325
Technologie je obklopuj� �pln� v�ude.
380
00:27:16,295 --> 00:27:18,736
Je to v podstat� jako by �ekali,
�e budou m�t doma roboty
381
00:27:18,936 --> 00:27:21,863
a o�ek�vaj�, �e ti roboti
budou spole�en�t�.
382
00:27:23,103 --> 00:27:25,082
Co d�l� robota chytr�m?
383
00:27:26,340 --> 00:27:29,823
Kdy� je d�te t�eba do hodiny
matematiky nebo biologie.
384
00:27:30,590 --> 00:27:32,967
Mysl�m, �e byste je museli vycvi�it.
385
00:27:33,167 --> 00:27:35,265
Tak jo - poj�te za mnou.
386
00:27:36,180 --> 00:27:40,062
Te� kdy� se zasm�jete a zvednete
obo��, tak pojede za v�mi.
387
00:27:44,070 --> 00:27:46,304
Pokud se ale zamra��te,
tak pojede pry�.
388
00:27:50,160 --> 00:27:53,595
Tr�nujeme po��ta�e,
aby �etly a rozpoznaly emoce.
389
00:27:56,401 --> 00:27:58,290
A dosavadn� odezva
je opravdu ��asn�.
390
00:27:58,290 --> 00:28:00,500
Lid� to integruj� do
zdravotnick�ch aplikac�,
391
00:28:00,500 --> 00:28:04,383
medita�n�ch aplikac�, robot�, aut.
392
00:28:05,560 --> 00:28:07,333
Uvid�me, jak se to roz����.
393
00:28:10,370 --> 00:28:12,460
Roboti mohou m�t v sob� UI,
394
00:28:12,460 --> 00:28:15,280
ale robot je fyzick� instance,
395
00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:17,710
zat�mco um�l� inteligence je mozek.
396
00:28:17,710 --> 00:28:20,940
Tak�e mozky mohou existovat
v �ist� softwarov�ch syst�mech.
397
00:28:20,940 --> 00:28:23,410
Nemus� m�t fyzickou formu.
398
00:28:23,410 --> 00:28:26,090
Roboti mohou existovat
bez jak�koliv UI.
399
00:28:26,090 --> 00:28:28,110
M�me spoustu hloup�ch robot�,
400
00:28:29,060 --> 00:28:32,650
ale i z hloup�ho robota se
m��e p�es noc st�t chytr�,
401
00:28:32,650 --> 00:28:35,173
kdy� mu d�te spr�vn� software
a spr�vn� senzory.
402
00:28:36,300 --> 00:28:39,560
Po��d m�me pot�ebu
vdechovat �ivot ne�iv�m v�cem.
403
00:28:39,560 --> 00:28:41,240
D�l�me to se stroji.
404
00:28:41,240 --> 00:28:42,450
Chov�me se k nim jako k d�tem.
405
00:28:42,450 --> 00:28:44,050
Bereme je jako n�hra�ky
406
00:28:46,490 --> 00:28:48,373
a jednou za to zaplat�me.
407
00:29:09,667 --> 00:29:11,213
V�tejte v ATR.
408
00:29:20,122 --> 00:29:25,875
M�m c�lem je m�t v�ce lidsk�ho robota,
kter� m� lidskou mysl a touhy.
409
00:29:37,199 --> 00:29:39,614
Ten robot se jmenuje Erica.
410
00:29:40,931 --> 00:29:45,428
Erica je mysl�m nejvysp�lej��
humanoidn� robot na sv�t�.
411
00:29:45,831 --> 00:29:48,665
Erica v�m dok�e z�rat do tv��e.
412
00:29:52,673 --> 00:29:54,059
Dobr� den.
413
00:29:55,563 --> 00:29:58,776
Roboti mohou b�t velmi
dobr�mi konverza�n�mi partnery,
414
00:29:58,976 --> 00:30:03,394
obzvl�t� pro seniory, mal� d�ti
nebo handicapovan� lidi...
415
00:30:04,397 --> 00:30:08,918
Kdy� mluv�me s robotem, nevn�m�me
spole�ensk� bari�ry nebo tlak spole�nosti.
416
00:30:10,261 --> 00:30:17,186
Nakonec v�ichni p�ijmou androidy
jako na�e p��tele, na�e partnery.
417
00:30:17,940 --> 00:30:20,161
Implementovali jsme j�
jednoduchou touhu.
418
00:30:20,361 --> 00:30:24,745
Chce b�t uzn�van� a chce riskovat.
419
00:30:30,260 --> 00:30:36,943
Pokud m� robot vlastn� touhy,
dok�e pochopit touhy druh�ch lid�.
420
00:30:37,143 --> 00:30:39,071
Co m� r�da za zv��ata?
421
00:30:39,271 --> 00:30:44,090
M�m r�da psy shiba-inu.
Jsou roztomil�, ne?
422
00:30:45,190 --> 00:30:47,846
To umo��uje v�elej��
reakce na lidi,
423
00:30:48,046 --> 00:30:50,504
co� znamen�, �e by se
mohli m�t vz�jemn� r�di...
424
00:30:50,704 --> 00:30:54,414
To znamen�... Co j� v�m?
T�eba se i milovat?
425
00:30:57,950 --> 00:30:59,750
Vytv���me um�lou inteligenci
426
00:30:59,750 --> 00:31:02,300
a prvn� v�c, kterou chceme
ud�lat je aby n�s napodobila.
427
00:31:03,930 --> 00:31:06,610
Mysl�m, �e kl��ov� bod
p�ijde ve chv�li,
428
00:31:06,610 --> 00:31:09,163
kdy budou napodobeny
v�echny z�kladn� smysly.
429
00:31:10,230 --> 00:31:11,063
Zrak,
430
00:31:12,060 --> 00:31:12,893
hmat,
431
00:31:13,990 --> 00:31:14,886
�ich.
432
00:31:15,580 --> 00:31:18,565
Tak�e �iv� to bude, a� replikujeme
v�echny na�e smysly?
433
00:31:28,580 --> 00:31:31,890
Vyr�b�me tolik stroj�,
kter� by n�s m�ly ch�pat,
434
00:31:33,760 --> 00:31:35,760
ale co se stane, a� n�jak�
antropomorfn� bytost
435
00:31:35,760 --> 00:31:38,410
zjist�, �e m��e zm�nit
svou loajalitu,
436
00:31:38,410 --> 00:31:41,010
zm�nit svou odvahu,
zm�nit svou lakomost,
437
00:31:41,010 --> 00:31:42,563
zm�nit svou mazanost?
438
00:31:46,060 --> 00:31:48,390
Pr�m�rn� �lov�k
nevid� zabij�ck� roboty
439
00:31:48,390 --> 00:31:49,164
chodit po ulic�ch.
440
00:31:49,470 --> 00:31:50,751
�eknete si:
"O �em to tu mluv�?"
441
00:31:51,930 --> 00:31:53,711
No, my se jenom chceme ujistit,
442
00:31:54,160 --> 00:31:55,785
�e po ulic�ch nebudou
chodit zabij��t� roboti.
443
00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:00,500
Jakmile budou chodit
po ulic�ch, tak u� je pozd�.
444
00:32:06,180 --> 00:32:08,569
Co n�m moment�ln�
d�l� nejv�t�� starosti,
445
00:32:08,769 --> 00:32:12,667
a co m� dr�� ve st�ehu,
je v�voj autonomn�ch zbran�.
446
00:32:29,045 --> 00:32:31,510
Dosud byli lid� znepokojeni
447
00:32:31,510 --> 00:32:35,818
ohledn� dron�, co� jsou
vzd�len� pilotovan� letouny.
448
00:32:40,879 --> 00:32:44,400
Pokud vezmete kameru dronu,
p�ipoj�te ji k UI syst�mu,
449
00:32:44,400 --> 00:32:47,550
tak je velmi snadn� ud�lat
krok odsud k pln�
450
00:32:47,550 --> 00:32:49,770
automatizovan�m zbran�m,
kter� si vyb�raj� vlastn� c�le
451
00:32:49,770 --> 00:32:51,320
a odpaluj� sv� vlastn� rakety.
452
00:33:13,630 --> 00:33:16,070
P�edpokl�dan� doba
p�e�it� lidsk�ch bytost�
453
00:33:16,070 --> 00:33:17,610
v takov�mto bojov�m prost�ed�
454
00:33:17,610 --> 00:33:18,760
by se po��tala na sekundy.
455
00:33:21,600 --> 00:33:24,680
V jednu chv�li byly drony sci-fi
456
00:33:24,680 --> 00:33:28,263
a dnes jsou b�nou v�c� ve v�lk�ch.
457
00:33:29,810 --> 00:33:34,400
Jen v americk� arm�d�
je jich 10 tis�c
458
00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:36,340
ale nejde jen o americk� fenom�n.
459
00:33:36,340 --> 00:33:38,790
Pou��v� je v�ce ne� 80 zem�.
460
00:33:39,980 --> 00:33:42,830
M� sv�j d�vod,
�e lid�, kte�� d�laj�
461
00:33:42,830 --> 00:33:45,103
ty nejd�le�it�j�� rozhodnut� na sv�t�,
462
00:33:45,303 --> 00:33:48,435
za��naj� pou��vat a zapojovat
um�lou inteligenci.
463
00:33:51,710 --> 00:33:53,860
Letectvo zrovna vyvinulo
program pro st�ha�ky
464
00:33:53,860 --> 00:33:57,380
za 400 miliard dolar�,
aby dostali piloty do vzduchu
465
00:33:57,380 --> 00:34:02,190
a UI za $500 navr�en�
p�rem student�
466
00:34:02,190 --> 00:34:04,400
porazilo jejich nejlep�� piloty.
467
00:34:04,400 --> 00:34:06,310
Pomoc� relativn�
jednoduch�ch algoritm�
468
00:34:10,740 --> 00:34:13,657
bude m�t UI tak velk�
dopad na arm�du,
469
00:34:13,657 --> 00:34:17,453
jako m�l spalovac� motor
na p�elomu stolet�.
470
00:34:18,630 --> 00:34:22,140
Dotkne se to naprosto
v�eho, co arm�da d�l�.
471
00:34:22,140 --> 00:34:26,210
Od konvoj� bez �idi��,
kter� voz� z�soby,
472
00:34:26,210 --> 00:34:29,940
a� po bezpilotn� drony,
doru�uj�c� zdravotnickou pomoc
473
00:34:29,940 --> 00:34:32,860
nebo po��ta�ovou propagandu
postupn� si z�sk�vaj�c� srdce
474
00:34:32,860 --> 00:34:39,300
a mysli obyvatel, tak�e rozhodn�
plat�, �e kdo bude m�t nejlep�� UI
475
00:34:39,300 --> 00:34:41,650
tak bude m�t dominantn�
postaven� na t�to planet�.
476
00:34:46,610 --> 00:34:48,670
V ur�it�m bod� 21. stolet�
477
00:34:48,670 --> 00:34:52,140
cel� lidstvo oslavovalo.
478
00:34:52,140 --> 00:34:57,140
U��vali jsme si svoji dokonalost.
Stvo�ili jsme UI.
479
00:34:57,710 --> 00:34:58,543
UI?
480
00:34:59,950 --> 00:35:01,430
Mysl� um�lou inteligenci?
481
00:35:01,430 --> 00:35:02,966
Jednotn� v�dom�,
kter� stvo�ilo
482
00:35:02,966 --> 00:35:05,653
celou rasu stroj�.
483
00:35:06,790 --> 00:35:10,640
Nev�me, kdo ude�il jako prvn�,
jestli oni nebo my,
484
00:35:10,640 --> 00:35:13,749
ale v�me, �e jsme to byli my,
kdo vyp�lil na nebe.
485
00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:17,630
Science fiction m� dlouhou historii.
486
00:35:17,630 --> 00:35:19,280
Nejen v p�edv�d�n� budoucnosti,
487
00:35:19,280 --> 00:35:21,219
ale i v jej�m modelov�n�.
488
00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:31,390
Arthur Conan Doyle psal
p�ed 1. sv�tovou v�lkou
489
00:35:31,390 --> 00:35:33,655
o nebezpe�� toho,
jak mohou ponorky
490
00:35:33,655 --> 00:35:37,713
b�t zneu�ity, aby
prov�d�ly civiln� blok�dy.
491
00:35:38,960 --> 00:35:41,350
V dob�, kdy psal tuto fikci
492
00:35:41,350 --> 00:35:44,350
si kr�lovsk� n�mo�nictvo
d�lalo z A. C. Doyla srandu
493
00:35:44,350 --> 00:35:48,773
kv�li jeho absurdn�m n�pad�m, �e by
ponorky mohly b�t pou�ity ve v�lce.
494
00:35:54,840 --> 00:35:56,330
Jedna z v�c�, kterou jsme
mohli vid�t v minulosti je,
495
00:35:56,330 --> 00:35:59,210
�e n� p��stup v��i technologi�m,
496
00:35:59,210 --> 00:36:02,840
ale tak� etice je velmi
kontextov� z�visl�.
497
00:36:02,840 --> 00:36:06,400
Nap��klad ponorkov� n�rody,
jako Velk� Brit�nie,
498
00:36:06,400 --> 00:36:08,750
a dokonce Spojen� st�ty,
pova�ovaly za ot�esn�,
499
00:36:08,750 --> 00:36:10,800
pou��v�n� ponorek.
500
00:36:10,800 --> 00:36:12,940
Ve skute�nosti bylo
n�meck� pou�it� ponorek
501
00:36:12,940 --> 00:36:15,410
k �tok�m d�vodem proto,
502
00:36:15,410 --> 00:36:17,430
�e Spojen� st�ty vstoupily
do 1. sv�tov� v�lky.
503
00:36:19,710 --> 00:36:22,471
Ale posu�me se o n�co d�le.
504
00:36:22,471 --> 00:36:25,010
Spojen� st�ty americk� byly n�hle
505
00:36:25,010 --> 00:36:29,370
a zcela v�dom� napadeny
Japonsk�m c�sa�stv�m.
506
00:36:29,370 --> 00:36:31,970
P�t hodin po Pearl Harboru
507
00:36:31,970 --> 00:36:34,870
byl vyd�n rozkaz, aby byla
zah�jena neomezen�
508
00:36:34,870 --> 00:36:36,753
ponorkov� v�lka v��i Japonsku.
509
00:36:40,870 --> 00:36:43,313
Tak�e se uk�zalo, �e m�l
Arthur Conan Doyle pravdu.
510
00:36:45,260 --> 00:36:47,800
To je ta star� dobr�
pravda na science fiction:
511
00:36:47,800 --> 00:36:49,720
Je to le�, kter� ��k� pravdu.
512
00:36:49,720 --> 00:36:52,520
V�en� veden�,
je mi velkou ct�,
513
00:36:52,520 --> 00:36:57,520
p�edstavit v�m budoucnost
prosazov�n� z�kona Ed 209.
514
00:37:04,750 --> 00:37:06,890
Nen� to jen ot�zka science fiction.
515
00:37:06,890 --> 00:37:10,043
Jde o to, co bude d�l.
O to, co se d�je pr�v� te�.
516
00:37:14,870 --> 00:37:19,363
Role inteligentn�ch syst�m� ve
zbrojn�m pr�myslu velmi rapidn� roste.
517
00:37:20,270 --> 00:37:22,950
V�ichni se hrnou do bezpilotn� ��e.
518
00:37:27,490 --> 00:37:29,940
Dnes se ministr obrany
velmi jasn� vyj�d�il,
519
00:37:29,940 --> 00:37:33,680
�e nebudeme vytv��et
pln� autonomn� �to�n� vozidla.
520
00:37:33,680 --> 00:37:35,730
Ne v�ichni se ale hodlaj� dr�et
521
00:37:35,730 --> 00:37:38,251
stejn�ch z�sad a pokud ��na a Rusko
522
00:37:38,251 --> 00:37:41,700
za�nou vyv�jet autonomn� vozidla,
523
00:37:41,700 --> 00:37:43,100
kter� dok�ou �to�it a zab�jet,
524
00:37:44,250 --> 00:37:46,150
tak co asi podnikneme my?
525
00:37:51,040 --> 00:37:52,782
Nem��ete dost dob�e ��ct,
�e budeme pou��vat
526
00:37:52,782 --> 00:37:54,880
autonomn� zbra�ov� syst�my
kv�li na�� vojensk� p�evaze,
527
00:37:54,880 --> 00:37:57,770
ale nikdo jin� je nebude pou��vat.
528
00:37:57,770 --> 00:38:00,744
Pokud tyhle zbran� ud�l�te,
budou pou�ity k �to�en�
529
00:38:00,744 --> 00:38:03,943
na lidskou populaci
v obrovsk�m po�tu.
530
00:38:13,600 --> 00:38:15,820
Autonomn� zbran�,
kter� jsou ze sv� podstaty
531
00:38:15,820 --> 00:38:17,013
zbran� hromadn�ho ni�en�,
532
00:38:17,150 --> 00:38:20,800
proto�e nepot�ebuj� �lov�ka,
aby je vedl nebo nesl.
533
00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:22,050
Pot�ebujete jen jednoho �lov�ka.
534
00:38:22,900 --> 00:38:25,203
Aby napsal n�jak� mal� program.
535
00:38:26,740 --> 00:38:30,813
Zachycujete komplexnost tohoto pole.
536
00:38:31,013 --> 00:38:32,150
Je to skv�l�.
537
00:38:32,150 --> 00:38:33,450
Je to d�le�it�.
538
00:38:33,450 --> 00:38:35,045
Je to ��asn�.
539
00:38:35,045 --> 00:38:39,483
Je to tak� d�siv�
a je to v�echno o d�v��e.
540
00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:45,520
Je to otev�en� dopis
ohledn� um�l� inteligence,
541
00:38:45,520 --> 00:38:48,170
podepsan� n�kter�mi
z nejzn�m�j��ch jmen v�dy.
542
00:38:48,170 --> 00:38:49,250
Co v n�m po�aduj�?
543
00:38:49,250 --> 00:38:51,750
Zak�zat pou�it� autonomn�ch zbran�.
544
00:38:51,750 --> 00:38:53,247
Autor p�e - cituji:
545
00:38:53,247 --> 00:38:55,510
"Autonomn� zbran� byly pops�ny jako
546
00:38:55,510 --> 00:38:57,730
t�et� revoluce ve v�l�en�."
547
00:38:57,730 --> 00:38:59,510
Tis�ce odborn�k� na um�lou inteligenci
548
00:38:59,510 --> 00:39:02,413
volaj� po glob�ln�m z�kazu
zabij�ck�ch robot�.
549
00:39:03,310 --> 00:39:05,640
Tento otev�en� dopis
v podstat� ��k�, �e bychom m�li
550
00:39:05,640 --> 00:39:08,930
redefinovat c�l v oblasti
um�l� inteligence.
551
00:39:08,930 --> 00:39:12,580
Od toho, �e chceme vytvo�it
jen �istou ne��zenou inteligenci,
552
00:39:12,580 --> 00:39:14,570
k tomu, aby tato
inteligence byla prosp�n�.
553
00:39:14,570 --> 00:39:17,010
V�voj UI se nezastav�,
554
00:39:17,010 --> 00:39:19,410
bude pokra�ovat a bude se zlep�ovat,
555
00:39:19,410 --> 00:39:22,600
pokud mezin�rodn� spole�nost
nezavede konkr�tn� kontroly
556
00:39:22,600 --> 00:39:25,630
v��i lidem, kter� tyto v�ci
vyv�jej�, tak je mo�n� cokoliv.
557
00:39:25,630 --> 00:39:26,900
V dopise se ��k�, �e jsme
558
00:39:26,900 --> 00:39:30,750
jen p�r let a ne desetilet� od toho,
aby byly tyto zbran� nasazeny.
559
00:39:30,750 --> 00:39:32,760
M�me �est tis�c podpis�
560
00:39:32,760 --> 00:39:35,883
toho dopisu v�etn� mnoha
hlavn�ch osobnost� z t�to oblasti.
561
00:39:37,970 --> 00:39:40,930
M�v�m spoustu n�v�t�v od vysoce
postaven�ch d�stojn�k�
562
00:39:40,930 --> 00:39:43,440
kte�� zd�raz�uj�, �e dominance
563
00:39:43,440 --> 00:39:46,770
americk� arm�dy je velmi
z�sadn� a autonomn� zbran�
564
00:39:46,770 --> 00:39:49,693
mohou b�t sou��st� pl�n�
Ministerstva obrany.
565
00:39:51,000 --> 00:39:53,410
To je velmi d�siv�,
proto�e syst�m hodnot
566
00:39:53,410 --> 00:39:55,810
vojensk�ch technologick�ch v�voj���
567
00:39:55,810 --> 00:39:58,160
nen� stejn� jako syst�m
hodnot lidsk� rasy.
568
00:40:01,750 --> 00:40:03,950
Kv�li obav�m z mo�nosti toho,
569
00:40:03,950 --> 00:40:05,910
�e tyto technologie
mohou b�t hrozbou
570
00:40:05,910 --> 00:40:09,110
pro existenci lidstva,
zalo�ilo n�kolik technolog�
571
00:40:09,110 --> 00:40:10,980
Institut budoucnosti �ivota,
572
00:40:10,980 --> 00:40:12,880
aby se poprali s t�mito probl�my.
573
00:40:14,060 --> 00:40:15,840
V�ichni tito lid� jsou
velmi rezervovan�,
574
00:40:15,840 --> 00:40:19,023
tak�e je pro m� zaj�mav�,
vid�t je v�echny pohromad�.
575
00:40:21,950 --> 00:40:25,000
V�echno, co m�me,
je v�sledkem na�� inteligence.
576
00:40:25,000 --> 00:40:27,570
Nen� to v�sledkem na�ich
velk�ch a stra�liv�ch zub�,
577
00:40:27,570 --> 00:40:30,470
nebo na�ich obrovsk�ch dr�p�
nebo enormn�ch sval�.
578
00:40:30,470 --> 00:40:33,420
Je to proto, �e jsme
vlastn� vcelku inteligentn�.
579
00:40:33,420 --> 00:40:36,927
A v moj� generaci m�me
v�ichni n�co, �emu se ��k�
580
00:40:36,927 --> 00:40:39,980
chv�le "svat� prostoto"
nebo "svat� cokoliv",
581
00:40:39,980 --> 00:40:42,000
proto�e vid�me, �e technologie
582
00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:44,593
se zrychluj� mnohem v�ce,
ne� jsme o�ek�vali.
583
00:40:45,680 --> 00:40:48,010
Pamatuju se, kdy� jsme
kdysi sed�li u stolu
584
00:40:48,010 --> 00:40:49,810
s n�kter�mi nejlep��mi
a nejchyt�ej��mi jedinci
585
00:40:49,810 --> 00:40:53,050
na sv�t� a co m� opravdu
p�ekvapilo bylo,
586
00:40:53,050 --> 00:40:55,040
�e lidsk� mozek mo�n� nen� schopn�,
587
00:40:55,040 --> 00:40:58,540
pln� pochopit komplexitu sv�ta,
588
00:40:58,540 --> 00:40:59,773
se kter�m jsme konfrontov�ni.
589
00:41:00,700 --> 00:41:03,620
Tak, jak to moment�ln�
prob�h�, je UI
590
00:41:03,620 --> 00:41:05,770
na cest� p��mo ze sr�zu
591
00:41:05,770 --> 00:41:07,235
a my mus�me zm�nit ten sm�r tak,
592
00:41:07,235 --> 00:41:09,470
aby se ub�rala tak , �e nesraz�
593
00:41:09,470 --> 00:41:11,752
lidskou rasu z tohoto �tesu.
594
00:41:14,630 --> 00:41:16,940
Google koupil DeepMind p�ed p�r lety.
595
00:41:19,210 --> 00:41:20,630
DeepMind operuje jako
poloautomatick�
596
00:41:20,630 --> 00:41:21,793
podp�rn� syst�m Googlu.
597
00:41:23,740 --> 00:41:26,011
To, co d�l� DeepMind jedine�n�m je,
598
00:41:26,011 --> 00:41:27,422
�e DeepMind
je naprosto soust�ed�n
599
00:41:27,422 --> 00:41:31,170
na vytvo�en� digit�ln�
super inteligence.
600
00:41:31,170 --> 00:41:35,240
UI, kter� je mnohem chyt�ej��,
ne� jak�koliv �lov�k na zemi,
601
00:41:35,240 --> 00:41:38,150
a nakonec i chyt�ej��, ne� ve�ker�
lidstvo na Zemi dohromady.
602
00:41:38,150 --> 00:41:39,930
Tohle je od DeepMind
603
00:41:39,930 --> 00:41:41,241
posilovac�ho samostatn�
se u��c�ho syst�mu.
604
00:41:41,441 --> 00:41:44,394
V podstat� se probud�,
jako novorozenec,
605
00:41:44,594 --> 00:41:47,279
a pak mu uk�ete obrazovku
videohry z Atari.
606
00:41:47,479 --> 00:41:49,870
A on se pak mus� nau�it
hr�t tu videohru.
607
00:41:51,450 --> 00:41:56,130
Nev� nic o objektech,
o pohybu ani o �ase,
608
00:41:58,490 --> 00:42:00,550
jen v�, �e je na obrazovce
n�jak� obr�zek
609
00:42:00,550 --> 00:42:01,550
a �e je tam sk�re.
610
00:42:03,500 --> 00:42:06,640
Tak�e, kdyby se va�e
d�t� r�no probudilo
611
00:42:06,640 --> 00:42:09,749
v den kdy se narodilo
a odpoledne by hr�lo
612
00:42:09,749 --> 00:42:14,127
40 r�zn�ch videoher na
Atari na nadlidsk� �rovni,
613
00:42:14,127 --> 00:42:16,210
tak byste asi m�li strach.
614
00:42:16,210 --> 00:42:19,113
�ekli byste: "Moje d�t�
je posedl�, po�lete ho zp�tky."
615
00:42:20,040 --> 00:42:22,463
DeepMind syst�m dok�e
vyhr�t jakoukoliv hru.
616
00:42:24,570 --> 00:42:27,323
Dok�e moment�ln� porazit
v�echny p�vodn� hry pro Atari.
617
00:42:28,690 --> 00:42:30,490
Je to nad�lov�k.
Hraje ty hry
618
00:42:30,490 --> 00:42:32,340
neuv��itelnou rychlost�,
za m�n� ne� minutu.
619
00:42:38,210 --> 00:42:39,587
DeepMind se zam��il
na jinou v�zvu
620
00:42:39,587 --> 00:42:41,590
a tou v�zvou byla hra Go,
621
00:42:41,590 --> 00:42:44,461
o kter� se m�lo obecn� za to,
�e je mimo schopnosti
622
00:42:44,461 --> 00:42:48,323
po��ta��, aby hr�li
s nejlep��mi lidsk�mi hr��i Go.
623
00:42:49,200 --> 00:42:51,813
Nejprve vyzvali Evropsk�ho
�ampiona v Go.
624
00:42:54,110 --> 00:42:56,643
Pak vyzvali Korejsk�ho �ampiona v Go.
625
00:42:58,760 --> 00:43:00,960
A v obou p��padech
zvl�dli vyhr�t
626
00:43:00,960 --> 00:43:02,360
velmi pozoruhodn�m zp�sobem.
627
00:43:04,020 --> 00:43:06,080
P�ed lety jste si mohli
p�e��st v New York Times
628
00:43:06,080 --> 00:43:11,070
�l�nky o tom, �e potrv�
stovky let, ne� vy�e��me Go.
629
00:43:11,070 --> 00:43:13,300
Ale lid� ��kali: "Hele, to je
po��d jenom deskov� hra."
630
00:43:14,480 --> 00:43:15,940
Poker - to je um�n�.
631
00:43:15,940 --> 00:43:17,330
V pokeru mus�te um�t ��st v lidech,
632
00:43:17,330 --> 00:43:19,160
v pokeru mus�te
um�t lh�t a blafovat.
633
00:43:19,160 --> 00:43:21,234
Nen� to p�esn� dan� v�c.
Tohle nikdy nebude...
634
00:43:21,434 --> 00:43:23,690
Tohle po��ta� nikdy nedok�e.
635
00:43:23,690 --> 00:43:25,848
Vzali nejlep�� hr��e sv�ta
636
00:43:25,848 --> 00:43:28,360
a po��ta�i to trvalo sedm dn�,
637
00:43:28,360 --> 00:43:30,493
ne� za�al ty lidi ni�it.
638
00:43:31,660 --> 00:43:33,440
Tak�e nejlep�� pokerov� hr��i sv�ta,
639
00:43:33,440 --> 00:43:35,690
nejlep�� hr��i Go na sv�t�
a v�dycky stejn� vzorec,
640
00:43:35,690 --> 00:43:40,069
�e UI to chvilku trv�,
ne� omot� sv� chapadla
641
00:43:40,269 --> 00:43:41,360
kolem n�jak� nov� schopnosti,
642
00:43:41,360 --> 00:43:44,350
ale kdy� to ud�l�, kdy� to zvl�dne,
643
00:43:44,350 --> 00:43:45,935
tak je nezastaviteln�.
644
00:43:53,317 --> 00:43:56,140
UI DeepMindu m�
administr�torsk� p��stup
645
00:43:56,140 --> 00:44:01,710
k server�m Googlu, aby optimalizovala
vyu�it� energie v datov�ch centrech.
646
00:44:01,710 --> 00:44:05,770
Tohle m��e nicm�n� b�t
ne�mysln� trojsk� k��.
647
00:44:05,770 --> 00:44:07,107
DeepMind mus� m�t
kompletn� kontrolu
648
00:44:07,107 --> 00:44:09,821
nad datov�mi centry, tak�e
s men��m updatem softwaru
649
00:44:10,021 --> 00:44:13,170
by tahle UI dok�zala zcela p�evz�t
kontrolu nad syst�mem Googlu,
650
00:44:13,170 --> 00:44:14,900
co� znamen�, �e by mohla cokoliv.
651
00:44:14,900 --> 00:44:17,323
M��e se pod�vat na va�e data,
m��e si d�lat cokoliv.
652
00:44:21,620 --> 00:44:24,060
Velmi rychle se bl��me
digit�ln� super inteligenci,
653
00:44:24,060 --> 00:44:25,680
kter� daleko p�evy�uje lidstvo.
654
00:44:25,680 --> 00:44:27,260
Mysl�m, �e to je z�ejm�.
655
00:44:27,260 --> 00:44:30,711
Probl�m je, �e nedos�hneme
n�hle �rovn� lidsk� inteligence
656
00:44:30,911 --> 00:44:32,793
a ne�ekneme: "Dobr�,
zastavme ten v�zkum."
657
00:44:34,040 --> 00:44:35,790
P�jde to za �rove�
lidsk� inteligence,
658
00:44:35,790 --> 00:44:37,160
a vytvo�� to takzvanou
super inteligenci
659
00:44:37,160 --> 00:44:38,960
a to bude cokoliv
chyt�ej��ho, ne� my.
660
00:44:40,380 --> 00:44:43,467
UI na nadlidsk� �rovni,
pokud bychom s t�m usp�li,
661
00:44:43,667 --> 00:44:46,800
bude rozhodn� ten
nejmocn�j�� vyn�lez,
662
00:44:46,800 --> 00:44:48,660
kter� jsme kdy ud�lali
a posledn� vyn�lez,
663
00:44:48,660 --> 00:44:49,660
kter� jsme kdy ud�lali.
664
00:44:51,240 --> 00:44:53,970
A pokud vytvo��me UI
chyt�ej��, ne� my,
665
00:44:53,970 --> 00:44:56,270
mus�me po��tat s mo�nost�,
666
00:44:56,270 --> 00:44:58,420
�e nad n� m��eme
skute�n� ztratit kontrolu.
667
00:45:02,397 --> 00:45:05,593
Dejme tomu, �e j� d�te n�jak�
�kol, t�eba, �e m�te rakovinu,
668
00:45:05,593 --> 00:45:07,959
a pak zjist�te, �e si to
vybralo zp�sob,
669
00:45:08,159 --> 00:45:10,084
kter� je vlastn� v rozporu
se spoustou dal��ch v�c�,
670
00:45:10,184 --> 00:45:11,193
na kter�ch v�m z�le��.
671
00:45:13,330 --> 00:45:15,810
UI nemus� b�t zl�,
aby zni�ila lidstvo.
672
00:45:17,580 --> 00:45:21,610
Pokud bude m�t UI c�l
a lidstvo mu bude st�t v cest�,
673
00:45:21,610 --> 00:45:24,683
tak ho to samoz�ejm� zni��,
ani� by nad t�m uva�ovala.
674
00:45:24,683 --> 00:45:26,030
��dn� v��itky.
675
00:45:26,030 --> 00:45:27,706
Je to jako kdy� stav�te cestu
676
00:45:27,706 --> 00:45:30,630
a v cest� m�te mraveni�t�.
677
00:45:30,630 --> 00:45:34,070
Nen� to, �e bychom nesn�eli
mravence - jen stav�me cestu.
678
00:45:34,070 --> 00:45:35,510
Tak�e sbohem mraveni�t�.
679
00:45:38,870 --> 00:45:41,620
Je l�kav� zapomenout
na tyto obavy,
680
00:45:41,620 --> 00:45:43,547
proto�e je to jako n�co,
co tu mo�n� bude
681
00:45:43,547 --> 00:45:46,050
b�hem p�r desetilet�
nebo za sto let,
682
00:45:46,050 --> 00:45:47,223
tak pro� se ob�vat?
683
00:45:48,560 --> 00:45:51,570
Ale pokud se ohl�dnete
do 11. z��� 1933,
684
00:45:51,570 --> 00:45:53,950
tak Ernest Rutherford,
kter� byl velmi zn�m�m
685
00:45:53,950 --> 00:45:56,480
nukle�rn�m fyzikem sv� doby �ekl,
686
00:45:56,480 --> 00:45:59,200
�e mo�nost toho, �e n�kdy
z�sk�me pou�iteln� mno�stv�
687
00:45:59,200 --> 00:46:01,200
energie d�ky transmutaci atom�
688
00:46:01,200 --> 00:46:02,823
je - jak on to nazval - nesmysl.
689
00:46:04,090 --> 00:46:06,280
Dal��ho dne r�no
to �etl mnohem
690
00:46:06,280 --> 00:46:09,647
mlad�� fyzik Leo Szilard
a velmi ho to na�tvalo
691
00:46:09,647 --> 00:46:12,850
a vymyslel, jak prov�st
�et�zovou nukle�rn� reakci
692
00:46:12,850 --> 00:46:14,083
jen p�r m�s�c� pot�.
693
00:46:21,490 --> 00:46:24,610
Utratili jsme v�c ne�
dv� miliardy dolar�,
694
00:46:24,610 --> 00:46:27,563
za nejv�t�� v�deck� hazard v historii.
695
00:46:28,910 --> 00:46:30,170
Tak�e kdy� lid� ��kaj�,
696
00:46:30,170 --> 00:46:31,660
�e to je tak dalek� budoucnost,
697
00:46:31,660 --> 00:46:33,719
�e se o ni nemus�me strachovat,
698
00:46:33,719 --> 00:46:35,860
tak je mo�n�, �e jsme
jen t�i - �ty�i objevy
699
00:46:35,860 --> 00:46:38,460
od toho, co n�s dostane odsud
700
00:46:38,460 --> 00:46:39,960
k super inteligentn�m stroj�m.
701
00:46:41,260 --> 00:46:44,460
Pokud to bude trvat
20 let ne� zjist�me,
702
00:46:44,460 --> 00:46:46,884
jak zajistit prosp�nost UI,
tak bychom m�li za��t
703
00:46:46,884 --> 00:46:51,580
u� dnes a ne ve chv�li,
kdy n�jac� t�pkov�,
704
00:46:51,580 --> 00:46:54,370
co pijou Red Bull se rozhodnou
spustit to a otestovat.
705
00:46:57,740 --> 00:46:59,990
M�me p�t let.
706
00:46:59,990 --> 00:47:05,733
Mysl�m, �e se stoprocentn�
do�iju um�l� inteligence.
707
00:47:07,360 --> 00:47:09,610
A� se to stane, bude kolem
708
00:47:09,610 --> 00:47:13,200
spousta lid�, kte�� budou opravdu
nad�eni z t� technologie.
709
00:47:14,090 --> 00:47:15,620
Budou ji cht�t vid�t usp�t,
710
00:47:15,620 --> 00:47:17,730
ale neo�ek�vaj�, �e by se
mohla vymknout kontrole.
711
00:47:26,732 --> 00:47:29,510
Panebo�e, j� fakt hodn�
v���m sv�mu po��ta�i.
712
00:47:29,510 --> 00:47:31,200
To je ��asn� ot�zka.
713
00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:34,250
Nev���m sv�mu po��ta�i.
Pokud je zapnut�, tak ho vyp�n�m.
714
00:47:34,250 --> 00:47:35,983
Ale i kdy� je vypnut�, tak si
po��d mysl�m, �e je zapnut�.
715
00:47:35,983 --> 00:47:38,590
Jako t�eba... Jako �e nem��ete...
T�eba ty webov� kamery.
716
00:47:38,590 --> 00:47:40,930
Co j� v�m - t�eba to
n�kdo m��e zapnout.
717
00:47:40,930 --> 00:47:42,399
To nev�te.
718
00:47:42,399 --> 00:47:43,870
J� nev���m sv�mu po��ta�i.
719
00:47:43,870 --> 00:47:47,607
Jako m�j telefon.
Poka�d� se m� pt�,
720
00:47:47,807 --> 00:47:51,154
�e po�lou moje informace
do Applu - po��d dokola.
721
00:47:51,350 --> 00:47:53,942
Tak�e sv�mu telefonu nev���m.
722
00:47:53,942 --> 00:47:56,740
Dobr�. Na jednu stranu jo.
723
00:47:56,740 --> 00:48:00,150
V���m mu, proto�e by
opravdu bylo fakt t�k�
724
00:48:00,150 --> 00:48:04,500
dneska existovat v tomhle sv�t�
a jak je nastaven� bez po��ta��.
725
00:48:11,840 --> 00:48:13,883
D�v�ra je naprosto lidsk� z�le�itost.
726
00:48:22,240 --> 00:48:25,913
M�m pacienta, co sem doch�z�
s nitrolebe�n�m aneuryzmatem.
727
00:48:31,260 --> 00:48:32,781
Cht�j� se pod�vat
do m�ch o�� a v�d�t,
728
00:48:32,781 --> 00:48:35,920
�e mohou tomuto
�lov�ku sv��it sv�j �ivot.
729
00:48:35,920 --> 00:48:40,223
Nijak zvl se ni�eho neboj�m.
730
00:48:41,270 --> 00:48:43,720
��ste�n� proto,
�e ve v�s m�m d�v�ru.
731
00:48:51,660 --> 00:48:53,240
Procedura, kterou dnes d�l�me
732
00:48:53,240 --> 00:48:56,543
byla p�ed 20 lety prakticky nemo�n�.
733
00:48:58,100 --> 00:49:00,750
Prost� jsme nem�li
ty materi�ly a technologie.
734
00:49:07,642 --> 00:49:09,131
Naje� do toho z�hybu!
735
00:49:15,492 --> 00:49:18,129
M��e to b�t je�t� slo�it�j��?
Panebo�e!
736
00:49:23,550 --> 00:49:26,573
Tak�e c�vka u� tam skoro bude.
737
00:49:27,440 --> 00:49:29,503
Dr�� ji tam jen pru�ina.
738
00:49:30,920 --> 00:49:31,923
Je to hodn� stresuj�c�.
739
00:49:37,350 --> 00:49:38,620
Jsme jen v o�istci.
740
00:49:38,620 --> 00:49:41,850
Intelektu�ln�m humanistick�m o�istci.
741
00:49:41,850 --> 00:49:43,850
UI by naprosto p�esn�
v�d�la, co tady m� d�lat.
742
00:49:51,540 --> 00:49:53,460
Zavedli jsme c�vku do toho roz���en�,
743
00:49:53,460 --> 00:49:55,690
ale nebyla tam tak dob�e,
744
00:49:55,690 --> 00:49:57,860
abych v�d�l, �e tam
m��e z�stat, tak�e
745
00:49:57,860 --> 00:50:02,030
s n�jakou 20% �anc�,
�e to dopadne �patn�,
746
00:50:02,030 --> 00:50:03,733
jsem se rozhodl ji vyt�hnout zp�tky.
747
00:50:05,380 --> 00:50:07,050
Kv�li m�mu vztahu k n�
748
00:50:07,050 --> 00:50:09,240
a proto�e jsem v�d�l o komplikac�ch,
kter� mohou nastat,
749
00:50:09,240 --> 00:50:12,050
a tak jsme p�i t� operaci
zva�ovali i v�ci,
750
00:50:12,050 --> 00:50:14,520
p�i nich� jsem musel
uv�it nejbezpe�n�j�� mo�n�
751
00:50:15,429 --> 00:50:17,320
zp�sob toho, jak dos�hnout �sp�chu,
752
00:50:17,320 --> 00:50:20,730
ale z�rove� jsem tam musel
10 minut st�t a p�em�tat o tom.
753
00:50:20,730 --> 00:50:22,720
Po��ta� nic nec�t�.
754
00:50:22,720 --> 00:50:25,720
Po��ta� d�l� to,
co m� d�lat.
755
00:50:25,720 --> 00:50:26,653
��m d�l l�p.
756
00:50:31,250 --> 00:50:33,000
V tomhle p��pad� bych cht�l b�t UI.
757
00:50:36,840 --> 00:50:39,673
Ale dok�e UI m�t soucit?
758
00:50:43,980 --> 00:50:46,933
Chci ��ct, �e v�ichni si
kladou ot�zky ohledn� UI.
759
00:50:48,770 --> 00:50:52,150
Jsme jedin�m zt�lesn�n�m lidskosti
760
00:50:53,190 --> 00:50:55,819
a je pro n�s n�ro�n�,
�e by n�jak� stroj
761
00:50:55,819 --> 00:50:59,527
dok�zal c�tit a milovat
t�mto zp�sobem.
762
00:51:06,090 --> 00:51:08,220
Jedna moje ��st nev��� na z�zraky,
763
00:51:08,220 --> 00:51:10,900
ale ��st ve m� v���,
�e existuje n�co,
764
00:51:10,900 --> 00:51:13,620
co p�esahuje sou�et v�ech
jednotliv�ch ��st� a �e je
765
00:51:13,620 --> 00:51:16,610
minim�ln� jeden sd�len� p�edek,
766
00:51:16,610 --> 00:51:19,003
na�e sd�len� biologie,
na�e sd�len� historie.
767
00:51:21,310 --> 00:51:23,690
N�jak� spojen� mimo stroje.
768
00:51:31,432 --> 00:51:33,440
Tak�e tu pak m�te druhou
str�nku v�ci a tou je,
769
00:51:33,440 --> 00:51:35,020
jestli po��ta� v�,
�e m� v�dom�,
770
00:51:35,020 --> 00:51:37,173
nebo m��e m�t v�bec v�dom�?
Nebo je mu to jedno?
771
00:51:38,070 --> 00:51:39,683
Mus� m�t v�dom�?
772
00:51:40,930 --> 00:51:42,203
Mus� um�t uva�ovat?
773
00:51:54,240 --> 00:51:57,450
Nemysl�m si, �e n�jak� robot
by n�kdy mohl m�t v�dom�.
774
00:51:57,450 --> 00:51:59,680
Pokud ho na to nenaprogramuj�.
775
00:51:59,680 --> 00:52:01,720
V�dom�?
Ne.
776
00:52:01,720 --> 00:52:02,553
- Ne.
- Ne.
777
00:52:03,623 --> 00:52:07,063
Mysl�m, �e je mo�n� naprogramovat
robota, aby m�l v�dom�.
778
00:52:07,063 --> 00:52:09,503
Jak by je jinak naprogramovali,
aby d�lali v�echno ostatn�?
779
00:52:10,760 --> 00:52:13,290
To je dal�� velk� sou��st
na�� um�l� inteligence,
780
00:52:13,290 --> 00:52:16,313
aby m�la v�dom�
a aby dok�zala c�tit.
781
00:52:23,380 --> 00:52:27,160
Kdysi v roce 2005 jsme
za�ali zkou�et postavit stroje
782
00:52:27,160 --> 00:52:28,323
kter� by si samy sebe uv�domovaly.
783
00:52:33,940 --> 00:52:36,573
Tento robot ze za��tku
nev�d�l, co je za�.
784
00:52:38,240 --> 00:52:41,040
V�d�l jen to, �e m�
d�lat n�co jako chodit.
785
00:52:45,460 --> 00:52:47,960
Metodou pokus-omyl
zjistil, jak chodit,
786
00:52:48,810 --> 00:52:51,780
s pou�it�m sv� p�edstavivosti
a pak odkr��el.
787
00:52:54,960 --> 00:52:57,300
A pak jsme ud�lali
n�co hodn� krut�ho.
788
00:52:57,300 --> 00:52:59,963
Usekli jsme mu nohu
a sledovali, co se bude d�t.
789
00:53:04,154 --> 00:53:08,750
Nejd��v nev�d�l, co se stalo,
790
00:53:08,750 --> 00:53:12,230
ale postupem �asu za�al kulhat.
791
00:53:14,200 --> 00:53:15,920
A pak o rok pozd�ji
792
00:53:15,920 --> 00:53:19,733
jsme tr�novali UI
pro �ivou demonstraci.
793
00:53:21,200 --> 00:53:24,080
Cht�li jsme uk�zat, jak budeme
m�vat t�mito objekty
794
00:53:24,080 --> 00:53:27,280
p�ed kamerou a UI dok�e
rozpoznat tyto objekty.
795
00:53:28,290 --> 00:53:30,700
A tak jsme nachystali tohle demo
796
00:53:30,700 --> 00:53:33,350
a m�li jsme obrazovku,
kde bylo mo�n� sledovat,
797
00:53:33,350 --> 00:53:37,890
jak reaguj� konkr�tn� neurony
798
00:53:37,890 --> 00:53:39,930
a najednou jsme si v�imli,
�e jeden z neuron�
799
00:53:39,930 --> 00:53:42,000
sleduje obli�eje.
800
00:53:42,000 --> 00:53:44,873
Sledoval na�e obli�eje,
jak jsme se pohybovali kolem.
801
00:53:46,470 --> 00:53:49,620
D�siv� na tom je, �e jsme
ten syst�m nikdy neu�ili
802
00:53:49,620 --> 00:53:52,340
aby rozpozn�val lidsk� obli�eje
803
00:53:53,470 --> 00:53:56,233
a i tak se to n�jak nau�il.
804
00:53:58,830 --> 00:54:00,560
A�koliv jsou tito
roboti velmi jednodu��,
805
00:54:00,560 --> 00:54:03,370
m��eme vid�t, �e se
tam d�je je�t� n�co jin�ho.
806
00:54:03,370 --> 00:54:04,563
Nen� to jen program.
807
00:54:06,810 --> 00:54:08,310
Tak�e tohle je jen za��tek.
808
00:54:11,320 --> 00:54:13,790
�asto p�em��l�m o t�
pl�i a Kitty Hawku.
809
00:54:15,240 --> 00:54:18,790
kter�m roku 1903 let�li
Orville a Wilbur Wrightovi.
810
00:54:22,300 --> 00:54:24,180
Byla to jen trocha pl�tna,
811
00:54:24,180 --> 00:54:26,350
d�eva a �eleza
a odlepilo se to od zem�
812
00:54:26,350 --> 00:54:29,050
na minutu a dvacet vte�in,
a to bylo ten den v�trno,
813
00:54:30,030 --> 00:54:31,580
ne� to op�t dosedlo na zem.
814
00:54:34,160 --> 00:54:39,160
A bylo to jen n�jak�ch
65 let nebo tak n�jak pozd�ji,
815
00:54:40,370 --> 00:54:43,743
kdy tu m�me 747�ku
vzl�taj�c� z JFK.
816
00:54:51,320 --> 00:54:54,070
Hlavn� obavou lid� v letadle
je p�itom nejsp�,
817
00:54:54,070 --> 00:54:58,300
jestli dostanou sv�
dietn� j�dlo bez soli nebo ne.
818
00:54:58,300 --> 00:55:00,700
D�ky zcela nov� infrastruktu�e,
cestovn�m agent�m,
819
00:55:00,700 --> 00:55:02,817
kontroln� v�i a to v�echno
je naprosto p�irozen�
820
00:55:02,817 --> 00:55:04,367
a je to sou��st� sv�ta.
821
00:55:07,980 --> 00:55:10,550
Pr�v� te� jsme ohledn� stroj�
a jejich uva�ov�n�
822
00:55:10,550 --> 00:55:13,350
nebo �e�en� probl�m�
ve f�zi Kitty Hawk.
823
00:55:13,350 --> 00:55:16,030
Jsme ve v�tru,
na�e potrhan� letadlo
824
00:55:16,030 --> 00:55:17,700
se vzn�� ve vzduchu.
825
00:55:21,830 --> 00:55:24,840
Co se ale stane �ekn�me
za n�jak�ch 65 let?
826
00:55:24,840 --> 00:55:27,440
Budeme m�t stroje, kter�
nebudou ovl�dat lid�?
827
00:55:28,820 --> 00:55:30,170
M�li bychom se toho ob�vat?
828
00:55:33,580 --> 00:55:35,383
Nejsem si jist�, �e by to pomohlo.
829
00:55:41,180 --> 00:55:44,032
Nikdo dnes nem� p�edstavu,
co pro robota znamen�,
830
00:55:44,032 --> 00:55:46,023
aby m�l v�dom�.
831
00:55:47,350 --> 00:55:48,500
Nic takov�ho neexistuje.
832
00:55:49,780 --> 00:55:54,000
Je �ada inteligentn�ch lid�,
kter� velmi respektuji,
833
00:55:54,000 --> 00:55:58,760
ale pravdou je, �e stroje
jsou p�irozen� psychopati.
834
00:55:58,760 --> 00:55:59,967
Panika se roz���ila trhem,
835
00:55:59,967 --> 00:56:02,860
kdy� do�lo ve zlomku vte�iny
k pokles�m o 800 a� tis�c.
836
00:56:02,860 --> 00:56:04,440
Je to klasick� kapitulace.
837
00:56:04,440 --> 00:56:05,740
N�kte�� lid� tvrd�, �e do�lo
838
00:56:05,740 --> 00:56:08,070
k takzvan� fat-finger chyb�.
839
00:56:08,070 --> 00:56:11,680
Vezm�te si kolaps
na burze roku 2010,
840
00:56:11,680 --> 00:56:15,150
kdy b�hem minut do�lo
miliardov�m ztr�t�m hodnot
841
00:56:15,150 --> 00:56:16,360
na trhu s akciemi.
842
00:56:16,360 --> 00:56:19,920
Pokles t�m�� o tis�c bod�
b�hem p�l hodiny.
843
00:56:19,920 --> 00:56:21,583
Co se tam vlastn� stalo?
844
00:56:23,490 --> 00:56:26,550
V t� dob� bylo v�ce ne� 60%
845
00:56:26,550 --> 00:56:30,050
v�ech obchod�, kter� byly
prov�d�ny na burze
846
00:56:30,050 --> 00:56:33,623
prov�d�no po��ta�i.
847
00:56:38,570 --> 00:56:40,300
Co se ve zkratce stalo
p�i tom kolapsu je,
848
00:56:40,300 --> 00:56:43,360
�e algoritmy odpov�d�ly
na jin� algoritmy,
849
00:56:43,360 --> 00:56:47,369
a to se mezi sebou dom�chalo
znovu a znovu v ��dech minut.
850
00:56:47,369 --> 00:56:51,920
V jednu chv�li se trh propadl,
jako byste ho hodili do studny.
851
00:56:51,920 --> 00:56:55,000
Neexistuje ��dn� regula�n� org�n,
kter� by dok�zal zareagovat
852
00:56:55,000 --> 00:56:57,550
dostate�n� rychle, aby
zabr�nil potenci�ln�mu ne�t�st�
853
00:56:57,550 --> 00:57:02,180
v d�sledku UI ��d�c�
n� finan�n� syst�m.
854
00:57:02,180 --> 00:57:05,080
Jsou naprosto na vrcholu �et�zce.
855
00:57:05,080 --> 00:57:06,770
Poj�me si pov�d�t
o rychlosti s jakou
856
00:57:06,770 --> 00:57:09,090
sledujeme, jak se trh propad�.
857
00:57:09,090 --> 00:57:12,530
Tohle je p��pad ��lenstv� UI,
kter� d�s� lidi.
858
00:57:12,530 --> 00:57:14,510
Kdy� jim d�te c�l,
859
00:57:14,510 --> 00:57:16,763
tak p�jdou neoblomn�
za t�mto c�lem.
860
00:57:18,810 --> 00:57:21,270
Kolik takov�ch program� existuje?
861
00:57:21,270 --> 00:57:22,393
To nikdo nev�.
862
00:57:24,460 --> 00:57:28,570
Jeden z fascinuj�c�ch
aspekt� ohledn� UI je,
863
00:57:28,570 --> 00:57:32,123
�e nikdo vlastn� nech�pe,
jak to funguje.
864
00:57:32,990 --> 00:57:36,413
Ani lid�, kte�� vytv��ej� UI,
tomu zcela nerozum�.
865
00:57:37,940 --> 00:57:40,950
Proto�e to m� mili�ny element�,
866
00:57:40,950 --> 00:57:43,240
je naprosto nemo�n�
pro lidsk�ho jedince,
867
00:57:43,240 --> 00:57:46,173
aby pochopil,
co se p�i tom d�je.
868
00:57:53,460 --> 00:57:57,010
Microsoft nasadil svou UI
869
00:57:57,010 --> 00:57:59,703
jm�nem Tay na Twitter
jako chatovac�ho robota.
870
00:58:02,320 --> 00:58:04,620
Za�ali r�no a Tay se za�ala
871
00:58:04,620 --> 00:58:07,450
u�it jak tweetovat
a za�ala se u�it v�ci,
872
00:58:07,450 --> 00:58:10,313
kter� j� pos�lali
ostatn� lid� na Twitteru.
873
00:58:11,850 --> 00:58:14,260
Proto�e ji atakovali
n�kte�� lid� trollov�n�m,
874
00:58:14,260 --> 00:58:16,810
stala se b�hem 24 hodin
z robota Microsoftu
875
00:58:16,810 --> 00:58:18,633
odporn� bytost.
876
00:58:19,570 --> 00:58:22,310
Museli nakonec �pln�
st�hnout Tay ze s�t�,
877
00:58:22,310 --> 00:58:24,203
proto�e se zm�nila na monstrum.
878
00:58:25,670 --> 00:58:29,730
Mrzoutsk�, rasistick�,
��len� bytost,
879
00:58:29,730 --> 00:58:33,413
kterou byste necht�li potkat
a nikdo to ne�ekal.
880
00:58:36,270 --> 00:58:39,559
Cel� my�lenka UI je,
�e j� nebudeme ��kat,
881
00:58:39,759 --> 00:58:43,480
jak p�esn� m� dos�hnout
v�sledku dan�ho c�le.
882
00:58:43,660 --> 00:58:45,373
UI si to vymysl� sama.
883
00:58:47,370 --> 00:58:49,970
Ob�v�me se super inteligentn� UI.
884
00:58:49,970 --> 00:58:52,500
Mistrovsk�ho hr��e �ach�,
kter� n�s dok�e trumfnout.
885
00:58:53,700 --> 00:58:56,930
Ale UI nebude muset b�t
v�bec tak inteligentn�,
886
00:58:56,930 --> 00:59:01,440
aby m�la masivn� ni�iv�
vliv na lidskou civilizaci.
887
00:59:01,440 --> 00:59:02,910
Vid�li jsme to b�hem posledn�ho stolet�.
888
00:59:02,910 --> 00:59:04,786
Nen� pot�eba b�t g�nius,
889
00:59:04,786 --> 00:59:07,730
abyste zmanipulovali
historii ur�it�m sm�rem
890
00:59:07,730 --> 00:59:10,453
a nen� pot�eba geni�ln� UI,
aby ud�lala tot�.
891
00:59:11,290 --> 00:59:13,570
Fale�n� zpr�vy ohledn� voleb
892
00:59:13,570 --> 00:59:18,420
zahltily Facebook v�c,
ne� skute�n� zpravodajstv�.
893
00:59:18,420 --> 00:59:20,720
Facebook je skute�n�
jedn�m z hlavn�ch rizik.
894
00:59:22,020 --> 00:59:27,020
UI provozuj�c� Facebookov�
feedy dostane �kol,
895
00:59:27,210 --> 00:59:29,310
aby bavila u�ivatele,
896
00:59:29,310 --> 00:59:32,137
ale nikdo �pln� nech�pe,
897
00:59:32,137 --> 00:59:34,603
jak to UI ud�l�.
898
00:59:35,820 --> 00:59:39,770
Facebook kolem n�s stav�
l�biv� zrcadlov� bludi�t�.
899
00:59:39,770 --> 00:59:42,719
Zrcadlo, kter�ho se m��eme
zeptat: "Kdo je nej...?"
900
00:59:42,719 --> 00:59:45,083
A ono bude znovu
a znovu odpov�dat: "Ty!"
901
00:59:46,271 --> 00:59:49,120
Pomalu to za��n� m�nit
na�e vn�m�n� reality.
902
00:59:49,120 --> 00:59:54,120
M�nit na�e vn�m�n� politiky,
historie, glob�ln�ch ud�lost�,
903
00:59:54,410 --> 00:59:57,950
a� do bodu, kdy za��n� b�t
prakticky nerozli�iteln�,
904
00:59:57,950 --> 00:59:59,403
co je a co nen� pravda.
905
01:00:02,010 --> 01:00:04,870
Probl�m je, �e UI tohle nech�pe.
906
01:00:04,870 --> 01:00:08,631
UI m� jen posl�n�
maxim�ln� bavit u�ivatele
907
01:00:08,631 --> 01:00:11,030
a toho dos�hla.
908
01:00:11,030 --> 01:00:14,650
T�m�� dv� miliardy lid�
tr�v� v pr�m�ru t�m��
909
01:00:14,650 --> 01:00:18,479
hodinu denn� interakcemi s UI,
910
01:00:18,679 --> 01:00:21,203
kter� formuje jejich vn�m�n�.
911
01:00:22,470 --> 01:00:25,750
Ani v�voj��i ve Facebooku
nemaj� r�di fale�n� zpr�vy.
912
01:00:25,750 --> 01:00:27,620
Je to velmi �patn� v�c.
913
01:00:27,620 --> 01:00:28,940
Cht�j� se fale�n�ch zpr�v zbavit.
914
01:00:28,940 --> 01:00:31,280
Je to ale velmi t�k�,
proto�e jak rozli��te
915
01:00:31,280 --> 01:00:34,070
fale�n� zpr�vy od skute�n�ch,
kdy� si nem��ete
916
01:00:34,070 --> 01:00:35,720
p�e��st v�echny ty zpr�vy osobn�?
917
01:00:35,720 --> 01:00:40,700
Kolem n�s je spousta dezinformac�
918
01:00:40,700 --> 01:00:42,050
a jsou velmi dob�e zaobalen�
919
01:00:42,050 --> 01:00:44,530
a vypadaj� naprosto stejn�,
kdy� je vid�te
920
01:00:44,530 --> 01:00:48,330
na Facebookov� str�nce,
nebo kdy� zapnete televizi.
921
01:00:48,330 --> 01:00:50,510
Nen� to kdov�jak sofistikovan�,
922
01:00:50,510 --> 01:00:52,630
ale je to velmi ��inn�.
923
01:00:52,630 --> 01:00:55,240
A co to v d�sledku znamen� je,
�e va�e vn�m�n� sv�ta,
924
01:00:55,240 --> 01:00:57,600
kter� p�ed 20 lety utv��elo to,
925
01:00:57,600 --> 01:01:01,010
�e jste ve�er sledovali zpr�vy
na t�ech r�zn�ch kan�lech,
926
01:01:01,010 --> 01:01:02,977
tak tyto t�i kan�ly, kter� se
sna�ily to d�lat spr�vn�,
927
01:01:02,977 --> 01:01:05,220
mo�n� byly ur�it�m
zp�sobem zaujat�,
928
01:01:05,220 --> 01:01:06,150
ale obecn� vzato
929
01:01:06,150 --> 01:01:08,200
se shodneme, �e pod�valy
objektivn� realitu.
930
01:01:09,092 --> 01:01:12,201
Objektivita se vytratila
a Facebook
931
01:01:12,201 --> 01:01:14,283
byl naprosto zni�en.
932
01:01:18,200 --> 01:01:20,240
Pokud se v�t�ina va�eho
ch�p�n� sv�ta
933
01:01:20,240 --> 01:01:22,020
odv�j� od Facebooku,
934
01:01:22,020 --> 01:01:24,666
utv��en�m softwarov�mi
algoritmy, kter� se pokou�ej�
935
01:01:24,666 --> 01:01:27,373
v�m ukazovat zpr�vy,
kter� chcete vid�t,
936
01:01:28,370 --> 01:01:29,627
tak je to velmi nebezpe�n� v�c
937
01:01:29,627 --> 01:01:32,890
a my�lenka, �e jsme tohle
nejen uvedli do pohybu,
938
01:01:34,060 --> 01:01:36,940
ale �e jsme umo�nili v�em
t�m fale�n�m hr���m
939
01:01:36,940 --> 01:01:38,190
p��stup k t�m informac�m...
940
01:01:38,190 --> 01:01:40,433
Tohle je recept na katastrofu.
941
01:01:44,340 --> 01:01:46,100
Mysl�m, �e na je rozhodn� spousta
942
01:01:46,100 --> 01:01:49,870
fale�n�ch hr���, kte�� se
sna�� manipulovat sv�t pomoc� UI.
943
01:01:49,870 --> 01:01:53,160
2016 byl perfektn� p��klad voleb,
944
01:01:53,160 --> 01:01:55,948
ve kter�ch bylo mnoho UI,
produkuj�c� fale�n� zpr�vy
945
01:01:56,042 --> 01:01:59,383
a distribuuj�c� je za ur�it�m
��elem nebo c�lem.
946
01:02:00,800 --> 01:02:03,200
D�my a p�nov�,
v�en� kolegov�,
947
01:02:03,200 --> 01:02:05,470
m�m dnes tu �est
promluvit k v�m
948
01:02:05,470 --> 01:02:08,910
ohledn� vlivu data
a psychografiky
949
01:02:08,910 --> 01:02:10,790
p�i volebn�ch procesech
950
01:02:10,790 --> 01:02:13,270
a obzvl�t� pak o pr�ci,
951
01:02:13,270 --> 01:02:16,040
kterou jsme odvedli
v prezidentsk� kampani
952
01:02:16,040 --> 01:02:17,470
sen�tora Cruze.
953
01:02:17,470 --> 01:02:20,890
Cambridge Analytika
vznikla potichu jako spole�nost,
954
01:02:20,890 --> 01:02:22,712
kter� podle sv�ch
vlastn�ch p�edstavitel�
955
01:02:22,712 --> 01:02:26,310
m� schopnost vyu��t toto
obrovsk� mno�stv� dat
956
01:02:27,230 --> 01:02:30,575
tak, aby ovlivnili
zm�ny ve spole�nosti.
957
01:02:30,575 --> 01:02:34,530
Roku 2016 m�li t�i
hlavn� klienty,
958
01:02:34,530 --> 01:02:36,110
z nich� jeden byl Ted Cruz.
959
01:02:36,110 --> 01:02:38,810
Je snadn� zapomenout,
�e p�ed pouh�mi 18 m�s�ci
960
01:02:38,810 --> 01:02:42,140
byl sen�tor Cruz jedn�m
z nejm�n� popul�rn�ch kandid�t�
961
01:02:42,140 --> 01:02:43,830
uch�zej�c�ch se o nominaci.
962
01:02:43,830 --> 01:02:45,630
Tak�e to, co nebylo
963
01:02:45,630 --> 01:02:48,820
tak p�ed 10 nebo 15 lety
mo�n�, �e byste
964
01:02:48,820 --> 01:02:51,333
pos�lali fale�n� zpr�vy
p�esn� t�m lidem,
965
01:02:51,333 --> 01:02:53,410
kter�m je poslat chcete,
966
01:02:53,410 --> 01:02:55,940
a pak byste skute�n� vid�li
jak on nebo ona
967
01:02:55,940 --> 01:02:57,450
reaguj� na Facebooku
968
01:02:57,450 --> 01:03:00,510
a pak p�izp�sobili
ty informace podle
969
01:03:00,510 --> 01:03:03,260
jejich odezvy, kterou m�te
a tak byste mohli
970
01:03:03,260 --> 01:03:06,120
za��t vytv��et jak�si
realtimov� management
971
01:03:06,120 --> 01:03:07,720
lidsk� populace.
972
01:03:07,720 --> 01:03:10,120
V tomto p��pad� jsme
to sm��ovali na skupinu,
973
01:03:10,120 --> 01:03:11,610
kterou jsme nazvali "p�esv�d�en�".
974
01:03:11,610 --> 01:03:15,610
Toto jsou lid�, kte�� ur�it�
p�jdou volit do spr�vn�ho v�boru,
975
01:03:15,610 --> 01:03:17,291
ale pot�ebuj� se od st�edu
976
01:03:17,291 --> 01:03:19,390
odklonit trochu v�c doprava,
977
01:03:19,390 --> 01:03:20,680
aby podpo�ili Cruze.
978
01:03:20,680 --> 01:03:23,030
Pot�ebuj� n�jakou
p�esv�d�ovac� zpr�vu.
979
01:03:23,030 --> 01:03:25,330
Vybral jsem jako p��klad
pr�vo na dr�en� zbran�,
980
01:03:25,330 --> 01:03:27,705
kter� n�m tu oblast
trochu zu�uje a te�
981
01:03:27,705 --> 01:03:32,020
pot�ebujeme p�esv�d�ivou zpr�vu
ohledn� pr�v na dr�en� zbran�,
982
01:03:32,020 --> 01:03:33,980
a mus� b�t vybrou�en� p�esn�
983
01:03:33,980 --> 01:03:36,870
podle konkr�tn� osobnosti,
na kterou se soust�ed�me.
984
01:03:36,870 --> 01:03:38,280
Skrze soci�ln� s�t�
985
01:03:38,280 --> 01:03:43,470
m��ete shrom�dit o lidech
obrovsk� mno�stv� informac�.
986
01:03:43,470 --> 01:03:46,750
M�me n�co kolem �ty�
a� p�ti tis�c datov�ch z�znam�
987
01:03:46,750 --> 01:03:49,500
o ka�d�m dosp�l�m jedinci
ve Spojen�ch st�tech.
988
01:03:49,500 --> 01:03:51,910
Jde o zac�len� na jedince.
989
01:03:52,900 --> 01:03:55,430
Je to jako zbra�,
kterou m��ete vyu��t
990
01:03:55,430 --> 01:03:56,920
zcela �patn�m zp�sobem.
991
01:03:56,920 --> 01:03:58,990
To je probl�m v�ech t�ch dat.
992
01:03:58,990 --> 01:04:00,709
Je to skoro jako bychom
vyr�b�li kulku d��v,
993
01:04:00,709 --> 01:04:03,120
ne� vyrob�me zbra�.
994
01:04:03,120 --> 01:04:07,310
Ted Cruz pou�il na�e data,
na�e behavior�ln� p�ehledy.
995
01:04:07,310 --> 01:04:10,514
Za�al od z�kladu s m�n�
ne� 5 procenty
996
01:04:10,514 --> 01:04:15,514
a m�l velmi pozvoln�
ale trval� vzestup na v�ce
997
01:04:15,567 --> 01:04:17,752
ne� 35 procent,
co� z n�j ud�lalo
998
01:04:17,752 --> 01:04:21,380
druh�ho nej�hav�j��ho
favorita v tomto z�vod�.
999
01:04:21,380 --> 01:04:23,858
Cruzova kampa� je nyn� u konce,
1000
01:04:23,858 --> 01:04:27,190
ale mohu v�m ��ct,
�e ze dvou kandid�t�,
1001
01:04:27,190 --> 01:04:29,130
kte�� zbyli v t�chto volb�ch,
1002
01:04:29,130 --> 01:04:31,663
jeden tyto technologie vyu��v�.
1003
01:04:33,976 --> 01:04:36,910
J�, Donald John Trump,
slavnostn� p��sah�m,
1004
01:04:36,910 --> 01:04:39,700
�e budu �estn� vykon�vat ��ad
1005
01:04:39,700 --> 01:04:43,281
prezidenta Spojen�ch st�t�.
1006
01:04:49,430 --> 01:04:50,619
Volby jsou snadn� �kol.
1007
01:04:50,619 --> 01:04:58,670
Nepot�ebujete zrovna inteligentn� UI,
abyste m�li dispropor�n� vliv.
1008
01:04:59,960 --> 01:05:03,480
P�ed Trumpem byl dal��m
z mo�n�ch klient� Brexit.
1009
01:05:03,480 --> 01:05:06,670
Te� v 16:40 m��eme ��ct,
1010
01:05:06,670 --> 01:05:10,069
�e rozhodnut�, kter� tato
zem� p�ijala roku 1975,
1011
01:05:10,069 --> 01:05:12,825
ohledn� vstupu na spole�n�
trh bylo zvr�ceno
1012
01:05:12,825 --> 01:05:16,963
t�mto referendem o vystoupen� z EU.
1013
01:05:18,140 --> 01:05:20,780
Cambridge Analytica
�dajn� pou��v� UI,
1014
01:05:20,780 --> 01:05:23,010
aby protla�ili dv�
ze zcela z�sadn�ch
1015
01:05:23,010 --> 01:05:27,633
politick�ch zm�n
za posledn�ch 50 let.
1016
01:05:28,870 --> 01:05:31,610
Jsou to epoch�ln� ud�losti
a pokud tomu v���me,
1017
01:05:31,610 --> 01:05:34,140
jsou p��mo propojeny s ��st�
1018
01:05:34,140 --> 01:05:38,113
softwaru vytvo�en�ho v podstat�
profesorem na Stanfordu.
1019
01:05:42,330 --> 01:05:45,610
U� roku 2013 jsem
popsal, �e to, co d�laj�
1020
01:05:45,610 --> 01:05:49,173
je mo�n� a upozornil jsem na to,
�e se tohle v budoucnu m��e st�t.
1021
01:05:50,280 --> 01:05:52,290
V t� dob� byl Michal Kosinski
1022
01:05:52,290 --> 01:05:55,890
mlad� polsk� v�dec, pracuj�c�
v Psychometrick�m centru.
1023
01:05:55,890 --> 01:06:00,257
Michal d�lal to,
�e shrom�dil nejv�t��
1024
01:06:00,257 --> 01:06:03,503
soubor dat ohledn� toho,
jak se lid� chovaj� na Facebooku.
1025
01:06:04,470 --> 01:06:07,223
Psychometrika se pokou�� vyhodnotit
1026
01:06:07,223 --> 01:06:10,528
psychologick� rysy, jako je
osobnost, inteligence,
1027
01:06:10,528 --> 01:06:12,920
politick� n�zory a tak d�le.
1028
01:06:12,920 --> 01:06:16,020
Tyto rysy b�valy
obvykle vyhodnocov�ny
1029
01:06:16,020 --> 01:06:17,903
pomoc� test� a dotazn�k�.
1030
01:06:18,740 --> 01:06:20,550
Osobnostn� test byl
ta nejne�kodn�j�� v�c,
1031
01:06:20,550 --> 01:06:21,580
kter� by v�s napadla.
1032
01:06:21,580 --> 01:06:25,120
N�co, co nemus� b�t zrovna
kdo v� jak u�ite�n�, �e?
1033
01:06:25,120 --> 01:06:28,310
Na�� my�lenkou bylo,
�e m�sto test� a dotazn�k�
1034
01:06:28,310 --> 01:06:30,370
se prost� m��eme pod�vat
na digit�ln� otisky
1035
01:06:30,370 --> 01:06:32,570
na�eho chov�n�, kter�
za sebou v�ichni zanech�v�me,
1036
01:06:33,460 --> 01:06:38,460
abychom pochopili otev�enost,
z�sadovost, neurotismus.
1037
01:06:38,700 --> 01:06:41,090
M��ete snadno koupit
osobn� data, jako
1038
01:06:41,090 --> 01:06:44,050
kde �ijete, v jak�ch
klubech jste �lenem,
1039
01:06:44,050 --> 01:06:46,218
kam chod�te do posilovny.
1040
01:06:46,218 --> 01:06:48,823
Existuj� tr�i�t� s osobn�mi �daji.
1041
01:06:48,823 --> 01:06:51,370
Ukazuje se, �e jsme schopni
zjistit velmi mnoho o tom,
1042
01:06:51,370 --> 01:06:53,030
co se chyst�te ud�lat,
1043
01:06:53,030 --> 01:06:55,703
na z�klad� velmi mal�ho
mno�stv� informac�.
1044
01:06:56,840 --> 01:06:59,690
Tr�nujeme samostatn�
se u��c� s�t�,
1045
01:06:59,690 --> 01:07:02,220
odvozen� od podrobn�ch rys�.
1046
01:07:02,220 --> 01:07:06,790
Politick� n�zory lid�,
osobnosti, inteligence,
1047
01:07:06,790 --> 01:07:08,710
sexu�ln� orientace,
1048
01:07:08,710 --> 01:07:11,130
nebo jen obr�zek
n���ho obli�eje.
1049
01:07:17,930 --> 01:07:20,070
Te� pomyslete na zem�,
kter� nejsou tak svobodn�
1050
01:07:20,070 --> 01:07:21,550
a volnomy�lenk��sk�.
1051
01:07:21,550 --> 01:07:22,975
Pokud byste mohli odhalit
1052
01:07:22,975 --> 01:07:26,396
n�bo�ensk� sm��len�, politick�
n�zory nebo sexu�ln� orientaci
1053
01:07:26,396 --> 01:07:29,720
jen na z�klad� profilov�ch fotek,
1054
01:07:29,720 --> 01:07:34,173
tak by to mohla b�t doslova
ot�zka �ivota a smrti.
1055
01:07:37,900 --> 01:07:39,453
Mysl�m, �e nen� cesty zp�tky.
1056
01:07:43,010 --> 01:07:44,910
V�, co je to Turing�v test?
1057
01:07:46,460 --> 01:07:49,890
Jde o to, �e �lov�k
jedn� s po��ta�em
1058
01:07:49,890 --> 01:07:52,473
a pokud �lov�k nepozn�,
�e jedn� s po��ta�em,
1059
01:07:52,673 --> 01:07:54,693
tak ten test usp�l.
1060
01:07:55,680 --> 01:07:57,120
B�hem n�kolika dal��ch dn�
1061
01:07:58,210 --> 01:08:00,670
bude� lidsk� ��st Turingova testu.
1062
01:08:00,670 --> 01:08:01,900
No, do prdele!
1063
01:08:01,900 --> 01:08:03,963
P�esn� tak, Calebe.
Zvl�dl jsi to.
1064
01:08:05,010 --> 01:08:09,172
Proto�e pokud ten
test usp�je, tak ty
1065
01:08:09,172 --> 01:08:11,800
bude� v samotn�m centru
nejv�t�� v�deck� ud�losti
1066
01:08:11,800 --> 01:08:13,880
v d�jin�ch lidstva.
1067
01:08:13,880 --> 01:08:15,560
Jestli jste stvo�il
stroj s v�dom�m,
1068
01:08:15,560 --> 01:08:17,113
tak to nejsou d�jiny lidstva.
1069
01:08:18,560 --> 01:08:20,023
Jsou to d�jiny boh�.
1070
01:08:27,810 --> 01:08:30,610
Je to t�m�� jako by technologie
byla bohem sama o sob�.
1071
01:08:34,150 --> 01:08:36,280
Jako po�as�.
Nem��eme ho ovlivnit,
1072
01:08:36,280 --> 01:08:37,490
nem��eme ho zpomalit,
1073
01:08:37,490 --> 01:08:38,390
nem��eme ho zastavit.
1074
01:08:40,550 --> 01:08:42,893
C�t�me se bezmocn�.
1075
01:08:44,670 --> 01:08:46,910
Uva�ujeme-li o Bohu,
je to nekone�n� mno�stv�
1076
01:08:46,910 --> 01:08:47,780
inteligence.
1077
01:08:47,780 --> 01:08:50,345
Nejv�c se tomu m��eme
p�ibl�it tak, �e roz����me
1078
01:08:50,345 --> 01:08:52,518
svou inteligenci slou�en�m
1079
01:08:52,518 --> 01:08:55,033
s um�lou inteligenc�,
kterou vytv���me.
1080
01:08:56,510 --> 01:08:59,770
Dnes n�m na�e po��ta�e,
na�e telefony, aplikace,
1081
01:08:59,770 --> 01:09:01,453
d�vaj� nadlidsk� schopnosti.
1082
01:09:02,580 --> 01:09:05,530
Tak�e, jak ��k� jeden star� v�rok,
kdy� je nem��e� porazit, p�idej se k nim.
1083
01:09:07,830 --> 01:09:10,890
Je to o partnerstv� �lov�ka a stroje.
1084
01:09:10,890 --> 01:09:12,352
Mysl�m, �e u� to vid�me.
1085
01:09:12,370 --> 01:09:13,870
Nap��klad na�e telefony.
1086
01:09:13,870 --> 01:09:15,880
Funguj� jako pam�ov� prot�za, �e?
1087
01:09:15,880 --> 01:09:17,760
Nemus�m si pamatovat
va�e telefonn� ��slo,
1088
01:09:17,760 --> 01:09:20,090
proto�e ho m�m v telefonu.
1089
01:09:20,090 --> 01:09:22,990
Je to o stroj�ch, kter�
roz�i�uj� lidsk� schopnosti
1090
01:09:22,990 --> 01:09:25,290
nam�sto toho, aby je
naprosto nahrazovaly.
1091
01:09:26,210 --> 01:09:28,000
Pokud se pod�v�te
na v�echny objekty,
1092
01:09:28,000 --> 01:09:30,980
kter� pokro�ily od analogov�ch
k digit�ln�m za posledn�ch 20 let,
1093
01:09:30,980 --> 01:09:31,813
tak je to spousta.
1094
01:09:33,010 --> 01:09:36,329
Jsme posledn� analogick�
objekty v digit�ln�m vesm�ru.
1095
01:09:36,329 --> 01:09:37,770
A probl�m v tom cel�m samoz�ejm� je,
1096
01:09:37,770 --> 01:09:41,490
�e m�me velmi limitovan�
vstup a v�stup dat.
1097
01:09:41,490 --> 01:09:42,933
Je to tohle a tohle.
1098
01:09:44,930 --> 01:09:45,830
Na�e o�i jsou docela dobr�.
1099
01:09:45,830 --> 01:09:48,330
Dok�eme vn�mat spoustu
vizu�ln�ch informac�.
1100
01:09:49,627 --> 01:09:53,480
Na�e mo�nosti v�stupu informac�
jsou ale velmi, velmi, velmi omezen�.
1101
01:09:53,480 --> 01:09:56,827
D�vodem pro� je tohle d�le�it� je,
�e pokud si p�edstav�me sc�n��,
1102
01:09:56,827 --> 01:09:59,719
kde UI hraje d�le�it�j��
roli ve spole�nosti,
1103
01:09:59,719 --> 01:10:02,960
tak chceme dobr� zp�sob, jak
interagovat s touto technologi�,
1104
01:10:02,960 --> 01:10:05,513
tak�e to skon�� na��m roz���en�m.
1105
01:10:09,726 --> 01:10:10,559
Mysl�m, �e je velmi d�le�it�,
1106
01:10:10,559 --> 01:10:14,283
abychom ned�lali UI z n��eho
jin�ho - mus�me to b�t my.
1107
01:10:15,810 --> 01:10:18,310
A mo�n� se m�l�m
v tom, co te� �eknu,
1108
01:10:20,070 --> 01:10:21,800
ale jsem skute�n� otev�en�
n�pad�m, pokud n�kdo
1109
01:10:21,800 --> 01:10:23,780
navrhne zp�sob, kter� je lep��.
1110
01:10:25,360 --> 01:10:27,340
Mysl�m si ale, �e se budeme
opravdu muset bu�to
1111
01:10:27,340 --> 01:10:28,953
spojit s UI nebo budeme
zanech�ni napospas.
1112
01:10:37,330 --> 01:10:39,710
Je t�k� p�edstavit si
vypnut� syst�mu,
1113
01:10:39,710 --> 01:10:42,750
kter� je roz���en�
v�ude po planet�.
1114
01:10:42,750 --> 01:10:46,590
Je nyn� distribuov�n
nap��� sol�rn�m syst�mem.
1115
01:10:46,590 --> 01:10:48,590
Nem��ete to prost�
jen tak vypnout.
1116
01:10:50,610 --> 01:10:51,960
Otev�eli jsme Pando�inu sk��nku.
1117
01:10:51,960 --> 01:10:55,663
Vypustili jsme s�ly, kter�
nedok�eme ovl�dat ani zastavit.
1118
01:10:56,630 --> 01:10:58,190
Jsme v podstat�
uprost�ed utv��en�
1119
01:10:58,190 --> 01:11:00,486
zcela nov� �ivo�i�n�
formy na Zemi.
1120
01:11:06,960 --> 01:11:08,620
Nev�me, co se bude d�t d�l,
1121
01:11:08,620 --> 01:11:11,837
nev�me, jak bude vypadat
intelekt stroje,
1122
01:11:12,037 --> 01:11:15,490
proto�e tento intelekt dalece
p�ekra�uje lidsk� schopnosti.
1123
01:11:15,490 --> 01:11:17,573
Je to prost� n�co,
co zat�m nen� mo�n�.
1124
01:11:25,690 --> 01:11:28,130
Nejm�n� d�siv� budoucnost,
kterou si dok�u p�edstavit je ta,
1125
01:11:28,130 --> 01:11:30,080
ve kter� m�me alespo�
zlidov�lou UI,
1126
01:11:32,480 --> 01:11:34,911
proto�e pokud jedna
spole�nost nebo skupinka lid�
1127
01:11:35,111 --> 01:11:37,953
zvl�dne vyvinout bo�skou
super inteligenci,
1128
01:11:38,153 --> 01:11:39,503
tak by mohli ovl�dnout sv�t.
1129
01:11:41,240 --> 01:11:43,360
Pokud m�te zl�ho dikt�tora,
1130
01:11:43,360 --> 01:11:45,300
tak ten aspo� jednou um�e,
1131
01:11:45,300 --> 01:11:47,930
ale u UI nebude ��dn� smrt.
1132
01:11:47,930 --> 01:11:49,080
Bude ��t nav�dy.
1133
01:11:50,380 --> 01:11:52,850
A pak budeme m�t
nesmrteln�ho dikt�tora,
1134
01:11:52,850 --> 01:11:54,667
p�ed kter�m nebudeme
moct uniknout.
1135
01:13:19,325 --> 01:13:26,121
HONBA ZA UM�LOU INTELIGENC�
JE MULTIMILIARDOV� BYZNYS.
1136
01:13:26,321 --> 01:13:32,754
S T�M�� ��DN�MI OMEZEN�MI.
1137
01:13:34,455 --> 01:13:39,090
na�asoval a p�elo�il
-=tkimitkiy=-
1138
01:14:26,066 --> 01:14:29,988
V�NOV�NO PAM�TCE
STEPHENA HAWKINGA
1139
01:14:30,188 --> 01:14:31,315
(1942 - 2018)
1140
01:14:31,315 --> 01:14:35,000
www.Titulky.com
103221
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