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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 1 00:00:01,240 --> 00:00:05,003 Let's continue with some simple string methods. 2 2 00:00:06,780 --> 00:00:08,450 And the first two are gonna be 3 3 00:00:08,450 --> 00:00:10,943 for changing the case of a string. 4 4 00:00:14,070 --> 00:00:18,397 So that's airline.to lowercase. 5 5 00:00:20,580 --> 00:00:24,460 And this doesn't require any arguments at all. 6 6 00:00:24,460 --> 00:00:27,220 And then we also have to uppercase. 7 7 00:00:27,220 --> 00:00:28,993 And these we use all the time, 8 8 00:00:30,210 --> 00:00:34,600 as you will see soon in a more real world example. 9 9 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:37,790 And here you see that indeed, they transform to string, 10 10 00:00:37,790 --> 00:00:41,370 all to lowercase, and to uppercase. 11 11 00:00:41,370 --> 00:00:44,120 And again, you can of course, call these directly, 12 12 00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:49,120 also on a string, so like this, all right? 13 13 00:00:52,590 --> 00:00:56,450 But now let's use this on a more practical example, 14 14 00:00:56,450 --> 00:00:59,623 to fix the capitalization in a passenger name. 15 15 00:01:02,940 --> 00:01:07,223 capitalization in name, okay? 16 16 00:01:09,720 --> 00:01:12,360 So let's say that the passenger when he checked in 17 17 00:01:12,360 --> 00:01:17,360 I misspelled his name, and so it looks like this now. 18 18 00:01:17,770 --> 00:01:19,960 And so this needs to be fixed, 19 19 00:01:19,960 --> 00:01:23,973 it should look like this, okay? 20 20 00:01:25,010 --> 00:01:28,300 So in order to fix it, the first step is usually 21 21 00:01:28,300 --> 00:01:30,373 to put everything into lowercase here. 22 22 00:01:31,820 --> 00:01:36,720 So const, passenger, lower 23 23 00:01:37,800 --> 00:01:42,800 is passenger.to lowercase, like this. 24 24 00:01:44,780 --> 00:01:49,320 Okay, so basically, we already have now this part here. 25 25 00:01:49,320 --> 00:01:51,940 And now all we need to do is to essentially 26 26 00:01:51,940 --> 00:01:55,840 take the first letter, and then the rest of the string 27 27 00:01:55,840 --> 00:01:58,203 and put these two parts back together. 28 28 00:02:00,210 --> 00:02:05,210 So passenger, correct, will be passenger lowercase. 29 29 00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:12,710 And here, we only need the first letter. 30 30 00:02:12,710 --> 00:02:14,620 So how do we do that, 31 31 00:02:14,620 --> 00:02:18,930 we take the first letter by using the index zero. 32 32 00:02:18,930 --> 00:02:23,930 And so this one, we now convert to uppercase, all right? 33 33 00:02:24,450 --> 00:02:27,733 And now we simply need to add the rest of the string. 34 34 00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:32,170 So, again, we take passenger lower, 35 35 00:02:32,170 --> 00:02:34,680 and then we use the slice that we learned 36 36 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:38,260 in the last lecture, and start at position number one, 37 37 00:02:38,260 --> 00:02:41,680 because remember, that will then go to index one, 38 38 00:02:41,680 --> 00:02:45,423 and take everything until the end of the string. 39 39 00:02:47,240 --> 00:02:50,493 And so here, we then put back together, 40 40 00:02:51,470 --> 00:02:53,940 just the first part of the string 41 41 00:02:53,940 --> 00:02:58,030 converted to uppercase here, and then the rest of the string 42 42 00:02:58,030 --> 00:03:00,773 that we already had converted to lowercase before. 43 43 00:03:03,788 --> 00:03:08,713 Now, okay, and, indeed, now it is corrected, great. 44 44 00:03:10,510 --> 00:03:13,580 And of course, we could have done a function with this. 45 45 00:03:13,580 --> 00:03:16,550 And so maybe if you have the time, you can do that. 46 46 00:03:16,550 --> 00:03:19,810 So just create a function which takes any passenger name, 47 47 00:03:19,810 --> 00:03:22,770 and then returns the correct one. 48 48 00:03:22,770 --> 00:03:26,660 So with the fixed capitalization, but anyway, 49 49 00:03:26,660 --> 00:03:29,660 I will now do another real life example, 50 50 00:03:29,660 --> 00:03:34,120 which is to check a user input email, okay? 51 51 00:03:34,120 --> 00:03:39,120 So check email, now, this will not be really a checking, 52 52 00:03:39,320 --> 00:03:44,303 it will more be a comparing, so comparing emails. 53 53 00:03:46,200 --> 00:03:49,463 So let's say that we have to email of one passenger. 54 54 00:03:51,320 --> 00:03:56,320 So hello at Jonas.io, but now as the user logs in, 55 55 00:04:01,090 --> 00:04:06,090 so let's say login email, accidentally they do it all wrong, 56 56 00:04:07,740 --> 00:04:10,940 and they start with a couple of spaces here, 57 57 00:04:10,940 --> 00:04:14,510 and then the capitalization is all completely off 58 58 00:04:15,850 --> 00:04:19,750 like this, and then maybe even another space, 59 59 00:04:19,750 --> 00:04:24,750 or even an enter character, which remember is backslash n. 60 60 00:04:25,130 --> 00:04:28,850 So I think we talked about that in the beginning, okay? 61 61 00:04:28,850 --> 00:04:33,270 But still, this email here is actually still kind of correct 62 62 00:04:33,270 --> 00:04:35,110 and kind of valid. 63 63 00:04:35,110 --> 00:04:37,410 And so we can now still compare 64 64 00:04:37,410 --> 00:04:41,500 if these two are kind of the same, okay? 65 65 00:04:41,500 --> 00:04:45,370 So we can now try to convert this one to this one, 66 66 00:04:45,370 --> 00:04:47,170 and then check if they are the same. 67 67 00:04:48,050 --> 00:04:50,850 Because essentially, again, they are, 68 68 00:04:50,850 --> 00:04:52,420 they would be different if we had 69 69 00:04:52,420 --> 00:04:54,770 like different letters here, then of course, 70 70 00:04:54,770 --> 00:04:56,400 they would not be the same. 71 71 00:04:56,400 --> 00:04:59,580 But here it's just a matter of capitalization. 72 72 00:04:59,580 --> 00:05:02,760 And for emails I believe that they are still valid 73 73 00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:05,040 even with the capitalization off. 74 74 00:05:05,040 --> 00:05:07,950 And so when we check user input like this, 75 75 00:05:07,950 --> 00:05:11,423 the first step is usually to convert it to lowercase. 76 76 00:05:12,970 --> 00:05:17,970 So lower email, is login email.to lowercase. 77 77 00:05:24,274 --> 00:05:28,060 And then we must also get rid of all the whitespace here. 78 78 00:05:28,060 --> 00:05:33,000 So these empty spaces, and also this enter basically here 79 79 00:05:35,500 --> 00:05:37,680 also counts as a whitespace. 80 80 00:05:37,680 --> 00:05:39,933 So there is even a method for that. 81 81 00:05:41,230 --> 00:05:45,700 So let's say, trimmed email. 82 82 00:05:45,700 --> 00:05:49,763 And so that is lower email.trim. 83 83 00:05:52,560 --> 00:05:56,050 All right, let's just now log this to the console 84 84 00:05:56,050 --> 00:05:56,883 just to see. 85 85 00:05:58,170 --> 00:06:01,433 And so that looks exactly like that first version. 86 86 00:06:02,810 --> 00:06:05,900 Now, just look closely at what we did here. 87 87 00:06:05,900 --> 00:06:09,910 So we called to lowercase on this login email, 88 88 00:06:09,910 --> 00:06:11,670 stored it to this variable, 89 89 00:06:11,670 --> 00:06:15,740 and then on that variable, we called the trim method. 90 90 00:06:15,740 --> 00:06:18,953 But why do we even need this intermediate email? 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