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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,836 --> 00:00:06,905 Narrator: The bermuda triangle, an area off the florida coast 2 00:00:06,907 --> 00:00:09,274 made famous for the mysterious disappearance 3 00:00:09,276 --> 00:00:12,177 of ships and planes. 4 00:00:12,179 --> 00:00:14,380 Ditty: Normally, you would find a life vest, 5 00:00:14,382 --> 00:00:18,350 a life preserver or something, but not a trace. 6 00:00:18,352 --> 00:00:21,987 Narrator: Here, engines and instruments go haywire. 7 00:00:21,989 --> 00:00:25,357 Pilots and captains get lost, 8 00:00:25,359 --> 00:00:28,627 and passengers and crew are never seen again. 9 00:00:28,629 --> 00:00:29,962 Pepper: There must be some really powerful 10 00:00:29,964 --> 00:00:33,098 and terrifying forces involved. 11 00:00:33,100 --> 00:00:35,534 Narrator: Now investigators unravel the real 12 00:00:35,536 --> 00:00:38,904 and terrifying forces at play. 13 00:00:38,906 --> 00:00:40,305 Geez! 14 00:00:40,307 --> 00:00:41,940 Look at that! 15 00:00:43,978 --> 00:00:49,681 To solve this mystery, we dive deep into the bermuda triangle, 16 00:00:49,683 --> 00:00:54,453 digitally deconstruct the strange disappearances 17 00:00:54,455 --> 00:00:56,455 to reveal a hidden world... 18 00:00:58,592 --> 00:01:02,461 ...And an extraordinary landscape like no other, 19 00:01:02,463 --> 00:01:07,166 and unravel the curse of the bermuda triangle. 20 00:01:07,168 --> 00:01:12,104 ♪ 21 00:01:12,106 --> 00:01:15,107 -- captions by vitac -- www.Vitac.Com 22 00:01:15,109 --> 00:01:18,110 captions paid for by discovery communications 23 00:01:18,112 --> 00:01:21,547 off the eastern seaboard of the united states 24 00:01:21,549 --> 00:01:26,018 is an area known as the bermuda triangle. 25 00:01:26,020 --> 00:01:28,387 On average, 4 planes and 20 ships 26 00:01:28,389 --> 00:01:31,557 are reported to go missing in this region every year. 27 00:01:34,428 --> 00:01:39,531 Its victims vanish without a trace. 28 00:01:39,533 --> 00:01:41,500 There's still things that are unanswered. 29 00:01:41,502 --> 00:01:44,403 We still today conclusively and definitively don't know 30 00:01:44,405 --> 00:01:47,506 what happened with a whole host of ships and aircrafts. 31 00:01:50,578 --> 00:01:54,079 Narrator: The triangle covers 1/2 million square miles of ocean 32 00:01:54,081 --> 00:01:57,883 stretching between bermuda, miami, and puerto rico. 33 00:02:01,555 --> 00:02:05,457 It's a graveyard of lost wrecks. 34 00:02:05,459 --> 00:02:10,095 Among its victims, the u.S.S. Cyclops, 35 00:02:10,097 --> 00:02:15,868 a huge freighter that disappears under mysterious circumstances; 36 00:02:15,870 --> 00:02:21,673 flight 19, five bombers that vanish into thin air; 37 00:02:21,675 --> 00:02:24,176 and most recently el faro, 38 00:02:24,178 --> 00:02:29,314 a cargo ship lost at sea with no survivors. 39 00:02:29,316 --> 00:02:32,651 What makes this empty patch of ocean so deadly? 40 00:02:36,023 --> 00:02:38,290 Flying in the bahamas on a weekly basis, 41 00:02:38,292 --> 00:02:41,326 it sits in the back of my mind, flight 19 and other aircraft 42 00:02:41,328 --> 00:02:42,928 and ships that have disappeared in there. 43 00:02:44,431 --> 00:02:46,932 Narrator: Aviator charlie berichi is fascinated 44 00:02:46,934 --> 00:02:49,835 by the mysteries of the bermuda triangle. 45 00:02:49,837 --> 00:02:52,604 He investigates one of the triangle's most famous 46 00:02:52,606 --> 00:02:57,376 incidents -- the disappearance of flight 19. 47 00:02:57,378 --> 00:03:02,881 There's not a shred of evidence suggesting where they went down, 48 00:03:02,883 --> 00:03:06,785 no shred of evidence as far as aircraft wreckage. 49 00:03:08,856 --> 00:03:12,824 Narrator: Winter of 1945, flight 19, 50 00:03:12,826 --> 00:03:15,861 a squadron of u.S. Air force tbm avengers, 51 00:03:15,863 --> 00:03:19,665 fly out of fort lauderdale, florida. 52 00:03:19,667 --> 00:03:22,634 Its five pilots and nine crewmen are on a routine 53 00:03:22,636 --> 00:03:25,170 navigation-and-combat training mission. 54 00:03:28,008 --> 00:03:31,944 Shortly after takeoff, things start to go wrong. 55 00:03:31,946 --> 00:03:33,946 As the planes fly over the western corner 56 00:03:33,948 --> 00:03:35,614 of the bermuda triangle... 57 00:03:37,651 --> 00:03:40,352 ...Their twin compasses suddenly stop working. 58 00:03:43,023 --> 00:03:45,824 Disoriented and unable to navigate, 59 00:03:45,826 --> 00:03:48,860 the crew now looks for landmarks to guide them home. 60 00:03:50,965 --> 00:03:52,931 The flight leader spots a group of islands 61 00:03:52,933 --> 00:03:55,801 that he identifies as the florida keys. 62 00:03:57,871 --> 00:04:01,840 He changes course based on this landmark, 63 00:04:01,842 --> 00:04:04,243 and his trainee pilots follow him. 64 00:04:07,848 --> 00:04:10,315 All five planes vanish. 65 00:04:14,688 --> 00:04:18,557 Searching for clues, charlie flies into the bermuda triangle. 66 00:04:21,095 --> 00:04:23,862 This is where the trouble started. 67 00:04:23,864 --> 00:04:26,465 Flying over open waters, you can see there's nothing outside 68 00:04:26,467 --> 00:04:28,767 right now to use as a landmark, 69 00:04:28,769 --> 00:04:30,902 and it would definitely be hazardous 70 00:04:30,904 --> 00:04:33,538 if you had your compass go out. 71 00:04:33,540 --> 00:04:36,908 Narrator: From his cockpit, charlie thinks flight 19's leader 72 00:04:36,910 --> 00:04:39,077 makes a mistake in his identification 73 00:04:39,079 --> 00:04:41,713 of the florida keys. 74 00:04:41,715 --> 00:04:43,515 Berichi: These airmen were in the same 75 00:04:43,517 --> 00:04:45,217 exact position we're in right now 76 00:04:45,219 --> 00:04:48,086 with deteriorating weather conditions. 77 00:04:48,088 --> 00:04:52,491 As these cumulus clouds begin to devour the horizon, 78 00:04:52,493 --> 00:04:56,094 how do we know which side is up and which side is down? 79 00:04:58,232 --> 00:05:00,999 Narrator: Charlie believes the flight leader is confused 80 00:05:01,001 --> 00:05:04,303 and completely lost. 81 00:05:04,305 --> 00:05:06,238 Berichi: It was impossible. 82 00:05:06,240 --> 00:05:10,042 There's no way they ended up in key west. 83 00:05:10,044 --> 00:05:15,347 Narrator: If the patrol isn't in the florida keys, where is it? 84 00:05:15,349 --> 00:05:20,252 Charlie flies on searching for clues. 85 00:05:20,254 --> 00:05:24,056 Forty minutes later and over 200 miles away, 86 00:05:24,058 --> 00:05:27,359 he spots a chain of islands north of the bahamas 87 00:05:27,361 --> 00:05:30,495 that bears a striking similarity to the keys. 88 00:05:30,497 --> 00:05:33,432 The great abaco islands looks like key west. 89 00:05:33,434 --> 00:05:36,668 I can understand how what we see ahead of us 90 00:05:36,670 --> 00:05:41,473 kind of looks like key west as you start going southbound. 91 00:05:43,877 --> 00:05:45,744 So at this point in time in our investigation, 92 00:05:45,746 --> 00:05:48,814 I'm starting to see what they saw 93 00:05:48,816 --> 00:05:52,317 and how this could become even more confusing. 94 00:05:52,319 --> 00:05:57,556 Narrator: If charlie is right, flight 19 is in terrible trouble. 95 00:05:57,558 --> 00:05:59,691 It's hopelessly lost in the atlantic 96 00:05:59,693 --> 00:06:01,526 with their fuel running low. 97 00:06:01,528 --> 00:06:09,301 ♪ 98 00:06:09,303 --> 00:06:10,302 hey, donnie. 99 00:06:10,304 --> 00:06:12,237 Narrator: Back safely on the ground, 100 00:06:12,239 --> 00:06:14,072 charlie works with fellow pilot 101 00:06:14,074 --> 00:06:17,676 donnie ditty to investigate his theory that 102 00:06:17,678 --> 00:06:19,911 flight 19 mistakes its position 103 00:06:19,913 --> 00:06:23,248 and flies in the wrong direction. 104 00:06:23,250 --> 00:06:27,052 Donnie is a retired u.S. Army attack helicopter pilot 105 00:06:27,054 --> 00:06:31,523 with over half a century of flying experience. 106 00:06:31,525 --> 00:06:34,860 Ditty: The real question is, where is flight 19 right now? 107 00:06:34,862 --> 00:06:36,995 Where did it go down? 108 00:06:36,997 --> 00:06:39,398 Narrator: Plotting its flight path from the abaco islands 109 00:06:39,400 --> 00:06:40,799 where it gets lost, 110 00:06:40,801 --> 00:06:43,034 donnie and charlie piece together what could be 111 00:06:43,036 --> 00:06:45,604 flight 19's final moments. 112 00:06:45,606 --> 00:06:47,506 Ditty: They flew a course of 091. 113 00:06:47,508 --> 00:06:52,978 We are talking about roughly 26 minutes. 114 00:06:52,980 --> 00:06:54,513 Narrator: Because the flight leader believes 115 00:06:54,515 --> 00:06:56,715 the squadron is in the florida keys, 116 00:06:56,717 --> 00:07:01,353 they fly northeast to get back to fort lauderdale. 117 00:07:01,355 --> 00:07:04,055 Ditty: Somewhere around 2 hours of flight, 118 00:07:04,057 --> 00:07:07,559 he established a northeast heading. 119 00:07:07,561 --> 00:07:10,128 Narrator: But if they're actually over the abaco islands, 120 00:07:10,130 --> 00:07:12,898 they're flying further out to sea. 121 00:07:12,900 --> 00:07:15,834 If he had 3 more hours of fuel, 122 00:07:15,836 --> 00:07:22,340 he would have gone roughly 400 miles into the north atlantic. 123 00:07:26,380 --> 00:07:29,381 Narrator: Donnie believes flight 19 runs out of fuel 124 00:07:29,383 --> 00:07:32,350 and ditches in the ocean. 125 00:07:32,352 --> 00:07:33,919 Probably in a few hours, 126 00:07:33,921 --> 00:07:36,922 they were all unconscious. 127 00:07:36,924 --> 00:07:40,559 Narrator: If donnie and charlie are right, the location the planes go down 128 00:07:40,561 --> 00:07:42,961 and sink explains why no wreckage 129 00:07:42,963 --> 00:07:44,963 has ever been recovered. 130 00:07:44,965 --> 00:07:47,732 Ditty: Just a few miles off of abaco island, 131 00:07:47,734 --> 00:07:52,971 there's a sheer cliff that drops down to 15,000 feet. 132 00:07:52,973 --> 00:07:57,676 Narrator: The planes are now lost in the abyss of the atlantic. 133 00:07:57,678 --> 00:08:02,814 We've got possible compass failure, losing track of time. 134 00:08:02,816 --> 00:08:04,616 We've got poor airmanship. 135 00:08:04,618 --> 00:08:07,586 I'm pretty confident that it is, it did just ditch 136 00:08:07,588 --> 00:08:10,422 and run out of fuel in the northeast side 137 00:08:10,424 --> 00:08:14,292 of the abaco islands in 15,000 feet of water. 138 00:08:14,294 --> 00:08:17,128 Narrator: But there's another unsolved mystery. 139 00:08:17,130 --> 00:08:19,731 Following flight 19's disappearance, 140 00:08:19,733 --> 00:08:22,033 a pbm mariner seaplane is dispatched 141 00:08:22,035 --> 00:08:25,003 on a search-and-rescue mission. 142 00:08:25,005 --> 00:08:29,941 It, along with its 13 crew, also disappears without a trace. 143 00:08:32,846 --> 00:08:37,315 The mariner is perfect for long searches. 144 00:08:37,317 --> 00:08:39,651 It has five fuel tanks 145 00:08:39,653 --> 00:08:44,623 that give it a massive 3,000-mile range, 146 00:08:44,625 --> 00:08:46,525 but some tanks are leaky, 147 00:08:46,527 --> 00:08:49,461 allowing fuel vapors to spread through the plane, 148 00:08:49,463 --> 00:08:53,331 turning it into a flying bomb. 149 00:08:53,333 --> 00:08:55,634 On that fateful night, 150 00:08:55,636 --> 00:08:58,603 the mariner takes off from florida. 151 00:08:58,605 --> 00:09:03,608 It plans to fly a search pattern across the bahamas, 152 00:09:03,610 --> 00:09:06,077 but just 20 minutes after takeoff, 153 00:09:06,079 --> 00:09:10,215 a passing ship sees an explosion 154 00:09:10,217 --> 00:09:13,752 with flames leaping 100 feet into the air 155 00:09:13,754 --> 00:09:16,621 right where the mariner goes missing. 156 00:09:16,623 --> 00:09:18,390 It was such a horrific explosion. 157 00:09:18,392 --> 00:09:24,229 They still to this day haven't found any part of it. 158 00:09:24,231 --> 00:09:26,398 Narrator: The lack of wreckage is a common feature 159 00:09:26,400 --> 00:09:30,502 of many bermuda triangle mysteries, 160 00:09:30,504 --> 00:09:34,272 but at its north corner hidden beneath the waves of bermuda, 161 00:09:34,274 --> 00:09:36,741 the evidence of wrecks is very real. 162 00:09:39,079 --> 00:09:41,713 Could unearthing the island of bermuda itself 163 00:09:41,715 --> 00:09:45,283 reveal more clues to the triangle's hidden secrets? 164 00:09:54,294 --> 00:09:58,496 Narrator: The bermuda triangle, a section of the atlantic ocean 165 00:09:58,498 --> 00:10:05,203 that stretches between florida, bermuda, and puerto rico, 166 00:10:05,205 --> 00:10:08,106 it cannot be found on any official map... 167 00:10:10,110 --> 00:10:12,277 ...But it's a place where ships, planes, 168 00:10:12,279 --> 00:10:14,479 and people simply vanish. 169 00:10:18,018 --> 00:10:22,153 At the triangle's northern apex in the blue waters of bermuda, 170 00:10:22,155 --> 00:10:25,890 more than 300 wrecks form a ring around the islands. 171 00:10:27,928 --> 00:10:30,562 Many of their hulls have been torn apart, 172 00:10:30,564 --> 00:10:35,367 floundering on the huge coral reefs that surround the atoll. 173 00:10:35,369 --> 00:10:37,369 These reefs are formed by coral skeletons, 174 00:10:37,371 --> 00:10:39,170 which are essentially just little animals that want 175 00:10:39,172 --> 00:10:43,174 to grow as close to the surface of the water as possible. 176 00:10:43,176 --> 00:10:47,445 Narrator: But these reefs are clearly indicated on maps. 177 00:10:47,447 --> 00:10:50,415 So what lures the ships to their doom here? 178 00:10:52,853 --> 00:10:55,520 Bermuda is an idyllic island group. 179 00:10:59,192 --> 00:11:03,128 The sea's smooth surface conceals an alien landscape 180 00:11:03,130 --> 00:11:06,064 shaped by volcanic forces. 181 00:11:06,066 --> 00:11:08,867 Surrounding the islands 182 00:11:08,869 --> 00:11:12,137 are a hidden barrier of jagged coral reefs 183 00:11:12,139 --> 00:11:18,910 made from razor-sharp limestone capable of tearing a ship apart, 184 00:11:18,912 --> 00:11:24,115 and deeper down hidden inside an underwater mountain 185 00:11:24,117 --> 00:11:30,555 is a mysterious iron-rich substance called magnetite. 186 00:11:30,557 --> 00:11:33,091 Could this explain why the bermuda triangle 187 00:11:33,093 --> 00:11:34,726 is so dangerous? 188 00:11:38,465 --> 00:11:41,733 When you form iron oxides, or essentially nature's rust, 189 00:11:41,735 --> 00:11:44,602 and you subject that to high temperatures, 190 00:11:44,604 --> 00:11:47,405 you form magnetite, 191 00:11:47,407 --> 00:11:49,407 and these high-temperature iron-oxide conditions 192 00:11:49,409 --> 00:11:50,875 exist here, 193 00:11:50,877 --> 00:11:54,779 potentially forming billions of tons of this stuff offshore. 194 00:11:54,781 --> 00:11:58,016 Narrator: Geoscientist dr. Martin pepper believes magnetite 195 00:11:58,018 --> 00:12:02,554 may be responsible for bermuda's wrecks. 196 00:12:02,556 --> 00:12:04,355 Magnetite is the most magnetic 197 00:12:04,357 --> 00:12:08,293 naturally occurring substance in the world, 198 00:12:08,295 --> 00:12:10,662 but how is a rock buried beneath an island 199 00:12:10,664 --> 00:12:13,598 luring ships to their doom? 200 00:12:13,600 --> 00:12:16,367 If we take a handful of magnetite 201 00:12:16,369 --> 00:12:19,270 and we put our compass on top of that like our ship 202 00:12:19,272 --> 00:12:22,140 would be trying to navigate over a giant deposit, 203 00:12:22,142 --> 00:12:24,843 you can actually see that the compass needle 204 00:12:24,845 --> 00:12:27,278 just swings round and round. 205 00:12:27,280 --> 00:12:29,013 If you desperately need to know where you're going 206 00:12:29,015 --> 00:12:32,117 and you don't have a specific bearing, that means trouble. 207 00:12:34,354 --> 00:12:37,288 Narrator: Martin wants to know if the magnetite beneath bermuda 208 00:12:37,290 --> 00:12:41,025 has an affect on compass readings. 209 00:12:41,027 --> 00:12:44,028 Using a magnetometer, he tests the strength 210 00:12:44,030 --> 00:12:46,364 of a sample of magnetite. 211 00:12:46,366 --> 00:12:47,999 Here we go. 212 00:12:52,005 --> 00:12:56,107 With about a pound of magnetite, I'm getting about 12.4 gauss. 213 00:12:56,109 --> 00:12:57,942 That's about 40 times more powerful 214 00:12:57,944 --> 00:13:00,545 than the average magnetic field of the earth. 215 00:13:00,547 --> 00:13:03,181 Narrator: Martin does the math. 216 00:13:03,183 --> 00:13:07,018 Most of bermuda's wrecks lie on a 65-foot volcanic plateau 217 00:13:07,020 --> 00:13:09,854 around the island. 218 00:13:09,856 --> 00:13:12,257 Magnetic fields are essentially a cubic function, 219 00:13:12,259 --> 00:13:15,059 so for every 2 feet you go away from it, 220 00:13:15,061 --> 00:13:17,362 it decreases its strength eight times, 221 00:13:17,364 --> 00:13:19,097 so you have to be pretty close to this stuff for it 222 00:13:19,099 --> 00:13:22,000 to mess with your compass. 223 00:13:22,002 --> 00:13:25,737 Narrator: It leads martin to an astonishing conclusion. 224 00:13:25,739 --> 00:13:29,574 If the magnetite lies beneath the volcanic plateau, 225 00:13:29,576 --> 00:13:34,879 there must be an enormous amount of the rock beneath bermuda. 226 00:13:34,881 --> 00:13:38,583 It might be as much as 10 billion tons. 227 00:13:38,585 --> 00:13:40,451 In the shallows, this could totally explain 228 00:13:40,453 --> 00:13:42,086 those hundreds of shipwrecks. 229 00:13:44,391 --> 00:13:46,291 Narrator: As a ship sails toward bermuda, 230 00:13:46,293 --> 00:13:49,961 it passes over the ancient volcano that formed the islands. 231 00:13:54,768 --> 00:13:56,134 The magnetite in the rocks 232 00:13:56,136 --> 00:13:59,904 beneath could pull the ship's compass off true north. 233 00:13:59,906 --> 00:14:05,677 ♪ 234 00:14:05,679 --> 00:14:10,715 so the captain may think that bermuda's reefs are miles away 235 00:14:10,717 --> 00:14:13,351 when actually he is heading right for them. 236 00:14:17,791 --> 00:14:21,559 It's a mistake that sailors make through the ages, 237 00:14:21,561 --> 00:14:26,898 turning the waters around bermuda into a ship's graveyard. 238 00:14:26,900 --> 00:14:29,968 Imagine being out to sea with no land in sight. 239 00:14:29,970 --> 00:14:33,905 In calm waters is when the danger begins. 240 00:14:33,907 --> 00:14:35,473 Narrator: Bermuda's treacherous reefs 241 00:14:35,475 --> 00:14:37,742 and its compass-bending magnetite 242 00:14:37,744 --> 00:14:41,546 are a lethal combination for unsuspecting sailors. 243 00:14:41,548 --> 00:14:44,616 Lose your compass, and you could easily hit one of these. 244 00:14:47,220 --> 00:14:51,990 Narrator: But bermuda only forms one tip of the vast triangle. 245 00:14:51,992 --> 00:14:54,826 What strange forces explain other ships sunk 246 00:14:54,828 --> 00:14:57,729 beneath the waves of these deadly waters? 247 00:15:10,143 --> 00:15:15,480 Narrator: The bermuda triangle, a stretch of sea off america's east coast 248 00:15:15,482 --> 00:15:18,182 where people, planes, and ships 249 00:15:18,184 --> 00:15:20,652 are said to mysteriously disappear. 250 00:15:24,724 --> 00:15:28,359 In March 1918, the u.S.S. Cyclops, 251 00:15:28,361 --> 00:15:30,428 a massive coal freighter, 252 00:15:30,430 --> 00:15:35,133 steams out of barbados headed for baltimore. 253 00:15:35,135 --> 00:15:37,835 The ship, along with its passengers and crew, 254 00:15:37,837 --> 00:15:40,939 vanish, never to be seen again. 255 00:15:43,476 --> 00:15:46,911 Cyclops' route takes it across the southern edge 256 00:15:46,913 --> 00:15:49,881 of the bermuda triangle. 257 00:15:49,883 --> 00:15:51,482 Hidden beneath the ocean here 258 00:15:51,484 --> 00:15:56,721 is a gigantic trench 5 miles deep, 259 00:15:56,723 --> 00:16:02,794 60 miles wide, and 1,000 miles long. 260 00:16:02,796 --> 00:16:05,330 It's the deepest point in the atlantic ocean, 261 00:16:07,534 --> 00:16:11,836 and cyclops is not its only victim. 262 00:16:11,838 --> 00:16:16,174 In 1941, her two sister ships also go missing here. 263 00:16:19,612 --> 00:16:23,081 It's a remarkable coincidence, but how could a trench, 264 00:16:23,083 --> 00:16:25,883 however deep, possibly sink a ship? 265 00:16:29,155 --> 00:16:32,223 Oceanographers like to say we know the bottom of the ocean 266 00:16:32,225 --> 00:16:35,293 less well than we know the surface of the moon. 267 00:16:35,295 --> 00:16:38,629 Narrator: Marine scientist brian haus is investigating 268 00:16:38,631 --> 00:16:43,534 how the cyclops may have ended up at the bottom of the trench. 269 00:16:43,536 --> 00:16:45,670 He heads up the sustain lab 270 00:16:45,672 --> 00:16:48,840 at the university of miami's rosenstiel school of marine 271 00:16:48,842 --> 00:16:52,310 and atmospheric science. 272 00:16:52,312 --> 00:16:56,247 It's a unique facility that can create freak weather conditions. 273 00:16:59,019 --> 00:17:01,586 At the time cyclops sets sail, 274 00:17:01,588 --> 00:17:05,523 there are no reports of stormy weather, 275 00:17:05,525 --> 00:17:08,593 but brian suspects the ship is hit by a rare phenomenon 276 00:17:08,595 --> 00:17:13,064 that until recently is considered a myth -- 277 00:17:13,066 --> 00:17:15,566 rogue waves. 278 00:17:15,568 --> 00:17:17,435 Haus: They are a reality on the surface, 279 00:17:17,437 --> 00:17:22,206 and they do occur a lot more frequently than we think. 280 00:17:22,208 --> 00:17:24,175 Narrator: Rogue waves are normally formed 281 00:17:24,177 --> 00:17:28,846 when swells travel across the ocean at different speeds. 282 00:17:28,848 --> 00:17:31,049 When these swells pass over each other, 283 00:17:31,051 --> 00:17:35,820 their crests and troughs can coincide and intensify, 284 00:17:35,822 --> 00:17:39,223 creating walls of water that can reach 100 feet. 285 00:17:39,225 --> 00:17:41,926 Haus: When two of these waves come together, they add up. 286 00:17:41,928 --> 00:17:45,730 That creates a very large wave at that location. 287 00:17:45,732 --> 00:17:48,533 Narrator: Is the cyclops struck by a rogue wave? 288 00:17:50,837 --> 00:17:53,971 Brian suspects rogue waves may occur naturally above 289 00:17:53,973 --> 00:17:56,974 the puerto rico trench, where the cyclops is heading. 290 00:18:00,180 --> 00:18:03,881 That's because the trench has a unique underwater landscape 291 00:18:03,883 --> 00:18:08,719 that turns ordinary waves into killers. 292 00:18:08,721 --> 00:18:11,355 Strangely, it's not the trench's immense depth 293 00:18:11,357 --> 00:18:14,892 that creates the killer rogue waves, 294 00:18:14,894 --> 00:18:17,995 it's the trench's shallow areas. 295 00:18:17,997 --> 00:18:19,697 Haus: It's got to be shallow enough that the waves 296 00:18:19,699 --> 00:18:21,365 will actually feel the bottom 297 00:18:21,367 --> 00:18:24,936 and then having this sharp topography. 298 00:18:24,938 --> 00:18:27,572 Narrator: Brian's study of rogue waves reveals they occur 299 00:18:27,574 --> 00:18:31,576 in shallow waters where the length of the wave 300 00:18:31,578 --> 00:18:35,146 closely matches the water's depth. 301 00:18:35,148 --> 00:18:40,485 He searches the puerto rico trench for these danger zones. 302 00:18:40,487 --> 00:18:43,087 Haus: This area of the mona trough, 303 00:18:43,089 --> 00:18:46,424 this area up over here by the navidad bank, 304 00:18:46,426 --> 00:18:48,359 and then again over off the virgin islands 305 00:18:48,361 --> 00:18:51,195 in these trenches over here, 306 00:18:51,197 --> 00:18:52,930 the waves are interacting as they come up 307 00:18:52,932 --> 00:18:57,902 onto the really shallow waters on the sides of the banks. 308 00:18:57,904 --> 00:19:00,404 Narrator: Brian identifies several areas in the trench 309 00:19:00,406 --> 00:19:04,675 that could create monster rogue waves, 310 00:19:04,677 --> 00:19:10,214 but could the cyclops survive the impact with such a wave? 311 00:19:10,216 --> 00:19:13,584 Brian and his team use a model of the ship to find out. 312 00:19:17,023 --> 00:19:18,956 Haus: So right now my team is in the tank, 313 00:19:18,958 --> 00:19:21,759 and they're getting the boat ready to have it 314 00:19:21,761 --> 00:19:24,362 get hit by the waves. 315 00:19:24,364 --> 00:19:27,565 Narrator: The team first simulates a standard wave pattern. 316 00:19:30,570 --> 00:19:33,571 The ship easily rides the waves. 317 00:19:33,573 --> 00:19:35,973 Haus: You see that the boat is just bobbing up and down 318 00:19:35,975 --> 00:19:39,810 without having any issue in that wave field. 319 00:19:42,148 --> 00:19:45,183 Narrator: Next, the team simulates a rogue wave. 320 00:19:48,421 --> 00:19:50,821 Haus: Okay, so now we see we've started this group of waves 321 00:19:50,823 --> 00:19:52,323 that are going to come together. 322 00:19:52,325 --> 00:19:54,258 The shortest waves are coming first. 323 00:19:54,260 --> 00:19:57,094 The boat is handling that okay. 324 00:19:57,096 --> 00:19:59,463 We see the larger wave coming up, 325 00:19:59,465 --> 00:20:00,898 and then, wow, it just broke, 326 00:20:00,900 --> 00:20:04,202 and that ship just went right down. 327 00:20:04,204 --> 00:20:09,040 Narrator: The model ship is overwhelmed. 328 00:20:09,042 --> 00:20:14,078 Haus: You scale it would be equivalent to about a 90-foot-high wave, 329 00:20:14,080 --> 00:20:19,283 which breaking is just a tremendous amount of energy. 330 00:20:19,285 --> 00:20:21,185 Narrator: The changing depth of the seafloor 331 00:20:21,187 --> 00:20:22,553 can trigger a rogue wave 332 00:20:22,555 --> 00:20:27,625 on the surface towering up to 90 feet tall. 333 00:20:30,296 --> 00:20:34,265 Traveling at 75 miles an hour, 334 00:20:34,267 --> 00:20:37,668 it strikes cyclops without warning, 335 00:20:37,670 --> 00:20:44,842 leaving no time for an s.O.S., and the trench here is so deep 336 00:20:44,844 --> 00:20:47,011 that the wreck sinks to oblivion, 337 00:20:47,013 --> 00:20:48,779 never to be seen again. 338 00:20:52,552 --> 00:20:54,986 23 years later, 339 00:20:54,988 --> 00:20:59,423 her two sister ships sail in the same waters 340 00:20:59,425 --> 00:21:01,525 and may suffer the same fate. 341 00:21:03,997 --> 00:21:06,731 Brian believes a rogue wave is a solution 342 00:21:06,733 --> 00:21:09,600 to a 100-year-old mystery. 343 00:21:09,602 --> 00:21:12,737 Haus: The u.S.S. Cyclops could've been hit by a rogue wave. 344 00:21:12,739 --> 00:21:15,339 It's in an area where these are likely to occur, 345 00:21:15,341 --> 00:21:16,674 and it's very consistent 346 00:21:16,676 --> 00:21:20,978 with the available evidence in this case. 347 00:21:20,980 --> 00:21:26,117 Narrator: Today, the cyclops lies somewhere on the seabed. 348 00:21:26,119 --> 00:21:27,885 Now researchers are investigating 349 00:21:27,887 --> 00:21:29,887 a strange alien-like substance 350 00:21:29,889 --> 00:21:33,491 that lies beneath the ocean bedrock, 351 00:21:33,493 --> 00:21:37,094 one that may be responsible for other unexplained disappearances 352 00:21:37,096 --> 00:21:38,829 in the bermuda triangle. 353 00:21:49,809 --> 00:21:53,711 Narrator: The bermuda triangle -- a deadly patch of ocean 354 00:21:53,713 --> 00:21:56,480 that claims the lives of thousands. 355 00:21:56,482 --> 00:21:58,983 In a lot of these cases, there's no distress calls, 356 00:21:58,985 --> 00:22:02,119 no sign of wreckage, nothing. 357 00:22:02,121 --> 00:22:03,854 Narrator: Now scientists are investigating 358 00:22:03,856 --> 00:22:08,326 a strange alien-like substance on the ocean floor 359 00:22:08,328 --> 00:22:12,029 that some believe can swallow entire ships without warning. 360 00:22:16,569 --> 00:22:18,402 The waters of the bermuda triangle 361 00:22:18,404 --> 00:22:20,471 hide an explosive danger. 362 00:22:22,842 --> 00:22:26,310 Buried just below the seafloor lie 363 00:22:26,312 --> 00:22:30,247 immense ice domes of methane hydrate, 364 00:22:30,249 --> 00:22:33,417 methane gas trapped in water frozen solid 365 00:22:33,419 --> 00:22:36,454 by crushing pressure and icy temperatures. 366 00:22:40,827 --> 00:22:45,096 But the ice crystals are unstable, 367 00:22:45,098 --> 00:22:46,530 so if they're disturbed, 368 00:22:46,532 --> 00:22:50,201 they can collapse and release the gas in a huge eruption. 369 00:22:53,506 --> 00:22:59,009 Could these monster bubbles have the power to sink a ship? 370 00:22:59,011 --> 00:23:00,478 When you look at the methane molecule, 371 00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:03,047 it is one of the weirdest solids you've ever seen 372 00:23:03,049 --> 00:23:07,318 because it literally takes ice, merges it with methane, 373 00:23:07,320 --> 00:23:10,821 and you can store up to 80 times the volume of methane gas 374 00:23:10,823 --> 00:23:13,958 locked into this ice. 375 00:23:13,960 --> 00:23:16,527 Narrator: Geoscientist dr. Martin pepper suspects 376 00:23:16,529 --> 00:23:18,195 that methane-hydrate ice 377 00:23:18,197 --> 00:23:21,132 may explain the disappearance of dozens of ships 378 00:23:21,134 --> 00:23:22,767 in the bermuda triangle. 379 00:23:25,872 --> 00:23:30,040 Methane ice forms in very deep or very cold water 380 00:23:30,042 --> 00:23:34,979 where microbes in the clay sediment produce methane gas, 381 00:23:34,981 --> 00:23:36,881 but the real problem is when the methane 382 00:23:36,883 --> 00:23:38,783 is trapped beneath the seabed, 383 00:23:38,785 --> 00:23:43,654 and the gas builds over thousands of years. 384 00:23:43,656 --> 00:23:46,724 As the methane deep below it tries to boil out, 385 00:23:46,726 --> 00:23:50,361 that pressure is held in until finally that clay can't take it 386 00:23:50,363 --> 00:23:51,996 and then... 387 00:23:54,233 --> 00:23:56,000 Narrator: But can a methane-ice blowout 388 00:23:56,002 --> 00:23:59,003 in the bermuda triangle sink a ship? 389 00:23:59,005 --> 00:24:00,304 Pepper: The problem is, as scientists, 390 00:24:00,306 --> 00:24:02,239 we don't know how much is down there, 391 00:24:02,241 --> 00:24:05,176 but the bermuda triangle here is not immune, 392 00:24:05,178 --> 00:24:06,877 and we know there's a lot. 393 00:24:09,916 --> 00:24:12,716 Narrator: Martin conducts an experiment to investigate. 394 00:24:17,457 --> 00:24:19,156 He fills a 70-ounce bottle 395 00:24:19,158 --> 00:24:23,828 with 15 ounces of dry carbon-dioxide ice. 396 00:24:23,830 --> 00:24:25,629 Pepper: We're using dry ice, which is essentially 397 00:24:25,631 --> 00:24:27,932 just the solid form of carbon dioxide, 398 00:24:27,934 --> 00:24:30,167 and we're using that for safety purposes 399 00:24:30,169 --> 00:24:34,104 because we want to build pressure to explode the bottle, 400 00:24:34,106 --> 00:24:35,539 but we don't want the flammability 401 00:24:35,541 --> 00:24:38,909 that we have in methane. 402 00:24:38,911 --> 00:24:42,947 These bottles typically rupture at about 200 to 300 psi. 403 00:24:42,949 --> 00:24:44,815 That is a huge amount of pressure, 404 00:24:44,817 --> 00:24:47,384 which also gives us a large volume of air 405 00:24:47,386 --> 00:24:49,954 coming to the surface. 406 00:24:49,956 --> 00:24:51,889 Narrator: Martin plans to release a large bubble 407 00:24:51,891 --> 00:24:55,726 beneath a model ship to simulate a methane-ice explosion 408 00:24:55,728 --> 00:24:58,662 in the bermuda triangle. 409 00:24:58,664 --> 00:25:00,264 To really tease out what happens, 410 00:25:00,266 --> 00:25:02,867 I've put these little action cameras all over everything, 411 00:25:02,869 --> 00:25:04,168 so after the experiment, 412 00:25:04,170 --> 00:25:06,470 we can break it down just like a crime scene. 413 00:25:08,674 --> 00:25:11,942 Narrator: Martin adds a little water to speed up the reaction... 414 00:25:14,080 --> 00:25:15,980 ...And then seals the bottle. 415 00:25:15,982 --> 00:25:18,816 Really cinch it on. 416 00:25:21,087 --> 00:25:25,556 He positions it beneath the model ship 417 00:25:25,558 --> 00:25:28,559 and waits for the pressure to build. 418 00:25:28,561 --> 00:25:30,027 Pepper: We're starting to see some bubbles, 419 00:25:30,029 --> 00:25:31,962 and that's because the bottle is expanding 420 00:25:31,964 --> 00:25:35,266 and forcing it out of the foam underneath. 421 00:25:35,268 --> 00:25:37,401 That's always a sign it's about to go off. 422 00:25:37,403 --> 00:25:43,307 ♪ 423 00:25:43,309 --> 00:25:44,775 geez! 424 00:25:44,777 --> 00:25:46,911 Look at that! 425 00:25:46,913 --> 00:25:50,614 That was insane! 426 00:25:50,616 --> 00:25:52,816 Narrator: The explosion releases a huge bubble 427 00:25:52,818 --> 00:25:55,119 that sinks the model in an instant. 428 00:25:59,759 --> 00:26:04,795 Martin reviews high-speed footage of the experiment. 429 00:26:04,797 --> 00:26:07,298 This is impressive because you can actually see 430 00:26:07,300 --> 00:26:09,967 the shock wave kicks the boat up. 431 00:26:09,969 --> 00:26:11,468 Then the boat falls back down. 432 00:26:11,470 --> 00:26:14,638 You can literally see the weight of the cargo in the air, 433 00:26:14,640 --> 00:26:16,273 but then the bubble rises 434 00:26:16,275 --> 00:26:18,676 and throws the boat way up in the air, 435 00:26:18,678 --> 00:26:20,110 and then it literally just falls 436 00:26:20,112 --> 00:26:22,346 right through the hole created in the water. 437 00:26:24,617 --> 00:26:30,654 It is less than a second this whole thing transpires. 438 00:26:30,656 --> 00:26:35,292 Narrator: Just 15 ounces of dry ice is enough to sink a 3-foot model. 439 00:26:37,530 --> 00:26:40,731 But how much methane ice does it take to sink a large ship 440 00:26:40,733 --> 00:26:44,935 sailing through the bermuda triangle? 441 00:26:44,937 --> 00:26:46,604 If we were to scale this up, 442 00:26:46,606 --> 00:26:48,572 you'd only need about as much methane 443 00:26:48,574 --> 00:26:51,742 as the size of a container to do the same thing 444 00:26:51,744 --> 00:26:53,644 on a full-size cargo vessel. 445 00:26:56,215 --> 00:27:00,718 Narrator: The bermuda triangle may conceal a minefield of methane ice. 446 00:27:03,055 --> 00:27:04,888 It's not a big deal for this amount of methane 447 00:27:04,890 --> 00:27:06,223 to be in one spot. 448 00:27:06,225 --> 00:27:07,558 These methane clathrates 449 00:27:07,560 --> 00:27:10,461 could literally be ticking time bombs of bubbles 450 00:27:10,463 --> 00:27:14,198 just bursting out from under the oceans. 451 00:27:14,200 --> 00:27:18,002 Narrator: But it's not just shipping that's under threat. 452 00:27:18,004 --> 00:27:21,805 Could deadly methane ice also explain the dozens of aircraft 453 00:27:21,807 --> 00:27:24,141 that go missing in the bermuda triangle? 454 00:27:28,147 --> 00:27:31,148 Just 8 gallons of methane ice 455 00:27:31,150 --> 00:27:35,052 can release over 1,000 gallons of gas into the ocean. 456 00:27:38,324 --> 00:27:40,257 When the gas erupts at the surface 457 00:27:40,259 --> 00:27:44,662 and mixes with the air, it causes dangerous turbulence. 458 00:27:49,201 --> 00:27:52,336 And when methane floods a plane's engines, 459 00:27:52,338 --> 00:27:58,075 it can snuff out combustion, causing a deadly stall, 460 00:27:58,077 --> 00:28:04,081 or even worse, a spark from the engine could ignite the methane. 461 00:28:04,083 --> 00:28:09,420 ♪ 462 00:28:09,422 --> 00:28:12,456 what happens to ships could actually happen to airplanes 463 00:28:12,458 --> 00:28:16,060 if they're flying low enough to the sea surface. 464 00:28:16,062 --> 00:28:18,462 Narrator: Methane-ice explosions may explain 465 00:28:18,464 --> 00:28:23,634 why some vessels in the triangle can vanish without a trace. 466 00:28:23,636 --> 00:28:25,969 This is the perfect scenario 467 00:28:25,971 --> 00:28:29,973 because we don't ever have signs of any s.O.S. Distress calls, 468 00:28:29,975 --> 00:28:34,578 and this points that it would be literally gone. 469 00:28:34,580 --> 00:28:35,979 Narrator: But methane-hydrate ice 470 00:28:35,981 --> 00:28:40,250 only exists in pockets of the atlantic ocean. 471 00:28:40,252 --> 00:28:44,521 It can't explain every strange disappearance. 472 00:28:44,523 --> 00:28:47,257 Today scientists continue to investigate nature's 473 00:28:47,259 --> 00:28:51,562 most violent and destructive phenomena 474 00:28:51,564 --> 00:28:54,531 and freak atmospheric events that may be responsible 475 00:28:54,533 --> 00:28:57,367 for numerous disappearances in the triangle. 476 00:29:06,612 --> 00:29:09,413 Narrator: The bermuda triangle... 477 00:29:09,415 --> 00:29:12,249 It's said to have claimed over 1,000 victims 478 00:29:12,251 --> 00:29:14,318 since the mid-19th century... 479 00:29:16,756 --> 00:29:19,123 ...But is the triangle still a threat? 480 00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:26,797 September 2015, the s.S. El faro, 481 00:29:26,799 --> 00:29:30,067 a 790-foot cargo ship with 33 crew, 482 00:29:30,069 --> 00:29:34,705 sails from jacksonville, florida, bound for puerto rico. 483 00:29:34,707 --> 00:29:36,573 As the vessel steams south, 484 00:29:36,575 --> 00:29:39,910 hurricane joaquin gathers strength in the atlantic. 485 00:29:42,581 --> 00:29:46,150 The el faro's captain charts a course to avoid the storm... 486 00:29:49,822 --> 00:29:52,890 ...But less than 48 hours into the voyage, 487 00:29:52,892 --> 00:29:54,725 things suddenly go wrong. 488 00:29:57,263 --> 00:30:00,731 The ship takes on water and lists to one side. 489 00:30:05,571 --> 00:30:07,738 In its engine room, 490 00:30:07,740 --> 00:30:11,475 its 30,000-horsepower steam turbines are failing. 491 00:30:11,477 --> 00:30:16,547 ♪ 492 00:30:16,549 --> 00:30:18,782 with no power to its propeller... 493 00:30:20,853 --> 00:30:24,521 ...The el faro is left adrift in the bermuda triangle... 494 00:30:26,792 --> 00:30:29,927 ...As the hurricane becomes even more powerful. 495 00:30:32,331 --> 00:30:36,700 All communications from el faro are lost. 496 00:30:36,702 --> 00:30:40,370 The vessel vanishes from the radar. 497 00:30:40,372 --> 00:30:42,039 What goes wrong? 498 00:30:45,211 --> 00:30:49,513 Oceanographer milan curcic works at miami's hurricane lab. 499 00:30:51,684 --> 00:30:54,918 A category 4 hurricane now rages. 500 00:30:56,922 --> 00:31:02,226 Milan wants to know what creates a killer hurricane. 501 00:31:04,964 --> 00:31:07,898 That's still an unresolved problem. 502 00:31:07,900 --> 00:31:10,400 When you have a hurricane, you have these processes 503 00:31:10,402 --> 00:31:11,969 that are rarely observed. 504 00:31:11,971 --> 00:31:16,073 They're hard to measure, and they're typically out of reach. 505 00:31:16,075 --> 00:31:18,108 Narrator: At this state-of-the-art facility, 506 00:31:18,110 --> 00:31:22,179 milan can create a hurricane in a box with the flip of a switch. 507 00:31:25,918 --> 00:31:28,785 It allows him to investigate hurricanes close up 508 00:31:28,787 --> 00:31:32,656 and study the transfer of energy between winds and waves. 509 00:31:35,027 --> 00:31:39,396 Over water, the hurricane wind whips up a rough sea, 510 00:31:39,398 --> 00:31:42,900 but ironically, it's also the friction from the rough sea 511 00:31:42,902 --> 00:31:46,270 that weakens the hurricane. 512 00:31:46,272 --> 00:31:50,240 The only breaking mechanism is really just mechanical friction, 513 00:31:50,242 --> 00:31:54,978 and that is how rough the ocean becomes as winds pick up. 514 00:31:54,980 --> 00:31:57,014 Narrator: Hurricane experts thought this friction 515 00:31:57,016 --> 00:32:01,852 constantly increases as hurricane winds gain speed. 516 00:32:01,854 --> 00:32:06,456 Basically, what we used to believe is the drag simply, 517 00:32:06,458 --> 00:32:10,794 you know, keeps on increasing with increasing wind speed. 518 00:32:10,796 --> 00:32:13,997 Narrator: With this model, a hurricane eventually weakens 519 00:32:13,999 --> 00:32:18,368 due to the friction its wind generates on the sea surface, 520 00:32:18,370 --> 00:32:21,605 but there's a problem because some hurricanes 521 00:32:21,607 --> 00:32:24,875 actually strengthen despite the increased friction. 522 00:32:24,877 --> 00:32:30,113 ♪ 523 00:32:30,115 --> 00:32:34,084 now milan has solved the puzzle. 524 00:32:34,086 --> 00:32:36,520 Data from his experiments reveal the model 525 00:32:36,522 --> 00:32:40,891 of how hurricanes intensify is completely wrong. 526 00:32:40,893 --> 00:32:45,629 These data from the lab show us that actually the roughness 527 00:32:45,631 --> 00:32:47,831 doesn't keep increasing with wind speed 528 00:32:47,833 --> 00:32:53,270 but tapers off at this critical point. 529 00:32:53,272 --> 00:32:57,574 Narrator: What causes this critical loss of friction? 530 00:32:57,576 --> 00:33:01,044 Could the answer help explain the disappearance of el faro 531 00:33:01,046 --> 00:33:03,213 and other ships in the triangle? 532 00:33:05,517 --> 00:33:08,952 Milan analyzes high-speed footage of his own hurricane 533 00:33:08,954 --> 00:33:12,356 and unearths a clue. 534 00:33:12,358 --> 00:33:15,125 Curcic: Spray in the air and bubbles in the water 535 00:33:15,127 --> 00:33:19,896 makes the transition from water to air smoother. 536 00:33:19,898 --> 00:33:23,133 Narrator: Milan believes small bubbles and tiny droplets of water 537 00:33:23,135 --> 00:33:27,070 can help smooth out the ocean surface. 538 00:33:27,072 --> 00:33:29,639 Kind of like a smooth blanket 539 00:33:29,641 --> 00:33:32,909 of mixed water bubbles and spray, 540 00:33:32,911 --> 00:33:37,881 and that causes a decrease in the roughness. 541 00:33:37,883 --> 00:33:41,618 Narrator: With less friction, a hurricane rapidly gains in power. 542 00:33:45,858 --> 00:33:49,760 As el faro flounders... 543 00:33:49,762 --> 00:33:52,195 The hurricane becomes a killer. 544 00:33:55,034 --> 00:33:58,268 Current research suggests that el faro has likely been 545 00:33:58,270 --> 00:34:03,874 caught in category 3 hurricane winds going up to category 4. 546 00:34:08,347 --> 00:34:11,148 Narrator: 30 days after el faro's disappearance, 547 00:34:11,150 --> 00:34:16,386 a salvage ship discovers the vessel 15,000 feet 548 00:34:16,388 --> 00:34:18,321 down at the bottom of the ocean. 549 00:34:21,493 --> 00:34:26,696 The search team retrieves the el faro's data recorder. 550 00:34:26,698 --> 00:34:30,600 It reveals further vital clues to the ship's tragic end. 551 00:34:35,107 --> 00:34:39,142 It all starts with a hatch the crew forgets to close, 552 00:34:39,144 --> 00:34:41,978 so now water can seep into the cargo hold. 553 00:34:45,651 --> 00:34:49,453 Here, cars break free on wet decks 554 00:34:49,455 --> 00:34:53,523 and smash through a water pipe, flooding the hold. 555 00:34:56,161 --> 00:34:58,662 As the ship leans over, 556 00:34:58,664 --> 00:35:02,899 its water-filled belly pushes the vessel into an extreme list. 557 00:35:07,339 --> 00:35:11,341 And in the machine room, oil drains away from the engine, 558 00:35:11,343 --> 00:35:13,310 which comes to a grinding halt. 559 00:35:16,648 --> 00:35:20,417 With no power, el faro is left adrift 560 00:35:20,419 --> 00:35:22,219 just as the storm it sets course 561 00:35:22,221 --> 00:35:25,489 to avoid intensifies into a killer hurricane... 562 00:35:25,491 --> 00:35:30,827 ♪ 563 00:35:30,829 --> 00:35:34,664 ...But one mystery remains unsolved. 564 00:35:34,666 --> 00:35:39,436 Why does hurricane joaquin suddenly change course? 565 00:35:39,438 --> 00:35:41,705 It makes a beeline for el faro as 566 00:35:41,707 --> 00:35:45,742 if it has a personal vendetta against the ship. 567 00:35:45,744 --> 00:35:50,213 Joaquin provided a number of surprises for the forecasters 568 00:35:50,215 --> 00:35:53,517 both in terms of the track and in terms of the intensity. 569 00:35:55,454 --> 00:35:58,421 Narrator: Hurricane specialist james franklin is a consultant 570 00:35:58,423 --> 00:36:02,959 to the official investigation into the sinking of the el faro. 571 00:36:02,961 --> 00:36:05,896 He wants to understand why joaquin dramatically changes 572 00:36:05,898 --> 00:36:08,865 its forecast path to head straight for the ship. 573 00:36:11,303 --> 00:36:14,905 The initial forecast for joaquin had it moving off to the west 574 00:36:14,907 --> 00:36:16,806 and then to the northwest. 575 00:36:16,808 --> 00:36:19,342 It didn't do that at all, though. 576 00:36:19,344 --> 00:36:22,245 Narrator: James believes joaquin's path is so unusual 577 00:36:22,247 --> 00:36:24,080 because of the multiple weather systems 578 00:36:24,082 --> 00:36:26,616 that surround the hurricane. 579 00:36:26,618 --> 00:36:29,386 Franklin: With joaquin, the winds at the bottom 580 00:36:29,388 --> 00:36:32,222 are blowing very differently than the winds at the top, 581 00:36:32,224 --> 00:36:34,424 and so a forecaster then has to figure out, 582 00:36:34,426 --> 00:36:39,296 well, which of those winds is going to prevail. 583 00:36:39,298 --> 00:36:41,898 Narrator: El faro's captain believes he's charted a course 584 00:36:41,900 --> 00:36:44,601 south of the hurricane. 585 00:36:44,603 --> 00:36:47,771 Instead, he steams straight towards it. 586 00:36:47,773 --> 00:36:50,974 Joaquin was moving further south than forecast, 587 00:36:50,976 --> 00:36:55,245 basically cutting off that particular path. 588 00:36:59,084 --> 00:37:03,787 Narrator: Joaquin overwhelms and sinks the ship. 589 00:37:03,789 --> 00:37:07,691 The captain and his entire crew of 32 men drown. 590 00:37:11,597 --> 00:37:16,600 The bermuda triangle is the hurricane capital of the world. 591 00:37:16,602 --> 00:37:18,468 Rapidly intensifying hurricanes 592 00:37:18,470 --> 00:37:20,870 veering off their predicted path, 593 00:37:20,872 --> 00:37:22,439 could account for the disappearance 594 00:37:22,441 --> 00:37:24,207 of scores of ships. 595 00:37:26,979 --> 00:37:28,578 And now there's evidence 596 00:37:28,580 --> 00:37:31,248 of an even stranger weather phenomenon. 597 00:37:39,758 --> 00:37:43,827 Narrator: The bermuda triangle, an area of the atlantic ocean 598 00:37:43,829 --> 00:37:47,497 where numerous planes and ships mysteriously vanish... 599 00:37:50,202 --> 00:37:53,370 ...Now there's evidence of a rare atmospheric event 600 00:37:53,372 --> 00:37:56,673 which can send planes plummeting to their doom. 601 00:37:56,675 --> 00:37:59,776 Berichi: It is extremely hazardous to aircraft. 602 00:37:59,778 --> 00:38:03,013 It's not an easy thing to get out of. 603 00:38:03,015 --> 00:38:05,882 Narrator: Pilot charlie berichi investigates the strangest 604 00:38:05,884 --> 00:38:08,718 weather phenomenon of them all. 605 00:38:08,720 --> 00:38:10,987 It's so unusual that, until recently, 606 00:38:10,989 --> 00:38:13,523 scientists deny it even exists. 607 00:38:16,128 --> 00:38:19,863 It's called a microburst. 608 00:38:19,865 --> 00:38:22,932 Microbursts form when dry air mixes with rain 609 00:38:22,934 --> 00:38:25,902 from a thundercloud. 610 00:38:25,904 --> 00:38:28,305 This creates a column of cold air, 611 00:38:28,307 --> 00:38:30,340 which sinks and plummets to the ground 612 00:38:30,342 --> 00:38:34,978 at speeds of up to 100 miles per hour, 613 00:38:34,980 --> 00:38:37,414 but can a microburst down an aircraft 614 00:38:37,416 --> 00:38:39,416 in the bermuda triangle? 615 00:38:39,418 --> 00:38:41,151 It's a very moist environment. 616 00:38:41,153 --> 00:38:44,087 It's a very hot environment, a lot of hot air rising, 617 00:38:44,089 --> 00:38:47,757 a lot of thunderstorm activity, so it's possible that aircraft 618 00:38:47,759 --> 00:38:52,262 may have entered a microburst in that region. 619 00:38:52,264 --> 00:38:54,764 Narrator: At southcoast simulation pilot academy, 620 00:38:54,766 --> 00:38:57,467 charlie uses a flight simulator to investigate 621 00:38:57,469 --> 00:39:00,036 if a microburst can crash a plane. 622 00:39:03,809 --> 00:39:08,345 A microburst is programmed into the simulation. 623 00:39:08,347 --> 00:39:11,781 Charlie is flying at 1,500 feet when it hits. 624 00:39:11,783 --> 00:39:13,016 Oh, and there's the wind shear. 625 00:39:13,018 --> 00:39:14,451 Autopilot is coming off. 626 00:39:14,453 --> 00:39:17,687 Positive rate, gear up. 627 00:39:17,689 --> 00:39:22,292 Planes hit by microbursts first fly into a strong headwind, 628 00:39:22,294 --> 00:39:25,528 then a downdraft, followed by a strong tailwind. 629 00:39:27,532 --> 00:39:29,666 Now we're getting a downdraft. 630 00:39:29,668 --> 00:39:32,569 This is not a wussy maneuver. 631 00:39:32,571 --> 00:39:35,972 The plane is robbed of lift. 632 00:39:35,974 --> 00:39:40,110 It can stall and nosedive. 633 00:39:40,112 --> 00:39:42,045 Charlie has to take immediate action 634 00:39:42,047 --> 00:39:44,481 to avert disaster. 635 00:39:44,483 --> 00:39:45,882 Flaps are going to go to 10 speed. 636 00:39:45,884 --> 00:39:47,884 Brakes are stowed, and there we are. 637 00:39:47,886 --> 00:39:49,853 That was our maximum-performance climb, 638 00:39:49,855 --> 00:39:51,721 and now we're out of it. 639 00:39:51,723 --> 00:39:54,224 Charlie's quick thinking and practiced response 640 00:39:54,226 --> 00:39:56,960 means he can outfly the microburst. 641 00:39:59,264 --> 00:40:01,698 But if it hits without warning, 642 00:40:01,700 --> 00:40:04,567 the outcome could be very different. 643 00:40:04,569 --> 00:40:05,735 Berichi: We were expecting it, 644 00:40:05,737 --> 00:40:07,537 so we didn't have that human factor today 645 00:40:07,539 --> 00:40:11,775 where we had 5-to-10-second delay of a panic 646 00:40:11,777 --> 00:40:13,576 or a uncertainty of what to do, 647 00:40:13,578 --> 00:40:19,315 so what we did today might not work out in the real world. 648 00:40:19,317 --> 00:40:22,652 Narrator: According to charlie, microbursts may be responsible 649 00:40:22,654 --> 00:40:25,822 for downing numerous planes in the bermuda triangle. 650 00:40:27,859 --> 00:40:32,495 Berichi: It's an extreme hazard, and it's a killer of aircraft. 651 00:40:32,497 --> 00:40:34,798 Microbursts have occurred in the bermuda triangle, 652 00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:36,933 and aircrafts have disappeared in there, 653 00:40:36,935 --> 00:40:41,438 and that might be the cause for why they were never discovered. 654 00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:44,774 Narrator: It's impossible to know for sure how many planes have been hit 655 00:40:44,776 --> 00:40:47,310 by a microburst in the bermuda triangle. 656 00:40:49,815 --> 00:40:52,982 The evidence lies at the bottom of the atlantic ocean. 657 00:40:52,984 --> 00:41:00,089 ♪ 658 00:41:00,091 --> 00:41:03,159 the bermuda triangle has mystified both experts 659 00:41:03,161 --> 00:41:11,267 and the public for decades, but massive killer rogue waves, 660 00:41:11,269 --> 00:41:14,904 extreme methane-hydrate blowouts, 661 00:41:14,906 --> 00:41:21,678 and violent microbursts have proved to be all too real. 662 00:41:21,680 --> 00:41:25,081 Advances in our understanding of mother nature's extreme 663 00:41:25,083 --> 00:41:28,485 and terrifying forces may one day reveal 664 00:41:28,487 --> 00:41:31,387 all of the bermuda triangle's secrets. 665 00:41:31,389 --> 00:41:39,596 ♪ 666 00:41:39,598 --> 00:41:47,871 ♪ 667 00:41:47,873 --> 00:41:56,112 ♪ 668 00:41:56,114 --> 00:42:04,420 ♪ 61734

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