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♪
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Narrator:
Tombstone, arizona.
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[ gunshot ]
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Site of the legendary
shootout at the o.K. Corral.
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[ gunfire ]
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[ bullets ricocheting ]
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Today, this is a quiet
law-abiding town...
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With few surface signs
of what makes tombstone
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So notorious
in wild west history.
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♪
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What really happens here
140 years ago, and why?
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Everything you've seen
about the city of tombstone
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In the movies and on television
is completely wrong.
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♪
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Narrator: Now new evidence
from secret tunnels
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Can reveal what triggers
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The spectacular rise
and catastrophic fall
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Of the ultimate frontier town.
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We're down 100 feet right now
below the surface.
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Narrator: And modern-day weapons
analysis can expose the truth
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Behind the wild west's
most famous gunfight.
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[ click ]
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[ gunfire ]
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With all those 30 rounds
shot in 28 or so seconds,
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Why only three people killed?
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♪
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Narrator:
To solve tombstone's mysteries,
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We'll deconstruct the streets
of this wild west town
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To uncover hidden fortunes
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And break down
the o.K. Corral gunfight
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Second by second,
shot by shot...
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To unearth the true story
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Of this frontier outpost's
most famous moment.
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♪
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♪
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In the heart of
arizona's high desert
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Sits the ultimate
wild west town --
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Tombstone.
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It's the site of the most famous
gunfight in cowboy history --
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The shootout at the o.K. Corral.
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[ gunfire ]
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But what's the truth
behind the tale?
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Today, investigators
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Are examining new facts
behind the legend
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And how it affects the fortunes
of this frontier town.
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For 140 years,
the legend of tombstone
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Has overshadowed the true facts
and the true story.
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To be quite honest,
that true story
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Is so much more interesting
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Than anything hollywood
has put out to date.
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Narrator: The story of tombstone
begins in 1877,
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As pioneering settlers push
forward the american frontier.
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♪
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In only three years,
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They turn a barren plateau
into a boom town...
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♪
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...That boasts grand theaters,
a bowling alley,
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14 churches
and gambling halls...
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And over 100 saloons.
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A horse stable
called the o.K. Corral
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Becomes the site
of the most famous shootout
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In the wild west.
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[ gunfire ]
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The deadly duel catapults
tombstone to instant fame
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That lasts to this day.
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But nearly a century and a half
since the bloodshed,
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What's the truth
behind the legend?
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♪
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City historian don taylor
wants to find out.
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♪
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But finding tombstone's
original locations
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Requires detective work...
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Because two major fires
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Destroyed most of the town's
earliest buildings.
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The fire in 1881
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Actually started
right across the street here.
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It started when a bartender
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Went to check
a barrel of whiskey
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To see if it had soured.
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He stuck his head in there
with a lit cigar in his mouth,
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And...Boom.
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Narrator: The o.K. Corral
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Is just one of the businesses
that burns,
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So is there any hope of finding
this legendary location today?
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♪
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Luckily, one crucial remnant
of pre-fire tombstone
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Still remains --
the street plan.
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Taylor: What you see today
is exactly the same layout
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That was here when
wyatt earp and doc holliday
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Were here in the 1880s.
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You're walking the same streets
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That all these famous men
walked on.
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Narrator:
Don uses an original map
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To match up 1880s tombstone
with today's buildings,
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Searching for the site
of the o.K. Corral.
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You've got
the oriental saloon here,
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The crystal palace saloon here,
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Different saloons
and restaurants and stores
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Right along here.
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The hardware store here.
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And as we head down
allen street,
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Here is the o.K. Corral
on the map,
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Which is right across the street
from where I'm sitting now.
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♪
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When a visitor
would come to tombstone,
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They would check their horse,
if you will.
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Stables and corrals were
the parking lots of the day.
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They would take their horses
and put them in here.
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Narrator:
According to legend,
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The infamous gunfight
unfolds on allen street,
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Outside the o.K. Corral.
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But no guns are fired here.
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Inside the corral,
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The open space is perfect
for a shootout.
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But no shots
are fired here, either.
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The true location
of the gunfight
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Is behind the corral
in a narrow, vacant lot.
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[ gunfire ]
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Here, lawmen and outlaws
are poised barely 10 feet apart
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For the most famous 30 seconds
in wild west history.
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♪
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But if the gunfight didn't
even take place in the corral,
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What else might be myth?
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♪
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To find out, researchers
need to start at the beginning,
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To unearth what triggers
the town's notorious shootout.
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♪
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Nancy sosa examines
the town's newspapers
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In search of answers.
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Her research overturns
one big hollywood myth --
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That gunfights
are a constant feature
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Of tombstone's early days.
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People think of tombstone,
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And they think that we were
a violent community
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And there was a death every day.
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One of the most famous sayings
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Is tombstone had a man
for breakfast every morning.
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Well, if that was the case,
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Then we wouldn't
have had a population.
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Innocent people were not
being killed every day.
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00:07:05,859 --> 00:07:08,660
Narrator: But nancy's analysis
of newspaper obituaries
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Shows that there is
a marked spike in violent deaths
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In tombstone
in a two-year period,
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Coinciding with when
the o.K. Corral gunfight
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Claims its three victims.
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♪
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Sosa:
There's approximately 27 people
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Who died from gunshot wounds
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Or knife wounds or murder --
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27 to 30 people
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That die by interesting means
in that short period of time.
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♪
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Narrator:
This spike in violence
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Causes panic
among the law-abiding
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Businesspeople of tombstone.
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And they couldn't have chaos.
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They couldn't have
what was going on.
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Narrator: The city records
reveal that around this time,
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Virgil earp, a member
of one of the most famous
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Families in wild west history,
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Is appointed
tombstone's marshal.
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♪
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[ rocks scraping ]
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The five earp brothers are born
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Into a farming family
in the midwest.
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♪
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Like many americans at the time,
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They leave home
and follow their fortunes,
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Chasing money
and the expanding frontier.
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♪
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By 1880, the earp brothers
reach tombstone.
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♪
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They make money running saloons
and dealing cards.
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♪
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But three of the brothers
have higher aspirations --
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To become men of the law.
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♪
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The men who hire the earps
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Are desperate to restore calm
to tombstone's streets.
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The scene is set
for the most famous gunfight
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In wild west history.
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♪
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The earps' backers are the
town's biggest business owners.
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They were the ones
that were responsible
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For tombstone's lifeblood --
silver.
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00:09:16,723 --> 00:09:18,757
Narrator:
What role does silver play
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00:09:18,759 --> 00:09:22,527
In tombstone's
legendary gunfight?
188
00:09:22,529 --> 00:09:26,498
And what could a hidden tunnel
beneath the town's grand hotel
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Reveal about tombstone's
rapid rise from the desert?
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00:09:30,370 --> 00:09:34,339
♪
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♪
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Narrator: Tombstone is
the ultimate wild west town.
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[ gunfire ]
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The legendary location
of a 30-second shootout --
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00:09:59,499 --> 00:10:01,666
The gunfight
at the o.K. Corral...
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00:10:01,668 --> 00:10:04,936
♪
197
00:10:04,938 --> 00:10:08,607
...The most notorious incident
in an outbreak of violent deaths
198
00:10:08,609 --> 00:10:11,643
In and around the town.
199
00:10:11,645 --> 00:10:15,313
But what triggers this carnage?
200
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A big clue lies buried
beneath the town's main street.
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♪
202
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Beneath big nose kate's saloon
203
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Is the basement
of the old grand hotel,
204
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Sitting on the entrance
to a mysterious tunnel
205
00:10:34,735 --> 00:10:36,968
That burrows
deep into the bedrock.
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00:10:36,970 --> 00:10:41,406
♪
207
00:10:41,408 --> 00:10:44,175
It's only one of
the many passageways
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00:10:44,177 --> 00:10:47,746
Crisscrossing 300 miles
under tombstone.
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00:10:47,748 --> 00:10:50,382
♪
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Their purpose?
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00:10:51,885 --> 00:10:55,820
To access tons of precious
silver buried beneath the town.
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00:10:55,822 --> 00:10:59,290
♪
213
00:10:59,292 --> 00:11:03,461
How does tombstone turn
hard rock into hard cash?
214
00:11:03,463 --> 00:11:10,468
♪
215
00:11:10,470 --> 00:11:13,304
Historical mining expert
robert davenport
216
00:11:13,306 --> 00:11:14,939
Investigates the silver rush
217
00:11:14,941 --> 00:11:17,042
That transforms
the barren plateau
218
00:11:17,044 --> 00:11:20,412
Into a boom town.
219
00:11:20,414 --> 00:11:23,248
It all starts with
prospector ed schieffelin
220
00:11:23,250 --> 00:11:26,151
In 1877.
221
00:11:26,153 --> 00:11:30,989
He decides to survey for silver
in dangerous apache territory,
222
00:11:30,991 --> 00:11:33,091
Sparking a warning from locals.
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00:11:33,093 --> 00:11:34,392
♪
224
00:11:34,394 --> 00:11:36,061
Davenport:
They told him, "the only stone
225
00:11:36,063 --> 00:11:38,763
You're ever gonna find out there
is your own tombstone."
226
00:11:38,765 --> 00:11:43,168
Well, that's what he named his
first claim when he found it.
227
00:11:43,170 --> 00:11:44,969
Some of the rocks
he probably found
228
00:11:44,971 --> 00:11:47,539
On the surface
were the chrysocolla.
229
00:11:47,541 --> 00:11:49,441
Chrysocolla
is usually an indicator
230
00:11:49,443 --> 00:11:53,545
Of copper, lead, zinc,
silver, and gold.
231
00:11:53,547 --> 00:11:58,183
So this is probably
what ed was looking for.
232
00:11:58,185 --> 00:12:01,519
Narrator: Once ed confirms
the rocks contain silver,
233
00:12:01,521 --> 00:12:04,989
He digs tombstone's first mine.
234
00:12:04,991 --> 00:12:07,425
Okay. This is the silver
that they were looking for.
235
00:12:07,427 --> 00:12:10,762
What they would do is they
would follow the ore bodies.
236
00:12:10,764 --> 00:12:12,630
Narrator:
Using basic tools,
237
00:12:12,632 --> 00:12:17,535
Miners chase the seams of ore
wherever they lead.
238
00:12:17,537 --> 00:12:20,305
Davenport: Back in the day when
ed schieffelin was down here,
239
00:12:20,307 --> 00:12:22,907
This was before
they had hardhats,
240
00:12:22,909 --> 00:12:25,443
Before they had lamps,
so what they would do
241
00:12:25,445 --> 00:12:27,912
Is they would use
a candlestick holder,
242
00:12:27,914 --> 00:12:31,015
Put it into the wall,
put the candle in,
243
00:12:31,017 --> 00:12:33,852
And these are the tools
of the trade back in the day.
244
00:12:33,854 --> 00:12:36,855
This is a drill steel --
130 years old --
245
00:12:36,857 --> 00:12:38,623
And a 4-pound sledgehammer.
246
00:12:38,625 --> 00:12:41,826
[ tapping ]
247
00:12:41,828 --> 00:12:45,063
So it was a major process
getting this done.
248
00:12:45,065 --> 00:12:47,298
[ rock scraping ]
249
00:12:47,300 --> 00:12:49,000
♪
250
00:12:49,002 --> 00:12:52,170
Narrator: Tombstone's miners
work 10-hour shifts.
251
00:12:52,172 --> 00:12:54,572
They chisel holes
in the tunnel walls
252
00:12:54,574 --> 00:12:56,274
Then fill them with dynamite.
253
00:12:56,276 --> 00:12:58,309
[ crackling ]
254
00:12:58,311 --> 00:12:59,611
After the blasting...
255
00:12:59,613 --> 00:13:02,046
[ explosion ]
256
00:13:02,048 --> 00:13:05,950
...It takes a couple of hours
for the dust to settle
257
00:13:05,952 --> 00:13:08,820
Before the next crew
clear away the ore.
258
00:13:08,822 --> 00:13:10,722
♪
259
00:13:10,724 --> 00:13:12,791
They load the ore into carts
260
00:13:12,793 --> 00:13:15,727
And run it back up to
the surface for processing.
261
00:13:15,729 --> 00:13:18,263
♪
262
00:13:18,265 --> 00:13:20,598
Massive silver mills
then refine the ore
263
00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:23,535
Into giant 180-pound ingots,
264
00:13:23,537 --> 00:13:26,371
Impossible for thieves
to easily snatch.
265
00:13:26,373 --> 00:13:28,673
[ metal clanging ]
266
00:13:28,675 --> 00:13:32,744
♪
267
00:13:32,746 --> 00:13:34,913
Everything in this mine
that you walk through,
268
00:13:34,915 --> 00:13:38,516
You go through, that's void,
was silver.
269
00:13:38,518 --> 00:13:40,919
Narrator: Tombstone's
rich ore-bearing rocks
270
00:13:40,921 --> 00:13:45,757
Produce over 1,000 tons
of pure silver.
271
00:13:45,759 --> 00:13:47,225
Davenport:
Some of it was so dense,
272
00:13:47,227 --> 00:13:51,429
It actually assayed out at over
$8,000 to the ton of silver.
273
00:13:51,431 --> 00:13:54,799
So it made it some of the
richest in the united states.
274
00:13:54,801 --> 00:13:56,768
♪
275
00:13:56,770 --> 00:13:59,037
Narrator: Why does the silver
spark the trouble
276
00:13:59,039 --> 00:14:03,274
That culminates
in the o.K. Corral gunfight?
277
00:14:03,276 --> 00:14:07,312
Metal worker spencer edgerton
is an expert in silver...
278
00:14:07,314 --> 00:14:10,081
And why there is so much demand
for the metal
279
00:14:10,083 --> 00:14:12,884
At this particular time.
280
00:14:12,886 --> 00:14:16,454
It is relatively rare,
and it was valued worldwide,
281
00:14:16,456 --> 00:14:18,790
And, of course,
it can be polished
to a really high luster.
282
00:14:18,792 --> 00:14:22,260
So those made it valuable
in jewelry.
283
00:14:22,262 --> 00:14:24,262
Narrator:
Spencer demonstrates
284
00:14:24,264 --> 00:14:27,398
What makes silver
so sought after.
285
00:14:27,400 --> 00:14:29,567
What we're doing today
is casting silver
286
00:14:29,569 --> 00:14:32,670
Using the sand-casting
method of casting.
287
00:14:32,672 --> 00:14:34,606
Inside of this container
is silver.
288
00:14:34,608 --> 00:14:38,343
We're gonna be heating it up to
probably close to 2,000 degrees
289
00:14:38,345 --> 00:14:40,845
And pouring it into this mold.
290
00:14:40,847 --> 00:14:45,316
Narrator: Like gold, silver
is a relatively inert metal.
291
00:14:45,318 --> 00:14:47,952
You can see it's already
starting to melt.
292
00:14:47,954 --> 00:14:49,921
Narrator:
It doesn't corrode quickly,
293
00:14:49,923 --> 00:14:53,324
Making it perfect
to turn into coins.
294
00:14:53,326 --> 00:14:54,893
♪
295
00:14:54,895 --> 00:14:59,998
At this time, silver forms
the basis of the u.S. Currency,
296
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,534
So demand for these
silver dollars is huge.
297
00:15:03,536 --> 00:15:05,303
♪
298
00:15:05,305 --> 00:15:09,007
In just four years,
tombstone's mines produce silver
299
00:15:09,009 --> 00:15:12,343
Worth the equivalent of nearly
a billion dollars today.
300
00:15:12,345 --> 00:15:14,512
♪
301
00:15:14,514 --> 00:15:16,381
A dusty desert town
302
00:15:16,383 --> 00:15:20,451
Becomes a rich,
sophisticated metropolis.
303
00:15:20,453 --> 00:15:22,854
But the wealth and prosperity
304
00:15:22,856 --> 00:15:26,124
Also attracts troublemaking
outlaws to the frontier town...
305
00:15:26,126 --> 00:15:28,993
[ hissing ]
306
00:15:28,995 --> 00:15:31,396
...Sparking conflict
with mine owners
307
00:15:31,398 --> 00:15:34,666
Determined to protect
their untapped fortunes.
308
00:15:34,668 --> 00:15:36,467
♪
309
00:15:36,469 --> 00:15:38,102
Buried underground
310
00:15:38,104 --> 00:15:41,172
Is the ultimate result
of this conflict --
311
00:15:41,174 --> 00:15:44,676
The victims of the carnage
at the o.K. Corral.
312
00:15:56,456 --> 00:16:00,925
♪
313
00:16:00,927 --> 00:16:02,427
Narrator:
Tombstone, arizona,
314
00:16:02,429 --> 00:16:05,363
Booms on the back
of its silver mines.
315
00:16:05,365 --> 00:16:08,933
♪
316
00:16:08,935 --> 00:16:10,768
But the town's fame today
317
00:16:10,770 --> 00:16:15,340
Comes from the legendary
gunfight at the o.K. Corral.
318
00:16:15,342 --> 00:16:17,608
Can evidence
hidden in this graveyard
319
00:16:17,610 --> 00:16:22,113
Reveal who was actually fighting
and why?
320
00:16:22,115 --> 00:16:25,149
This was tombstone's
first city cemetery,
321
00:16:25,151 --> 00:16:27,919
And it started in 1880.
322
00:16:27,921 --> 00:16:30,989
By 1884, it was full.
323
00:16:30,991 --> 00:16:34,692
Narrator:
This is boothill cemetery,
324
00:16:34,694 --> 00:16:39,964
So-called because many buried
here die with their boots on.
325
00:16:39,966 --> 00:16:43,167
Historian don taylor
investigates what this place
326
00:16:43,169 --> 00:16:46,838
Can reveal about the true
story of the o.K. Corral.
327
00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:49,173
♪
328
00:16:49,175 --> 00:16:52,210
This cemetery fell
into complete disrepair.
329
00:16:52,212 --> 00:16:56,280
In fact, at one point in time,
this was the garbage dump.
330
00:16:56,282 --> 00:17:00,485
We have no records
of who's buried really where.
331
00:17:00,487 --> 00:17:04,122
Narrator: On the surface,
the cemetery holds few clues,
332
00:17:04,124 --> 00:17:07,725
But the story belowground
is very different.
333
00:17:07,727 --> 00:17:10,328
♪
334
00:17:10,330 --> 00:17:13,731
Tombstone's legendary boothill
is the resting place
335
00:17:13,733 --> 00:17:16,868
For more than 250
of the town's dead.
336
00:17:16,870 --> 00:17:18,936
♪
337
00:17:18,938 --> 00:17:21,339
Many are killed in cold blood,
338
00:17:21,341 --> 00:17:23,441
Murdered in acts of revenge,
339
00:17:23,443 --> 00:17:27,545
Or victims of affairs
that turn sour.
340
00:17:27,547 --> 00:17:31,716
Among the dead, three cowboys --
341
00:17:31,718 --> 00:17:34,385
28-year-old tom mclaury...
342
00:17:34,387 --> 00:17:37,321
32-year-old frank mclaury...
343
00:17:37,323 --> 00:17:40,792
And 19-year-old billy clanton --
344
00:17:40,794 --> 00:17:44,028
The three victims of the
gunfight at the o.K. Corral.
345
00:17:44,030 --> 00:17:45,963
♪
346
00:17:45,965 --> 00:17:48,399
But who are they,
and how do they end up
347
00:17:48,401 --> 00:17:51,536
Dying on the streets
of tombstone?
348
00:17:51,538 --> 00:17:57,809
♪
349
00:17:57,811 --> 00:18:01,512
Don taylor searches for answers
in cochise county,
350
00:18:01,514 --> 00:18:04,649
The vast scrubland
that surrounds the city.
351
00:18:04,651 --> 00:18:07,018
♪
352
00:18:07,020 --> 00:18:08,786
In the 1880s, it's the lair
353
00:18:08,788 --> 00:18:13,424
Of a particular breed of men --
the cowboys.
354
00:18:13,426 --> 00:18:16,060
Taylor: Although mining was
the primary economic factor
355
00:18:16,062 --> 00:18:17,962
In cochise county
back in the day,
356
00:18:17,964 --> 00:18:22,266
As you can see, with the wide
open land that we have here,
357
00:18:22,268 --> 00:18:25,470
Ranching also played
a key factor.
358
00:18:25,472 --> 00:18:27,271
Today I'm outside of tombstone
359
00:18:27,273 --> 00:18:30,908
And looking at the different
types of country
360
00:18:30,910 --> 00:18:35,346
Where the cowboy ranches
would have been back then.
361
00:18:35,348 --> 00:18:37,148
Narrator:
The word "cowboy" today
362
00:18:37,150 --> 00:18:42,887
Means almost anyone associated
with cattle in the wild west,
363
00:18:42,889 --> 00:18:44,755
But in this part of arizona,
364
00:18:44,757 --> 00:18:47,725
It refers to members
of a very specific gang
365
00:18:47,727 --> 00:18:52,196
Indelibly associated with
the o.K. Corral gunfight.
366
00:18:52,198 --> 00:18:55,199
The word "cowboy" in
cochise county in the 1880s
367
00:18:55,201 --> 00:18:56,968
Meant an outlaw.
368
00:18:56,970 --> 00:18:58,369
[ cattle lowing ]
369
00:18:58,371 --> 00:19:02,740
Narrator: The cowboys specialize
in one particular crime --
370
00:19:02,742 --> 00:19:04,809
International cattle theft.
371
00:19:04,811 --> 00:19:09,147
♪
372
00:19:09,149 --> 00:19:10,982
They form raiding parties
373
00:19:10,984 --> 00:19:12,984
And sneak across
the mexican border
374
00:19:12,986 --> 00:19:15,553
25 miles south of tombstone.
375
00:19:15,555 --> 00:19:18,156
♪
376
00:19:18,158 --> 00:19:19,957
[ cattle lowing ]
377
00:19:19,959 --> 00:19:22,193
Under cover of darkness,
they drive cattle
378
00:19:22,195 --> 00:19:26,030
Back across the border,
avoiding stiff import taxes.
379
00:19:26,032 --> 00:19:29,033
♪
380
00:19:29,035 --> 00:19:31,669
The cowboys fatten up
their illicit herds
381
00:19:31,671 --> 00:19:34,071
On the grasslands
around tombstone
382
00:19:34,073 --> 00:19:36,307
And sell them
for a hefty profit.
383
00:19:36,309 --> 00:19:38,609
[ cattle lowing ]
384
00:19:38,611 --> 00:19:40,778
♪
385
00:19:40,780 --> 00:19:43,748
Much of the meat
ends up in tombstone.
386
00:19:43,750 --> 00:19:46,083
The butchers and restaurants
don't ask questions
387
00:19:46,085 --> 00:19:48,486
About the source
of their steaks.
388
00:19:48,488 --> 00:19:52,456
♪
389
00:19:52,458 --> 00:19:55,126
And as the town
of tombstone grows,
390
00:19:55,128 --> 00:19:59,830
There's an insatiable demand
for the cowboys' stolen beef.
391
00:19:59,832 --> 00:20:02,033
The demand for beef
in tombstone was growing
392
00:20:02,035 --> 00:20:04,168
As exponentially
as the population.
393
00:20:04,170 --> 00:20:05,937
The butchers
would buy their beef
394
00:20:05,939 --> 00:20:08,706
For less than market value
395
00:20:08,708 --> 00:20:11,742
Because, obviously, the cowboys
had nothing invested in it
396
00:20:11,744 --> 00:20:14,879
Other than a few days
of rustling.
397
00:20:14,881 --> 00:20:18,549
Narrator: But mexican ranchers
start to shoot cowboys on sight.
398
00:20:18,551 --> 00:20:20,218
♪
399
00:20:20,220 --> 00:20:21,986
So the outlaws are forced
400
00:20:21,988 --> 00:20:25,122
To steal cattle
closer to tombstone,
401
00:20:25,124 --> 00:20:27,458
Setting them on a path
that will eventually
402
00:20:27,460 --> 00:20:30,328
Trigger the gunfight
at the o.K. Corral.
403
00:20:30,330 --> 00:20:33,097
♪
404
00:20:33,099 --> 00:20:36,234
But the cowboys face a problem.
405
00:20:36,236 --> 00:20:37,835
A brand marks each cow
406
00:20:37,837 --> 00:20:42,607
That shows which specific ranch
they belong to.
407
00:20:42,609 --> 00:20:46,010
So to steal cattle successfully,
408
00:20:46,012 --> 00:20:49,280
The cowboys have to create
a top-secret tool,
409
00:20:49,282 --> 00:20:53,784
A way to change one brand
into another.
410
00:20:53,786 --> 00:20:55,987
Metal worker pete brown
is going to forge
411
00:20:55,989 --> 00:20:59,890
This illicit instrument
known as a running iron.
412
00:20:59,892 --> 00:21:02,660
Brown: They were very dangerous
tools to carry around
413
00:21:02,662 --> 00:21:04,662
If you were a rustler
because it's obvious
414
00:21:04,664 --> 00:21:06,731
What you were up to --
stealing cattle --
415
00:21:06,733 --> 00:21:09,467
And being caught in possession
of a running iron
416
00:21:09,469 --> 00:21:13,037
Might lead to you
hanging from a tree.
417
00:21:13,039 --> 00:21:15,306
Narrator:
It's a delicate operation.
418
00:21:15,308 --> 00:21:17,775
♪
419
00:21:17,777 --> 00:21:21,445
The tool has to be small enough
to conceal from lawmen...
420
00:21:21,447 --> 00:21:25,116
♪
421
00:21:25,118 --> 00:21:26,583
...Yet versatile enough
422
00:21:26,585 --> 00:21:30,187
To change almost any brand
into another existing brand.
423
00:21:30,189 --> 00:21:33,457
♪
424
00:21:33,459 --> 00:21:35,960
I'm making the business end
of the running iron.
425
00:21:35,962 --> 00:21:38,029
This has to be slightly thinner
426
00:21:38,031 --> 00:21:41,299
So that it matches the existing
brand on the cattle.
427
00:21:41,301 --> 00:21:50,775
♪
428
00:21:50,777 --> 00:21:53,311
[ steam hisses ]
429
00:21:53,313 --> 00:21:57,214
And that's a completed
running iron.
430
00:21:57,216 --> 00:22:00,651
Narrator: Now pete puts his
finished tool to the test.
431
00:22:00,653 --> 00:22:03,321
♪
432
00:22:03,323 --> 00:22:06,991
First he brands a piece of wood
with an original "u" brand.
433
00:22:06,993 --> 00:22:08,993
♪
434
00:22:08,995 --> 00:22:10,828
Next, he uses the running iron
435
00:22:10,830 --> 00:22:14,532
To create a modified
"7-up" brand.
436
00:22:14,534 --> 00:22:18,135
Brown: First thing I'm gonna do
is put the wings on the "u"
437
00:22:18,137 --> 00:22:21,305
To make it into
a flying "u" brand.
438
00:22:21,307 --> 00:22:26,344
♪
439
00:22:26,346 --> 00:22:31,248
Now I'm gonna adapt
the flying "u" into a "7-up."
440
00:22:31,250 --> 00:22:36,053
♪
441
00:22:36,055 --> 00:22:37,955
If I was doing that
on the cattle,
442
00:22:37,957 --> 00:22:41,092
Nobody would ever know
where those cattle came from.
443
00:22:41,094 --> 00:22:46,364
♪
444
00:22:46,366 --> 00:22:49,033
Narrator: Cowboys use
running irons just like this
445
00:22:49,035 --> 00:22:52,403
To disguise stolen cattle
as non-local brands.
446
00:22:52,405 --> 00:22:55,306
♪
447
00:22:55,308 --> 00:22:58,743
But when they come to tombstone
to sell their illicit meat,
448
00:22:58,745 --> 00:23:00,678
They bring trouble...
449
00:23:00,680 --> 00:23:02,747
♪
450
00:23:02,749 --> 00:23:04,615
...Spending ill-gotten gains
451
00:23:04,617 --> 00:23:07,785
In brothels, bars,
and gambling dens...
452
00:23:07,787 --> 00:23:10,154
♪
453
00:23:10,156 --> 00:23:12,156
...Sparking much of
the violent behavior
454
00:23:12,158 --> 00:23:15,259
That threatens the prosperity
of the silver mines.
455
00:23:15,261 --> 00:23:19,663
♪
456
00:23:19,665 --> 00:23:21,465
Don taylor believes tensions
457
00:23:21,467 --> 00:23:24,935
Between rich mine owners
and the out-of-town cowboys
458
00:23:24,937 --> 00:23:28,973
Boil over on October 26, 1881.
459
00:23:28,975 --> 00:23:31,041
♪
460
00:23:31,043 --> 00:23:33,411
A group of cowboys
gather in a vacant lot
461
00:23:33,413 --> 00:23:35,479
Behind the o.K. Corral.
462
00:23:35,481 --> 00:23:40,518
♪
463
00:23:40,520 --> 00:23:44,955
They're openly carrying weapons,
in violation of local law.
464
00:23:44,957 --> 00:23:47,725
♪
465
00:23:47,727 --> 00:23:50,528
In accordance to
city ordinance number 9,
466
00:23:50,530 --> 00:23:54,365
It was illegal to carry guns
in tombstone back then.
467
00:23:54,367 --> 00:23:59,670
Narrator: Marshal virgil earp
confronts the cowboys.
468
00:23:59,672 --> 00:24:02,106
Alongside him
are three deputies --
469
00:24:02,108 --> 00:24:06,710
His brothers
morgan and wyatt earp...
470
00:24:06,712 --> 00:24:09,980
And legendary gunslinger
doc holliday.
471
00:24:09,982 --> 00:24:12,183
People saw
they had guns in their hands,
472
00:24:12,185 --> 00:24:14,785
And they knew something
was about to happen.
473
00:24:14,787 --> 00:24:16,887
Narrator:
What triggers the first shot?
474
00:24:16,889 --> 00:24:19,123
And once the carnage begins...
475
00:24:19,125 --> 00:24:20,758
[ gunfire ]
476
00:24:20,760 --> 00:24:23,861
...How does anyone escape alive?
477
00:24:23,863 --> 00:24:28,332
♪
478
00:24:38,845 --> 00:24:42,513
♪
479
00:24:42,515 --> 00:24:45,716
Narrator: Tombstone's legendary
gunfight at the o.K. Corral
480
00:24:45,718 --> 00:24:49,153
Is the most famous 30 seconds
in wild west history.
481
00:24:49,155 --> 00:24:51,522
♪
482
00:24:51,524 --> 00:24:54,859
But what really happens
during this iconic shootout?
483
00:24:54,861 --> 00:24:57,061
♪
484
00:24:57,063 --> 00:24:58,829
Local historian don taylor
485
00:24:58,831 --> 00:25:03,133
Wants to separate fact
from fiction.
486
00:25:03,135 --> 00:25:06,203
Taylor: In hollywood, it's
always a beautiful sunny day.
487
00:25:06,205 --> 00:25:09,440
That day, it was cloudy, cold,
blowing rain and snow.
488
00:25:09,442 --> 00:25:12,343
♪
489
00:25:12,345 --> 00:25:13,978
Narrator: The lawmen --
490
00:25:13,980 --> 00:25:16,914
Three earp brothers,
plus doc holliday --
491
00:25:16,916 --> 00:25:19,950
Spot six outlaws --
492
00:25:19,952 --> 00:25:22,987
Billy clanton and his brother...
493
00:25:22,989 --> 00:25:24,989
Two mclaury brothers...
494
00:25:24,991 --> 00:25:27,491
And two other members
of the cowboy gang --
495
00:25:27,493 --> 00:25:30,995
In an 18-foot-wide vacant lot.
496
00:25:30,997 --> 00:25:34,665
The lawmen confront
the armed outlaws.
497
00:25:34,667 --> 00:25:37,735
Initially there were 10 men
and 2 horses in this space.
498
00:25:37,737 --> 00:25:42,072
Virgil said, "throw up your
hands, boys. I want your guns."
499
00:25:42,074 --> 00:25:45,009
And then all hell broke loose.
500
00:25:45,011 --> 00:25:46,644
Narrator:
As they square off,
501
00:25:46,646 --> 00:25:51,081
Cowboys outnumber lawmen
six to four...
502
00:25:51,083 --> 00:25:55,753
And virgil earp is armed
only with a walking stick.
503
00:25:55,755 --> 00:25:58,889
Before a shot is fired,
two cowboys flee.
504
00:25:58,891 --> 00:26:00,691
♪
505
00:26:00,693 --> 00:26:03,894
Virgil swaps his walking stick
for a hidden pistol,
506
00:26:03,896 --> 00:26:06,163
Evening the odds.
[ gun cocks ]
507
00:26:06,165 --> 00:26:09,533
As shots start to fly,
a third cowboy escapes.
508
00:26:09,535 --> 00:26:12,069
[ gunfire ]
509
00:26:12,071 --> 00:26:15,039
Cowboy tom mclaury
can't reach his rifle,
510
00:26:15,041 --> 00:26:18,642
Making it four against two.
511
00:26:18,644 --> 00:26:21,645
28 seconds later,
three men are dead.
512
00:26:21,647 --> 00:26:23,881
[ gunfire ]
513
00:26:23,883 --> 00:26:28,986
But how do four people manage
to survive the carnage?
514
00:26:28,988 --> 00:26:32,890
♪
515
00:26:32,892 --> 00:26:36,727
At this shooting range
near phoenix,
516
00:26:36,729 --> 00:26:39,430
Historic weapons expert
win ames
517
00:26:39,432 --> 00:26:41,865
Investigates how
most of the gunfighters
518
00:26:41,867 --> 00:26:44,501
Escape with their lives.
519
00:26:44,503 --> 00:26:46,670
What does come to mind is,
520
00:26:46,672 --> 00:26:51,642
With all those 30 rounds
shot in 28 or so seconds,
521
00:26:51,644 --> 00:26:53,744
Why only three people killed?
522
00:26:53,746 --> 00:26:55,679
[ gunfire ]
523
00:26:55,681 --> 00:26:57,915
♪
524
00:26:57,917 --> 00:27:00,784
Narrator: Win believes
the gunfighters' shooting style
525
00:27:00,786 --> 00:27:03,954
May hold a clue.
526
00:27:03,956 --> 00:27:06,890
With all the lead flying around
and all the activity going on
527
00:27:06,892 --> 00:27:09,927
And the fear of death
at any second,
528
00:27:09,929 --> 00:27:13,998
I don't believe anyone really
took the time to aim and fire.
529
00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:16,767
They were grabbing their
pistols, and they were shooting.
530
00:27:16,769 --> 00:27:18,902
[ gunshot ]
531
00:27:18,904 --> 00:27:20,804
Pull pistol, shoot.
[ gunshot ]
532
00:27:20,806 --> 00:27:22,840
You're pointing it
at the target.
533
00:27:22,842 --> 00:27:25,376
You're not aiming it
at the target.
534
00:27:25,378 --> 00:27:27,578
That's the big difference.
535
00:27:27,580 --> 00:27:29,513
Narrator: The shooters
are going to investigate
536
00:27:29,515 --> 00:27:31,382
The difference in accuracy
537
00:27:31,384 --> 00:27:35,119
Between point firing
and aimed firing.
538
00:27:35,121 --> 00:27:37,521
First, the shooter
fires five shots
539
00:27:37,523 --> 00:27:40,758
Pointing at the target
from waist height.
540
00:27:40,760 --> 00:27:45,229
[ gunshots ]
541
00:27:45,231 --> 00:27:48,799
Ames: He hit once
out of five shots.
542
00:27:48,801 --> 00:27:51,201
Now, if someone
was shooting back at him,
543
00:27:51,203 --> 00:27:53,804
Like they had
at the o.K. Corral,
544
00:27:53,806 --> 00:27:56,774
He wouldn't have hit even once.
545
00:27:56,776 --> 00:27:59,109
Narrator: Next, the shooter
uses the gun's sight
546
00:27:59,111 --> 00:28:01,078
To line up his target.
547
00:28:01,080 --> 00:28:03,414
[ gunshots ]
548
00:28:03,416 --> 00:28:08,218
♪
549
00:28:08,220 --> 00:28:12,456
He hit the target
five out of five shots.
550
00:28:12,458 --> 00:28:14,391
Narrator:
In the rush to return fire,
551
00:28:14,393 --> 00:28:18,062
It's likely no one takes
the time to aim properly.
552
00:28:18,064 --> 00:28:20,864
♪
553
00:28:20,866 --> 00:28:23,033
And win believes basic chemistry
554
00:28:23,035 --> 00:28:27,004
Can shed more light
on why so many shots miss.
555
00:28:27,006 --> 00:28:31,575
Ames: In 1881, the only powder
available was gunpowder,
556
00:28:31,577 --> 00:28:34,912
Or what we call today
black powder.
557
00:28:34,914 --> 00:28:37,081
Narrator: Until the beginning
of the 20th century,
558
00:28:37,083 --> 00:28:40,417
Most pistols use
this chemical mixture.
559
00:28:40,419 --> 00:28:44,154
Ames: This is black powder.
This is an explosive.
560
00:28:44,156 --> 00:28:46,390
What we want to show you
is what happens
561
00:28:46,392 --> 00:28:49,960
By pouring a little gunpowder
on this steel plate
562
00:28:49,962 --> 00:28:51,962
And lighting it.
563
00:28:51,964 --> 00:28:57,067
♪
564
00:28:57,069 --> 00:28:59,069
-Okay, guys. Ready?
-Ready.
565
00:28:59,071 --> 00:29:01,271
One, two, three, go.
566
00:29:02,842 --> 00:29:04,842
[ gunfire, metal pinging ]
567
00:29:04,844 --> 00:29:10,080
♪
568
00:29:10,082 --> 00:29:15,319
♪
569
00:29:15,321 --> 00:29:17,087
That was 30 shots
570
00:29:17,089 --> 00:29:20,657
In I'm gonna guess
less than 28 seconds.
571
00:29:20,659 --> 00:29:22,659
Got a little smoke
on that one, didn't it?
572
00:29:22,661 --> 00:29:24,228
[ gunfire, metal pinging ]
573
00:29:24,230 --> 00:29:27,898
Narrator: The shootout takes
place in a cloud of smoke.
574
00:29:27,900 --> 00:29:32,035
Accurate aiming
is extremely difficult.
575
00:29:32,037 --> 00:29:33,570
It's no longer a surprise
576
00:29:33,572 --> 00:29:37,508
That four out of seven shooters
survived the short-range battle.
577
00:29:37,510 --> 00:29:40,077
[ gun cocks ]
578
00:29:40,079 --> 00:29:43,981
But it's the three cowboys
who die...
579
00:29:43,983 --> 00:29:48,652
And the lawmen who emerge
as gunfighting heroes.
580
00:29:48,654 --> 00:29:51,121
They all survive.
581
00:29:51,123 --> 00:29:54,758
Do the earps deserve
their legendary reputation?
582
00:29:54,760 --> 00:29:56,794
Or do they just get lucky?
583
00:29:56,796 --> 00:29:59,496
♪
584
00:30:11,177 --> 00:30:13,877
♪
585
00:30:13,879 --> 00:30:17,347
Narrator: Tombstone's
gunfight at the o.K. Corral.
586
00:30:17,349 --> 00:30:22,052
Four lawmen, including
wyatt earp and doc holliday,
587
00:30:22,054 --> 00:30:26,456
Shoot it out with six outlaws
from the cowboy gang.
588
00:30:26,458 --> 00:30:30,260
Three die -- all cowboys.
589
00:30:30,262 --> 00:30:32,830
Do the lawmen
deserve their reputation
590
00:30:32,832 --> 00:30:34,965
As legendary gunslingers?
591
00:30:34,967 --> 00:30:37,768
♪
592
00:30:37,770 --> 00:30:40,604
Of the 30 shots fired
in the vacant lot,
593
00:30:40,606 --> 00:30:44,107
Up to 7 hit the cowboys.
594
00:30:44,109 --> 00:30:47,277
Three bullets strike
billy clanton.
595
00:30:47,279 --> 00:30:49,446
They hit his wrist...
596
00:30:49,448 --> 00:30:51,148
His stomach...
597
00:30:51,150 --> 00:30:53,851
And, fatally, his heart.
598
00:30:53,853 --> 00:30:57,621
Frank mclaury reportedly
gets hit in the stomach...
599
00:30:57,623 --> 00:30:59,590
The chest...
600
00:30:59,592 --> 00:31:02,826
And with a lethal shot
to the brain.
601
00:31:02,828 --> 00:31:05,229
Tom mclaury ends up
on the wrong end
602
00:31:05,231 --> 00:31:07,397
Of doc holliday's shotgun.
603
00:31:07,399 --> 00:31:10,667
The buckshot blows
a hand-sized hole in his chest,
604
00:31:10,669 --> 00:31:14,071
Killing him instantly.
605
00:31:14,073 --> 00:31:17,140
All the lawmen survive.
606
00:31:17,142 --> 00:31:20,711
Is this due to luck
or great gunfighting?
607
00:31:20,713 --> 00:31:25,916
♪
608
00:31:25,918 --> 00:31:28,318
At this shooting range
near phoenix,
609
00:31:28,320 --> 00:31:31,521
Win ames investigates
whether the lawmen deserve
610
00:31:31,523 --> 00:31:34,291
Their great reputation.
611
00:31:34,293 --> 00:31:38,095
A key factor in their favor
is their choice of weapon.
612
00:31:38,097 --> 00:31:41,732
♪
613
00:31:41,734 --> 00:31:44,167
Initially concealed
in his long coat,
614
00:31:44,169 --> 00:31:46,970
Doc holliday
is carrying a shotgun.
615
00:31:46,972 --> 00:31:49,973
[ gunshots ]
616
00:31:49,975 --> 00:31:52,576
Let's look at the difference
in patterns.
617
00:31:52,578 --> 00:31:55,545
This is a shotgun blast.
618
00:31:55,547 --> 00:31:58,649
This is also a shotgun blast.
619
00:31:58,651 --> 00:32:00,016
♪
620
00:32:00,018 --> 00:32:03,320
Now, if we move over here
to these other target,
621
00:32:03,322 --> 00:32:06,490
These are revolver blasts.
622
00:32:06,492 --> 00:32:08,825
That's why a lot of lawmen
carried shotguns --
623
00:32:08,827 --> 00:32:10,794
Primarily because
you can barely point it
624
00:32:10,796 --> 00:32:12,362
In the right direction,
625
00:32:12,364 --> 00:32:15,599
And the chances of hitting
your target are excellent.
626
00:32:15,601 --> 00:32:18,001
Narrator: His choice of weapon
means doc holliday
627
00:32:18,003 --> 00:32:21,972
Instantly kills
cowboy tom mclaury.
628
00:32:21,974 --> 00:32:25,042
At the o.K. Corral,
it was very tight quarters,
629
00:32:25,044 --> 00:32:28,712
So a shotgun
was an excellent choice.
630
00:32:28,714 --> 00:32:31,782
Narrator: Three of the lawmen
are also shot,
631
00:32:31,784 --> 00:32:34,251
But could the position
of their wounds be evidence
632
00:32:34,253 --> 00:32:38,021
Of superior gunfighting skill?
633
00:32:38,023 --> 00:32:40,490
Ames: Morgan earp,
for example, took a shot
634
00:32:40,492 --> 00:32:42,926
That went between his
shoulder blade and the skin,
635
00:32:42,928 --> 00:32:46,163
Past across his back,
and out the other side.
636
00:32:46,165 --> 00:32:48,098
Narrator:
Morgan's unusual injury --
637
00:32:48,100 --> 00:32:50,567
A single bullet through
both shoulder blades --
638
00:32:50,569 --> 00:32:54,671
May be the result of
a deliberate shooting posture.
639
00:32:54,673 --> 00:32:59,076
He would have had
his pistol forward...
640
00:32:59,078 --> 00:33:03,413
And he would have had his
right foot forward, as well,
641
00:33:03,415 --> 00:33:05,449
Which turns his body.
642
00:33:05,451 --> 00:33:09,652
Now, at this point, his body
is gonna be at an angle
643
00:33:09,654 --> 00:33:11,655
In such the bullet
would be at a straight angle
644
00:33:11,657 --> 00:33:14,224
To come straight
across his back.
645
00:33:14,226 --> 00:33:17,427
Narrator: A sideways stance
presents a smaller target,
646
00:33:17,429 --> 00:33:19,363
Protecting vital organs.
647
00:33:19,365 --> 00:33:22,799
♪
648
00:33:22,801 --> 00:33:24,901
[ gunshots ]
649
00:33:24,903 --> 00:33:28,138
♪
650
00:33:28,140 --> 00:33:30,874
Thanks to a potentially
superior stance
651
00:33:30,876 --> 00:33:35,045
And their better weapon choice,
the lawmen emerge victorious.
652
00:33:35,047 --> 00:33:38,882
♪
653
00:33:38,884 --> 00:33:41,084
A month-long hearing
before a judge
654
00:33:41,086 --> 00:33:42,986
Clears the earps
of any wrongdoing.
655
00:33:42,988 --> 00:33:44,755
[ gavel bangs ]
656
00:33:44,757 --> 00:33:48,592
But the cowboy gang
want revenge.
657
00:33:48,594 --> 00:33:50,394
In December 1881,
658
00:33:50,396 --> 00:33:53,196
They set up an ambush
to kill virgil earp...
659
00:33:53,198 --> 00:33:54,531
[ gunshots ]
660
00:33:54,533 --> 00:33:56,833
...Who, miraculously,
survives his injuries.
661
00:33:56,835 --> 00:33:58,335
[ indistinct shouting ]
662
00:33:58,337 --> 00:34:00,570
In March 1882,
663
00:34:00,572 --> 00:34:03,673
They shoot morgan earp
in a tombstone saloon.
664
00:34:03,675 --> 00:34:05,175
[ gunshot ]
665
00:34:05,177 --> 00:34:09,813
Despite efforts to save him,
he dies that evening.
666
00:34:09,815 --> 00:34:11,815
Enraged by the shootings,
667
00:34:11,817 --> 00:34:16,486
Wyatt earp kills
four cowboys in vengeance.
668
00:34:16,488 --> 00:34:19,923
He then flees tombstone,
never to return.
669
00:34:19,925 --> 00:34:24,795
♪
670
00:34:24,797 --> 00:34:27,831
But does this end
the violence in tombstone
671
00:34:27,833 --> 00:34:32,602
And swap chaos for the stability
the silver mine owners crave?
672
00:34:32,604 --> 00:34:35,372
Researcher nancy sosa
673
00:34:35,374 --> 00:34:38,608
Investigates what happens
immediately afterwards.
674
00:34:38,610 --> 00:34:40,544
♪
675
00:34:40,546 --> 00:34:43,547
Sosa: After wyatt's vendetta
ride for the assassination
676
00:34:43,549 --> 00:34:45,749
Of his brother morgan,
677
00:34:45,751 --> 00:34:48,885
The town needed
to get back to normal.
678
00:34:48,887 --> 00:34:50,987
They needed to represent
679
00:34:50,989 --> 00:34:53,924
That they were a metropolis
in the desert.
680
00:34:53,926 --> 00:34:57,427
They needed the silver investors
for the silver mines.
681
00:34:57,429 --> 00:35:00,730
Narrator: This is
the cochise county courthouse.
682
00:35:00,732 --> 00:35:05,035
Its construction starts
10 months after the gunfight.
683
00:35:05,037 --> 00:35:07,571
The grand brick structure
is a deliberate copy
684
00:35:07,573 --> 00:35:11,274
Of imposing
east coast buildings.
685
00:35:11,276 --> 00:35:14,010
Sosa: The courthouse is
synonymous with law and order.
686
00:35:14,012 --> 00:35:18,181
It showed how far
tombstone came as a community.
687
00:35:18,183 --> 00:35:21,685
We went from being a village
of shacks and tents
688
00:35:21,687 --> 00:35:25,322
To being adobe structures and
subsequently brick buildings.
689
00:35:25,324 --> 00:35:26,756
♪
690
00:35:26,758 --> 00:35:30,961
Narrator: The courthouse
symbolizes the end of an era.
691
00:35:30,963 --> 00:35:35,332
Justice no longer comes
from the barrel of a gun.
692
00:35:35,334 --> 00:35:38,902
The cowboy gang breaks up.
693
00:35:38,904 --> 00:35:43,740
Tombstone regains
stability and prosperity.
694
00:35:43,742 --> 00:35:45,675
But can the town survive
695
00:35:45,677 --> 00:35:49,579
A greater threat
to its survival...
696
00:35:49,581 --> 00:35:53,383
One that imperils the
money-making mines themselves?
697
00:35:53,385 --> 00:35:57,354
♪
698
00:36:09,067 --> 00:36:12,002
♪
699
00:36:12,004 --> 00:36:15,172
Narrator:
Tombstone, arizona.
700
00:36:15,174 --> 00:36:17,541
The gunfight
behind the o.K. Corral
701
00:36:17,543 --> 00:36:20,210
Triggers the downfall
of the outlaw cowboy gang.
702
00:36:20,212 --> 00:36:24,047
[ gunfire ]
703
00:36:24,049 --> 00:36:27,617
The town's silver industry
thrives in the aftermath.
704
00:36:27,619 --> 00:36:29,586
♪
705
00:36:29,588 --> 00:36:31,888
But tombstone's population today
706
00:36:31,890 --> 00:36:34,224
Is a fraction
of its early years.
707
00:36:34,226 --> 00:36:35,959
Why?
708
00:36:35,961 --> 00:36:38,195
Mining historian
robert davenport
709
00:36:38,197 --> 00:36:41,164
Searches for clues
in the old silver-mining area
710
00:36:41,166 --> 00:36:43,767
South of the town.
711
00:36:43,769 --> 00:36:46,169
What we're doing now
is we're opening up
712
00:36:46,171 --> 00:36:47,904
Several of the other mines.
713
00:36:47,906 --> 00:36:50,207
It's pretty neat being
down here and seeing things
714
00:36:50,209 --> 00:36:52,442
That people haven't seen
for decades
715
00:36:52,444 --> 00:36:56,313
And in places where people
haven't been in decades.
716
00:36:56,315 --> 00:36:59,316
Narrator: In the same year
as the o.K. Corral gunfight,
717
00:36:59,318 --> 00:37:01,651
Miners make
a surprising discovery
718
00:37:01,653 --> 00:37:05,322
In one of the deeper
mine shafts.
719
00:37:05,324 --> 00:37:07,224
Davenport: Matter of fact,
they were clear down
720
00:37:07,226 --> 00:37:09,092
To the 520-foot level.
721
00:37:09,094 --> 00:37:11,861
They actually started
hitting water.
722
00:37:11,863 --> 00:37:13,129
♪
723
00:37:13,131 --> 00:37:16,099
Narrator:
It starts as a trickle of water.
724
00:37:16,101 --> 00:37:19,636
It's fantastic news, at first.
725
00:37:19,638 --> 00:37:23,974
Water softens the rock,
making it easier to mine.
726
00:37:23,976 --> 00:37:27,577
But a trickle
turns into a flood.
727
00:37:27,579 --> 00:37:30,013
Davenport:
Water starts slowly coming up.
728
00:37:30,015 --> 00:37:33,817
Well, then they realize that
they had hit a water table
729
00:37:33,819 --> 00:37:37,454
And they were gonna
have to do something with it.
730
00:37:37,456 --> 00:37:39,122
Narrator:
To keep the money flowing,
731
00:37:39,124 --> 00:37:43,293
Mine owners order
two giant pumps.
732
00:37:43,295 --> 00:37:48,932
Each extracts half a million
gallons of water every day.
733
00:37:48,934 --> 00:37:53,570
The pumps work 24/7,
keeping tombstone's mines dry...
734
00:37:53,572 --> 00:37:55,238
♪
735
00:37:55,240 --> 00:37:58,275
...And allowing miners
to dig deeper and deeper.
736
00:37:58,277 --> 00:38:02,445
♪
737
00:38:02,447 --> 00:38:04,481
The mine owners even find a way
738
00:38:04,483 --> 00:38:08,952
To turn the water
into greater profit.
739
00:38:08,954 --> 00:38:13,189
North of tombstone
lies superstition mountain,
740
00:38:13,191 --> 00:38:15,992
Home to an historic
mega machine.
741
00:38:15,994 --> 00:38:19,195
♪
742
00:38:19,197 --> 00:38:21,164
Grieger:
This is a 20-stamp mill.
743
00:38:21,166 --> 00:38:24,734
The purpose of a stamp mill
is to crush ore
744
00:38:24,736 --> 00:38:26,903
So that we can get at
the precious minerals
745
00:38:26,905 --> 00:38:30,707
Trapped inside that ore,
to refine it further.
746
00:38:30,709 --> 00:38:34,911
Everything on here
is heavy and dangerous.
747
00:38:34,913 --> 00:38:37,080
Narrator: Ken grieger's team
has rebuilt this mill
748
00:38:37,082 --> 00:38:39,115
To a working state.
749
00:38:39,117 --> 00:38:43,086
♪
750
00:38:43,088 --> 00:38:47,290
He knows how vital water is
to this monster machine.
751
00:38:47,292 --> 00:38:49,626
[ machinery clanking ]
752
00:38:49,628 --> 00:38:55,031
♪
753
00:38:55,033 --> 00:38:58,568
As soon as the mill
is up and running,
754
00:38:58,570 --> 00:39:02,706
Water flushes over silver ore
as it's being crushed.
755
00:39:02,708 --> 00:39:09,879
♪
756
00:39:09,881 --> 00:39:12,182
[ shouting] the stamp will
crush it until it's ready,
757
00:39:12,184 --> 00:39:14,718
And then the water will push it
out of the mortar box
758
00:39:14,720 --> 00:39:18,221
Into our collection trough.
759
00:39:18,223 --> 00:39:20,724
Narrator: After the stamps,
chemicals and heat
760
00:39:20,726 --> 00:39:23,727
Separate out
the precious silver.
761
00:39:23,729 --> 00:39:26,262
Grieger: [ normal voice ]
water was very important,
762
00:39:26,264 --> 00:39:28,064
Not only in operating
the machine,
763
00:39:28,066 --> 00:39:29,833
But in operating
the power source,
764
00:39:29,835 --> 00:39:32,435
Which was a wood-fired
steam engine.
765
00:39:32,437 --> 00:39:34,904
They needed water to,
of course, feed the boiler
766
00:39:34,906 --> 00:39:36,940
To keep this machine running.
767
00:39:36,942 --> 00:39:41,378
♪
768
00:39:41,380 --> 00:39:43,146
Narrator:
Processing a ton of ore
769
00:39:43,148 --> 00:39:46,049
Requires over 1,000 gallons
of water.
770
00:39:46,051 --> 00:39:48,451
♪
771
00:39:48,453 --> 00:39:51,054
So, when water
is discovered in tombstone,
772
00:39:51,056 --> 00:39:54,958
Plans are made to build stamp
mills right beside the mines.
773
00:39:54,960 --> 00:39:57,994
♪
774
00:39:57,996 --> 00:40:01,531
But disaster strikes.
775
00:40:01,533 --> 00:40:06,669
In may 1886,
a fire starts above a mineshaft.
776
00:40:06,671 --> 00:40:08,338
It quickly spreads,
777
00:40:08,340 --> 00:40:10,907
Setting alight
a steam engine and hoist
778
00:40:10,909 --> 00:40:13,543
And destroying
the huge water pump.
779
00:40:13,545 --> 00:40:15,278
♪
780
00:40:15,280 --> 00:40:17,580
With the city
illuminated by flame,
781
00:40:17,582 --> 00:40:20,049
The residents of tombstone
can only watch
782
00:40:20,051 --> 00:40:23,953
As fire consumes the most
productive mine in the area.
783
00:40:23,955 --> 00:40:28,992
♪
784
00:40:28,994 --> 00:40:32,629
But then another disaster.
785
00:40:32,631 --> 00:40:34,964
In 1900, the u.S. Government
786
00:40:34,966 --> 00:40:38,168
Stops using silver
as a form of currency.
787
00:40:38,170 --> 00:40:40,970
♪
788
00:40:40,972 --> 00:40:43,540
The metal's value plummets.
789
00:40:43,542 --> 00:40:45,475
♪
790
00:40:45,477 --> 00:40:48,511
Thousands leave the boom town.
791
00:40:48,513 --> 00:40:50,079
They had to shut down the mines,
792
00:40:50,081 --> 00:40:53,450
And that pretty much
shut down tombstone.
793
00:40:53,452 --> 00:40:57,320
Narrator: To this day,
the mines lie dormant,
794
00:40:57,322 --> 00:40:58,955
But current estimates suggest
795
00:40:58,957 --> 00:41:01,157
Two-thirds of tombstone's silver
796
00:41:01,159 --> 00:41:04,027
Still lies untapped
beneath the ground.
797
00:41:04,029 --> 00:41:06,796
♪
798
00:41:06,798 --> 00:41:08,965
Davenport: Tombstone
is still sitting on silver.
799
00:41:08,967 --> 00:41:11,568
Silver was used for a lot
of things back in the day,
800
00:41:11,570 --> 00:41:14,504
But today it's used for
electronics, used for medicine,
801
00:41:14,506 --> 00:41:17,173
Used for many different things.
802
00:41:17,175 --> 00:41:19,476
And what can it be used for
in the future?
803
00:41:19,478 --> 00:41:22,545
We don't know, but tombstone's
sitting on the silver.
804
00:41:22,547 --> 00:41:27,484
♪
805
00:41:27,486 --> 00:41:30,353
Narrator: This sleepy town
lies waiting for a chance
806
00:41:30,355 --> 00:41:34,357
To recapture the wealth and buzz
of its wild west days.
807
00:41:34,359 --> 00:41:36,626
♪
808
00:41:36,628 --> 00:41:41,197
Until then, tombstone,
the town too tough to die,
809
00:41:41,199 --> 00:41:45,134
Holds a powerful place
in america's history --
810
00:41:45,136 --> 00:41:49,405
A boom town built on silver
811
00:41:49,407 --> 00:41:52,775
And home of the shootout
at the o.K. Corral,
812
00:41:52,777 --> 00:41:56,212
The most famous 30 seconds
in the wild west.
813
00:41:56,214 --> 00:41:59,215
-- Captions by vitac --
www.Vitac.Com
814
00:41:59,217 --> 00:42:02,285
Captions paid for by
discovery communications
815
00:42:02,287 --> 00:42:10,393
♪
816
00:42:10,395 --> 00:42:18,568
♪
817
00:42:18,570 --> 00:42:26,709
♪
68857
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