Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:00,618 --> 00:00:02,951
¶¶
2
00:00:02,953 --> 00:00:06,989
Narrator: THE ANCIENT
MEGA TEMPLE OF KARNAK --
3
00:00:06,991 --> 00:00:10,859
THE EARTHLY MANSION
OF THE EGYPTIAN GODS
4
00:00:10,861 --> 00:00:14,596
AND THE EXCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND
OF EGYPT'S RULING ELITE.
5
00:00:14,598 --> 00:00:18,100
THE FEAT OF ENGINEERING HERE
IS JUST ASTRONOMICAL.
6
00:00:18,102 --> 00:00:21,770
YOU CAN SEE
THE SIZE OF IT.
7
00:00:21,772 --> 00:00:23,639
BUT JUST HOW FAR BACK
8
00:00:23,641 --> 00:00:27,042
DOES THE HISTORY
OF THIS PLACE STRETCH?
9
00:00:27,044 --> 00:00:31,480
AND WHAT BIZARRE RITUALS
WENT ON BEHIND ITS CLOSED DOORS?
10
00:00:31,482 --> 00:00:34,349
THEY WOULD SING AND DANCE
FOR THE GODS
11
00:00:34,351 --> 00:00:36,952
BECAUSE THE GODS
WERE EASILY BORED.
12
00:00:36,954 --> 00:00:39,722
Narrator:
TODAY, NEW TECHNOLOGIES
13
00:00:39,724 --> 00:00:42,224
AND FORENSIC DETECTIVE WORK
14
00:00:42,226 --> 00:00:44,793
ARE REVEALING WHAT LIFE WAS LIKE
15
00:00:44,795 --> 00:00:49,498
INSIDE THE ANCIENT WORLD'S
LARGEST RELIGIOUS COMPLEX.
16
00:00:49,500 --> 00:00:52,701
TO UNEARTH KARNAK'S SECRETS,
17
00:00:52,703 --> 00:00:56,672
WE'LL EXPLORE THIS MEGA-TEMPLE
STONE BY STONE.
18
00:00:56,674 --> 00:01:01,510
WE'LL LOOK INSIDE
ITS 30-FOOT-THICK WALLS
19
00:01:01,512 --> 00:01:04,580
AND DECODE
ITS 60-FOOT HIGH COLUMNS
20
00:01:04,582 --> 00:01:07,382
TO LIFT THE VEIL ON LIFE INSIDE
21
00:01:07,384 --> 00:01:11,420
ONE OF THE ANCIENT WORLD'S
MOST SECRETIVE WONDERS.
22
00:01:11,422 --> 00:01:14,423
-- Captions by VITAC --
www.vitac.com
23
00:01:14,425 --> 00:01:17,426
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
24
00:01:17,428 --> 00:01:19,795
¶¶
25
00:01:19,797 --> 00:01:24,767
THE SACRED EGYPTIAN SITE
OF KARNAK --
26
00:01:24,769 --> 00:01:27,136
GENERATION AFTER GENERATION
OF PHARAOHS
27
00:01:27,138 --> 00:01:32,374
BUILT TEMPLES HERE
IN HONOR OF THEIR OWN RULE.
28
00:01:32,376 --> 00:01:35,577
THE RESULT IS A SPRAWLING CITY
OF RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES
29
00:01:35,579 --> 00:01:40,048
FROM DIFFERENT ERAS
PACKED TOGETHER LIKE SARDINES.
30
00:01:42,253 --> 00:01:45,287
KARNAK SITS AT THE HEART
OF THE EGYPTIAN EMPIRE,
31
00:01:45,289 --> 00:01:49,925
300 MILES SOUTH
OF THE GREAT PYRAMIDS.
32
00:01:49,927 --> 00:01:53,796
THIS VAST COLLECTION
OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS
33
00:01:53,798 --> 00:01:57,966
WAS ALSO A SEAT OF POWER
FOR EGYPT'S MIGHTY PHARAOHS,
34
00:01:57,968 --> 00:02:03,238
LIKE TODAY'S VATICAN
AND WHITE HOUSE ROLLED INTO ONE.
35
00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:08,010
WHAT REALLY WENT ON
BEHIND THESE HALLOWED WALLS?
36
00:02:08,012 --> 00:02:11,246
TODAY, AS ENGINEERS REBUILD
THE SHATTERED REMAINS
37
00:02:11,248 --> 00:02:13,482
OF KARNAK PIECE BY PIECE,
38
00:02:13,484 --> 00:02:15,784
THIS EXTRAORDINARY SITE IS
39
00:02:15,786 --> 00:02:18,353
FINALLY REVEALING
ITS HIDDEN SECRETS.
40
00:02:18,355 --> 00:02:20,722
IT'S A MAMMOTH TASK.
41
00:02:28,499 --> 00:02:30,432
¶¶
42
00:02:30,434 --> 00:02:34,002
THE PARTS OF THE COMPLEX
ARCHAEOLOGISTS HAVE RESTORED
43
00:02:34,004 --> 00:02:37,072
REVEALED THE SPECTACLE
THAT GREETED ELITE GUESTS
44
00:02:37,074 --> 00:02:40,742
MORE THAN 3,000 YEARS AGO.
45
00:02:40,744 --> 00:02:43,111
¶¶
46
00:02:43,113 --> 00:02:45,714
THE ELITE ALLOWED
TO ENTER KARNAK WERE GREETED
47
00:02:45,716 --> 00:02:48,217
BY THE MASSIVE HYPOSTYLE HALL.
48
00:02:51,188 --> 00:02:54,723
HERE, FOREIGN DIGNITARIES
WERE RECEIVED,
49
00:02:54,725 --> 00:02:58,660
AND MIGHTY PHARAOHS
RESTED UNDER THE SHADED COLUMNS.
50
00:03:00,931 --> 00:03:02,998
BEHIND IT,
THE FESTIVAL HALL OBELISKS
51
00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:05,467
MARKED AN EXCLUSIVE GATEWAY.
52
00:03:05,469 --> 00:03:07,836
ONLY PRIESTS AND PHARAOHS
COULD PASS THROUGH
53
00:03:07,838 --> 00:03:10,806
TO THE INNER TEMPLES.
54
00:03:10,808 --> 00:03:12,908
AT THE HEART OF THIS
SECRET INNER SANCTUM
55
00:03:12,910 --> 00:03:16,612
LAID THE MOST ANCIENT
KNOWN TEMPLE.
56
00:03:16,614 --> 00:03:21,149
BUT EXPERTS SUSPECT THAT THIS
SITE WAS VENERATED FOR SO LONG,
57
00:03:21,151 --> 00:03:24,887
THAT EVEN OLDER TEMPLES
MAY LIE HIDDEN IN THE RUINS.
58
00:03:31,428 --> 00:03:33,795
ANTOINE GARRIC IS
THE CURRENT LEAD
59
00:03:33,797 --> 00:03:36,732
ON A MASSIVE
RESTORATION PROJECT,
60
00:03:36,734 --> 00:03:40,669
REBUILDING KARNAK
TO ITS FORMER GLORY.
61
00:03:40,671 --> 00:03:44,773
HE KNOWS THAT ANCIENT STRUCTURES
UNSEEN FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS
62
00:03:44,775 --> 00:03:48,377
COULD LIE HIDDEN INSIDE
THIS FIELD OF BLOCKS.
63
00:03:48,379 --> 00:03:53,215
BUT TO RESURRECT THEM, HE FIRST
HAS TO FIND THE RIGHT PIECES.
64
00:04:02,226 --> 00:04:03,926
WHILE HUNTING OUT THE BLOCKS
65
00:04:03,928 --> 00:04:05,961
FOR HIS LATEST
RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT,
66
00:04:05,963 --> 00:04:08,363
ANTOINE HAS LEARNED
SOMETHING ASTONISHING
67
00:04:08,365 --> 00:04:10,966
ABOUT THE EGYPTIAN BUILDERS.
68
00:04:10,968 --> 00:04:13,135
THEY WERE THIEVES.
69
00:04:26,050 --> 00:04:29,785
EXAMINING THE SCENES OF
THESE ARCHITECTURAL CRIMES
70
00:04:29,787 --> 00:04:33,655
REVEALS SOME
INCREDIBLE SURPRISES.
71
00:04:33,657 --> 00:04:36,758
PERHAPS THE GREATEST
WAS DISCOVERED INSIDE THE RUINS
72
00:04:36,760 --> 00:04:41,096
OF ONE OF KARNAK'S
ENORMOUS WALLS.
73
00:04:41,098 --> 00:04:44,766
WITHIN THE FABRIC
OF A HALF-DESTROYED WALL,
74
00:04:44,768 --> 00:04:49,838
ARCHAEOLOGISTS FOUND THE REMAINS
OF HUNDREDS OF STOLEN BLOCKS.
75
00:04:49,840 --> 00:04:52,274
THEY'RE THE PIECES
TO A NEAR-COMPLETE TEMPLE
76
00:04:52,276 --> 00:04:54,476
CALLED THE WHITE CHAPEL,
77
00:04:54,478 --> 00:04:58,880
THE CROWNING GLORY
OF SENUSRET THE FIRST,
78
00:04:58,882 --> 00:05:02,451
A FORMER PHARAOH.
79
00:05:02,453 --> 00:05:04,886
HE COVERED THE CHAPEL
IN INSCRIPTIONS,
80
00:05:04,888 --> 00:05:09,324
DEPICTING HIS JUBILEE FESTIVAL.
81
00:05:09,326 --> 00:05:12,527
IT ONCE HELD THE KING'S
MIGHTY DOUBLE THRONE
82
00:05:12,529 --> 00:05:15,464
AND HONORED THE SUN GOD.
83
00:05:15,466 --> 00:05:18,300
THIS HOLY SHRINE WAS
CALLOUSLY DESTROYED
84
00:05:18,302 --> 00:05:20,902
TO BUILD THE LEGACY
OF A FUTURE PHARAOH.
85
00:05:25,376 --> 00:05:30,379
NINE SIMILAR TOWERING WALLS
WERE BUILT ON THE KARNAK SITE.
86
00:05:30,381 --> 00:05:32,981
THE PHARAOHS THAT BUILT
EACH ONE COVERED THEM
87
00:05:32,983 --> 00:05:34,516
WITH ANCIENT SCRIPTS,
88
00:05:34,518 --> 00:05:40,522
BOASTING OF THEIR DIVINE STATUS
LIKE A GIANT BILLBOARD.
89
00:05:40,524 --> 00:05:46,395
TODAY, ANTOINE AND HIS TEAM ARE
RECONSTRUCTING ONE OF THE WALLS.
90
00:05:46,397 --> 00:05:48,497
THEY BELIEVE IT WAS
CARVED IN HONOR
91
00:05:48,499 --> 00:05:53,535
OF THE BOY-KING TUTANKHAMUN
MORE THAN 3,000 YEARS AGO.
92
00:05:53,537 --> 00:05:56,238
¶¶
93
00:05:56,240 --> 00:05:59,508
BY COMPLETING THIS
30-FOOT-HIGH JIGSAW PUZZLE,
94
00:05:59,510 --> 00:06:01,977
ANTOINE HOPES TO REVEAL
THE FORGOTTEN HISTORY
95
00:06:01,979 --> 00:06:08,216
OF KING TUT'S REIGN SCRUBBED OUT
BY THE RULERS WHO FOLLOWED HIM.
96
00:06:08,218 --> 00:06:11,887
THE COMPLEXITY OF THE TASK
IS ENORMOUS,
97
00:06:11,889 --> 00:06:15,057
BUT ANTOINE HAS
TECHNOLOGY ON HIS SIDE.
98
00:06:37,881 --> 00:06:41,850
ANTOINE USES SPECIAL SOFTWARE
TO SEE WHERE HIS PHOTOS FIT
99
00:06:41,852 --> 00:06:43,819
INTO THE WALL RECONSTRUCTION.
100
00:07:01,438 --> 00:07:04,539
ONCE HE'S SURE WHERE
THE VIRTUAL BLOCK GOES,
101
00:07:04,541 --> 00:07:07,742
ANTOINE CAN HAUL
THE REAL THING INTO PLACE.
102
00:07:17,020 --> 00:07:20,088
ANTOINE IS CONFIDENT
THIS IS THE NEXT PIECE
103
00:07:20,090 --> 00:07:22,457
IN KING TUT'S MONSTER PUZZLE.
104
00:07:39,910 --> 00:07:43,712
TODAY'S RESTORERS ARE LUCKY
TO HAVE MODERN MACHINES TO LIFT
105
00:07:43,714 --> 00:07:46,982
THE TWO-TON BLOCKS INTO PLACE.
106
00:07:46,984 --> 00:07:49,017
THREE AND A HALF
THOUSAND YEARS AGO,
107
00:07:49,019 --> 00:07:54,256
THE EGYPTIANS HAD TO USE
MUCH MORE PRIMITIVE TOOLS.
108
00:07:54,258 --> 00:07:57,225
INSTEAD OF CRANES,
THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS
109
00:07:57,227 --> 00:08:00,562
MADE BRICKS
FROM THE MUD OF THE NILE
110
00:08:00,564 --> 00:08:04,299
AND STACKED THEM
INTO A GENTLE SLOPING RAMP.
111
00:08:04,301 --> 00:08:07,469
THEY ADDED WOODEN TRACKS
112
00:08:07,471 --> 00:08:11,640
AND PULLED THE MASSIVE
STONE BLOCKS UP ON SLEDS.
113
00:08:11,642 --> 00:08:16,978
THEY USED WATER
TO LUBRICATE THE PATH.
114
00:08:16,980 --> 00:08:20,682
THE EGYPTIANS BUILT THE RAMP
HIGHER AND HIGHER TO ADD MORE
115
00:08:20,684 --> 00:08:22,651
AND MORE LAYERS TO THE WALL
116
00:08:22,653 --> 00:08:26,254
UNTIL IT TOWARD OVER 100 FEET.
117
00:08:26,256 --> 00:08:30,659
ONCE THE WALL WAS COMPLETE,
THE RAMP WAS DESTROYED.
118
00:08:30,661 --> 00:08:33,228
A HUGE WOODEN DOOR
AND COLORFUL FLAGS
119
00:08:33,230 --> 00:08:37,532
WERE ADDED AS THE FINAL TOUCHES.
120
00:08:37,534 --> 00:08:40,235
¶¶
121
00:08:40,237 --> 00:08:44,005
BY REBUILDING THE RUINS OF
KARNAK'S FORGOTTEN STRUCTURES,
122
00:08:44,007 --> 00:08:47,075
EXPERTS HAVE UNCOVERED EVIDENCE
OF THE STRANGE RITUALS
123
00:08:47,077 --> 00:08:50,912
AND PRACTICES
OF THE ANCIENT PHARAOHS.
124
00:08:50,914 --> 00:08:53,815
BUT TO TRULY UNDERSTAND
WHAT WENT ON AT KARNAK,
125
00:08:53,817 --> 00:08:58,253
SCIENTISTS HAVE TO LOOK
ELSEWHERE FOR CLUES.
126
00:08:58,255 --> 00:09:01,790
THESE GRISLY HUMAN REMAINS
WERE ONCE IMPORTANT PEOPLE
127
00:09:01,792 --> 00:09:05,026
IN THE WORKING LIFE
OF THE TEMPLE.
128
00:09:05,028 --> 00:09:11,533
CAN NEW TECHNOLOGY REVEAL
WHO THEY WERE AND WHAT THEY DID?
129
00:09:20,657 --> 00:09:24,325
Narrator: KARNAK --
THE LARGEST RELIGIOUS COMPLEX
130
00:09:24,327 --> 00:09:27,128
IN ANCIENT EGYPT
131
00:09:27,130 --> 00:09:30,464
WITH A MOUNTAIN OF RUINS
TO PROVE IT.
132
00:09:30,466 --> 00:09:32,299
¶¶
133
00:09:32,301 --> 00:09:34,702
HISTORIANS BELIEVED
THIS WALLED STRUCTURE
134
00:09:34,704 --> 00:09:36,771
WAS A THRIVING MINIATURE CITY
135
00:09:36,773 --> 00:09:40,975
FILLED WITH HOMES
AND WORKPLACES.
136
00:09:40,977 --> 00:09:43,277
BUT WHO WAS THE ELITE'S
RELIGIOUS SOCIETY
137
00:09:43,279 --> 00:09:47,982
THAT LIVED HERE,
AND WHAT DID THEY DO?
138
00:09:47,984 --> 00:09:50,317
¶¶
139
00:09:50,319 --> 00:09:52,286
TO FIND THIS HIDDEN CITY,
140
00:09:52,288 --> 00:09:55,456
YOU HAVE TO TRAVEL
DEEP INSIDE KARNAK,
141
00:09:55,458 --> 00:09:57,291
FAR BEYOND THE OBELISKS
142
00:09:57,293 --> 00:10:01,429
AND INTO THE SACRED LABYRINTH
OF ANTECHAMBERS RESERVED
143
00:10:01,431 --> 00:10:05,533
FOR THE KING
AND HIS SPIRITUAL ENTOURAGE.
144
00:10:05,535 --> 00:10:09,203
INSIDE THESE SECRET ROOMS,
PRIESTS AND THEIR RELIGIOUS
145
00:10:09,205 --> 00:10:12,707
AIDES WOULD HOST CEREMONIES
AND DAILY RITUALS.
146
00:10:12,709 --> 00:10:14,675
BUT AT THE END
OF THE WORKING DAY,
147
00:10:14,677 --> 00:10:18,779
THEY WOULD ALL RETIRE
TO THE HIDDEN VILLAGE BEYOND,
148
00:10:18,781 --> 00:10:22,283
A WALLED COMPLEX OF HUNDRED
OF MUD HOUSES,
149
00:10:22,285 --> 00:10:25,352
SPACE FOR THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE
TO LIVE AND WORK,
150
00:10:25,354 --> 00:10:29,790
A SECRET SOCIETY TO SUPPORT
THE TEMPLE'S COLOSSAL POWER.
151
00:10:32,962 --> 00:10:34,995
¶¶
152
00:10:34,997 --> 00:10:38,399
CAMPBELL PRICE SUSPECTS THE
EGYPTIANS WHO WORKED AT KARNAK
153
00:10:38,401 --> 00:10:40,468
MAY HAVE BEEN EVERY BIT
AS EXTRAORDINARY
154
00:10:40,470 --> 00:10:43,871
AS THE TEMPLE ITSELF.
155
00:10:43,873 --> 00:10:47,842
AND TODAY, WITH THE HELP OF
HIS COLLEAGUE LIDIJA McKNIGHT,
156
00:10:47,844 --> 00:10:52,079
HE HAS AN OPPORTUNITY TO PUT
HIS SUSPICIONS TO THE TEST.
157
00:10:52,081 --> 00:10:56,183
WE HAVE 20 HUMAN MUMMIES,
SEVERAL OF WHOM COME
158
00:10:56,185 --> 00:10:57,752
FROM THE SITE OF THEBES,
159
00:10:57,754 --> 00:10:59,987
AND IT'S VERY LIKELY
THAT THOSE PEOPLE,
160
00:10:59,989 --> 00:11:04,558
INCLUDING THIS LADY HERE,
WORKED AT THE TEMPLE OF KARNAK.
161
00:11:04,560 --> 00:11:06,660
Narrator: 100 YEARS AGO,
162
00:11:06,662 --> 00:11:09,730
EXPLORERS UNEARTHED
THESE HUMAN REMAINS
163
00:11:09,732 --> 00:11:14,602
VERY CLOSE TO KARNAK IN WHAT WAS
THE ANCIENT CITY OF THEBES.
164
00:11:14,604 --> 00:11:17,271
CAMPBELL BELIEVES
THE RESIN-COATED MUMMY
165
00:11:17,273 --> 00:11:21,909
IS THAT OF A TEMPLE WORKER
CALLED "PARENBAST."
166
00:11:21,911 --> 00:11:25,045
HE HOPES TO UNRAVEL THE SECRETS
OF HER DAILY LIFE
167
00:11:25,047 --> 00:11:27,081
BY STUDYING HER REMAINS
168
00:11:27,083 --> 00:11:31,652
AND ANY ARTIFACTS HIDDEN
INSIDE HER WRAPPINGS.
169
00:11:31,654 --> 00:11:35,456
Price: SO THIS IS THE LID
OF THE COFFIN OF PARENBAST.
170
00:11:35,458 --> 00:11:38,459
SHE WAS DISCOVERED
IN A SEALED TOMB,
171
00:11:38,461 --> 00:11:41,061
AND DOWN HERE,
WE CAN SEE SOME HIEROGLYPHS,
172
00:11:41,063 --> 00:11:44,398
WHICH ARE A PRAYER TO THE GODS
173
00:11:44,400 --> 00:11:48,369
TO ENSURE THAT PARENBAST WOULD
HAVE A SUCCESSFUL AFTERLIFE.
174
00:11:48,371 --> 00:11:50,538
SO, IS THERE ANY EVIDENCE
ON THE COFFIN WHICH TELLS US
175
00:11:50,540 --> 00:11:52,239
WHAT HER ROLE WAS
AT THE TEMPLE?
176
00:11:52,241 --> 00:11:55,009
Price: RIGHT AT THE BOTTOM,
YOU CAN SEE HER TITLE,
177
00:11:55,011 --> 00:11:58,979
AND THAT'S IT --
[SPEAKS FOREIGN LANGUAGE],
178
00:11:58,981 --> 00:12:01,682
WHICH MEANS A SINGER,
TEMPLE SINGER OF AMUN.
179
00:12:01,684 --> 00:12:06,320
AND THIS TELLS US FOR SURE
THAT SHE WORKED IN KARNAK.
180
00:12:06,322 --> 00:12:08,622
Narrator:
CAMPBELL THINKS PARENBAST'S ROLE
181
00:12:08,624 --> 00:12:10,658
AS A TEMPLE SINGER
WOULD'VE BEEN VERY DIFFERENT
182
00:12:10,660 --> 00:12:13,494
TO THAT OF
A CHURCH SINGER TODAY.
183
00:12:13,496 --> 00:12:17,264
WE THINK SHE WAS PART OF
A SMALL NUMBER OF WEALTHY WOMEN
184
00:12:17,266 --> 00:12:20,568
WHO WOULD GO INTO
THE INNER PARTS OF THE TEMPLE
185
00:12:20,570 --> 00:12:22,503
WHERE THE GOD'S STATUE WAS KEPT,
186
00:12:22,505 --> 00:12:26,674
AND THEY WOULD SING AND DANCE,
PERHAPS, FOR THE GODS,
187
00:12:26,676 --> 00:12:30,744
BECAUSE THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN
GODS WERE OFTEN EASILY BORED,
188
00:12:30,746 --> 00:12:34,014
SO THEY NEEDED
TO BE ENTERTAINED.
189
00:12:34,016 --> 00:12:36,417
¶¶
190
00:12:36,419 --> 00:12:38,619
Narrator:
PARENBAST WOULD'VE SUNG SONGS
191
00:12:38,621 --> 00:12:41,155
TO THE STATUE OF AMUN-RA
EVERY DAY
192
00:12:41,157 --> 00:12:43,457
TO KEEP THE SUN GOD HAPPY,
193
00:12:43,459 --> 00:12:45,559
BUT AT KEY TIMES
IN THE CALENDAR,
194
00:12:45,561 --> 00:12:49,396
HER JOB BECAME
EVEN MORE IMPORTANT.
195
00:12:49,398 --> 00:12:52,867
PARENBAST WOULD'VE SPENT
ALL YEAR LOOKING FORWARD
196
00:12:52,869 --> 00:12:55,936
TO THE FESTIVAL OF OPET.
197
00:12:55,938 --> 00:12:58,405
WHEN THE NILE FLOODED,
THE PHARAOH CALLED
198
00:12:58,407 --> 00:13:02,476
THE WHOLE TOWN TO KARNAK
TO WORSHIP THE GODS.
199
00:13:02,478 --> 00:13:04,545
INSIDE THE TEMPLE,
THE PRIESTS DRESSED
200
00:13:04,547 --> 00:13:07,181
THE STATUE OF THE GOD AMUN-RA
201
00:13:07,183 --> 00:13:08,949
WHILE PARENBAST
AND HER COLLEAGUES
202
00:13:08,951 --> 00:13:11,819
SANG HIS PRAISES.
203
00:13:11,821 --> 00:13:14,288
THE STATUE WAS CARRIED
OUT OF THE TEMPLE.
204
00:13:14,290 --> 00:13:16,891
MUSIC FILLED THE AIR,
205
00:13:16,893 --> 00:13:21,595
AND THE CROWD SHOWERED
THE STATUE IN OFFERINGS.
206
00:13:21,597 --> 00:13:25,132
THE PARADE CONTINUED
FOR MANY DAYS.
207
00:13:25,134 --> 00:13:29,103
FINALLY, THE STATUE WAS RETURNED
TO THE TEMPLE WITH THE HOPE
208
00:13:29,105 --> 00:13:33,140
THAT THE FLOODS WOULD COME AGAIN
THE FOLLOWING YEAR.
209
00:13:33,142 --> 00:13:35,309
¶¶
210
00:13:35,311 --> 00:13:38,646
CAMPBELL WANTS TO KNOW HOW OLD
THE MUMMIES WERE WHEN THEY DIED.
211
00:13:38,648 --> 00:13:43,350
THIS COULD REVEAL CLUES
TO THEIR SOCIAL CLASS.
212
00:13:43,352 --> 00:13:46,287
LIDIJA SHOWS HIM C.T. SCANS
OF A SIMILAR MUMMY
213
00:13:46,289 --> 00:13:47,755
SHE'S BEEN WORKING ON.
214
00:13:47,757 --> 00:13:50,658
IT SUGGESTS WOMEN LIKE
PARENBAST WERE ABLE TO REACH
215
00:13:50,660 --> 00:13:52,626
A SURPRISINGLY OLD AGE.
216
00:13:52,628 --> 00:13:57,698
SO, IN HER SPINE HERE, YOU CAN
SEE THESE LITTLE BONY SPURS.
217
00:13:57,700 --> 00:13:59,967
THEY'RE A COMMON INDICATOR
OF OSTEOARTHRITIS
218
00:13:59,969 --> 00:14:02,202
JUST BY SHEER WEAR AND TEAR
ON THE SKELETON
219
00:14:02,204 --> 00:14:04,038
AS PEOPLE GET OLDER,
WHICH INDICATE
220
00:14:04,040 --> 00:14:05,406
THAT SHE WAS PROBABLY
MIDDLE-AGED,
221
00:14:05,408 --> 00:14:07,641
SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 50 AND 60.
222
00:14:07,643 --> 00:14:09,810
Narrator: AN ORDINARY WOMAN
IN ANCIENT EGYPT
223
00:14:09,812 --> 00:14:13,047
WOULD EXPECT TO LIVE TO 30.
224
00:14:13,049 --> 00:14:16,050
FOR THE KARNAK WORKERS
TO LIVE TWICE AS LONG,
225
00:14:16,052 --> 00:14:19,653
THEY MUST'VE LIVED
A LIFE OF PURE OPULENCE,
226
00:14:19,655 --> 00:14:21,689
CUT OFF FROM THE GRIM REALITY
227
00:14:21,691 --> 00:14:25,693
OF LIFE OUTSIDE
THE HIGH TEMPLE WALLS.
228
00:14:25,695 --> 00:14:28,629
CAMPBELL BELIEVES FURTHER CLUES
TO THE SOCIAL STATUS
229
00:14:28,631 --> 00:14:33,233
OF THE TEMPLE SINGERS COULD LIE
HIDDEN INSIDE THEIR WRAPPINGS.
230
00:14:33,235 --> 00:14:38,005
SCANS OF PARENBAST'S REMAINS
SHOW STRANGE SHAPES.
231
00:14:38,007 --> 00:14:40,274
COULD THEY BE VALUABLE AMULETS,
232
00:14:40,276 --> 00:14:43,877
A SURE SIGN OF
A HIGH STATUS BURIAL?
233
00:14:43,879 --> 00:14:48,549
WE CAN SEE THERE ON
THE C.T. SCAN ARE TWO SHAPES.
234
00:14:48,551 --> 00:14:50,884
Narrator: CAMPBELL WANTS TO KNOW
WHAT THE SHAPES ARE,
235
00:14:50,886 --> 00:14:54,722
BUT THE WRAPPINGS ARE
TOO DELICATE TO DISTURB.
236
00:14:54,724 --> 00:14:58,292
INSTEAD, HE ASKS A COLLEAGUE
TO ISOLATE THE STRANGE SHAPES
237
00:14:58,294 --> 00:15:01,462
FROM THE C.T. SCANS.
238
00:15:01,464 --> 00:15:04,198
THEN HE USES SOPHISTICATED
SOFTWARE TO CREATE
239
00:15:04,200 --> 00:15:07,234
A PERFECT FACSIMILE
OF THE OBJECTS IN 3-D.
240
00:15:07,236 --> 00:15:12,639
THIS MODEL REVEALS DETAILS
UNSEEN FOR ALMOST 3,000 YEARS.
241
00:15:12,641 --> 00:15:14,875
Price:
BUT AS YOU CAN SEE,
242
00:15:14,877 --> 00:15:17,978
IT'S GOT A VERY DISTINCTIVE
HIEROGLYPH ON IT.
243
00:15:17,980 --> 00:15:20,547
IT'S THE EYE
OF THE GOD HORUS.
244
00:15:20,549 --> 00:15:22,249
AND WE KNOW
IN EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY,
245
00:15:22,251 --> 00:15:23,784
THE EYE OF HORUS
WAS BELIEVED TO BE
246
00:15:23,786 --> 00:15:26,286
A STRONG SYMBOL
OF PROTECTION.
247
00:15:26,288 --> 00:15:30,157
BY HAVING THIS SYMBOL
ON YOUR MUMMIFIED BODY,
248
00:15:30,159 --> 00:15:32,493
IT PROTECTED
THE DECEASED.
249
00:15:32,495 --> 00:15:33,861
¶¶
250
00:15:33,863 --> 00:15:36,196
THE DISCOVERY
OF THE AMULETS
251
00:15:36,198 --> 00:15:38,632
AND THE FACT
THAT SHE WAS MUMMIFIED SUGGESTS
252
00:15:38,634 --> 00:15:40,934
THAT PARENBAST WAS
A HIGHLY VALUED MEMBER
253
00:15:40,936 --> 00:15:43,637
OF THE ELITE KARNAK SOCIETY.
254
00:15:43,639 --> 00:15:47,474
SHE WOULD'VE LIVED A LIFE
OF LUXURY AND ADULATION,
255
00:15:47,476 --> 00:15:50,711
JUST LIKE ROCK STARS TODAY,
256
00:15:50,713 --> 00:15:54,681
A LIFE UNIMAGINABLE TO THOSE
OUTSIDE THE WALLS OF THE TEMPLE.
257
00:15:54,683 --> 00:15:59,319
¶¶
258
00:15:59,321 --> 00:16:02,956
KARNAK'S ENORMOUS HALLS
AND LABYRINTH OF CHAMBERS
259
00:16:02,958 --> 00:16:04,892
CREATED AN EXCLUSIVE WORKPLACE
260
00:16:04,894 --> 00:16:08,862
UNLIKE ANYTHING THE WORLD
HAD SEEN BEFORE.
261
00:16:08,864 --> 00:16:15,002
BUT HOW AND WHY DID THIS TEMPLE
REACH SUCH AN EPIC SCALE?
262
00:16:15,004 --> 00:16:19,673
COULD EVIDENCE UNEARTHED AT THIS
ANCIENT QUARRY OFFER CLUES?
263
00:16:26,691 --> 00:16:30,860
¶¶
264
00:16:30,862 --> 00:16:33,830
Narrator: THE MIGHTY TEMPLE
COMPLEX AT KARNAK
265
00:16:33,832 --> 00:16:37,634
WASN'T JUST DESIGNED
WITH HUMANS IN MIND.
266
00:16:37,636 --> 00:16:41,704
THE EGYPTIANS HOPED TO CREATE
EARTHLY MANSIONS FOR THE GODS,
267
00:16:41,706 --> 00:16:44,607
PLACES THE IMMORTALS
WOULD BE HAPPY TO RELAX IN
268
00:16:44,609 --> 00:16:47,410
WHEN THEY VISITED THE EARTH.
269
00:16:47,412 --> 00:16:51,481
BUT HOW CAN YOU CREATE A HOUSE
WORTHY OF A PASSING DEITY?
270
00:16:51,483 --> 00:16:55,885
¶¶
271
00:16:55,887 --> 00:16:59,522
KARNAK'S BIGGEST TEMPLE NEEDED
AN EQUALLY LARGE ROOF
272
00:16:59,524 --> 00:17:06,963
TO PROTECT THE GODS
FROM THE BEATING MID-DAY SUN.
273
00:17:06,965 --> 00:17:10,567
ENORMOUS BEAMS WERE NEEDED
TO SPAN THE VAST DISTANCES
274
00:17:10,569 --> 00:17:12,969
BETWEEN THE COLUMNS
275
00:17:12,971 --> 00:17:19,476
AND SUPPORT HUNDREDS
OF SOLID STONE CROSS STRUTS.
276
00:17:19,478 --> 00:17:22,212
IN THE CENTRAL AISLE,
EVEN LARGER BLOCKS
277
00:17:22,214 --> 00:17:25,315
WERE USED TO BRIDGE THE GAP.
278
00:17:25,317 --> 00:17:28,651
THESE BEAMS WERE THE KEY
TO CREATING A MONUMENTAL FEAT
279
00:17:28,653 --> 00:17:30,553
OF ANCIENT ENGINEERING
280
00:17:30,555 --> 00:17:33,456
THAT PLUNGED THE MASSIVE HALL
INTO DARKNESS
281
00:17:33,458 --> 00:17:35,558
FIT FOR A RESTING GOD.
282
00:17:39,731 --> 00:17:44,234
BUT THE ROYAL BUILDERS FACED
AN IMMENSE CHALLENGE.
283
00:17:44,236 --> 00:17:46,603
THE LOCAL LIMESTONE,
284
00:17:46,605 --> 00:17:49,439
SIMILAR TO THE ROCK USED
TO BUILD THE PYRAMIDS,
285
00:17:49,441 --> 00:17:51,774
WOULD SNAP UNDER ITS OWN WEIGHT
286
00:17:51,776 --> 00:17:56,112
WHEN BALANCED
BETWEEN THE COLUMNS.
287
00:17:56,114 --> 00:17:59,449
THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS NEEDED
A MUCH STRONGER MATERIAL
288
00:17:59,451 --> 00:18:02,152
TO BUILD THIS VAST ROOF.
289
00:18:02,154 --> 00:18:06,689
BUT WHERE TO FIND IT?
290
00:18:06,691 --> 00:18:08,825
ARCHAEOLOGIST
MARIA NILSSON BELIEVES
291
00:18:08,827 --> 00:18:13,296
THE ANSWER LIES 100 MILES SOUTH
ALONG THE RIVER NILE
292
00:18:13,298 --> 00:18:15,665
AT A REMOTE QUARRY
CALLED SILSILA,
293
00:18:15,667 --> 00:18:18,468
FAMED FOR ITS SUPER
TOUGH SANDSTONE.
294
00:18:18,470 --> 00:18:21,137
¶¶
295
00:18:21,139 --> 00:18:24,841
SHE'S UNCOVERED ANCIENT GRAFFITI
HERE THAT SEEMS TO REFERENCE
296
00:18:24,843 --> 00:18:27,443
A MASSIVE ANCIENT
QUARRYING OPERATION
297
00:18:27,445 --> 00:18:30,413
AROUND THE TIME
KARNAK WAS BUILT.
298
00:18:30,415 --> 00:18:32,849
WE GOT THESE FIGURES.
THEY ARE THE MASONS.
299
00:18:32,851 --> 00:18:35,518
SO, THEY'RE ACTUALLY
CHISELING OUT THE BLOCK
300
00:18:35,520 --> 00:18:38,021
THAT COMES FROM THE MOUNTAIN.
301
00:18:38,023 --> 00:18:41,291
FURTHER DOWN, THEY'RE
CONTROLLED BY THE OVERSEER
302
00:18:41,293 --> 00:18:42,892
WHO'S STANDING HERE
WITH A WHIP,
303
00:18:42,894 --> 00:18:46,162
MAKING SURE THAT THE WORK IS
BEING DONE PROPERLY.
304
00:18:46,164 --> 00:18:50,700
Narrator:
MARIA SUSPECTS THE DISCOVERY
OF SANDSTONE IN THIS QUARRY
305
00:18:50,702 --> 00:18:54,604
WAS A TURNING POINT
FOR THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS.
306
00:18:54,606 --> 00:18:57,140
FOR THE FIRST TIME,
THEY WERE ABLE TO BUILD
307
00:18:57,142 --> 00:19:01,978
BIGGER, TALLER, WIDER-ROOFED
STRUCTURES WORTHY OF THE GODS
308
00:19:01,980 --> 00:19:05,181
THEY WERE SO EAGER TO PLEASE.
309
00:19:05,183 --> 00:19:07,684
Nilsson: WE BELIEVE THAT,
DURING THE NEW KINGDOM,
310
00:19:07,686 --> 00:19:10,687
SILSILA WAS CONSIDERED
SO IMPORTANT,
311
00:19:10,689 --> 00:19:13,223
AND WE HAVE PHARAOHS WHO COME,
312
00:19:13,225 --> 00:19:17,293
AND THEY WRITE THEIR NAMES,
COMMEMORATING THE EVENTS.
313
00:19:17,295 --> 00:19:22,298
Narrator:
THE PHARAOHS COULDN'T GET ENOUGH
OF THIS NEW, STRONGER MATERIAL.
314
00:19:22,300 --> 00:19:23,666
IT ALLOWED THEM TO BUILD
315
00:19:23,668 --> 00:19:28,605
EVER MORE ELABORATE-ROOFED
STRUCTURES.
316
00:19:28,607 --> 00:19:30,406
Nilsson: THE DEEPER THEY GOT
INTO THE MOUNTAIN,
317
00:19:30,408 --> 00:19:33,176
THE STRONGER THE BLOCKS
WOULD'VE BEEN,
318
00:19:33,178 --> 00:19:37,480
AND THAT'S WHAT
THEY WERE ALL AFTER.
319
00:19:37,482 --> 00:19:39,949
Narrator:
BUT HOW DID THE EGYPTIAN MASONS
320
00:19:39,951 --> 00:19:42,619
GET THESE MASSIVE BLOCKS
OUT OF THE MOUNTAIN
321
00:19:42,621 --> 00:19:46,956
AND 100 MILES BACK TO KARNAK?
322
00:19:46,958 --> 00:19:49,459
MARIA'S RESEARCH PARTNER,
JOHN WARD,
323
00:19:49,461 --> 00:19:52,028
THINKS THE CHANCE
DISCOVERY OF THIS CRACKED,
324
00:19:52,030 --> 00:19:55,832
ABANDONED BEAM
OFFERS VITAL CLUES.
325
00:19:55,834 --> 00:20:00,236
HERE WE ARE IN THE MOTHER
OF ALL QUARRIES AT SILSILA,
326
00:20:00,238 --> 00:20:03,439
AND WE'RE CONFRONTED
BY THIS HUGE LINTEL,
327
00:20:03,441 --> 00:20:05,908
WHICH WOULD'VE BEEN
A ROOF LINTEL
328
00:20:05,910 --> 00:20:07,644
OR SOME KIND OF ARCHITRAVE,
329
00:20:07,646 --> 00:20:08,878
BUT IT'S LOAD-BEARING.
330
00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:10,980
YOU CAN SEE THE SIZE OF IT.
331
00:20:10,982 --> 00:20:15,685
Narrator:
JOHN INVESTIGATES THE ROCK FACE
BEHIND THIS FORGOTTEN GIANT.
332
00:20:15,687 --> 00:20:17,754
HE LOOKS FOR CLUES
TO HOW THE EGYPTIANS
333
00:20:17,756 --> 00:20:20,189
WORKED THEIR PRIZED NEW STONE.
334
00:20:20,191 --> 00:20:24,560
DOWN IN HERE, YOU WOULD'VE HAD
THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN QUARRYMAN
335
00:20:24,562 --> 00:20:28,231
CHIP-CHIP-CHIPPING AWAY
WITH HIS MALLET AND HIS CHISEL.
336
00:20:28,233 --> 00:20:29,799
AND AS WE CAN SEE ON THE WALL,
337
00:20:29,801 --> 00:20:31,934
WE'VE GOT THE CHISEL MARKS
STILL IN SITU,
338
00:20:31,936 --> 00:20:33,169
ONE STROKE GOING DOWN,
339
00:20:33,171 --> 00:20:35,104
STOP, ANOTHER STROKE
GOING DOWN,
340
00:20:35,106 --> 00:20:38,641
STOP AND THEN ANOTHER
STROKE GOING DOWN, STOP.
341
00:20:38,643 --> 00:20:41,978
Narrator: THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS
USED BRONZE TOOLS
342
00:20:41,980 --> 00:20:45,381
TO CARVE OUT
THE SIDES OF EACH BLOCK.
343
00:20:45,383 --> 00:20:49,152
THEN THEY HAMMERED METAL WEDGES
UNDERNEATH THE HUGE LINTELS
344
00:20:49,154 --> 00:20:52,422
TO PRY THE STONES FREE.
345
00:20:52,424 --> 00:20:56,459
JOHN SUSPECTS THE QUARRY WORKERS
THEN MOVED THE BEAMS BY HAND
346
00:20:56,461 --> 00:20:58,895
TO RIVERBOATS BOUND FOR KARNAK.
347
00:20:58,897 --> 00:21:02,098
¶¶
348
00:21:02,100 --> 00:21:06,469
THE FEAT OF ENGINEERING HERE IS
JUST ASTRONOMICAL TO THINK
349
00:21:06,471 --> 00:21:09,105
THAT THIS HUGE LINTEL WAS LIFTED
350
00:21:09,107 --> 00:21:11,774
BY MAN ONTO A SLEDGE,
351
00:21:11,776 --> 00:21:14,277
TAKEN DOWN THE MAN-MADE RAMP
352
00:21:14,279 --> 00:21:17,814
TO THE AWAITING BARGES
ON THE NILE.
353
00:21:17,816 --> 00:21:21,284
Narrator: JOHN AND HIS TEAM
ARE DIGGING FOR EVIDENCE
354
00:21:21,286 --> 00:21:24,620
THAT THE EGYPTIANS CONSTRUCTED
AN EXTENSIVE ROAD NETWORK
355
00:21:24,622 --> 00:21:27,590
TO HELP THE QUARRYMEN
PULL THE HUGE ROOF BEAMS
356
00:21:27,592 --> 00:21:29,692
OUT OF THE QUARRY.
357
00:21:29,694 --> 00:21:32,295
WE'RE ACTUALLY DEFINING
THE ROAD, AS YOU CAN SEE,
358
00:21:32,297 --> 00:21:35,264
COMING ALL THE WAY UP
TO WHERE WE'RE STANDING NOW,
359
00:21:35,266 --> 00:21:36,999
AND THIS ALLOWED
THE QUARRY BLOCKS
360
00:21:37,001 --> 00:21:38,301
TO BE TAKEN DOWN TO THE NILE
361
00:21:38,303 --> 00:21:41,671
AND THE AWAITING RAFTS
TO KARNAK TEMPLE.
362
00:21:41,673 --> 00:21:45,108
Narrator: ONCE THE GIANT BEAMS
ARRIVED AT KARNAK,
363
00:21:45,110 --> 00:21:49,078
THE CONSTRUCTION TEAM
FACED AN EVEN GREATER CHALLENGE.
364
00:21:49,080 --> 00:21:53,249
THEY NEEDED TO RAISE THE BEAMS
70 FEET INTO THE AIR.
365
00:21:53,251 --> 00:21:55,752
¶¶
366
00:21:55,754 --> 00:21:59,889
FIRST, THE EGYPTIANS BUILT
THE COLUMNS LAYER BY LAYER,
367
00:21:59,891 --> 00:22:02,458
PLACING ROUGH BLOCKS
IN A CHECKERBOARD PATTERN
368
00:22:02,460 --> 00:22:03,793
ACROSS THE HALL.
369
00:22:06,264 --> 00:22:10,333
THEN THEY FILLED
THE ENTIRE AREA WITH DIRT
370
00:22:10,335 --> 00:22:12,602
AND THEN DRAGGED
ANOTHER LAYER OF BLOCKS
371
00:22:12,604 --> 00:22:17,540
INTO PLACE FOR 20 LAYERS.
372
00:22:17,542 --> 00:22:19,509
WHEN ALL THE BLOCKS
WERE POSITIONED,
373
00:22:19,511 --> 00:22:22,712
THE MAMMOTH ROOF BEAMS
WERE CAREFULLY PLACED ON TOP
374
00:22:22,714 --> 00:22:28,017
OF THE SOLID MASS OF SOIL
70 FEET HIGH.
375
00:22:28,019 --> 00:22:31,754
FINALLY, THE DIRT WAS REMOVED,
AND THE PILLARS
376
00:22:31,756 --> 00:22:34,791
WERE CARVED SMOOTH
TO CREATE THE LARGEST
377
00:22:34,793 --> 00:22:37,994
COVERED SPACE
IN ANCIENT EGYPT.
378
00:22:37,996 --> 00:22:41,731
¶¶
379
00:22:41,733 --> 00:22:45,768
SANDSTONE BLOCKS ALLOWED
ONE PHARAOH TO CONSTRUCT
380
00:22:45,770 --> 00:22:49,505
A HALL BIG ENOUGH
TO BE WORTHY OF THE GODS,
381
00:22:49,507 --> 00:22:50,973
BUT WHO WAS IT?
382
00:22:50,975 --> 00:22:53,009
WHO TOOK THE ADULATION
FOR BUILDING
383
00:22:53,011 --> 00:22:56,312
THE INCREDIBLE HYPOSTYLE HALL?
384
00:22:56,314 --> 00:23:00,016
SURPRISINGLY, FOR A SITE COVERED
IN THE NAMES OF PHARAOHS,
385
00:23:00,018 --> 00:23:04,854
THE ARCHITECT OF THE HYPOSTYLE
HALL IS HOTLY DEBATED.
386
00:23:04,856 --> 00:23:08,758
IS NEW TECHNOLOGY ABOUT
TO REVEAL AN INCREDIBLE STORY
387
00:23:08,760 --> 00:23:11,127
OF STOLEN IDENTITY?
388
00:23:18,505 --> 00:23:21,873
¶¶
389
00:23:21,875 --> 00:23:23,742
Narrator: KARNAK --
390
00:23:23,744 --> 00:23:25,877
THE RELIGIOUS
AND POLITICAL POWERHOUSE
391
00:23:25,879 --> 00:23:29,614
OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN EMPIRE.
392
00:23:29,616 --> 00:23:32,283
MANY PHARAOHS
BUILT TEMPLES HERE,
393
00:23:32,285 --> 00:23:34,018
MARKING THE STONE
WITH THEIR NAME
394
00:23:34,020 --> 00:23:36,821
TO PROCLAIM THEIR POWER.
395
00:23:36,823 --> 00:23:41,359
BUT NOT ALL THESE BOASTFUL MARKS
ARE QUITE WHAT THEY SEEM.
396
00:23:41,361 --> 00:23:46,364
EGYPTOLOGIST ERIKA FELEG
HAS SPENT 7 YEARS
397
00:23:46,366 --> 00:23:49,467
STUDYING THE ENORMOUS
HYPOSTYLE HALL.
398
00:23:49,469 --> 00:23:51,669
SHE'S LOOKING FOR CLUES
TO THE ARCHITECT
399
00:23:51,671 --> 00:23:54,472
OF THE LARGEST TEMPLE ON SITE.
400
00:23:54,474 --> 00:23:56,141
I LOVE A DETECTIVE STORY.
401
00:23:56,143 --> 00:23:58,977
I LOVE FIGURING OUT
WHAT HAPPENED TO THIS COLUMN
402
00:23:58,979 --> 00:24:03,248
BEFORE IT ENDED UP
LOOKING LIKE IT DOES TODAY.
403
00:24:03,250 --> 00:24:06,050
Narrator: INCREDIBLY,
HER SEEMINGLY SIMPLE TASK
404
00:24:06,052 --> 00:24:08,887
OF IDENTIFYING
WHO BUILT THIS MASSIVE TEMPLE
405
00:24:08,889 --> 00:24:11,055
HAS UNCOVERED
A REMARKABLE STORY
406
00:24:11,057 --> 00:24:14,225
OF HIGH POLITICS
AND ROYAL VANITY.
407
00:24:14,227 --> 00:24:17,595
¶¶
408
00:24:17,597 --> 00:24:21,199
THE HYPOSTYLE HALL IS
A GALLERY OF ANCIENT ARTWORK.
409
00:24:23,470 --> 00:24:29,107
ALL 134 COLUMNS WERE ONCE
ADORNED WITH INSCRIPTIONS
410
00:24:29,109 --> 00:24:31,442
FROM TOP TO BOTTOM.
411
00:24:33,947 --> 00:24:38,850
EVERY INCH OF STONE
TOLD A STORY IN VIVID COLOR.
412
00:24:38,852 --> 00:24:43,555
THE MARKINGS BOAST OF
THE GOD-LIKE STATUS OF ONE MAN,
413
00:24:43,557 --> 00:24:49,093
A PHARAOH WHOSE SYMBOL ADORNS
THE COLUMNS AT EVERY ANGLE.
414
00:24:49,095 --> 00:24:52,397
PLASTERED ALL ALONG
THE MAIN AVENUE
415
00:24:52,399 --> 00:24:55,400
IS THE MARK
OF RAMSES THE SECOND.
416
00:25:00,607 --> 00:25:04,809
RAMSES THE SECOND IS
NICKNAMED "THE BUILDER."
417
00:25:04,811 --> 00:25:08,813
THIS POWERFUL PHARAOH REPORTEDLY
CONSTRUCTED MORE MAJOR BUILDINGS
418
00:25:08,815 --> 00:25:13,585
AND STATUES IN EGYPT
THAN ANY OTHER KING.
419
00:25:13,587 --> 00:25:17,055
BUT ALTHOUGH HIS MARK COVERS
THE HYPOSTYLE HALL,
420
00:25:17,057 --> 00:25:20,024
ERIKA SUSPECTS THAT RAMSES
COULD BE TAKING CREDIT
421
00:25:20,026 --> 00:25:22,694
FOR THE WORK
OF ONE OF HIS PREDECESSORS.
422
00:25:22,696 --> 00:25:27,298
TODAY, SHE USES NEW TECHNOLOGY
TO RECORD THE CARVINGS
423
00:25:27,300 --> 00:25:30,501
AND SEARCH FOR CLUES.
424
00:25:30,503 --> 00:25:33,671
THIS IS A TASK THAT PREVIOUS
GENERATIONS OF ARCHAEOLOGISTS
425
00:25:33,673 --> 00:25:36,174
WERE UNABLE TO PULL OFF.
426
00:25:36,176 --> 00:25:38,843
Feleg: THE COLUMNS HAVE NEVER
BEEN RECORDED IN DETAIL,
427
00:25:38,845 --> 00:25:42,113
AND THAT'S MOSTLY BECAUSE
OF THEIR ENORMOUS SIZE.
428
00:25:42,115 --> 00:25:44,215
TRADITIONAL
METHODS WOULD INVOLVE
429
00:25:44,217 --> 00:25:47,085
USING TRANSPARENT PLASTIC SHEETS
430
00:25:47,087 --> 00:25:51,222
TO TRACE OVER THE FIGURES.
431
00:25:51,224 --> 00:25:54,792
BECAUSE OF THE HEAT,
THE LIGHT, AND THE GRAVITY,
432
00:25:54,794 --> 00:25:57,195
ALL THAT PLASTIC SHEETING
WOULD HAVE SAGGED,
433
00:25:57,197 --> 00:26:00,598
SO WE WOULD'VE
HAD DISTORTIONS.
434
00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:02,901
Narrator:
INSTEAD OF TRACING THE IMAGES,
435
00:26:02,903 --> 00:26:06,537
ERIKA USES PHOTOGRAPHY
AND SPECIAL SOFTWARE
436
00:26:06,539 --> 00:26:12,043
TO REVEAL THE SMALLEST DETAILS
HIDDEN INSIDE THE CARVINGS.
437
00:26:12,045 --> 00:26:15,980
SHE DIRECTS PHOTOGRAPHER
OWEN MURRAY TO TAKE THE IMAGES.
438
00:26:15,982 --> 00:26:18,383
Murray: I AM PHOTOGRAPHING
THESE COLUMNS,
439
00:26:18,385 --> 00:26:20,418
TRYING TO GET AS HIGH-DEFINITION
440
00:26:20,420 --> 00:26:23,955
AND HIGH-FIDELITY
AN IMAGE AS POSSIBLE.
441
00:26:23,957 --> 00:26:27,191
THE MAJOR CHALLENGES THAT
WE'RE FACING WITH THESE COLUMNS
442
00:26:27,193 --> 00:26:30,728
ARE HEIGHT
AND CONSISTENCY OF LIGHT.
443
00:26:30,730 --> 00:26:34,432
Narrator: THE MARKS ERIKA HOPES
TO SEE ARE SO FAINT,
444
00:26:34,434 --> 00:26:36,100
THEY CAN ONLY BE PHOTOGRAPHED
445
00:26:36,102 --> 00:26:39,570
IN VERY PRECISE
SHADED LIGHTING.
446
00:26:39,572 --> 00:26:44,242
THIS GIVES OWEN ONLY A SMALL
WINDOW TO WORK EACH DAY.
447
00:26:44,244 --> 00:26:46,878
WE'RE DEALING WITH THE POSITION
OF THE SUN
448
00:26:46,880 --> 00:26:49,047
AS IT MOVES
THROUGHOUT THE DAY
449
00:26:49,049 --> 00:26:52,250
AND TRYING TO KEEP CONSISTENT
WITH THE QUALITY OF PHOTOGRAPH,
450
00:26:52,252 --> 00:26:54,452
AND THAT HAS BEEN ONE
OF THE BIGGER CHALLENGES.
451
00:26:54,454 --> 00:26:55,787
UP UNTIL THIS POINT,
452
00:26:55,789 --> 00:26:57,889
WE'VE HAVEN'T REALLY
BEEN ABLE TO DO THAT.
453
00:26:57,891 --> 00:27:01,092
Narrator: OWEN TAKES HUNDREDS
OF PHOTOS OF THE SHADED COLUMN
454
00:27:01,094 --> 00:27:04,095
WITH AN OVERHEAD LIGHT.
455
00:27:04,097 --> 00:27:07,098
THIS TECHNIQUE HELPS HIM
TO CAPTURE EVERY DETAIL
456
00:27:07,100 --> 00:27:09,834
OF THE CARVED STONE SURFACE.
457
00:27:09,836 --> 00:27:12,637
ERIKA THEN USES
ADVANCED 3-D MODELING
458
00:27:12,639 --> 00:27:15,206
TO STITCH OWEN'S PHOTOGRAPHS
TOGETHER.
459
00:27:15,208 --> 00:27:20,044
SHE THEN UNROLLS THE CURVES
INTO A SINGLE FLAT IMAGE.
460
00:27:20,046 --> 00:27:23,514
NOW SHE CAN CAREFULLY
ANALYZE THE STONE SURFACE,
461
00:27:23,516 --> 00:27:26,918
HUNTING FOR THE REMAINS
OF OLD INSCRIPTIONS SCRUBBED OUT
462
00:27:26,920 --> 00:27:31,689
AND RECARVED WITH
THE NAME OF RAMSES.
463
00:27:31,691 --> 00:27:34,592
THERE ARE TIMES WHEN
WE'LL TAKE A PHOTO,
464
00:27:34,594 --> 00:27:37,328
AND IT'S ONLY AFTER TWO WEEKS
ONCE WE'VE PROCESSED IT
465
00:27:37,330 --> 00:27:39,897
OR PLAY WITH THEIR LIGHTING
THAT WE REALIZE,
466
00:27:39,899 --> 00:27:41,799
"OH, WE ACTUALLY
CAPTURED SOMETHING
467
00:27:41,801 --> 00:27:44,969
THAT LOOKS LIKE
A RECARVED INSCRIPTION."
468
00:27:44,971 --> 00:27:47,538
IF YOU LOOK CLOSELY,
YOU CAN SEE TRACES
469
00:27:47,540 --> 00:27:49,440
OF WHAT USED TO BE THE OUTLINES
470
00:27:49,442 --> 00:27:50,742
OF SOME OF THE HIEROGLYPHS
471
00:27:50,744 --> 00:27:53,878
THAT WERE PART OF THAT
INITIAL DECORATION.
472
00:27:53,880 --> 00:27:56,848
Narrator: ERIKA BELIEVES
THESE FAINT SCRATCHES,
473
00:27:56,850 --> 00:27:59,017
HIDDEN BENEATH
THE MAIN INSCRIPTION,
474
00:27:59,019 --> 00:28:03,354
ARE THE SCRUBBED-OUT REMAINS
OF ANOTHER PHARAOH'S MARK.
475
00:28:03,356 --> 00:28:06,557
ONCE ERIKA IDENTIFIES
THE OVERWRITTEN TEXT,
476
00:28:06,559 --> 00:28:09,527
SHE CHECKS IT OUT IN REAL LIFE.
477
00:28:09,529 --> 00:28:12,063
SHE USES MIRRORS
TO MANIPULATE THE DAYLIGHT
478
00:28:12,065 --> 00:28:14,866
TO HELP THE FAINT
CARVED LINES STAND OUT.
479
00:28:14,868 --> 00:28:17,602
Feleg: SO, THE TWO LARGE OVALS
YOU CAN SEE
480
00:28:17,604 --> 00:28:20,538
CONTAIN THE NAMES
OF RAMSES THE SECOND,
481
00:28:20,540 --> 00:28:22,473
AND BEHIND THEM,
YOU CAN STILL SEE
482
00:28:22,475 --> 00:28:26,477
THE OUTLINE TRACES
OF SETI THE FIRST.
483
00:28:26,479 --> 00:28:29,714
Narrator:
AT KEY POINTS IN THE HALL,
ESPECIALLY ALONG THE GRANDEST
484
00:28:29,716 --> 00:28:32,216
AND MOST VISIBLE
CENTRAL WALKWAY,
485
00:28:32,218 --> 00:28:36,387
RAMSES' NAME OVERRIDES
THAT OF HIS OWN FATHER,
486
00:28:36,389 --> 00:28:38,456
PHARAOH SETI THE FIRST.
487
00:28:41,127 --> 00:28:46,597
AND YOU CAN STILL THE FAINT
TRACES TOWARDS THE LEFT SIDE
488
00:28:46,599 --> 00:28:49,333
OF THE RAMSES THE SECOND.
489
00:28:49,335 --> 00:28:53,771
Narrator:
RAMSES WAS DESPERATE TO REPLACE
HIS FATHER'S NAME WITH HIS OWN,
490
00:28:53,773 --> 00:28:56,774
BUT THE OLD PHARAOH
HAD MADE HIS SON'S DECEPTION
491
00:28:56,776 --> 00:28:59,077
ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO PULL OFF.
492
00:28:59,079 --> 00:29:02,780
¶¶
493
00:29:02,782 --> 00:29:06,551
RAMSES' FATHER WAS
AN ART CONNOISSEUR.
494
00:29:06,553 --> 00:29:09,654
HIS CARVINGS WERE ELABORATE
WITH DEEP OUTLINES
495
00:29:09,656 --> 00:29:11,589
AND RAISED FIGURES.
496
00:29:11,591 --> 00:29:14,792
SO, WHEN SETI DIED
AND RAMSES TOOK THE THRONE,
497
00:29:14,794 --> 00:29:17,695
THE NEW PHARAOH
FACED AN UPHILL TASK
498
00:29:17,697 --> 00:29:20,898
TO ERASE THE MEMORY
OF HIS PREDECESSOR.
499
00:29:20,900 --> 00:29:24,435
RAMSES ERECTED SCAFFOLDING
AROUND THE PILLARS.
500
00:29:24,437 --> 00:29:27,004
HE CHOPPED
THE RAISED IMAGES OFF,
501
00:29:27,006 --> 00:29:30,575
BUT HE STILL COULDN'T GET RID
OF THE DEEP OUTLINES.
502
00:29:30,577 --> 00:29:32,643
IN HIS HASTE,
HE SCRAPED HIS NAME
503
00:29:32,645 --> 00:29:36,214
ON TOP IN SIMPLE
SUNK-RELIEF CARVINGS.
504
00:29:36,216 --> 00:29:39,684
FINALLY, HE USED A THIN LAYER
OF PLASTER TO CONCEAL
505
00:29:39,686 --> 00:29:41,319
THE FAINT TRACES
OF HIS FATHER,
506
00:29:41,321 --> 00:29:45,356
WHICH THE WEATHERING OF TIME
HAS ONLY NOW REVEALED.
507
00:29:45,358 --> 00:29:47,358
¶¶
508
00:29:47,360 --> 00:29:49,427
RAMSES PROCLAIMED HIS POWER
509
00:29:49,429 --> 00:29:52,897
BY CLAIMING THE HYPOSTYLE
HALL FOR HIS OWN.
510
00:29:52,899 --> 00:29:55,032
BUT SURPRISINGLY,
THIS TOWERING STRUCTURE
511
00:29:55,034 --> 00:29:58,035
ISN'T THE TALLEST MONUMENT
ON SITE.
512
00:29:58,037 --> 00:30:01,172
THAT PRIZE GOES
TO THE NEARBY OBELISKS.
513
00:30:01,174 --> 00:30:05,143
HOW WERE THESE COLOSSAL
SINGLE CARVINGS MADE?
514
00:30:05,145 --> 00:30:07,845
AND HOW DID THE EGYPTIANS
GET THEM HERE?
515
00:30:17,998 --> 00:30:22,468
¶¶
516
00:30:22,470 --> 00:30:24,603
Narrator:
KARNAK'S GIANT OBELISKS
517
00:30:24,605 --> 00:30:29,074
ARE ONE OF THE GREATEST MARVELS
OF THE ANCIENT WORLD.
518
00:30:29,076 --> 00:30:31,577
THESE MASSIVE,
SINGLE PIECES OF ROCK
519
00:30:31,579 --> 00:30:35,114
HAVE PUZZLED ARCHAEOLOGISTS
FOR YEARS.
520
00:30:35,116 --> 00:30:36,615
THAT'S BECAUSE THEY'RE CARVED
521
00:30:36,617 --> 00:30:40,586
FROM ONE OF THE HARDEST ROCKS
ON EARTH, GRANITE.
522
00:30:50,998 --> 00:30:54,600
HOW DID THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS
WORK THIS TOUGHEST OF MATERIALS
523
00:30:54,602 --> 00:30:56,768
WITH ONLY PRIMITIVE TOOLS?
524
00:30:56,770 --> 00:30:59,738
¶¶
525
00:30:59,740 --> 00:31:04,009
ALTHOUGH ONLY TWO STILL
STAND TODAY, AT ITS PRIME,
526
00:31:04,011 --> 00:31:08,747
KARNAK BOASTED
13 COLOSSAL OBELISKS.
527
00:31:08,749 --> 00:31:13,652
SIX DOMINATED THE CENTER OF
THE TEMPLE AT THE FESTIVAL HALL.
528
00:31:13,654 --> 00:31:17,422
THE TALLEST TOWERED
100 FEET HIGH,
529
00:31:17,424 --> 00:31:20,359
AND ALL WERE MADE
FROM SUPER-TOUGH GRANITE
530
00:31:20,361 --> 00:31:23,629
TO STOP THEM FROM SNAPPING.
531
00:31:23,631 --> 00:31:26,532
THE TIPS WERE PAINTED
WITH GLIMMERING GOLD
532
00:31:26,534 --> 00:31:28,901
TO REFLECT THE SUN'S RAYS.
533
00:31:30,938 --> 00:31:33,172
ENGRAVINGS BOAST
THEY WERE CARVED
534
00:31:33,174 --> 00:31:37,509
IN JUST SEVEN MONTHS, BUT HOW?
535
00:31:37,511 --> 00:31:42,381
¶¶
536
00:31:42,383 --> 00:31:44,650
ADEL KELANY HAS SPENT HIS CAREER
537
00:31:44,652 --> 00:31:48,153
UNEARTHING THE SECRETS
OF EGYPTIAN STONE MASONS.
538
00:31:50,457 --> 00:31:52,457
HE'S CONVINCED THAT
THE METAL CHISELS
539
00:31:52,459 --> 00:31:54,927
USED TO BUILD LIMESTONE PYRAMIDS
540
00:31:54,929 --> 00:31:57,963
AND SANDSTONE TEMPLES
WOULD'VE HAD LITTLE EFFECT
541
00:31:57,965 --> 00:32:00,899
ON THE TOUGH GRANITE USED
TO BUILD THE OBELISKS.
542
00:32:03,003 --> 00:32:06,638
TODAY, HE EXAMINES
A HALF-EXTRACTED OBELISK,
543
00:32:06,640 --> 00:32:08,740
MOST LIKELY ABANDONED
BY THE EGYPTIANS
544
00:32:08,742 --> 00:32:10,909
WHEN THE MASSIVE BLOCK SPLIT.
545
00:32:22,957 --> 00:32:25,557
Narrator: ADEL FIRST EXAMINES
THE SURFACE OF THE STONE
546
00:32:25,559 --> 00:32:27,492
FOR TELL-TALE MARKS,
547
00:32:27,494 --> 00:32:32,264
BUT THE DENTS HE FINDS
ARE HARD TO INTERPRET.
548
00:32:32,266 --> 00:32:35,100
NEXT, HE LOOKS IN THE DIRT
UNDER THE STONE
549
00:32:35,102 --> 00:32:37,836
AND UNCOVERS
SOMETHING SURPRISING.
550
00:32:52,553 --> 00:32:55,454
THE SURPRISE DISCOVERY
OF CHARCOAL SUGGESTS
551
00:32:55,456 --> 00:32:57,389
THAT FIRE MAY HAVE
PLAYED SOME PART
552
00:32:57,391 --> 00:33:01,593
IN THE EXTRACTION
OF THE GIANT BLOCKS.
553
00:33:01,595 --> 00:33:04,563
TO TEST THE THEORY, ADEL LIGHTS
A SERIES OF FIRES
554
00:33:04,565 --> 00:33:06,732
ON TOP OF A NEARBY OUTCROP.
555
00:33:06,734 --> 00:33:10,402
HE WANTS TO SEE IF HEATING
AND THEN QUENCHING THE HARD ROCK
556
00:33:10,404 --> 00:33:12,337
MAKES IT EASIER TO WORK.
557
00:33:22,149 --> 00:33:24,983
THE TEAM KEEPS A CLOSE EYE
ON THE TEMPERATURE
558
00:33:24,985 --> 00:33:27,319
WHILE CHECKING
FOR ANY SIGNS OF WEAKNESS.
559
00:33:27,321 --> 00:33:29,688
[ SPEAKING
FOREIGN LANGUAGE ]
560
00:33:50,744 --> 00:33:53,412
THE TEAM QUENCHES
THE FIRE WITH WATER.
561
00:33:57,985 --> 00:33:59,851
WOW.
562
00:34:12,266 --> 00:34:16,368
TO TEST IF THE FIRE HAS MADE
THE HARD ROCK EASIER TO WORK,
563
00:34:16,370 --> 00:34:20,939
ADEL INSTRUCTS ONE TEAM
TO POUND THE HEATED ROCK.
564
00:34:20,941 --> 00:34:23,508
FOR COMPARISON,
HE GETS ANOTHER TO POUND
565
00:34:23,510 --> 00:34:27,212
ON THE UNTREATED SURFACE.
566
00:34:27,214 --> 00:34:29,414
BOTH HAMMER FOR 9 MINUTES.
567
00:34:29,416 --> 00:34:32,217
THEN ADEL EXAMINES THE RESULTS.
568
00:34:49,636 --> 00:34:53,538
THE HEAT-TREATED HOLE
IS NEARLY 2 INCHES DEEP,
569
00:34:53,540 --> 00:34:56,174
SEEMINGLY 10 TIMES QUICKER
TO WORK THROUGH
570
00:34:56,176 --> 00:34:58,377
THAN THE UNTREATED ROCK,
571
00:34:58,379 --> 00:35:00,846
A STUNNING RESULT.
572
00:35:00,848 --> 00:35:04,282
IT'S EARLY DAYS, BUT ADEL
BELIEVES FIRE WAS THE KEY
573
00:35:04,284 --> 00:35:07,486
TO BUILDING KARNAK'S
GRANITE OBELISKS.
574
00:35:07,488 --> 00:35:12,657
BUT HOW DID THEY TRANSPORT THESE
450-TON MONOLITHS TO KARNAK?
575
00:35:12,659 --> 00:35:14,860
¶¶
576
00:35:14,862 --> 00:35:17,662
HISTORIANS BELIEVE
THE EGYPTIANS DUG CANALS
577
00:35:17,664 --> 00:35:19,431
DEEP INTO THE LANDSCAPE
578
00:35:19,433 --> 00:35:22,868
SO WATER FROM THE NILE
WOULD FLOW TOWARDS THE QUARRIES.
579
00:35:22,870 --> 00:35:25,971
THE OBELISK WAS SUSPENDED
OVER THE WATER.
580
00:35:25,973 --> 00:35:29,775
THEN A BOAT WAS WEIGHED DOWN
WITH TONS OF STONE
581
00:35:29,777 --> 00:35:31,610
SO THAT WHEN IT WAS EMPTIED,
582
00:35:31,612 --> 00:35:33,812
IT WOULD PICK UP THE OBELISK
583
00:35:33,814 --> 00:35:37,616
AND CARRY IT DOWN
THE NILE TO KARNAK.
584
00:35:37,618 --> 00:35:40,452
AT KARNAK, HUNDREDS
OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
585
00:35:40,454 --> 00:35:43,722
THEN GRADUALLY DUG AWAY
THE EARTH WITH GREAT PRECISION
586
00:35:43,724 --> 00:35:47,025
TO TILT THE GIANT
STONE UPRIGHT.
587
00:35:47,027 --> 00:35:51,563
LASTLY, THEY SLOTTED THE BASE
OF THE OBELISK INTO A GROOVE
588
00:35:51,565 --> 00:35:56,568
AND ATTACHED ROPES TO HAUL IT
INTO ITS FINAL POSITION.
589
00:35:59,807 --> 00:36:06,411
THE COLOSSAL JOURNEY OF THIS
450-TON BLOCK WAS COMPLETE.
590
00:36:06,413 --> 00:36:10,882
THE GREAT PHARAOHS RULED OVER
AN EMPIRE OF 2 MILLION PEOPLE
591
00:36:10,884 --> 00:36:15,353
BENEATH THE SHADOW OF THEIR
MASSIVE GRANITE NEEDLES.
592
00:36:15,355 --> 00:36:18,857
THE EGYPTIANS CONTINUED
TO BUILD TEMPLES ON THIS SITE
593
00:36:18,859 --> 00:36:21,393
FOR A FURTHER 1,200 YEARS,
594
00:36:21,395 --> 00:36:24,629
BUT NOW ARCHAEOLOGISTS
ARE UNEARTHING EVIDENCE
595
00:36:24,631 --> 00:36:28,400
THAT THE WORK HERE
CAME TO AN ABRUPT END.
596
00:36:28,402 --> 00:36:30,869
THE SURPRISING CATALYST
WAS THE EMERGENCE
597
00:36:30,871 --> 00:36:32,871
OF A POWERFUL NEW RELIGION,
598
00:36:32,873 --> 00:36:36,942
ONE THAT WAS SET TO CHANGE
THE DESTINY OF OUR PLANET.
599
00:36:43,342 --> 00:36:47,811
¶¶
600
00:36:47,813 --> 00:36:51,348
Narrator: THE MIGHTY
TEMPLE COMPLEX AT KARNAK
601
00:36:51,350 --> 00:36:53,617
WAS ONE OF THE BUSIEST
CONSTRUCTION SITES
602
00:36:53,619 --> 00:36:55,318
IN THE ANCIENT WORLD.
603
00:36:58,257 --> 00:37:02,392
FOR 2,000 YEARS, GENERATION
AFTER GENERATION OF PHARAOHS
604
00:37:02,394 --> 00:37:07,030
BUILT EVER MORE COMPLEX
STRUCTURES AT THE TEMPLE.
605
00:37:07,032 --> 00:37:08,999
YET 1,700 YEARS AGO,
606
00:37:09,001 --> 00:37:11,368
THE CONSTRUCTION
STOPPED SUDDENLY,
607
00:37:11,370 --> 00:37:13,603
AND KARNAK FELL TO RUIN.
608
00:37:13,605 --> 00:37:16,773
WHY?
609
00:37:16,775 --> 00:37:20,677
ARCHAEOLOGIST BENJAMIN DURAND
IS UNEARTHING EVIDENCE
610
00:37:20,679 --> 00:37:24,281
THAT THE FALL WAS TRIGGERED
BY THE RISE OF A NEW RELIGION
611
00:37:24,283 --> 00:37:27,818
THAT WAS SET
TO CHANGE THE WORLD.
612
00:37:44,403 --> 00:37:46,469
THE HIEROGLYPHS REVEAL
613
00:37:46,471 --> 00:37:48,538
HOW THE RULE OF KARNAK CHANGED
614
00:37:48,540 --> 00:37:51,208
OVER ITS FINAL YEARS,
615
00:37:51,210 --> 00:37:55,111
AND THE LAST NAME ON THE LIST
SEEMS STRANGELY FOREIGN.
616
00:38:10,829 --> 00:38:13,597
TIBERIUS WASN'T AN EGYPTIAN.
617
00:38:13,599 --> 00:38:18,401
HE WAS THE LEADER
OF THE MIGHTY ROMAN EMPIRE.
618
00:38:18,403 --> 00:38:22,639
KARNAK HAD BEEN SEIZED
BY A FOREIGN POWER.
619
00:38:22,641 --> 00:38:26,009
BENJAMIN UNEARTHS EVIDENCE
THAT KARNAK'S NEW OVERLORDS
620
00:38:26,011 --> 00:38:28,578
BROUGHT THE TEMPLES
CRASHING DOWN
621
00:38:28,580 --> 00:38:31,748
BECAUSE JUST 300 YEARS
AFTER THEY ARRIVED,
622
00:38:31,750 --> 00:38:35,185
THE ROMANS MADE
A MOMENTOUS CULTURAL CHANGE.
623
00:38:47,232 --> 00:38:50,567
1,600 YEARS AGO,
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
624
00:38:50,569 --> 00:38:52,569
TURNED ITS BACK ON PAGANISM
625
00:38:52,571 --> 00:38:56,640
AND CONVERTED TO A NEW FAITH,
CHRISTIANITY.
626
00:39:09,087 --> 00:39:11,521
ROMAN LEADERS ORDERED
THE IMMEDIATE CLOSURE
627
00:39:11,523 --> 00:39:14,491
OF ALL NON-CHRISTIAN
SITES ACROSS EGYPT,
628
00:39:14,493 --> 00:39:19,095
INCLUDING THE BIGGEST
OF THEM ALL, KARNAK.
629
00:39:19,097 --> 00:39:23,066
BENJAMIN'S WORK IS SLOWLY
REVEALING WHAT HAPPENED NEXT.
630
00:39:31,910 --> 00:39:36,279
HE SUSPECTS THAT HE'S UNCOVERED
THE ENTRANCE TO A FAMILY HOME.
631
00:39:49,728 --> 00:39:52,095
BENJAMIN IS CONVINCED
THIS WHOLE AREA
632
00:39:52,097 --> 00:39:54,331
WAS ONCE FILLED WITH HOUSES.
633
00:40:06,345 --> 00:40:09,946
THE ROMANS TRANSFORMED KARNAK'S
DESERTED TEMPLES
634
00:40:09,948 --> 00:40:12,482
INTO A BUSTLING
CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY.
635
00:40:22,694 --> 00:40:25,729
KARNAK'S DOWNFALL WAS
THE FINAL NAIL IN THE COFFIN
636
00:40:25,731 --> 00:40:29,532
FOR THE ANCIENT
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION.
637
00:40:29,534 --> 00:40:34,704
NO MORE PHARAOHS WERE BURIED
IN THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS.
638
00:40:34,706 --> 00:40:39,009
THE SPHINX WAS LOST
TO THE SANDS OF THE DESERT,
639
00:40:39,011 --> 00:40:42,679
AND THE GREAT PYRAMIDS
WERE SWAMPED BY THE CITY.
640
00:40:42,681 --> 00:40:47,217
THE RELIGION THAT BUILT THESE
ICONIC MONUMENTS WAS NO MORE.
641
00:40:47,219 --> 00:40:50,587
WITHOUT IT, THE ART,
TEMPLES, AND POLITICS
642
00:40:50,589 --> 00:40:52,455
THAT HAD DEFINED
THIS CIVILIZATION
643
00:40:52,457 --> 00:40:56,860
FOR 3,000 YEARS
HAD NO REASON TO CONTINUE,
644
00:40:56,862 --> 00:41:00,030
AND THE WORLD WOULD
NEVER BE THE SAME AGAIN.
645
00:41:00,032 --> 00:41:02,165
¶¶
646
00:41:02,167 --> 00:41:04,701
ARCHAEOLOGISTS CONTINUE
PIECING TOGETHER
647
00:41:04,703 --> 00:41:08,271
THE BIZARRE INNER WORKINGS
OF LIFE AT KARNAK,
648
00:41:08,273 --> 00:41:12,142
EGYPT'S MOST MYSTERIOUS
RELIGIOUS COMPLEX.
649
00:41:12,144 --> 00:41:15,412
ITS WALLS BEAR THE MARK
OF 30 PHARAOHS,
650
00:41:15,414 --> 00:41:17,380
ITS MYRIAD BUILDINGS A TESTAMENT
651
00:41:17,382 --> 00:41:19,949
TO THEIR INDIVIDUAL
QUESTS FOR POWER.
652
00:41:19,951 --> 00:41:23,586
WHAT AMAZING SECRETS
COULD STILL LIE BURIED
653
00:41:23,588 --> 00:41:27,190
UNDER THE TOWERING COLUMNS
AND GIANT WALLS
654
00:41:27,192 --> 00:41:31,594
OF THE LARGEST RELIGIOUS COMPLEX
IN THE ANCIENT WORLD?
655
00:41:31,596 --> 00:41:34,631
¶¶
52245
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.