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The islands that lie
between Asia and Australia
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00:00:08,680 --> 00:00:11,440
were forged by fire.
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00:00:11,520 --> 00:00:14,720
Their great wealth
of plants and animals
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00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:17,360
the result of a violent birth.
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(whooping)
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00:00:19,920 --> 00:00:24,400
But there is a parallel world
where the moon holds sway.
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♪ ♪
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A world where fish
live inside trees
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00:00:35,040 --> 00:00:37,960
and run away from water.
10
00:00:38,040 --> 00:00:42,400
Insects light up
the darkest of nights,
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00:00:42,480 --> 00:00:45,240
and crabs dance.
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00:00:47,400 --> 00:00:50,600
The power of the moon is
strongest along the coast
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00:00:50,680 --> 00:00:53,880
and in the shallow seas.
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00:00:53,960 --> 00:00:59,360
Here the moon reigns
over her shadowy subjects.
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00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:29,400
♪ ♪
16
00:01:29,480 --> 00:01:34,080
Every day the moon pulls on
the oceans, creating the tides.
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♪ ♪
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00:01:38,320 --> 00:01:40,760
Over millions of years,
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the plants and animals
of the coast
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have evolved ways to survive
the dramatic change
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from salt water to dry land.
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♪ ♪
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The tide floods vast areas
of the coastal mangrove forest.
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♪ ♪
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00:02:14,680 --> 00:02:19,520
This is a world that moves
to the rhythm of the moon.
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00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:24,480
♪ ♪
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00:02:24,560 --> 00:02:28,840
In places, salt water
infiltrates miles inland
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00:02:28,920 --> 00:02:33,440
to the traditional sleeping
trees of proboscis monkeys.
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00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:47,600
These 'monkeys of the moon'
must wait for the tide to fall
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00:02:47,680 --> 00:02:50,880
before they can reach
their favorite food.
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00:02:50,960 --> 00:02:53,160
So they're in no hurry.
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00:03:01,920 --> 00:03:03,960
The moon recedes
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00:03:04,040 --> 00:03:07,600
and slowly draws the water
from the mangroves.
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00:03:14,920 --> 00:03:17,160
Fish are forced to leave.
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For within hours,
water will be replaced by air.
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00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:27,560
♪ ♪
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With the morning stretching
and scratching over,
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00:03:30,800 --> 00:03:35,640
the monkeys set off through
the tops of the flooded forest.
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00:03:39,640 --> 00:03:44,440
In places the forest
stretches for miles.
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The monkeys face a long journey.
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00:03:48,200 --> 00:03:53,120
Their goal is
the distant shoreline.
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Each mangrove species has
had to find ways to survive
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00:03:57,080 --> 00:04:01,320
in this extreme environment
that would kill other trees.
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The Rhizophora's trunk
doesn't reach the ground.
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Instead, a web of giant roots
projects outward
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to support the tree
in the soft, gooey mud.
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00:04:20,200 --> 00:04:23,040
The Avicennia grows
strange pencil roots
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that stick up from the mud.
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The pores breathe in air
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to stop the buried roots
from suffocating.
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00:04:32,880 --> 00:04:36,040
Only by extraordinary
adaptations like these
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00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:41,160
can the trees survive in this
strange amphibious world.
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♪ ♪
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00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:53,160
The fish leave with the tide,
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except for these gobies.
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Just two centimeters long,
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they've found a surprising way
of staying in the mangroves.
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00:05:08,040 --> 00:05:11,960
Some tree trunks and logs
are riddled with tunnels,
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dug by sea snails.
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00:05:15,440 --> 00:05:20,520
As the water level falls,
the fish swim into these holes.
61
00:05:28,840 --> 00:05:33,720
The tide drops further,
exposing the fallen tree trunk.
62
00:05:33,800 --> 00:05:38,360
But the gobies are safe
in the water-filled passageways.
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00:05:41,840 --> 00:05:47,440
Most fish may have fled, but the
forest is not deserted for long.
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A new cohort of
air-breathing creatures
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is waiting for the tide
to retreat.
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♪ ♪
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At the feet of the mangroves
live tiny fiddler crabs
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measuring less than
three centimeters.
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00:06:14,880 --> 00:06:16,840
They are dwarfed by the leaves
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00:06:16,920 --> 00:06:21,240
and pencil roots
of the mangrove trees.
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00:06:21,320 --> 00:06:27,000
But like the trees, they have
evolved over millions of years.
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00:06:27,080 --> 00:06:32,560
There may be as many as
10 species on one mudflat.
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00:06:32,640 --> 00:06:38,680
Each with its own particular way
to survive between the tides.
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00:06:42,280 --> 00:06:47,040
This red fiddler crab claims
the top of the tide.
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He has a leisurely lunch,
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since the water won't
return here for 10 hours.
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♪ ♪
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00:06:58,640 --> 00:07:02,520
But to breathe,
he must keep his gills wet.
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00:07:02,600 --> 00:07:05,880
So he regularly returns
to his burrow
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00:07:05,960 --> 00:07:09,760
and his subterranean
pool of water.
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00:07:09,840 --> 00:07:17,360
♪ ♪
82
00:07:17,440 --> 00:07:23,960
But a tiny crab must always
be alert for danger.
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00:07:24,040 --> 00:07:28,400
Predators hang out
in this ambiguous place
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that is both sea and land.
85
00:07:31,480 --> 00:07:36,240
♪ ♪
86
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The skink hunts crabs.
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♪ ♪
88
00:07:56,840 --> 00:08:01,160
The crabs are quick and
stay close to their burrows.
89
00:08:01,240 --> 00:08:06,480
♪ ♪
90
00:08:06,560 --> 00:08:11,200
But if the skink
sneaks close enough,
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it can outrun the crabs.
92
00:08:14,120 --> 00:08:27,360
♪ ♪
93
00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:39,000
High above the mud,
94
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the monkeys of the moon keep
pace with the falling tide.
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00:08:43,520 --> 00:08:57,120
♪ ♪
96
00:08:57,200 --> 00:08:59,640
They're after something
tasty to eat.
97
00:08:59,720 --> 00:09:02,960
But it will be hours before
they reach their goal.
98
00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:07,840
♪ ♪
99
00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:12,960
So for now the monkeys
chew on dry mangrove leaves.
100
00:09:15,760 --> 00:09:18,680
The most striking thing
about an adult male
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is his spectacular schnoz.
102
00:09:22,400 --> 00:09:24,200
Nothing to do with nutrition,
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00:09:24,280 --> 00:09:28,560
but a lot to do
with attracting a mate.
104
00:09:28,640 --> 00:09:32,920
Females prefer
nasally well-endowed males.
105
00:09:33,000 --> 00:09:36,520
We have no idea why.
106
00:09:36,600 --> 00:09:39,840
His nose isn't his only
enlarged feature.
107
00:09:39,920 --> 00:09:44,160
He also has a huge belly.
108
00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:46,800
Proboscis monkeys have
a chambered stomach
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to help them break down
the unpalatable, fibrous leaves.
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00:09:51,160 --> 00:09:55,200
♪ ♪
111
00:09:55,280 --> 00:09:58,560
Some of these mangrove leaves
are not very tasty.
112
00:09:58,640 --> 00:10:03,240
They are full of salt water
that would kill other plants.
113
00:10:03,320 --> 00:10:08,880
But mangroves have evolved ways
of surviving the salt attack.
114
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The Aegiceras has leaves that
excrete the noxious salt.
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♪ ♪
116
00:10:33,040 --> 00:10:35,640
Another kind of mangrove
stores the salt
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in its old yellow leaves.
118
00:10:39,960 --> 00:10:41,880
It then discards the leaves,
119
00:10:41,960 --> 00:10:45,000
ridding itself
of the toxic salt.
120
00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:54,160
Extreme ways to survive
between the moon-driven tides.
121
00:10:54,240 --> 00:10:59,160
♪ ♪
122
00:10:59,240 --> 00:11:03,720
As the water leaves the
mangroves, the monkeys follow.
123
00:11:03,800 --> 00:11:31,880
♪ ♪
124
00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:35,760
The tide has left
the fallen tree trunk behind,
125
00:11:35,840 --> 00:11:39,720
but for now water remains
in its tunnels.
126
00:11:43,600 --> 00:11:47,960
And the gobies push further
into the labyrinth.
127
00:11:52,040 --> 00:11:57,040
They are not completely safe,
even here, deep inside the log.
128
00:12:01,560 --> 00:12:06,120
A miniature octopus, its body
less than three centimeters,
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waits patiently for its dinner.
130
00:12:08,840 --> 00:12:27,960
♪ ♪
131
00:12:28,040 --> 00:12:32,520
At last, the tide departs
the shadowy forest
132
00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:34,640
and reaches the coast.
133
00:12:39,920 --> 00:12:42,600
As the mudflats are exposed,
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00:12:42,680 --> 00:12:46,480
more creatures of the moon
emerge.
135
00:12:52,920 --> 00:12:55,640
Blue-spotted mudskippers
spend half their lives
136
00:12:55,720 --> 00:12:58,120
in mud burrows underwater.
137
00:12:58,200 --> 00:13:01,360
(insect buzzing)
138
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(insect buzzing)
139
00:13:11,240 --> 00:13:15,040
These bizarre fish spend
the other half of their lives
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out of water, grazing algae
on the muddy plains.
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00:13:19,800 --> 00:13:30,800
♪ ♪
142
00:13:30,880 --> 00:13:33,880
They defend their patch
of mud and microbes
143
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with a display
of banner-like fins
144
00:13:37,040 --> 00:13:39,840
and rounds of jousting.
145
00:13:39,920 --> 00:14:09,560
♪ ♪
146
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The retreating tide
has uncovered
147
00:14:11,800 --> 00:14:14,120
the mudskippers' beach.
148
00:14:19,120 --> 00:14:24,800
The monkeys can walk the final
stretch to their goal--
149
00:14:24,880 --> 00:14:27,880
a tree that grows
along the beach.
150
00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:32,600
♪ ♪
151
00:14:32,680 --> 00:14:37,640
This is what they have traveled
all this way for,
152
00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:41,200
the flowers of the sea hibiscus.
153
00:14:44,280 --> 00:14:47,400
After the dry, salty leaves
of the mangroves,
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the monkeys relish
the sweet-tasting flowers.
155
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♪ ♪
156
00:14:59,080 --> 00:15:00,640
(barks)
157
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While the adults eat their fill,
158
00:15:02,880 --> 00:15:06,480
the youngsters take
the opportunity to play.
159
00:15:06,560 --> 00:15:16,840
(screeching)
160
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(barks)
161
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♪ ♪
162
00:15:34,720 --> 00:15:41,080
The moon is far away,
close to the horizon.
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As the tide recedes, it uncovers
more and more fiddler crabs.
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00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:56,240
♪ ♪
165
00:15:56,320 --> 00:15:58,920
They feed by sifting
the fine sediment
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for tiny plants and animals.
167
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The female has
a major advantage.
168
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She has two feeding claws.
169
00:16:12,520 --> 00:16:16,560
The male, in contrast,
has only one.
170
00:16:16,640 --> 00:16:20,400
The other is
monstrously enlarged.
171
00:16:20,480 --> 00:16:25,360
So males can only feed
at half the speed of females.
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00:16:25,440 --> 00:16:27,720
They are handicapped by a claw
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that weighs half
their bodyweight.
174
00:16:33,560 --> 00:16:36,920
But the claw has a purpose.
175
00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:40,640
One function is to protect
their small patch of beach
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from intruders.
177
00:16:42,800 --> 00:16:48,960
Their lives depend on the food
surrounding their burrows.
178
00:16:49,040 --> 00:16:53,600
Each species of crab has a
different display of ownership,
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00:16:53,680 --> 00:16:58,920
different gestures,
claw size and color.
180
00:17:00,760 --> 00:17:04,440
The displays are aimed
at any intruder
181
00:17:04,520 --> 00:17:08,760
no matter the species or size.
182
00:17:17,040 --> 00:17:21,400
In most cases, a display is
enough to resolve a conflict,
183
00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:26,000
but sometimes
the dispute escalates.
184
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Weapons are prepared.
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00:17:35,560 --> 00:17:38,040
Warnings sent out.
186
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♪ ♪
187
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En garde!
188
00:17:48,680 --> 00:17:51,040
And fight!
189
00:17:51,120 --> 00:18:20,600
♪ ♪
190
00:18:20,680 --> 00:18:23,080
While these
combative crabs fight,
191
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the tide slides further
down the beach,
192
00:18:27,400 --> 00:18:31,600
uncovering more strange
subjects of the moon.
193
00:18:38,040 --> 00:18:41,520
On the islands between
Australia and Asia,
194
00:18:41,600 --> 00:18:45,360
the tide recedes to reveal
this species of fiddler crab
195
00:18:45,440 --> 00:18:47,520
that lives in sticky clay
196
00:18:47,600 --> 00:18:51,440
and specializes in sifting
the fine particles.
197
00:18:51,520 --> 00:18:59,120
♪ ♪
198
00:18:59,200 --> 00:19:01,640
Even closer to
the low water mark
199
00:19:01,720 --> 00:19:06,200
lives a fiddler crab with
the most extreme tidal life.
200
00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:15,440
They have as little as two hours
before the tide returns.
201
00:19:15,520 --> 00:19:18,760
So they feed twice as fast
as the red crabs
202
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that live back
among the mangroves.
203
00:19:35,120 --> 00:19:40,400
All of these crabs have evolved
over millions of years,
204
00:19:40,480 --> 00:19:45,000
under the tropical moon.
205
00:19:45,080 --> 00:19:49,680
The exposed fiddler crabs
attract a hungry bearded pig.
206
00:19:49,760 --> 00:20:01,280
♪ ♪
207
00:20:01,360 --> 00:20:02,680
(snorts)
208
00:20:02,760 --> 00:20:19,240
♪ ♪
209
00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:23,760
The tiny crabs are no more
than a snack to the pig,
210
00:20:23,840 --> 00:20:26,240
so they must be tasty.
211
00:20:28,960 --> 00:20:30,800
The pig's not alone.
212
00:20:30,880 --> 00:20:35,960
♪ ♪
213
00:20:36,040 --> 00:20:40,000
Long-tailed macaques search
among the pencil roots.
214
00:20:40,080 --> 00:20:50,600
♪ ♪
215
00:20:50,680 --> 00:20:54,040
Unlike the pig,
they have delicate fingers,
216
00:20:54,120 --> 00:20:57,400
so they have to watch out
for the crabs' claws.
217
00:20:57,480 --> 00:21:16,760
♪ ♪
218
00:21:16,840 --> 00:21:19,600
It's not just the attentions
of pigs and monkeys
219
00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:22,200
the crabs must survive.
220
00:21:24,560 --> 00:21:29,520
The fierce sun can make
the midday hours unbearable.
221
00:21:29,600 --> 00:21:39,280
♪ ♪
222
00:21:39,360 --> 00:21:43,480
The tiny gobies stay cool
inside the fallen tree trunk.
223
00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:48,840
♪ ♪
224
00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:51,560
But the water is draining out.
225
00:21:57,520 --> 00:21:59,880
Soon the tunnels will be dry
226
00:21:59,960 --> 00:22:05,040
and it will be hours before the
sea returns to the fallen trunk.
227
00:22:05,120 --> 00:22:11,400
♪ ♪
228
00:22:11,480 --> 00:22:13,120
All the creatures of the moon
229
00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:16,520
are waiting
for the tide to turn.
230
00:22:19,440 --> 00:22:24,120
As the Earth rotates,
the moon pulls up the seas,
231
00:22:24,200 --> 00:22:28,800
and this bulge of water moves
across the face of the Earth.
232
00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:41,320
♪ ♪
233
00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:45,720
At last the tide
changes direction.
234
00:22:45,800 --> 00:23:14,080
♪ ♪
235
00:23:14,160 --> 00:23:17,160
Fiddler crabs evolved
to breathe air,
236
00:23:17,240 --> 00:23:22,880
but now they must prepare
to spend time underwater.
237
00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:25,080
The crabs closest
to the low tide
238
00:23:25,160 --> 00:23:27,520
are the first to disappear.
239
00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:34,000
♪ ♪
240
00:23:34,080 --> 00:23:37,240
As the water forces its way
back up the beach,
241
00:23:37,320 --> 00:23:40,520
the crabs disappear,
242
00:23:40,600 --> 00:23:43,640
one after the other.
243
00:23:43,720 --> 00:23:49,280
♪ ♪
244
00:23:49,360 --> 00:23:53,320
There is just enough time for
one last display of ownership,
245
00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:55,600
before the blue-spotted
mudskippers
246
00:23:55,680 --> 00:23:58,120
flee down their burrows.
247
00:23:58,200 --> 00:24:16,200
♪ ♪
248
00:24:18,840 --> 00:24:23,240
Another type of mudskipper
is more of a nomad.
249
00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:32,280
They were feeding
on the low tide.
250
00:24:34,400 --> 00:24:38,360
But now these fish make the long
march back up the beach,
251
00:24:38,440 --> 00:24:43,960
racing the tides,
trying to keep out of the water!
252
00:24:53,040 --> 00:24:55,960
As the tide slithers back
toward the mangroves,
253
00:24:56,040 --> 00:25:00,320
the race is on for these
mudskippers to reach safety.
254
00:25:00,400 --> 00:25:07,600
♪ ♪
255
00:25:07,680 --> 00:25:09,120
The monkeys of the moon
256
00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:13,200
are forced to leave
their sweet-tasting flowers.
257
00:25:19,960 --> 00:25:22,960
Once they are safely
back in the trees,
258
00:25:23,040 --> 00:25:27,600
the youngsters start
goofing off again.
259
00:25:27,680 --> 00:25:36,880
♪ ♪
260
00:25:36,960 --> 00:25:39,760
The tide pushes some
of the nomadic mudskippers
261
00:25:39,840 --> 00:25:42,520
into the mangrove forest.
262
00:25:42,600 --> 00:25:59,720
♪ ♪
263
00:25:59,800 --> 00:26:04,760
To avoid the advancing water,
the fish climb into the trees!
264
00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:10,440
♪ ♪
265
00:26:10,520 --> 00:26:14,880
Here they will perch,
safe from predatory fish,
266
00:26:14,960 --> 00:26:17,240
until the water starts to drop,
267
00:26:17,320 --> 00:26:22,480
and they once again become
nomads of the moon-driven tides.
268
00:26:22,560 --> 00:26:28,880
♪ ♪
269
00:26:28,960 --> 00:26:31,120
The water pushes
into the mangroves
270
00:26:31,200 --> 00:26:35,240
and flows back into the tunnels
of the fallen tree trunk.
271
00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:39,320
♪ ♪
272
00:26:39,400 --> 00:26:42,960
The tiny gobies stir.
273
00:26:43,040 --> 00:26:45,720
Amazingly,
these tough little fish
274
00:26:45,800 --> 00:26:49,480
have survived six hours
out of the water.
275
00:26:49,560 --> 00:27:00,240
♪ ♪
276
00:27:00,320 --> 00:27:04,240
The mangroves are once again
a flooded forest.
277
00:27:04,320 --> 00:27:17,800
♪ ♪
278
00:27:17,880 --> 00:27:21,880
The strength of the tropical sun
begins to fade.
279
00:27:21,960 --> 00:27:27,840
♪ ♪
280
00:27:27,920 --> 00:27:33,880
But the power of the moon
remains...
281
00:27:33,960 --> 00:27:37,320
undiminished, day or night.
282
00:27:39,320 --> 00:27:42,320
♪ ♪
283
00:27:42,400 --> 00:27:45,760
12 hours and 25 minutes
after it left,
284
00:27:45,840 --> 00:27:49,960
the salt water returns
to its highest point.
285
00:27:53,720 --> 00:27:57,120
A cycle of tides is complete.
286
00:27:59,240 --> 00:28:03,280
Strange fish swim in
on the high tide.
287
00:28:07,560 --> 00:28:14,440
Weaver ants patrol the mangrove
branches, looking for prey.
288
00:28:14,520 --> 00:28:18,280
But the hunters will
soon be the hunted.
289
00:28:18,360 --> 00:28:26,160
♪ ♪
290
00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:29,760
The high water brings
the ants within range.
291
00:28:29,840 --> 00:28:36,080
♪ ♪
292
00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:42,200
The archerfish estimates
the distance, and shoots.
293
00:28:42,280 --> 00:28:52,880
♪ ♪
294
00:28:52,960 --> 00:28:55,160
Archerfish can shoot
a bullet of water
295
00:28:55,240 --> 00:29:00,360
powerful enough to dislodge
even the most tenacious grip.
296
00:29:00,440 --> 00:29:32,840
♪ ♪
297
00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:35,760
The salt water retreats
from the dark forest,
298
00:29:35,840 --> 00:29:38,520
leaving small isolated pools.
299
00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:43,840
♪ ♪
300
00:29:43,920 --> 00:29:48,120
Any fish trapped in the puddles
are in great danger.
301
00:29:48,200 --> 00:29:52,160
♪ ♪
302
00:29:52,240 --> 00:29:57,440
A fishing owl's sharp vision
pierces the gloom of the forest.
303
00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:14,240
♪ ♪
304
00:30:14,320 --> 00:30:20,640
Its talons are huge, the skin
on its feet hard and ridged.
305
00:30:20,720 --> 00:30:39,280
♪ ♪
306
00:30:44,120 --> 00:30:48,360
The influence of the moon is
felt wherever there is water.
307
00:30:48,440 --> 00:30:56,000
♪ ♪
308
00:30:56,080 --> 00:30:58,960
The tides have as much
impact on the seas
309
00:30:59,040 --> 00:31:01,800
as they do on the mangroves
and the beaches.
310
00:31:05,440 --> 00:31:08,880
Every day, tidal currents carry
nutrient-rich waters
311
00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:11,240
full of plankton.
312
00:31:11,320 --> 00:31:23,080
♪ ♪
313
00:31:23,160 --> 00:31:26,640
These tiny creatures are
at the mercy of the tides
314
00:31:26,720 --> 00:31:30,400
and are preyed on by the largest
fish in the world.
315
00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:42,080
Whale sharks are
plankton-eating giants.
316
00:31:42,160 --> 00:31:46,760
They can grow to 40 feet long
and weigh 20 tons.
317
00:31:46,840 --> 00:31:54,040
♪ ♪
318
00:31:54,120 --> 00:31:57,040
They feed by forcing
plankton-rich water
319
00:31:57,120 --> 00:31:59,920
into their huge mouths.
320
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:12,280
♪ ♪
321
00:32:12,360 --> 00:32:14,800
In places, there is so much food
322
00:32:14,880 --> 00:32:18,880
the whale sharks don't
have to travel far.
323
00:32:18,960 --> 00:32:23,320
They just swim from one cloud
of plankton to another.
324
00:32:26,720 --> 00:32:29,280
The plankton support
a wealth of life
325
00:32:29,360 --> 00:32:32,840
in the waters between
Asia and Australia.
326
00:32:32,920 --> 00:32:39,760
♪ ♪
327
00:32:39,840 --> 00:32:42,880
They're surrounded
by warm, shallow water,
328
00:32:42,960 --> 00:32:45,880
ideal for coral growth.
329
00:32:45,960 --> 00:32:56,880
♪ ♪
330
00:33:03,160 --> 00:33:07,120
These are the richest reefs
in the world.
331
00:33:10,560 --> 00:33:15,160
There are over 1,400
species of fish,
332
00:33:15,240 --> 00:33:18,520
and many feed directly
on the plankton.
333
00:33:22,880 --> 00:33:28,360
♪ ♪
334
00:33:28,440 --> 00:33:32,200
It's not just small fish
that join in on the feast.
335
00:33:32,280 --> 00:33:48,200
♪ ♪
336
00:33:48,280 --> 00:33:50,840
Manta rays filter the plankton
337
00:33:50,920 --> 00:33:55,240
as they fly through the water
on their huge wings.
338
00:33:55,320 --> 00:34:04,040
♪ ♪
339
00:34:04,120 --> 00:34:08,920
The giants visit the reef
for a very specific reason.
340
00:34:13,400 --> 00:34:18,120
As the ray hovers, moon wrasse
race up from the reef
341
00:34:18,200 --> 00:34:23,400
to pick off parasites and
nibble at old or damaged skin.
342
00:34:23,480 --> 00:34:29,600
♪ ♪
343
00:34:29,680 --> 00:34:32,800
The reef is a kind
of maintenance station
344
00:34:32,880 --> 00:34:37,200
where the mysterious giants can
stop to be cleaned and serviced
345
00:34:37,280 --> 00:34:42,240
before they resume their flights
through the plankton-rich seas.
346
00:34:42,320 --> 00:34:53,320
♪ ♪
347
00:34:53,400 --> 00:34:58,480
The plankton support fish,
big and small,
348
00:34:58,560 --> 00:35:01,880
and in places, in vast numbers.
349
00:35:01,960 --> 00:35:09,960
♪ ♪
350
00:35:10,040 --> 00:35:12,440
Anchovies,
which eat the plankton,
351
00:35:12,520 --> 00:35:14,840
attract another set of hunters:
352
00:35:14,920 --> 00:35:20,360
the swift and sleek mobula rays.
353
00:35:20,440 --> 00:35:22,640
These rays hunt in packs,
354
00:35:22,720 --> 00:35:27,000
herding the small fish and
pressing them against the reef.
355
00:36:02,800 --> 00:36:07,520
Once the anchovies are confined,
the rays attack.
356
00:36:24,280 --> 00:36:29,200
The rays plunge through the
shoals, seizing the anchovies.
357
00:36:48,240 --> 00:36:54,200
After the frenzy of attacks,
the anchovies regroup.
358
00:36:54,280 --> 00:36:58,800
And the sinister shepherding
starts all over again.
359
00:37:09,480 --> 00:37:11,920
The tides that create
the ocean currents,
360
00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:17,880
moving fish and plankton,
are not constant.
361
00:37:17,960 --> 00:37:21,040
As the moon goes through
its monthly phases,
362
00:37:21,120 --> 00:37:23,960
so the tides wax and wane.
363
00:37:24,040 --> 00:37:33,240
♪ ♪
364
00:37:33,320 --> 00:37:36,840
They are strongest
at the full and new moon.
365
00:37:36,920 --> 00:37:44,520
♪ ♪
366
00:37:44,600 --> 00:37:47,880
The phase of the moon
affects all its subjects,
367
00:37:47,960 --> 00:37:51,840
both on the reefs and
in the coastal forests.
368
00:37:55,480 --> 00:37:57,920
The profound dark
of the new moon
369
00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:02,400
enhances the display of
fireflies in the mangrove trees.
370
00:38:02,480 --> 00:38:15,960
♪ ♪
371
00:38:16,040 --> 00:38:21,240
All this flashing has something
to do with courtship and mating.
372
00:38:21,320 --> 00:38:26,320
But exactly why they create this
luminous effect is a mystery.
373
00:38:26,400 --> 00:38:36,200
♪ ♪
374
00:38:36,280 --> 00:38:39,960
The ensuing show is mesmerizing.
375
00:38:40,040 --> 00:38:47,040
♪ ♪
376
00:38:47,120 --> 00:38:52,160
The fireflies are miniscule,
less than a centimeter,
377
00:38:52,240 --> 00:38:53,760
yet they are so bright
378
00:38:53,840 --> 00:38:57,720
they can be seen from
hundreds of feet away.
379
00:38:57,800 --> 00:39:29,960
♪ ♪
380
00:39:30,040 --> 00:39:32,800
Two weeks later,
the moon is full
381
00:39:32,880 --> 00:39:36,960
and the tide is once again
at its highest.
382
00:39:37,040 --> 00:39:50,600
♪ ♪
383
00:39:50,680 --> 00:39:57,040
The bright moonlight has
a dramatic effect on many fish.
384
00:39:57,120 --> 00:40:02,760
All over the reef,
bohar snappers congregate.
385
00:40:02,840 --> 00:40:04,480
They swim toward a spot
386
00:40:04,560 --> 00:40:08,440
where the tidal current
is especially strong.
387
00:40:16,760 --> 00:40:22,880
The fish form tight shoals and
move up toward the surface.
388
00:40:27,200 --> 00:40:32,200
There they spawn
in a mass event.
389
00:40:44,160 --> 00:40:48,080
Eggs and sperm are expelled
and mix in the water
390
00:40:48,160 --> 00:40:51,480
as they are swept away
by the current.
391
00:40:58,000 --> 00:41:02,480
Black snappers race in
to eat the eggs.
392
00:41:02,560 --> 00:41:05,160
But the sheer number
of bohar snappers
393
00:41:05,240 --> 00:41:08,360
means most eggs will drift
safely away from the reef
394
00:41:08,440 --> 00:41:11,640
and its many hungry mouths.
395
00:41:23,120 --> 00:41:26,440
They will join the plankton,
and after a few months,
396
00:41:26,520 --> 00:41:31,120
some will return to the reef
as baby fish.
397
00:41:35,680 --> 00:41:41,240
♪ ♪
398
00:41:41,320 --> 00:41:45,760
The impact of the full moon
is felt all along the coast.
399
00:41:45,840 --> 00:41:52,720
♪ ♪
400
00:41:52,800 --> 00:41:58,240
It seems to make
fiddler crabs frisky.
401
00:41:58,320 --> 00:42:07,000
♪ ♪
402
00:42:07,080 --> 00:42:11,200
A female sets out
to select her mate.
403
00:42:13,880 --> 00:42:16,880
Her options seem endless.
404
00:42:16,960 --> 00:42:21,840
♪ ♪
405
00:42:21,920 --> 00:42:25,760
The males display in synchrony.
406
00:42:25,840 --> 00:43:03,280
♪ ♪
407
00:43:03,360 --> 00:43:09,760
It may be that females go for
the male that displays first.
408
00:43:09,840 --> 00:43:19,680
♪ ♪
409
00:43:19,760 --> 00:43:23,040
She makes her pick
410
00:43:23,120 --> 00:43:26,960
and follows him
down a burrow to mate.
411
00:43:30,760 --> 00:43:37,840
♪ ♪
412
00:43:37,920 --> 00:43:41,200
The moon has a mysterious power.
413
00:43:41,280 --> 00:43:45,960
It rules the animals of the
mangrove forests and the reefs.
414
00:43:46,040 --> 00:43:52,880
♪ ♪
415
00:43:52,960 --> 00:43:59,160
It stirs the oceans and creates
plankton-laden currents.
416
00:43:59,240 --> 00:44:01,240
And for many creatures,
417
00:44:01,320 --> 00:44:06,360
it is the key to the
continuation of their species.
418
00:44:06,440 --> 00:44:07,440
Captioned by Nat Geo.
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