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-Wow.
2
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I'm Scott Yoo.
3
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Join me in Italy to discover
the secrets
4
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behind one of the greatest
pieces of music ever written...
5
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What? I thought
that Vivaldi's "Four Seasons"
6
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didn't have a manuscript.
7
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♪♪
8
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Oh, it's different.
9
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...from the ancient songs
that inspired it...
10
00:00:26,633 --> 00:00:29,200
to the many composers
that it then inspired.
11
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So Bach was a Vivaldi admirer?
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Cheers.
13
00:00:34,266 --> 00:00:35,766
I'll take in
the famous landscapes
14
00:00:35,800 --> 00:00:36,933
and food of Italy...
15
00:00:36,966 --> 00:00:38,533
I've never had
anything this good.
16
00:00:38,566 --> 00:00:41,033
-This is the art of being
a Southern Italian.
17
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-...meeting renowned musicians,
singers, and violin makers.
18
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This is very special.
19
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They don't make them
like this anymore. Do they?
20
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-Genius is genius.
21
00:00:48,966 --> 00:00:51,000
-Along the way,
I'll learn how Vivaldi
22
00:00:51,033 --> 00:00:53,433
gathered the sounds
of his country...
23
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That's like a bagpipe.
24
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...and captured
in his masterpiece.
25
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I get the chills reading
Vivaldi's handwriting.
26
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Then I'll hear and play
some of his other great works,
27
00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:06,233
which were nearly lost
to history.
28
00:01:06,266 --> 00:01:08,033
-It's rock 'n' roll, like Elvis.
-Really?
29
00:01:08,066 --> 00:01:09,066
-Yes.
30
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-Next on "Great Performances,"
31
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an episode from the new music
series "Now Hear This."
32
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♪♪
33
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♪♪
34
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-Wow.
35
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[ Choir singing
in foreign language ]
36
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♪♪
37
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Venice -- Antonio Vivaldi
was born here
38
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in this amazing city on the sea
39
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before Beethoven,
before Mozart, even before Bach.
40
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Though he wrote more
than 500 works,
41
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he's most famous for one,
"The Four Seasons."
42
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I was here to get to know it
in all new ways,
43
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and I'd start by looking at
something completely different.
44
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Less than a month ago,
45
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a new Vivaldi work
was discovered.
46
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Grazie, Signore.
47
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[ Choir continues singing ]
48
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♪♪
49
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♪♪
50
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What you're seeing
is not just the first time
51
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this piece has been filmed,
52
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but the first time
in 3 centuries
53
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it's even been heard.
54
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300 years after his death,
55
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a sold-out crowd is here
for a Vivaldi premiere.
56
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How could that be?
57
00:02:48,133 --> 00:02:51,433
Well, Vivaldi was only
recently discovered.
58
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Nearly all his music was lost,
but that's a story for later.
59
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[ Choir singing ]
60
00:02:59,333 --> 00:03:08,400
♪♪
61
00:03:08,433 --> 00:03:17,433
♪♪
62
00:03:17,466 --> 00:03:26,500
♪♪
63
00:03:26,533 --> 00:03:35,566
♪♪
64
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[ Applause ]
65
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Vivaldi wrote many religious
works like this one.
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That's at least partly
because he began his life
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not as a composer,
but as a priest.
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♪♪
69
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I wanted to know more about
Vivaldi's sacred music,
70
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and for that,
I had to go to church.
71
00:03:55,866 --> 00:04:01,066
♪♪
72
00:04:01,100 --> 00:04:06,233
♪♪
73
00:04:06,266 --> 00:04:07,733
My friend, Margherita Gianola,
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00:04:07,766 --> 00:04:11,666
is the organist at one of
the oldest churches in Venice.
75
00:04:11,700 --> 00:04:15,466
Basilica dei Frari
was built in the 1300s.
76
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When Vivaldi was here,
it was already 3 centuries old.
77
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Most of his sacred music
was lost for centuries,
78
00:04:24,066 --> 00:04:26,766
but the few who do know it
say it's as profound
79
00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:29,366
as the religious music of Bach.
80
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♪♪
81
00:04:36,366 --> 00:04:38,133
Margherita.
82
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How are you? I'll come around.
83
00:04:46,700 --> 00:04:47,833
Hi, Margherita.
-Ciao, Scott.
84
00:04:47,866 --> 00:04:49,700
-How are you?
-Well, thank you, and you?
85
00:04:49,733 --> 00:04:51,800
-I was listening to you play
as I walked in.
86
00:04:51,833 --> 00:04:53,133
Is that Vivaldi?
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-Vivaldi, but Vivaldi has
written nothing for organ,
88
00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:01,666
but this is Vivaldi
because it is the transcription
89
00:05:01,700 --> 00:05:03,100
by Johann Sebastian Bach.
90
00:05:03,133 --> 00:05:04,666
-Okay. Now I understand.
91
00:05:04,700 --> 00:05:07,000
-He liked very much music
by Vivaldi.
92
00:05:07,033 --> 00:05:09,366
-So Bach was a Vivaldi admirer.
93
00:05:09,400 --> 00:05:10,766
-Yes, an admirer.
94
00:05:10,800 --> 00:05:12,833
-I just arrived
in Venice today, actually.
95
00:05:12,866 --> 00:05:14,700
This is my first time here,
96
00:05:14,733 --> 00:05:18,300
and I came to Venice to research
the Vivaldi "Four Seasons."
97
00:05:18,333 --> 00:05:19,500
-Si, yes.
98
00:05:19,533 --> 00:05:21,166
-That was written here
in Venice, I assume.
99
00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:22,233
-No, no, no.
100
00:05:22,266 --> 00:05:27,100
He wrote them
when he was in Mantua.
101
00:05:27,133 --> 00:05:29,533
-Okay.
-It is in the countryside.
102
00:05:29,566 --> 00:05:33,000
-So I came to Venice
to study "The Four Seasons,"
103
00:05:33,033 --> 00:05:34,533
and what I learned
is I have to go
104
00:05:34,566 --> 00:05:36,266
to the countryside...
-Yes, really.
105
00:05:36,300 --> 00:05:37,833
-...to find out
about "The Four Seasons."
106
00:05:37,866 --> 00:05:42,666
-But "Four Seasons" is the most
recorded work in the world.
107
00:05:42,700 --> 00:05:44,633
-Mm. I'm not surprised.
108
00:05:44,666 --> 00:05:47,900
And this instrument
that you're playing here --
109
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tell me about this instrument.
110
00:05:49,500 --> 00:05:50,900
It looks very old.
111
00:05:50,933 --> 00:05:52,800
-Yes, here
in the Church of Frari,
112
00:05:52,833 --> 00:05:57,466
we have three organs,
but it is the oldest in Venice.
113
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It was built in 1732.
114
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-Oh, my God.
-That is to say,
115
00:06:01,433 --> 00:06:03,566
before the death of Vivaldi.
-Vivaldi, right.
116
00:06:03,600 --> 00:06:07,766
-Because he died in 1741.
-Wow.
117
00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:10,800
-And we have the keyboard,
the original keyboard.
118
00:06:10,833 --> 00:06:12,233
It is very small.
-Oh, my God.
119
00:06:12,266 --> 00:06:17,233
-Look at -- and Vivaldi
has written some pieces
120
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for organ and the violin
and orchestra string.
121
00:06:22,600 --> 00:06:27,200
We can play the second movement,
where the orchestra don't play.
122
00:06:27,233 --> 00:06:28,800
We can play together
if you like.
123
00:06:28,833 --> 00:06:31,933
-Great, I'd love to do that.
Okay. Let me get my violin.
124
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♪♪
125
00:06:47,200 --> 00:06:54,166
♪♪
126
00:06:54,200 --> 00:06:58,033
Imagine Vivaldi as a boy,
being taught by his father,
127
00:06:58,066 --> 00:07:00,600
a violinist
in the church orchestra.
128
00:07:00,633 --> 00:07:03,033
What music do you think
he first learned?
129
00:07:03,066 --> 00:07:05,266
It must have been the hymns.
130
00:07:05,300 --> 00:07:10,033
♪♪
131
00:07:10,066 --> 00:07:11,766
Imagine a teenage Vivaldi
132
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training for the priesthood
for 10 years,
133
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and listening that whole time
134
00:07:16,166 --> 00:07:20,100
to the beautiful, simple,
vocal music of the church.
135
00:07:20,133 --> 00:07:25,733
♪♪
136
00:07:25,766 --> 00:07:32,166
♪♪
137
00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:35,333
When I was playing this music,
something came to me.
138
00:07:35,366 --> 00:07:38,666
The singing melodies like this
one that he's famous for
139
00:07:38,700 --> 00:07:41,233
came not from Vivaldi
the composer,
140
00:07:41,266 --> 00:07:44,000
but from Vivaldi the priest.
141
00:07:44,033 --> 00:07:52,300
♪♪
142
00:07:52,333 --> 00:07:53,966
You can hear
his religious training
143
00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:56,866
in almost everything else
he wrote.
144
00:07:56,900 --> 00:07:59,100
In understanding
"The Four Seasons,"
145
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this was my first clue.
146
00:08:01,433 --> 00:08:06,266
♪♪
147
00:08:06,300 --> 00:08:09,033
The next day,
I was off to the countryside
148
00:08:09,066 --> 00:08:11,000
to look for more clues,
149
00:08:11,033 --> 00:08:12,766
and there's no
Italian countryside
150
00:08:12,800 --> 00:08:15,266
that quite compares to Tuscany.
151
00:08:15,300 --> 00:08:24,800
♪♪
152
00:08:24,833 --> 00:08:27,333
I went there to meet my friends
from Duo Baldo
153
00:08:27,366 --> 00:08:30,500
at their favorite restaurant,
Villa Conti.
154
00:08:30,533 --> 00:08:33,400
Part of what makes them
Italy's best musical comedians
155
00:08:33,433 --> 00:08:36,866
is that they're true experts
in Italian music.
156
00:08:36,900 --> 00:08:39,766
-We took the liberty
of ordering you something.
157
00:08:39,800 --> 00:08:41,633
-Excuse me.
-Oh, fantastic. Oh, my God.
158
00:08:41,666 --> 00:08:43,300
Look at it.
-This is...
159
00:08:43,333 --> 00:08:45,033
-Enjoy.
-...Italian antipasto.
160
00:08:45,066 --> 00:08:46,100
-Yeah.
-Wow.
161
00:08:46,133 --> 00:08:47,100
-Scott.
-Cheers.
162
00:08:47,133 --> 00:08:48,133
-It's always great
to see you, man.
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00:08:48,166 --> 00:08:49,466
-Cheers.
-To Vivaldi.
164
00:08:49,500 --> 00:08:51,233
-That's right.
-To Vivaldi.
165
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♪♪
166
00:08:55,100 --> 00:08:58,466
-This antipasto is just like
what you eat in the States
167
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except that
each individual piece
168
00:09:00,866 --> 00:09:02,966
is the best
you've ever had, right?
169
00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:04,300
-Yes.
-It's incredible.
170
00:09:04,333 --> 00:09:06,266
-Incredible. Each is so unique
and so different from...
171
00:09:06,300 --> 00:09:07,933
-Oh! I've never had
anything this good.
172
00:09:07,966 --> 00:09:10,066
-This is the art of being
a Southern Italian.
173
00:09:10,100 --> 00:09:12,200
-Mm-hmm, you're lucky.
-Oh.
174
00:09:12,233 --> 00:09:14,533
-Il prima, cavatelli al pesto.
175
00:09:14,566 --> 00:09:15,933
-Wow.
176
00:09:15,966 --> 00:09:17,566
-So these
are cavatelli with pesto.
177
00:09:17,600 --> 00:09:20,600
-Pesto alla Genovese.
-And it's fresh-made pasta.
178
00:09:20,633 --> 00:09:21,733
-Buon appetito.
179
00:09:21,766 --> 00:09:23,333
-Buon appetito. Grazie.
180
00:09:23,366 --> 00:09:25,600
♪♪
181
00:09:25,633 --> 00:09:27,533
-Mmm.
-This is fantastic.
182
00:09:27,566 --> 00:09:29,466
So light.
-Yeah, and so light.
183
00:09:29,500 --> 00:09:31,566
-It's so tasty.
-Well, the secret
184
00:09:31,600 --> 00:09:34,566
to Italian cooking
is really the simplicity,
185
00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:39,866
but the base products have to be
such a certain quality.
186
00:09:39,900 --> 00:09:45,133
-Well, it's like a violin --
it's just spruce, maple,
187
00:09:45,166 --> 00:09:49,466
some ebony, some glue,
and what's in that varnish?
188
00:09:49,500 --> 00:09:51,766
-That's it.
-Yeah, what's in that varnish?
189
00:09:51,800 --> 00:09:54,200
-That's it, nothing.
-A little imagination.
190
00:09:54,233 --> 00:09:57,233
I came to talk to Aldo
about something Vivaldi did
191
00:09:57,266 --> 00:09:59,633
that was
completely revolutionary.
192
00:09:59,666 --> 00:10:01,800
He based "The Four Seasons"
on poetry
193
00:10:01,833 --> 00:10:04,233
that describes
the Italian countryside,
194
00:10:04,266 --> 00:10:08,566
writing the music
to mimic the sounds of nature.
195
00:10:08,600 --> 00:10:10,833
-He loved opera very much,
196
00:10:10,866 --> 00:10:15,833
and this is like an instrumental
opera in four acts.
197
00:10:15,866 --> 00:10:17,166
-Beautiful.
-Right.
198
00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:20,000
-So let's start
from the beginning.
199
00:10:20,033 --> 00:10:24,233
"Giunt' è la primavera,"
spring has arrived,
200
00:10:24,266 --> 00:10:27,500
so it's just...How do you
say -- "la presentazione"?
201
00:10:27,533 --> 00:10:29,566
-Yeah, the presentation.
-Presentation.
202
00:10:29,600 --> 00:10:31,900
-It sort of...
-But then it comes down
203
00:10:31,933 --> 00:10:34,933
on something specific --
"e festosetti --
204
00:10:34,966 --> 00:10:37,833
La Salutan gl' Augei
con lieto canto" --
205
00:10:37,866 --> 00:10:43,966
and joyfully,
the birds greet her, the spring,
206
00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:46,700
with glad song,
207
00:10:46,733 --> 00:10:50,100
and you can see here
in the score,
208
00:10:50,133 --> 00:10:54,133
he describes the birds.
-Those -- The trilling --
209
00:10:54,166 --> 00:10:55,366
-They're singing.
-The trilling violins.
210
00:10:55,400 --> 00:10:56,533
-Yeah.
-Right.
211
00:10:56,566 --> 00:10:57,966
-Right, and the little scales.
212
00:10:58,000 --> 00:11:02,466
And then, "E i fonti
allo Spirar de' Zeffiretti
213
00:11:02,500 --> 00:11:05,500
con dolce mormorio
Scorrono intanto,"
214
00:11:05,533 --> 00:11:08,133
and the streams,
215
00:11:08,166 --> 00:11:12,833
a zephyr's breath flow forth,
216
00:11:12,866 --> 00:11:15,300
and here you have a section.
217
00:11:15,333 --> 00:11:18,233
You see this...
-This movement.
218
00:11:18,266 --> 00:11:22,533
-...these notes going
just like the river flows.
219
00:11:22,566 --> 00:11:25,300
"Vengon' coprendo
l' aer di nero amanto,
220
00:11:25,333 --> 00:11:28,833
e lampi,
e tuoni ad annuntiarla eletti,"
221
00:11:28,866 --> 00:11:33,433
and now there come
the thunder and lightning,
222
00:11:33,466 --> 00:11:37,866
and the music also
reflects it with this...
223
00:11:37,900 --> 00:11:39,133
-Thundering tremolos.
-Yeah.
224
00:11:39,166 --> 00:11:40,600
-Yeah.
225
00:11:40,633 --> 00:11:44,866
-Notes and this scale
going upwards.
226
00:11:44,900 --> 00:11:47,266
[ Trilling ]
227
00:11:47,300 --> 00:11:49,166
-[ Laughs ]
228
00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:51,366
-Why are you laughing?
229
00:11:51,400 --> 00:11:54,200
And then, at the end of this...
230
00:11:54,233 --> 00:11:57,033
-Thunder and lightning.
-Spring storm system.
231
00:11:57,066 --> 00:11:58,500
-...spring storm, yeah...
-Mm-hmm.
232
00:11:58,533 --> 00:12:03,033
-...the birds come back
to their enchanted singing.
233
00:12:03,066 --> 00:12:04,466
-Singing.
-That's the first movement?
234
00:12:04,500 --> 00:12:06,366
-That's the first movement.
-Okay.
235
00:12:06,400 --> 00:12:12,866
♪♪
236
00:12:12,900 --> 00:12:15,100
-Second movement, the "Largo" --
237
00:12:15,133 --> 00:12:18,533
"E quindi sul
fiorito ameno prato
238
00:12:18,566 --> 00:12:20,866
al caro mormorio
di fronde e piante --
239
00:12:20,900 --> 00:12:24,833
dorme 'l caprar col fido
can' à lato."
240
00:12:24,866 --> 00:12:27,200
On the...
241
00:12:27,233 --> 00:12:28,500
-[ Speaking Italian ]
242
00:12:28,533 --> 00:12:30,166
-Yeah, the flowered fields.
243
00:12:30,200 --> 00:12:32,633
-Yeah, on flowered fields...
-Landscape.
244
00:12:32,666 --> 00:12:35,633
-...sleeps the goatherd
245
00:12:35,666 --> 00:12:40,266
with his trusted dog.
246
00:12:40,300 --> 00:12:45,333
We have the -- the dog barking,
a viola.
247
00:12:45,366 --> 00:12:47,466
-Can you sing that, Aldo?
It's a great line.
248
00:12:47,500 --> 00:12:51,766
-[ Bleating ]
-[ Laughs ]
249
00:12:51,800 --> 00:12:54,533
-It's beautiful.
-I know.
250
00:12:54,566 --> 00:12:56,100
[ Dog barks ]
251
00:12:56,133 --> 00:13:01,766
♪♪
252
00:13:01,800 --> 00:13:04,766
-Aldo, could you tell
the shepherd it's incredible?
253
00:13:04,800 --> 00:13:08,500
But his dog barks
the same C-sharp
254
00:13:08,533 --> 00:13:09,966
that the piece starts with.
255
00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:11,466
-That's amazing.
-Yeah.
256
00:13:11,500 --> 00:13:14,033
-[ Speaking Italian ]
257
00:13:14,066 --> 00:13:16,266
♪♪
258
00:13:16,300 --> 00:13:18,933
-[ Laughs ]
259
00:13:18,966 --> 00:13:22,133
-That's fantastic. Good dog.
260
00:13:22,166 --> 00:13:24,066
♪♪
261
00:13:24,100 --> 00:13:26,733
-And then it says,
"Scioglie il Cucco la Voce,"
262
00:13:26,766 --> 00:13:30,866
the cuckoo sings,
and inside the musical figure,
263
00:13:30,900 --> 00:13:32,100
there is the...
264
00:13:32,133 --> 00:13:33,800
-Cuckoo.
-...the cuckoo, the third,
265
00:13:33,833 --> 00:13:35,666
the minor third.
266
00:13:35,700 --> 00:13:37,300
Cuckoo, cuckoo.
267
00:13:37,333 --> 00:13:40,300
-I asked our engineer
to record some sounds.
268
00:13:40,333 --> 00:13:42,633
-Over this way?
-Yeah, and, like, you know,
269
00:13:42,666 --> 00:13:44,166
like, sticking --
sticking your boom in there
270
00:13:44,200 --> 00:13:45,800
and then seeing
if we can get a cuckoo.
271
00:13:45,833 --> 00:13:47,000
-Yeah.
[ Birds chirping ]
272
00:13:47,033 --> 00:13:48,233
-You know,
one of the things I think
273
00:13:48,266 --> 00:13:49,533
is kind of cool about this piece
274
00:13:49,566 --> 00:13:53,633
is that it's virtuosic,
but it's -- it's...
275
00:13:53,666 --> 00:13:55,133
The passage is describing
276
00:13:55,166 --> 00:13:57,466
a very sort of primitive animal,
this cuckoo, right?
277
00:13:57,500 --> 00:13:58,566
-Yeah.
-And it's just two notes...
278
00:13:58,600 --> 00:13:59,800
[ Notes play ]
279
00:13:59,833 --> 00:14:02,266
...but he adds enough notes,
enough other notes
280
00:14:02,300 --> 00:14:03,866
to make it sound cool, right?
-Right.
281
00:14:03,900 --> 00:14:08,366
♪♪
282
00:14:08,400 --> 00:14:09,833
And then you have...
283
00:14:09,866 --> 00:14:16,066
♪♪
284
00:14:16,100 --> 00:14:17,266
Then you have...
285
00:14:17,300 --> 00:14:20,633
♪♪
286
00:14:20,666 --> 00:14:21,866
And then I have...
287
00:14:21,900 --> 00:14:29,433
♪♪
288
00:14:29,466 --> 00:14:37,000
♪♪
289
00:14:37,033 --> 00:14:38,633
Then we have together...
290
00:14:38,666 --> 00:14:40,133
[ Orchestra plays ]
291
00:14:40,166 --> 00:14:47,400
♪♪
292
00:14:47,433 --> 00:14:50,766
Like Aldo said, with the poems
as their story line,
293
00:14:50,800 --> 00:14:53,866
"The Four Seasons"
are an instrumental opera,
294
00:14:53,900 --> 00:14:56,533
and Vivaldi's instrument
was the violin.
295
00:14:56,566 --> 00:14:59,500
He was the greatest player
of his time.
296
00:14:59,533 --> 00:15:01,966
To push the instrument
into new territory
297
00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:04,000
as he did
with "The Four Seasons,"
298
00:15:04,033 --> 00:15:07,933
first, the violin had to be
capable of going there.
299
00:15:07,966 --> 00:15:10,800
Luckily, Vivaldi was alive
at the same time
300
00:15:10,833 --> 00:15:15,200
as Antonio Stradivari,
the Great Stradivarius.
301
00:15:15,233 --> 00:15:24,633
♪♪
302
00:15:24,666 --> 00:15:34,033
♪♪
303
00:15:34,066 --> 00:15:37,300
[ Bell tolling ]
To find out more, I went to see
304
00:15:37,333 --> 00:15:41,733
one of Italy's best modern
violin makers, Igor Moroder.
305
00:15:41,766 --> 00:15:45,466
As an apprentice, Igor trained
under a master famous
306
00:15:45,500 --> 00:15:47,400
for being able
to adjust the violin
307
00:15:47,433 --> 00:15:49,400
to produce its best sound.
308
00:15:49,433 --> 00:15:54,433
Now he's the master himself,
and I needed a little work done.
309
00:15:54,466 --> 00:15:56,066
Hi, Igor.
-Hi. Good morning, Scott.
310
00:15:56,100 --> 00:15:57,400
-How are you?
-Fine.
311
00:15:57,433 --> 00:15:58,500
-Thanks for seeing me.
312
00:15:58,533 --> 00:16:00,733
-Please, come in.
-Thank you.
313
00:16:01,600 --> 00:16:04,400
-How do you do?
-I'm doing great.
314
00:16:04,433 --> 00:16:06,500
My violin spent
a little time outside.
315
00:16:06,533 --> 00:16:08,166
So it needs to be adjusted,
I think.
316
00:16:08,200 --> 00:16:10,066
-Yeah, yeah.
-Would you mind?
317
00:16:10,100 --> 00:16:12,300
-I try it,
and then I tell you more.
318
00:16:12,333 --> 00:16:14,066
Hmm, great.
319
00:16:21,300 --> 00:16:23,000
-So, do you need to move
the post around?
320
00:16:23,033 --> 00:16:25,366
What do you think?
321
00:16:25,400 --> 00:16:28,200
-Let's try.
322
00:16:28,233 --> 00:16:37,433
♪♪
323
00:16:37,466 --> 00:16:39,700
-Inside the violin,
the sound post,
324
00:16:39,733 --> 00:16:42,733
a wooden dowel held in place
by pressure only,
325
00:16:42,766 --> 00:16:44,500
allows the front and back
of the violin
326
00:16:44,533 --> 00:16:46,233
to communicate with each other.
327
00:16:46,266 --> 00:16:48,466
A long plane flight
or change in humidity
328
00:16:48,500 --> 00:16:50,766
can cause the post to shift.
329
00:16:50,800 --> 00:16:52,866
An expert who knows just
how to move it,
330
00:16:52,900 --> 00:16:55,366
sometimes by less
than a millimeter,
331
00:16:55,400 --> 00:16:57,966
can make a very noticeable
difference in the sound.
332
00:17:01,166 --> 00:17:04,100
[ Notes play ]
333
00:17:05,533 --> 00:17:10,266
♪♪
334
00:17:10,300 --> 00:17:12,233
-Over here, a string...
-There are not --
335
00:17:12,266 --> 00:17:14,666
There are very few people
who can do this right.
336
00:17:14,700 --> 00:17:19,666
♪♪
337
00:17:19,700 --> 00:17:22,900
-It's singing more this way.
Yeah.
338
00:17:22,933 --> 00:17:24,666
That's the right place
for me, just...
339
00:17:24,700 --> 00:17:28,833
-Wow. Can I try it?
-Yeah, please.
340
00:17:28,866 --> 00:17:35,833
♪♪
341
00:17:35,866 --> 00:17:42,800
♪♪
342
00:17:42,833 --> 00:17:44,500
-Wow.
-Mm. It's a bit more round.
343
00:17:44,533 --> 00:17:45,833
-Fantastic.
-It's -- It's...
344
00:17:45,866 --> 00:17:48,066
-I don't think this violin
has sounded better.
345
00:17:48,100 --> 00:17:50,166
It's really a great adjustment.
Thank you.
346
00:17:50,200 --> 00:17:52,000
-[ Chuckles ] Yes.
347
00:17:52,033 --> 00:17:55,066
-You know, Igor, when Brahms
was writing his first symphony,
348
00:17:55,100 --> 00:17:57,433
he said that it was
very difficult for him
349
00:17:57,466 --> 00:18:00,333
because Beethoven was
looking over his shoulder.
350
00:18:00,366 --> 00:18:03,500
-Now, you're here in Italy,
and you're making violins.
351
00:18:03,533 --> 00:18:07,233
Is it difficult having
Guarneri del Gesu and Stradivari
352
00:18:07,266 --> 00:18:08,933
looking over your shoulder?
-Of course.
353
00:18:08,966 --> 00:18:12,066
-Do you feel pressure?
-Nobody is able to make today
354
00:18:12,100 --> 00:18:17,300
a violin with such sound
qualities like they could.
355
00:18:17,333 --> 00:18:22,033
Stradivari was born after
five generations
356
00:18:22,066 --> 00:18:24,900
of violin-making tradition
in Cremona.
357
00:18:24,933 --> 00:18:26,133
Okay?
358
00:18:26,166 --> 00:18:28,833
The genius of Stradivarius
was he concentrated
359
00:18:28,866 --> 00:18:34,500
the common experience made
in generations in one man,
360
00:18:34,533 --> 00:18:37,433
but the violin making died
in Italy
361
00:18:37,466 --> 00:18:39,733
in the first years
of the 19th century,
362
00:18:39,766 --> 00:18:45,033
so nobody knows today exactly
what they did in former times,
363
00:18:45,066 --> 00:18:47,866
and if you see here, for
instance, that's interesting --
364
00:18:47,900 --> 00:18:50,233
I show you something.
365
00:18:50,266 --> 00:18:52,433
After everything is finished,
366
00:18:52,466 --> 00:18:57,300
the neck has been fitted
in the box and then varnished,
367
00:18:57,333 --> 00:19:00,233
and the varnish,
that's the real nightmare.
368
00:19:00,266 --> 00:19:02,433
You put a varnish on today
369
00:19:02,466 --> 00:19:05,633
which has been cooked
10 years before
370
00:19:05,666 --> 00:19:08,466
because varnish has to season
like an old wine.
371
00:19:08,500 --> 00:19:10,933
-Varnish before you apply it
has to be seasoned?
372
00:19:10,966 --> 00:19:15,700
-Yes. I use varnish I cooked
20 years ago in '96...
373
00:19:15,733 --> 00:19:18,300
-Oh, my God.
-...when I was younger.
374
00:19:18,333 --> 00:19:23,533
Now, this varnish, when I put it
on a violin today,
375
00:19:23,566 --> 00:19:26,100
maybe I have to wait
another 10 or 20 years
376
00:19:26,133 --> 00:19:28,466
to say if this varnish
is good or not.
377
00:19:28,500 --> 00:19:32,900
Hmm? That means this time lag
is 30, 40 years.
378
00:19:32,933 --> 00:19:35,166
-Wow.
-A life is not enough
379
00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:38,033
to become
a good violin maker, no way.
380
00:19:38,066 --> 00:19:39,433
-Right.
-Yeah.
381
00:19:39,466 --> 00:19:45,966
Maybe if all my knowledge,
my researches, could be given
382
00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:50,066
in one step
to a young violin maker,
383
00:19:50,100 --> 00:19:53,166
he will maybe reach
to a higher level
384
00:19:53,200 --> 00:19:56,166
than I could
during a whole lifetime.
385
00:19:56,200 --> 00:19:58,066
You see? Could be.
386
00:19:58,100 --> 00:20:00,166
♪♪
387
00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:02,700
-The transfer of knowledge
from master to apprentice
388
00:20:02,733 --> 00:20:04,433
over generations
389
00:20:04,466 --> 00:20:08,700
is what made Stradivari great
and how Igor learned his craft,
390
00:20:08,733 --> 00:20:12,933
but that system mostly died
when Napoleon invaded Italy.
391
00:20:12,966 --> 00:20:15,133
In Stradivari's hometown
of Cremona,
392
00:20:15,166 --> 00:20:17,000
they're trying to rebuild it.
393
00:20:17,033 --> 00:20:19,666
There are now
200 violin makers here.
394
00:20:19,700 --> 00:20:23,266
Many came from other countries
to learn and never left.
395
00:20:23,300 --> 00:20:27,433
Brad and I were here
to play their violins.
396
00:20:27,466 --> 00:20:30,900
I've played new fiddles
from Washington state
397
00:20:30,933 --> 00:20:33,033
and Michigan and New York,
398
00:20:33,066 --> 00:20:34,800
but I've never actually
gotten to play
399
00:20:34,833 --> 00:20:36,400
a new fiddle from Cremona.
400
00:20:36,433 --> 00:20:37,500
This is kind of exciting.
401
00:20:37,533 --> 00:20:39,200
-Oh, very exciting.
402
00:20:39,233 --> 00:20:44,566
♪♪
403
00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:47,633
[ Scraping ]
404
00:20:47,666 --> 00:20:50,433
[ Scraping continues ]
405
00:20:50,466 --> 00:20:57,200
♪♪
406
00:20:57,233 --> 00:21:04,066
♪♪
407
00:21:04,100 --> 00:21:07,200
-I have one of these,
but it's for working on my car.
408
00:21:07,233 --> 00:21:09,900
-Yes?
-[ Laughing ] Yeah.
409
00:21:09,933 --> 00:21:14,700
How many weeks away is she away
from having a finished violin?
410
00:21:14,733 --> 00:21:19,366
[ Both speaking Italian ]
411
00:21:19,400 --> 00:21:21,033
-Two weeks.
-Two. Two.
412
00:21:21,066 --> 00:21:23,133
-Mm.
-It's a lot of work.
413
00:21:23,166 --> 00:21:31,933
♪♪
414
00:21:31,966 --> 00:21:40,766
♪♪
415
00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:49,566
♪♪
416
00:21:49,600 --> 00:21:58,400
♪♪
417
00:21:58,433 --> 00:22:01,000
All these makers were
once apprentices
418
00:22:01,033 --> 00:22:02,433
training with masters.
419
00:22:02,466 --> 00:22:05,533
They're now the third generation
since the violin-building school
420
00:22:05,566 --> 00:22:08,433
was reborn here in the 1930s.
421
00:22:08,466 --> 00:22:15,000
♪♪
422
00:22:15,033 --> 00:22:17,400
Where did you get all this wood?
423
00:22:17,433 --> 00:22:21,333
-Some parts --
I went to Northern Italy
424
00:22:21,366 --> 00:22:23,433
to get this spruce
425
00:22:23,466 --> 00:22:25,766
because it's the best one
of the world.
426
00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:27,266
-Northern Italy's spruce
is the best?
427
00:22:27,300 --> 00:22:30,833
-Yeah, yeah, and in the city,
I can get everything I want.
428
00:22:30,866 --> 00:22:32,666
-May I touch this?
-Yeah, yeah.
429
00:22:32,700 --> 00:22:37,033
-So this piece here is 1980.
-Yeah, yeah.
430
00:22:37,066 --> 00:22:38,566
-This is spruce from 1980.
431
00:22:38,600 --> 00:22:40,766
-Yeah, about
40 years old already.
432
00:22:40,800 --> 00:22:42,266
-It's amazing.
-Yes.
433
00:22:42,300 --> 00:22:45,466
-So will you make a violin
out of this at some point?
434
00:22:45,500 --> 00:22:49,300
-Yeah, next violin,
I will use this piece.
435
00:22:49,333 --> 00:22:50,833
-Uh-huh.
-And then here,
436
00:22:50,866 --> 00:22:54,400
the maple like this,
437
00:22:54,433 --> 00:22:59,900
I find them in 2015,
but it was already 30 years old.
438
00:22:59,933 --> 00:23:03,033
-Wow, that's really impressive.
439
00:23:03,066 --> 00:23:10,466
♪♪
440
00:23:10,500 --> 00:23:17,866
♪♪
441
00:23:17,900 --> 00:23:20,633
Luca Salvadori is recognized
as one of the best makers
442
00:23:20,666 --> 00:23:22,233
in Cremona.
443
00:23:22,266 --> 00:23:28,133
♪♪
444
00:23:28,166 --> 00:23:34,033
♪♪
445
00:23:34,066 --> 00:23:36,566
That sound is just fabulous.
446
00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:38,233
I mean, it feels like
an old instrument.
447
00:23:38,266 --> 00:23:40,033
-Thank you.
-How did you do that?
448
00:23:40,066 --> 00:23:41,700
-[ Laughs ]
-[ Chuckles ]
449
00:23:41,733 --> 00:23:43,900
-Many things.
[ Both laugh ]
450
00:23:43,933 --> 00:23:45,400
-Did you learn that here
in Cremona?
451
00:23:45,433 --> 00:23:47,166
-Yeah.
-Uh-huh.
452
00:23:47,200 --> 00:23:51,500
It's extraordinary,
but this is very special.
453
00:23:51,533 --> 00:23:54,566
♪♪
454
00:23:54,600 --> 00:23:56,166
How much is this instrument?
455
00:23:56,200 --> 00:23:57,633
-The price?
-Yes.
456
00:23:57,666 --> 00:23:59,533
-30,000 Euro.
-Okay.
457
00:23:59,566 --> 00:24:01,533
-13, tredici?
-No, not 13.
458
00:24:01,566 --> 00:24:02,566
-Trenta?
-Trenta.
459
00:24:02,600 --> 00:24:03,800
-Trenta?
-Si, signore.
460
00:24:03,833 --> 00:24:05,766
♪♪
461
00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:08,000
-If you want something good,
you have to pay.
462
00:24:12,100 --> 00:24:15,000
My last stop was
a husband-and-wife team.
463
00:24:15,033 --> 00:24:18,100
He's from Mexico
and specializes in cellos.
464
00:24:18,133 --> 00:24:21,466
She's from Switzerland
and is known for violins.
465
00:24:21,500 --> 00:24:23,300
[ Scraping ]
466
00:24:29,566 --> 00:24:31,733
It's difficult.
It's -- It's -- It's --
467
00:24:31,766 --> 00:24:35,100
You have to use a lot of force.
468
00:24:35,133 --> 00:24:37,866
-You have to find
the right angle.
469
00:24:37,900 --> 00:24:38,933
-The right angle, right.
470
00:24:38,966 --> 00:24:39,966
-Yes.
471
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:41,533
[ Scraping lightly ]
472
00:24:41,566 --> 00:24:42,933
-Okay.
473
00:24:42,966 --> 00:24:44,766
[ Laughs ]
474
00:24:44,800 --> 00:24:48,533
These are probably similar tools
to what Stradivari used
475
00:24:48,566 --> 00:24:49,933
when he was making violins.
476
00:24:49,966 --> 00:24:51,000
-Yes.
-It's not that much
477
00:24:51,033 --> 00:24:52,466
different, right?
-No, not much.
478
00:24:52,500 --> 00:24:53,700
-No.
-No.
479
00:24:53,733 --> 00:24:56,333
-Are made better, but are
the same kind of tools,
480
00:24:56,366 --> 00:24:59,600
the gouge, the chisels, knives.
481
00:24:59,633 --> 00:25:03,866
-One thing that Stradivari
has on you is just time.
482
00:25:03,900 --> 00:25:04,900
-Yes.
483
00:25:04,933 --> 00:25:09,100
-He has 250 years
of an advantage.
484
00:25:09,133 --> 00:25:10,600
-Yes.
-Yeah.
485
00:25:10,633 --> 00:25:12,966
These are all
high-level builders,
486
00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:15,066
but are any of them
the next Stradivari?
487
00:25:15,100 --> 00:25:17,066
We'll know in 40 years
488
00:25:17,100 --> 00:25:19,533
once their violins have had time
to mature.
489
00:25:19,566 --> 00:25:20,866
If not them,
490
00:25:20,900 --> 00:25:24,433
maybe their students
or their students' students.
491
00:25:24,466 --> 00:25:27,166
For now, I wanted to play
the same Vivaldi movement
492
00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:31,033
on the four different violins
that I tried.
493
00:25:31,066 --> 00:25:40,566
♪♪
494
00:25:40,600 --> 00:25:50,100
♪♪
495
00:25:50,133 --> 00:25:59,666
♪♪
496
00:25:59,700 --> 00:26:09,266
♪♪
497
00:26:09,300 --> 00:26:18,800
♪♪
498
00:26:18,833 --> 00:26:28,333
♪♪
499
00:26:28,366 --> 00:26:37,866
♪♪
500
00:26:37,900 --> 00:26:47,400
♪♪
501
00:26:47,433 --> 00:26:56,966
♪♪
502
00:26:57,000 --> 00:27:06,566
♪♪
503
00:27:06,600 --> 00:27:16,133
♪♪
504
00:27:17,066 --> 00:27:18,566
[ Bell tolling ]
505
00:27:18,600 --> 00:27:22,566
[ Choir singing ]
506
00:27:22,600 --> 00:27:29,533
♪♪
507
00:27:29,566 --> 00:27:32,566
If Stradivari had built
and Vivaldi had played,
508
00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:34,300
say, the oboe,
509
00:27:34,333 --> 00:27:37,166
orchestras today
might look very different.
510
00:27:37,200 --> 00:27:39,900
Instead, together,
they made the violin
511
00:27:39,933 --> 00:27:42,366
the leading instrument
of classical music
512
00:27:42,400 --> 00:27:46,100
and changed the direction
of music forever.
513
00:27:46,133 --> 00:27:48,566
The violin has always been
a part of my life.
514
00:27:48,600 --> 00:27:50,700
I started playing when I was 3,
515
00:27:50,733 --> 00:27:52,466
so it's easy even for me
to forget
516
00:27:52,500 --> 00:27:55,266
that it didn't always exist.
517
00:27:55,300 --> 00:28:04,333
♪♪
518
00:28:04,366 --> 00:28:13,300
♪♪
519
00:28:13,333 --> 00:28:16,933
Before Stradivari,
instruments were more primitive,
520
00:28:16,966 --> 00:28:20,900
and the human voice was still
the most capable of them all.
521
00:28:20,933 --> 00:28:28,233
♪♪
522
00:28:28,266 --> 00:28:35,533
♪♪
523
00:28:35,566 --> 00:28:37,333
In the medieval town of Siena,
524
00:28:37,366 --> 00:28:39,600
I was headed
to the Accademia Chigiana,
525
00:28:39,633 --> 00:28:44,033
the most celebrated music
conservatory in all of Italy.
526
00:28:44,066 --> 00:28:45,966
I was here to listen
to the early music
527
00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:49,766
that Vivaldi must have heard
and been influenced by.
528
00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:53,033
[ Choir singing ]
529
00:28:53,066 --> 00:28:55,066
♪♪
530
00:28:55,100 --> 00:28:57,200
Joining me
was the famous countertenor
531
00:28:57,233 --> 00:28:58,833
Alessandro Carmignani,
532
00:28:58,866 --> 00:29:01,233
along with Antonio Artese,
533
00:29:01,266 --> 00:29:03,933
the musicologist
and jazz pianist.
534
00:29:03,966 --> 00:29:09,200
♪♪
535
00:29:09,233 --> 00:29:14,933
♪♪
536
00:29:14,966 --> 00:29:17,633
-Bravo, that was great.
[ Applause ]
537
00:29:17,666 --> 00:29:19,066
Bravo.
538
00:29:19,100 --> 00:29:21,933
[ Applause continues ]
539
00:29:21,966 --> 00:29:23,966
[ Note plays ]
540
00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:26,533
-Mm.
541
00:29:26,566 --> 00:29:33,566
♪♪
542
00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:35,866
-This instrument,
the hurdy-gurdy,
543
00:29:35,900 --> 00:29:39,133
is part early violin,
part early keyboard,
544
00:29:39,166 --> 00:29:42,066
and part alley cat.
545
00:29:42,100 --> 00:29:45,400
I think we can all be happy that
something better came along.
546
00:29:45,433 --> 00:29:53,900
♪♪
547
00:29:53,933 --> 00:29:58,333
[ Conversing
in foreign language ]
548
00:29:58,366 --> 00:30:00,700
[ Rhythmic percussion plays ]
549
00:30:03,233 --> 00:30:05,500
[ Rhythmic percussion
continues ]
550
00:30:07,366 --> 00:30:10,866
-[ Singing in Italian ]
551
00:30:10,900 --> 00:30:20,533
♪♪
552
00:30:20,566 --> 00:30:30,200
♪♪
553
00:30:30,233 --> 00:30:39,866
♪♪
554
00:30:39,900 --> 00:30:49,533
♪♪
555
00:30:49,566 --> 00:30:59,200
♪♪
556
00:30:59,233 --> 00:31:08,933
♪♪
557
00:31:08,966 --> 00:31:11,766
-Antonio was going to walk me
through the transition
558
00:31:11,800 --> 00:31:16,700
from early music to Vivaldi
and onward, all the way to jazz.
559
00:31:16,733 --> 00:31:24,133
♪♪
560
00:31:24,166 --> 00:31:31,600
♪♪
561
00:31:31,633 --> 00:31:39,066
♪♪
562
00:31:40,933 --> 00:31:43,833
Antonio Artese, thank you
so much for being here with me.
563
00:31:43,866 --> 00:31:45,500
-Thank you.
-It's really great...
564
00:31:45,533 --> 00:31:48,000
I mean, this is just
a gorgeous room.
565
00:31:48,033 --> 00:31:50,500
-Absolutely. And a gorgeous...
-You like this piano?
566
00:31:50,533 --> 00:31:51,866
-What's the story
behind this piano?
567
00:31:51,900 --> 00:31:53,366
-You know what this piano is?
568
00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:56,333
Well, I can play some hint,
a musical hint for you.
569
00:31:56,366 --> 00:32:00,400
[ Soft piano music plays ]
570
00:32:00,433 --> 00:32:03,166
♪♪
571
00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:04,733
-Are you kidding?
-Yeah.
572
00:32:04,766 --> 00:32:07,066
-This is Liszt's piano?
-That's Liszt's piano.
573
00:32:07,100 --> 00:32:08,866
-Holy [bleep].
574
00:32:08,900 --> 00:32:11,900
Oh, oops. I'm sorry.
[ Laughter ]
575
00:32:11,933 --> 00:32:13,300
-All right.
576
00:32:13,333 --> 00:32:16,666
-Antonio, you took us all
the way to 20th-century jazz,
577
00:32:16,700 --> 00:32:18,066
which just blows my mind,
578
00:32:18,100 --> 00:32:20,800
but how do we get
from Renaissance music
579
00:32:20,833 --> 00:32:22,100
to the baroque?
580
00:32:22,133 --> 00:32:26,833
Was it the improvement
in technology of instruments
581
00:32:26,866 --> 00:32:30,166
that led composers to write
more instrumental music,
582
00:32:30,200 --> 00:32:33,800
or did the interest
in instrumental music
583
00:32:33,833 --> 00:32:37,600
force makers like Stradivari
and Guarneri del Gesu
584
00:32:37,633 --> 00:32:40,133
to make better instruments?
What came first?
585
00:32:40,166 --> 00:32:42,066
-Well, it happened that,
you know, first of all,
586
00:32:42,100 --> 00:32:44,333
I mean, the instruments
were a little more...
587
00:32:44,366 --> 00:32:48,066
The technology came, you know,
and helped us, you know,
588
00:32:48,100 --> 00:32:50,400
so I think that
the technology evolved,
589
00:32:50,433 --> 00:32:51,666
the instruments evolve,
590
00:32:51,700 --> 00:32:54,766
and the capacity
and the invention
591
00:32:54,800 --> 00:32:58,500
and the visions of the composers
merged into that kind of,
592
00:32:58,533 --> 00:33:01,166
you know, ability that
the instruments have.
593
00:33:01,200 --> 00:33:05,866
-What you're saying is that,
I mean [sighs]
594
00:33:05,900 --> 00:33:09,733
guys like
the Amati family, Stradivari,
595
00:33:09,766 --> 00:33:11,533
they're making
these great instruments,
596
00:33:11,566 --> 00:33:14,800
and they're inspiring
in some ways people like Vivaldi
597
00:33:14,833 --> 00:33:17,400
and other baroque composers
to write instrumental music...
598
00:33:17,433 --> 00:33:18,400
-Absolutely.
599
00:33:18,433 --> 00:33:19,566
-...because the technology
is there.
600
00:33:19,600 --> 00:33:20,900
-Absolutely.
Because they sound good,
601
00:33:20,933 --> 00:33:22,866
and the technology was...
-Because they sound good.
602
00:33:22,900 --> 00:33:25,833
-Yeah, and then they were able
to envision the sound.
603
00:33:25,866 --> 00:33:30,266
They were able to envision --
You know, Vivaldi is so visual.
604
00:33:30,300 --> 00:33:32,933
It's like a, you know,
constant soundtrack...
605
00:33:32,966 --> 00:33:35,066
-Right.
-...if we look at it, you know?
606
00:33:35,100 --> 00:33:37,433
He looks...
I mean, he was in this world,
607
00:33:37,466 --> 00:33:40,266
and everything was
so natural to him.
608
00:33:40,300 --> 00:33:44,766
We don't have, you know,
the mental depth
609
00:33:44,800 --> 00:33:48,433
of the counterpoint
that Bach elaborated.
610
00:33:48,466 --> 00:33:50,966
Bach was very fond
of Vivaldi, obviously.
611
00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:54,500
I think the genius of Vivaldi
is in taking a melody
612
00:33:54,533 --> 00:33:59,300
and very fresh, very inventive,
with an incredible amount
613
00:33:59,333 --> 00:34:02,733
of variations
and giving us the freshness,
614
00:34:02,766 --> 00:34:06,566
I mean,
to kind of approach it...
615
00:34:06,600 --> 00:34:09,266
Allows us to enjoy the music.
616
00:34:09,300 --> 00:34:12,400
Okay, so here's the Vivaldi
melody "La Follia."
617
00:34:12,433 --> 00:34:17,000
The Sonata number one,
opus one, number 12.
618
00:34:17,033 --> 00:34:25,666
♪♪
619
00:34:25,700 --> 00:34:27,833
-But what if Bach wrote that?
620
00:34:27,866 --> 00:34:30,633
What would that sound like?
-Oh, it'd sound like this.
621
00:34:30,666 --> 00:34:38,200
♪♪
622
00:34:38,233 --> 00:34:45,766
♪♪
623
00:34:45,800 --> 00:34:53,333
♪♪
624
00:34:53,366 --> 00:34:55,333
-Did you just make that up
on the spot?
625
00:34:55,366 --> 00:34:57,833
-Oh, yeah. That's totally
an improvisation from me.
626
00:34:57,866 --> 00:34:59,366
-[ Laughs ] Good for you.
627
00:34:59,400 --> 00:35:01,166
I wish I had
that kind of a mind.
628
00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:02,366
-Thank you.
629
00:35:02,400 --> 00:35:04,966
-So obviously Bach had
a huge influence on...
630
00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:06,833
-On anyone.
-...Mozart.
631
00:35:06,866 --> 00:35:08,033
-Yeah.
-He had an influence
632
00:35:08,066 --> 00:35:09,900
on Beethoven and Brahms,
633
00:35:09,933 --> 00:35:12,833
Mendelssohn, Schumann,
634
00:35:12,866 --> 00:35:14,900
so there kind of is a link
635
00:35:14,933 --> 00:35:17,000
from Vivaldi
to all of those composers.
636
00:35:17,033 --> 00:35:18,766
-Yeah, I mean, you know,
obviously,
637
00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:20,766
I compare this to the DNA.
638
00:35:20,800 --> 00:35:23,733
You know, you have a cell of DNA
you bring always with you --
639
00:35:23,766 --> 00:35:25,666
with your change,
I mean, obviously,
640
00:35:25,700 --> 00:35:28,400
I mean,
you morph into something else,
641
00:35:28,433 --> 00:35:32,966
but you still keep the kind of
original freshness and pattern
642
00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:34,266
that characterize
your inner thing,
643
00:35:34,300 --> 00:35:35,566
so, for instance,
644
00:35:35,600 --> 00:35:39,000
this theme can be interpreted
in a different way,
645
00:35:39,033 --> 00:35:42,433
so let's say that Mozart
was writing, you know,
646
00:35:42,466 --> 00:35:45,833
was maybe a variation on them.
647
00:35:45,866 --> 00:35:53,566
♪♪
648
00:35:53,600 --> 00:36:01,333
♪♪
649
00:36:01,366 --> 00:36:02,600
-Beautiful.
650
00:36:02,633 --> 00:36:04,366
What about Beethoven?
651
00:36:04,400 --> 00:36:06,833
-Ah, that's a difficult one.
-[ Laughs ]
652
00:36:06,866 --> 00:36:15,533
♪♪
653
00:36:15,566 --> 00:36:24,200
♪♪
654
00:36:24,233 --> 00:36:32,900
♪♪
655
00:36:32,933 --> 00:36:35,133
-How many composers
do you have in you?
656
00:36:35,166 --> 00:36:36,466
-Oh. [ Chuckles ]
I don't know,
657
00:36:36,500 --> 00:36:39,200
but we can try
some Romantic stuff.
658
00:36:39,233 --> 00:36:44,400
♪♪
659
00:36:44,433 --> 00:36:47,366
-[ Laughs ]
660
00:36:47,400 --> 00:36:53,000
♪♪
661
00:36:53,033 --> 00:37:00,000
♪♪
662
00:37:00,033 --> 00:37:02,666
Okay. If we skip over
the 12 tone
663
00:37:02,700 --> 00:37:07,100
and the Second Viennese School
[laughs]
664
00:37:07,133 --> 00:37:10,000
what about like someone
like Bill Evans?
665
00:37:10,033 --> 00:37:11,366
♪♪
666
00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:13,766
[ Laughs ]
667
00:37:13,800 --> 00:37:22,133
♪♪
668
00:37:22,166 --> 00:37:30,500
♪♪
669
00:37:30,533 --> 00:37:38,866
♪♪
670
00:37:38,900 --> 00:37:40,866
So, Vivaldi inspired Bach,
671
00:37:40,900 --> 00:37:44,166
who inspired everyone
after that.
672
00:37:44,200 --> 00:37:48,433
Maybe this is why Vivaldi sounds
so good to us to this day.
673
00:37:48,466 --> 00:37:50,533
He's always been with us
in other music,
674
00:37:50,566 --> 00:37:55,033
and I think we can recognize it
whenever we hear him,
675
00:37:55,066 --> 00:37:57,033
but we almost didn't hear him.
676
00:37:57,066 --> 00:37:58,800
♪♪
677
00:37:58,833 --> 00:38:01,766
100 years ago,
Vivaldi was all but forgotten
678
00:38:01,800 --> 00:38:05,366
because most of his music
had been lost.
679
00:38:05,400 --> 00:38:07,300
Then, one day, in 1926,
680
00:38:07,333 --> 00:38:10,366
a priest brought a box
to the Turin Library.
681
00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:14,033
In it was the greatest musical
discovery of the 20th century.
682
00:38:14,066 --> 00:38:16,600
♪♪
683
00:38:16,633 --> 00:38:18,500
-Hey, Scott.
-Hey, Brad. How are you doing?
684
00:38:18,533 --> 00:38:20,166
-We have something to show you.
685
00:38:20,200 --> 00:38:21,400
-Oh, I can't wait.
-Hi. Ana.
686
00:38:21,433 --> 00:38:22,500
-Ana.
-Benvenuto.
687
00:38:22,533 --> 00:38:25,300
-Franca. Benvenuto.
-Franca.
688
00:38:25,333 --> 00:38:26,900
-Franco.
-Franco.
689
00:38:26,933 --> 00:38:29,700
-Scott, Ana, and Franca
690
00:38:29,733 --> 00:38:32,400
are the curators
of this collection.
691
00:38:32,433 --> 00:38:33,600
-Okay.
-They're responsible
692
00:38:33,633 --> 00:38:35,833
for all of Vivaldi's
manuscripts.
693
00:38:35,866 --> 00:38:37,000
-Oh.
694
00:38:37,033 --> 00:38:41,700
-And 92%
of Vivaldi's manuscripts
695
00:38:41,733 --> 00:38:43,033
are in this room.
696
00:38:43,066 --> 00:38:45,900
-92%?
-92%.
697
00:38:45,933 --> 00:38:48,866
-92% of Vivaldi's music
is in this room?
698
00:38:48,900 --> 00:38:50,300
-Maybe more than 92%.
699
00:38:50,333 --> 00:38:52,666
-Oh, my God.
-Yes.
700
00:38:52,700 --> 00:38:54,100
-Oh, my God.
701
00:38:54,133 --> 00:38:55,900
Franca, what are you
showing me here?
702
00:38:55,933 --> 00:39:00,033
-"Il Giustino."
-What?
703
00:39:00,066 --> 00:39:02,100
I thought that Vivaldi's
"Four Seasons"
704
00:39:02,133 --> 00:39:03,866
didn't have a manuscript.
705
00:39:03,900 --> 00:39:06,500
-Yeah, the manuscript of
"The Four Seasons" is lost.
706
00:39:06,533 --> 00:39:08,133
-Okay.
-But if you see...
707
00:39:08,166 --> 00:39:09,533
-Oh, this is
a little different.
708
00:39:09,566 --> 00:39:13,366
-Yes, because he uses
in the "Giustino" and opera...
709
00:39:13,400 --> 00:39:15,666
-Uh-huh.
-...the beginning of the spring.
710
00:39:15,700 --> 00:39:19,200
-Oh, wait. Let me try this.
I want to try this a little bit.
711
00:39:19,233 --> 00:39:21,000
Wow.
712
00:39:21,033 --> 00:39:28,533
♪♪
713
00:39:28,566 --> 00:39:36,033
♪♪
714
00:39:36,066 --> 00:39:37,233
Oh, it's different.
715
00:39:37,266 --> 00:39:39,233
[ Laughter ]
716
00:39:39,266 --> 00:39:47,200
♪♪
717
00:39:47,233 --> 00:39:55,133
♪♪
718
00:39:55,166 --> 00:39:58,466
That's amazing. That's amazing.
That's great.
719
00:39:58,500 --> 00:40:00,233
It's beautiful.
720
00:40:00,266 --> 00:40:02,200
It's...
721
00:40:02,233 --> 00:40:05,333
It's -- I get the chills
722
00:40:05,366 --> 00:40:10,633
playing Vivaldi's music
reading Vivaldi's handwriting.
723
00:40:10,666 --> 00:40:12,066
That's amazing.
724
00:40:12,100 --> 00:40:13,800
The discovery
of these manuscripts,
725
00:40:13,833 --> 00:40:16,933
over 90%
of Vivaldi's life's work,
726
00:40:16,966 --> 00:40:19,800
made him the household name
you know today.
727
00:40:19,833 --> 00:40:22,000
It included dozens of operas.
728
00:40:22,033 --> 00:40:24,600
Vivaldi's operas sometimes
borrowed melodies
729
00:40:24,633 --> 00:40:26,366
from his other music.
730
00:40:26,400 --> 00:40:28,000
Are there other things
I can see here?
731
00:40:28,033 --> 00:40:29,733
Are there violin concertos,
for example?
732
00:40:29,766 --> 00:40:31,400
-Yes. Do you like "L'Amoroso"?
733
00:40:31,433 --> 00:40:33,166
-Oh, that's my favorite one.
734
00:40:33,200 --> 00:40:34,600
[ Laughter ]
735
00:40:34,633 --> 00:40:44,433
♪♪
736
00:40:44,466 --> 00:40:46,533
[ Conversation in Italian ]
737
00:40:46,566 --> 00:40:49,833
-When I was 4 years old, I used
to climb up my parents' dresser
738
00:40:49,866 --> 00:40:52,533
to play their record
of "L'Amoroso,"
739
00:40:52,566 --> 00:40:54,933
the love concerto.
740
00:40:54,966 --> 00:40:58,266
They weren't musicians,
but they loved music.
741
00:40:58,300 --> 00:40:59,933
More than "The Four Seasons,"
742
00:40:59,966 --> 00:41:04,200
it's the piece from Vivaldi
that I've loved most.
743
00:41:04,233 --> 00:41:13,700
♪♪
744
00:41:13,733 --> 00:41:23,233
♪♪
745
00:41:23,266 --> 00:41:32,733
♪♪
746
00:41:32,766 --> 00:41:34,333
Wow.
747
00:41:34,366 --> 00:41:36,733
♪♪
748
00:41:36,766 --> 00:41:38,800
When the priest brought
this collection to Turin,
749
00:41:38,833 --> 00:41:41,166
it had been donated
to his church,
750
00:41:41,200 --> 00:41:43,966
and he had no idea
of what it was.
751
00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:46,066
Luckily, the library did.
752
00:41:54,233 --> 00:41:55,333
Raise money for his church.
-Yes.
753
00:41:55,366 --> 00:41:56,500
-Sure.
754
00:42:01,266 --> 00:42:03,966
-Mm-hmm.
-Great.
755
00:42:04,000 --> 00:42:07,000
-Importance...
to keep them together.
756
00:42:11,100 --> 00:42:13,266
-So, in the case
of this collection,
757
00:42:13,300 --> 00:42:15,266
if it were a different priest,
758
00:42:15,300 --> 00:42:17,166
we may not be looking
at these books right now.
759
00:42:17,200 --> 00:42:18,300
-Yes, yes.
760
00:42:18,333 --> 00:42:22,066
-[ Speaking Italian ]
761
00:42:22,100 --> 00:42:25,166
-I kind of understand.
-They consider their library
762
00:42:25,200 --> 00:42:28,400
as sort of the new home
of Vivaldi.
763
00:42:28,433 --> 00:42:31,333
-Well, you are the guardian
of Vivaldi's music.
764
00:42:31,366 --> 00:42:32,833
-Yes.
765
00:42:32,866 --> 00:42:35,700
-If the priest had sold
this collection to music dealers
766
00:42:35,733 --> 00:42:37,266
as he planned,
767
00:42:37,300 --> 00:42:40,300
they would have divided it and
sold it to private collectors,
768
00:42:40,333 --> 00:42:43,166
and Vivaldi's music,
like "L'Amoroso,"
769
00:42:43,200 --> 00:42:45,400
may never have been discovered.
770
00:42:45,433 --> 00:42:50,533
♪♪
771
00:42:50,566 --> 00:42:55,733
♪♪
772
00:42:56,800 --> 00:42:58,300
♪♪
773
00:42:58,333 --> 00:42:59,933
[ Vehicle approaching ]
774
00:42:59,966 --> 00:43:06,200
♪♪
775
00:43:06,233 --> 00:43:12,366
♪♪
776
00:43:12,400 --> 00:43:16,433
In nearby Bergamo, Igor found me
a Stradivari violin to play.
777
00:43:16,466 --> 00:43:18,400
It's owned by a Swiss bank
778
00:43:18,433 --> 00:43:23,400
and is now for sale
for $15 million.
779
00:43:23,433 --> 00:43:25,800
The mayor wanted to bring it
to me himself
780
00:43:25,833 --> 00:43:29,066
to play
at the Church of San Pietro.
781
00:43:29,100 --> 00:43:37,500
♪♪
782
00:43:37,533 --> 00:43:45,933
♪♪
783
00:43:45,966 --> 00:43:54,366
♪♪
784
00:43:54,400 --> 00:43:56,300
Signore, buon giorno.
785
00:43:56,333 --> 00:44:03,266
♪♪
786
00:44:03,300 --> 00:44:10,166
♪♪
787
00:44:10,200 --> 00:44:17,066
♪♪
788
00:44:17,100 --> 00:44:18,900
-Looks very nice, huh?
-Yeah, looks...
789
00:44:18,933 --> 00:44:20,500
-In very, very good
condition, too, no?
790
00:44:20,533 --> 00:44:22,433
-Well preserved.
-Yeah.
791
00:44:22,466 --> 00:44:25,933
♪♪
792
00:44:25,966 --> 00:44:27,800
Let's try if it works and...
793
00:44:27,833 --> 00:44:32,800
♪♪
794
00:44:32,833 --> 00:44:33,833
Good.
-Feels good?
795
00:44:33,866 --> 00:44:34,866
-Yeah.
796
00:44:36,600 --> 00:44:37,600
♪♪
797
00:44:37,633 --> 00:44:38,833
-Mm.
798
00:44:38,866 --> 00:44:46,166
♪♪
799
00:44:46,200 --> 00:44:53,466
♪♪
800
00:44:53,500 --> 00:45:00,866
♪♪
801
00:45:00,900 --> 00:45:02,300
That's...
-That's...
802
00:45:02,333 --> 00:45:04,100
-There's nothing like a Strad.
803
00:45:04,133 --> 00:45:06,800
-You hear the quality
of this incredible violin.
804
00:45:06,833 --> 00:45:08,600
-They don't make them like this
anymore, do they?
805
00:45:08,633 --> 00:45:10,566
-No, no way.
806
00:45:10,600 --> 00:45:12,466
Genius is genius.
807
00:45:12,500 --> 00:45:14,766
-He was the best in 1714.
-Yes.
808
00:45:14,800 --> 00:45:17,433
-He was the best
in 1737, when he died,
809
00:45:17,466 --> 00:45:18,933
and he's still the best.
810
00:45:18,966 --> 00:45:20,733
-And he will stay the best.
811
00:45:20,766 --> 00:45:22,533
-I think I'd like to play
a couple of notes on this.
812
00:45:22,566 --> 00:45:24,400
-Yeah, yeah.
813
00:45:24,433 --> 00:45:27,633
♪♪
814
00:45:29,533 --> 00:45:38,533
♪♪
815
00:45:38,566 --> 00:45:47,600
♪♪
816
00:45:47,633 --> 00:45:56,633
♪♪
817
00:45:56,666 --> 00:46:00,200
-Playing this Vivaldi melody
on a violin like this
818
00:46:00,233 --> 00:46:02,200
in a place like this,
819
00:46:02,233 --> 00:46:03,700
and it hit me again --
820
00:46:03,733 --> 00:46:06,100
Vivaldi was not just a composer.
821
00:46:06,133 --> 00:46:08,433
He was a deeply religious man
822
00:46:08,466 --> 00:46:12,566
elevating his instrument
to touch the divine.
823
00:46:12,600 --> 00:46:15,966
♪♪
824
00:46:16,000 --> 00:46:18,066
[ Wind whooshing ]
825
00:46:18,100 --> 00:46:19,866
My last stop was back to Venice
826
00:46:19,900 --> 00:46:22,300
to better understand
the other side of Vivaldi,
827
00:46:22,333 --> 00:46:23,666
his opera,
828
00:46:23,700 --> 00:46:25,766
with one
of Italy's best sopranos,
829
00:46:25,800 --> 00:46:28,000
Maria Luigia Borsi.
830
00:46:28,033 --> 00:46:30,666
The aria I wanted to play
is from another opera
831
00:46:30,700 --> 00:46:32,433
inspired by "The Four Seasons,"
832
00:46:32,466 --> 00:46:35,333
this time,
the first movement of "Winter."
833
00:46:35,366 --> 00:46:36,766
So, Vivaldi was from Venice.
834
00:46:36,800 --> 00:46:38,333
-Yes, right.
-But he saw this.
835
00:46:38,366 --> 00:46:39,533
He saw that.
-Yes.
836
00:46:39,566 --> 00:46:40,933
-He saw that.
-That's amazing.
837
00:46:40,966 --> 00:46:42,366
Yes.
-It's amazing.
838
00:46:42,400 --> 00:46:44,500
Of course, as a violinist,
I know about,
839
00:46:44,533 --> 00:46:47,200
you know, "The Four Seasons"
and violin concertos,
840
00:46:47,233 --> 00:46:50,333
but how many operas
did he write?
841
00:46:50,366 --> 00:46:54,666
-Vivaldi wrote a lot
of opera, 94 opera.
842
00:46:54,700 --> 00:46:56,233
-That's a lot.
-Yeah, that's a lot --
843
00:46:56,266 --> 00:46:58,000
it's true.
-Wow.
844
00:46:58,033 --> 00:47:03,366
-But they have discovered
just 40, 50...
845
00:47:03,400 --> 00:47:05,466
-So less than half?
-Half, half, just half.
846
00:47:05,500 --> 00:47:06,933
-94 operas?
-Yes.
847
00:47:06,966 --> 00:47:09,133
-And we only know
about 40 of them.
848
00:47:09,166 --> 00:47:14,866
-Yes, just 40,
and one was discovered in 2008.
849
00:47:14,900 --> 00:47:17,633
-Really?
-Yes, and another in 2012.
850
00:47:17,666 --> 00:47:18,933
-Really?
-Yeah.
851
00:47:18,966 --> 00:47:20,666
-So they're finding
these things all the time.
852
00:47:20,700 --> 00:47:21,800
-Yeah.
-That's strange.
853
00:47:21,833 --> 00:47:24,033
We could find one next week.
-Maybe. Yes.
854
00:47:24,066 --> 00:47:27,600
-That's crazy.
And we have 50 more to go.
855
00:47:27,633 --> 00:47:30,000
Hopefully -- Hopefully,
they'll find some of these...
856
00:47:30,033 --> 00:47:31,733
Do you sing
any of them yourself?
857
00:47:31,766 --> 00:47:34,933
-No, not really, not really.
-Do you sing any of the arias?
858
00:47:34,966 --> 00:47:37,400
-Just arias, yes,
some, of course,
859
00:47:37,433 --> 00:47:39,233
I sang some arias from...
860
00:47:39,266 --> 00:47:42,400
-Have you ever sang that really
pretty aria from "Farnace"?
861
00:47:42,433 --> 00:47:43,566
-Yes.
862
00:47:43,600 --> 00:47:44,966
-Would you like
to play it with us?
863
00:47:45,000 --> 00:47:46,566
-Why not?
-Yeah. Let's do it.
864
00:47:46,600 --> 00:47:48,100
-It's a very good -- beautiful.
-It's awesome.
865
00:47:48,133 --> 00:47:50,900
-Oh, so modern.
-What do you mean by modern?
866
00:47:50,933 --> 00:47:54,566
-I think it's very modern
because, mm,
867
00:47:54,600 --> 00:47:55,800
because of the feeling.
868
00:47:55,833 --> 00:47:58,700
-Sort of the pain in the music?
-Yes, the pain...
869
00:47:58,733 --> 00:48:02,200
-The sadness?
-...but also the rebellions.
870
00:48:02,233 --> 00:48:04,433
-Uh-huh.
-I can hear the...
871
00:48:04,466 --> 00:48:07,733
I can feel the rebellion
in this kind of music,
872
00:48:07,766 --> 00:48:09,766
the fire in some way.
873
00:48:09,800 --> 00:48:12,633
That's why I think
it's rock and...
874
00:48:12,666 --> 00:48:13,933
-It's what? It's rock?
875
00:48:13,966 --> 00:48:15,766
-Rock, rock, yes.
-Rock 'n' roll?
876
00:48:15,800 --> 00:48:17,800
-Rock 'n' roll, like Elvis.
-Really?
877
00:48:17,833 --> 00:48:19,800
-Yes.
[ Both laugh ]
878
00:48:19,833 --> 00:48:23,366
Yes, because
you can hear the heart,
879
00:48:23,400 --> 00:48:25,800
the beat of the heart...
880
00:48:25,833 --> 00:48:28,733
-The heart.
-[ Breathing rhythmically ]
881
00:48:28,766 --> 00:48:31,266
-Also, the intensity.
882
00:48:31,300 --> 00:48:34,400
-Well, that sounds like a role
you would typically sing.
883
00:48:34,433 --> 00:48:37,166
-Yes, yes, yeah.
-Well, let's go do it.
884
00:48:37,200 --> 00:48:39,200
-Yes. Let's go.
-Okay. [ Laughs ]
885
00:48:39,233 --> 00:48:47,266
♪♪
886
00:48:47,300 --> 00:48:55,300
♪♪
887
00:48:55,333 --> 00:49:03,433
♪♪
888
00:49:03,466 --> 00:49:06,700
-[ Singing in Italian ]
889
00:49:06,733 --> 00:49:16,466
♪♪
890
00:49:16,500 --> 00:49:26,200
♪♪
891
00:49:26,233 --> 00:49:35,966
♪♪
892
00:49:36,000 --> 00:49:45,700
♪♪
893
00:49:45,733 --> 00:49:55,466
♪♪
894
00:49:55,500 --> 00:50:05,200
♪♪
895
00:50:05,233 --> 00:50:14,966
♪♪
896
00:50:15,000 --> 00:50:24,700
♪♪
897
00:50:24,733 --> 00:50:34,466
♪♪
898
00:50:34,500 --> 00:50:44,200
♪♪
899
00:50:44,233 --> 00:50:53,966
♪♪
900
00:50:54,000 --> 00:51:03,766
♪♪
901
00:51:03,800 --> 00:51:13,533
♪♪
902
00:51:13,566 --> 00:51:16,766
-With this, my understanding
of "The Four Seasons"
903
00:51:16,800 --> 00:51:18,700
snapped into focus.
904
00:51:18,733 --> 00:51:21,766
Its melodies are inspired
by the church,
905
00:51:21,800 --> 00:51:24,800
yet delivered
with opera-like drama.
906
00:51:24,833 --> 00:51:28,800
"The Four Seasons" is Vivaldi's
two opposing musical passions,
907
00:51:28,833 --> 00:51:30,933
the church and the opera,
908
00:51:30,966 --> 00:51:33,633
brought together
by his virtuosity.
909
00:51:33,666 --> 00:51:39,933
It's a sacred instrumental opera
with the violin as the star.
910
00:51:39,966 --> 00:51:44,133
I'm Scott Yoo, and I hope
you can now hear this.
911
00:51:54,366 --> 00:51:57,366
-To order "Now Hear This" on DVD
or the companion CD,
912
00:51:57,400 --> 00:52:00,866
visit shopPBS
or call 1-800-PLAY-PBS.
913
00:52:00,900 --> 00:52:04,133
This program is also available
on Amazon Prime Video.
914
00:52:06,433 --> 00:52:13,400
♪♪
915
00:52:13,433 --> 00:52:20,366
♪♪
916
00:52:20,400 --> 00:52:21,600
To find out more about this
917
00:52:21,633 --> 00:52:23,333
and other "Great Performances"
programs,
918
00:52:23,366 --> 00:52:26,500
visit pbs.org/greatperformances,
919
00:52:26,533 --> 00:52:29,400
find us on Facebook,
and follow us on Twitter.
920
00:52:29,433 --> 00:52:37,433
♪♪
921
00:52:37,466 --> 00:52:45,466
♪♪
922
00:52:46,800 --> 00:52:49,200
-Next time on
"Great Performances,"
923
00:52:49,233 --> 00:52:52,666
come with me to meet the
greatest musician of all time,
924
00:52:52,700 --> 00:52:54,533
Johann Sebastian Bach.
925
00:52:54,566 --> 00:52:55,866
-This is him.
-Definitely.
926
00:52:55,900 --> 00:52:57,133
-His violin music
927
00:52:57,166 --> 00:52:59,266
is some of the most difficult
in existence.
928
00:52:59,300 --> 00:53:01,233
I have to make pretzels
out of my fingers.
929
00:53:01,266 --> 00:53:03,933
To play it, I'll need
to understand his personality.
930
00:53:03,966 --> 00:53:05,066
-This is a riddle.
931
00:53:05,100 --> 00:53:07,300
You need to figure out
what it means.
932
00:53:07,333 --> 00:53:08,700
-What I discover along the way
933
00:53:08,733 --> 00:53:11,633
will change my mind
about Bach forever.
934
00:53:11,666 --> 00:53:13,400
Next time
on "Great Performances,"
935
00:53:13,433 --> 00:53:15,466
another episode
of "Now Hear This."
65766
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