All language subtitles for Now Hear This PBS Series 2 3of3 Becoming Mozart EN

af Afrikaans
ak Akan
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bem Bemba
bn Bengali
bh Bihari
bs Bosnian
br Breton
bg Bulgarian
km Cambodian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
chr Cherokee
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
nl Dutch
en English
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
ee Ewe
fo Faroese
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gaa Ga
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
el Greek
gn Guarani
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ia Interlingua
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
rw Kinyarwanda
rn Kirundi
kg Kongo
ko Korean
kri Krio (Sierra Leone)
ku Kurdish
ckb Kurdish (Soranî)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Laothian
la Latin
lv Latvian
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
loz Lozi
lg Luganda
ach Luo
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mfe Mauritian Creole
mo Moldavian
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
sr-ME Montenegrin
ne Nepali
pcm Nigerian Pidgin
nso Northern Sotho
no Norwegian
nn Norwegian (Nynorsk)
oc Occitan
or Oriya
om Oromo
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt-BR Portuguese (Brazil)
pt Portuguese (Portugal)
pa Punjabi
qu Quechua
ro Romanian
rm Romansh
nyn Runyakitara
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
sh Serbo-Croatian
st Sesotho
tn Setswana
crs Seychellois Creole
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhalese
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish
es-419 Spanish (Latin American)
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
tt Tatar
te Telugu
th Thai
ti Tigrinya
to Tonga
lua Tshiluba
tum Tumbuka
tr Turkish Download
tk Turkmen
tw Twi
ug Uighur
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
wo Wolof
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,966 --> 00:00:06,800 ♪♪ 2 00:00:06,833 --> 00:00:08,166 -I'm Scott Yoo. 3 00:00:08,200 --> 00:00:10,333 Next on "Great Performances," 4 00:00:10,366 --> 00:00:13,433 the great Canadian pianist Stewart Goodyear will join me 5 00:00:13,466 --> 00:00:16,200 to try to do what no living pianist has done. 6 00:00:16,233 --> 00:00:18,966 ♪♪ 7 00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:21,966 These are masterpieces. -One after the other. 8 00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:25,933 -He'll play one of Mozart's most famous piano concertos... 9 00:00:25,966 --> 00:00:27,333 You know the piano part. 10 00:00:27,366 --> 00:00:30,700 How well do you know the orchestra part? 11 00:00:30,733 --> 00:00:32,700 ...while conducting it... 12 00:00:32,733 --> 00:00:34,833 and improvising the solos... 13 00:00:34,866 --> 00:00:37,433 Each one of those today is a full-time job. 14 00:00:37,466 --> 00:00:40,833 ...lust like Mozart would have done. 15 00:00:40,866 --> 00:00:43,233 This is not relaxed. This  is. 16 00:00:43,266 --> 00:00:47,500 This is not bone and skin. It's spaghetti. 17 00:00:47,533 --> 00:00:48,933 Late! 18 00:00:48,966 --> 00:00:51,233 They need a conductor 19 00:00:51,266 --> 00:00:54,566 to sit there and go, "Boom!" 20 00:00:54,600 --> 00:00:57,133 As he trains and rehearses for this incredible feat... 21 00:00:57,166 --> 00:00:59,666 One of your jobs is to become inspired. 22 00:00:59,700 --> 00:01:03,233 -Every artist has their own point of view. 23 00:01:03,266 --> 00:01:05,133 -...we'll both gain a deeper appreciation 24 00:01:05,166 --> 00:01:07,166 for Mozart's genius. 25 00:01:07,200 --> 00:01:10,700 ♪♪ 26 00:01:10,733 --> 00:01:11,933 When you're playing great music, 27 00:01:11,966 --> 00:01:15,000 it makes you try to be more than you are. 28 00:01:15,033 --> 00:01:17,300 ♪♪ 29 00:01:17,333 --> 00:01:20,633 Coming up on "Now Hear This: Becoming Mozart." 30 00:01:25,066 --> 00:01:30,033 [ "The Marriage of Figaro" overture plays ] 31 00:01:43,033 --> 00:01:49,400 ♪♪ 32 00:01:49,433 --> 00:01:55,766 ♪♪ 33 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:57,366 -If you've seen this show before, 34 00:01:57,400 --> 00:01:59,666 you may know me as a violinist. 35 00:01:59,700 --> 00:02:03,766 But for more than 20 years, my main job has been conducting. 36 00:02:03,800 --> 00:02:13,300 ♪♪ 37 00:02:13,333 --> 00:02:22,800 ♪♪ 38 00:02:22,833 --> 00:02:32,333 ♪♪ 39 00:02:32,366 --> 00:02:35,866 During the season, I conduct the Mexico City Philharmonic. 40 00:02:35,900 --> 00:02:39,433 But every summer I come here, to Festival Mozaic. 41 00:02:39,466 --> 00:02:49,200 ♪♪ 42 00:02:49,233 --> 00:02:59,000 ♪♪ 43 00:02:59,033 --> 00:03:08,833 ♪♪ 44 00:03:08,866 --> 00:03:10,933 We now play works from all composers, 45 00:03:10,966 --> 00:03:13,333 but the festival began 50 years ago 46 00:03:13,366 --> 00:03:15,733 to focus on the works of Mozart, 47 00:03:15,766 --> 00:03:18,000 like this overture from "The Marriage of Figaro," 48 00:03:18,033 --> 00:03:20,100 one of his 22 operas, 49 00:03:20,133 --> 00:03:24,566 among 41 symphonies and 500 other works. 50 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:30,833 ♪♪ 51 00:03:30,866 --> 00:03:34,466 Good. Let's rehearse. 52 00:03:34,500 --> 00:03:36,566 Can you make more fortepiano? 53 00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:39,466 [ Vocalizing ] 54 00:03:39,500 --> 00:03:42,700 Okay. Let's just hear David and -- and Liz. 55 00:03:42,733 --> 00:03:45,600 [ French horns playing single note ] 56 00:03:45,633 --> 00:03:47,600 Kate. 57 00:03:47,633 --> 00:03:51,500 [ French horn joins ] 58 00:03:51,533 --> 00:03:54,000 Thank you. Great. Let's keep it there. 59 00:03:54,033 --> 00:03:57,466 By the way, I hear -- [ Vocalizing ] 60 00:03:57,500 --> 00:03:59,366 There's too many ornaments on the tree. 61 00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:02,700 Let's go from 236, please. 62 00:04:02,733 --> 00:04:12,100 ♪♪ 63 00:04:12,133 --> 00:04:21,500 ♪♪ 64 00:04:21,533 --> 00:04:25,133 Mozart was inventive and successful in all formats. 65 00:04:25,166 --> 00:04:27,633 ♪♪ 66 00:04:27,666 --> 00:04:29,100 But there was one where he set the standard 67 00:04:29,133 --> 00:04:32,133 for all who followed -- the piano concerto. 68 00:04:32,166 --> 00:04:33,633 And whenever he premiered one, 69 00:04:33,666 --> 00:04:37,233 the piano soloist was Mozart himself. 70 00:04:37,266 --> 00:04:43,100 ♪♪ 71 00:04:43,133 --> 00:04:45,800 [ Finale plays ] 72 00:04:45,833 --> 00:04:47,266 Great. 73 00:04:47,300 --> 00:04:50,000 Tomorrow, Stewart Goodyear will be coming here to play 74 00:04:50,033 --> 00:04:52,300 Mozart's 20th piano concerto, 75 00:04:52,333 --> 00:04:55,133 and he's going to try to do what Mozart did. 76 00:04:55,166 --> 00:04:56,866 He's going to play the concerto, 77 00:04:56,900 --> 00:04:59,700 he's going to conduct the concerto from the piano -- 78 00:04:59,733 --> 00:05:01,633 and he's never conducted before -- 79 00:05:01,666 --> 00:05:04,666 and he's going to improvise the cadenzas. 80 00:05:04,700 --> 00:05:06,866 Think about how hard that is. 81 00:05:06,900 --> 00:05:09,500 It's really, really difficult. 82 00:05:09,533 --> 00:05:12,700 Anyway, be patient with him. He's really a huge talent. 83 00:05:12,733 --> 00:05:14,800 Okay? See you tomorrow. 84 00:05:14,833 --> 00:05:20,666 ♪♪ 85 00:05:20,700 --> 00:05:26,533 ♪♪ 86 00:05:26,566 --> 00:05:29,766 Festival Mozaic happens each year in San Luis Obispo, 87 00:05:29,800 --> 00:05:31,900 on the central coast of California, 88 00:05:31,933 --> 00:05:34,900 a place famous for vineyards and ocean views. 89 00:05:34,933 --> 00:05:36,466 But what's less known 90 00:05:36,500 --> 00:05:38,600 are its miles and miles of rolling hills 91 00:05:38,633 --> 00:05:42,933 which, after the rains, feel more like Ireland. 92 00:05:42,966 --> 00:05:45,233 On a nearby ranch, a festival board member 93 00:05:45,266 --> 00:05:47,833 lent us a place to rehearse. 94 00:05:47,866 --> 00:05:55,633 ♪♪ 95 00:05:55,666 --> 00:06:03,466 ♪♪ 96 00:06:03,500 --> 00:06:11,266 ♪♪ 97 00:06:11,300 --> 00:06:19,066 ♪♪ 98 00:06:19,100 --> 00:06:21,200 Stewart's been performing Mozart piano concertos 99 00:06:21,233 --> 00:06:22,933 since he was 12 years old, 100 00:06:22,966 --> 00:06:25,533 but never like he'd try to do it here. 101 00:06:25,566 --> 00:06:26,900 I'd have to teach him 102 00:06:26,933 --> 00:06:29,400 enough about conducting in just one week 103 00:06:29,433 --> 00:06:31,700 to successfully lead the orchestra. 104 00:06:31,733 --> 00:06:36,566 ♪♪ 105 00:06:36,600 --> 00:06:37,766 Oh, man. -22. 106 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:39,666 -That's how old he was? -22 years old, yeah. 107 00:06:39,700 --> 00:06:41,100 -Yeah. That's incredible. -Unbelievable. 108 00:06:41,133 --> 00:06:43,566 -So, we're here to talk about conducting. 109 00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:44,800 -Yes, we are. 110 00:06:44,833 --> 00:06:47,633 -Rule one -- you've got to know the score. 111 00:06:47,666 --> 00:06:50,933 I mean, not just your  part, but -- 112 00:06:50,966 --> 00:06:52,100 -Every part. 113 00:06:52,133 --> 00:06:54,266 -What you're buying is credibility, okay? 114 00:06:54,300 --> 00:06:57,300 So, if they know that you know what they have 115 00:06:57,333 --> 00:07:00,266 and you're kind of guiding them in like air-traffic control, 116 00:07:00,300 --> 00:07:02,500 "I got you, I got you"... -They'll be able to trust me. 117 00:07:02,533 --> 00:07:04,800 -...they trust you, and then they'll go with you. 118 00:07:04,833 --> 00:07:06,900 "Oh, you want that? I'm going to go with you." 119 00:07:06,933 --> 00:07:08,300 -Yeah. -And then it becomes 120 00:07:08,333 --> 00:07:10,700 a much more unified experience on stage. 121 00:07:10,733 --> 00:07:12,533 Now, obviously you know the piano part. 122 00:07:12,566 --> 00:07:14,000 -Yeah. -Okay. 123 00:07:14,033 --> 00:07:17,733 How well do you know the orchestra part? 124 00:07:17,766 --> 00:07:20,066 -I feel like I'm skimming the surface every time I study it. 125 00:07:20,100 --> 00:07:21,466 -So we've got to work on that, 126 00:07:21,500 --> 00:07:24,100 'cause that's the most paramount, important thing... 127 00:07:24,133 --> 00:07:25,900 -Yeah. -...I would say. 128 00:07:25,933 --> 00:07:27,266 Um, this is how I learn. 129 00:07:27,300 --> 00:07:29,500 I just play it. -Okay. 130 00:07:29,533 --> 00:07:32,433 -Can you play the first violin part -- 131 00:07:32,466 --> 00:07:34,166 the viola part, second-violin part, 132 00:07:34,200 --> 00:07:36,233 and first-violin part with your right hand? 133 00:07:36,266 --> 00:07:37,866 And close the music so you can't read it? 134 00:07:37,900 --> 00:07:40,633 -Right. Yeah. 135 00:07:40,666 --> 00:07:42,633 [ Piano playing ] 136 00:07:42,666 --> 00:07:48,366 ♪♪ 137 00:07:48,400 --> 00:07:51,333 -That's good. Okay. 138 00:07:51,366 --> 00:07:53,466 I'll play the first-violin part, second-violin part, and viola. 139 00:07:53,500 --> 00:07:55,633 I'll sing the viola line. 140 00:07:55,666 --> 00:07:59,000 And can you play the cello part and the bass part 141 00:07:59,033 --> 00:08:00,466 with your left hand, 142 00:08:00,500 --> 00:08:02,600 and then, when the horns have to come in, 143 00:08:02,633 --> 00:08:04,233 I want you to sing that D. 144 00:08:04,266 --> 00:08:05,400 [ Vocalizing ] 145 00:08:05,433 --> 00:08:06,866 -Okay. -Okay? Let's try it. 146 00:08:06,900 --> 00:08:08,666 -All right. 147 00:08:08,700 --> 00:08:10,333 -[ Vocalizing ] 148 00:08:10,366 --> 00:08:20,166 ♪♪ 149 00:08:20,200 --> 00:08:23,333 -Late! It's late. 150 00:08:23,366 --> 00:08:26,133 The horns come in there. You've got to sing that. 151 00:08:26,166 --> 00:08:28,133 -The horns come in late? 152 00:08:28,166 --> 00:08:30,600 -Look at the score. 153 00:08:30,633 --> 00:08:32,733 They come in on the downbeat. You didn't sing it. 154 00:08:32,766 --> 00:08:34,133 -Right! -Yes. Okay. 155 00:08:34,166 --> 00:08:36,866 And that's super-important because the horns, 156 00:08:36,900 --> 00:08:38,500 they really need your help. 157 00:08:38,533 --> 00:08:40,433 You know why you're conducting, right? 158 00:08:40,466 --> 00:08:43,366 It's because people can't hear each other. 159 00:08:43,400 --> 00:08:46,666 If you're sitting back there where the horns are, 160 00:08:46,700 --> 00:08:48,433 you can't hear anything. 161 00:08:48,466 --> 00:08:50,100 [Muffled] It sounds like this. -Yes. 162 00:08:50,133 --> 00:08:51,733 -[Normal voice] And it's impossible. 163 00:08:51,766 --> 00:08:55,566 So they need a conductor to sit there and go, "Boom," 164 00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:56,866 so that they know when to play. 165 00:08:56,900 --> 00:08:59,266 Otherwise, it's just terrifying for them. 166 00:08:59,300 --> 00:09:00,966 -Right. -So that's super-important. 167 00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:03,666 Okay. You're never going to make that mistake again, okay? 168 00:09:03,700 --> 00:09:05,266 That's page one. 169 00:09:05,300 --> 00:09:07,133 I don't know. There are like 70 pages in the score? 170 00:09:07,166 --> 00:09:08,600 You got to go through page 2 like that, 171 00:09:08,633 --> 00:09:10,200 page 3 like that, 4. 172 00:09:10,233 --> 00:09:13,433 You've got to do this before you step on the podium. 173 00:09:13,466 --> 00:09:15,133 -Okay. -Okay? 174 00:09:15,166 --> 00:09:24,733 ♪♪ 175 00:09:24,766 --> 00:09:26,666 [ Birds chirping ] 176 00:09:26,700 --> 00:09:30,400 ♪♪ 177 00:09:30,433 --> 00:09:32,733 Stewart is known for his interpretations 178 00:09:32,766 --> 00:09:35,400 of Mozart and Beethoven as a pianist, 179 00:09:35,433 --> 00:09:37,466 but interpreting a work for an orchestra 180 00:09:37,500 --> 00:09:39,566 is a much larger challenge. 181 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:43,366 I took him for a hike above the house to give him some pointers. 182 00:09:43,400 --> 00:09:52,266 ♪♪ 183 00:09:52,300 --> 00:10:01,166 ♪♪ 184 00:10:01,200 --> 00:10:10,066 ♪♪ 185 00:10:10,100 --> 00:10:12,233 So, one of your jobs while you're here in California 186 00:10:12,266 --> 00:10:16,333 is to, you know, walk around and become inspired 187 00:10:16,366 --> 00:10:19,666 and imbibe a piece like Mozart's 20th 188 00:10:19,700 --> 00:10:22,333 and figure out what you want. 189 00:10:22,366 --> 00:10:25,133 -First time I heard this concerto, 190 00:10:25,166 --> 00:10:28,333 I was 4 years old, and it scared me. 191 00:10:28,366 --> 00:10:31,733 -Really? -I had this notion in my head 192 00:10:31,766 --> 00:10:34,633 that I was hearing a musical depiction 193 00:10:34,666 --> 00:10:36,133 of a storm coming through, 194 00:10:36,166 --> 00:10:39,333 and you felt the thunder before you heard it. 195 00:10:39,366 --> 00:10:41,266 And then suddenly there was this crack 196 00:10:41,300 --> 00:10:43,066 that just alerted you. 197 00:10:43,100 --> 00:10:44,966 -I mean, who knows what inspired Mozart 198 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:46,666 to write this piece, you know? -Yeah. 199 00:10:46,700 --> 00:10:51,166 -But I think, since you're going to be conducting this piece, 200 00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:53,733 it's not so important what inspired Mozart, 201 00:10:53,766 --> 00:10:55,766 but what inspires you. 202 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:57,600 I still remember my first conducting lesson. 203 00:10:57,633 --> 00:11:01,166 It was 26, 27 years ago. 204 00:11:01,200 --> 00:11:03,533 And my teacher said to me, 205 00:11:03,566 --> 00:11:06,200 "The most important thing when you conduct..." -- 206 00:11:06,233 --> 00:11:09,000 And I was sort of waiting for it and thinking, 207 00:11:09,033 --> 00:11:12,166 "Oh, it's, you know, your right hand has to do this," 208 00:11:12,200 --> 00:11:14,000 or, "Your left hand has to do this." 209 00:11:14,033 --> 00:11:16,266 And he said, "The most important thing 210 00:11:16,300 --> 00:11:19,800 is to have a really strong point of view." 211 00:11:19,833 --> 00:11:25,033 And your job as a conductor is to get other people 212 00:11:25,066 --> 00:11:28,066 to do it your way, to play your idea. 213 00:11:28,100 --> 00:11:31,066 And that's what I hear from orchestra musicians. 214 00:11:31,100 --> 00:11:34,500 The single biggest complaint of any conductor is, 215 00:11:34,533 --> 00:11:36,233 "We didn't know what they wanted." 216 00:11:36,266 --> 00:11:38,233 And that's what you have to -- -Convey. 217 00:11:38,266 --> 00:11:40,333 -You have got to convey that. Absolutely. 218 00:11:40,366 --> 00:11:42,400 -Yeah. -It's got to be specific. 219 00:11:42,433 --> 00:11:47,233 Hone your interpretation and make it more vivid, 220 00:11:47,266 --> 00:11:51,266 more poignant, more delicate, whatever. 221 00:11:51,300 --> 00:11:52,700 -Yeah. -But maybe you'll find 222 00:11:52,733 --> 00:11:55,433 something new, you know, that extra 10% you need 223 00:11:55,466 --> 00:11:57,100 to make a really memorable performance. 224 00:11:57,133 --> 00:11:58,733 -Right. -That's what we're all search-- 225 00:11:58,766 --> 00:12:00,333 -That's what we're all striving for. 226 00:12:00,366 --> 00:12:02,566 -That's what we're all searching for. 227 00:12:02,600 --> 00:12:05,433 [ Instruments warming up ] 228 00:12:05,466 --> 00:12:12,433 ♪♪ 229 00:12:12,466 --> 00:12:19,433 ♪♪ 230 00:12:19,466 --> 00:12:23,266 Stewart, two really quick things before we go on stage. 231 00:12:23,300 --> 00:12:24,800 This festival orchestra 232 00:12:24,833 --> 00:12:26,800 is unlike anything you've ever played with. 233 00:12:26,833 --> 00:12:28,900 I know you've played with some of the greats, 234 00:12:28,933 --> 00:12:30,900 but this one is like the all-star team. 235 00:12:30,933 --> 00:12:33,133 Each person has been hand-picked, 236 00:12:33,166 --> 00:12:36,566 and it's all the best people from all the best orchestras. 237 00:12:36,600 --> 00:12:40,433 And if they smell even an ounce of fear from you, 238 00:12:40,466 --> 00:12:43,633 or hesitation, they'll just...tune you out. 239 00:12:43,666 --> 00:12:45,100 -Then it's over. -It's over. 240 00:12:45,133 --> 00:12:46,566 You're a novice conductor, 241 00:12:46,600 --> 00:12:49,766 but you are an absolutely experienced pianist. 242 00:12:49,800 --> 00:12:52,833 And you have to go in with that confidence. 243 00:12:52,866 --> 00:12:57,500 The other thing is, since you've never conducted, 244 00:12:57,533 --> 00:13:01,533 I think it might be better for you to start in the middle, 245 00:13:01,566 --> 00:13:02,833 right when you come in. 246 00:13:02,866 --> 00:13:04,966 Let them hear you play the piano and say, 247 00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:08,966 "Wow. This Stewart is wonderful. I love the way he plays. 248 00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:11,200 You know, and his conducting's not so bad." 249 00:13:11,233 --> 00:13:14,400 Rather than beginner conductor who also plays the piano. 250 00:13:14,433 --> 00:13:16,733 -Right. -And that is a razor's edge. 251 00:13:16,766 --> 00:13:18,800 And you want to be on this  side of that edge. 252 00:13:18,833 --> 00:13:20,133 -Yes. -Okay. Let's go. 253 00:13:20,166 --> 00:13:21,566 -Right. 254 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:24,400 [ Thumping ] 255 00:13:29,566 --> 00:13:30,733 Good morning. 256 00:13:30,766 --> 00:13:32,566 Such a pleasure working with all of you. 257 00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:34,400 We're going to be starting the Mozart, 258 00:13:34,433 --> 00:13:37,866 bar 77 where the piano solo comes in. 259 00:13:41,866 --> 00:13:50,433 ♪♪ 260 00:13:50,466 --> 00:13:59,033 ♪♪ 261 00:13:59,066 --> 00:14:07,700 ♪♪ 262 00:14:07,733 --> 00:14:09,900 [ Orchestra joins ] 263 00:14:09,933 --> 00:14:17,700 ♪♪ 264 00:14:17,733 --> 00:14:25,466 ♪♪ 265 00:14:25,500 --> 00:14:33,266 ♪♪ 266 00:14:33,300 --> 00:14:41,033 ♪♪ 267 00:14:41,066 --> 00:14:48,833 ♪♪ 268 00:14:48,866 --> 00:14:56,600 ♪♪ 269 00:14:56,633 --> 00:15:04,466 ♪♪ 270 00:15:04,500 --> 00:15:12,233 ♪♪ 271 00:15:12,266 --> 00:15:15,033 -When the soloist also conducts the orchestra, 272 00:15:15,066 --> 00:15:17,500 as Mozart did, they have to concentrate 273 00:15:17,533 --> 00:15:19,966 on delivering a masterful performance 274 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,433 while listening to and leading the other musicians. 275 00:15:23,466 --> 00:15:25,666 It's phenomenally difficult. 276 00:15:25,700 --> 00:15:33,633 ♪♪ 277 00:15:33,666 --> 00:15:41,566 ♪♪ 278 00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:49,533 ♪♪ 279 00:15:49,566 --> 00:15:57,466 ♪♪ 280 00:15:57,500 --> 00:16:00,866 Great, Stewart! Terrific! Let's stop there. 281 00:16:05,033 --> 00:16:07,100 You didn't really give them a good cue, 282 00:16:07,133 --> 00:16:09,566 so they were late and slow. 283 00:16:09,600 --> 00:16:11,133 Remember. They can't hear you. 284 00:16:11,166 --> 00:16:12,700 -Okay. -Okay? 285 00:16:12,733 --> 00:16:15,900 They have to be given something very clear and affirmative. 286 00:16:15,933 --> 00:16:17,200 -Okay. -Okay? 287 00:16:17,233 --> 00:16:18,700 -[ Page turns ] -And even places like here, 288 00:16:18,733 --> 00:16:20,666 your left hand is not playing the piano here. 289 00:16:20,700 --> 00:16:22,766 Your right hand is not playing the piano here. 290 00:16:22,800 --> 00:16:24,800 Think about if Mozart were playing this concerto. 291 00:16:24,833 --> 00:16:27,133 He is conducting with his left hand 292 00:16:27,166 --> 00:16:30,433 while his right hand is playing and vice versa. 293 00:16:30,466 --> 00:16:33,400 Use all of the weapons in your disposal, 294 00:16:33,433 --> 00:16:34,700 meaning your two hands, 295 00:16:34,733 --> 00:16:38,400 to either be playing the piano or the orchestra. 296 00:16:38,433 --> 00:16:39,633 -Yes. Got it. -Okay? 297 00:16:39,666 --> 00:16:41,600 -Yeah. So as I'm playing on the piano, 298 00:16:41,633 --> 00:16:45,666 is it, like, a quarter-note -- a head tilt beforehand? 299 00:16:45,700 --> 00:16:47,033 -Head tilt. You can stick out your tongue. 300 00:16:47,066 --> 00:16:48,566 -[ Chuckles ] Okay. -You know, wiggle your ears. 301 00:16:48,600 --> 00:16:50,600 But you got to do something definite. 302 00:16:50,633 --> 00:16:52,800 -Right. Okay. -Okay. Let's do it. 303 00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:59,366 -Right where we left off. 304 00:16:59,400 --> 00:17:09,166 ♪♪ 305 00:17:09,200 --> 00:17:18,900 ♪♪ 306 00:17:18,933 --> 00:17:28,633 ♪♪ 307 00:17:28,666 --> 00:17:38,400 ♪♪ 308 00:17:38,433 --> 00:17:48,133 ♪♪ 309 00:17:48,166 --> 00:17:57,866 ♪♪ 310 00:17:57,900 --> 00:18:07,666 ♪♪ 311 00:18:07,700 --> 00:18:17,400 ♪♪ 312 00:18:17,433 --> 00:18:19,033 -In his concertos, 313 00:18:19,066 --> 00:18:22,900 Mozart always improvised the cadenzas, the piano solos, 314 00:18:22,933 --> 00:18:25,666 then wrote them down later for others to play. 315 00:18:25,700 --> 00:18:27,666 But he didn't for the 20th. 316 00:18:27,700 --> 00:18:30,866 So other composers, like Beethoven, wrote their own. 317 00:18:30,900 --> 00:18:36,133 ♪♪ 318 00:18:36,166 --> 00:18:41,400 ♪♪ 319 00:18:41,433 --> 00:18:43,066 Sue Cahill, from the orchestra, 320 00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:45,666 is also a world-class jazz bassist. 321 00:18:45,700 --> 00:18:48,600 I asked her to give Stewart some new ideas about harmony 322 00:18:48,633 --> 00:18:50,666 for his  improvisation. 323 00:18:50,700 --> 00:19:00,466 ♪♪ 324 00:19:00,500 --> 00:19:02,000 -Beautiful. 325 00:19:02,033 --> 00:19:04,333 -I'm trying to find my own point of view 326 00:19:04,366 --> 00:19:05,800 for this performance coming up. 327 00:19:05,833 --> 00:19:08,866 I've improvised before, but... 328 00:19:08,900 --> 00:19:13,166 just how Beethoven had his own voice 329 00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:16,566 and his trademark genius, I have absolutely no idea 330 00:19:16,600 --> 00:19:18,933 whether or not I have genius or  trademark, 331 00:19:18,966 --> 00:19:20,533 but I'm going to do my best 332 00:19:20,566 --> 00:19:22,600 and try to find my own way around it. 333 00:19:22,633 --> 00:19:24,000 -Yeah. 334 00:19:24,033 --> 00:19:25,500 What if we do some, um, 335 00:19:25,533 --> 00:19:27,400 improvisatory work in the second movement, 336 00:19:27,433 --> 00:19:29,066 where there isn't a cadenza? -Perfect. 337 00:19:29,100 --> 00:19:30,800 -I think what I'm going to ask you to do 338 00:19:30,833 --> 00:19:34,533 is only play the right hand. -Okay. 339 00:19:34,566 --> 00:19:36,233 -I think let's really bring it down 340 00:19:36,266 --> 00:19:38,566 to something smoky and dark. 341 00:19:38,600 --> 00:19:40,166 Um... 342 00:19:40,200 --> 00:19:43,800 [ Vocalizing ] 343 00:19:43,833 --> 00:19:48,666 About there. Two, ready, play. 344 00:19:48,700 --> 00:19:57,300 ♪♪ 345 00:19:57,333 --> 00:20:05,933 ♪♪ 346 00:20:05,966 --> 00:20:14,566 ♪♪ 347 00:20:14,600 --> 00:20:16,266 Yeah! I like that. That's cool. 348 00:20:16,300 --> 00:20:19,966 -I was responding exactly to your harmonies, 349 00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:23,633 and you led me to where I should go. 350 00:20:23,666 --> 00:20:25,900 -Yeah, I mean, that's the best thing about improvisation, 351 00:20:25,933 --> 00:20:28,500 is, like... 352 00:20:28,533 --> 00:20:30,266 It's such a great way to communicate 353 00:20:30,300 --> 00:20:32,000 with your fellow musicians on stage. 354 00:20:32,033 --> 00:20:35,100 -Exactly. -Do you want to try maybe adding 355 00:20:35,133 --> 00:20:38,166 some chords underneath this, in this second movement? 356 00:20:38,200 --> 00:20:39,766 -Sure. 357 00:20:39,800 --> 00:20:42,566 -I think -- We would have to agree on the chords, 358 00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:43,966 so if you don't mind, 359 00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:46,533 want to just show you a quick thing here. 360 00:20:46,566 --> 00:20:50,000 I think it'd be cool to add this into what we were doing. 361 00:20:50,033 --> 00:20:52,833 So, this is just basically an outline of kind of the notes 362 00:20:52,866 --> 00:20:54,500 I was playing underneath what you were doing. 363 00:20:54,533 --> 00:20:57,233 -Okay. -So instead of the B flat, 364 00:20:57,266 --> 00:20:59,333 which is the, you know... [ Piano plays ] 365 00:20:59,366 --> 00:21:01,366 ...the opening of the second movement, 366 00:21:01,400 --> 00:21:04,100 we're going to switch it to D flat. 367 00:21:04,133 --> 00:21:06,466 Okay? I've added this kind of weird tone there, 368 00:21:06,500 --> 00:21:07,666 which, you know, you can do. 369 00:21:07,700 --> 00:21:10,166 If it sounds good, go for it. -Okay. 370 00:21:10,200 --> 00:21:12,500 -And then the next couple of beats, I... 371 00:21:12,533 --> 00:21:14,100 [ Piano plays ] ...I added G flat. 372 00:21:14,133 --> 00:21:15,600 Okay? -Uh-huh. 373 00:21:15,633 --> 00:21:18,633 -And then I went to E. 374 00:21:18,666 --> 00:21:21,366 And then you can see I've added a couple of more chords there. 375 00:21:21,400 --> 00:21:23,566 Do you want to try that 376 00:21:23,600 --> 00:21:26,166 and see if that works for us to do together? 377 00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:27,866 -Sure. Absolutely. -Yeah. Okay. 378 00:21:27,900 --> 00:21:31,633 -So, am I doing chords with you or just the melody? 379 00:21:31,666 --> 00:21:33,766 -Do the melody, and then maybe you can just do 380 00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:35,533 the bass line here if you want. 381 00:21:35,566 --> 00:21:37,933 Um, give it a shot. 382 00:21:37,966 --> 00:21:43,300 ♪♪ 383 00:21:43,333 --> 00:21:45,466 -Oh, wow. Okay. -[ Laughs ] 384 00:21:45,500 --> 00:21:52,466 ♪♪ 385 00:21:52,500 --> 00:21:59,433 ♪♪ 386 00:21:59,466 --> 00:22:01,500 -Something like that? -Something like that. 387 00:22:01,533 --> 00:22:02,866 You know, a good rule of thumb 388 00:22:02,900 --> 00:22:04,600 for just starting an improv in jazz 389 00:22:04,633 --> 00:22:06,300 is if you find yourself on the wrong note, 390 00:22:06,333 --> 00:22:09,700 like it sounds wrong to you, just move one note over. 391 00:22:09,733 --> 00:22:11,200 -Oh, okay. -Yeah, one tiny note. 392 00:22:11,233 --> 00:22:13,066 Like, a little bit, not a lot. -All right. 393 00:22:13,100 --> 00:22:14,933 -And then you'll usually find your way. 394 00:22:14,966 --> 00:22:16,366 -All right. -Want to try it? 395 00:22:16,400 --> 00:22:18,400 -Sure. -Okay. 396 00:22:23,566 --> 00:22:32,866 ♪♪ 397 00:22:32,900 --> 00:22:42,166 ♪♪ 398 00:22:42,200 --> 00:22:51,500 ♪♪ 399 00:22:51,533 --> 00:22:54,266 -Putting different chords -- a different harmony -- 400 00:22:54,300 --> 00:22:58,166 under the exact same melody yields such different results. 401 00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:03,600 ♪♪ 402 00:23:03,633 --> 00:23:09,000 ♪♪ 403 00:23:09,033 --> 00:23:11,500 Stewart and I went back to the ranch house 404 00:23:11,533 --> 00:23:14,533 so I could teach him to communicate through movement. 405 00:23:14,566 --> 00:23:23,233 ♪♪ 406 00:23:23,266 --> 00:23:31,966 ♪♪ 407 00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:40,666 ♪♪ 408 00:23:40,700 --> 00:23:42,700 It's good. It's good. 409 00:23:42,733 --> 00:23:46,100 Stewart, just watch out. Your hands are going like this. 410 00:23:46,133 --> 00:23:48,500 I wanted to tell you this at the rehearsal. 411 00:23:48,533 --> 00:23:50,166 Your hands are going like this, 412 00:23:50,200 --> 00:23:53,600 and so you're drawing all of my attention to your fingers. 413 00:23:53,633 --> 00:23:55,833 -Oh, okay. -Yeah. And, um... 414 00:23:55,866 --> 00:23:58,466 When you're conducting, it's kind of a strange thing 415 00:23:58,500 --> 00:24:01,933 to be moving your arms and essentially 416 00:24:01,966 --> 00:24:05,366 commanding people instantaneously with your hands. 417 00:24:05,400 --> 00:24:07,066   I mean, when does that happen? 418 00:24:07,100 --> 00:24:10,733 So in order to make this kind of unnatural act 419 00:24:10,766 --> 00:24:13,866 as natural as possible, you want to keep all the parts 420 00:24:13,900 --> 00:24:15,700 of your body as natural as possible. 421 00:24:15,733 --> 00:24:18,266 So, first step, let's relax our hand. 422 00:24:18,300 --> 00:24:22,166 This is not relaxed. This  is. Just shake it out. 423 00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:24,366 Just give me the last two bars. 424 00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:30,533 ♪♪ 425 00:24:30,566 --> 00:24:33,933 So, I need to see some kind of click or something so that 426 00:24:33,966 --> 00:24:37,200 I know when to start playing, 'cause it's just so subtle. 427 00:24:37,233 --> 00:24:39,600 -Oh, okay. -Yeah. Try it again. 428 00:24:39,633 --> 00:24:41,666 ♪♪ 429 00:24:41,700 --> 00:24:44,500 When I'm conducting, I try to think of my hands 430 00:24:44,533 --> 00:24:47,533 as being not a part of my body, 431 00:24:47,566 --> 00:24:51,000 but being suspended by an invisible string. 432 00:24:51,033 --> 00:24:54,833 And this is not bone and skin. It's spaghetti, okay? 433 00:24:54,866 --> 00:25:04,600 ♪♪ 434 00:25:04,633 --> 00:25:07,533 -That was so terrible! That was so terrible. 435 00:25:07,566 --> 00:25:09,733 -What was wrong with that? It was good. 436 00:25:09,766 --> 00:25:17,033 ♪♪ 437 00:25:17,066 --> 00:25:24,333 ♪♪ 438 00:25:24,366 --> 00:25:26,833 That was really nice, but what you did was you went... 439 00:25:26,866 --> 00:25:29,433 [Inhales deeply] But you also moved your body. 440 00:25:29,466 --> 00:25:34,066 If your body is moving and your hands are moving, 441 00:25:34,100 --> 00:25:36,366 then what the orchestra is seeing 442 00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:39,466 is this really funny moving target. 443 00:25:39,500 --> 00:25:41,666 -So, when my feet are planted like this, never move them? 444 00:25:41,700 --> 00:25:43,300 -Yeah, exactly. That's -- -Okay. 445 00:25:43,333 --> 00:25:46,500 -Your feet do not have a role in conducting. 446 00:25:46,533 --> 00:25:48,466 They do not conduct. -Okay. 447 00:25:48,500 --> 00:25:50,133 -They are a pedestal 448 00:25:50,166 --> 00:25:52,366 for the rest of your body to sit on them. 449 00:25:52,400 --> 00:25:55,866 It's just like your piano's legs do not move, either. 450 00:25:55,900 --> 00:25:57,566 Look, when you're in front of the orchestra, 451 00:25:57,600 --> 00:25:59,433 there are going to be times when you're thinking, 452 00:25:59,466 --> 00:26:01,266 "My God, this is going so well," 453 00:26:01,300 --> 00:26:03,166 and there are going to be other times when you're thinking, 454 00:26:03,200 --> 00:26:05,700 "I'm in so far above my head." 455 00:26:05,733 --> 00:26:07,400 That's what makes it great. 456 00:26:07,433 --> 00:26:15,433 ♪♪ 457 00:26:15,466 --> 00:26:23,466 ♪♪ 458 00:26:23,500 --> 00:26:31,533 ♪♪ 459 00:26:31,566 --> 00:26:39,566 ♪♪ 460 00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:47,600 ♪♪ 461 00:26:47,633 --> 00:26:55,633 ♪♪ 462 00:26:55,666 --> 00:26:58,133 You know, the reason conducting is so hard 463 00:26:58,166 --> 00:27:02,633 is because in order to try harder you have to do less. 464 00:27:02,666 --> 00:27:04,033 You've got to let go. 465 00:27:04,066 --> 00:27:05,866 Let everything go. 466 00:27:05,900 --> 00:27:08,433 And then  the orchestra will play. 467 00:27:08,466 --> 00:27:16,366 ♪♪ 468 00:27:16,400 --> 00:27:24,300 ♪♪ 469 00:27:24,333 --> 00:27:32,233 ♪♪ 470 00:27:32,266 --> 00:27:35,633 After the rehearsal, we took a minute to marvel at the impact 471 00:27:35,666 --> 00:27:39,200 Mozart's concertos had on classical music after him. 472 00:27:39,233 --> 00:27:41,966 You know, what's amazing to me about these piano concertos, 473 00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:44,966 it's not just that he wrote 27 of them, 474 00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:47,200 but that he wrote them 475 00:27:47,233 --> 00:27:51,100 as a vehicle for himself out of necessity. 476 00:27:51,133 --> 00:27:53,366 He needed money. 477 00:27:53,400 --> 00:27:55,500 This is, like, born out of desperation, 478 00:27:55,533 --> 00:27:58,200 and then he writes something like this. 479 00:27:58,233 --> 00:28:01,900 -He was the guy that inspired future composers. 480 00:28:01,933 --> 00:28:06,300 And the way that composers write vehicles for solo instruments, 481 00:28:06,333 --> 00:28:09,033 for violin to piano and everything, 482 00:28:09,066 --> 00:28:10,766 they really take after the model of Mozart. 483 00:28:10,800 --> 00:28:12,166 -Yeah, you've got to argue 484 00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:14,966 that there's no Brahms piano concerto number 1, number 2 485 00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:16,200 without Mozart. 486 00:28:16,233 --> 00:28:18,300 -Without Mozart. Especially the Mozart D minor. 487 00:28:18,333 --> 00:28:20,333 -Sure. The five Beethoven concertos 488 00:28:20,366 --> 00:28:21,866 don't happen without Mozart. 489 00:28:21,900 --> 00:28:24,733 Rachmaninoff -- something so distant 490 00:28:24,766 --> 00:28:26,600 and remote from Mozart -- does not happen without Mozart. 491 00:28:26,633 --> 00:28:28,000 -Would not have happened without Mozart. 492 00:28:28,033 --> 00:28:30,000 No Mendelssohn violin concerto. 493 00:28:30,033 --> 00:28:31,933 -Right! -All of these masterpieces. 494 00:28:31,966 --> 00:28:33,633 -Tchaikovsky's violin concerto. -Yeah. 495 00:28:33,666 --> 00:28:35,200 -They don't exist. 496 00:28:35,233 --> 00:28:40,100 It's all because of this one man having to sell himself, 497 00:28:40,133 --> 00:28:43,200 organizing the hall, copying the parts, 498 00:28:43,233 --> 00:28:45,566 writing the music, improvising, conducting. 499 00:28:45,600 --> 00:28:49,033 -These vehicles out of necessity changed the world. 500 00:28:49,066 --> 00:28:51,200 -Incredible. -Unbelievable. 501 00:28:51,233 --> 00:28:58,133 ♪♪ 502 00:28:58,166 --> 00:29:05,133 ♪♪ 503 00:29:05,166 --> 00:29:12,066 ♪♪ 504 00:29:12,100 --> 00:29:14,800 -To give Stewart more ideas for his interpretation, 505 00:29:14,833 --> 00:29:16,566 I took him to Serra Chapel, 506 00:29:16,600 --> 00:29:18,266 which was built by a local family 507 00:29:18,300 --> 00:29:19,966 using European antiquities 508 00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:22,866 left over from the nearby Hearst Castle. 509 00:29:22,900 --> 00:29:24,833 ♪♪ 510 00:29:24,866 --> 00:29:26,666 After you. 511 00:29:26,700 --> 00:29:28,800 This is an amazing place. 512 00:29:28,833 --> 00:29:31,966 -My goodness. -Well, if you need inspiration, 513 00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:34,100 you're going to certainly get it here. 514 00:29:34,133 --> 00:29:37,366 I can safely say there's nothing else like this 515 00:29:37,400 --> 00:29:39,133 in the entire world. 516 00:29:39,166 --> 00:29:44,833 So, apparently, that ceiling is from Spain, 517 00:29:44,866 --> 00:29:46,433 and it's from the 14th century. 518 00:29:46,466 --> 00:29:49,866 This window here is from Morocco, 519 00:29:49,900 --> 00:29:52,033 and that's from the 11th century. 520 00:29:52,066 --> 00:29:53,600 Um, I think this crucifix 521 00:29:53,633 --> 00:29:55,800 may be from the 15th or 16th century. 522 00:29:55,833 --> 00:29:58,700 I mean, this is a... -That is incredible. 523 00:29:58,733 --> 00:30:01,933 -...new ancient building. 524 00:30:01,966 --> 00:30:07,033 ♪♪ 525 00:30:07,066 --> 00:30:12,100 ♪♪ 526 00:30:12,133 --> 00:30:13,666 You know, being in a place like this, 527 00:30:13,700 --> 00:30:16,166 you remember that the greats -- 528 00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:20,800 Vivaldi, Bach, Haydn, Mozart -- 529 00:30:20,833 --> 00:30:24,900 found inspiration from spirituality and religion. 530 00:30:24,933 --> 00:30:26,600 -Yeah. 531 00:30:26,633 --> 00:30:28,466 -You told me that you were a choir boy? 532 00:30:28,500 --> 00:30:30,300 -Yes. You know, it's interesting. 533 00:30:30,333 --> 00:30:32,766 Coming here, I'm reminded of the cathedral 534 00:30:32,800 --> 00:30:35,233 that my chorus used to go sing at every Sunday. 535 00:30:35,266 --> 00:30:39,633 And we sang "Ave Verum Corpus" and "Laudate Dominum," 536 00:30:39,666 --> 00:30:42,833 all of these incredible choral works of Mozart. 537 00:30:42,866 --> 00:30:45,000 I'm hearing these works in my head, actually, 538 00:30:45,033 --> 00:30:48,100 when I'm looking at that incredible ceiling. 539 00:30:48,133 --> 00:30:49,766 -Yeah. -It's amazing. 540 00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:54,233 -I come to this chapel every summer for Festival Mozaic. 541 00:30:54,266 --> 00:30:56,233 We often play baroque music here, 542 00:30:56,266 --> 00:30:59,366 and when you're playing great music like that 543 00:30:59,400 --> 00:31:02,100 in an incredible venue like this, 544 00:31:02,133 --> 00:31:04,866 it makes you really stretch 545 00:31:04,900 --> 00:31:07,666 and -- and try to be more than you are. 546 00:31:07,700 --> 00:31:09,600 -That's beautiful. 547 00:31:17,566 --> 00:31:19,533 [ Violin playing ] 548 00:31:19,566 --> 00:31:27,500 ♪♪ 549 00:31:27,533 --> 00:31:35,433 ♪♪ 550 00:31:35,466 --> 00:31:43,400 ♪♪ 551 00:31:43,433 --> 00:31:51,333 ♪♪ 552 00:31:51,366 --> 00:31:59,300 ♪♪ 553 00:31:59,333 --> 00:32:07,300 ♪♪ 554 00:32:07,333 --> 00:32:15,266 ♪♪ 555 00:32:15,300 --> 00:32:17,633 [ Bells tolling, violin fades ] 556 00:32:39,233 --> 00:32:41,266 So that Stewart could hear 557 00:32:41,300 --> 00:32:44,433 how other artists before him interpreted Mozart, 558 00:32:44,466 --> 00:32:46,800 we went to the home of a local collector 559 00:32:46,833 --> 00:32:50,266 of vintage recordings and audio gear. 560 00:32:50,300 --> 00:32:52,733 -That's an original Edison phonograph. 561 00:32:52,766 --> 00:32:54,433 -Do you have Sousa here? -Sousa? 562 00:32:54,466 --> 00:32:56,300 There's probably some Sousa in there 563 00:32:56,333 --> 00:32:57,766 somewhere in that collection, yes. 564 00:32:57,800 --> 00:33:01,066 -I'm going to totally geek out. This is incredible! 565 00:33:01,100 --> 00:33:06,100 -This is how families were entertained in 1905. 566 00:33:13,566 --> 00:33:16,266 Now, everything in here is mechanical, 567 00:33:16,300 --> 00:33:18,566 so no electricity. 568 00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:21,700 It runs on a spring that you have to wind up. 569 00:33:21,733 --> 00:33:23,433 [ Soft clicking ] 570 00:33:26,966 --> 00:33:29,066 This amplifies the sound. 571 00:33:31,666 --> 00:33:34,166 Put the needle down. 572 00:33:34,200 --> 00:33:36,200 -"The Rose of Mexico Waltz," 573 00:33:36,233 --> 00:33:39,066 played by the Edison Symphony Orchestra. 574 00:33:39,100 --> 00:33:48,233 ♪♪ 575 00:33:48,266 --> 00:33:57,400 ♪♪ 576 00:33:57,433 --> 00:34:06,633 ♪♪ 577 00:34:06,666 --> 00:34:08,133 [ Music stops ] 578 00:34:08,166 --> 00:34:11,000 -This is like a dream come true listening to this. 579 00:34:11,033 --> 00:34:13,300 -If you had to make a machine now 580 00:34:13,333 --> 00:34:16,733 that plays music like this without electricity, 581 00:34:16,766 --> 00:34:18,600 you really would be hard-pressed to do better than this. 582 00:34:18,633 --> 00:34:20,300 This is amazing. 583 00:34:20,333 --> 00:34:22,300 -You can do a little bit better than this 584 00:34:22,333 --> 00:34:25,500 with the 78 RPM gramophone. 585 00:34:25,533 --> 00:34:30,066 And the principles of operation are really very much the same. 586 00:34:30,100 --> 00:34:33,100 It's all mechanical. No electricity involved. 587 00:34:33,133 --> 00:34:35,366 Wind that up for a bit. [ Soft clicking ] 588 00:34:35,400 --> 00:34:38,966 This is a lovely old oak horn. 589 00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:42,666 Basically the same technology is still alive today, 590 00:34:42,700 --> 00:34:46,966 except vinyl records are now amplified electronically. 591 00:34:48,300 --> 00:34:50,133 -[ Chuckles ] 592 00:34:50,166 --> 00:34:52,400 You have a lot of records, George. 593 00:34:52,433 --> 00:34:54,266 -Yeah, I have a few. 594 00:34:54,300 --> 00:34:56,733 -I don't think I've ever seen a larger collection than this. 595 00:34:56,766 --> 00:34:59,100 This is -- How many have you got? 596 00:34:59,133 --> 00:35:02,766 -It's probably about 4,000 here. 597 00:35:02,800 --> 00:35:04,500 You find something you like, Stewart? 598 00:35:04,533 --> 00:35:07,133 -How many recordings of the 20th do you have? Mozart's 20th. 599 00:35:07,166 --> 00:35:10,833 -I have 13 versions of that, and most of them are here on LP. 600 00:35:10,866 --> 00:35:12,266   -Do you have a favorite? 601 00:35:12,300 --> 00:35:14,000 -My favorite's Alfred Brendel 602 00:35:14,033 --> 00:35:15,833 with Neville Marriner conducting, 603 00:35:15,866 --> 00:35:18,100 which is why I have the complete collection 604 00:35:18,133 --> 00:35:20,100 of this piano concerti here. 605 00:35:20,133 --> 00:35:24,433 The Brendel is a very cerebral performance. 606 00:35:24,466 --> 00:35:28,033 It's something that speaks to me 607 00:35:28,066 --> 00:35:30,966 as if he has something very important to say. 608 00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:33,200 -Point of view. -Want to go hear them? 609 00:35:33,233 --> 00:35:36,733 -One second. I'm still geeking out. 610 00:35:36,766 --> 00:35:38,066 I want to hear them all. 611 00:35:38,100 --> 00:35:40,133 -Okay. Let's grab them all. 612 00:35:42,533 --> 00:35:44,800 Really, there's nothing fundamentally different 613 00:35:44,833 --> 00:35:48,633 going on here compared to the two machines we saw earlier. 614 00:35:48,666 --> 00:35:51,766 The sound is picked up by a mechanical needle. 615 00:35:51,800 --> 00:35:55,000 So, I thought that we would start with a fortepiano version. 616 00:35:55,033 --> 00:35:57,100   It has a small orchestra, 617 00:35:57,133 --> 00:36:01,766 and it has that early music orchestra feel to it. 618 00:36:01,800 --> 00:36:04,166 So, let's listen to the 3rd movement. 619 00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:11,100 ♪♪ 620 00:36:11,133 --> 00:36:12,966 -So, this is the fortepiano. 621 00:36:13,000 --> 00:36:16,533 what Mozart would have played at the premiere in 1785. 622 00:36:16,566 --> 00:36:21,866 ♪♪ 623 00:36:21,900 --> 00:36:24,466 -It's interesting to hear how the orchestra 624 00:36:24,500 --> 00:36:26,833 probably sounded in Mozart's time -- 625 00:36:26,866 --> 00:36:29,900 smaller, more transparent, gut strings. 626 00:36:29,933 --> 00:36:38,266 ♪♪ 627 00:36:38,300 --> 00:36:40,033 [ Click, music stops ] 628 00:36:44,600 --> 00:36:52,166 ♪♪ 629 00:36:52,200 --> 00:36:54,266 -It's interesting. I know Katchen from his Brahms. 630 00:36:54,300 --> 00:36:57,133 This is the first time hearing his Mozart. 631 00:36:57,166 --> 00:36:59,666 -I admire him. He has just incredible control and just... 632 00:36:59,700 --> 00:37:03,666 -It's a great combination of fierceness and grace. 633 00:37:03,700 --> 00:37:05,533 -Mm-hmm. -It's interesting. 634 00:37:05,566 --> 00:37:10,733 ♪♪ 635 00:37:10,766 --> 00:37:14,000 Very romantic interpretation. -Yeah. It sounds like Brahms. 636 00:37:14,033 --> 00:37:16,266 ♪♪ 637 00:37:16,300 --> 00:37:18,700 [ Click ] -Next one is my favorite. 638 00:37:18,733 --> 00:37:20,400 -Okay. -The Brendel. 639 00:37:20,433 --> 00:37:23,300 -It's Alfred Brendel. 640 00:37:23,333 --> 00:37:27,133 Also one that I think is really nicely recorded. 641 00:37:27,166 --> 00:37:29,600 Good engineering on this. 642 00:37:29,633 --> 00:37:35,266 ♪♪ 643 00:37:35,300 --> 00:37:40,933 ♪♪ 644 00:37:40,966 --> 00:37:44,266 -Great sense of urgency in Brendel's playing. 645 00:37:44,300 --> 00:37:47,233 -I'm not used to hearing Brendel this excited. 646 00:37:47,266 --> 00:37:49,833 -Same for the orchestra. -I like it. 647 00:37:49,866 --> 00:37:51,666 -Yeah. -I like it. 648 00:37:51,700 --> 00:37:53,766 -I love listening to various recordings 649 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:55,766 because it just confirms to me 650 00:37:55,800 --> 00:37:58,066 that every interpretation is valuable, 651 00:37:58,100 --> 00:38:01,633 and every artist has their own point of view. 652 00:38:01,666 --> 00:38:07,500 ♪♪ 653 00:38:07,533 --> 00:38:13,400 ♪♪ 654 00:38:13,433 --> 00:38:23,233 ♪♪ 655 00:38:23,266 --> 00:38:33,100 ♪♪ 656 00:38:33,133 --> 00:38:42,933 ♪♪ 657 00:38:42,966 --> 00:38:52,766 ♪♪ 658 00:38:52,800 --> 00:39:02,700 ♪♪ 659 00:39:02,733 --> 00:39:12,533 ♪♪ 660 00:39:12,566 --> 00:39:15,733 -How was that, Scott? -It was okay. 661 00:39:15,766 --> 00:39:19,166 Everyone, please take a break. 662 00:39:19,200 --> 00:39:21,333 Let's go talk. -Okay. 663 00:39:21,366 --> 00:39:23,066 -I felt so comfortable 664 00:39:23,100 --> 00:39:27,166 with the first and second movements of the concerto, 665 00:39:27,200 --> 00:39:30,133 and then when it came to the third, 666 00:39:30,166 --> 00:39:32,100 I felt like I was back to square one. 667 00:39:32,133 --> 00:39:34,333 -Well, the third movement is one of the most 668 00:39:34,366 --> 00:39:35,933 difficult things to conduct. 669 00:39:35,966 --> 00:39:38,133 [ Vocalizing ] It's very, very hard. 670 00:39:38,166 --> 00:39:41,866 -I think that's all I was thinking of, was cueing. 671 00:39:41,900 --> 00:39:44,900 -So, where you got in trouble was, 672 00:39:44,933 --> 00:39:47,200 you started following the orchestra, 673 00:39:47,233 --> 00:39:48,700 and then you started panicking 674 00:39:48,733 --> 00:39:51,033 because the orchestra started slowing down. 675 00:39:51,066 --> 00:39:53,000 -Yeah. -And rather than think about it 676 00:39:53,033 --> 00:39:54,333 from a technical angle that, 677 00:39:54,366 --> 00:39:55,966 "Okay, what can I do with my hands 678 00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:59,700 to make them not slow down, "what's much more important to me 679 00:39:59,733 --> 00:40:03,133 is to present the orchestra with an affirmative vision -- 680 00:40:03,166 --> 00:40:05,866 what is your point of view? 681 00:40:05,900 --> 00:40:07,500 So if you had to explain this concerto 682 00:40:07,533 --> 00:40:09,366 to somebody who didn't know music, 683 00:40:09,400 --> 00:40:13,000 how would you explain the character of this concerto? 684 00:40:13,033 --> 00:40:15,200 -Like an individual in the dark trying to find some light 685 00:40:15,233 --> 00:40:17,366 for the whole half an hour. 686 00:40:17,400 --> 00:40:18,733 -Okay. 687 00:40:18,766 --> 00:40:20,966 -Terror. -Okay. 688 00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:23,233 Okay. So we have darkness, terror. 689 00:40:23,266 --> 00:40:24,400 -Longing. It's just -- 690 00:40:24,433 --> 00:40:26,600 -Okay. So, that's a lot -- -That is a lot. 691 00:40:26,633 --> 00:40:28,333 -That's a lot of spokes on the wheel. 692 00:40:28,366 --> 00:40:30,600 It can't be, like, five or six different things. 693 00:40:30,633 --> 00:40:32,166 It's not -- That's too diffuse. 694 00:40:32,200 --> 00:40:34,366 The orchestra won't really grab onto that. 695 00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:37,500 Actually, I'm really thinking about one thing 696 00:40:37,533 --> 00:40:39,100 that the piece is about. 697 00:40:39,133 --> 00:40:41,733 Of course, music, you know, ebbs and flows, 698 00:40:41,766 --> 00:40:46,033 but that one central thing that the piece means. 699 00:40:46,066 --> 00:40:48,666 I think you need to find that. -Right. 700 00:40:48,700 --> 00:40:50,066 -Listen. 701 00:40:50,100 --> 00:40:53,466 If you really feel it in your bones that, 702 00:40:53,500 --> 00:40:56,100 "Ah, this concerto has to go like this," 703 00:40:56,133 --> 00:40:58,833 then your body has no choice 704 00:40:58,866 --> 00:41:00,900 but to communicate that to the orchestra. 705 00:41:00,933 --> 00:41:04,466 And you've got until tomorrow to do this. 706 00:41:04,500 --> 00:41:08,700 Figure out exactly what that one idea is. 707 00:41:08,733 --> 00:41:11,566 [ Jazz drums playing ] 708 00:41:11,600 --> 00:41:18,900 ♪♪ 709 00:41:18,933 --> 00:41:26,266 ♪♪ 710 00:41:26,300 --> 00:41:28,466 To finish Stewart's improv exercises, 711 00:41:28,500 --> 00:41:31,266 I ask the great drummer Clayton Cameron 712 00:41:31,300 --> 00:41:33,300 to meet him and Sue backstage that night 713 00:41:33,333 --> 00:41:36,366 to expand his ideas about rhythm. 714 00:41:36,400 --> 00:41:42,300 ♪♪ 715 00:41:42,333 --> 00:41:44,733 -Clayton, I feel like a square for saying this, but bravo. 716 00:41:44,766 --> 00:41:46,300 [ Laughter ] 717 00:41:46,333 --> 00:41:48,033 That's the classical word for "wow." 718 00:41:48,066 --> 00:41:49,900 -Oh. Thank you. -It was just incredible. 719 00:41:49,933 --> 00:41:51,566 -Yeah, it was awesome. -Thank you. 720 00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:53,733 -Yeah, that is -- You know, I come from a world 721 00:41:53,766 --> 00:41:58,333 where classical musicians stopped improvising, 722 00:41:58,366 --> 00:42:00,933 even though that was one of the traditions 723 00:42:00,966 --> 00:42:03,300 in Mozart and Beethoven's time. 724 00:42:03,333 --> 00:42:04,633 We are always interpreting 725 00:42:04,666 --> 00:42:07,633 exactly what's on the page and nothing else. 726 00:42:07,666 --> 00:42:09,066 -Right, right. Well, you know, 727 00:42:09,100 --> 00:42:11,500 I remember hearing an interview with Herbie Hancock 728 00:42:11,533 --> 00:42:13,433 where he felt he played a wrong chord, 729 00:42:13,466 --> 00:42:15,666 and Miles Davis just heard the chord 730 00:42:15,700 --> 00:42:17,666 and then played this beautiful melody over it, 731 00:42:17,700 --> 00:42:21,066 so what was considered a mistake by Herbie at the moment 732 00:42:21,100 --> 00:42:22,900 was fine with Miles. 733 00:42:22,933 --> 00:42:24,866 So it's like even the mistakes can be used. 734 00:42:24,900 --> 00:42:26,500 You know, so it's not, like, taboo. 735 00:42:26,533 --> 00:42:28,200 -That's another thing that's foreign 736 00:42:28,233 --> 00:42:29,466 to the classical players. 737 00:42:29,500 --> 00:42:31,500 Like, "You made a mistake. Don't do that again!" 738 00:42:31,533 --> 00:42:32,800 -Yeah, cause sometimes guys say, 739 00:42:32,833 --> 00:42:34,866 "Even my best stuff is when I make my mistakes." 740 00:42:34,900 --> 00:42:38,033 -I like that, so much. -So it's a different philosophy. 741 00:42:38,066 --> 00:42:39,800 [ Laughter ] -That's excellent, yeah. 742 00:42:39,833 --> 00:42:41,933 -Anyway, should we try it? -Yeah, let's try it. 743 00:42:41,966 --> 00:42:43,266 Let's give it a whirl. 744 00:42:43,300 --> 00:42:45,633 -You can do it, Stewart. -You can do it. 745 00:42:45,666 --> 00:42:47,166 [ Laughter ] 746 00:42:48,633 --> 00:42:50,600 [ Drums playing ] 747 00:42:50,633 --> 00:42:54,533 ♪♪ 748 00:42:54,566 --> 00:42:56,966 [ Piano and bass join ] 749 00:42:57,000 --> 00:43:06,100 ♪♪ 750 00:43:06,133 --> 00:43:15,166 ♪♪ 751 00:43:15,200 --> 00:43:24,233 ♪♪ 752 00:43:24,266 --> 00:43:33,300 ♪♪ 753 00:43:33,333 --> 00:43:42,366 ♪♪ 754 00:43:42,400 --> 00:43:51,433 ♪♪ 755 00:43:51,466 --> 00:44:00,566 ♪♪ 756 00:44:00,600 --> 00:44:09,633 ♪♪ 757 00:44:09,666 --> 00:44:18,700 ♪♪ 758 00:44:18,733 --> 00:44:20,400 -Yeah! -Yeah! 759 00:44:20,433 --> 00:44:22,433 That went all kinds of places. 760 00:44:22,466 --> 00:44:24,866 -[ Laughs ] Stewart looks stunned. 761 00:44:24,900 --> 00:44:26,666 [ Laughter ] 762 00:44:26,700 --> 00:44:31,100 -Well, I was definitely keeping in mind, "Mistakes are good." 763 00:44:31,133 --> 00:44:32,533 [ Laughter ] 764 00:44:32,566 --> 00:44:34,166 -Well, you know, it's a language. 765 00:44:34,200 --> 00:44:35,733 So, I'm counting the bars. 766 00:44:35,766 --> 00:44:37,200 [ Scatting ] 767 00:44:37,233 --> 00:44:38,600 ♪ One, two, three 768 00:44:38,633 --> 00:44:41,866 [ Scatting ] 769 00:44:41,900 --> 00:44:47,566 ♪♪ 770 00:44:47,600 --> 00:44:50,233 That's eight bars. Now you develop... 771 00:44:50,266 --> 00:44:52,566 [ Scatting ] 772 00:44:52,600 --> 00:44:54,066 [ Bass playing ] 773 00:44:54,100 --> 00:44:55,933 [ Scatting ] 774 00:44:55,966 --> 00:45:02,500 ♪♪ 775 00:45:02,533 --> 00:45:04,133 Now we're walking. 776 00:45:04,166 --> 00:45:11,333 ♪♪ 777 00:45:11,366 --> 00:45:18,533 ♪♪ 778 00:45:18,566 --> 00:45:20,033 Then you bring it back home. 779 00:45:20,066 --> 00:45:22,000 [ Scatting ] 780 00:45:22,033 --> 00:45:23,966 Then we go out with... 781 00:45:24,000 --> 00:45:26,300 [ Scatting ] 782 00:45:26,333 --> 00:45:28,333 So you bring us  back. 783 00:45:28,366 --> 00:45:29,666 You dig? -Let's try it. 784 00:45:29,700 --> 00:45:32,700 So you go back to your theme. -Let's try that. 785 00:45:32,733 --> 00:45:33,966 -Yeah. Okay? -Okay. 786 00:45:34,000 --> 00:45:35,500 -Yeah. 787 00:45:35,533 --> 00:45:45,266 ♪♪ 788 00:45:45,300 --> 00:45:55,033 ♪♪ 789 00:45:55,066 --> 00:46:04,866 ♪♪ 790 00:46:04,900 --> 00:46:14,633 ♪♪ 791 00:46:14,666 --> 00:46:24,400 ♪♪ 792 00:46:24,433 --> 00:46:34,166 ♪♪ 793 00:46:34,200 --> 00:46:43,933 ♪♪ 794 00:46:43,966 --> 00:46:53,700 ♪♪ 795 00:46:53,733 --> 00:47:03,533 ♪♪ 796 00:47:03,566 --> 00:47:07,300 -Stewart is one of the few classical concert pianists 797 00:47:07,333 --> 00:47:08,833 who can improvise. 798 00:47:08,866 --> 00:47:10,866 I hoped that exploring a new style 799 00:47:10,900 --> 00:47:13,533 would provide some new inspiration... 800 00:47:16,100 --> 00:47:17,933 ...along with one last hike, 801 00:47:17,966 --> 00:47:20,500 on the morning of the dress rehearsal. 802 00:47:20,533 --> 00:47:29,833 ♪♪ 803 00:47:29,866 --> 00:47:39,166 ♪♪ 804 00:47:39,200 --> 00:47:48,500 ♪♪ 805 00:47:48,533 --> 00:47:57,833 ♪♪ 806 00:47:57,866 --> 00:47:59,833 [ Waves crashing ] 807 00:48:18,066 --> 00:48:27,600 ♪♪ 808 00:48:27,633 --> 00:48:37,166 ♪♪ 809 00:48:37,200 --> 00:48:46,766 ♪♪ 810 00:48:46,800 --> 00:48:56,333 ♪♪ 811 00:48:56,366 --> 00:49:05,966 ♪♪ 812 00:49:06,000 --> 00:49:15,533 ♪♪ 813 00:49:15,566 --> 00:49:25,133 ♪♪ 814 00:49:25,166 --> 00:49:34,700 ♪♪ 815 00:49:34,733 --> 00:49:36,966 [ Birds crying ] 816 00:49:37,000 --> 00:49:45,300 ♪♪ 817 00:49:45,333 --> 00:49:53,633 ♪♪ 818 00:49:53,666 --> 00:50:01,933 ♪♪ 819 00:50:01,966 --> 00:50:10,266 ♪♪ 820 00:50:10,300 --> 00:50:18,600 ♪♪ 821 00:50:18,633 --> 00:50:26,933 ♪♪ 822 00:50:26,966 --> 00:50:35,266 ♪♪ 823 00:50:35,300 --> 00:50:43,566 ♪♪ 824 00:50:43,600 --> 00:50:51,900 ♪♪ 825 00:50:51,933 --> 00:51:00,300 ♪♪ 826 00:51:00,333 --> 00:51:03,200 This is the cadenza I hoped he'd deliver -- 827 00:51:03,233 --> 00:51:07,200 in the style of Mozart, with a touch of the modern. 828 00:51:07,233 --> 00:51:11,366 And I knew Stewart was ready for his performance at the festival. 829 00:51:11,400 --> 00:51:21,066 ♪♪ 830 00:51:21,100 --> 00:51:30,766 ♪♪ 831 00:51:30,800 --> 00:51:40,466 ♪♪ 832 00:51:40,500 --> 00:51:50,166 ♪♪ 833 00:51:50,200 --> 00:51:59,866 ♪♪ 834 00:51:59,900 --> 00:52:09,633 ♪♪ 835 00:52:09,666 --> 00:52:19,333 ♪♪ 836 00:52:19,366 --> 00:52:29,033 ♪♪ 837 00:52:29,066 --> 00:52:31,600 I've known Mozart's music my whole life, 838 00:52:31,633 --> 00:52:34,833 but I've never seen anyone do it like this -- 839 00:52:34,866 --> 00:52:38,433 playing, conducting, and improvising. 840 00:52:38,466 --> 00:52:43,300 And except for this, you may never, either. 841 00:52:43,333 --> 00:52:46,633 However, a once-in-a-lifetime feat today 842 00:52:46,666 --> 00:52:51,233 was every  performance for the genius that was Mozart. 843 00:52:51,266 --> 00:52:55,866 I'm Scott Yoo, and I hope you can Now Hear This. 844 00:52:55,900 --> 00:53:01,800 ♪♪ 845 00:53:05,300 --> 00:53:13,933 ♪♪ 846 00:53:13,966 --> 00:53:22,666 ♪♪ 847 00:53:22,700 --> 00:53:31,366 ♪♪ 848 00:53:31,400 --> 00:53:32,800 -To find out more about this 849 00:53:32,833 --> 00:53:34,500 and other "Great Performances" programs, 850 00:53:34,533 --> 00:53:37,800 visit PBS.org/greatperformances. 851 00:53:37,833 --> 00:53:40,700 Find us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter. 852 00:53:40,733 --> 00:53:48,600 ♪♪ 853 00:53:48,633 --> 00:53:56,466 ♪♪ 854 00:53:56,500 --> 00:54:04,466 ♪♪ 60105

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.