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{\an7}Clive: THIS WEEK MARY-ANN AND I
TRY TO CRACK
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00:00:04,920 --> 00:00:07,880
{\an7}\h\hONE OF BRITAIN’S
GREATEST MYSTERIES.
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00:00:07,920 --> 00:00:10,800
{\an7}\h\h\hSTONEHENGE.
WHAT’S THE POINT?
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00:00:10,840 --> 00:00:12,480
{\an7}Mary-Ann: IT’S A BIT LIKE LEGO.
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00:00:12,520 --> 00:00:14,120
{\an7}Clive: OH.
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00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:16,960
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWE’LL TAKE A LOOK
AT THE LATEST THEORIES...
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00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:21,480
{\an7}Mary-Ann: STONEHENGE
IS FOUNDED BY A COW.
8
00:00:21,520 --> 00:00:24,240
{\an7}...FACE CHILLING SURPRISES...
9
00:00:24,280 --> 00:00:26,240
{\an7}SO, THESE ARE NAZI COWS?
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00:00:28,280 --> 00:00:32,320
{\an7}Clive: ...AND TRY OUT AUTHENTIC
STONE AGE BUILDING TECHNIQUES...
11
00:00:32,360 --> 00:00:34,200
{\an7}\hSO THIS COMES FROM
NOT THE COPPER AGE;
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00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:36,280
{\an7}THIS IS FROM THE B&Q AGE.
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00:00:36,320 --> 00:00:39,320
{\an7}\h\h\hMary-Ann: ...WHILE I’LL BE
PUTTING THE EXPERTS ON THE SPOT.
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{\an7}THE BEAKER PEOPLE
\hBUGGERED IT UP.
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00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:41,880
{\an7}Man: YEAH, THEY DID.
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00:00:43,600 --> 00:00:46,320
{\an7}Clive: WELCOME TO BRITAIN’S
\h\h\hMOST MYSTIC MONUMENT.
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00:00:50,640 --> 00:00:52,800
{\an7}♪
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00:00:52,840 --> 00:00:56,480
{\an7}THE BRITISH ISLES HAVE
\hA VERY LONG HISTORY.
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00:00:56,520 --> 00:01:00,320
{\an7}\h\hPEOPLE HAVE BEEN LIVING HERE
FOR TENS OF THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
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00:01:00,360 --> 00:01:01,760
{\an7}AND THE FURTHER BACK YOU GO,
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00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:04,080
{\an7}THE MORE ELUSIVE AND MYSTERIOUS
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00:01:04,120 --> 00:01:07,480
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE LIVES OF THOSE
ANCIENT BRITONS APPEAR TO BE.
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00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:10,120
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITCHES.
DO YOU BELIEVE IN WITCHES?
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00:01:10,160 --> 00:01:11,800
{\an7}Mary-Ann: I THINK I DO.
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{\an7}\h\h\hClive: WHO WERE
THESE ANCIENT BRITONS?
26
00:01:13,800 --> 00:01:15,600
{\an7}WHAT DID THEY BELIEVE?
27
00:01:15,640 --> 00:01:18,160
{\an7}WHAT WAS THEIR WORLD LIKE?
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00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:19,840
{\an7}Mary-Ann: ARE YOU A FAN
\h\hOF HUMAN SACRIFICE?
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00:01:19,880 --> 00:01:21,880
{\an7}\h\h\hClive: I DON’T
PRACTICE IT MYSELF.
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00:01:21,920 --> 00:01:23,520
{\an7}AS A TALK SHOW HOST,
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{\an7}I SHOULD KNOW HOW TO ASK
\h\h\h\hA GOOD QUESTION.
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{\an7}WHERE ARE WE GOING TO, MARY-ANN?
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{\an7}Mary-Ann: CLIVE, WE ARE OFF
\h\h\h\h\h\hON AN ADVENTURE.
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hClive: BUT ANSWERS
ARE NOT REALLY MY STRONG SUIT.
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00:01:33,400 --> 00:01:34,880
{\an7}MUMMIES OR NOT MUMMIES?
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
IT’S A TRICKY ONE, ISN’T IT?
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{\an7}[BLARING]
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{\an7}Clive: SO I’VE ROPED IN
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{\an7}SOMEONE WITH MORE INSIGHT
\h\hINTO THE ANCIENT WORLD
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00:01:42,760 --> 00:01:44,360
{\an7}THAN I’LL EVER HAVE--
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{\an7}ANTHROPOLOGIST MARY-ANN OCHOTA.
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00:01:47,120 --> 00:01:48,800
{\an7}\hClive: OLD BONES,
LOOKING AT THE PAST,
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00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:50,280
{\an7}YOU KNOW EVERYTHING, DON’T YOU?
44
00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:53,760
{\an7}Mary-Ann: I LIKE TO ASK A LOT
\hOF QUESTIONS ABOUT THE PAST.
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00:01:53,800 --> 00:01:57,480
{\an7}Clive: TOGETHER WE’RE GOING TO
\h\hUNLOCK THE MYSTIC SECRETS
46
00:01:57,520 --> 00:01:59,880
{\an7}OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.
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00:01:59,920 --> 00:02:03,840
{\an7}\hMary-Ann: I’VE DECIDED TO
HARNESS THE FORCES OF EVIL.
48
00:02:03,880 --> 00:02:07,080
{\an7}\hPREPARE TO EMBRACE
THE VERY ODD INDEED.
49
00:02:09,320 --> 00:02:11,200
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hClive: RIGHT.
I’M READY FOR ALL COMERS.
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00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:20,480
{\an7}♪
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{\an7}Clive: STONEHENGE,
52
00:02:22,280 --> 00:02:24,160
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hONE OF THE MOST
ICONIC PLACES IN THE WORLD.
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00:02:27,400 --> 00:02:28,600
{\an7}OVER A MILLION PEOPLE
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00:02:28,640 --> 00:02:31,560
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hARE DRAWN TO THIS
ANCIENT MONUMENT EVERY YEAR,
55
00:02:31,600 --> 00:02:34,480
{\an7}INCLUDING TOURISTS, ACADEMICS...
56
00:02:34,520 --> 00:02:35,840
{\an7}AND TV PRESENTERS.
57
00:02:38,160 --> 00:02:39,640
{\an7}IS IT MAGICAL?
58
00:02:39,680 --> 00:02:40,760
{\an7}A RELIGIOUS TEMPLE?
59
00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:43,600
{\an7}A CELESTIAL CLOCK?
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00:02:43,640 --> 00:02:45,560
{\an7}IT CERTAINLY WASN’T A PRISON.
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hI MEAN, EVEN I
COULD ESCAPE FROM THAT.
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00:02:49,120 --> 00:02:50,880
{\an7}WHY WAS STONEHENGE BUILT?
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00:02:50,920 --> 00:02:52,960
{\an7}AND WHY WAS IT BUILT RIGHT HERE?
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00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:56,320
{\an7}WELL, NOBODY SEEMS TO KNOW.
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00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:57,640
{\an7}THE ONLY THING WE DO KNOW,
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00:02:57,680 --> 00:02:59,960
{\an7}\h\h\hAND DON’T TAKE THIS
THE WRONG WAY, WILTSHIRE,
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00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:01,920
{\an7}\h\h\hIS THAT IT WAS BUILT
IN THE MIDDLE OF NOWHERE.
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00:03:04,960 --> 00:03:08,480
{\an7}SALISBURY PLAIN IS A VAST,
\hEMPTY PATCH OF GRASSLAND
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00:03:08,520 --> 00:03:10,600
{\an7}\h\h\hABOUT 90 MILES
SOUTHWEST OF LONDON.
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00:03:13,080 --> 00:03:14,840
{\an7}WHAT WAS THIS PLACE?
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00:03:14,880 --> 00:03:16,200
{\an7}AND WHY,
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00:03:16,240 --> 00:03:18,680
{\an7}\h\h\hTHOUSANDS OF YEARS AFTER
THE CIVILIZATION THAT BUILT IT
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{\an7}IS LOST IN THE MISTS OF TIME,
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00:03:20,480 --> 00:03:23,480
{\an7}ARE PEOPLE STILL DRAWN HERE?
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00:03:23,520 --> 00:03:25,880
{\an7}\h\h\hARCHAEOLOGIST
MIKE PARKER PEARSON
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00:03:25,920 --> 00:03:27,520
{\an7}IS ONE OF THEM.
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00:03:27,560 --> 00:03:28,920
{\an7}HE’S SPENT MORE THAN TWO DECADES
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00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:32,640
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTRYING TO DISCOVER
THE SECRETS OF THE STONES.
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00:03:32,680 --> 00:03:36,120
{\an7}\h\hWE’VE GOT SPECIAL PERMISSION
TO GET FAR CLOSER TO THE STONES
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00:03:36,160 --> 00:03:38,640
{\an7}THAN MOST TOURISTS EVER CAN.
81
00:03:38,680 --> 00:03:40,080
{\an7}WELL, MIKE, YOU’RE GONNA UNWRAP
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00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:42,680
{\an7}SOME OF THE MYSTERIES
OF STONEHENGE FOR ME.
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00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:44,400
{\an7}WHERE DO THESE STONES COME FROM?
84
00:03:44,440 --> 00:03:45,800
{\an7}Mike Parker Pearson:
\hWELL, THE BIG ONES
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00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:48,040
{\an7}THAT ARE CALLED SARSENS,
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00:03:48,080 --> 00:03:50,200
{\an7}THEY’RE A TYPE OF SANDSTONE,
87
00:03:50,240 --> 00:03:53,200
{\an7}AND WE THINK THAT THEY COME FROM
ABOUT 20 MILES AWAY.
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00:03:53,240 --> 00:03:54,680
{\an7}THAT’S THE MARLBOROUGH DOWNS,
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00:03:54,720 --> 00:03:56,400
{\an7}NEAR THE GREAT STONE CIRCLE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF AVEBURY.
90
00:03:56,440 --> 00:03:57,720
{\an7}Clive: RIGHT,
91
00:03:57,760 --> 00:03:59,240
{\an7}BUT THAT’S QUITE A DISTANCE
\h\h\hTO BRING THESE THINGS.
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00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:01,200
{\an7}Mike: SOME OF THESE
ARE NEARLY 30 TONS.
93
00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:02,280
{\an7}Clive: YEAH.
94
00:04:02,320 --> 00:04:03,920
{\an7}Mike: SO A HUGE UNDERTAKING.
95
00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:06,240
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT IN A WAY,
DWARFED BY THE DISTANCE
96
00:04:06,280 --> 00:04:08,880
{\an7}MOVED BY THE LITTLE ONES HERE.
97
00:04:08,920 --> 00:04:11,480
{\an7}\hTHESE ARE KNOWN
AS THE BLUESTONES,
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00:04:11,520 --> 00:04:15,360
{\an7}AND THEIR ORIGIN IS 180 MILES
\h\h\h\h\hAWAY TO THE WEST...
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00:04:15,400 --> 00:04:16,400
{\an7}Clive: YEAH.
100
00:04:16,440 --> 00:04:18,200
{\an7}Mike: IN SOUTHWEST WALES.
101
00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:20,080
{\an7}Clive: SO THAT’S QUITE
A DISTANCE, OBVIOUSLY.
102
00:04:20,120 --> 00:04:21,960
{\an7}AND ALL BROUGHT HOW?
103
00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:23,320
{\an7}THERE WEREN’T LORRIES,
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00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:25,320
{\an7}THERE WEREN’T HORSES AND CARTS
\h\h\h\hOR ANYTHING LIKE THAT.
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00:04:25,360 --> 00:04:26,840
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hMike: YEAH,
NO, NO WHEELED VEHICLES.
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00:04:26,880 --> 00:04:28,360
{\an7}Clive: NO.
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00:04:28,400 --> 00:04:29,640
{\an7}ACCORDING TO MIKE,
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00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:33,720
{\an7}\h\hTHESE BLUESTONES WEIGH
BETWEEN TWO AND FOUR TONS,
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00:04:33,760 --> 00:04:36,760
{\an7}AND WHILE THEY MIGHT BE DWARFED
BY THE MIGHTY SARSEN STONES,
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00:04:36,800 --> 00:04:40,240
{\an7}\h\hI’D LIKE TO SEE YOU TRY TO
DRAG THEM 180 MILES FROM WALES
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00:04:40,280 --> 00:04:42,400
{\an7}WITHOUT WHEELS.
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00:04:42,440 --> 00:04:47,120
{\an7}\h\h\h\hMike: AND IT’S THE ONLY
MEGALITHIC MONUMENT IN THE WORLD
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00:04:47,160 --> 00:04:49,720
{\an7}REALLY THAT ACTUALLY HAS
\h\h\hITS RAW MATERIALS
114
00:04:49,760 --> 00:04:52,840
{\an7}\h\h\hBROUGHT FROM SUCH
EXTRAORDINARY DISTANCES.
115
00:04:52,880 --> 00:04:54,600
{\an7}NEOLITHIC PEOPLE ACROSS EUROPE,
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00:04:54,640 --> 00:04:59,440
{\an7}THEY NEVER MOVED ANY OF THEIR
\h\hSTONES MORE THAN 10 MILES.
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00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:00,680
{\an7}Clive: TYPICAL BRITS,
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00:05:00,720 --> 00:05:03,000
{\an7}\h\hALWAYS MAKING LIFE
HARDER FOR THEMSELVES.
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00:05:04,920 --> 00:05:07,880
{\an7}MAYBE IF WE’D SPENT LESS TIME
\h\h\h\hSHIFTING GIANT STONES,
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00:05:07,920 --> 00:05:11,960
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWE COULD’VE GOT ON
WITH INVENTING THE WHEEL.
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00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:14,960
{\an7}\hIF WE JUST LOOK AT
THESE SARSEN STONES,
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00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:18,880
{\an7}\h\hYOU SAY THEY’RE 25,
MAYBE 30 TONS IN WEIGHT?
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00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:20,840
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hYOU’VE GOT
FURTHER STONES ON TOP.
124
00:05:20,880 --> 00:05:22,600
{\an7}THEY’RE ALSO SARSEN STONES,
\h\h\h\h\h\hARE THEY, THOSE?
125
00:05:22,640 --> 00:05:23,600
{\an7}Mike: THAT’S RIGHT.
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00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:24,880
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hClive:
SO HOW HAVE THEY DONE THAT?
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00:05:24,920 --> 00:05:26,280
{\an7}Mike: THE SIMPLEST ANSWER
\h\hIS THAT NOBODY KNOWS.
128
00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:27,320
{\an7}Clive: YEAH.
129
00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:28,720
{\an7}THAT’S BEEN THE ANSWER
130
00:05:28,760 --> 00:05:30,800
{\an7}TO VIRTUALLY EVERY QUESTION
\hI’VE ASKED IN THIS PROGRAM
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00:05:30,840 --> 00:05:31,960
{\an7}AND THIS SERIES.
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00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:33,880
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h[LAUGHS]
YOU KNOW! YOU KNOW!
133
00:05:33,920 --> 00:05:36,200
{\an7}Mike: WELL, I’VE GOT SOME IDEAS.
134
00:05:36,240 --> 00:05:39,400
{\an7}I THINK IF YOU BRING IN A RAMP
135
00:05:39,440 --> 00:05:41,760
{\an7}AND YOU’RE PULLING IT
\h\h\h\hUP THE INCLINE
136
00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:44,400
{\an7}AND THEN YOU JUST
DIG THE SOIL AWAY
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00:05:44,440 --> 00:05:46,440
{\an7}ONCE YOU’VE REACHED THE TOP
138
00:05:46,480 --> 00:05:50,080
{\an7}AND THEN THE STONE
\h\hCOMES TO REST.
139
00:05:50,120 --> 00:05:51,480
{\an7}Clive: CLEVER,
140
00:05:51,520 --> 00:05:53,440
{\an7}BUT IT’S A GOOD 5,000 YEARS
141
00:05:53,480 --> 00:05:55,800
{\an7}SINCE STONE AGE MAN
BEGAN BUILDING HERE,
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00:05:55,840 --> 00:05:59,760
{\an7}\h\hAND STONEHENGE IS DEFINITELY
SHOWING ITS AGE HERE AND THERE.
143
00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:03,120
{\an7}♪
144
00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:05,280
{\an7}SO, WHAT DID IT LOOK LIKE
\h\h\hBACK IN ITS HEYDAY?
145
00:06:08,800 --> 00:06:12,360
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO ANSWER THAT,
I’VE INSISTED WE GO TO A PUB.
146
00:06:12,400 --> 00:06:14,400
{\an7}\h\hIT’S THIRSTY WORK,
THIS MYSTERY SOLVING.
147
00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:18,400
{\an7}AH, RIGHT.
148
00:06:18,440 --> 00:06:21,280
{\an7}SO, THIS IS STONEHENGE?
149
00:06:21,320 --> 00:06:25,080
{\an7}\h\hMIKE WANTS TO SHOW ME
A DETAILED RECONSTRUCTION,
150
00:06:25,120 --> 00:06:28,080
{\an7}\h\hBUILT ENTIRELY OUT OF
CHILDREN’S WOODEN BLOCKS,
151
00:06:28,120 --> 00:06:30,640
{\an7}\h\h\hWHICH IS ABOUT AS FAR
AS OUR BUDGET WOULD STRETCH.
152
00:06:30,680 --> 00:06:32,560
{\an7}WE NEEDN’T BOTHERED GOING
\hTO THE REAL STONEHENGE.
153
00:06:32,600 --> 00:06:35,400
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWE COULD’VE JUST
FILMED THIS IN CLOSE-UP.
154
00:06:35,440 --> 00:06:37,800
{\an7}\h\hUM, BUT THIS IS NOT
STONEHENGE AS IT IS NOW.
155
00:06:37,840 --> 00:06:41,200
{\an7}\hMike: SO THIS WAS BUILT
SOMEWHERE AROUND 2000 B.C.
156
00:06:41,240 --> 00:06:42,520
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hClive:
AND THEY LIKED THIS AND SAID
157
00:06:42,560 --> 00:06:43,920
{\an7}LET’S MAKE IT OUT OF STONE NOW.
158
00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:44,920
{\an7}Mike: YES.
159
00:06:44,960 --> 00:06:46,440
{\an7}Clive: ONLY BIGGER.
160
00:06:46,480 --> 00:06:48,720
{\an7}SO HOW DID THEY COME UP
\hWITH THIS ARRANGEMENT?
161
00:06:48,760 --> 00:06:50,000
{\an7}Mike: WELL, IT’S ACTUALLY
162
00:06:50,040 --> 00:06:52,880
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHUNDREDS OF YEARS
OF EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT,
163
00:06:52,920 --> 00:06:55,360
{\an7}SO THIS IS FOUR STAGES IN,
164
00:06:55,400 --> 00:06:57,600
{\an7}AND WE CAN GO BACK IN TIME
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hQUITE SIMPLY
165
00:06:57,640 --> 00:07:01,360
{\an7}BECAUSE STAGE THREE,
166
00:07:01,400 --> 00:07:03,760
{\an7}\hTHESE BLUESTONES WERE
ARRANGED IN A CIRCLE...
167
00:07:03,800 --> 00:07:05,040
{\an7}Clive: OK.
168
00:07:05,080 --> 00:07:08,040
{\an7}Mike: STAGE TWO...
169
00:07:08,080 --> 00:07:09,520
{\an7}SO WE JUST HAVE...
170
00:07:09,560 --> 00:07:11,040
{\an7}Clive: NEW BLUESTONES.
171
00:07:11,080 --> 00:07:12,360
{\an7}Mike: A SINGLE ARRANGEMENT.
172
00:07:12,400 --> 00:07:14,760
{\an7}AND THEN IF WE WANT TO GO BACK
\h\h\h\h\hTO THE FIRST STAGE,
173
00:07:14,800 --> 00:07:16,640
{\an7}5,000 YEARS AGO,
174
00:07:16,680 --> 00:07:18,560
{\an7}LET’S TAKE THEM AWAY...
175
00:07:18,600 --> 00:07:21,720
{\an7}LET ME KNOCK SOME DOWN.
176
00:07:21,760 --> 00:07:23,960
{\an7}Clive: YEAH, LET’S GO CRAZY.
177
00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:28,600
{\an7}Mike: AND THEN WE MOVE THESE
\h\h\hALL THE WAY OUT HERE.
178
00:07:28,640 --> 00:07:29,640
{\an7}Clive: OK, AND THAT’S WHAT
\h\h\hIT STARTED OFF LIKE.
179
00:07:29,680 --> 00:07:31,720
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMike:
AND THAT’S HOW IT STARTED OFF.
180
00:07:31,760 --> 00:07:32,720
{\an7}Clive: GOT IT?
181
00:07:32,760 --> 00:07:33,680
{\an7}NO, I DIDN’T EITHER,
182
00:07:33,720 --> 00:07:35,520
{\an7}SO I HAD TO LOOK IT UP
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN A BOOK.
183
00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:40,520
{\an7}AROUND 5,000 YEARS AGO,
184
00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:42,600
{\an7}THEY BUILT THE FIRST HUGE CIRCLE
185
00:07:42,640 --> 00:07:45,400
{\an7}WITH THE WELSH BLUESTONE.
186
00:07:45,440 --> 00:07:47,720
{\an7}500 YEARS LATER THEY RENOVATED,
187
00:07:47,760 --> 00:07:49,840
{\an7}MOVING THE BLUESTONES
\h\h\hINTO THE CENTER
188
00:07:49,880 --> 00:07:52,520
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND INTRODUCING
THE LARGE SARSEN STONES
189
00:07:52,560 --> 00:07:54,120
{\an7}TO MAKE THE CLASSIC
ARCHES AND LINTELS.
190
00:07:58,200 --> 00:07:59,520
{\an7}STILL NOT SATISFIED,
191
00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:00,960
{\an7}300 YEARS AFTER THAT
192
00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:03,400
{\an7}THEY DECIDED TO REARRANGE
\h\hTHE BLUESTONES AGAIN.
193
00:08:06,680 --> 00:08:08,440
{\an7}OK.
194
00:08:08,480 --> 00:08:11,600
{\an7}\h\h\hSO WE NOW KNOW
WHAT IT LOOKED LIKE.
195
00:08:11,640 --> 00:08:14,720
{\an7}\hBUT WE DON’T KNOW
WHO BUILT IT OR WHY.
196
00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:16,000
{\an7}ANY THOUGHTS, MARY-ANN?
197
00:08:19,720 --> 00:08:21,160
{\an7}Mary-Ann: THE TRUTH IS, CLIVE,
198
00:08:21,200 --> 00:08:22,400
{\an7}NO ONE’S REALLY SURE
199
00:08:22,440 --> 00:08:25,720
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHAT THE BUILDERS
OF STONEHENGE WERE THINKING,
200
00:08:25,760 --> 00:08:30,640
{\an7}AND THAT’S LEFT THE DOOR OPEN
\hFOR SOME INTERESTING IDEAS.
201
00:08:30,680 --> 00:08:32,360
{\an7}ACCORDING TO SOME PEOPLE,
202
00:08:32,400 --> 00:08:34,920
{\an7}STONEHENGE WAS BUILT BY DRUIDS.
203
00:08:34,960 --> 00:08:35,960
{\an7}IT WASN’T.
204
00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:38,320
{\an7}THAT’S AN 18th-CENTURY
\h\h\h\hMISCONCEPTION.
205
00:08:38,360 --> 00:08:39,800
{\an7}OTHER PEOPLE THINK
206
00:08:39,840 --> 00:08:41,800
{\an7}\hIT HAS SOMETHING TO DO WITH
EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL TECHNOLOGY.
207
00:08:41,840 --> 00:08:43,160
{\an7}IT DOESN’T.
208
00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:45,880
{\an7}THAT’S A 20th-CENTURY
\h\h\h\hMISCONCEPTION.
209
00:08:45,920 --> 00:08:47,720
{\an7}ONE OF MY FAVORITE THEORIES IS,
210
00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:50,840
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hACCORDING TO
A MEDIEVAL WRITER CALLED WACE,
211
00:08:50,880 --> 00:08:53,880
{\an7}\hTHIS THING WAS BUILT
BY MERLIN THE MAGICIAN
212
00:08:53,920 --> 00:08:55,680
{\an7}WITH THE HELP OF A GIANT.
213
00:08:57,400 --> 00:09:00,760
{\an7}LOOK, THERE’S MERLIN THE WIZARD
214
00:09:00,800 --> 00:09:04,200
{\an7}INSTRUCTING THE GIANT TO LIFT UP
ONE OF THE LINTEL STONES,
215
00:09:04,240 --> 00:09:07,720
{\an7}\hBUT THE GIANT MAKES IT
LOOK LIKE CHILD’S PLAY.
216
00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:11,400
{\an7}BUT IF YOU’RE IN THE MARKET FOR
A MORE PLAUSIBLE EXPLANATION,
217
00:09:11,440 --> 00:09:14,360
{\an7}THERE’S PLENTY TO CHOOSE FROM.
218
00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:16,120
{\an7}EXPERTS ARE STILL ARGUING
219
00:09:16,160 --> 00:09:18,440
{\an7}OVER WHETHER STONEHENGE
\h\hWAS A BURIAL GROUND,
220
00:09:18,480 --> 00:09:20,560
{\an7}A SOLAR OBSERVATORY,
221
00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:25,920
{\an7}OR A STAGE FOR STONE AGE,
\h\h\h\hUM, ROCK CONCERTS.
222
00:09:25,960 --> 00:09:27,880
{\an7}\hANYWAY, YOU GET
THE GENERAL IDEA.
223
00:09:27,920 --> 00:09:31,160
{\an7}THERE ARE MORE THEORIES
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAN FACTS.
224
00:09:31,200 --> 00:09:32,760
{\an7}DESPITE THE DEBATE,
225
00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:35,400
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHERE IS ONE THING
THAT EVERYBODY AGREES ON--
226
00:09:35,440 --> 00:09:39,200
{\an7}\h\h\hIT HAD SOME KIND
OF CEREMONIAL PURPOSE,
227
00:09:39,240 --> 00:09:42,200
{\an7}A MYSTIC PURPOSE.
228
00:09:42,240 --> 00:09:44,600
{\an7}BUT WHAT WAS IT?
229
00:09:44,640 --> 00:09:46,240
{\an7}WELL, PARTS OF THE ANSWER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO THAT
230
00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:48,040
{\an7}MAY LIE WITH THE BLUESTONES
231
00:09:48,080 --> 00:09:52,440
{\an7}THAT FORMED THE EARLIEST VERSION
OF STONEHENGE.
232
00:09:52,480 --> 00:09:55,600
{\an7}OR RATHER UNDER THEM.
233
00:09:55,640 --> 00:10:00,640
{\an7}♪
234
00:10:00,680 --> 00:10:03,560
{\an7}\h\h\h\h56 HOLES AROUND
THE EDGE OF THE MONUMENT
235
00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:07,760
{\an7}\h\h\hMARK THE SITES WHERE
THE BLUESTONES ONCE STOOD.
236
00:10:07,800 --> 00:10:09,800
{\an7}THEY WERE DISCOVERED
IN THE 17th CENTURY
237
00:10:09,840 --> 00:10:12,960
{\an7}BY A CHAP CALLED JOHN AUBREY.
238
00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:15,280
{\an7}THEY’RE KNOWN AS--WAIT FOR IT--
239
00:10:15,320 --> 00:10:17,280
{\an7}AUBREY HOLES.
240
00:10:17,320 --> 00:10:18,640
{\an7}WHO’D HAVE GUESSED IT?
241
00:10:20,760 --> 00:10:21,840
{\an7}AT SOME POINT
242
00:10:21,880 --> 00:10:24,880
{\an7}STONE AGE RENOVATORS
MOVED THE BLUESTONES
243
00:10:24,920 --> 00:10:26,680
{\an7}BUT NOT WHAT WAS BENEATH THEM.
244
00:10:28,400 --> 00:10:29,680
{\an7}\h\hChristie Willis:
OK, SO HERE WE HAVE
245
00:10:29,720 --> 00:10:31,800
{\an7}SOME OF THE HALF A MILLION
\h\h\h\h\hBONE FRAGMENTS.
246
00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:32,920
{\an7}Mary-Ann: HALF A MILLION?
247
00:10:32,960 --> 00:10:35,880
{\an7}Christie: YES, YES.
THERE’S A LOT HERE.
248
00:10:35,920 --> 00:10:38,280
{\an7}Mary-Ann: THE BONES WERE FOUND
\h\h\hIN SEVERAL OF THE HOLES
249
00:10:38,320 --> 00:10:42,560
{\an7}BY ARCHAEOLOGIST WILLIAM HAWLEY
IN THE 1920s.
250
00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:43,720
{\an7}NOW, HAWLEY’S APPROACH
251
00:10:43,760 --> 00:10:46,440
{\an7}\hTO PRESERVING A SITE
FOR HISTORICAL PURITY
252
00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:48,920
{\an7}DIFFERS A TEENY BIT
\h\h\hFROM TODAY’S.
253
00:10:48,960 --> 00:10:52,160
{\an7}\h\h\h\hHE ACTUALLY REBUILT
PART OF STONEHENGE USING...
254
00:10:52,200 --> 00:10:55,400
{\an7}\h\h\hWELL, LET’S JUST SAY
NON-STONE AGE TECHNIQUES.
255
00:10:57,720 --> 00:11:01,680
{\an7}AND FOLLOWING THE SAME SLIGHTLY
CASUAL APPROACH TO ARCHAEOLOGY,
256
00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:04,160
{\an7}\h\h\h\hALL THE BONES FROM
THE DIFFERENT AUBREY HOLES
257
00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:08,720
{\an7}WERE DUMPED INTO ONE HOLE
\h\h\hWHEN THEY WERE DONE.
258
00:11:08,760 --> 00:11:10,360
{\an7}IN ONE FELL SWOOP,
259
00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:11,920
{\an7}THEY TOTALLY SCUPPERED THE WORK
260
00:11:11,960 --> 00:11:14,080
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF FUTURE
STONEHENGE ARCHAEOLOGISTS.
261
00:11:16,760 --> 00:11:19,480
{\an7}THIS IS ALL CREMATED BONE?
262
00:11:19,520 --> 00:11:20,520
{\an7}Christie: YES.
263
00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:21,560
{\an7}Mary-Ann: EXTRAORDINARY.
264
00:11:21,600 --> 00:11:22,880
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIT LOOKS LIKE
AN UNSOLVABLE PUZZLE.
265
00:11:25,200 --> 00:11:28,160
{\an7}CHRISTIE WILLIS HAS SPENT
\h\h\h\hTHE LAST SIX YEARS
266
00:11:28,200 --> 00:11:29,360
{\an7}TRYING TO SOLVE IT
267
00:11:29,400 --> 00:11:32,360
{\an7}AND CURSING HAWLEY’S NAME
\h\h\h\h\hWITH EVERY BONE.
268
00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:33,960
{\an7}AND LET’S FACE IT--
269
00:11:34,000 --> 00:11:36,680
{\an7}THERE ARE A LOT OF BONES.
270
00:11:36,720 --> 00:11:39,360
{\an7}SERIOUSLY, THIS WOMAN
\h\hDESERVES A MEDAL.
271
00:11:39,400 --> 00:11:42,520
{\an7}CRIKEY, YOU’RE A SUPERWOMAN.
272
00:11:42,560 --> 00:11:44,400
{\an7}HOW MANY PEOPLE IS THAT?
273
00:11:44,440 --> 00:11:47,880
{\an7}AND HOW ON EARTH DID YOU
GO ABOUT WORKING OUT...
274
00:11:47,920 --> 00:11:49,880
{\an7}OH, WOW, LOOK AT THIS, CHRISTIE.
275
00:11:49,920 --> 00:11:51,680
{\an7}MY GOSH!
276
00:11:51,720 --> 00:11:53,280
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hChristie:
YES, IT WAS A LOT OF WORK.
277
00:11:53,320 --> 00:11:56,520
{\an7}WE HAVE, BASED ON HAWLEY’S
\h\h\hEXCAVATION DIARIES,
278
00:11:56,560 --> 00:12:00,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\hABOUT 60 PEOPLE
BURIED AT AUBREY HOLES,
279
00:12:00,080 --> 00:12:03,640
{\an7}\hSO MY JOB WAS TO TRY TO
ISOLATE THESE INDIVIDUALS.
280
00:12:03,680 --> 00:12:07,040
{\an7}NOW, I MANAGED TO ISOLATE 26.
281
00:12:07,080 --> 00:12:11,040
{\an7}I WAS ABLE TO FIND 21 ADULT
\h\hAND THEN FIVE CHILDREN.
282
00:12:11,080 --> 00:12:11,960
{\an7}Mary-Ann: WOW.
283
00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:14,360
{\an7}Christie: SO WE HAVE A FETUS,
284
00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:15,840
{\an7}AN INFANT,
285
00:12:15,880 --> 00:12:17,280
{\an7}A YOUNG CHILD, AN OLD CHILD,
286
00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:18,880
{\an7}AND A TEENAGER.
287
00:12:18,920 --> 00:12:20,320
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
WHEN DID THESE DATE FROM?
288
00:12:20,360 --> 00:12:23,680
{\an7}Christie: THEY START TO DATE
\h\h\h\hFROM AROUND 3000 BC
289
00:12:23,720 --> 00:12:26,320
{\an7}TO ABOUT 2500 BC.
290
00:12:26,360 --> 00:12:31,280
{\an7}Mary-Ann: AND THESE WERE ALL
DISCOVERED IN THE EMPTY PITS
291
00:12:31,320 --> 00:12:34,360
{\an7}\h\hTHAT THE BLUESTONES
USED TO BE STANDING IN?
292
00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:37,760
{\an7}Christie: EMPTY PITS BUT ALSO
\h\hBESIDE THE HOLES AS WELL.
293
00:12:37,800 --> 00:12:40,640
{\an7}Mary-Ann: OH, INTERESTING.
294
00:12:40,680 --> 00:12:42,280
{\an7}MOST OF THE CREMATED BONES
295
00:12:42,320 --> 00:12:46,320
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWERE FOUND UNDER WHERE
THE BLUESTONES ORIGINALLY STOOD.
296
00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:48,640
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT, COMBINED
WITH RADIO CARBON DATING,
297
00:12:48,680 --> 00:12:51,160
{\an7}\hPROVES THAT MANY WERE
BURIED AT THE SAME TIME
298
00:12:51,200 --> 00:12:52,960
{\an7}STONE AGE BRITONS
299
00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:56,920
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE CONSTRUCTING
THE ORIGINAL BLUESTONE CIRCLE.
300
00:12:56,960 --> 00:12:59,720
{\an7}\hDOES THAT SUGGEST THEY’RE
SOME KIND OF GRAVE MARKERS?
301
00:12:59,760 --> 00:13:00,680
{\an7}Christie: NO, NOT NECESSARILY.
302
00:13:00,720 --> 00:13:02,640
{\an7}IT’S MORE OF A STONE CIRCLE
303
00:13:02,680 --> 00:13:05,040
{\an7}\h\h\hIN WHICH WE HAVE
A CREMATION CEMETERY,
304
00:13:05,080 --> 00:13:10,400
{\an7}\h\hBECAUSE WE HAVE CREMATIONS
IN OTHER AREAS OF STONEHENGE.
305
00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:13,920
{\an7}\hMary-Ann: SO THE BLUESTONES
ARE LESS INDIVIDUAL HEADSTONES
306
00:13:13,960 --> 00:13:18,280
{\an7}AND MORE MARKERS FOR AN AREA
\h\h\hDEDICATED TO THE DEAD.
307
00:13:18,320 --> 00:13:20,840
{\an7}\hARE THESE PEOPLE BEING
CREMATED AT STONEHENGE?
308
00:13:20,880 --> 00:13:24,760
{\an7}Christie: THERE’S NO EVIDENCE
\hFOR ANY PYRES AT STONEHENGE.
309
00:13:24,800 --> 00:13:26,840
{\an7}SO WHAT’S PROBABLY HAPPENING
310
00:13:26,880 --> 00:13:28,560
{\an7}\h\h\hIS THAT THEY WERE
BEING CREMATED ELSEWHERE
311
00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:30,640
{\an7}AND BEING BROUGHT TO STONEHENGE.
312
00:13:30,680 --> 00:13:34,080
{\an7}\h\h\hMary-Ann: SO THIS IS
A SORT OF STONE AGE BYOB,
313
00:13:34,120 --> 00:13:36,400
{\an7}BRING YOUR OWN BONES.
314
00:13:36,440 --> 00:13:39,040
{\an7}IS THERE ANY WAY OF US KNOWING
\h\h\h\hWHERE THEY CAME FROM?
315
00:13:39,080 --> 00:13:42,200
{\an7}\h\hChristie: SO WE’VE DONE
STRONTIUM ISOTOPE ANALYSIS.
316
00:13:42,240 --> 00:13:44,400
{\an7}\hWE CAN SEE THAT
THESE INDIVIDUALS,
317
00:13:44,440 --> 00:13:47,760
{\an7}15 OF THEM CAME FROM
THE STONEHENGE AREA,
318
00:13:47,800 --> 00:13:50,120
{\an7}FIVE CAME FROM WEST WALES,
319
00:13:50,160 --> 00:13:53,240
{\an7}AND FIVE ARE WHAT WE CALL
\h\h\hA MOVING POPULATION,
320
00:13:53,280 --> 00:13:56,520
{\an7}SO THEY’RE MOVING BETWEEN
STONEHENGE AND WEST WALES.
321
00:13:56,560 --> 00:13:57,840
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
WEST WALES BEING THE PLACE
322
00:13:57,880 --> 00:14:00,760
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHERE THE BLUESTONES
COME FROM IN THE FIRST PLACE.
323
00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:01,760
{\an7}Christie: EXACTLY.
324
00:14:01,800 --> 00:14:04,320
{\an7}\h\hSO THERE’S STILL
A STRONG CONNECTION
325
00:14:04,360 --> 00:14:07,360
{\an7}WITH STONEHENGE TO WEST WALES.
326
00:14:07,400 --> 00:14:08,640
{\an7}Mary-Ann: HANG ON A TICK.
327
00:14:08,680 --> 00:14:10,480
{\an7}WEST WALES?
328
00:14:10,520 --> 00:14:14,320
{\an7}THAT’S EXACTLY WHERE MERLIN
\h\h\hSUPPOSEDLY CAME FROM.
329
00:14:14,360 --> 00:14:16,360
{\an7}MAYBE THERE’S SOMETHING TO
THE MERLIN AND GIANT STORY
330
00:14:16,400 --> 00:14:18,400
{\an7}AFTER ALL...
331
00:14:18,440 --> 00:14:20,040
{\an7}ASSUMING YOU IGNORE THE FACT
332
00:14:20,080 --> 00:14:23,160
{\an7}\h\hTHAT HE’S TOTALLY
FICTIONAL, OF COURSE.
333
00:14:23,200 --> 00:14:24,320
{\an7}SO, JUST TO RECAP,
334
00:14:24,360 --> 00:14:26,880
{\an7}THE STONEHENGE WE SEE TODAY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIS WHERE IT IS
335
00:14:26,920 --> 00:14:31,040
{\an7}BECAUSE OF AN ORIGINAL, PRETTY
\hMODEST CIRCLE OF BLUESTONES,
336
00:14:31,080 --> 00:14:32,440
{\an7}AND THE BLUESTONES ARE THERE
337
00:14:32,480 --> 00:14:34,400
{\an7}BECAUSE PEOPLE BOTHERED
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO DRAG THEM
338
00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:36,760
{\an7}ALMOST 200 MILES
FROM WEST WALES,
339
00:14:36,800 --> 00:14:40,720
{\an7}\h\h\hALONG WITH THE REMAINS
OF THEIR MOST REVERED DEAD.
340
00:14:40,760 --> 00:14:43,040
{\an7}IT’S MIND-BOGGLING, ISN’T IT?
341
00:14:43,080 --> 00:14:46,280
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT IT LEADS US TO
THE REALLY BIG QUESTION.
342
00:14:46,320 --> 00:14:49,280
{\an7}\hWHAT ON EARTH IS IT
ABOUT SALISBURY PLAIN
343
00:14:49,320 --> 00:14:50,800
{\an7}THAT MAKES IT SO SPECIAL?
344
00:14:56,080 --> 00:14:58,560
{\an7}Clive: ACCORDING TO
MIKE PARKER PEARSON,
345
00:14:58,600 --> 00:15:01,000
{\an7}THE ANSWER TO THAT QUESTION
\h\h\h\h\hCAN BE FOUND HERE.
346
00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:05,280
{\an7}NO, NOT THERE.
347
00:15:06,520 --> 00:15:08,160
{\an7}HERE.
348
00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:11,720
{\an7}\hA MUST-SEE LOCATION THAT
MOST VISITORS MISS OUT ON,
349
00:15:11,760 --> 00:15:13,160
{\an7}THE OLD CAR PARK.
350
00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:16,400
{\an7}NO, SERIOUSLY.
351
00:15:16,440 --> 00:15:19,040
{\an7}\h\hSO, MIKE, OBVIOUSLY
THE TOURISTS ARRIVE HERE
352
00:15:19,080 --> 00:15:20,560
{\an7}AND THEY’RE ALL GOING
\h\hTO SEE STONEHENGE,
353
00:15:20,600 --> 00:15:21,760
{\an7}AS WELL THEY MIGHT.
354
00:15:21,800 --> 00:15:23,720
{\an7}BUT YOU’VE BROUGHT ME TO SEE...
355
00:15:23,760 --> 00:15:25,240
{\an7}WELL, I CAN SEE WHAT IT IS,
\h\h\hBECAUSE IT’S LABELED.
356
00:15:25,280 --> 00:15:26,840
{\an7}THE MESOLITHIC POST HOLE.
357
00:15:26,880 --> 00:15:28,040
{\an7}Mike: YES.
358
00:15:28,080 --> 00:15:29,280
{\an7}Clive: ANYTHING TO DO
WITH SENDING LETTERS?
359
00:15:29,320 --> 00:15:30,280
{\an7}Mike: NOT AT ALL.
360
00:15:30,320 --> 00:15:32,320
{\an7}THERE ARE THREE OF THEM,
361
00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:34,280
{\an7}AND THEY’RE ROUGHLY IN A LINE.
362
00:15:34,320 --> 00:15:36,240
{\an7}Clive: HMM, YOU CAN
SEE WHY THE TOURISTS
363
00:15:36,280 --> 00:15:38,120
{\an7}\h\h\hAREN’T EXACTLY
RUSHING TO SEE THIS.
364
00:15:38,160 --> 00:15:39,640
{\an7}Mike: SO, POST HOLES,
365
00:15:39,680 --> 00:15:41,560
{\an7}THEY OBVIOUSLY HELD POSTS,
366
00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:44,240
{\an7}\hBUT IT’S THE MESOLITHIC
THAT’S THE UNUSUAL THING,
367
00:15:44,280 --> 00:15:46,600
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBECAUSE THIS IS FROM
THE TIME OF HUNTER GATHERERS,
368
00:15:46,640 --> 00:15:49,280
{\an7}ALMOST 10,000 YEARS AGO,
369
00:15:49,320 --> 00:15:52,760
{\an7}\hAND HUNTER GATHERERS ARE NOT
KNOWN FOR BUILDING MONUMENTS.
370
00:15:52,800 --> 00:15:55,160
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT’S WHAT
NEOLITHIC FARMERS DID.
371
00:15:55,200 --> 00:15:56,440
{\an7}SO...
372
00:15:56,480 --> 00:15:58,720
{\an7}\h\h\h\hClive: SO, NEOLITHIC
IS OBVIOUSLY NEW STONE AGE.
373
00:15:58,760 --> 00:16:01,280
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hMESOLITHIC
IS A MIDDLE STONE AGE.
374
00:16:01,320 --> 00:16:02,400
{\an7}Mike: YEAH.
375
00:16:02,440 --> 00:16:04,040
{\an7}Clive: GOT IT?
376
00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:06,480
{\an7}THE NEOLITHIC PEOPLES
\h\hBUILT STONEHENGE,
377
00:16:06,520 --> 00:16:08,360
{\an7}BUT THE MESOLITHIC
\hHUNTER GATHERERS
378
00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:09,800
{\an7}BUILT THESE POSTS FIRST,
379
00:16:09,840 --> 00:16:12,560
{\an7}5,000 YEARS EARLIER.
380
00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:14,560
{\an7}DO TRY AND KEEP UP.
381
00:16:14,600 --> 00:16:16,640
{\an7}\hTHEY’RE HUNTER GATHERERS,
BUT THEY’VE GOT POST HOLES.
382
00:16:16,680 --> 00:16:17,680
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMike:
BUT THEY’VE GOT POST HOLES.
383
00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:19,480
{\an7}THEY’RE BUILDING MONUMENTS,
384
00:16:19,520 --> 00:16:23,120
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND THAT IS VIRTUALLY
UNHEARD OF IN WESTERN EUROPE.
385
00:16:25,080 --> 00:16:28,800
{\an7}Clive: SO, MAYBE THE TOURISTS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARE MISSING OUT.
386
00:16:28,840 --> 00:16:32,960
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hEVERYONE’S IMPRESSED
BY HOW ANCIENT STONEHENGE IS,
387
00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:34,960
{\an7}BUT THESE UNASSUMING HOLES
388
00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:39,080
{\an7}REPRESENT A MONUMENT
\h5,000 YEARS OLDER,
389
00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:41,520
{\an7}WHICH IS PRETTY IMPRESSIVE.
390
00:16:41,560 --> 00:16:43,920
{\an7}SO THIS IS THE POST HOLE,
BUT HOW BIG WAS THE POST?
391
00:16:43,960 --> 00:16:45,720
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMike:
ALMOST A METER IN DIAMETER...
392
00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:46,720
{\an7}Clive: RIGHT.
393
00:16:46,760 --> 00:16:48,760
{\an7}Mike: ...MADE OUT OF PINE,
394
00:16:48,800 --> 00:16:50,080
{\an7}SO FROM THE DIAMETER,
395
00:16:50,120 --> 00:16:53,720
{\an7}\h\hWE’RE LOOKING AT A TREE
THAT WOULD’VE BEEN UP ABOUT
396
00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:56,400
{\an7}12 METERS IN HEIGHT OR HIGHER.
397
00:16:56,440 --> 00:16:58,360
{\an7}Clive: SO A TELEGRAPH POLE
\h\h\hOR EVEN MORE MAYBE?
398
00:16:58,400 --> 00:17:00,120
{\an7}Mike: A FAT TELEGRAPH POLE.
399
00:17:00,160 --> 00:17:01,160
{\an7}Clive: SO WHAT ARE THEY PUTTING
400
00:17:01,200 --> 00:17:03,600
{\an7}\h\h\h\hA GREAT BIG POLE
IN THE GROUND FOR, THEN?
401
00:17:03,640 --> 00:17:06,840
{\an7}Mike: OUR GUESS IS THAT THESE
\h\h\hACTUALLY ARE ATTRACTORS
402
00:17:06,880 --> 00:17:08,760
{\an7}\h\h\hTO SAY THIS IS
AN IMPORTANT PLACE.
403
00:17:10,680 --> 00:17:13,920
{\an7}Clive: SO IT’S A BIT LIKE
\hA MESOLITHIC BILLBOARD.
404
00:17:13,960 --> 00:17:15,520
{\an7}BUT WHY?
405
00:17:15,560 --> 00:17:17,240
{\an7}WHAT WAS IT ABOUT THIS AREA
406
00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:20,800
{\an7}THAT ATTRACTED PEOPLE
\hIN THE FIRST PLACE?
407
00:17:20,840 --> 00:17:22,480
{\an7}IT’S NOT BESIDE A RIVER.
408
00:17:22,520 --> 00:17:24,320
{\an7}IT’S NOT THE TOP OF A MOUNTAIN.
409
00:17:24,360 --> 00:17:27,120
{\an7}IT’S IN THE MIDDLE OF NOWHERE.
410
00:17:27,160 --> 00:17:30,240
{\an7}SO, WHAT ON EARTH
DREW PEOPLE HERE?
411
00:17:30,280 --> 00:17:32,600
{\an7}[MOOING]
412
00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:34,240
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
THE ANSWER TO THAT, CLIVE...
413
00:17:34,280 --> 00:17:35,280
{\an7}[MOOING]
414
00:17:35,320 --> 00:17:36,800
{\an7}...IS COWS.
415
00:17:38,960 --> 00:17:41,880
{\an7}THIS IS ONE OF THE OLDEST
\hPAINTINGS IN EXISTENCE.
416
00:17:41,920 --> 00:17:44,480
{\an7}IT’S FROM THE LASCAUX CAVES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN FRANCE,
417
00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:48,760
{\an7}AND IT SHOWS A WILD HORSE
FACING OFF TO A WILD COW.
418
00:17:48,800 --> 00:17:51,520
{\an7}THESE ARE KNOWN AS AUROCHS,
419
00:17:51,560 --> 00:17:54,200
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THEY WERE ABOUT
TWICE THE SIZE OF MODERN COWS.
420
00:17:57,560 --> 00:18:00,080
{\an7}THOUSANDS OF YEARS
BEFORE STONEHENGE,
421
00:18:00,120 --> 00:18:03,840
{\an7}THE AUROCHS WERE ALSO ROAMING
\h\h\hACROSS SALISBURY PLAIN,
422
00:18:03,880 --> 00:18:05,960
{\an7}AND IT’S THESE LARGE COWS
423
00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:07,600
{\an7}THAT ARCHAEOLOGIST
\hJIM LEARY THINKS
424
00:18:07,640 --> 00:18:11,560
{\an7}MAY HAVE BROUGHT PEOPLE HERE
\h\h\h\hIN THE FIRST PLACE.
425
00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:15,960
{\an7}\hSO, JIM, WHAT WOULD THIS PLACE
HAVE BEEN LIKE 10,000 YEARS AGO?
426
00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:18,200
{\an7}\h\h\h\hJim Leary: WHAT WE KNOW
IS THAT AFTER THE LAST ICE AGE,
427
00:18:18,240 --> 00:18:21,720
{\an7}A LOT OF BRITAIN DEVELOPED
\h\hQUITE THICK WOODLAND.
428
00:18:21,760 --> 00:18:25,120
{\an7}THE EVIDENCE SEEMS TO SUGGEST
\h\h\h\hON THE SALISBURY PLAIN
429
00:18:25,160 --> 00:18:26,720
{\an7}THAT IT WAS A LOT MORE OPEN,
430
00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:28,800
{\an7}QUITE DISTINCTIVELY OPEN,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN FACT.
431
00:18:28,840 --> 00:18:31,600
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
SO, PRETTY MUCH LIKE IT IS NOW,
432
00:18:31,640 --> 00:18:33,640
{\an7}BUT WITH ADDED GIANT COWS.
433
00:18:33,680 --> 00:18:35,400
{\an7}Jim: YOU CAN IMAGINE IT BEING
434
00:18:35,440 --> 00:18:37,080
{\an7}QUITE AN ATTRACTIVE
\h\hPLACE, ACTUALLY,
435
00:18:37,120 --> 00:18:40,040
{\an7}FOR AUROCHS AND OTHER
\h\h\hGRAZING ANIMALS
436
00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:41,720
{\an7}TO COME AND USE THIS AREA,
437
00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:44,840
{\an7}AND OF COURSE THAT IN TURN
\h\h\hWILL ATTRACT PEOPLE.
438
00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:47,240
{\an7}Mary-Ann: OK, SO I GET
THAT HUNTER GATHERERS
439
00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:48,800
{\an7}WOULD BE FOLLOWING THE GAME
440
00:18:48,840 --> 00:18:50,560
{\an7}\hAND THEY’D COME TO
THIS BIG OPEN PLAIN
441
00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:52,240
{\an7}AND KIND OF THINK,
\hALRIGHT, GET IN,
442
00:18:52,280 --> 00:18:55,640
{\an7}THAT’S A LOT OF DINNER FOR US,
\h\h\hTHAT’S A LOT OF STEAKS.
443
00:18:55,680 --> 00:18:59,240
{\an7}BUT WHY THEN WOULD THEY BE
\h\hERECTING TOTEM POLES?
444
00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:00,440
{\an7}Jim: WELL, WE DON’T KNOW.
445
00:19:00,480 --> 00:19:02,840
{\an7}I MEAN, ARE THEY MARKING
\hGOOD HUNTING GROUNDS,
446
00:19:02,880 --> 00:19:05,240
{\an7}\hOR ARE THEY MARKING
SOME OTHER ALIGNMENT?
447
00:19:05,280 --> 00:19:06,560
{\an7}DOES IT HAVE RITUAL VALUE
448
00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:09,120
{\an7}OR MORE ECONOMIC,
\hPRACTICAL VALUE?
449
00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:11,560
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHESE ARE
THE REALLY BIG QUESTIONS.
450
00:19:11,600 --> 00:19:13,560
{\an7}\h\h\h\hMary-Ann: DO YOU THINK
THERE’S A LINK, A DIRECT LINK,
451
00:19:13,600 --> 00:19:15,400
{\an7}BETWEEN THE STONEHENGE
\h\h\h\h\hWE SEE TODAY
452
00:19:15,440 --> 00:19:17,680
{\an7}AND THOSE MESOLITHIC POST HOLES?
453
00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:20,120
{\an7}Jim: I THINK THE LANDSCAPE
\h\hPROBABLY IS THE LINK,
454
00:19:20,160 --> 00:19:22,320
{\an7}AND IT SHOWS HOW THESE PEOPLE
\h\h\h\h\h\hARE ACTUALLY TIED
455
00:19:22,360 --> 00:19:25,800
{\an7}\h\hTO THEIR LANDSCAPE AND
TIED TO PARTICULAR PLACES.
456
00:19:30,840 --> 00:19:33,120
{\an7}\hMary-Ann: I WOULD LOVE
TO SEE ONE OF THE BEASTS
457
00:19:33,160 --> 00:19:36,360
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT DREW
THE HUNTER GATHERERS HERE.
458
00:19:36,400 --> 00:19:40,840
{\an7}PROBLEM IS, THEY’VE BEEN
\hEXTINCT FOR 400 YEARS.
459
00:19:40,880 --> 00:19:43,160
{\an7}BUT THAT DIDN’T STOP
\h\h\hJURASSIC PARK,
460
00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:45,800
{\an7}AND IT HASN’T STOPPED US.
461
00:19:45,840 --> 00:19:47,360
{\an7}AND IT’S ALL THANKS TO--
462
00:19:47,400 --> 00:19:49,640
{\an7}YOU’RE NEVER GONNA
\hGUESS THIS ONE--
463
00:19:49,680 --> 00:19:50,760
{\an7}THE NAZIS.
464
00:19:50,800 --> 00:19:55,320
{\an7}[CATTLE LOWING]
465
00:19:55,360 --> 00:19:59,120
{\an7}I’VE COME TO THE DEVON FARM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF DEREK GOW
466
00:19:59,160 --> 00:20:01,080
{\an7}AND HIS TRULY ENORMOUS CATTLE.
467
00:20:07,480 --> 00:20:09,680
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
SO, DEREK, IS THIS AN AUROCHS?
468
00:20:09,720 --> 00:20:12,440
{\an7}Derek Gow: NO, THEY’RE A MIMIC
\hOF WHAT AUROCHS LOOKED LIKE
469
00:20:12,480 --> 00:20:14,560
{\an7}BASED ON OUR UNDERSTANDING
\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM HISTORY.
470
00:20:16,680 --> 00:20:17,920
{\an7}Mary-Ann: OUR PICTURES
471
00:20:17,960 --> 00:20:21,800
{\an7}DON’T DO THESE MAGNIFICENT
\h\h\h\hCREATURES JUSTICE.
472
00:20:21,840 --> 00:20:25,840
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEY ARE TRULY GINORMOUS
IF YOU GET UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
473
00:20:25,880 --> 00:20:27,520
{\an7}WHICH I’D RATHER NOT DO
474
00:20:27,560 --> 00:20:30,160
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAS THEY CAN BE
EXTREMELY AGGRESSIVE.
475
00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:33,760
{\an7}BASICALLY, DON’T MESS
\hWITH THESE COWS, OK?
476
00:20:33,800 --> 00:20:38,040
{\an7}BUT IF AUROCHS ARE EXTINCT,
\h\hWHAT EXACTLY ARE THESE?
477
00:20:38,080 --> 00:20:41,280
{\an7}THAT IS WHERE THE NAZIS COME IN.
478
00:20:41,320 --> 00:20:43,480
{\an7}\h\hDerek: THESE ARE ANIMALS
THAT ARE CALLED HECK CATTLE,
479
00:20:43,520 --> 00:20:44,520
{\an7}AND THEY WERE MADE
\hBY TWO BOTHERS,
480
00:20:44,560 --> 00:20:45,960
{\an7}HEINZ AND LUTZ HECK,
481
00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:47,640
{\an7}\h\hBETWEEN THE FIRST
AND SECOND WORLD WAR.
482
00:20:49,920 --> 00:20:52,040
{\an7}HEINZ AND LUTZ HECK WERE
\hINTERESTED IN THE IDEA
483
00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:54,840
{\an7}THAT IF THE DOMESTIC RELATIVES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF A WILD ANIMAL
484
00:20:54,880 --> 00:20:56,200
{\an7}WERE STILL PRESENT,
485
00:20:56,240 --> 00:20:58,400
{\an7}THAT YOU COULD SELECT
\hFOR THE WILD GENES,
486
00:20:58,440 --> 00:21:01,200
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND BY DOING SO,
REBREED THE WILD ANIMAL.
487
00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:04,240
{\an7}Mary-Ann: RIGHT, SO SORT OF LIKE
REVERSE ENGINEER EVOLUTION.
488
00:21:04,280 --> 00:21:06,320
{\an7}\h\h\hDerek: AND THIS
BACK-BREEDING PROGRAM
489
00:21:06,360 --> 00:21:09,040
{\an7}WAS SUPPORTED BY HIMMLER
\h\h\h\h\hAND BY GÖRING,
490
00:21:09,080 --> 00:21:13,480
{\an7}WHO WAS THE HUNTS REICH MARSHAL
FOR THE THIRD REICH.
491
00:21:13,520 --> 00:21:15,480
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
SO, THESE ARE NAZI COWS?
492
00:21:15,520 --> 00:21:17,360
{\an7}[MOO]
493
00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:19,640
{\an7}Derek: WELL, I WOULDN’T LIKE TO
COMMENT ON THEIR POLITICS,
494
00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:23,480
{\an7}BUT THAT’S CERTAINLY THE LEGACY
THEY’RE DRAWN FROM, YES.
495
00:21:23,520 --> 00:21:26,200
{\an7}\h\hMary-Ann: SO THE NAZIS
WANTED TO SORT OF GO BACK
496
00:21:26,240 --> 00:21:30,120
{\an7}TO THE ANCIENT PURE BREED
\hTHAT WAS HERE BEFORE...
497
00:21:30,160 --> 00:21:31,960
{\an7}\h\hDerek: YEAH, THEY HAD
AN INTEREST IN REWILDINGS.
498
00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:34,520
{\an7}\h\h\hTHEIR VISION OF REWILDING
WAS THAT YOU TOOK HALF OF POLAND
499
00:21:34,560 --> 00:21:35,760
{\an7}AND YOU CLEARED IT OF PEOPLE,
500
00:21:35,800 --> 00:21:37,880
{\an7}\h\hYOU RETURNED IT
TO PRIMEVAL FOREST,
501
00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:39,120
{\an7}AND IN THAT FOREST
502
00:21:39,160 --> 00:21:41,200
{\an7}YOU HAD THE GREAT ANIMALS
\h\h\hOF THE OLD LEGENDS,
503
00:21:41,240 --> 00:21:43,520
{\an7}\hAND THEY WANTED ANIMALS
THAT WERE VERY AGGRESSIVE.
504
00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:45,120
{\an7}[MOO]
505
00:21:45,160 --> 00:21:49,400
{\an7}\hMary-Ann: AND THIS IS
WHAT THEY CAME UP WITH.
506
00:21:49,440 --> 00:21:52,760
{\an7}SO IF THEY’RE BEING BRED
\h\hTO GO BACK TO THAT,
507
00:21:52,800 --> 00:21:56,280
{\an7}YOU KNOW, THAT ANCIENT CATTLE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE LEGENDS,
508
00:21:56,320 --> 00:21:58,680
{\an7}THAT HUNTERS CAN TEST
THEIR METTLE AGAINST,
509
00:21:58,720 --> 00:22:00,160
{\an7}\h\h\hDOES THAT MEAN
THAT YOU’RE DEALING
510
00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:02,600
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWITH MASSIVE,
VERY AGGRESSIVE CATTLE?
511
00:22:02,640 --> 00:22:03,920
{\an7}Derek: THESE ONES ARE WORKABLE.
512
00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:05,280
{\an7}\h\hWHEN WE BROUGHT
THE ORIGINAL ONES IN
513
00:22:05,320 --> 00:22:06,520
{\an7}FROM HOLLAND AND BELGIUM,
514
00:22:06,560 --> 00:22:08,480
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSOME OF THEM
WERE VERY DANGEROUS,
515
00:22:08,520 --> 00:22:10,440
{\an7}\hAND WE HAD ONE COW
WHICH WAS BEAUTIFUL.
516
00:22:10,480 --> 00:22:11,760
{\an7}SHE LOOKED LIKE A CAVE PAINTING
517
00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:15,200
{\an7}THAT HAD LIVED AND BREATHED
\h\hAND STOOD OFF THE WALL,
518
00:22:15,240 --> 00:22:16,520
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT SHE WAS
INCREDIBLY DANGEROUS.
519
00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:19,200
{\an7}SO WE COULD NOT KEEP
\hANIMALS LIKE THIS.
520
00:22:19,240 --> 00:22:21,120
{\an7}THESE ONES ARE JUMPY,
521
00:22:21,160 --> 00:22:23,520
{\an7}BUT YOU CAN SEE WE’RE STANDING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRELATIVELY NEAR
522
00:22:23,560 --> 00:22:25,240
{\an7}\hTO THE, THIS COW
THAT’S BEHIND US,
523
00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:26,920
{\an7}AND THIS LARGE BULL
\hTHAT’S OVER HERE,
524
00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:28,560
{\an7}\h\h\hAND AS LONG AS WE
DON’T MAKE A LOT OF FUSS
525
00:22:28,600 --> 00:22:30,040
{\an7}\h\h\hAND AS LONG AS WE’RE
NOT WHERE THEY WANT TO BE
526
00:22:30,080 --> 00:22:31,520
{\an7}WHEN THEY WANT TO RUN AWAY,
527
00:22:31,560 --> 00:22:33,720
{\an7}\h\h\hWE DON’T HAVE
A PROBLEM WITH THEM.
528
00:22:33,760 --> 00:22:34,840
{\an7}Mary-Ann: I’M MORE CONCERNED
529
00:22:34,880 --> 00:22:37,160
{\an7}THAT I’M NOW WEARING
\h\h\hA RED JACKET.
530
00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:38,880
{\an7}Derek: I’M SURE IT WON’T BE
\h\h\h\h\hYOUR LAST EPISODE.
531
00:22:38,920 --> 00:22:40,880
{\an7}[LAUGHING]
532
00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:42,480
{\an7}Mary-Ann: BUT SERIOUSLY,
533
00:22:42,520 --> 00:22:43,960
{\an7}WHAT COULD HAVE PERSUADED DEREK
534
00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:48,320
{\an7}\hTO KEEP A HERD OF DANGEROUS
NAZI COWS IN THE FIRST PLACE?
535
00:22:48,360 --> 00:22:50,080
{\an7}MMM. MMM.
536
00:22:50,120 --> 00:22:51,920
{\an7}Derek: YOU CAN SEE WHY
\hPEOPLE HUNTED THEM.
537
00:22:51,960 --> 00:22:53,880
{\an7}Mary-Ann: MM. MMM.
538
00:22:53,920 --> 00:22:56,760
{\an7}\h\hWE’RE TALKING ABOUT
PEOPLE WITH FLINT TOOLS,
539
00:22:56,800 --> 00:23:01,480
{\an7}POSSIBLY THEN BRONZE AGE
METAL TOOLS AND WEAPONS.
540
00:23:01,520 --> 00:23:03,240
{\an7}\h\hBUT HOW HARD DO YOU
THINK IT WOULD HAVE BEEN
541
00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:06,800
{\an7}\hTO GO OUT AS A HUNTING PARTY
WITH SPEARS, BOWS, AND ARROWS
542
00:23:06,840 --> 00:23:08,040
{\an7}TO KILL THESE ANIMALS?
543
00:23:08,080 --> 00:23:09,240
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDerek:
THAT’S WHAT THESE PEOPLE DID.
544
00:23:09,280 --> 00:23:10,480
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEY WERE
INCREDIBLY SOPHISTICATED
545
00:23:10,520 --> 00:23:11,880
{\an7}WHEN IT CAME TO HUNTING ANIMALS.
546
00:23:11,920 --> 00:23:13,480
{\an7}YOU KNOW, THEY MIGHT HAVE
\h\h\hRUN THEM INTO SWAMPS
547
00:23:13,520 --> 00:23:15,240
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSO THE ANIMALS
WERE CHASED INTO AN AREA
548
00:23:15,280 --> 00:23:16,760
{\an7}WHERE THEY COULDN’T
\h\h\h\hMOVE EASILY,
549
00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:19,480
{\an7}THEN THESE HUGE, HEAVY CREATURES
WERE JUST FLOUNDERING AROUND.
550
00:23:19,520 --> 00:23:20,920
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHEN YOU WENT IN
AND YOU FINISHED THEM OFF,
551
00:23:20,960 --> 00:23:22,680
{\an7}WITH LITTLE DANGER TO YOURSELF.
552
00:23:22,720 --> 00:23:24,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
IT IS A LITTLE BIT STRANGE
553
00:23:24,080 --> 00:23:26,520
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSHARING A DINNER TABLE
WITH THE ANIMAL YOU’RE EATING,
554
00:23:26,560 --> 00:23:30,760
{\an7}BUT I’D LIKE TO PAY HONOR AND
\hHOMAGE TO THIS MIGHTY ANIMAL
555
00:23:30,800 --> 00:23:33,320
{\an7}\hWHO TURNED OUT TO BE
ABSOLUTELY DELICIOUS.
556
00:23:33,360 --> 00:23:34,920
{\an7}[MOO]
557
00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:38,320
{\an7}♪
558
00:23:38,360 --> 00:23:41,040
{\an7}IT’S AS GOOD A THEORY
\hAS ANY, I SUPPOSE--
559
00:23:41,080 --> 00:23:42,680
{\an7}THE IDEA THAT ENORMOUS COWS
560
00:23:42,720 --> 00:23:45,840
{\an7}ARE DRAWN TO A PARTICULAR
\hSPOT ON SALISBURY PLAIN
561
00:23:45,880 --> 00:23:48,520
{\an7}WHICH DRAWS HUNTER GATHERERS
\h\h\hTO COME AND HUNT THEM,
562
00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:51,800
{\an7}SO THEY ERECT TOTEM POLES
TO MARK THE SPECIAL PLACE,
563
00:23:51,840 --> 00:23:55,080
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND EVENTUALLY
THAT LEADS TO STONEHENGE,
564
00:23:55,120 --> 00:24:00,440
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND BY THAT RECKONING,
STONEHENGE IS FOUNDED BY A COW.
565
00:24:02,920 --> 00:24:05,720
{\an7}WELL, THAT HAS TO BE ONE OF
THE MORE UNUSUAL CONCLUSIONS
566
00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:07,520
{\an7}WE’VE COME TO.
567
00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,040
{\an7}I WONDER WHAT CLIVE’S
\h\h\hMADE OF IT ALL.
568
00:24:12,440 --> 00:24:13,880
{\an7}\h\hWHAT DID YOU THINK
OF STONEHENGE, CLIVE?
569
00:24:13,920 --> 00:24:15,040
{\an7}Clive: I LOVED IT.
570
00:24:15,080 --> 00:24:16,840
{\an7}I HAD BEEN TO STONEHENGE
\h\hYEARS AND YEARS AGO
571
00:24:16,880 --> 00:24:20,120
{\an7}\hWHERE IT WAS STILL POSSIBLE
FOR ANYBODY JUST TO WANDER UP
572
00:24:20,160 --> 00:24:22,320
{\an7}AND HAVE A LOOK AT THE STONES,
\h\h\h\h\h\hTOUCH THEM, EVEN.
573
00:24:22,360 --> 00:24:24,560
{\an7}NOW IT’S MUCH MORE RESTRICTED,
574
00:24:24,600 --> 00:24:26,800
{\an7}SO WE HAD SPECIAL ACCESS
\h\h\h\hFOR THE FILMING.
575
00:24:26,840 --> 00:24:28,440
{\an7}NOW, SOME PEOPLE SAY,
576
00:24:28,480 --> 00:24:30,440
{\an7}OH, I’VE DROVE PAST STONEHENGE
577
00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:32,440
{\an7}AND IT’S NOT AS IMPRESSIVE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS ALL THAT,
578
00:24:32,480 --> 00:24:34,360
{\an7}BUT IF YOU GET CLOSE UP
\h\h\h\h\hTO THE STONES
579
00:24:34,400 --> 00:24:36,680
{\an7}AND YOU’RE RIGHT UP THERE,
THEY ARE ENORMOUS STONES.
580
00:24:36,720 --> 00:24:39,880
{\an7}THEY HAVE BROUGHT HUGE STONES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA VERY LONG WAY.
581
00:24:39,920 --> 00:24:41,960
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
200 ODD MILES FROM WALES.
582
00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:43,840
{\an7}Clive: RATHER THAN SETTING UP
\h\h\h\h\hTHEIR SITE IN WALES
583
00:24:43,880 --> 00:24:46,480
{\an7}OR WHEREVER THE STONES
\h\h\hORIGINALLY WERE,
584
00:24:46,520 --> 00:24:47,960
{\an7}THEY’VE BROUGHT THEM
\h\h\hTO THIS SITE.
585
00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:48,960
{\an7}SO WHY THIS SITE?
586
00:24:49,000 --> 00:24:51,680
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHAT WAS IT
ABOUT WILTSHIRE PLAIN
587
00:24:51,720 --> 00:24:53,280
{\an7}THAT ATTRACTED THEM?
588
00:24:53,320 --> 00:24:54,760
{\an7}\h\h\hMary-Ann: I MEAN,
THAT’S THE BIG QUESTION,
589
00:24:54,800 --> 00:24:57,680
{\an7}BECAUSE THIS PLACE
\h\hIS PERSISTENT.
590
00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:01,680
{\an7}\hTHOUSANDS AND THOUSANDS
OF YEARS OF HUMAN LIVES...
591
00:25:01,720 --> 00:25:04,440
{\an7}THERE’S BEEN THE FOCUS
\h\h\h\hAT THIS SITE.
592
00:25:04,480 --> 00:25:05,800
{\an7}AND IN FACT EVEN NOW,
593
00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:08,480
{\an7}PEOPLE MAKE PILGRIMAGES
\h\h\h\h\hTO STONEHENGE.
594
00:25:08,520 --> 00:25:10,360
{\an7}LOTS OF PEOPLE ARE TOURISTS,
595
00:25:10,400 --> 00:25:12,560
{\an7}\hBUT THEY TRAVEL
AN AWFUL LONG WAY
596
00:25:12,600 --> 00:25:14,080
{\an7}TO GO TO THE VISITORS CENTER
597
00:25:14,120 --> 00:25:19,000
{\an7}\hAND THEN TO COME AND SEE THESE
HALLOWED, REVERED FAMOUS STONES.
598
00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:23,480
{\an7}Clive: THE QUESTION IS
599
00:25:23,520 --> 00:25:25,720
{\an7}\hWHY HAS THIS AREA
ENDURED FOR SO LONG?
600
00:25:28,160 --> 00:25:29,640
{\an7}IT CERTAINLY WASN’T THE AUROCHS.
601
00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:36,200
{\an7}5,000 YEARS AFTER THE MARKER
\hPOSTS WERE FIRST ERECTED,
602
00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:38,520
{\an7}MESOLITHIC HUNTER GATHERERS
603
00:25:38,560 --> 00:25:40,960
{\an7}\h\hHAD BEEN REPLACED
BY NEOLITHIC FARMERS.
604
00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:42,400
{\an7}[MOO]
605
00:25:42,440 --> 00:25:45,160
{\an7}\hNOW THEY HAD DOCILE,
DOMESTICATED ANIMALS,
606
00:25:45,200 --> 00:25:48,280
{\an7}WHICH MADE RISKING THEIR LIVES
\hHUNTING VIOLENT, GIANT COWS
607
00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:49,720
{\an7}A GOOD DEAL LESS ATTRACTIVE.
608
00:25:49,760 --> 00:25:52,080
{\an7}[CATTLE STAMPEDING]
609
00:25:52,120 --> 00:25:56,680
{\an7}BUT EVEN WITHOUT THE AUROCHS,
PEOPLE CONTINUED TO LIVE HERE.
610
00:25:56,720 --> 00:25:59,520
{\an7}WHY?
611
00:25:59,560 --> 00:26:01,800
{\an7}THE ANSWER MAY LIE HERE.
612
00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:05,360
{\an7}\hTHE IMPRESSIVE 100-METER
LONG BARROW AT WEST KENNET
613
00:26:05,400 --> 00:26:08,960
{\an7}\h\hWAS BUILT HUNDREDS OF YEARS
BEFORE WORK BEGAN ON STONEHENGE.
614
00:26:09,000 --> 00:26:10,520
{\an7}Nick Snashall: HI THERE.
Clive: GOOD TO SEE YOU.
615
00:26:10,560 --> 00:26:11,560
{\an7}Nick: NICE TO MEET YOU, CLIVE.
616
00:26:11,600 --> 00:26:12,640
{\an7}Clive: HELLO, TAKE ME
\h\h\hTO YOUR BARROW.
617
00:26:12,680 --> 00:26:14,640
{\an7}Nick: [LAUGHS] OK!
618
00:26:14,680 --> 00:26:16,360
{\an7}\hClive: ARCHAEOLOGIST
NICK SNASHALL BELIEVES
619
00:26:16,400 --> 00:26:19,080
{\an7}IT’S NO ACCIDENT THAT MONUMENTS
LIKE THIS WERE BUILT
620
00:26:19,120 --> 00:26:22,320
{\an7}\h\h\hIN THE SAME AREA AS
THE MESOLITHIC POST HOLES,
621
00:26:22,360 --> 00:26:26,280
{\an7}EVEN THOUGH THEY’RE SEPARATED
\h\h\h\hBY THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
622
00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:29,120
{\an7}Nick: THEY ARE OFTEN BUILT NEAR
KNOWN MESOLITHIC SITES,
623
00:26:29,160 --> 00:26:31,840
{\an7}WHERE THE PEOPLE WOULD COME
TO HUNT AT PARTICULAR TIMES,
624
00:26:31,880 --> 00:26:33,640
{\an7}AND IN SOME CASES CLOSE
\h\hTO SETTLEMENT SITES,
625
00:26:33,680 --> 00:26:35,720
{\an7}SO THERE’S OFTEN EVIDENCE
\hTHAT MESOLITHIC PEOPLES
626
00:26:35,760 --> 00:26:38,320
{\an7}\hHAVE BEEN AROUND IN THE AREA
BEFORE THESE TOMBS WERE BUILT.
627
00:26:38,360 --> 00:26:39,840
{\an7}Clive: YES.
628
00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:42,800
{\an7}Nick: THEY WOULD HAVE KNOWN THAT
THEIR ANCESTORS HAD COME HERE.
629
00:26:42,840 --> 00:26:44,600
{\an7}THEY SEEMED TO BE RETURNING
\h\h\h\hTO THE SAME PLACES.
630
00:26:44,640 --> 00:26:46,040
{\an7}\hAND WE KNOW THAT
FROM THE EVIDENCE
631
00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:48,640
{\an7}OF THINGS LIKE STONE TOOLS
\h\h\h\hTHAT WE FIND HERE
632
00:26:48,680 --> 00:26:50,040
{\an7}THAT THE HUNTER GATHERERS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLEFT BEHIND
633
00:26:50,080 --> 00:26:51,400
{\an7}WHEN THEY CAME HERE HUNTING.
634
00:26:51,440 --> 00:26:52,720
{\an7}Clive: SO THEY’D HAVE
\h\h\h\hA FOLK MEMORY
635
00:26:52,760 --> 00:26:55,200
{\an7}GOING BACK HUNDREDS OF YEARS?
\h\h\h\h\hTHOUSANDS OF YEARS?
636
00:26:55,240 --> 00:26:56,320
{\an7}Nick: I THINK THAT’S RIGHT.
637
00:26:56,360 --> 00:26:58,840
{\an7}THAT’S THE IMPORTANCE
\h\hOF ORAL TRADITION,
638
00:26:58,880 --> 00:27:02,200
{\an7}OF PEOPLE PASSING DOWN THINGS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHROUGH MEMORY.
639
00:27:02,240 --> 00:27:04,040
{\an7}Clive: ALTHOUGH NEOLITHIC
\hFARMERS WERE A GOOD DEAL
640
00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:06,720
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hMORE SETTLED THAN
MESOLITHIC HUNTER GATHERERS,
641
00:27:06,760 --> 00:27:11,040
{\an7}IT WAS STILL A PARTIALLY
\h\h\hNOMADIC EXISTENCE.
642
00:27:11,080 --> 00:27:12,320
{\an7}Nick: THERE IS SOME
\h\hCEREAL FARMING,
643
00:27:12,360 --> 00:27:14,200
{\an7}\hBUT THERE, THERE’S A LOT
OF RELIANCE IN THIS PERIOD
644
00:27:14,240 --> 00:27:16,120
{\an7}ON CATTLE AS WELL, FOR INSTANCE.
645
00:27:16,160 --> 00:27:17,840
{\an7}SO THEY’RE MOVING WITH THE HERD.
646
00:27:17,880 --> 00:27:19,920
{\an7}SO TAKING THEM UP TO PASTURE,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTAKING...
647
00:27:19,960 --> 00:27:22,480
{\an7}Clive: SO MORE LIKE PASTORAL
\h\h\hPEOPLE IN THOSE DAYS?
648
00:27:22,520 --> 00:27:24,320
{\an7}Nick: IN LARGE PART, YES.
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hClive: YEAH.
649
00:27:24,360 --> 00:27:26,480
{\an7}Clive: THESE BUILDERS
\h\h\hUSED WEST KENNET
650
00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:29,280
{\an7}\hTO HOLD THE BODIES
OF THEIR ANCESTORS.
651
00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:32,880
{\an7}AND NICK BELIEVES THIS HELPED
ANCHOR THEM TO THIS LANDSCAPE.
652
00:27:32,920 --> 00:27:34,800
{\an7}Nick: AT THE TIME WHEN THEY
BUILT THIS SORT OF MONUMENT,
653
00:27:34,840 --> 00:27:36,880
{\an7}LONG BARROWS, ACTUALLY,
WE DON’T KNOW THAT MUCH
654
00:27:36,920 --> 00:27:38,880
{\an7}ABOUT WHERE PEOPLE ARE LIVING
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE LANDSCAPE,
655
00:27:38,920 --> 00:27:40,400
{\an7}BUT WHAT WE DO SUSPECT IS THAT
656
00:27:40,440 --> 00:27:42,320
{\an7}THOUGH THEY’RE RETURNING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO PLACES,
657
00:27:42,360 --> 00:27:45,480
{\an7}THEY’RE ACTUALLY MOVING AROUND
\hTHE LANDSCAPE QUITE WIDELY.
658
00:27:45,520 --> 00:27:46,920
{\an7}Clive: YES.
659
00:27:46,960 --> 00:27:48,400
{\an7}Nick: BUT THAT’S IN ONE WAY
WHY IT’S IMPORTANT FOR THEM
660
00:27:48,440 --> 00:27:50,600
{\an7}TO HAVE THEIR ANCESTORS
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN ONE SPOT.
661
00:27:50,640 --> 00:27:54,320
{\an7}SO THEY’RE TETHERED TO,
IF YOU LIKE, A LOCATION
662
00:27:54,360 --> 00:27:57,480
{\an7}THAT THEY CAN CALL I SUPPOSE
\h\h\hTHEIR ANCESTRAL HOME.
663
00:27:57,520 --> 00:28:00,240
{\an7}Clive: AND OF COURSE, VISITING
\hSTRUCTURES LIKE WEST KENNET
664
00:28:00,280 --> 00:28:02,840
{\an7}COULD HAVE PROVIDED AN EXCELLENT
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
665
00:28:02,880 --> 00:28:05,560
{\an7}FOR THE PEOPLE WHO
BUILT STONEHENGE.
666
00:28:05,600 --> 00:28:07,040
{\an7}WOULD THEY HAVE BEEN FAMILIAR
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH THIS SITE?
667
00:28:07,080 --> 00:28:08,680
{\an7}WOULD THEY HAVE VISITED HERE,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDO YOU THINK?
668
00:28:08,720 --> 00:28:10,400
{\an7}Nick: WELL, ONE OF THE THINGS
\hWE DO KNOW ABOUT THE PEOPLE
669
00:28:10,440 --> 00:28:12,160
{\an7}WHO BUILT STONEHENGE
670
00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:15,240
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWAS THAT A LOT OF THEM
HAD TRAVELED LARGE DISTANCES.
671
00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:17,160
{\an7}SO THERE’S EVERY POSSIBILITY
\h\h\h\h\hTHAT SOME OF THEM
672
00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:20,760
{\an7}WOULD HAVE BEEN FAMILIAR
\h\h\h\hWITH THIS SITE.
673
00:28:20,800 --> 00:28:23,080
{\an7}Clive: BY THE TIME THEY ERECTED
THE GIANT BLUESTONE CIRCLE
674
00:28:23,120 --> 00:28:24,560
{\an7}AT STONEHENGE,
675
00:28:24,600 --> 00:28:28,680
{\an7}\h\hNEOLITHIC PEOPLE HAD DIALED
THEIR MONUMENT-MAKING UP TO 11.
676
00:28:28,720 --> 00:28:30,040
{\an7}AND YOU COULDN’T SWING AN AUROCH
677
00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:33,480
{\an7}WITHOUT HITTING A MONUMENT
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THIS AREA.
678
00:28:33,520 --> 00:28:37,680
{\an7}\h\hIT HAD BECOME THE PLACE TO
CELEBRATE OR WORSHIP THE DEAD,
679
00:28:37,720 --> 00:28:40,000
{\an7}THE ULTIMATE MYSTIC LANDSCAPE.
680
00:28:42,760 --> 00:28:43,920
{\an7}Mary-Ann: FOR 500 YEARS
681
00:28:43,960 --> 00:28:46,720
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAFTER THE FIRST
BLUESTONE CIRCLE WENT UP,
682
00:28:46,760 --> 00:28:47,840
{\an7}PEOPLE KEPT COMING
683
00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:50,200
{\an7}WITH THE CREMATED REMAINS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THEIR DEAD.
684
00:28:51,600 --> 00:28:55,040
{\an7}THEN AROUND 2500 BC,
685
00:28:55,080 --> 00:28:57,760
{\an7}STONEHENGE UNDERWENT
WHAT YOU MIGHT CALL
686
00:28:57,800 --> 00:29:02,120
{\an7}A MONUMENTAL TRANSFORMATION.
687
00:29:02,160 --> 00:29:05,520
{\an7}NEOLITHIC BRITONS BROUGHT
THE MASSIVE SARSEN STONES
688
00:29:05,560 --> 00:29:09,440
{\an7}AND BEGAN TO CREATE THE MONUMENT
THAT WE SEE TODAY.
689
00:29:09,480 --> 00:29:13,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT WHY DID THEY TAKE
A PERFECTLY GOOD STONE CIRCLE
690
00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:16,920
{\an7}\h\hAND THEN BUILD A NEW,
COMPLETELY DIFFERENT ONE?
691
00:29:16,960 --> 00:29:20,760
{\an7}THE ANSWER MIGHT BE
STONE AGE POLITICS.
692
00:29:20,800 --> 00:29:23,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAROUND THE TIME
THAT STONEHENGE REACHES
693
00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:25,280
{\an7}ITS MOST COMPLETE
AND COMPLEX FORM,
694
00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:27,400
{\an7}A NEW TYPE OF BURIAL
\hSTARTS TO BE SEEN
695
00:29:27,440 --> 00:29:29,000
{\an7}IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD.
696
00:29:32,280 --> 00:29:34,680
{\an7}ONE OF THE MOST ICONIC
\hOF THESE NEW BURIALS
697
00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:39,280
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIS NOW PRESERVED
AT THE SALISBURY MUSEUM.
698
00:29:39,320 --> 00:29:42,400
{\an7}JACKIE McKINLEY WAS ONE OF
\hTHE FIRST ARCHAEOLOGISTS
699
00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:44,480
{\an7}TO EXAMINE THE BODY.
700
00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:47,640
{\an7}SO, THIS IS THE AMESBURY ARCHER?
701
00:29:47,680 --> 00:29:49,720
{\an7}\h\h\hJacqueline McKinley:
WELL, I KNOW HIM AS 1291,
702
00:29:49,760 --> 00:29:52,520
{\an7}\h\hBUT THAT DOESN’T MAKE
VERY GOOD MEDIA HEADLINES,
703
00:29:52,560 --> 00:29:54,320
{\an7}SO AMESBURY IS FROM
WHERE HE WAS FOUND,
704
00:29:54,360 --> 00:29:55,600
{\an7}HE WAS FOUND AT AMESBURY DOWN.
705
00:29:58,600 --> 00:30:01,920
{\an7}Mary-Ann: IT’S THIS POT,
\h\hFOUND IN HIS GRAVE,
706
00:30:01,960 --> 00:30:04,200
{\an7}THAT GIVES US A BIG CLUE
\h\h\h\h\hTO WHO HE WAS.
707
00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:08,160
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hJackie:
THEY ARE QUITE DISTINCTIVE,
708
00:30:08,200 --> 00:30:10,200
{\an7}BOTH IN TERMS OF THEIR SHAPE,
709
00:30:10,240 --> 00:30:12,600
{\an7}USUALLY QUITE TALLER
THAN THEY ARE WIDE,
710
00:30:12,640 --> 00:30:15,080
{\an7}BUT ALSO THIS DECORATION.
711
00:30:15,120 --> 00:30:17,840
{\an7}Mary-Ann: THIS IS KNOWN
\h\hAS A BEAKER BURIAL.
712
00:30:17,880 --> 00:30:19,920
{\an7}IT’S UTTERLY DIFFERENT
\h\hTO ANYTHING FOUND
713
00:30:19,960 --> 00:30:23,440
{\an7}FROM EARLIER PERIODS
\hAROUND STONEHENGE.
714
00:30:23,480 --> 00:30:27,520
{\an7}OUTSIDERS HAD BEGUN TO SETTLE
\h\h\h\h\hON SALISBURY PLAIN.
715
00:30:27,560 --> 00:30:29,880
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hPOTS LIKE THESE
STARTED TURNING UP IN GRAVES
716
00:30:29,920 --> 00:30:33,520
{\an7}AROUND 2500 BC.
717
00:30:33,560 --> 00:30:36,560
{\an7}\h\hTHEY ARE THE REASON
THIS GROUP BECOMES KNOWN
718
00:30:36,600 --> 00:30:38,120
{\an7}AS THE BEAKER PEOPLE.
719
00:30:40,200 --> 00:30:42,320
{\an7}THEY WERE DESIGNED TO BE
\h\h\hHELD IN THE HANDS,
720
00:30:42,360 --> 00:30:46,440
{\an7}\hPROBABLY FOR DRINKING
RATHER THAN FOR STORAGE.
721
00:30:46,480 --> 00:30:48,400
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT IT WASN’T
THE BEAKERS THEMSELVES
722
00:30:48,440 --> 00:30:50,720
{\an7}THAT MADE THE AMESBURY ARCHER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSUCH A THREAT
723
00:30:50,760 --> 00:30:53,400
{\an7}TO THE LOCAL WAY OF LIFE.
724
00:30:53,440 --> 00:30:54,920
{\an7}Jackie: HE WAS DUBBED THE ARCHER
725
00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:58,800
{\an7}\h\h\hBECAUSE HE WAS FOUND WITH
SO MANY ARROWHEADS IN HIS GRAVE.
726
00:30:58,840 --> 00:31:01,800
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
LOOKING AT THIS BURIAL,
727
00:31:01,840 --> 00:31:05,160
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE ONE THING THAT
STRIKES ME ABOVE ALL IS
728
00:31:05,200 --> 00:31:08,760
{\an7}JUST HOW MANY DIFFERENT THINGS
THIS MAN HAS BEEN BURIED WITH.
729
00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:10,440
{\an7}\h\hTHE THING THAT
MY EYE IS DRAWN TO
730
00:31:10,480 --> 00:31:13,960
{\an7}ARE THREE PIECES OF METALWORK,
731
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:16,600
{\an7}\h\h\hAND WHAT ARE THOSE TWO
LITTLE THINGS ON THE STICKS?
732
00:31:16,640 --> 00:31:19,040
{\an7}Jackie: WELL, ACTUALLY THE TWO
\hLITTLE THINGS ON THE STICKS
733
00:31:19,080 --> 00:31:24,320
{\an7}ARE WHAT MAKES THIS
SUCH A RICH BURIAL,
734
00:31:24,360 --> 00:31:28,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBECAUSE THEY ARE
GOLD HAIR TRESS DECORATIONS.
735
00:31:28,080 --> 00:31:32,240
{\an7}THERE ARE ONLY EIGHT PAIRS OF
THOSE FROM THE BRITISH ISLES.
736
00:31:32,280 --> 00:31:35,040
{\an7}THEY ARE VERY, VERY
\hHIGH STATUS ITEMS.
737
00:31:35,080 --> 00:31:36,960
{\an7}\hTHE OTHER ITEMS THAT
YOU WERE POINTING OUT,
738
00:31:37,000 --> 00:31:39,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE OTHER BITS
OF GREENISH-LOOKING METAL
739
00:31:39,080 --> 00:31:40,360
{\an7}ARE COPPER KNIVES.
740
00:31:40,400 --> 00:31:44,480
{\an7}THEY WOULD HAVE HAD HANDLES,
\h\hEITHER OF BONE OR WOOD,
741
00:31:44,520 --> 00:31:48,760
{\an7}AND AGAIN THEY ARE SPREAD AROUND
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THIS GRAVE.
742
00:31:50,600 --> 00:31:51,760
{\an7}Mary-Ann: YOU HAVE TO ADMIT,
743
00:31:51,800 --> 00:31:54,840
{\an7}IN A WORLD OF STONE,
\h\hBONE, AND WOOD,
744
00:31:54,880 --> 00:31:57,720
{\an7}\h\hALL THIS SHINY STUFF WOULD
CERTAINLY MAKE YOU STAND OUT.
745
00:32:00,480 --> 00:32:03,960
{\an7}SO WHO WAS THIS MAN
\hWHO WAS SO SPECIAL
746
00:32:04,000 --> 00:32:06,920
{\an7}\h\h\hAND BURIED WITH
ALL THIS AMAZING BLING
747
00:32:06,960 --> 00:32:08,560
{\an7}CLOSE TO STONEHENGE?
748
00:32:08,600 --> 00:32:12,240
{\an7}\hIS THERE A LINK BETWEEN
THIS EXTRAORDINARY BURIAL
749
00:32:12,280 --> 00:32:14,800
{\an7}AND THE BIG STONES?
750
00:32:14,840 --> 00:32:16,040
{\an7}Jackie: IT REALLY DEPENDS
751
00:32:16,080 --> 00:32:19,680
{\an7}WHAT YOU THINK THIS MAN’S
\h\h\hPURPOSE IN LIFE WAS.
752
00:32:19,720 --> 00:32:21,120
{\an7}YOU FIND SUCH A RICH GRAVE,
753
00:32:21,160 --> 00:32:23,680
{\an7}AND THE IMMEDIATE THING IS,
\h\h\h\hOH, CHIEFTAIN, KING.
754
00:32:23,720 --> 00:32:25,680
{\an7}AND I THINK SOME OF THE PAPERS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hREFERRED TO HIM
755
00:32:25,720 --> 00:32:27,600
{\an7}AS THE KING OF STONEHENGE.
756
00:32:27,640 --> 00:32:31,640
{\an7}\hWE KNOW THAT HE DIDN’T
LIVE HERE ALL THE TIME.
757
00:32:31,680 --> 00:32:34,680
{\an7}WE KNOW HE WAS BORN
\h\hSOMEWHERE ELSE,
758
00:32:34,720 --> 00:32:36,440
{\an7}THAT HE PROBABLY
TRAVELED AROUND,
759
00:32:36,480 --> 00:32:37,800
{\an7}SOME OF THE ITEMS HE’S GOT,
760
00:32:37,840 --> 00:32:41,680
{\an7}\hTHE MATERIALS COME FROM
LOTS OF DIFFERENT PLACES.
761
00:32:41,720 --> 00:32:43,520
{\an7}AND THERE IS A CLUE
\h\h\hIN THE GRAVE,
762
00:32:43,560 --> 00:32:46,760
{\an7}AND IT’S PROBABLY THE LEAST
\h\hIMPRESSIVE-LOOKING ITEM.
763
00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:48,320
{\an7}Mary-Ann: YEAH?
764
00:32:48,360 --> 00:32:50,040
{\an7}Jackie: THAT LUMP OF STONE.
765
00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:51,240
{\an7}Mary-Ann: THAT?
766
00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:54,040
{\an7}Jackie: THAT IS VERY IMPORTANT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN METALWORKING.
767
00:32:54,080 --> 00:32:55,360
{\an7}\hIT’S WHAT’S KNOWN
AS A CUSHION STONE.
768
00:32:55,400 --> 00:32:58,680
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT’S TO CUSHION
THE MATERIAL YOU’RE WORKING ON
769
00:32:58,720 --> 00:33:02,720
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWHEN YOU’RE MAKING THOSE
SMALL MOVEMENTS WITH YOUR HAND.
770
00:33:02,760 --> 00:33:04,160
{\an7}THE GOLD, FOR INSTANCE,
771
00:33:04,200 --> 00:33:07,200
{\an7}YOU’D HAVE TO HAVE SOMETHING
TO REST THAT ON TO WORK IT.
772
00:33:07,240 --> 00:33:10,240
{\an7}\h\hMary-Ann: SO THIS MAN
IS POSSIBLY A METALWORKER?
773
00:33:10,280 --> 00:33:12,160
{\an7}Jackie: I THINK HE’S SOMEBODY
774
00:33:12,200 --> 00:33:14,080
{\an7}\h\hWHO DIDN’T JUST
WORK METAL, THOUGH.
775
00:33:14,120 --> 00:33:16,960
{\an7}I THINK HE’S SOMEBODY
WHO TRANSFORMED THINGS
776
00:33:17,000 --> 00:33:18,680
{\an7}FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER,
777
00:33:18,720 --> 00:33:20,800
{\an7}SO BE THAT METAL OR FLINT.
778
00:33:20,840 --> 00:33:25,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hYOU’VE GOT SOMEBODY
WHO CAN WORK A LUMP OF COPPER
779
00:33:25,080 --> 00:33:27,520
{\an7}\hAND TURN IT INTO
A BEAUTIFUL ITEM,
780
00:33:27,560 --> 00:33:31,400
{\an7}BE IT A DAGGER OR SOME KIND
OF OTHER DECORATIVE ITEM...
781
00:33:31,440 --> 00:33:35,040
{\an7}THAT KIND OF PERSON REALLY WOULD
HAVE BEEN VIEWED AS A MAGICIAN.
782
00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:39,040
{\an7}Mary-Ann: SO YOU’VE GOT
\h\hTHIS MAN HANGING OUT
783
00:33:39,080 --> 00:33:41,600
{\an7}\h\h\hAT ONE OF THE BIGGEST
STONE AGE ATTRACTIONS IN...
784
00:33:41,640 --> 00:33:43,520
{\an7}WELL, THE STONE AGE,
785
00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:46,600
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWITH LOTS OF
GAUDY BITS OF METAL.
786
00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:50,480
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT LEADS ME TO
ONE INESCAPABLE CONCLUSION.
787
00:33:50,520 --> 00:33:56,040
{\an7}SO, WE’RE SUGGESTING THAT
THE AMESBURY ARCHER, 1291,
788
00:33:56,080 --> 00:34:00,200
{\an7}IS THE FIRST SOUVENIR STALL
\h\h\hSELLER AT STONEHENGE?
789
00:34:00,240 --> 00:34:02,880
{\an7}Jackie: HIGH QUALITY SOUVENIRS,
I HAVE TO SAY.
790
00:34:06,240 --> 00:34:07,880
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
WHATEVER HE WAS SELLING,
791
00:34:07,920 --> 00:34:10,600
{\an7}IT WAS MADE OF METAL,
792
00:34:10,640 --> 00:34:15,120
{\an7}AND THAT WAS GOING TO TRANSFORM
STONE AGE BRITAIN FOREVER,
793
00:34:15,160 --> 00:34:17,520
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMAINLY BECAUSE
IT WASN’T STONE, OF COURSE.
794
00:34:19,640 --> 00:34:21,240
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hClive:
AS THE OLD EXPRESSION HAS IT,
795
00:34:21,280 --> 00:34:22,920
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE STONE AGE
DIDN’T COME TO AN END
796
00:34:22,960 --> 00:34:24,800
{\an7}BECAUSE WE RAN OUT OF STONES.
797
00:34:26,600 --> 00:34:28,480
{\an7}IT ENDED BECAUSE WE FOUND,
798
00:34:28,520 --> 00:34:31,400
{\an7}\hOR SOMEONE WHO WASN’T OBSESSED
WITH MOVING GIANT STONES FOUND,
799
00:34:31,440 --> 00:34:34,520
{\an7}A NEW AND BETTER TECHNOLOGY.
800
00:34:34,560 --> 00:34:36,200
{\an7}SO, HOW DID THEY DO THAT?
801
00:34:41,600 --> 00:34:43,200
{\an7}I’VE COME TO A LOCAL WOOD
802
00:34:43,240 --> 00:34:46,840
{\an7}TO HUNT FOR THE LESSER SPOTTED
\hEXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGIST,
803
00:34:46,880 --> 00:34:47,880
{\an7}AND WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
804
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:53,280
{\an7}\h\hJAMES DILLEY IS GOING TO
INDUCT ME INTO A NEW WORLD,
805
00:34:53,320 --> 00:34:54,720
{\an7}THE BRONZE AGE.
806
00:34:54,760 --> 00:34:57,480
{\an7}OR AT LEAST HE’S GOING TO TRY.
807
00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:02,640
{\an7}\h\hSO WE’RE STEPPING HERE FROM
THE STONE AGE TO THE BRONZE AGE.
808
00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:04,520
{\an7}BEING ABLE TO GET
\hCOPPER FROM ROCK
809
00:35:04,560 --> 00:35:06,800
{\an7}WAS THE KEY TO THE BRONZE AGE,
810
00:35:06,840 --> 00:35:09,640
{\an7}SO IT REALLY SHOULD BE
CALLED THE COPPER AGE,
811
00:35:09,680 --> 00:35:10,840
{\an7}BUT IF I CALLED IT THAT,
812
00:35:10,880 --> 00:35:12,920
{\an7}\h\h\h\hYOU WOULDN’T KNOW
WHAT I WAS TALKING ABOUT.
813
00:35:12,960 --> 00:35:16,840
{\an7}James Dilley: TAKE THIS, UH,
\hUNUSUAL-LOOKING ROCK HERE.
814
00:35:16,880 --> 00:35:17,920
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNOW, I SAY
IT’S UNUSUAL BECAUSE...
815
00:35:17,960 --> 00:35:19,160
{\an7}Clive: SORT OF GREEN IN IT.
816
00:35:19,200 --> 00:35:21,560
{\an7}James: EXACTLY, IT’S QUITE
\h\h\hA BRIGHT GREEN ROCK.
817
00:35:21,600 --> 00:35:22,640
{\an7}Clive: WHAT ARE WE GONNA DO NOW
818
00:35:22,680 --> 00:35:26,240
{\an7}\hTO TURN MERE ROCK
INTO USABLE COPPER?
819
00:35:26,280 --> 00:35:28,920
{\an7}James: WE NEED TO BREAK IT UP.
820
00:35:28,960 --> 00:35:30,720
{\an7}Clive: WHILE I’M STUCK
\h\h\hIN THE STONE AGE
821
00:35:30,760 --> 00:35:32,400
{\an7}SMASHING UP ROCKS,
822
00:35:32,440 --> 00:35:34,200
{\an7}JAMES GETS THE FIRE GOING
823
00:35:34,240 --> 00:35:36,120
{\an7}\hUSING A TRADITIONAL
BRONZE AGE TECHNIQUE.
824
00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:41,520
{\an7}\hSO THIS COMES FROM
NOT THE COPPER AGE.
825
00:35:41,560 --> 00:35:43,960
{\an7}THIS IS FROM THE B&Q AGE.
826
00:35:44,000 --> 00:35:45,800
{\an7}James: GOT A BIT OF FIRE.
827
00:35:45,840 --> 00:35:47,880
{\an7}\h\h\hI’M GONNA PUT SOME
BITS OF ASH WOOD ON TOP.
828
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:49,480
{\an7}Clive: YEAH.
829
00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:51,200
{\an7}James: AND THEN IT’LL BE
\hSOME BITS OF CHARCOAL
830
00:35:51,240 --> 00:35:53,680
{\an7}JUST TO HELP GET IT GOING,
831
00:35:53,720 --> 00:35:55,520
{\an7}AND I’M GONNA START
WORKING THE BELLOWS
832
00:35:55,560 --> 00:35:57,440
{\an7}TO HELP GETTING AIR THROUGH.
833
00:36:00,240 --> 00:36:03,160
{\an7}YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO HEAR
\h\h\h\hTHAT RUSH OF AIR.
834
00:36:03,200 --> 00:36:05,640
{\an7}Clive: DEFINITELY CAN.
835
00:36:05,680 --> 00:36:07,000
{\an7}YOU KEEP BELLOWING,
\h\hI KEEP GRINDING.
836
00:36:09,560 --> 00:36:10,640
{\an7}SO, THERE YOU HAVE IT,
837
00:36:10,680 --> 00:36:13,200
{\an7}\hTHE TRUE SECRET
OF THE BRONZE AGE.
838
00:36:13,240 --> 00:36:15,840
{\an7}ONE OF THE GREATEST REVOLUTIONS
IN HUMAN HISTORY
839
00:36:15,880 --> 00:36:19,640
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hCOMES DOWN TO
GRINDING AND BELLOWING.
840
00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:21,320
{\an7}James: SO, IF YOU SPRINKLE
841
00:36:21,360 --> 00:36:23,760
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hA LITTLE BIT
OF THAT COPPER ORE IN...
842
00:36:23,800 --> 00:36:24,720
{\an7}FROM THE DISH.
843
00:36:24,760 --> 00:36:25,920
{\an7}Clive: RIGHT.
844
00:36:25,960 --> 00:36:27,800
{\an7}James: JUST STRAIGHT IN.
845
00:36:27,840 --> 00:36:31,040
{\an7}\hPROBABLY START TO SEE SOME
GREEN FLAMES COMING THROUGH
846
00:36:31,080 --> 00:36:32,560
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWHEN I START
WORKING THE BELLOWS.
847
00:36:32,600 --> 00:36:34,480
{\an7}\hClive: SO WE COULD HAVE A SORT
OF BARBECUE WHILE WE’RE WAITING.
848
00:36:34,520 --> 00:36:35,480
{\an7}James: WE COULD.
849
00:36:35,520 --> 00:36:37,040
{\an7}Clive: ON TOP OF THIS,
\h\h\h\h\hCOULDN’T WE?
850
00:36:39,600 --> 00:36:44,040
{\an7}\h\h\hJames: THE PIECES OF ORE,
THEY’LL START TO SMELT, REDUCE,
851
00:36:44,080 --> 00:36:45,720
{\an7}\hAND THE COPPER WILL START
TO DRIP THROUGH TO THE DISH.
852
00:36:47,840 --> 00:36:51,400
{\an7}HOPEFULLY, WE’LL HAVE
\hSOME MOLTEN COPPER.
853
00:36:51,440 --> 00:36:53,880
{\an7}Clive: OH, I HOPE SO.
854
00:36:53,920 --> 00:36:55,720
{\an7}WELL, IT LOOKS HOT ENOUGH
\h\h\h\h\hIN THE CRUCIBLE.
855
00:36:55,760 --> 00:36:57,840
{\an7}James: IT CERTAINLY
\hLOOKS HOT ENOUGH.
856
00:36:57,880 --> 00:36:59,240
{\an7}HEY.
857
00:36:59,280 --> 00:37:00,480
{\an7}Clive: OH, WOW, YES.
858
00:37:02,200 --> 00:37:04,200
{\an7}YES, A CERTAIN AMOUNT
\h\h\hHAS POURED OUT.
859
00:37:04,240 --> 00:37:06,360
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hJames:
YOU CAN SEE IT ALL GLOWING.
860
00:37:06,400 --> 00:37:07,640
{\an7}Clive: YEAH.
861
00:37:07,680 --> 00:37:10,920
{\an7}James: A LITTLE AXE IN THERE,
\h\h\h\h\h\hBY THE LOOK OF IT.
862
00:37:10,960 --> 00:37:12,720
{\an7}A VERY LITTLE AXE.
863
00:37:12,760 --> 00:37:15,280
{\an7}Clive: AXE NOT WHAT YOU CAN DO
\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR YOUR COUNTRY.
864
00:37:15,320 --> 00:37:17,200
{\an7}WE’VE MOLDED SOMETHING.
865
00:37:17,240 --> 00:37:18,240
{\an7}OH, I SEE, YES.
866
00:37:20,320 --> 00:37:22,840
{\an7}James: SO, THERE WE GO.
THOSE ARE THE TWO BITS.
867
00:37:22,880 --> 00:37:25,160
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hClive: OH, YES,
SATISFYINGLY COPPER-COLORED.
868
00:37:25,200 --> 00:37:27,920
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWOULDN’T SAY
IT’S QUITE AN AXE HEAD.
869
00:37:27,960 --> 00:37:29,320
{\an7}IT’S A PAIR OF EARRINGS,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hISN’T IT?
870
00:37:29,360 --> 00:37:30,440
{\an7}[LAUGHS]
871
00:37:30,480 --> 00:37:32,800
{\an7}LOOK. PERFECT.
872
00:37:35,520 --> 00:37:36,480
{\an7}SO, IF NOTHING ELSE,
873
00:37:36,520 --> 00:37:38,360
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWE’VE PROVED
THAT BRONZE AGE PEOPLE
874
00:37:38,400 --> 00:37:41,520
{\an7}WERE CAPABLE OF ACCESSORIZING.
875
00:37:41,560 --> 00:37:44,360
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSERIOUSLY,
THIS WAS REVOLUTIONARY.
876
00:37:44,400 --> 00:37:45,600
{\an7}THESE NEW SKILLS
877
00:37:45,640 --> 00:37:47,920
{\an7}MADE THE FLINT-WIELDING
\h\h\h\hNEOLITHIC LOCALS
878
00:37:47,960 --> 00:37:49,920
{\an7}SEEM POSITIVELY STONE AGE.
879
00:37:52,600 --> 00:37:55,840
{\an7}\hSO, WHERE DID THESE RADICAL,
ALMOST MAGICAL NEW TECHNIQUES
880
00:37:55,880 --> 00:37:58,720
{\an7}COME FROM?
881
00:37:58,760 --> 00:38:01,160
{\an7}\h\h\h\hMike: WE KNOW
FROM GENETIC EVIDENCE,
882
00:38:01,200 --> 00:38:03,240
{\an7}THE ANCIENT DNA,
883
00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:05,960
{\an7}\hTHAT ACTUALLY THE PEOPLE
BURIED WITH THOSE BEAKERS
884
00:38:06,000 --> 00:38:07,720
{\an7}HAD THEIR ANCESTRY
885
00:38:07,760 --> 00:38:11,280
{\an7}\hNOT AMONGST THE POPULATION
OF THE NEOLITHIC IN BRITAIN,
886
00:38:11,320 --> 00:38:15,360
{\an7}\hBUT ACTUALLY FROM PEOPLE WHOSE
ORIGINS WERE NOT JUST IN EUROPE,
887
00:38:15,400 --> 00:38:19,800
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT ALL THE WAY BACK
TO THE UKRAINIAN STEPPES.
888
00:38:19,840 --> 00:38:22,640
{\an7}Clive: MIKE BELIEVES THE CHANGES
THE BEAKERS BROUGHT WITH THEM
889
00:38:22,680 --> 00:38:25,800
{\an7}REACHED FAR BEYOND
\h\hTHE TOOL SHED.
890
00:38:25,840 --> 00:38:29,080
{\an7}Mike: IT IS A TRANSFORMATION
\h\h\h\hOF BRITISH SOCIETY,
891
00:38:29,120 --> 00:38:30,480
{\an7}NOT SIMPLY TO DO WITH THE METAL.
892
00:38:30,520 --> 00:38:31,960
{\an7}AND THOSE BEAKER PEOPLE
893
00:38:32,000 --> 00:38:34,920
{\an7}ARE BRINGING THE WHEEL
\hAS A NEW INVENTION.
894
00:38:34,960 --> 00:38:36,760
{\an7}\h\hTHEY’VE BEEN LIVING
WITH THE WHEEL IN EUROPE
895
00:38:36,800 --> 00:38:38,800
{\an7}\h\h\hFOR CENTURIES
UP UNTIL THIS POINT.
896
00:38:38,840 --> 00:38:41,320
{\an7}\h\h\hClive: NEWFANGLED THINGS
LIKE THE WHEEL, THE BEAKER...
897
00:38:41,360 --> 00:38:43,960
{\an7}\hMike: AND METAL.
Clive: AND METAL.
898
00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:46,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSO, THIS SPELT THE END
OF THE STONE AGE AS WE NOW...
899
00:38:46,080 --> 00:38:47,320
{\an7}Mike: EXACTLY.
900
00:38:48,880 --> 00:38:52,080
{\an7}\hClive: THE STONE AGE
WAS COMING TO AN END.
901
00:38:52,120 --> 00:38:54,920
{\an7}\hBUT HOW DOES THAT CONNECT TO
THE BIGGEST TRANSFORMATION YET
902
00:38:54,960 --> 00:38:57,840
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF BRITAIN’S
MOST FAMOUS PILE OF STONES--
903
00:38:57,880 --> 00:39:01,520
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE ARRIVAL
OF THE MIGHTY SARSEN STONES?
904
00:39:06,280 --> 00:39:11,000
{\an7}OK, SO WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT
THE EVOLUTION OF STONEHENGE?
905
00:39:13,920 --> 00:39:15,760
{\an7}AROUND 5,000 YEARS AGO,
906
00:39:15,800 --> 00:39:18,960
{\an7}ANCIENT BRITONS BUILT
\hA HUGE STONE CIRCLE
907
00:39:19,000 --> 00:39:24,080
{\an7}\hUSING STONES DRAGGED
180 MILES FROM WALES.
908
00:39:24,120 --> 00:39:26,480
{\an7}BUT 500 YEARS LATER,
\h\hTHEY REBUILT IT,
909
00:39:26,520 --> 00:39:28,280
{\an7}MOVING THE BLUESTONES
\h\h\hINTO THE CENTER
910
00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:30,840
{\an7}\hAND INTRODUCING
THE SARSEN STONES.
911
00:39:35,320 --> 00:39:37,120
{\an7}THIS IS WHEN STONEHENGE,
912
00:39:37,160 --> 00:39:38,800
{\an7}PRETTY MUCH AS WE KNOW IT TODAY,
913
00:39:38,840 --> 00:39:41,080
{\an7}WAS BUILT.
914
00:39:41,120 --> 00:39:44,040
{\an7}THIS ICONIC STRUCTURE REMAINS
\h\h\hTHE ULTIMATE EXPRESSION
915
00:39:44,080 --> 00:39:47,520
{\an7}\h\h\h\hOF THE CULTURE
OF STONE AGE BRITONS.
916
00:39:47,560 --> 00:39:52,640
{\an7}\h\h\hMORE THAN A MILLION PEOPLE
STILL COME TO SEE IT EVERY YEAR.
917
00:39:52,680 --> 00:39:53,840
{\an7}THE QUESTION IS
918
00:39:53,880 --> 00:39:54,840
{\an7}\h\h\hWHAT PROMPTED
THE ANCIENT BRITONS
919
00:39:54,880 --> 00:39:57,320
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO CARRY OUT
SUCH A VAST REMODELING
920
00:39:57,360 --> 00:39:59,520
{\an7}OF WHAT WAS A PERFECTLY GOOD
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSTONE CIRCLE?
921
00:40:01,880 --> 00:40:03,720
{\an7}RAISING THESE MASSIVE STONES
922
00:40:03,760 --> 00:40:06,800
{\an7}\hWOULD HAVE BEEN A HUGE
UNDERTAKING ON ITS OWN,
923
00:40:06,840 --> 00:40:10,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT IN FACT IT WAS
JUST THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG
924
00:40:10,080 --> 00:40:11,600
{\an7}BECAUSE THE ANCIENT BRITONS
925
00:40:11,640 --> 00:40:13,920
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWENT ON SOMETHING OF
A STONE AGE BUILDING SPREE.
926
00:40:19,880 --> 00:40:21,960
{\an7}Mary-Ann: JUST DOWN THE ROAD
\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM STONEHENGE,
927
00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:25,440
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSILBURY HILL
IS ONE SUCH PROJECT.
928
00:40:25,480 --> 00:40:29,440
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDOESN’T LOOK
ALL THAT IMPRESSIVE, DOES IT?
929
00:40:29,480 --> 00:40:33,840
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hUNTIL YOU REALIZE
THAT IT’S NOT A HILL AT ALL.
930
00:40:33,880 --> 00:40:36,360
{\an7}\h\hA HILL, BUT NOT
AS WE KNOW IT, JIM.
931
00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:38,400
{\an7}Jim: NO, A MONUMENTAL MOUND.
932
00:40:38,440 --> 00:40:39,920
{\an7}Mary-Ann: SO, NOT NATURAL?
933
00:40:39,960 --> 00:40:41,720
{\an7}Jim: NO, NOTHING NATURAL
\h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT THAT.
934
00:40:41,760 --> 00:40:45,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
THAT IS ABSOLUTELY MASSIVE.
935
00:40:45,080 --> 00:40:46,880
{\an7}I MEAN, HOW HIGH IS IT?
936
00:40:46,920 --> 00:40:50,200
{\an7}Jim: FROM THE CENTER POINT,
\hTHAT’S 31 1/2 METERS HIGH,
937
00:40:50,240 --> 00:40:53,680
{\an7}\h\h\hMAKING IT THE LARGEST
PREHISTORIC MOUND IN EUROPE
938
00:40:53,720 --> 00:40:56,520
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THE TALLEST,
ONE OF THE TALLEST IN THE WORLD.
939
00:40:56,560 --> 00:40:57,960
{\an7}Mary-Ann: OK, WHAT’S ITS STORY?
940
00:40:58,000 --> 00:40:59,800
{\an7}\hJim: WELL, WE KNOW
THAT IT WAS CREATED
941
00:40:59,840 --> 00:41:00,800
{\an7}IN THE LATE NEOLITHIC PERIOD,
942
00:41:00,840 --> 00:41:03,800
{\an7}AROUND 2450 BC.
943
00:41:03,840 --> 00:41:05,280
{\an7}THEY BUILT IT SLOWLY.
944
00:41:05,320 --> 00:41:07,560
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSO INITIALLY
IT’S A LITTLE GRAVEL MOUND,
945
00:41:07,600 --> 00:41:10,800
{\an7}AND THEN WE START GETTING
\h\h\h\hEVER LARGER MOUNDS
946
00:41:10,840 --> 00:41:13,880
{\an7}AND CREATED OVER, I DON’T KNOW,
FOUR OR FIVE GENERATIONS
947
00:41:13,920 --> 00:41:15,760
{\an7}TO THE MONUMENT YOU SEE TODAY.
948
00:41:15,800 --> 00:41:17,600
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
STONEHENGE AND SILBURY HILL
949
00:41:17,640 --> 00:41:20,480
{\an7}\h\h\hWOULD BE PRETTY EPIC
ACHIEVEMENTS ON THEIR OWN,
950
00:41:20,520 --> 00:41:23,480
{\an7}BUT THE STONE AGE BRITONS
\hHAD BARELY GOT STARTED.
951
00:41:23,520 --> 00:41:25,720
{\an7}Jim: BETWEEN STONEHENGE
\h\h\hAND SILBURY HILL,
952
00:41:25,760 --> 00:41:27,160
{\an7}WE HAVE THE VALE OF PEWSEY,
953
00:41:27,200 --> 00:41:29,360
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WE HAVE
THE HUGE HENGE MONUMENT
954
00:41:29,400 --> 00:41:30,560
{\an7}KNOWN AS MARDEN HENGE,
955
00:41:30,600 --> 00:41:33,280
{\an7}\hAND OF COURSE WE HAVE
DURRINGTON WALLS HENGE.
956
00:41:33,320 --> 00:41:37,520
{\an7}ALL SEEM TO BE BEING CONSTRUCTED
AT AROUND ABOUT THE SAME TIME.
957
00:41:37,560 --> 00:41:38,800
{\an7}Mary-Ann: WOW.
958
00:41:38,840 --> 00:41:43,200
{\an7}THAT REPRESENTS MILLIONS
\h\h\hOF HOURS OF LABOR.
959
00:41:43,240 --> 00:41:44,560
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWHAT ON EARTH
ARE THE PEOPLE DOING?
960
00:41:44,600 --> 00:41:45,560
{\an7}AREN’T THEY FARMERS?
961
00:41:45,600 --> 00:41:47,160
{\an7}\h\hHAVEN’T THEY GOT
BETTER THINGS TO DO?
962
00:41:47,200 --> 00:41:52,280
{\an7}\hJim: SOMETHING’S HAPPENING
THAT’S CREATING A RESPONSE.
963
00:41:52,320 --> 00:41:55,240
{\an7}\h\h\hWHEN YOU START LOOKING AT
THE DATING OF THESE BIG MOUNDS,
964
00:41:55,280 --> 00:41:57,920
{\an7}\h\hTHEY DO SEEM TO BE
AROUND THE SAME TIME,
965
00:41:57,960 --> 00:42:01,360
{\an7}ALL AROUND 2450 BC.
966
00:42:06,880 --> 00:42:08,280
{\an7}Mary-Ann: STONE AGE BRITONS
967
00:42:08,320 --> 00:42:10,840
{\an7}HAD CLEARLY GOT THEMSELVES
\h\h\h\h\hPRETTY WORKED UP
968
00:42:10,880 --> 00:42:15,320
{\an7}TO POUR SO MUCH EFFORT INTO
\hMONUMENTAL BUILDING WORKS,
969
00:42:15,360 --> 00:42:19,680
{\an7}PART OF WHICH LED THEM TO BUILD
STONEHENGE AS WE KNOW IT TODAY.
970
00:42:19,720 --> 00:42:20,960
{\an7}AND OF COURSE
971
00:42:21,000 --> 00:42:23,320
{\an7}\hSOMETHING ELSE HAPPENED
AT THIS MOMENT IN HISTORY
972
00:42:23,360 --> 00:42:25,760
{\an7}THAT’S ALMOST CERTAINLY
\h\h\hNOT A COINCIDENCE.
973
00:42:27,760 --> 00:42:29,480
{\an7}THE AMESBURY ARCHER’S
\h\h\h\hBEAKER PEOPLE
974
00:42:29,520 --> 00:42:33,040
{\an7}ARRIVED HERE FROM THE CONTINENT
WITH THEIR SHINY METAL BLING.
975
00:42:35,680 --> 00:42:39,480
{\an7}\hJIM LEARY BELIEVES THIS ALMOST
FRANTIC STONE-MONUMENT BUILDING
976
00:42:39,520 --> 00:42:43,240
{\an7}WAS THE NEOLITHIC BRITS’ ATTEMPT
TO MARK THEIR GROUND
977
00:42:43,280 --> 00:42:46,080
{\an7}AND PROVE THE SUPERIORITY
\h\hOF STONE AGE CULTURE.
978
00:42:48,120 --> 00:42:50,480
{\an7}Jim: SO WE HAVE THIS COMPETITION
979
00:42:50,520 --> 00:42:53,640
{\an7}BETWEEN AN OLD WAY OF LIFE
\h\hAND A NEW WAY OF LIFE.
980
00:42:53,680 --> 00:42:55,640
{\an7}SO, NEW PEOPLE COMING
\hFROM THE CONTINENT,
981
00:42:55,680 --> 00:42:57,200
{\an7}AND I THINK IT’S MANIFESTING
982
00:42:57,240 --> 00:43:01,240
{\an7}\h\h\hIN WHAT IS QUITE FRANKLY
AN UNSUSTAINABLE WAY OF LIFE.
983
00:43:01,280 --> 00:43:04,560
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMary-Ann:
THE LOCALS ARE TERRIFIED,
984
00:43:04,600 --> 00:43:06,560
{\an7}SO THE RESPONSE IS,
985
00:43:06,600 --> 00:43:09,280
{\an7}LET’S BUILD A MASSIVE MOUND
\h\h\h\h\h\hOR A STONEHENGE.
986
00:43:09,320 --> 00:43:11,960
{\an7}\hCRIKEY, WE NEED TO MAKE
OUR BEAUTIFUL STONE CIRCLE
987
00:43:12,000 --> 00:43:13,680
{\an7}EVEN BETTER.
988
00:43:13,720 --> 00:43:15,160
{\an7}LET’S GET THE BIG STONES IN.
989
00:43:15,200 --> 00:43:19,240
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hJim: IT DOES SEEM
AS IF PEOPLE ARE RESPONDING
990
00:43:19,280 --> 00:43:23,480
{\an7}\h\hBY LAYING CLAIM TO WHAT WAS,
WHAT IS CLEARLY ANCESTRAL LAND.
991
00:43:23,520 --> 00:43:26,640
{\an7}SO, I MEAN THIS IS A WAY OF
GETTING THE SOCIETY TOGETHER
992
00:43:26,680 --> 00:43:29,240
{\an7}TO MAKING CLAIM TO THIS VALLEY.
993
00:43:31,560 --> 00:43:33,120
{\an7}Mary-Ann: FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS
994
00:43:33,160 --> 00:43:35,760
{\an7}\h\h\hSTONE AGE BRITONS
HAD LIVED ON THIS PLAIN,
995
00:43:35,800 --> 00:43:37,120
{\an7}HUNTING AUROCHS, FARMING,
996
00:43:37,160 --> 00:43:38,920
{\an7}AND PILING UP EARTH AND STONES
997
00:43:38,960 --> 00:43:42,880
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN MYSTIC
EYE-CATCHING FORMATIONS.
998
00:43:42,920 --> 00:43:45,440
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hNOW, WHETHER
THEY LIKED IT OR NOT,
999
00:43:45,480 --> 00:43:47,560
{\an7}AND IT APPEARS THEY DIDN’T,
1000
00:43:47,600 --> 00:43:50,040
{\an7}EVERYTHING WAS CHANGING,
1001
00:43:50,080 --> 00:43:52,680
{\an7}ALL BECAUSE OF BEAKER BLING.
1002
00:43:52,720 --> 00:43:54,360
{\an7}THE BEAKER PEOPLE
\hBUGGERED IT UP.
1003
00:43:54,400 --> 00:43:55,720
{\an7}Jim: YEAH, THEY DID.
1004
00:43:55,760 --> 00:43:56,880
{\an7}IT ALL WENT DOWNHILL FROM THERE.
1005
00:43:56,920 --> 00:43:57,800
{\an7}Mary-Ann: YEAH.
1006
00:44:00,560 --> 00:44:04,240
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBUILDING MONUMENTS
LIKE STONEHENGE AND SILBURY HILL
1007
00:44:04,280 --> 00:44:07,600
{\an7}REQUIRES MASSIVE AMOUNTS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF MANPOWER,
1008
00:44:07,640 --> 00:44:10,040
{\an7}MATERIALS BROUGHT FROM AFAR,
1009
00:44:10,080 --> 00:44:14,240
{\an7}AND CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGY,
\h\h\h\h\h\hSTONE AGE STYLE.
1010
00:44:14,280 --> 00:44:18,120
{\an7}THEY’RE ALSO, I THINK,
\h\hACTS OF DEFIANCE.
1011
00:44:18,160 --> 00:44:21,160
{\an7}\h\hTHIS IS THE POINT WHERE WE
SEE PEOPLE DEEP IN PREHISTORY
1012
00:44:21,200 --> 00:44:23,040
{\an7}SAYING, ALRIGHT,
YOU BEAKER FOLK,
1013
00:44:23,080 --> 00:44:24,720
{\an7}\h\h\h\hYOU MIGHT HAVE
NEW KINDS OF POTTERY,
1014
00:44:24,760 --> 00:44:26,640
{\an7}YOU’VE GOT YOUR SHINY METAL...
1015
00:44:26,680 --> 00:44:27,920
{\an7}BUT LOOK WHAT WE CAN DO.
1016
00:44:31,880 --> 00:44:33,600
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hClive:
SO, DID THE ANCIENT BRITONS
1017
00:44:33,640 --> 00:44:37,040
{\an7}MANAGE TO BUILD THEIR WAY OUT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THIS CRISIS?
1018
00:44:37,080 --> 00:44:38,880
{\an7}WERE THE BEAKER PEOPLE TERRIFIED
1019
00:44:38,920 --> 00:44:42,400
{\an7}BY THE INCREASINGLY ELABORATE
\h\h\h\hSTONE AND EARTHWORKS?
1020
00:44:42,440 --> 00:44:43,680
{\an7}IN OTHER WORDS,
1021
00:44:43,720 --> 00:44:48,160
{\an7}DID THESE FOREIGN INVADERS
\hGET THE HINT AND LEAVE?
1022
00:44:48,200 --> 00:44:52,640
{\an7}\h\h\hMIKE PARKER PEARSON
THINKS HE HAS THE ANSWER.
1023
00:44:52,680 --> 00:44:54,960
{\an7}WHAT HAPPENED TO THE PEOPLE
\h\h\hWHO WERE LIVING HERE?
1024
00:44:55,000 --> 00:44:56,760
{\an7}PRE-BEAKER FOLK?
1025
00:44:56,800 --> 00:45:00,920
{\an7}Mike: THE GENETIC EVIDENCE
IS REALLY QUITE DRAMATIC,
1026
00:45:00,960 --> 00:45:03,040
{\an7}BECAUSE WITHIN A THOUSAND YEARS,
1027
00:45:03,080 --> 00:45:05,120
{\an7}THE POPULATION OF BRITAIN,
1028
00:45:05,160 --> 00:45:11,640
{\an7}90% OF THEIR GENES DERIVE FROM
\hTHOSE CONTINENTAL ARRIVALS.
1029
00:45:11,680 --> 00:45:13,000
{\an7}Clive: WOW.
1030
00:45:13,040 --> 00:45:14,880
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE STONE AGE BRITONS
WHO HAD DOMINATED THE COUNTRY
1031
00:45:14,920 --> 00:45:17,600
{\an7}\h\h\h\hFOR THOUSANDS
AND THOUSANDS OF YEARS
1032
00:45:17,640 --> 00:45:22,200
{\an7}DISAPPEAR ALMOST IN
THE BLINK OF AN EYE.
1033
00:45:22,240 --> 00:45:25,160
{\an7}Mike: WE’RE SEEING THEIR DNA
\h\h\h\h\h\hGETTING SWAMPED
1034
00:45:25,200 --> 00:45:28,040
{\an7}\h\hWITHIN A LARGER
POPULATION OVERALL.
1035
00:45:28,080 --> 00:45:32,200
{\an7}Clive: SO IT’S SORT OF BEING
\hREPLACED BY, BY INCOMERS,
1036
00:45:32,240 --> 00:45:33,440
{\an7}BY THE NEW FOLK.
1037
00:45:33,480 --> 00:45:35,400
{\an7}Mike: YEAH, IT’S A NEAR TOTAL
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hREPLACEMENT.
1038
00:45:37,720 --> 00:45:39,040
{\an7}Clive: IT’S IMPOSSIBLE TO KNOW
1039
00:45:39,080 --> 00:45:41,640
{\an7}PRECISELY WHAT NEOLITHIC BRITONS
WERE REALLY THINKING.
1040
00:45:41,680 --> 00:45:43,640
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE THEY HOPING
THEIR NEW IMPROVED STONEHENGE
1041
00:45:43,680 --> 00:45:46,600
{\an7}WOULD BRING THE GODS
\h\hONTO THEIR SIDE?
1042
00:45:46,640 --> 00:45:50,640
{\an7}\h\h\hWERE THEY JUST TRYING
TO SCARE THE NEWCOMERS AWAY?
1043
00:45:50,680 --> 00:45:52,120
{\an7}BUT WHATEVER THEIR INTENTIONS,
1044
00:45:52,160 --> 00:45:54,040
{\an7}IT CLEARLY DIDN’T WORK
1045
00:45:54,080 --> 00:45:56,800
{\an7}BECAUSE THE GENETICS SAY THAT
\hTHE BRONZE AGE BEAKER PEOPLE
1046
00:45:56,840 --> 00:46:00,720
{\an7}TOOK OVER THE COUNTRY ANYWAY.
1047
00:46:00,760 --> 00:46:05,160
{\an7}STONEHENGE, AS WE KNOW IT,
\hMARKS THE END OF AN ERA,
1048
00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:07,640
{\an7}THE END OF THE STONE AGE.
1049
00:46:07,680 --> 00:46:10,840
{\an7}SO IS THAT ULTIMATELY
\hWHAT STONEHENGE IS,
1050
00:46:10,880 --> 00:46:14,200
{\an7}THE LAST HURRAH OF BRITISH
\h\h\h\h\hNEOLITHIC PEOPLE
1051
00:46:14,240 --> 00:46:18,160
{\an7}BECOMING A STONE MONUMENT
\h\hTO A DYING STONE AGE?
1052
00:46:21,280 --> 00:46:23,640
{\an7}Mary-Ann: CLIVE, WHY DO YOU
THINK STONEHENGE WAS BUILT?
1053
00:46:23,680 --> 00:46:25,360
{\an7}Clive: I THINK THE EVIDENCE
\h\h\h\h\hPOINTS TO THE IDEA
1054
00:46:25,400 --> 00:46:27,160
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS BUILT
AS A TOURIST ATTRACTION.
1055
00:46:27,200 --> 00:46:29,160
{\an7}WE’VE GOT THE EVIDENCE TODAY,
1056
00:46:29,200 --> 00:46:31,240
{\an7}PEOPLE COME FROM ALL AROUND
\h\hTHE WORLD TO LOOK AT IT.
1057
00:46:31,280 --> 00:46:32,360
{\an7}Mary-Ann: BECAUSE YOU’RE RIGHT.
1058
00:46:32,400 --> 00:46:34,280
{\an7}IT’S ABOUT BUILDING
A SIGNIFICANT PLACE
1059
00:46:34,320 --> 00:46:37,320
{\an7}THAT IS GOING TO BE FAMOUS
\h\hBEYOND THE LOCAL AREA.
1060
00:46:37,360 --> 00:46:39,680
{\an7}\h\hClive: IT’S A MAGNET
FOR BRINGING PEOPLE IN.
1061
00:46:39,720 --> 00:46:41,160
{\an7}\h\hMary-Ann: THAT’S WHAT
JACKIE McKINLEY WAS SAYING
1062
00:46:41,200 --> 00:46:42,720
{\an7}WITH THE AMESBURY ARCHER.
1063
00:46:42,760 --> 00:46:44,760
{\an7}HE’S ONE OF THESE BEAKER PEOPLE,
1064
00:46:44,800 --> 00:46:46,320
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND HE’S GOT
METALWORKING KIT WITH HIM.
1065
00:46:46,360 --> 00:46:47,920
{\an7}Clive: YES.
1066
00:46:47,960 --> 00:46:50,240
{\an7}Mary-Ann: AND HE MIGHT HAVE COME
BECAUSE STONEHENGE WAS FAMOUS.
1067
00:46:50,280 --> 00:46:52,560
{\an7}\hAND IF HE WANTS
TO SELL HIS STUFF,
1068
00:46:52,600 --> 00:46:53,560
{\an7}WHERE ELSE WOULD YOU GO?
1069
00:46:53,600 --> 00:46:54,880
{\an7}YOU’D GO TO STONEHENGE.
1070
00:46:54,920 --> 00:46:57,280
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hClive: SO STONEHENGE
IS A MONUMENT TO THE STONE AGE,
1071
00:46:57,320 --> 00:46:59,880
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWHICH WAS GONNA BE
REPLACED AND PUSHED ASIDE
1072
00:46:59,920 --> 00:47:01,480
{\an7}BY THIS NEWFANGLED BRONZE AGE.
1073
00:47:01,520 --> 00:47:02,880
{\an7}IF I’M UNDERSTANDING IT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCORRECTLY,
1074
00:47:02,920 --> 00:47:04,280
{\an7}\h\h\hIT WASN’T JUST
THE IDEAS SPREADING;
1075
00:47:04,320 --> 00:47:05,760
{\an7}IT WAS THE PEOPLE SPREADING
1076
00:47:05,800 --> 00:47:08,320
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND SHUNTING ASIDE
THE POOR OLD FLINT WORKERS.
1077
00:47:08,360 --> 00:47:11,440
{\an7}THE FLINTSTONES BEING REPLACED
\h\h\h\h\hBY THE METALWORKERS.
1078
00:47:11,480 --> 00:47:13,680
{\an7}Mary-Ann: BY THE FANCY NEW FOLK
FROM THE CONTINENT.
1079
00:47:13,720 --> 00:47:15,080
{\an7}THE THING ABOUT STONEHENGE,
1080
00:47:15,120 --> 00:47:16,880
{\an7}FOR EVERY GENERATION
1081
00:47:16,920 --> 00:47:19,880
{\an7}IT FEELS LIKE THERE’S A NEW
\hEXPLANATION THAT’S OFFERED
1082
00:47:19,920 --> 00:47:21,400
{\an7}THAT FITS PERFECTLY.
1083
00:47:21,440 --> 00:47:24,200
{\an7}YOU KNOW, WE KIND OF HAVE
THE STONEHENGE WE DESERVE.
1084
00:47:24,240 --> 00:47:27,680
{\an7}SO BACK IN THE DAY,
IN THE 19th CENTURY,
1085
00:47:27,720 --> 00:47:29,920
{\an7}\hWE SAID, OH, IT WAS
MERLIN AND THE DRUIDS,
1086
00:47:29,960 --> 00:47:31,360
{\an7}\h\hBECAUSE PEOPLE WERE
KIND OF GETTING ROMANTIC
1087
00:47:31,400 --> 00:47:32,920
{\an7}ABOUT THE ANCIENT PAST.
1088
00:47:32,960 --> 00:47:34,400
{\an7}WHEREAS THEN WE WENT
\h\hTHROUGH A PHASE
1089
00:47:34,440 --> 00:47:36,400
{\an7}WHERE, DURING THE SPACE RACE,
1090
00:47:36,440 --> 00:47:39,760
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSTONEHENGE WAS CLEARLY
BUILT BY ALIENS WHO CAME DOWN...
1091
00:47:39,800 --> 00:47:42,080
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hClive: A SIGNAL
TO OPEN OUTER SPACE, YEAH.
1092
00:47:42,120 --> 00:47:43,320
{\an7}\h\h\h\hMary-Ann: EXACTLY.
WHEREAS NOW WE’RE SAYING,
1093
00:47:43,360 --> 00:47:46,720
{\an7}OH, ACTUALLY, IT’S BECAUSE
\h\h\hOF NAZI SUPER COWS.
1094
00:47:46,760 --> 00:47:49,040
{\an7}\h\hI DON’T KNOW WHY
THAT FITS WITH 2019,
1095
00:47:49,080 --> 00:47:50,560
{\an7}BUT APPARENTLY IT DOES,
1096
00:47:50,600 --> 00:47:52,920
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND WHO KNOWS
WHAT THE NEXT ITERATION
1097
00:47:52,960 --> 00:47:54,720
{\an7}OF THE EXPLANATION IS GONNA BE.
1098
00:47:54,760 --> 00:47:56,200
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMAYBE THAT’S
THE BEAUTY OF STONEHENGE.
1099
00:47:56,240 --> 00:47:57,960
{\an7}IT’S SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE
1100
00:47:58,000 --> 00:47:59,680
{\an7}IN EVERY SEASON AND GENERATION.
128738
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