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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,105 [MUSIC] 2 2 00:00:04,105 --> 00:00:08,052 In this video, we're creating a whole bunch of depth to our code by using 3 3 00:00:08,052 --> 00:00:12,260 functions and creating our own functions to encapsulate our statements, so 4 4 00:00:12,260 --> 00:00:15,320 that when we push up, up, up, it all works correctly. 5 5 00:00:15,320 --> 00:00:17,353 Hit Enter, the game starts all over again. 6 6 00:00:17,353 --> 00:00:19,169 And we can hit down, down, down, Enter. 7 7 00:00:19,169 --> 00:00:23,182 And it's putting in the correct numbers at the correct time to create a full 8 8 00:00:23,182 --> 00:00:24,050 game loop. 9 9 00:00:24,050 --> 00:00:27,800 So let's jump in and get our game completed. 10 10 00:00:27,800 --> 00:00:30,890 When we look at our start function here, you can see there's a lot going on. 11 11 00:00:30,890 --> 00:00:33,220 Just a reminder, I'm gonna be using the words function and 12 12 00:00:33,220 --> 00:00:35,160 method pretty much interchangeably. 13 13 00:00:35,160 --> 00:00:36,599 For this video, I'll stick with function. 14 14 00:00:36,599 --> 00:00:39,392 So we've just got the ones who are not bouncing around too much. 15 15 00:00:39,392 --> 00:00:41,764 But I tend to say method a bunch as well. 16 16 00:00:41,764 --> 00:00:43,220 We have our Start function. 17 17 00:00:43,220 --> 00:00:45,080 There's a lot going on here. 18 18 00:00:45,080 --> 00:00:47,760 What I'm gonna do is create another function 19 19 00:00:47,760 --> 00:00:52,205 that allows us to encapsulate these statements, this information. 20 20 00:00:52,205 --> 00:00:54,690 Again, we'll talk about encapsulation a bunch in this video. 21 21 00:00:54,690 --> 00:00:57,630 So if you come down underneath your Start function, give yourself a couple of extra 22 22 00:00:57,630 --> 00:01:04,500 spaces and type void StartGame, capital S, capital G for StartGame. 23 23 00:01:04,500 --> 00:01:08,090 And open brackets, and it will close them automatically. 24 24 00:01:08,090 --> 00:01:11,850 Next line, open curly braces and Enter. 25 25 00:01:11,850 --> 00:01:15,050 We have the structure and the shape of a function. 26 26 00:01:15,050 --> 00:01:15,800 So what are we doing here? 27 27 00:01:15,800 --> 00:01:18,195 What are we doing when we're creating a new function? 28 28 00:01:18,195 --> 00:01:19,403 Let me give you a little bit context.. 29 29 00:01:19,403 --> 00:01:23,189 So here's how we write a function, here's our function definition. 30 30 00:01:23,189 --> 00:01:25,412 Function we can think of as a contract. 31 31 00:01:25,412 --> 00:01:29,549 It's a recipe, it's a contract, it's things that we want to have happen. 32 32 00:01:29,549 --> 00:01:31,970 And like our variables, naming is important for 33 33 00:01:31,970 --> 00:01:33,986 functions because it's doing a thing. 34 34 00:01:33,986 --> 00:01:38,253 We wanna make sure we have doing words in there, descriptive words that are verbs. 35 35 00:01:38,253 --> 00:01:40,470 So this is StartGame. 36 36 00:01:40,470 --> 00:01:42,450 It's telling us WHAT to do. 37 37 00:01:42,450 --> 00:01:46,570 Also, we have the () down the end is where we put parameters. 38 38 00:01:46,570 --> 00:01:49,853 At the moment, we don't have anything inside the (), so it's doing nothing. 39 39 00:01:49,853 --> 00:01:52,261 We're gonna talk a lot more about parameters in upcoming sections. 40 40 00:01:52,261 --> 00:01:55,627 But for now, just know that we don't have any parameters for 41 41 00:01:55,627 --> 00:01:58,474 our very simple definition we're creating here. 42 42 00:01:58,474 --> 00:02:00,933 And to start, we have the word void. 43 43 00:02:00,933 --> 00:02:03,361 And the word void could be replaced with other things. 44 44 00:02:03,361 --> 00:02:05,673 Again, in the future, we'll talk about that a bunch more. 45 45 00:02:05,673 --> 00:02:09,570 For now, we just need to know that void means that there's no Return value. 46 46 00:02:09,570 --> 00:02:11,830 When I shout out StartGame, 47 47 00:02:11,830 --> 00:02:15,740 it's not shouting anything back to me saying, you wanna know the number seven? 48 48 00:02:15,740 --> 00:02:18,730 There's nothing at the moment that is being returned. 49 49 00:02:18,730 --> 00:02:20,670 So that's why we put in void. 50 50 00:02:20,670 --> 00:02:22,870 And in future content, we'll be having return values. 51 51 00:02:22,870 --> 00:02:23,860 But for now, we don't need that. 52 52 00:02:23,860 --> 00:02:26,354 We're just saying void, StartGame, and (). 53 53 00:02:26,354 --> 00:02:30,086 And then underneath our void StartGame, we have our open curly braces, 54 54 00:02:30,086 --> 00:02:34,001 all the statements that we want to contain, the ingredients of our recipe, 55 55 00:02:34,001 --> 00:02:35,736 and then closed curly brackets. 56 56 00:02:35,736 --> 00:02:38,812 So curly braces, technically, they're called. 57 57 00:02:38,812 --> 00:02:39,501 Let's jump back over. 58 58 00:02:39,501 --> 00:02:42,270 And here I don't have a big challenge slide for you in this lecture. 59 59 00:02:42,270 --> 00:02:43,882 I've just got a couple of mini challenges. 60 60 00:02:43,882 --> 00:02:49,251 My mini challenge here is to take all of the content from our Start function and 61 61 00:02:49,251 --> 00:02:51,823 put it into our StartGame function. 62 62 00:02:51,823 --> 00:02:57,248 So pause the video and transfer that information in there now. 63 63 00:02:57,248 --> 00:03:03,117 Okay, so we can just highlight, do a Ctrl+X, or Cmd+X if you're on the Mac. 64 64 00:03:03,117 --> 00:03:05,940 And make sure we indent and then paste in there. 65 65 00:03:05,940 --> 00:03:08,384 So now all of this content is in StartGame. 66 66 00:03:08,384 --> 00:03:12,082 And if we save and jump back over into Unity, start the game now, 67 67 00:03:12,082 --> 00:03:16,002 we'll see that none of our instructions will appear on the screen. 68 68 00:03:16,002 --> 00:03:17,878 Taking a moment to think about it, there we go. 69 69 00:03:17,878 --> 00:03:18,885 There's nothing there. 70 70 00:03:18,885 --> 00:03:25,328 And that's because we're not calling this function anywhere. 71 71 00:03:25,328 --> 00:03:28,351 What calling it means is to say, I want you to do this now. 72 72 00:03:28,351 --> 00:03:30,648 Literally, it's like, hey, start game. 73 73 00:03:30,648 --> 00:03:33,763 And the place that we can do that is in our Start function. 74 74 00:03:33,763 --> 00:03:38,187 We know that Start will be called cuz that's part of Unity's underlining system. 75 75 00:03:38,187 --> 00:03:40,470 Start always gets called if we have Start in there. 76 76 00:03:40,470 --> 00:03:42,064 We don't need to call Start. 77 77 00:03:42,064 --> 00:03:44,226 Unity engine will call Start. 78 78 00:03:44,226 --> 00:03:47,709 But we need to call out StartGame cuz that's a function that we've created. 79 79 00:03:47,709 --> 00:03:51,590 So we can say very simply in here StartGame. 80 80 00:03:51,590 --> 00:03:53,780 We type it here, we don't say it, we type it. 81 81 00:03:53,780 --> 00:03:58,870 StartGame and then ; cuz it's a statement, so written the same way. 82 82 00:03:58,870 --> 00:04:02,370 This is saying, I want you to do StartGame. 83 83 00:04:02,370 --> 00:04:02,970 And what is that? 84 84 00:04:02,970 --> 00:04:06,100 Well, we come down here, and all of these statements will be executed. 85 85 00:04:06,100 --> 00:04:08,936 So it's exactly the same functionalities when we had them all in there. 86 86 00:04:08,936 --> 00:04:11,107 But it tidies it up, it encapsulates it. 87 87 00:04:11,107 --> 00:04:14,519 So now when we look at Start, what happens when we start our the game? 88 88 00:04:14,519 --> 00:04:15,526 It does the StartGame. 89 89 00:04:15,526 --> 00:04:18,116 It's like, yes, I know the StartGame gives the instructions. 90 90 00:04:18,116 --> 00:04:21,227 And then if we need to go and find out the details, we can come down here and 91 91 00:04:21,227 --> 00:04:21,789 have a look. 92 92 00:04:21,789 --> 00:04:24,424 But we're not bombarded with them right at the very start. 93 93 00:04:24,424 --> 00:04:27,923 So it's a really lovely way for us to organize our code, 94 94 00:04:27,923 --> 00:04:31,210 keep everything very readable and to encapsulate. 95 95 00:04:31,210 --> 00:04:33,130 What is encapsulate, I hear you say? 96 96 00:04:33,130 --> 00:04:35,820 Moving code into a function is "encapsulating" it. 97 97 00:04:35,820 --> 00:04:37,460 That's what we're doing with that process. 98 98 00:04:37,460 --> 00:04:39,850 And think of en-capsulate-ating. 99 99 00:04:39,850 --> 00:04:42,283 You're putting in a capsule essentially. 100 100 00:04:42,283 --> 00:04:44,096 Or we can see it as a black box. 101 101 00:04:44,096 --> 00:04:46,766 So we look back here, here is our black box. 102 102 00:04:46,766 --> 00:04:48,616 And there's a bunch of stuff that happens in there. 103 103 00:04:48,616 --> 00:04:51,816 If we're content that that's going well, we don't need to dig into the black box. 104 104 00:04:51,816 --> 00:04:56,660 All we need to know is that we're saying, start the game. 105 105 00:04:56,660 --> 00:04:58,433 And it enables us to "let go of the how". 106 106 00:04:58,433 --> 00:05:02,046 So the point I've made a couple of times is all we need to know is that we have to 107 107 00:05:02,046 --> 00:05:02,844 start the game. 108 108 00:05:02,844 --> 00:05:04,840 And that's when all the instructions happen. 109 109 00:05:04,840 --> 00:05:05,749 How is that happening? Well, 110 110 00:05:05,749 --> 00:05:10,861 we either taken care of that previously or we don't need to know about it right now. 111 111 00:05:10,861 --> 00:05:15,800 And it lets us not get swamped in all of the details at every step of our journey. 112 112 00:05:15,800 --> 00:05:19,141 And the general process of what we're doing here as well is called refactoring. 113 113 00:05:19,141 --> 00:05:23,762 The reason we refactor is to make our code readable, easy to read. 114 114 00:05:23,762 --> 00:05:25,363 Code is huge in programming. 115 115 00:05:25,363 --> 00:05:27,944 Super important, you'll see throughout this entire course. 116 116 00:05:27,944 --> 00:05:31,754 We spend a lot of time on naming and a lot of time on having our code readable. 117 117 00:05:31,754 --> 00:05:35,614 If you have readable code, it makes bug finding way easier, 118 118 00:05:35,614 --> 00:05:37,212 bug solving way easier. 119 119 00:05:37,212 --> 00:05:39,974 And it makes the whole process of creating your product, 120 120 00:05:39,974 --> 00:05:41,778 creating your game more enjoyable. 121 121 00:05:41,778 --> 00:05:45,630 Now that we've created one function with our encapsulating, let's create a second. 122 122 00:05:45,630 --> 00:05:47,037 And a really good clue for 123 123 00:05:47,037 --> 00:05:51,001 when we should look to create a function is when you see repeated code. 124 124 00:05:51,001 --> 00:05:54,226 So this line of code is exactly the same as that line of code, 125 125 00:05:54,226 --> 00:05:56,236 which means we could refactor that. 126 126 00:05:56,236 --> 00:05:58,075 We could factor that out. 127 127 00:05:58,075 --> 00:06:00,270 Let's scoot down the bottom of our script. 128 128 00:06:00,270 --> 00:06:03,506 The second last curly bracket, hit Enter. 129 129 00:06:03,506 --> 00:06:05,344 So we still have one curly bracket. 130 130 00:06:05,344 --> 00:06:08,648 You can see this one relates to the one at the very top of our class up there, 131 131 00:06:08,648 --> 00:06:09,675 that one and that one. 132 132 00:06:09,675 --> 00:06:12,611 So we're putting it in between the last and the second to last curly bracket. 133 133 00:06:12,611 --> 00:06:16,020 You're gonna start with void cuz, again, we have no return type. 134 134 00:06:16,020 --> 00:06:19,510 We will call this NextGuess. 135 135 00:06:19,510 --> 00:06:24,490 Open and closed parentheses and then open and closed curly brackets. 136 136 00:06:24,490 --> 00:06:27,630 And here's the next challenge I have for you is within our code in our if 137 137 00:06:27,630 --> 00:06:33,540 statements here to take the two lines of code to refactor them into NextGuess and 138 138 00:06:33,540 --> 00:06:37,670 then to substitute where those lines of code were for 139 139 00:06:37,670 --> 00:06:41,390 our function of NextGuess, just like we did at the top here. 140 140 00:06:41,390 --> 00:06:45,300 So pause the video and do that refactoring, that encapsulating now. 141 141 00:06:47,700 --> 00:06:50,140 Okay, hopefully that went well for you. 142 142 00:06:50,140 --> 00:06:52,640 We need to take these two lines of code. 143 143 00:06:52,640 --> 00:06:55,730 I'll just x them out, Ctrl+X, paste them down in here. 144 144 00:06:55,730 --> 00:06:58,430 Now we have our NextGuess as a function. 145 145 00:06:58,430 --> 00:07:00,650 I'll add NextGuess, and 146 146 00:07:00,650 --> 00:07:03,500 you can see the autocomplete knows it should be autocompleted. 147 147 00:07:03,500 --> 00:07:06,587 It's got a squiggly line because we need to have our open and 148 148 00:07:06,587 --> 00:07:10,830 closed brackets to say that there's nothing, there's no parameters. 149 149 00:07:10,830 --> 00:07:13,726 And then a ; at the end, we'll do exactly the same here. 150 150 00:07:13,726 --> 00:07:15,897 I don't need to copy and paste this cuz we already have it. 151 151 00:07:15,897 --> 00:07:18,061 I don't need to go and, again, put that down on the bottom. 152 152 00:07:18,061 --> 00:07:22,928 I can just type in, if i do it correctly, Tab, Tab, 153 153 00:07:22,928 --> 00:07:27,816 NextGuess, it autocompleted for me, () and ;. 154 154 00:07:27,816 --> 00:07:29,766 So now we have our NextGuess();. 155 155 00:07:29,766 --> 00:07:32,997 We have our encapsulation for StartGame();. 156 156 00:07:32,997 --> 00:07:36,830 Let's save, hop back over into Unity, make sure this works. 157 157 00:07:36,830 --> 00:07:39,130 Don't wanna pat ourselves on the back just yet. 158 158 00:07:39,130 --> 00:07:42,120 Let's pat ourselves on the back in a moment if this all works. 159 159 00:07:42,120 --> 00:07:42,709 Hit Play. 160 160 00:07:42,709 --> 00:07:44,296 You can see the instructions are coming in. 161 161 00:07:44,296 --> 00:07:46,452 If I hit up, it's taking me up. 162 162 00:07:46,452 --> 00:07:47,916 Hit down, it's taking me down. 163 163 00:07:47,916 --> 00:07:50,118 And it's giving us the instructions as we want it to. 164 164 00:07:50,118 --> 00:07:53,180 So this process we've made our code a lot cleaner. 165 165 00:07:53,180 --> 00:07:55,527 And we're developing a really good habit for 166 166 00:07:55,527 --> 00:07:59,664 how we can make beautiful code moving forward when our projects get gigantic and 167 167 00:07:59,664 --> 00:08:04,030 huge, which I know yours will as you make bigger and huger more awesome games. 168 168 00:08:04,030 --> 00:08:07,090 Last thing we wanna do in this lecture, I'll push through this nice and quickly, 169 169 00:08:07,090 --> 00:08:12,670 so bear with us here, is to see what's going on when we try to restart our game. 170 170 00:08:12,670 --> 00:08:16,980 So let's say up, up, up, and then Enter, you got it correct, and then that's it. 171 171 00:08:16,980 --> 00:08:19,574 Up and down, it's still trying to guess from the same place. 172 172 00:08:19,574 --> 00:08:23,853 What we need to do is a question for you in terms of our challenge, 173 173 00:08:23,853 --> 00:08:25,769 what do we need to do in here? 174 174 00:08:25,769 --> 00:08:29,596 What would we do to have our game start again, 175 175 00:08:29,596 --> 00:08:35,490 when you say I have won the game, when you say you've got it correct? 176 176 00:08:35,490 --> 00:08:38,680 What would we need to call to start the game again? 177 177 00:08:39,990 --> 00:08:42,916 Okay, if you guessed StartGame, then you would be correct. 178 178 00:08:42,916 --> 00:08:48,347 So I'm gonna trot all the way down the bottom here to my else if for 179 179 00:08:48,347 --> 00:08:55,703 did you get it correct where we have our key code return, and type in StartGame();. 180 180 00:08:55,703 --> 00:09:02,655 And then save, jump back over into Unity, click on Play. 181 181 00:09:02,655 --> 00:09:04,744 And then up, up, up, Enter. 182 182 00:09:04,744 --> 00:09:06,529 And then we get all our instructions over again. 183 183 00:09:06,529 --> 00:09:07,698 It's a lot to look at in here. 184 184 00:09:07,698 --> 00:09:09,758 The console's not really made for this kinda stuff. 185 185 00:09:09,758 --> 00:09:12,735 It's so that we can practice our C# without having to worry about all 186 186 00:09:12,735 --> 00:09:14,080 the Unity interface just yet. 187 187 00:09:14,080 --> 00:09:18,140 But we can see that that is successful that our instructions are being reprinted. 188 188 00:09:18,140 --> 00:09:21,930 But tell me if your number is higher and lower than 938 and 189 189 00:09:21,930 --> 00:09:25,860 the highest number you can pick is 1,001, that doesn't make sense. 190 190 00:09:25,860 --> 00:09:27,780 So success on getting instructions in there, 191 191 00:09:27,780 --> 00:09:31,320 but not success in terms of having our numbers correct. 192 192 00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:34,335 Let's jump back into our script and see what's going on here. 193 193 00:09:34,335 --> 00:09:38,740 If we look at the logic of what's happening here, when we start our Start 194 194 00:09:38,740 --> 00:09:43,238 function and say StartGame, we're going through all of our intro text. 195 195 00:09:43,238 --> 00:09:45,728 And we're saying print out the max. 196 196 00:09:45,728 --> 00:09:50,377 And the max, when we very first declare them and initialize them, is 1000. 197 197 00:09:50,377 --> 00:09:53,190 But throughout our game, we're changing what the max is. 198 198 00:09:53,190 --> 00:09:57,303 So in here, we're saying, the max = the guess, if we've pushed up a few times. 199 199 00:09:57,303 --> 00:10:01,512 And then when we say, StartGame again, it will say, okay, cool. 200 200 00:10:01,512 --> 00:10:04,920 I'll start the game, and it's remembering our max level. 201 201 00:10:04,920 --> 00:10:06,660 So then, within StartGame, 202 202 00:10:06,660 --> 00:10:10,509 we need to be putting our values back to where we want them in the original sense. 203 203 00:10:12,220 --> 00:10:17,346 So let's give ourselves a little bit of space at 204 204 00:10:17,346 --> 00:10:22,470 the top of StartGame and say, max = 1000, 205 205 00:10:22,470 --> 00:10:28,560 min = 1, and guess, you guessed it = 500. 206 206 00:10:28,560 --> 00:10:30,880 And just a quick note when we're defining our variables in here, 207 207 00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:32,330 we don't need to say int again. 208 208 00:10:32,330 --> 00:10:34,970 We've already declared, it already knows that this is an integer, 209 209 00:10:34,970 --> 00:10:39,600 we've already told it that up here at our member variables. 210 210 00:10:39,600 --> 00:10:44,125 So all we need to do down here in our local variables is just to say, well, max, 211 211 00:10:44,125 --> 00:10:47,639 which we already know, is of type int, should be 1000. 212 212 00:10:47,639 --> 00:10:50,712 We could remove this up here and say, well, 213 213 00:10:50,712 --> 00:10:54,629 we don't actually need to have any values at the start. 214 214 00:10:54,629 --> 00:10:59,125 Because we will be defining them straight away in StartGame or hit Save, 215 215 00:10:59,125 --> 00:11:02,010 jump back over into our build, click on Play. 216 216 00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:05,360 And just make sure you have collapse turned off or 217 217 00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:06,870 else everything gets bunched up together. 218 218 00:11:06,870 --> 00:11:07,824 It's hard to see what's going on. 219 219 00:11:07,824 --> 00:11:09,363 We'll hit up, up, up, Enter. 220 220 00:11:09,363 --> 00:11:10,574 And it starts everything again. 221 221 00:11:10,574 --> 00:11:16,598 1001, 500 great, down, down, down, Enter 1150, fantastic. 222 222 00:11:16,598 --> 00:11:20,107 So we've created a full game loop here where our game starts, 223 223 00:11:20,107 --> 00:11:23,500 gives us the correct numbers, we can replay it again. 224 224 00:11:23,500 --> 00:11:26,600 We've talked about having our variables within our 225 225 00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:28,670 newly created StartGame function. 226 226 00:11:28,670 --> 00:11:31,330 We're calling our StartGame function from Start. 227 227 00:11:31,330 --> 00:11:33,874 We've created a new function for NextGuess. 228 228 00:11:33,874 --> 00:11:38,420 That's allowed us to encapsulate this information, these statements down here. 229 229 00:11:38,420 --> 00:11:42,239 Makes our else statements, our if and our else statements cleaner. 230 230 00:11:42,239 --> 00:11:45,570 So now we're just saying NextGuess and StartGame. 231 231 00:11:45,570 --> 00:11:47,724 And our whole loop is complete, so well done. 232 232 00:11:47,724 --> 00:11:50,786 Huge congratulations on working through this section. 233 233 00:11:50,786 --> 00:11:53,086 Give yourself a huge high five and a pat of the back. 234 234 00:11:53,086 --> 00:11:55,568 Cuz you have created something that is very excellent. 235 235 00:11:55,568 --> 00:11:59,116 You've created working code and a working game mechanic. 236 236 00:11:59,116 --> 00:11:59,749 Great work! 237 237 00:11:59,749 --> 00:12:01,290 I'll see you in an upcoming video. 23852