All language subtitles for Legends.of.the.Pharaohs.Series.1.Part.1.Egypts.First.Pyramid.1080p.HDTV.x264.AAC.MVGroup.org

[narrator] in ancient egypt,
a revolution is brewing.

[dramatic music]

The most ambitious building
project on the planet

Sets off a chain of events that
will transform the country.

This would have been an
epoch changing event.

[narrator] buried in the sands
of egypt is a tale

Of a powerful pharaoh

Fwho would become a god
and revolutionize egypt.

The legend of the
world's first pyramid.

The story of the pyramids
is one of innovation.

It was a resurrection machine.

[narrator] mysterious rituals.

These are things that help
the deceased

Re-energize
and live for eternity.

[narrator] back-breaking work
and palace intrigue.

Unlock the deepest
secrets of the pharaohs.

[man] every mummy is different,

You never know exactly
what to expect.

[narrator] explore the lives
of ancient workers

And uncover the remarkable
story of egypt's old kingdom.

[woman] not only did ancient
egypt make the pyramids,

The pyramids made
ancient egypt.

[soft music]

[narrator] egypt's pyramid
building age.

500 years of history during
which builders constructed some

Of the world's most
iconic monuments

Including the great
pyramid of giza.

The only wonder of the
ancient world still standing.

To understand how
the pyramid age began

And how it transformed
the country,

We need to travel some
4,700 years back in time

To the city of memphis and
the palace of a powerful king.

His people call him netjerikhet
meaning divine of body.

But today, we know
this pharaoh as djoser.

Rules a country of more
than 1 million people.

As pharaoh, his first priority
is maintaining control

Of his kingdom and
strengthening his dynasty.

Djoser was born into a life
of privilege around 2,620 bc.

It was common for pharaoh
to have multiple wives

But djoser was probably
married to just one woman,

Hetephernebti, his half sister.

Normal people did not have
incestual relationships

With their brothers and
sisters in ancient egypt.

That wasn't a
common thing to do.

[narrator] by marrying his
sister, djoser ensures that only

His own blood will have
a claim to the throne.

It's really a desire to keep
power within the family.

[narrator] djoser's incestuous
marriage reinforces

The immense power
that he now enjoys.

The pharaoh in ancient
egypt is everything,

Commander in chief, high
priest, in charge of making

All the laws and decrees.

So, the most important
person obviously in the land.

[narrator] and like other kings
before him,

He claims to rule
alongside the gods

Working together to keep
order and unity in egypt.

From the very origins of
ancient egyptian kingship,

The king is a mediator
between humans and the gods.

And that seems to be something
fundamental to ancient egypt.

>> the king was responsible
for keeping the gods happy

And if the gods were happy,
then the people would be fed

And the kingdom would continue
to go on in a world of order.

[narrator] but a devastating
catastrophe is about to put

Djoser's authority
to the ultimate test.

Clues to the disaster
lie 400 miles south

Of the ancient
capital of memphis,

In a region called elephantine.

In the eyes of
ancient egyptians,

This is the source
of the river nile.

Egyptologist jean-pierre
patznick is a specialist

In deciphering
long-lost languages.

Today he's investigating a
stone plaque known as a stela.

There it is,
the famine stela.

[translator] this is an
absolutely unique document,

Because it tells a story
that would have happened

During the reign of djoser.

[narrator] the words engraved
on this rock

Tell a story of
death and disaster.

The nile is the
life blood of egypt

Flowing from the south
towards the north.

Every year, between
June and September,

Floodwaters carried fertile
silt and water towards farms

In the north where
most people lived.

But in the 18th year of djoser's
reign, the floods fail.

[translator] this stela tells us
an absolutely amazing story.

A famine that would
have lasted seven years.

Seven years of poverty.

Seven years during which the
nile failed to water the crops.

For a pharaoh,
there is nothing worse.

And naturally, djoser tries to
figure out what is happening.

Why don't the waters
of the nile arrive?

What's going on?

Why is there no flood?

[narrator]
this stela was carved over

2,000 years after the event,

So for years,
the story of the famine

Was dismissed as legend.

But the nile has many secrets...

And in washington dc,
researchers

At the us geological
institute have found evidence

That could support
the famine stela myth.

Christopher bernhardt
is a pollen specialist.

He has analyzed dirt
containing pollen grains

That settled on the
banks of the nile

During the pyramid
building age,

Four and 1/2
thousand years ago.

Pollen is really cool.
It's such a powerful tool.

So, it's not just this thing
that every spring season

Makes you sneeze, right?

It provides so much information
as it gets deposited.

[narrator] these are core
samples from the nile delta,

Cylinders of earth bored
out of the river's soil.

These cores are like time
machines, they allow scientists

To peer back thousands of
years,

Revealing the
secrets of the nile.

We take a core and go through
time looking at the pollen,

It can give you information
about regional climate,

It can tell about
sea level change,

You can reconstruct
past environments.

We don't have the resolution
in our records to get

To see how variations
happen from year to year

Or even decade to decade,
but there were actually

Some episodic droughts
during the time

Of the pyramid building.

Our record shows
that's definitely

Within the realm of
possibility.

[narrator] the famine stela

Describes how seven years
of drought

And poor floods bring
chaos to djoser's kingdom.

Desperate to survive,
brother turns on brother.

Law and order break down.

Egypt is on the
brink of civil war.

Djoser asks his
priests for guidance,

But they don't know what to do.

He's feeling the pressure.

Previous kings have
been overthrown

In the turmoil of famine.

>> if the gods were
unhappy with the king,

There would be retribution.

So there was a direct cause
and effect relationship

Between the king
doing his job properly

And the people being
able to survive.

>> so the king would certainly
be aware of what would result

From mismanaging
such a situation.

[narrator] djoser summons his
most trusted advisor,

A man called imhotep.

>> he's asking his vizier
imhotep to find out

Why the flood is not coming.

[speaking in foreign language]

[narrator] the kingdom and both
their lives may be at stake.

Imhotep travels to the
supposed source of the nile

At elephantine island
to investigate.

Here, legend has it

That imhotep bathes himself
in the water

Of the nile and then
falls asleep on the bank.

In his dream, imhotep is
visited by a god called khnum.

>> he found out that the god
who is controlling the nile,

God khnum, is unhappy
because he is not receiving

The sufficient offerings
that he should receive.

[narrator] imhotep wakes

Convinced he has found
the answer.

[darnell] and if we're nice to
khnum, khnum will be nice

And good inundations,
good floods will come back.

[narrator] imhotep reports his
vision to the king and djoser

Gives the order to repair and
reinstate a temple for khnum

That had long been abandoned.

[distant speaking
in foreign language]

[translator] this is djoser,

With the crown of
upper and lower egypt.

He is making an offering
to three deities,

Including an
important one, khnum,

The god of the
source of the nile.

[narrator] the famine stela says
that djoser's intervention

Saves the day.

Khnum allows the nile
floods to return.

One way or another,
the famine ends.

And during djoser's reign
there's an extraordinary change

In the way that ordinary
people view the king.

[darnell] really, with djoser
we see probably

A more powerful
form of the king.

The idea not just that the
king is an intercessor,

But that the king is a
type of god on earth,

Probably in a way that it
hadn't been expressed before.

[narrator] djoser may
be part god

But he still must prepare
for his own death.

In ancient egypt,
the pharaoh djoser

Wants to become
immortal so he turns

To the wise imhotep for help.

>> imhotep is one of the
most important characters

In ancient egypt, he was a
physician, he was an architect.

Most of what we
know about imhotep

During the reign of djoser,
whom he seems to have served

As vizier, is name and
titles on a statue base.

[hartwig] in order for him to
have his titles inscribed

On a statue base of
djoser, he must have been

A very, very high official.

[narrator] djoser decides to
entrust imhotep

With the care of
his immortal soul.

He commands imhotep to
build a tomb worthy of a god,

A landmark that will
survive for eternity.

[darnell] we call tombs houses
of the dead sometimes.

But I would say the
egyptians don't think of them

Quite so much that way.

They are machines to
help propel the deceased

From this world into the next

And to ensure a
meaningful afterlife.

[anthony]
this was one of their primary
prerogatives in their lives,

Was to make sure that
they would survive death

And so they could
live on for eternity.

[narrator] traditionally,
egyptians simply buried

Their dead in the sand.

The desert would naturally
preserve the bodies

Which came to be an essential
part of their religion.

>> they thought that by
mummifying the body,

Keeping the body,

It would be very important
for the afterlife.

This afterlife was
everything to the egyptians,

Not only to the kings, but
also to the individuals.

Those people were, somehow
looking for immortality.

[narrator] but sandstorms would
devastate grave sites and

Scatter the remains,

Jeopardizing survival in the
afterlife.

So long before djoser,

The egyptians had abandoned
the sand

And begun to protect
their pharaohs' bodies

Underneath tombs made of
mud bricks called mastabas.

>> mastabas, the arabic
word for bench.

They look like big bench tombs.

[anthony] so, there is a
below-surface structure,

Which is a shaft and a
small room that keeps

The sarcophagus and the body
and the mummy underground.

And then above it,
they had a place

For leaving offerings
for the deceased.

[narrator]
for the tomb of djoser,

Imhotep starts by
thinking big.

First, he imagines the
largest and most imposing

Brick mastaba ever built.

But then he has a
revolutionary idea.

Instead of mud brick,
he'll use stone.

[anthony]
he changes history somewhat.

If the egyptians
continued to build

All of their major
structures in mudbrick,

We would know far less about
them today because mudbrick,

When it rains, it disappears.

[hartwig] imhotep and djoser use
stone because what they wanted

Was to build for eternity.

[narrator] it may sound like
an obvious choice,

But in the time before the
wheel, executing it would be

One of the greatest
challenges in human history.

Imhotep's first task
is to select a location

For djoser's mastaba tomb.

He needs a solid building
platform and space.

[speaks in foreign language]

He settles on the saqqara
plateau, a rocky escarpment

On the west bank of the nile.

[hartwig] saqqara was a great
place to build simply

Because you had very solid
bedrock there and you also had

Local stone that you
could quarry

So you wouldn't have to
go far afield

In order to quarry stone

That would be needed
for structures.

[narrator] saqqara is in an
elevated position

Overlooking the capital city
of memphis

On the opposite shore
of the nile.

>> so that meant that anything
that was constructed

On this high plateau could
be seen by the people below.

Plus, the fact it was very
easy for the king to go

And visit his monument as
it was under construction

Because his palace
happened to be in memphis.

[narrator] imhotep plans to
build a structure so daunting

And impressive that future
generations would think

It could have only
been built by aliens.

He'll need a strong team and
plan to achieve his dream.

People to organize
the stone quarrying,

Direct the cutting
of building blocks,

Oversee their transport and
manage the huge workforce

That imhotep will assemble.

This trusted group of
men will form the elite

Of the emerging administration.

Taking on this construction
project will call

For the mobilization
of the entire country

And influence the
very future of egypt.

[darnell] this would have been
an epoch changing event.

This is not just the first time

That a major large
freestanding stone monument

Is constructed in egypt,
but the amount of labor

That would have to be
harnessed, the number

Of people that would
have to be housed and fed

In order to set it up, would
have been rather staggering.

[narrator] the plan will bring
revolutionary advances,

New engineering
techniques, literacy,

A national census and
unparalleled organization.

[hartwig] probably the most
important thing

Is the administrative
structure because the egyptians

Are known as bureaucrats and
they took it to new heights.

[narrator] the success of the
project will depend on

Good communication,
so writing will be key.

The scribes are
the literate class,

Trained to write
hieroglyphs, but also

In the hieratic script, a more
common form of hieroglyphs

Which are highly
abbreviated, speeding up

The recording of information.

The scribes are an
essential part of imhotep

And djoser's
gigantic new project.

They need to know what
resources

And which people are available
to execute their plan.

So they create a census,
drawn up by their scribes

To find out.

[translator] they started
listing people;

Where they're from,

Where they live,
what's their lineage.

Whole lists of people.

Because of this they go to
look for them in the villages

Throughout egypt,

People who are going to be
ordered to work.

If they had digital,
they would have created

Massive databases.

A whole country is being
mobilized

To supply this monument

With men, equipment,
and provisions.

An unstoppable and relentless
logistics network is in place.

[narrator] imhotep uses this
network to gather

A huge workforce from
all over egypt.

Now he needs them to carry
out a seemingly impossibly

Ambitious design.

[narrator] imhotep gathers
thousands of workers at saqqara

To build the pharaoh
djoser's tomb.

Just getting them here is
a monumental achievement.

But now, he has to build
a monument fit for a king

Who was also a god.

Imhotep's plan is to carve
a vertical shaft 92 feet

Into the bedrock.

His team will put the
king's sarcophagus coffin

At the base of this
shaft and then build

The massive stone
mastaba over the top.

[hartwig] he was following what
had been done previously

Where the kings were
buried underground.

[narrator] when the underground
burial chamber is complete,

Imhotep turns his attention
to the stone monument above.

Stone is not an entirely
unknown

Building material
for the egyptians.

For more than a century,

Craftsman had been
carving stone vases

For use in temples.

>> ancient egyptians were
already experienced in using

The stones, manufacturing of
the stone, they were making

Stone vessels, they were
making also small pieces

And even we have some
sculptures made of limestone

And different stones.

[narrator] but now, for the
first time in the world,

Imhotep would need to turn
stone masonry into an industry.

The first challenge:
Getting the huge stones

Out of the ground
and to the site.

Today, their quarry is filled
with sand but part of it

Once encircled djoser's tomb
like a giant overlapping moat,

Over a mile long on each side.

The snaking quarry cleverly
reduces the distance

They have to haul the stone.

In the cairo museum,
egyptologist salima ikram

Is investigating
ancient technology.

[ikram] this is one of my
favorite cases

In the egyptian museum

Because it has all the tools
that the egyptians used.

Some are very basic,
where you have even now

People use the plumb bob to
see if things are straight.

Over here we have
measuring tools,

Where you have pieces of
wood linked by rope and that,

Though it's marked in a
particular way so you can say

It's a cubit,
basically this long.

We have chisels, just
like you have them today.

[narrator]
ancient quarry workers

Used copper chisels
and saws

To cut their blocks into shapes
suitable for building with.

It's estimated that some
140,000 pounds of copper

Were needed for the
construction of djoser's tomb.

No wonder people say "ah, the
pyramids are made by aliens

Or people from outer space."

Because nowadays in the world
of technology that we live in

It's very hard to imagine
that such basic simple tools

Could achieve such great
and beautiful stuff.

[narrator]
so who were the workers

Who toiled to build
this giant

And unique tomb for
the pharaoh djoser?

[anthony] they really came from
everywhere around egypt.

So this project was
one that was national.

>> we know that during
the nile flood

When it was impossible
for farmers to work,

Some of those people

Would have provided an excellent
base of workmen.

[hartwig] it's estimated that
for the building

It was roughly 1% of
the egyptian population

Close to about 5,000
to 10,000 people

Working over a period of time.

[der manuelian]
people were conscripted
to build the pyramids.

So, yes, someone living
in a village 400 miles south

Probably didn't have
much of a choice

When the administrators
came by and said,

"for the next
season we need you."

[narrator] the egyptians
don't use money

So the pyramid builders
are paid with goods

Bread and beer in particular.

[megahed]
beer for ancient egyptians was
something very important,

Because it represents
for them a kind of food

Because beer was made of
bread, it was not the same beer

That we have today, it
was thicker, maybe whiter.

So, it was somehow a kind of
food for ancient egyptians.

[narrator] ancient egyptian
home brew has a hidden

And surprisingly
beneficial side effect.

>> one of the really
significant aspects of beer

In ancient egypt is that
the fermentation process

Also decreases the number
of microbes in the water.

[anthony]
the fermentation process made it
so that you weren't able

To get the diseases that
were in the nile naturally.

So, if you couldn't boil your
water, you had to ferment it

To be able to drink nile water.

[narrator] the workers may get
food and drink, but this new

Industrial scale quarrying
is dangerous work.

[screaming]

[megahed] accidents happened,
people were injured,

Arms were broken,

Legs were broken,
stones were falling down

So it was a kind of
a dangerous work.

[narrator] despite the injuries
that workers must have been

Sustaining, imhotep is able
to keep his project on track.

Until finally six years
after work had begun,

The cut stone mastaba
tomb is complete.

The monument is colossal.

It rises over 25 feet
in height.

It's base stretching
over 200 feet in length

But inspecting his completed
work, imhotep isn't satisfied.

[anthony] imhotep had really
high aspirations.

So, when djoser asked
him to create a space

For the eternal world
that's really something

Like nobody has seen before,
I think he takes this to heart.

[narrator]
imhotep approaches djoser

With an ambitious new idea

That will transform
the course of history.

[narrator] in ancient egypt,
the architect imhotep

Is pitching an innovative
new idea to his king, djoser.

The rectangular mastaba tomb
that he's built from stone

Isn't grand enough
for a god on earth.

He wants to stack several
mastabas one on top of the other

Forming a step pyramid.

>> one of the beauties of
the step pyramid is that

You can see how
imhotep was thinking

Through every single
one of the stages.

They build mastaba
on top of mastaba,

Each one slightly
smaller than the rest.

And so, we see that imhotep
has this brilliant idea

Of really creating
the first pyramid

In permanent material
in ancient egypt.

The question is why?

Why did they pick this form?

And the idea is that it
literally in hieroglyphs,

The step pyramid hieroglyph
has to do with ascend.

And so, it's literally
djoser's stairway to heaven.

[narrator] imhotep's plan may
seem simple but stacking

Each layer flat could cause
the monument to collapse

Under its own
weight so once more

He solves the problem
with innovation.

Imhotep develops an entirely
new construction technique.

He will place the stones
so they're inclined

Towards the center
of the monument.

The arrangement directs forces

To the heart of the pyramid,
preventing it from collapsing.

By carefully distributing the
forces, imhotep ensures that,

As the pyramid takes
shape, it doesn't collapse

Under its own weight.

When this second phase of
the project is complete,

The first pyramid in
history has taken shape.

It's formed from
four stepped levels.

But imhotep is
still not content.

Emboldened by the stability of
his innovative new building,

He gives orders to add
two more steps to the top.

Imhotep must have decided
that he has enough time left

To complete these new
changes before the king dies.

After some 19 years of toil,

Imhotep's masterpiece
is complete.

He succeeded in his
mission to create a grand

And brand new type
of tomb out of stone.

Something never seen before
in the history of mankind.

And it's still standing today,
almost 4,700 years later.

Imhotep's team built
a pyramid that stands

Over 200 feet high with
sides over 330 feet long

Said to contain 850,000
tons of limestone blocks.

This marvel of engineering
still inspires awe today

But incredibly the step
pyramid is only a small part

Of the work carried out by
imhotep and his team at saqqara.

[anthony] so not only do you
have six layers

Of this really large structure,

But you also have an entire
set of other buildings

In this mortuary space
surrounding the tomb.

[lehner] there's nothing
like djoser, I mean,

The djoser complex
covers 16 hectares,

The size of a small town
for that period.

[narrator] imhotep's team was
transforming the style of

Building in egypt with
innovative stone buildings

But also elaborate new
architectural features.

[lehner] so, it wasn't just an
explosion of stone building

On a gigantic scale, the
artistic motifs had such finesse

That they impressed
and put their stamp

On egyptian architecture
for the next three millennia.

[hartwig] his pyramid complex

Required a new kind of
professionalism.

Craftsman, architects,

Basically people who were
brought in

To create the monument and
professionalize the workforce.

[narrator] djoser has his
monumental tomb

But what happens inside
is just as important.

[der manuelian]
all of these buildings are meant
to ensure immortality.

And this is where the
funeral services

And the rituals are held
and the king's cult

Is perpetuated, ideally forever,
for generations.

[narrator] the king
wants to make sure

He is worshiped
long after death.

[hartwig]
you have to think of pyramids as
resurrection machines.

They were a place that would
preserve the king's body.

Also, it was a place to
celebrate the king's cult.

And make no mistake,
it was also a way to show

The power of the
pharaonic state.

[narrator] if djoser is to
successfully become immortal,

He'll need to ensure
that his body and soul

Are looked after for eternity.

Egyptians believed that
when a pharaoh dies,

His soul is divided into two
parts, the ba and the ka.

These two elements of the
human spirit that live on,

The ba and the ka, are separate
but they're both necessary

To live on into eternity.

[narrator] the ba rises to the
heavens to join the gods,

While the ka
remains in the tomb.

They painted their tombs
with images of offerings

Such as meat and wine that
they believed were essential

To feed the ka soul
and keep it alive.

So, the whole offering
formula at a tomb

Is just to provide for the
sustenance of the deceased.

[narrator]
but the ka is more than just a
prisoner in a temple.

On the north side of the
complex is the serdab,

A sealed chamber with a
small hole in the front.

[translator]
this is the statue of djoser,

The statue of the royal ka.

It's in the serdab,
an enclosed place devoted

To the statue and
to the worship of it

Because this statue is alive.

[narrator]
the hole isn't to see in,

It's so that djoser's ka soul

Can oversee the rituals
being held in his honor

Ensuring that his
legacy lives on.

[translator] what's interesting
with this statue,

Is that it looks towards
the northern sky.

That's where you have a
group of very special stars.

[narrator] these northern stars,
which the egyptians call

The imperishable ones are
the constellation of orion

And the star sirius,

The brightest star
in the night sky.

[darnell] so, by facing the
statue towards those stars,

They were associating djoser's
spirit with astral bodies

That never disappeared
from the horizon.

[narrator] after some two
decades on the throne

And overseeing the construction
of the world's first pyramid,

Djoser dies around 2,560 bc
and joins the eternal gods.

Priests mummify his body,

Preserving it so that it remains
recognizable to the ka soul.

Archaeological evidence
suggests that djoser's pyramid

Was nearly complete upon his
death and that was significant

So that the pyramid,
the tomb, was ready to receive

Djoser's mummy as well as
any of the burial goods

That would have accompanied
him to the afterlife.

[narrator] djoser's carefully
prepared body

Is transported to
his grand pyramid,

Which hides one last secret.

[narrator]
at djoser's step pyramid,

Egyptologist
jean-pierre patznick

Has been given special
access to investigate

Mysterious passages
hidden underneath.

[translator] oh, wow,
this is superb.

[narrator] concealed beneath
the world's first pyramid

Is a network of tunnels
and chambers stretching

Nearly four miles.

The tunnels were built to
hide the burial chambers

Of djoser's royal
family and warehouses

Packed with offerings.

Imhotep's workers carved
these mysterious tunnels

Through solid bedrock reaching
145 feet below ground level.

[translator] this is incredible.

[narrator] the pyramid builders
carved this central shaft

In the open air before
building the monument on top,

Allowing them to lower
these massive granite blocks

Into place to create
an immense sarcophagus

For the mummy of their pharaoh.

[translator] this is over four
and a 1/2 thousand years old.

It's like a big vault
that shuts

From above with a granite
cap that seals everything.

[narrator]
djoser's body no longer lies
inside this sarcophagus.

It was probably looted by
tomb raiders in ancient times.

One special passageway
once completely covered

In expensive blue tiles
contains a secret.

[translator] wow.

[narrator] a chance
to come face to face

With the great pharaoh himself.

[translator] so here,
we have king djoser.

I am absolutely amazed
to see him like this

Because it is such high-quality,
such great finesse.

It's an incredible artwork.

The detail of the lines!

Look at his face!

The nostril is so well
represented

That you can still
feel the breath of life.

We see a muscular,
slender, athletic body.

We see a living king and that's
what they wanted to depict.

[instrumental music]

[narrator] djoser has been
celebrated in saqqara

For thousands of years.

His aim was to be remembered
forever and thanks

To the first pyramid
in history, it worked.

>> it's a commemorative monument
because in ancient egypt,

A man lives when
his name is called.

And so, this was also
a guarantee by djoser

That people would remember him.

[narrator] but it isn't just
king djoser who will achieve

An immortality of sorts.

Imhotep, his genius architect,
will become

Worshiped as a god too.

>> imhotep actually enjoys
a legacy even greater

Than the king
for whom he worked.

[anthony] the legend of this
man's brilliance continues on

Into the greek period.

So eventually, imhotep merges
with the greek god of medicine

Because his brilliance
was just so well known

For thousands of years.

[narrator] with innovative
engineering, a massive workforce

And an organized
structure to deploy them,

Imhotep and djoser's pyramid
plan transforms the country.

[megahed] I think they know,
by building the step pyramid,

They are building egypt,

They are building
the future of egypt.

[anthony] there are so many new
options for what future kings

Are going to be able to do.

They've really started
the pyramid age.

[narrator]
this organizational structure
will be key to egypt's future.

>> in terms of the organization
of the workforce,

This is when it all started.

[darnell]
an increasing number of people
are employed by the state

And are then
available and trained

For state-sponsored projects.

[anthony] for the commoner
during the reign of djoser,

If they were to look upon this
new exciting step pyramid,

Would they be able to understand

How much life is changing,
how much society is changing?

They have no idea
what's to come.

[narrator] soon, new and even
more mighty pharaohs

Will stretch the
limits of their power

And their imagination.

How far will they go?

Where will their
extraordinary expansion stop?