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today when you look at jerusalem from a
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bird's eye view
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you can see a mosaic of architecture for
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over
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4 000 years this city has experienced
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many changes that significantly
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impact jerusalem's appearance today
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what has not changed however and where
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it is worth starting
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is the topography of jerusalem therefore
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in our first episode devoted to
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jerusalem's geography
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we will discuss this city unique
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location
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and consider why this place is
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theologically significant
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at the end of the episode i will also
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discuss
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an exciting fact about jerusalem's
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geography
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and how a misunderstanding of geography
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can lead to a tradition
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that has little to do with reality at
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the same time
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do not forget to subscribe to this
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channel to receive notifications about
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the next
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episodes on youtube
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so let us begin our journey
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[Music]
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jerusalem is located in a part of the
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world we call now
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the middle east
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the road to the heights on which the
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ancient city was built
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leads through the judean mountains
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situated between the mediterranean sea
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and the so-called dead sea
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many hills surround the plateau on which
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jerusalem was created
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therefore the psalmist referring to
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jerusalem
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wrote as the mountains surround
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jerusalem
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so the lord surrounds his people for
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this time forth
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and forever a trip to jerusalem
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is connected with a journey directed
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vertically upwards
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the difference in elevation is mostly
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felt when traveling from the dead sea
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the lowest point on earth 400 meters
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below sea level
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or jericho 258 meters below sea level
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to jerusalem which is located on an
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altitude
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of about 770 meters above sea level
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regardless of the direction from which
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we come to jerusalem
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it is always associated with a climber
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so we should not be surprised that many
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of the pilgrim
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sounds the so-called aliyap sounds that
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is the songs of the steps
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or translating literally the one who
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goes to the mountain
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refer to this experience
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i lift up my eyes to the mountains
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from where shall my help come
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even today when we travel to jerusalem
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from tel aviv
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some feel a specific change in pressure
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felt in their ears a high-speed train
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from tel aviv to jerusalem
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has been opened which allows reaching
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jerusalem
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in 35 minutes through a series of
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tunnels
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cut in the mountains of course you can
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also read jerusalem by car
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as israel continues to expand and widen
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the roads leading to jerusalem
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if you really want to feel like a
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pilgrim you can also read jerusalem by
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food
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one of the most interesting routes is
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the route from
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jericho to jerusalem and so in the
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footsteps of
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biblical heroes you can travel among the
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spectacular gorges
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but let us go back to the times before
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jerusalem
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and take a look at the hills location
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on which jerusalem was built there are
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three mountains and three valleys
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that have a significant impact on the
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development of jerusalem
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the mountains are mount moriah
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the western mountain sometimes called
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mount zion
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to which we will return later and
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mount of olives
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out of these three mountains mount moria
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was chosen as the best location for
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building the city
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although the western mountain is much
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larger
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and less steep mount moria was chosen
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because
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it had one unique and necessary element
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for the city to survive in this dry
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climate
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water water is priceless in the desert
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the geckon life-giving stream which ran
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from mount moria
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was something very special with a
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continually flowing source of water
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and protection in the form of hills
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mount moria was established
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as the best place for the first human
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settlements
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over time the city expanded to the west
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on the western mountain while the mount
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of olives
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was the eastern border of the city on
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which no settlements were built
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and its burial functions were quickly
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determined
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besides the mountains that we have
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discussed
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valleys also surround the city which are
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dry
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basins of rivers that may periodically
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turn into waterways during heavy
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rainfall
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and so to the east we have the kidron
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valley
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in the middle is the terrapin valley
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sometimes called the central valley
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and in the west the hinnon valley
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if we look at the biblical text the very
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location of jerusalem
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has not only a geographical significance
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but also a theological one
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multiple times we read in the bible
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about the uniqueness of jerusalem in
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god's sight
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even before the people of israel reach
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the promised land
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we read that god himself designated
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jerusalem
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as his chosen place forever
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when the hebrews were still in the
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desert after leaving
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egypt god says to his people
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but you shall seek the lord at the place
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which the lord
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your god will choose from all your
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tribes
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to establish his name there for his
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dwelling
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and there you shall come
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we can ask the question what is this
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place in the book of
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exodus we read
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you shall make an altar of earth for me
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and you shall sacrifice on it your
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burned offerings
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and your peace offerings your sheep and
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your oxen
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in every place where i cause my name to
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be remembered
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i will come to you and bless you
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again we may ask where was such a place
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created
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as always the answer is in the text
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in psalm 132 we read
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for the lord has chosen zion he has
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desired it for his home
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this is my resting place forever and
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ever where i will dwell for i have
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desired
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this home okay but somebody may ask
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where is zion it is where david
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established the capital of the kingdom
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of israel
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in the book of chronicles we read but i
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have chosen jerusalem
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that my name might be there and i have
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chosen david to be over my people
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israel and so
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even before david conquered the jebusite
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city and called the jerusalem it was
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already chosen by god
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as a special place of his dwelling
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moreover we read that god will live
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in this place live in this place forever
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and importantly make his name present
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there
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how will god's name be present in
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jerusalem
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there are many interpretations of these
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words
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but the most exciting and intriguing one
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is that god somehow physically wrote his
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name
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in jerusalem's geography structure
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how well we talked about the three
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valleys
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that can be seen from a bird's eye view
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when we look at all these three valleys
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we can see a certain shape people who
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know hebrew
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may have associations with the hebrew
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letters shin
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when they look at the shape
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while in israel such a letter can be
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seen on the door
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post of most jewish homes
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the letter shin is on the so-called
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mezuzah
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which is a shelter for a perchment role
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with two torah fragments deteronomy 6
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and deuteronomy 11.
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these passages refer to the most
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important commandment
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to love god with all your heart and
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strength
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additionally the israelites were to put
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these words on the gates and doorposts
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of their houses as it is written in the
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commandment
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and you shall write them on your house
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gates
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and door posts why are the mezuzahs
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ornamented with the letters shin
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because shin refers to the name of god
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el shaddai god almighty
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and on some mezuzahs there is an opening
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through which the word shaddai can be
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seen
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on the parchment
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therefore god's promise in some way
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is already fulfilled because you can see
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the name shaddai on most jewish homes
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in jerusalem some however go even
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further
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and claim that such symbolism can
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also be observed in the topography of
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jerusalem
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if in fact god's name is somehow
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inscripted in the topography of
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jerusalem
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that would be an unusual remembering of
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the words
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but i choose jerusalem that my
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name should be in it
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in this context jerusalem itself
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would become a symbolic door through
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which one enters
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god's presence to learn more about this
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check out my video on jerusalem as a
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gate to eden
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i think you will like it finally
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as promised a bonus related to the
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topography of jerusalem
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at the beginning of the video i said
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that we will come back to the western
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mountain topic
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or as it is sometimes called mount zion
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for centuries it was believed that the
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western mountain
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is this biblical zion this theological
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center
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and the mountain chosen by god this is
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because of jerusalem very
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troubling history after the period of
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jewish uprising
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in the first century and the 2nd century
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a.d the romans decided to wipe out
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jewish history from jerusalem completely
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the city was demolished and rebuilt
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the jews exiled and the name changed to
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alia capitolina
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with the jupiter temple at the place
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where
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previously the jewish temple stood now
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fast forward in history
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at a certain point it is the crusaders
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who conquered jerusalem
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and decide that the western mountain
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is this biblical zion the crusaders
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even managed to sell this theory
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to other people because it was there
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that some
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jews began to make pilgrimages and see
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this place as the burial place of
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king david and because of that mistake
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by the crusaders
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for many centuries zion was associated
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with the western mountain
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when archaeologists discovered the real
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city of david
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which is below the temple hill this
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completely
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refuted the theory that the western
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mountain
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is zion today hardly anyone believes
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that the western mountain
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is the biblical mount zion but some
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people
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still call the western mountain zion
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because of long traditions
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for example the traditional burial place
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of
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david is still there although it doesn't
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make much sense
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if david city was on
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mount morya and so next time somebody
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will say to you let's go to the mountain
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of zion
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ask him which mountain of zion the real
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one of
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or the fake one thank you for your
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attention
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i hope you enjoyed this episode as
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always i encourage you to comment
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you can also subscribe to this channel
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to stay
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informed about the next monthly episodes
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on jerusalem history
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have a great day and see you soon
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[Music]
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foreign
22435
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