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[drums beat]
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- Spring 1937.
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Albert Windsor,
known as Bertie,
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is woken by the sound
of a military band,
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practicing for his coronation.
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He is about to be crowned
King George VI,
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a role he never wanted.
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[dramatic music]
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His elder brother chose
to give up the throne
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to marry
a twice-divorced American.
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- I have found it impossible
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to discharge
my duties as king,
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without the help
of the woman I love.
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00:00:48,240 --> 00:00:52,110
- Can King George,
the shy man with a stutter,
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mend a broken monarchy?
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His brother, Edward, has not
gone quietly into exile.
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[soldiers chanting]
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And a looming war
threatens global chaos.
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- The glory of
a British coronation.
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Nowhere in the world is there
anything half so wonderful.
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It'll be one of the dates
in English history
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that the school children
will learn about.
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- Immediately before
the coronation,
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it must've been momentous
for George.
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This was a huge ceremony
that had been prepared
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for his older brother,
but it was he
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who was taking it all on.
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- George's coronation occurred
on the same day
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that it would've occurred
for his brother, Edward.
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Nothing was changed,
except the person doing it.
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Here's somebody with a
complete sense of inadequacy.
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He'd always been the moon
to his brother's sun.
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- Before he was king,
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George was living a relatively
normal, free,
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under the radar life.
Happily married.
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And, as a younger member
of the royal family,
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he does a few public duties,
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and is contented
with that life.
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- He was always known
as Bertie in the family,
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but when he becomes king,
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his whole life is
completely changed.
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He is intensely aware
that he has been, sort of,
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tasked with this
incredibly difficult job.
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So one of the first things
he does
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is change his name to George,
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stressing the continuity
between his reign
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and that of his father,
George V.
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- The new King George VI
is extremely worried
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on taking over the throne,
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because the abdication
looms large.
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His brother, Edward,
was the most popular man
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in the English-speaking world,
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and now George has got to
stand up to the plate.
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- George is a believer
in the principle of monarchy.
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He feels that the British
monarchy is really important
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to Britain's
national identity,
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and it holds
the nation together.
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- Edward's abdication
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suggests that kingship
isn't quite as stable
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as it
has always appeared,
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that it can be given up
easily.
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- So George's challenge
is basically
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to restore the monarchy
to something like the stability
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that it had before his brother
sat on the throne.
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- So it's absolutely crucial
for George
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that the coronation
is a success,
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and that he is launched
successfully as a monarch.
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- But insecurities plague
the new king.
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- One of George's biggest
worries is he suffers
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from a stutter.
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For him, talking in public
is torture.
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- In the modern news reel age,
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the British public expects
both to see
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and hear their monarch.
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- Now, the British monarchy
is under a lot of scrutiny.
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So, the monarch
has to be comfortable
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in the role of communicator.
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- I think he felt the pressure
of what was expected of him.
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His brother was fluent
at making speeches,
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which made him
feel inadequate.
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- Ladies and Gentlemen,
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I'm sure...
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that we are all...
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happy to feel...
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- The stutter sometimes
prevents him
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from talking at all.
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00:05:06,089 --> 00:05:10,069
- That the generosity
of his majesty...
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has set an example to all.
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- A decade earlier, in 1925,
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George's wife, Elizabeth,
had sought the help
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of various specialists to try
and cure his stutter.
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They tried all sorts of methods
but none worked.
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Essentially, he was told
he had a mental defect.
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- Elizabeth is his greatest
supporter and champion,
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and she seeks out help,
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and identifies Lionel Logue
as a therapist,
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who can help him overcome
that difficult stammer.
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- My grandfather realizes
that confidence is key.
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- They went
through speeches together,
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replacing certain words
until he felt confident.
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And in the run-up
to the coronation,
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my grandfather, Lionel Logue,
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makes frequent trips
to Buckingham Palace
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to help the king prepare
for reciting the oath.
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- King George
and Queen Elizabeth
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are beginning their triumphal
progress, in the state coach.
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- This is the most stressful,
terrifying event of his life.
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There's no going back now.
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[horn fanfare]
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- And the historic
coronation ceremony is begun.
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- The abbey
is absolutely full,
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including his two daughters,
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Princess Elizabeth, who is 11,
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and Princess Margaret,
who is six.
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George and his family
were very close.
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It was one of the great assets
that George had
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that Edward
did not have.
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- The former king,
George's brother, Edward,
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is in exile in France...
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- The King moves
from his chair, towards...
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- Listening to the ceremony
over the radio.
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- Edward, who is now called
the Duke of Windsor,
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is sitting with Wallis.
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He's actually
knitting her a sweater.
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Edward absolutely hates
pomp and pageantry.
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If Edward had gone
through that same ceremony,
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00:07:17,089 --> 00:07:20,009
inside his head,
he would be thinking,
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"This is a bunch of balls."
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[horn fanfare]
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In comparison, George realizes
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the significance
of the coronation.
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- The coronation ceremony
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is a code
of time-honored ritual,
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handed down
through the ages.
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- For George, the coronation
is a massive issue.
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He wasn't an actual performer,
unlike his brother.
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And the prospect of the whole
world listening to his words--
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you know--he's really anxious
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that he will stammer
over the oath,
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and that this will make
the monarchy look ridiculous.
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- The coronation oath.
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- I, George VI,
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do solemnly and sincerely
in the presence of God,
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declare...
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that I will uphold
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and maintain
the said powers,
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according to law.
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- In practice, the King
manages the coronation day,
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and the oath and all the
ceremonial perfectly well.
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00:08:27,199 --> 00:08:30,109
He did, in fact,
rise to the occasion.
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[crowd chanting]
God save the King.
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God save the King.
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[cheering]
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[triumphant music]
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- The coronation
is a public triumph,
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but George has got
big fights ahead,
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and that is to show the world
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he is the rightful king,
not his brother.
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00:09:01,289 --> 00:09:03,209
- The newly appointed
Duke of Windsor
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and Mrs. Wallis Simpson
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00:09:05,059 --> 00:09:07,039
were married
in a simple ceremony,
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in a lavish, French château.
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[somber music]
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- A month after the coronation
of King George,
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Edward and Wallis
are finally married,
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and this is a rather
sad occasion in many ways.
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- My grandfather,
Fruity Metcalfe,
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was asked to be the best man
at the wedding,
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00:09:28,169 --> 00:09:32,129
because none of the Duke's
brothers were willing to do it.
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- Edward's marriage does not
have the King's blessing.
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No one from the royal family
attends.
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- Edward never realized
just what a distance
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the abdication would put him
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from the King, from all his
old friends, from his country.
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- Newsreel films are made,
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but they're not shown
in Britain.
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The newsreel filmmakers
did not release them,
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00:10:00,279 --> 00:10:03,269
as it would direct
too much attention on Edward.
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But Queen Elizabeth wants
to draw the public attention
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00:10:07,100 --> 00:10:10,160
back towards her and the King.
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00:10:13,019 --> 00:10:15,279
- Queen Elizabeth was rather
scared that the monarchy
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was not necessarily secure.
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00:10:17,289 --> 00:10:19,119
That perhaps there might be
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00:10:19,139 --> 00:10:21,269
an element
of the British public
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that saw Wallis and Edward
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as the charming couple,
and that they could be rivals
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in the British public's
affections.
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00:10:34,129 --> 00:10:38,099
- So the new Queen Elizabeth
is determined to put herself
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and her family center stage.
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[crowd cheering]
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- Queen Elizabeth is the
brains of the outfit, really.
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She's shrewd,
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and she understands
the creation of an image.
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[camera shutters clicking]
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- She takes part in this
incredible photo shoot
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in 1939,
with Cecil Beaton on camera.
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00:11:00,279 --> 00:11:03,109
- Cecil Beaton at the time
was not your traditional
198
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royal photographer.
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00:11:04,259 --> 00:11:08,289
He was a very successful
fashion photographer.
200
00:11:09,009 --> 00:11:12,249
- Queen Elizabeth was wearing
these amazing white dresses,
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00:11:12,269 --> 00:11:15,219
and these huge, sort of,
crinoline skirts.
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Her look is completely
the opposite
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of Wallis's look, you know.
204
00:11:20,120 --> 00:11:23,240
Wallis is sharp,
angular, tailored.
205
00:11:23,259 --> 00:11:26,109
- Elizabeth dislikes Wallis.
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00:11:26,129 --> 00:11:29,149
She blames Wallis
for undermining
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00:11:29,169 --> 00:11:32,049
and almost fatally
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00:11:32,070 --> 00:11:34,140
destroying
the British monarchy.
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00:11:34,159 --> 00:11:35,229
[camera shutter clicks]
210
00:11:35,250 --> 00:11:38,050
- And so Queen Elizabeth's
look is modeled
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on a 19th-century portrait
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00:11:40,019 --> 00:11:43,059
of Queen Victoria,
who, at that time,
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00:11:43,080 --> 00:11:45,170
was Britain's
longest serving monarch.
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00:11:45,190 --> 00:11:49,290
So, she is aligning herself
with world tradition and duty.
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00:11:50,009 --> 00:11:53,009
And every photograph
is a success.
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00:11:55,169 --> 00:11:58,059
- The monarchy was still
reeling from a crisis
217
00:11:58,080 --> 00:12:00,260
and the image that
Cecil Beaton projected
218
00:12:00,279 --> 00:12:02,289
was of a sort of
glamorous queen
219
00:12:03,009 --> 00:12:06,229
who brought some of that
glamour into the royal family.
220
00:12:06,250 --> 00:12:08,100
- She was a strong character.
221
00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:10,150
You know,
she appeared to be jokey
222
00:12:10,169 --> 00:12:12,019
and a light-hearted person,
223
00:12:12,039 --> 00:12:15,059
but she had a sort of rod
of steel in there, actually.
224
00:12:19,210 --> 00:12:21,160
- Queen Elizabeth projects
this public image
225
00:12:21,179 --> 00:12:25,009
which is warm,
comforting, lovely,
226
00:12:25,029 --> 00:12:27,059
George VI was shy.
227
00:12:27,080 --> 00:12:28,210
He didn't like
public attention.
228
00:12:28,230 --> 00:12:30,060
Not like her.
229
00:12:30,080 --> 00:12:33,080
And at the same time,
she is intent on projecting
230
00:12:33,100 --> 00:12:36,220
a public image
of the ideal family group.
231
00:12:36,240 --> 00:12:39,210
As opposed to Edward
and Wallis Simpson,
232
00:12:39,230 --> 00:12:41,110
who are childless.
233
00:12:45,129 --> 00:12:47,199
- In private, Queen Elizabeth
234
00:12:47,220 --> 00:12:50,070
is preparing
her eldest daughter,
235
00:12:50,090 --> 00:12:51,250
also named Elizabeth,
236
00:12:51,269 --> 00:12:54,019
for her future role.
237
00:12:55,029 --> 00:12:59,019
Overnight, the abdication made
the ten-year-old princess
238
00:12:59,039 --> 00:13:01,259
heir to the British throne.
239
00:13:01,279 --> 00:13:05,259
- Her mother sees the royal job
as a practical job.
240
00:13:05,279 --> 00:13:08,159
She teaches Elizabeth how
to converse with dignitaries,
241
00:13:08,179 --> 00:13:10,259
and conduct royal duties.
242
00:13:12,100 --> 00:13:15,190
- Princess Elizabeth
was quite a shy child,
243
00:13:15,210 --> 00:13:17,270
like her father,
244
00:13:17,289 --> 00:13:22,289
and she followed her mother's
example very much.
245
00:13:23,009 --> 00:13:26,029
[triumphant music]
246
00:13:27,149 --> 00:13:29,289
- England launches
an historic campaign,
247
00:13:30,009 --> 00:13:32,249
to increase and solidify
friendship in North America.
248
00:13:32,269 --> 00:13:34,219
[violin music]
249
00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:38,240
- In 1939, the Second
World War's on the horizon,
250
00:13:38,259 --> 00:13:41,139
and George VI
and his wife, Elizabeth,
251
00:13:41,159 --> 00:13:43,109
embarked for America
252
00:13:43,129 --> 00:13:45,069
to meet President Roosevelt
253
00:13:45,090 --> 00:13:46,230
because Britain
was going to need
254
00:13:46,250 --> 00:13:50,000
all the allies
it could get.
255
00:13:50,019 --> 00:13:52,279
- The American alliance
had been crucial
256
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:55,070
to Britain's success
in the First World War,
257
00:13:55,090 --> 00:13:57,210
so the sort
of diplomatic purpose
258
00:13:57,230 --> 00:14:00,040
of the visit
is to make a bond
259
00:14:00,059 --> 00:14:03,249
with President Roosevelt
and his wife.
260
00:14:03,269 --> 00:14:07,159
- The King's brother
had visited the United States
261
00:14:07,179 --> 00:14:11,059
some ten years earlier
and had become beloved
262
00:14:11,080 --> 00:14:12,290
by the people
of the United States.
263
00:14:13,009 --> 00:14:16,149
George did not have
that confidence.
264
00:14:17,139 --> 00:14:19,199
- So a lot is riding
on this visit.
265
00:14:19,220 --> 00:14:22,130
This really is George's moment
to prove
266
00:14:22,149 --> 00:14:25,999
not just to America
and to Britain,
267
00:14:26,019 --> 00:14:27,259
but also to himself,
268
00:14:27,279 --> 00:14:33,059
that he can be every bit
as wonderful as Edward.
269
00:14:33,080 --> 00:14:35,020
- The President
and Mrs. Roosevelt
270
00:14:35,039 --> 00:14:39,199
found the King and Queen
warm and, if anything,
271
00:14:39,220 --> 00:14:43,030
regular people
almost immediately.
272
00:14:44,120 --> 00:14:47,250
- Elizabeth is central
to the success of this tour.
273
00:14:47,269 --> 00:14:49,999
She makes people
feel comfortable,
274
00:14:50,019 --> 00:14:52,259
and everyone falls in love
with her.
275
00:14:52,279 --> 00:14:55,079
- These have been
tremendously strenuous days
276
00:14:55,100 --> 00:14:56,230
for the King and Queen.
277
00:14:56,250 --> 00:14:58,150
But there's a short rest
from their public engagements
278
00:14:58,169 --> 00:15:00,129
when they get to stay
at Hyde Park,
279
00:15:00,149 --> 00:15:03,089
the country home of
President Roosevelt's mother.
280
00:15:03,110 --> 00:15:06,120
- On the King and Queen's
last day,
281
00:15:06,139 --> 00:15:09,189
they have a picnic luncheon
with the Roosevelts
282
00:15:09,210 --> 00:15:12,170
that features hot dogs,
283
00:15:12,190 --> 00:15:17,090
this symbolic food
of the common man.
284
00:15:17,110 --> 00:15:19,250
- The President's mother said,
285
00:15:19,269 --> 00:15:21,119
"You cannot offer
286
00:15:21,139 --> 00:15:23,999
the King and Queen of England
a hot dog."
287
00:15:24,019 --> 00:15:26,019
The President said,
"Yes, that's exactly
288
00:15:26,039 --> 00:15:27,209
what we're gonna do."
289
00:15:27,230 --> 00:15:29,240
The King asked
for a second one,
290
00:15:29,259 --> 00:15:32,209
so they clearly enjoyed them.
291
00:15:32,230 --> 00:15:35,160
[indistinct chatter]
292
00:15:35,179 --> 00:15:37,059
- The royal visit to America
293
00:15:37,080 --> 00:15:39,250
is a resounding success
for the King.
294
00:15:39,269 --> 00:15:42,099
[serious music]
295
00:15:42,120 --> 00:15:45,290
But there's danger,
and the danger lies
296
00:15:46,009 --> 00:15:48,199
within George's own family.
297
00:15:57,240 --> 00:16:01,160
- It's 1937,
and Edward and Wallis
298
00:16:01,179 --> 00:16:03,059
are now in France.
299
00:16:03,080 --> 00:16:05,220
Edward is a king
who's lost his throne
300
00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:07,240
and his purpose in life.
301
00:16:07,259 --> 00:16:09,219
He's bored.
302
00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:12,230
- He's constantly ringing up
King George
303
00:16:12,250 --> 00:16:15,060
with advice.
[phone rings]
304
00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:19,260
And treating him still
as the younger brother.
305
00:16:19,279 --> 00:16:23,099
He hasn't yet adjusted to the
fact that he is not the King.
306
00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:28,090
- Edward is used to
having a sense of entitlement.
307
00:16:28,110 --> 00:16:31,150
Now George holds
all the power.
308
00:16:31,169 --> 00:16:33,259
- George VI complains
and says, "Most people
309
00:16:33,279 --> 00:16:35,289
"become king when
their predecessor has died,
310
00:16:36,009 --> 00:16:38,049
"and my predecessor
is alive and well
311
00:16:38,070 --> 00:16:40,020
in France
and causing trouble."
312
00:16:40,039 --> 00:16:41,139
[phone rings]
313
00:16:41,159 --> 00:16:43,249
- George expects, at any time,
314
00:16:43,269 --> 00:16:47,079
to be stabbed in the back
by his brother.
315
00:16:47,100 --> 00:16:48,280
[dramatic string music]
316
00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:51,240
- And after a bit, George
stops answering the phone
317
00:16:51,259 --> 00:16:53,139
because these
telephone conversations
318
00:16:53,159 --> 00:16:55,239
get too difficult.
319
00:16:55,259 --> 00:16:58,279
- Tension between
the brothers deepens
320
00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:01,020
when King George
denies Edward
321
00:17:01,039 --> 00:17:05,009
the one thing he desires most
for his wife.
322
00:17:05,029 --> 00:17:08,149
- When Edward and Wallis
married, George VI wrote
323
00:17:08,170 --> 00:17:12,010
to Edward informing him
that he will not be giving
324
00:17:12,029 --> 00:17:16,079
Wallis the title,
Her Royal Highness, HRH.
325
00:17:17,130 --> 00:17:19,090
- Her Royal Highness--
326
00:17:19,109 --> 00:17:21,169
you're treated
at a certain level.
327
00:17:21,190 --> 00:17:24,160
People courtesy to you
at court.
328
00:17:24,180 --> 00:17:28,180
What George and Elizabeth
are clearly indicating
329
00:17:28,200 --> 00:17:32,040
is that Wallis is not part
of the royal family.
330
00:17:33,079 --> 00:17:35,179
- Edward's whole life
is completely changed.
331
00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:37,220
He can no longer dazzle Wallis
332
00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:40,120
with his royal palaces
and his status.
333
00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:45,010
- But there is one man
who will exploit
334
00:17:45,029 --> 00:17:48,289
Edward's desire
for deference and status.
335
00:17:49,009 --> 00:17:52,049
[cheering]
336
00:17:53,099 --> 00:17:55,159
- Hitler is saying,
"Come to Berlin.
337
00:17:55,180 --> 00:17:57,050
"We'll treat you like royalty.
338
00:17:57,069 --> 00:17:59,039
We'll treat Wallis
like royalty."
339
00:17:59,059 --> 00:18:02,259
And it's too good
an opportunity to pass up.
340
00:18:02,279 --> 00:18:04,999
- Berlin.
A huge crowd greeted
341
00:18:05,019 --> 00:18:06,189
the Duke and Duchess
of Windsor.
342
00:18:06,210 --> 00:18:08,030
The purpose of the visit
was to study
343
00:18:08,049 --> 00:18:09,279
social institutions
and welfare.
344
00:18:11,140 --> 00:18:13,180
- The Nazi Party
345
00:18:13,200 --> 00:18:15,190
lay out the red carpet
346
00:18:15,210 --> 00:18:19,150
for Edward and Wallis.
347
00:18:19,170 --> 00:18:21,140
They curtsied to her,
348
00:18:21,160 --> 00:18:24,270
and they treated her royally.
349
00:18:24,289 --> 00:18:26,029
[cheering]
350
00:18:26,049 --> 00:18:27,249
- By 1937,
351
00:18:27,269 --> 00:18:30,059
Hitler has
an appalling reputation
352
00:18:30,079 --> 00:18:32,179
for political persecution,
353
00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:34,260
the violence
of the Nazi party,
354
00:18:34,279 --> 00:18:38,079
and anti-Semitism is rife
in that country.
355
00:18:39,180 --> 00:18:42,260
The fact that Edward is,
if you like, cavorting
356
00:18:42,279 --> 00:18:44,059
with the Nazis.
357
00:18:44,079 --> 00:18:47,259
That suggests that he endorses
Hitler's regime.
358
00:18:47,279 --> 00:18:51,069
- The visuals are
very damaging indeed.
359
00:18:51,089 --> 00:18:55,009
It's a massive propaganda coup
for the Nazi regime.
360
00:18:56,190 --> 00:19:00,040
- This causes a lot of panic
back in London.
361
00:19:00,059 --> 00:19:02,049
You've got the loose cannon,
Duke of Windsor,
362
00:19:02,069 --> 00:19:05,099
meeting with Hitler, himself.
363
00:19:05,119 --> 00:19:08,999
♪ ♪
364
00:19:09,019 --> 00:19:10,209
- There is a great deal
of outrage
365
00:19:10,230 --> 00:19:13,120
at Edward's trip to Germany.
366
00:19:14,140 --> 00:19:18,040
"The New York Times"
chastens Edward
367
00:19:18,059 --> 00:19:20,999
for allowing himself
to be used as a pawn.
368
00:19:22,119 --> 00:19:24,999
- Edward didn't really
sympathize with the Nazis,
369
00:19:25,019 --> 00:19:27,119
but he wanted to upstage
his brother,
370
00:19:27,140 --> 00:19:30,120
and be a figure
of international importance.
371
00:19:30,140 --> 00:19:32,150
So George was
really very angry.
372
00:19:34,259 --> 00:19:37,119
- Less than two years
after Edward's visit,
373
00:19:37,140 --> 00:19:40,000
Hitler's army invades Poland.
374
00:19:40,019 --> 00:19:41,079
[explosions]
375
00:19:41,099 --> 00:19:43,259
- Poland, September 1939.
376
00:19:43,279 --> 00:19:45,149
[horses neighing]
The German foe begins
377
00:19:45,170 --> 00:19:47,100
its ruthless march
of conquests,
378
00:19:47,119 --> 00:19:50,119
and sets the stage
for World War II.
379
00:19:50,140 --> 00:19:52,110
[explosions]
380
00:19:52,130 --> 00:19:55,140
[somber, dramatic music]
381
00:19:57,089 --> 00:20:00,209
- Britain and Germany
are now at war.
382
00:20:02,170 --> 00:20:06,100
The King addresses
an apprehensive nation.
383
00:20:07,069 --> 00:20:10,099
- There may be
dark days ahead,
384
00:20:10,119 --> 00:20:12,119
but with God's help,
385
00:20:12,140 --> 00:20:14,250
we shall prevail.
386
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,040
- Shortly after the outbreak
of the Second World War,
387
00:20:19,059 --> 00:20:23,119
Winton Churchill becomes
George's prime minister.
388
00:20:23,140 --> 00:20:27,060
- The relationship is quite
frosty in the beginning.
389
00:20:27,079 --> 00:20:29,189
Churchill turns up
to his weekly audience
390
00:20:29,210 --> 00:20:31,200
with the king late.
391
00:20:31,220 --> 00:20:34,000
He dominates the conversation,
392
00:20:34,019 --> 00:20:36,219
and George finds it
disrespectful.
393
00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:40,160
As the war progressed,
they held over 200 meetings
394
00:20:40,180 --> 00:20:41,250
just between the two of them,
395
00:20:41,269 --> 00:20:44,219
where they could talk freely.
396
00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:48,070
- The role of the monarch
was to be consulted,
397
00:20:48,089 --> 00:20:50,199
not to make the decisions.
398
00:20:50,220 --> 00:20:52,100
But during
the Second World War,
399
00:20:52,119 --> 00:20:54,189
he is able to backup
Churchill and support him.
400
00:20:54,210 --> 00:20:57,170
They become mutually
very, very close.
401
00:20:57,190 --> 00:21:00,010
- I think they talked
about absolutely everything.
402
00:21:00,029 --> 00:21:03,109
There came to be built up
between the King
403
00:21:03,130 --> 00:21:07,020
and my grandfather
the most profound trust.
404
00:21:08,220 --> 00:21:11,000
- Now, King George VI
405
00:21:11,019 --> 00:21:14,149
is facing, really,
the darkest hours
406
00:21:14,170 --> 00:21:16,190
as they prepare for
407
00:21:16,210 --> 00:21:20,010
the possibility
of a German invasion.
408
00:21:23,119 --> 00:21:26,089
[airplanes whirring]
409
00:21:26,109 --> 00:21:28,099
- By September 1940,
410
00:21:28,119 --> 00:21:29,999
London is being subjected
411
00:21:30,019 --> 00:21:33,029
to a relentless
bombing campaign,
412
00:21:33,049 --> 00:21:35,079
known as The Blitz.
413
00:21:36,150 --> 00:21:38,060
- During the war,
the royal family
414
00:21:38,079 --> 00:21:40,059
want to present themselves
415
00:21:40,079 --> 00:21:41,219
as a unifying force,
416
00:21:41,240 --> 00:21:44,060
as suffering
alongside their people,
417
00:21:44,079 --> 00:21:47,269
as the symbol that holds
the nation together.
418
00:21:49,019 --> 00:21:51,249
[explosions]
419
00:21:52,279 --> 00:21:56,019
- As the bombing intensifies,
the royal family
420
00:21:56,039 --> 00:21:59,179
visits areas hit
by The Blitz.
421
00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:02,010
- When they go and visit
these bombed out places,
422
00:22:02,029 --> 00:22:03,999
they are really resented.
423
00:22:04,019 --> 00:22:06,229
People actually
don't want them there.
424
00:22:06,250 --> 00:22:09,230
- People end up
booing and jeering
425
00:22:09,250 --> 00:22:11,050
at the royal family.
426
00:22:11,069 --> 00:22:13,169
People who have
lost everything
427
00:22:13,190 --> 00:22:15,170
don't take kindly
to the royal family
428
00:22:15,190 --> 00:22:17,120
trotting out
of their car.
429
00:22:17,140 --> 00:22:21,070
They see it as patronizing,
as being utterly disconnected
430
00:22:21,089 --> 00:22:23,209
from the real world.
431
00:22:23,230 --> 00:22:27,050
- This reaction suggests
that the monarchy does not
432
00:22:27,069 --> 00:22:29,249
have the support
of the British people,
433
00:22:29,269 --> 00:22:31,069
and at a time of war,
434
00:22:31,089 --> 00:22:33,159
where unity
is absolutely essential,
435
00:22:33,180 --> 00:22:35,260
this is really worrying.
436
00:22:35,279 --> 00:22:38,179
- For the monarchy to survive,
it has to be useful.
437
00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:42,270
If they don't succeed
to be of service,
438
00:22:42,289 --> 00:22:45,189
it may lead
to conversation about,
439
00:22:45,210 --> 00:22:48,060
"Maybe we don't need a king,
after all."
440
00:22:58,009 --> 00:23:00,109
- On the 13th
of September, 1940,
441
00:23:00,130 --> 00:23:02,120
the King and Queen are at home
in Buckingham Palace,
442
00:23:02,140 --> 00:23:04,090
in the drawing room.
443
00:23:04,109 --> 00:23:06,099
[sirens wailing]
444
00:23:06,119 --> 00:23:08,119
- All of a sudden,
the King and Queen
445
00:23:08,140 --> 00:23:10,180
hear the sound
that all Londoners
446
00:23:10,200 --> 00:23:12,180
have come to dread--
447
00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:15,150
the air raid siren.
448
00:23:15,170 --> 00:23:17,090
- They hear
the whir, whir, whir
449
00:23:17,109 --> 00:23:20,089
of the German plane,
and it's coming for them.
450
00:23:20,109 --> 00:23:23,119
[explosions]
451
00:23:24,220 --> 00:23:27,130
- A bomb fell only a few feet
from the palace building,
452
00:23:27,150 --> 00:23:30,000
close to the King's
sitting room.
453
00:23:30,019 --> 00:23:31,189
- A member of staff
was killed.
454
00:23:31,210 --> 00:23:34,050
It was a very, very
severe bombing.
455
00:23:34,069 --> 00:23:37,029
They realized that they
were being targeted.
456
00:23:37,049 --> 00:23:38,189
- And so it is,
that Their Majesties
457
00:23:38,210 --> 00:23:40,120
are walking among the debris
in the garden,
458
00:23:40,140 --> 00:23:44,130
just like other families
in 100 homes today.
459
00:23:44,150 --> 00:23:46,070
- The air raid
on Buckingham Palace
460
00:23:46,089 --> 00:23:47,209
is absolutely terrifying
461
00:23:47,230 --> 00:23:49,120
for the King
and for the Queen.
462
00:23:49,140 --> 00:23:52,160
But it has a great impact
on their public image.
463
00:23:52,180 --> 00:23:56,100
It bolsters
their symbolic appeal
464
00:23:56,119 --> 00:24:00,099
as Londoners who are resolute.
465
00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:02,139
- Buckingham Palace
is bombed several times
466
00:24:02,160 --> 00:24:04,190
and the safety
of the King and Queen
467
00:24:04,210 --> 00:24:06,020
is a real issue,
468
00:24:06,039 --> 00:24:07,149
and there is quite a lot
of pressure
469
00:24:07,170 --> 00:24:09,240
for them to leave London.
470
00:24:09,259 --> 00:24:12,139
And they absolutely refuse.
471
00:24:12,160 --> 00:24:14,150
- Truly, this is a war
of all the people.
472
00:24:14,170 --> 00:24:16,120
We're all in it.
473
00:24:16,140 --> 00:24:17,290
- The next time
the King and Queen
474
00:24:18,009 --> 00:24:19,239
go and visit The Blitz damage,
475
00:24:19,259 --> 00:24:22,059
far from being
booed and jeered.
476
00:24:22,079 --> 00:24:24,139
This time, they get applauded.
477
00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:27,100
[cheers and applause]
478
00:24:27,119 --> 00:24:30,279
They have become the symbol
of Keep Calm and Carry On.
479
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:34,010
- The royal family do not have
any political power,
480
00:24:34,029 --> 00:24:36,199
but Churchill realizes
they can play
481
00:24:36,220 --> 00:24:40,040
a really important part
in boosting morale.
482
00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:43,069
- So, it's not just
the King and Queen
483
00:24:43,089 --> 00:24:44,229
who are involved
in the war effort.
484
00:24:44,250 --> 00:24:48,150
Princess Elizabeth
is enlisted as well,
485
00:24:48,170 --> 00:24:51,080
and she makes broadcast.
486
00:24:51,099 --> 00:24:53,229
She speaks on behalf
of herself,
487
00:24:53,250 --> 00:24:56,260
and her sister, Margaret Rose.
488
00:24:56,279 --> 00:24:59,189
- Princess Elizabeth
is not a natural speaker.
489
00:24:59,210 --> 00:25:01,040
And age 14,
490
00:25:01,059 --> 00:25:04,279
she has to address
the world, really.
491
00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:07,190
So it's a big pressure
on her shoulders.
492
00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:13,140
- And when peace comes,
remember
493
00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:17,060
it will be for us,
the children of today,
494
00:25:17,079 --> 00:25:19,009
to make the world of tomorrow
495
00:25:19,029 --> 00:25:21,209
a better and happier place.
496
00:25:21,230 --> 00:25:23,220
- It was an absolutely,
sort of, magical moment.
497
00:25:23,240 --> 00:25:27,060
Everybody was moved to tears
by these two children
498
00:25:27,079 --> 00:25:30,139
assisting their parents,
really, in the war effort.
499
00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:33,150
- We are both going
to say goodnight to you.
500
00:25:33,170 --> 00:25:35,070
Come on, Margaret.
501
00:25:35,089 --> 00:25:37,019
- Goodnight, children.
502
00:25:37,039 --> 00:25:40,059
- Goodnight,
and good luck to you all.
503
00:25:43,019 --> 00:25:46,159
- The war was very terrifying,
and the idea of having
504
00:25:46,180 --> 00:25:49,230
Princess Elizabeth and
Princess Margaret Rose there
505
00:25:49,250 --> 00:25:52,150
was really, really comforting.
506
00:25:57,279 --> 00:26:01,239
- But King George still has
a problem to contend with...
507
00:26:02,289 --> 00:26:05,089
His exiled brother, Edward.
508
00:26:07,109 --> 00:26:11,019
- At this point,
Edward is still a liability,
509
00:26:11,039 --> 00:26:15,109
and the government
is increasingly concerned
510
00:26:15,130 --> 00:26:17,210
about some of the company
he's been keeping,
511
00:26:17,230 --> 00:26:20,170
including people
with pro-Nazi sympathies.
512
00:26:20,190 --> 00:26:24,130
And all of this
was undermining George.
513
00:26:24,150 --> 00:26:28,100
- Churchill exercises his
authority as prime minister,
514
00:26:28,119 --> 00:26:31,169
effectively to shuffle him off
515
00:26:31,190 --> 00:26:33,190
to the Bahamas as governor,
516
00:26:33,210 --> 00:26:35,060
where it's hope that
the Duke of Windsor
517
00:26:35,079 --> 00:26:37,159
can do very little harm.
518
00:26:41,009 --> 00:26:43,179
- Churchill thought in sending
him a long, long way
519
00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:47,100
from Western Europe,
he can stay out of trouble.
520
00:26:47,119 --> 00:26:52,019
- With Edward and Wallis
over 4,000 miles away,
521
00:26:52,039 --> 00:26:54,269
King George
and Queen Elizabeth
522
00:26:54,289 --> 00:26:58,029
can focus on boosting
national confidence,
523
00:26:58,049 --> 00:27:00,199
and driving the war effort.
524
00:27:00,220 --> 00:27:04,190
- They traveled something like
50,000 miles in the course
525
00:27:04,210 --> 00:27:08,010
of the war,
around the United Kingdom,
526
00:27:08,029 --> 00:27:09,269
visiting troops,
527
00:27:09,289 --> 00:27:13,109
visiting hospitals,
visiting factories.
528
00:27:13,130 --> 00:27:17,030
They are everywhere.
529
00:27:17,049 --> 00:27:20,229
- She is this effective,
wartime queen.
530
00:27:20,250 --> 00:27:22,030
She is sympathetic.
531
00:27:22,049 --> 00:27:24,149
She is there
meeting the people.
532
00:27:24,170 --> 00:27:26,200
It is said that Hitler calls
Queen Elizabeth
533
00:27:26,220 --> 00:27:28,120
the most dangerous woman
in Europe,
534
00:27:28,140 --> 00:27:31,240
because he fears her massive
effect on public morale.
535
00:27:35,180 --> 00:27:37,100
[bell rings]
536
00:27:37,119 --> 00:27:39,189
- Advance, Britannia.
537
00:27:39,210 --> 00:27:42,270
Long live
the cause of freedom.
538
00:27:42,289 --> 00:27:44,169
God save the King.
539
00:27:44,190 --> 00:27:46,010
[cheers and applause]
540
00:27:46,029 --> 00:27:48,219
[triumphant music]
541
00:27:48,240 --> 00:27:51,130
- After six long years of war,
542
00:27:51,150 --> 00:27:53,100
Hitler is defeated.
543
00:27:55,049 --> 00:27:58,039
When victory in Europe
is declared,
544
00:27:58,059 --> 00:28:00,159
the royal family
and Winston Churchill
545
00:28:00,180 --> 00:28:03,110
appear on the palace balcony
546
00:28:03,130 --> 00:28:06,160
to celebrate with the crowds.
547
00:28:06,180 --> 00:28:09,190
- My grandfather's
admiration and respect
548
00:28:09,210 --> 00:28:11,190
for the crown doing its duty
549
00:28:11,210 --> 00:28:13,130
in a country
under great pressure
550
00:28:13,150 --> 00:28:16,260
was probably the most important
thing in his entire life.
551
00:28:16,279 --> 00:28:20,109
[cheers and applause]
552
00:28:20,130 --> 00:28:23,120
- It was just completely mad.
It was joyous.
553
00:28:23,140 --> 00:28:26,190
And everybody
was singing and dancing.
554
00:28:26,210 --> 00:28:33,190
♪ ♪
555
00:28:35,259 --> 00:28:37,179
- George broadcasts
a victory speech
556
00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:39,000
to the nation
that evening,
557
00:28:39,019 --> 00:28:41,999
that my grandfather
listened to.
558
00:28:42,019 --> 00:28:44,009
- At this hour,
559
00:28:44,029 --> 00:28:46,289
when the dreadful shadow of war
560
00:28:47,009 --> 00:28:49,179
has passed far from our...
561
00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:53,100
hearths and homes...
562
00:28:53,119 --> 00:28:56,069
- My grandfather made some
observations in his diary that
563
00:28:56,089 --> 00:28:59,239
the King sounded weary
and tired.
564
00:28:59,259 --> 00:29:03,079
- We may at last make
one pause,
565
00:29:03,099 --> 00:29:05,049
for thanksgiving.
566
00:29:05,069 --> 00:29:08,229
- The war comes at a huge,
personal cost for George VI.
567
00:29:08,250 --> 00:29:11,130
And, to an extent,
he's a broken man
568
00:29:11,150 --> 00:29:14,270
who's not
in the best of health.
569
00:29:14,289 --> 00:29:17,269
- The shadow of war
may have lifted,
570
00:29:17,289 --> 00:29:19,249
but within
George's own family,
571
00:29:19,269 --> 00:29:21,179
peace will soon be disrupted
572
00:29:21,200 --> 00:29:26,140
by a new man in the life
of his eldest daughter.
573
00:29:33,289 --> 00:29:37,239
- The Second World War
has been over for a year,
574
00:29:37,259 --> 00:29:39,219
and at Balmoral Castle
in Scotland,
575
00:29:39,240 --> 00:29:42,070
the 20-year-old
Princess Elizabeth
576
00:29:42,089 --> 00:29:45,249
is deep in conversation
with Prince Philip of Greece.
577
00:29:47,130 --> 00:29:49,020
- Well, of course,
he was so good looking.
578
00:29:49,039 --> 00:29:51,079
I mean, we were all
in love with him.
579
00:29:52,269 --> 00:29:55,059
- Prince Philip of Greece
is a direct descendant
580
00:29:55,079 --> 00:29:56,259
of Queen Victoria,
581
00:29:56,279 --> 00:29:59,209
just as Princess Elizabeth
of Great Britain
582
00:29:59,230 --> 00:30:03,240
is also a direct descendant
of Queen Victoria.
583
00:30:03,259 --> 00:30:05,279
And this makes them
third cousins.
584
00:30:07,170 --> 00:30:09,170
- Prince Philip
was the fifth child
585
00:30:09,190 --> 00:30:11,280
of Prince Andrew of Greece.
586
00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:14,010
He had four
much older sisters.
587
00:30:14,029 --> 00:30:15,209
And within a year and a bit
588
00:30:15,230 --> 00:30:17,060
of his life starting,
589
00:30:17,079 --> 00:30:18,179
the royal family
590
00:30:18,200 --> 00:30:20,020
was overthrown in Greece.
591
00:30:20,039 --> 00:30:21,209
There was a military coup,
592
00:30:21,230 --> 00:30:24,250
and the family had to flee.
593
00:30:24,269 --> 00:30:26,119
- He comes
from a very broken home.
594
00:30:26,140 --> 00:30:28,120
His father has a mistress
in Monte Carlo.
595
00:30:28,140 --> 00:30:29,280
His mother's been shut up
596
00:30:30,000 --> 00:30:31,020
for her
mental health problems.
597
00:30:31,039 --> 00:30:32,089
He never sees her.
598
00:30:32,109 --> 00:30:33,279
And so he's very rootless.
599
00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:36,110
- Somebody described Philip
600
00:30:36,130 --> 00:30:39,030
as a very large dog
without a basket.
601
00:30:41,029 --> 00:30:44,069
- When in England,
Philip stays with his uncle,
602
00:30:44,089 --> 00:30:47,189
the King's cousin,
Lord Louie Mountbatten.
603
00:30:49,069 --> 00:30:51,129
- Prince Philip had
a very difficult childhood,
604
00:30:51,150 --> 00:30:52,240
absent parents.
605
00:30:52,259 --> 00:30:54,189
And so I think
my grandfather Mountbatten
606
00:30:54,210 --> 00:30:56,200
really took on that role.
607
00:30:56,220 --> 00:30:59,240
I think he became more
than even an uncle.
608
00:30:59,259 --> 00:31:01,219
- He's sort of impressed
by what he sees
609
00:31:01,240 --> 00:31:05,030
in the young Prince Philip,
and he starts to have
610
00:31:05,049 --> 00:31:07,019
these, sort of,
ambitions for him.
611
00:31:08,180 --> 00:31:10,260
- Princess Elizabeth
first noticed Philip
612
00:31:10,279 --> 00:31:12,179
seven years earlier,
613
00:31:12,200 --> 00:31:16,070
at the Royal Naval college
in Dartmouth.
614
00:31:16,089 --> 00:31:18,289
- In 1939,
when Princess Elizabeth
615
00:31:19,009 --> 00:31:20,179
was a little girl of 13,
616
00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:23,100
and Prince Philip was 18
617
00:31:23,119 --> 00:31:24,219
and a naval cadet.
618
00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:26,050
[marching band music]
619
00:31:26,069 --> 00:31:28,109
The King and the Queen,
with their two daughters,
620
00:31:28,130 --> 00:31:30,130
came to the college.
621
00:31:30,150 --> 00:31:33,020
They played croquet.
622
00:31:33,039 --> 00:31:36,119
Prince Philip,
concentrating on his shot,
623
00:31:36,140 --> 00:31:39,050
and there is little
Princess Elizabeth
624
00:31:39,069 --> 00:31:40,219
gazing up at him.
625
00:31:40,240 --> 00:31:42,090
[bright, charming music]
626
00:31:42,109 --> 00:31:45,039
- She was smitten, I'm sure,
very, very quickly,
627
00:31:45,059 --> 00:31:47,159
because they did start there,
628
00:31:47,180 --> 00:31:49,120
and never looked back frankly.
629
00:31:49,140 --> 00:31:51,060
It was a big love story.
630
00:31:52,259 --> 00:31:54,999
- The feeling was that it
had been Mountbatten
631
00:31:55,019 --> 00:31:56,149
who engineered this.
632
00:31:56,170 --> 00:31:58,130
- Elizabeth and Philip
wrote letters to each other
633
00:31:58,150 --> 00:31:59,250
throughout the war,
634
00:31:59,269 --> 00:32:03,179
and Elizabeth had a photograph
of Philip beside her bed.
635
00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:06,050
And when the war was over,
they began to see each other
636
00:32:06,069 --> 00:32:07,229
really rather frequently.
637
00:32:09,059 --> 00:32:12,229
- And when he asked her
to marry him in 1946,
638
00:32:12,250 --> 00:32:14,280
Elizabeth says yes to Philip,
639
00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:17,160
but, of course, she has
to ask her father's permission.
640
00:32:19,170 --> 00:32:22,240
- Philip's proposal
came as a nasty shock
641
00:32:22,259 --> 00:32:25,199
to the King and the Queen.
642
00:32:27,099 --> 00:32:29,999
- Prince Philip would not
have been their first choice.
643
00:32:30,019 --> 00:32:31,209
I mean, he was a sort of
foreign prince
644
00:32:31,230 --> 00:32:34,260
and had a lot
of German connections.
645
00:32:34,279 --> 00:32:37,109
- After the war,
there is a great deal
646
00:32:37,130 --> 00:32:38,230
of anti-German sentiment
647
00:32:38,250 --> 00:32:40,140
in the royal household.
648
00:32:40,160 --> 00:32:43,060
The problem for Philip is that
three of his sisters
649
00:32:43,079 --> 00:32:44,229
were married to Nazis,
650
00:32:44,250 --> 00:32:46,260
and therefore, there's
a great deal of suspicion
651
00:32:46,279 --> 00:32:48,269
around Philip.
652
00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:51,050
- The King's private secretary
653
00:32:51,069 --> 00:32:54,149
thought that Philip
was a rough, crude,
654
00:32:54,170 --> 00:32:56,290
coarse sailor who would
probably be unfaithful,
655
00:32:57,009 --> 00:33:00,099
and he didn't trust him
an inch.
656
00:33:00,119 --> 00:33:01,279
- The King does consent
to the marriage,
657
00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:03,100
but on the condition
658
00:33:03,119 --> 00:33:05,999
that they postpone the
announcement of the engagement
659
00:33:06,019 --> 00:33:09,049
until after the royal visit
to South Africa.
660
00:33:09,069 --> 00:33:11,129
- The King hopes that
a little bit of separation
661
00:33:11,150 --> 00:33:13,140
between Elizabeth and Philip
will mean that perhaps
662
00:33:13,160 --> 00:33:16,000
the love will cool a little.
663
00:33:16,019 --> 00:33:17,169
- They go on this tour in 1947
664
00:33:17,190 --> 00:33:19,170
to thank
the South African people
665
00:33:19,190 --> 00:33:21,090
for the support given
to Britain
666
00:33:21,109 --> 00:33:23,119
during the Second World War.
667
00:33:23,140 --> 00:33:25,190
Princess Elizabeth
has never been out
668
00:33:25,210 --> 00:33:27,000
of the country before,
669
00:33:27,019 --> 00:33:28,169
so this is the first
opportunity for her
670
00:33:28,190 --> 00:33:29,200
to unfurl her wings,
671
00:33:29,220 --> 00:33:31,190
and she gets
a great deal of enjoyment
672
00:33:31,210 --> 00:33:33,140
out of the experience.
673
00:33:33,160 --> 00:33:36,030
- While they're on
this trip in South Africa,
674
00:33:36,049 --> 00:33:38,019
on her 21st birthday,
675
00:33:38,039 --> 00:33:41,149
Princess Elizabeth gives
a radio broadcast,
676
00:33:41,170 --> 00:33:45,150
and this is a key moment
in her life.
677
00:33:48,170 --> 00:33:52,130
- I declare before you all
that my whole life,
678
00:33:52,150 --> 00:33:55,040
whether it be long or short,
679
00:33:55,059 --> 00:33:57,099
shall be devoted
to your service.
680
00:33:59,190 --> 00:34:01,110
- Princess Elizabeth,
681
00:34:01,130 --> 00:34:03,130
unlike her Uncle Edward,
682
00:34:03,150 --> 00:34:05,250
vows to devote herself
683
00:34:05,269 --> 00:34:08,059
to a lifetime of public duty
684
00:34:08,079 --> 00:34:10,169
when she is crowned queen.
685
00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:14,210
- Now that is a deliberately
686
00:34:14,230 --> 00:34:16,270
anti-abdication speech.
687
00:34:16,289 --> 00:34:20,279
This is for life.
"I will not abdicate."
688
00:34:25,099 --> 00:34:26,999
- When she made that vow,
689
00:34:27,019 --> 00:34:30,049
felt it deeply,
and meant it,
690
00:34:30,070 --> 00:34:31,190
every word of it,
691
00:34:31,210 --> 00:34:35,050
and has stuck to it
throughout her life.
692
00:34:35,070 --> 00:34:37,170
[crowd cheering]
693
00:34:37,190 --> 00:34:39,270
- After Elizabeth returns
from South Africa,
694
00:34:39,289 --> 00:34:41,179
she is still adamant
695
00:34:41,199 --> 00:34:43,259
she wants to marry
Prince Philip.
696
00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:45,020
[cheering]
697
00:34:45,039 --> 00:34:46,069
- Londoners, who had
been waiting
698
00:34:46,090 --> 00:34:47,240
outside the palace for hours,
699
00:34:47,260 --> 00:34:49,180
made their feelings
perfectly clear
700
00:34:49,199 --> 00:34:50,269
when the Princess
and her fiancé
701
00:34:50,289 --> 00:34:52,079
came out onto the balcony.
702
00:34:52,099 --> 00:34:55,209
[cheering]
703
00:34:55,230 --> 00:34:58,040
- Philip is going to marry
into the royal family.
704
00:34:58,059 --> 00:35:00,179
You can't really do that
without a handle to your name,
705
00:35:00,199 --> 00:35:01,999
without a title,
706
00:35:02,019 --> 00:35:05,089
and he becomes
Duke of Edinburgh.
707
00:35:09,010 --> 00:35:12,160
- She just looked so radiant.
Always calm.
708
00:35:12,179 --> 00:35:14,059
And also, so glamorous,
you know.
709
00:35:14,079 --> 00:35:17,159
Everybody suddenly,
after the war, looked
710
00:35:17,179 --> 00:35:19,019
rather wonderful.
711
00:35:21,269 --> 00:35:24,179
- The royal wedding
is a national success--
712
00:35:24,199 --> 00:35:27,069
a day of celebration
that brightens hard times.
713
00:35:27,090 --> 00:35:28,270
[cheering]
714
00:35:28,289 --> 00:35:32,199
And yet, the king's health
is failing.
715
00:35:32,219 --> 00:35:33,279
That ill health
716
00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:36,080
is gonna have
dramatic consequences
717
00:35:36,099 --> 00:35:38,149
for the young Elizabeth.
718
00:35:47,190 --> 00:35:49,160
- It has just been announced
from Buckingham Palace
719
00:35:49,179 --> 00:35:52,069
that Her Royal Highness,
the Princess Elizabeth,
720
00:35:52,090 --> 00:35:53,250
Duchess of Edinburgh,
721
00:35:53,269 --> 00:35:57,039
was safely delivered
of a prince at 9:14 p.m.
722
00:35:58,219 --> 00:36:01,219
- Buckingham Palace,
in November 1948--
723
00:36:01,239 --> 00:36:03,079
Prince Charles is born.
724
00:36:05,019 --> 00:36:07,079
Almost exactly a year
after the birth,
725
00:36:07,099 --> 00:36:10,279
Prince Philip takes up a post
as second-in-command
726
00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:14,110
of destroyer, "Chequers,"
based in Malta,
727
00:36:14,130 --> 00:36:17,100
and the Princess
comes out to join him.
728
00:36:18,219 --> 00:36:21,119
- I think that when they were
in Malta together,
729
00:36:21,139 --> 00:36:23,249
it was the only time, really,
in their married life
730
00:36:23,269 --> 00:36:26,049
when they've lived
like normal people.
731
00:36:26,070 --> 00:36:29,080
[upbeat string music]
732
00:36:30,289 --> 00:36:33,109
- She could go to dances,
chat to the other wives,
733
00:36:33,130 --> 00:36:35,190
go swimming,
go to the hairdressers.
734
00:36:35,210 --> 00:36:39,050
She felt such freedom.
She loved it.
735
00:36:41,000 --> 00:36:42,080
- I think those
must have been
736
00:36:42,099 --> 00:36:44,119
the best two years
of their lives.
737
00:36:46,050 --> 00:36:49,010
And then, of course, she had to
come back to total reality.
738
00:36:49,030 --> 00:36:51,010
Back to England.
739
00:36:51,030 --> 00:36:53,170
- Anxious and sympathetic
crowds were at the palace,
740
00:36:53,190 --> 00:36:55,000
waiting for news.
741
00:36:55,019 --> 00:36:56,179
The announcement,
that the King was to undergo
742
00:36:56,199 --> 00:37:00,119
an immediate major operation
came as a shock to everyone.
743
00:37:00,139 --> 00:37:02,089
- He needed to have
an operation
744
00:37:02,110 --> 00:37:04,290
for the removal
of one of his lungs.
745
00:37:05,010 --> 00:37:06,150
The King had lung cancer.
746
00:37:06,170 --> 00:37:07,250
[somber music]
747
00:37:07,269 --> 00:37:11,059
The operation itself
seems to be successful,
748
00:37:11,079 --> 00:37:14,119
and the King convinces himself
that he's getting better.
749
00:37:16,260 --> 00:37:20,190
- Even though George feels
he is on the mend,
750
00:37:20,210 --> 00:37:24,190
there is a trip that
he has been planning to do.
751
00:37:26,010 --> 00:37:27,260
But he's not up to it,
752
00:37:27,280 --> 00:37:31,120
and he asks Princess Elizabeth
and Prince Philip
753
00:37:31,139 --> 00:37:33,169
to go in his stead.
754
00:37:36,159 --> 00:37:39,999
- But five days after
his daughter arrives in Kenya,
755
00:37:40,019 --> 00:37:42,019
at home in Sandringham,
756
00:37:42,039 --> 00:37:44,179
at the age of just 56,
757
00:37:44,199 --> 00:37:46,059
the King dies.
758
00:37:46,079 --> 00:37:48,229
[somber music]
759
00:37:48,250 --> 00:37:50,260
- Princess Elizabeth is already
the Queen
760
00:37:50,280 --> 00:37:52,160
the moment her father dies
761
00:37:52,179 --> 00:37:54,129
thousands of miles away
at Sandringham.
762
00:37:54,150 --> 00:37:56,140
So they have to get
the message to her
763
00:37:56,159 --> 00:37:58,259
before the news is announced
on the radio.
764
00:37:58,280 --> 00:38:01,200
And communications,
of course, in 1952,
765
00:38:01,219 --> 00:38:03,229
are very, very difficult.
766
00:38:03,250 --> 00:38:06,210
- The palace sends out
a coded message
767
00:38:06,230 --> 00:38:08,060
to be communicated
to Elizabeth,
768
00:38:08,079 --> 00:38:10,069
but there's a problem.
769
00:38:10,090 --> 00:38:12,200
- The code had
to be deciphered,
770
00:38:12,219 --> 00:38:14,289
and nobody had the code book.
771
00:38:15,010 --> 00:38:18,040
- But the palace thinks
Elizabeth will be told,
772
00:38:18,059 --> 00:38:20,149
and so the palace
tells the world,
773
00:38:20,170 --> 00:38:23,190
but Elizabeth doesn't know.
774
00:38:23,210 --> 00:38:26,060
- Elizabeth's private
secretary, Martin Charteris,
775
00:38:26,079 --> 00:38:28,089
was in the local town
when he hears
776
00:38:28,110 --> 00:38:29,240
that the King has died.
777
00:38:29,260 --> 00:38:32,230
But at this point
it's unconfirmed.
778
00:38:32,250 --> 00:38:34,120
- Princess Elizabeth
was in a room
779
00:38:34,139 --> 00:38:35,219
writing to her father
at the time,
780
00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:38,239
and there is the radio.
781
00:38:38,260 --> 00:38:40,180
Philip's private secretary
went in
782
00:38:40,199 --> 00:38:43,259
and took the radio
out of the room.
783
00:38:43,280 --> 00:38:45,220
- The private secretary hears
784
00:38:45,239 --> 00:38:48,099
that the King
is actually dead,
785
00:38:48,119 --> 00:38:50,139
and so Prince Philip is told.
786
00:38:52,219 --> 00:38:54,249
- Then Prince Philip
has to go
787
00:38:54,269 --> 00:38:56,279
to Princess Elizabeth
788
00:38:57,000 --> 00:39:00,060
and say, "I think we better
go take a walk outside."
789
00:39:01,219 --> 00:39:03,239
And in the garden...
790
00:39:03,260 --> 00:39:06,170
he breaks the news that
her father has died.
791
00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:13,050
- Elizabeth is only 25.
792
00:39:13,070 --> 00:39:16,170
She's lost a father
she adored.
793
00:39:16,190 --> 00:39:18,230
He was her mentor.
He was her guide,
794
00:39:18,250 --> 00:39:21,000
and she was
utterly devoted to him.
795
00:39:21,019 --> 00:39:23,219
♪ ♪
796
00:39:23,239 --> 00:39:28,009
- He demonstrated to her
the meaning of duty.
797
00:39:28,030 --> 00:39:31,210
She never expected she would
lose him so soon.
798
00:39:31,230 --> 00:39:36,200
♪ ♪
799
00:39:36,219 --> 00:39:39,039
- One reign had ended.
800
00:39:39,059 --> 00:39:41,039
A reign begins.
801
00:39:41,059 --> 00:39:43,129
With members
of Her Majesty's government
802
00:39:43,150 --> 00:39:46,280
all await the Queen's arrival.
803
00:39:47,000 --> 00:39:49,010
- My grandfather,
Winston Churchill,
804
00:39:49,030 --> 00:39:52,130
was worried that he didn't
know her at all.
805
00:39:52,150 --> 00:39:55,030
There was
a generational difference.
806
00:39:55,050 --> 00:39:56,160
He would've thought,
"Well, my goodness,
807
00:39:56,179 --> 00:39:58,049
What am I going
to talk to her about?"
808
00:39:59,199 --> 00:40:03,009
- And there she was, this
very vulnerable young woman,
809
00:40:03,030 --> 00:40:06,100
having to take on what
she was going to have to do.
810
00:40:06,119 --> 00:40:09,059
I think we were sort of
dumbfounded, really.
811
00:40:09,079 --> 00:40:11,149
I mean, one wasn't
expecting that to happen.
812
00:40:13,159 --> 00:40:15,999
- She took on this huge job
813
00:40:16,019 --> 00:40:17,279
immediately on top of being
814
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:21,090
very, very sad that
she'd lost her father.
815
00:40:21,110 --> 00:40:24,110
- The opportunity was given
for the people to pay tribute.
816
00:40:24,130 --> 00:40:26,110
Soon, they were passing
into the hall
817
00:40:26,130 --> 00:40:28,280
at over 4,000 every hour--
818
00:40:29,000 --> 00:40:32,270
itself a measure
of public sorrow and sympathy.
819
00:40:37,250 --> 00:40:39,250
- There is an incredibly
striking image
820
00:40:39,269 --> 00:40:41,079
of George's funeral,
821
00:40:41,099 --> 00:40:43,159
of the three queens
822
00:40:43,179 --> 00:40:47,129
with these incredibly,
sort of, dramatic black veils.
823
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:53,150
And it's an image
of complete desolation, really.
824
00:40:53,170 --> 00:40:55,260
Total grief.
825
00:41:00,039 --> 00:41:02,279
- I remember them with
black veils over their faces.
826
00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:05,150
I know, it's so sad.
827
00:41:05,170 --> 00:41:08,120
And poor Queen Elizabeth--
then the Queen--
828
00:41:08,139 --> 00:41:10,009
very young indeed.
829
00:41:11,099 --> 00:41:14,019
- Goodness knows what was
going through her mind.
830
00:41:14,039 --> 00:41:17,059
A wondrous thought,
how devastated she must be.
831
00:41:19,179 --> 00:41:22,229
- The Queen is now
the head of the royal family.
832
00:41:22,250 --> 00:41:25,160
It is her responsibility.
833
00:41:25,179 --> 00:41:28,019
She has the biggest job
in the world,
834
00:41:28,039 --> 00:41:30,139
and everyone
is watching to see
835
00:41:30,159 --> 00:41:32,009
whether she can succeed.
836
00:41:39,019 --> 00:41:41,059
- Next on "The Windsors"...
837
00:41:42,159 --> 00:41:45,129
- Philip and Elizabeth
are a golden couple,
838
00:41:45,150 --> 00:41:48,190
but behind the scenes,
he's restless.
839
00:41:48,210 --> 00:41:51,070
- There are rumors that
there might be cracks
840
00:41:51,090 --> 00:41:52,200
in the Queen's marriage.
841
00:41:52,219 --> 00:41:55,159
- And her sister
is actually involved
842
00:41:55,179 --> 00:41:57,049
with a divorced man.
843
00:41:57,070 --> 00:41:59,190
- Where there's a conflict
between love and duty,
844
00:41:59,210 --> 00:42:02,160
it is duty that comes first.
63429
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