All language subtitles for How.Its.Made.S32E12.1080p.WEB.x264-Eng

The inuit and yupik native alaskan tribes invented

specialized goggles
to prevent snow blindness.

In the early 20th century,

a new kind of eyewear
was created for airline pilots

in order to protect
their faces from wind.

Soon, motorcyclists started
wearing the eyewear

for the same purpose.

This manufacturer uses
the same tooling process

used to produce
the iconic eye protection

worn by the ace pilots
of the royal air force

during world war ii.

Production begins
with a coil feeder,

which feeds a strip of soft-coil
brass into a press tool.

The tool stamps out
a series of flat blanks.

The press simultaneously punches
two guide holes

that will help position
the blanks on the other tools.

Two raised press tools form
the blank

around a left and right die.

The press tools add new folds
and contours to the blanks.

Another press tool stamps out
the center aperture.

A device punches out
stitching holes

that will allow an attachment

to connect
to a leather face pad.

A different press tool punctures
the stitching holes

located along the goggle frame.

Due to the age of the machinery,

the distance between the holes
has become slightly uneven,

giving the goggles
their distinctive character.

Next, the nose-bridge bracket
is positioned on a rivet shaft.

With the eyepiece in place,

the craftsman triggers
the device

to rivet
the components together.

Before he attaches
the two eyepieces,

the craftsman polishes each
piece against a grinding wheel.

This is a two-step process

starting with an operation
called scarfing,

which prepares the surface,

followed by polishing
with a special compound.

The goggle lenses will be
installed into the frames

at a 45-degree angle,

so a grinding wheel casts
a 22.5-degree angle

on each section of glass.

The craftswoman removes
the slight burr

left by the grinding process
with a sanding wheel.

The lenses are made out of
shatterproof laminate

for additional protection.

The lens frame is made out
of a painted brass channel.

The brass has been annealed
for strength

and to remove
any internal stresses.

A small rod is inserted
as a temporary support.

She places the assembly
in a clamp

and secures the channel in place
with a brass cleat.

She uses a manual hand press
to bend the channel

to 45 degrees.

The craftswoman removes
the support rod

and applies epoxy glue

to the seam between
the two sections of glass.

She inserts a brass cleat
to hold the assembly in place,

and this time the cleat

is permanently fastened
to the assembly.

Now the eyepiece is ready for
the next phase of production.

The eyepieces are attached
to a leather face pad

made from lamb nappa leather.

A craftsperson starts
the process

by using a custom die

and a 10-ton press
to stamp out the required shape.

Then she uses a leatherworking
sewing machine

to stitch the two layers
of the face pad together.

With exactly 1.5 millimeters
between each stitch,

the attachment is durable

without overperforating
the leather.

She sews the inner perimeter
of the face mask

with an overlocking stitch.

This operation is not easy.

It takes a skilled leatherworker
up to seven months of training

to become truly proficient.

Before sewing the nose-cover
section of the face pad,

the craftswoman glues
the layers together

to ensure
they're assembled correctly.

After the glue has cured,

the goggle eyepieces are placed
in position over the face pad,

and the components
are stitched together by hand.

The goggle assembly
is almost complete.

The goggle lenses are placed
into position

in the channels
of the eyepiece frames.

Now they just need to be
secured in place.

The headband clips attach
to the goggles

and lock in the lenses.

Not only do these handcrafted
goggles protect your face,

you can be assured
they will never go out of style.

Today we can listen to music instantly

from a smartphone
or in our car,

but to enjoy a bit of nostalgia,

you can still enjoy
a more tactile and visual

musical experience
by pushing down a button

and waiting for a jukebox
to load

and play a song
on a vinyl record.

This classic 1940s dome-top
jukebox is built by hand.

It plays vinyl records,

which are loaded into
the machine after purchase.

A technician builds the cabinet

out of thin, flexible sheets
of plywood.

Once five sheets of wood
have been glued together,

the technician places them
in a dome-shaped mold.

After glue is applied
to the inside of the cabinet,

team members insert
the wood back panel.

The layers are then
held together

by hydraulic rams for 24 hours.

Then workers remove the cabinet
from the mold

and install shelving
and brackets.

The brackets, or knuckles,
are made out of zinc

and will hold
the cabinet door together.

When a knuckle
comes out of the mold,

the edges are rough
and contain excess metal,

so a technician smoothes
the knuckle with a belt sander

and then uses a guide
to drill screw holes.

The factory sends the knuckles
out to a specialty metal plater,

who plates them with chrome.

The cabinet door consists of
a front hoop and a front panel.

Technicians place both parts
in an assembly jig

to ensure they are
positioned correctly.

Then eight knuckles
are connected --

two at the top
and three on each side.

Every jukebox is
uniquely handmade,

so a technician verifies
that the door and cabinet

are aligned accordingly.

Next, both components are moved
to the cabinet-finishing area

to be painted or stained,
depending on the wood.

The customer selects the color
and any options,

such as programmable
l.E.D. Lighting

or bluetooth connectivity
for streaming digital music.

The bubble tubes are handcrafted
from standard glass tubing.

An artisan seals the tube
at the bottom

then passes a probe
to check for any small cracks.

If the tube is intact,

tiny silicon crystals
are placed at the bottom,

and fluid that turns
from liquid into gas

is poured into the tube
at very low temperature.

The artisan melts the glass
with a torch

to seal the top of the tube.

Each jukebox has four straight
bubble tubes

and four curved ones.

Making a curved tube
requires two artisans.

One heats the tube,

while the other bends it
around a form.

Next, the tubes are placed
in a tester,

which heats the fluid,
turning it into gas.

The silicon crystals
at the bottom

disrupt the gas as it rises,

creating hundreds
of rising bubbles.

As the bubbles reach
the top of the tube,

they cool
and turn back into liquid.

A technician installs the tubes

inside transparent
protective covers.

He connects each tube
to a heating plate

hidden inside the cabinet.

Another specialist wires

the jukebox electrical systems
and speakers.

The speaker assembly is located
behind the front door

of the cabinet.

A 1950s-style jukebox is made
with shaped glass and chrome.

It has a curved,
see-through front door,

which allows the user to watch
as the vinyl system finds,

pulls, and plays
the selected record.

Each machine contains
a 70-slot circular basket

that holds a two-sided record.

The motor in this reproduction
jukebox is guided

by computer software.

The motor rotates the basket
to bring the selected record

to the lift arm.

Another motor rotates
the turntable to play the song.

The software reads the position
of each record

via an optical sensor
and a rotating slotted disc.

The software calculates
the quickest route

to the requested record,

then spins the basket to bring
the record to the lift arm.

So when your jukebox arrives,

all you have to do is drop in
your favorite records,

make title cards
using the labeling software,

and insert them
in the title display.

This jukebox is ready to provide
the listener with good times

and good vibes
for many years to come.

Standard excavators shovel and dig,

but due to their size,

they can sometimes break
underground utilities.

Vacuum excavators dig
with a technique

that doesn't cause damage,

softening the soil with
a high-pressure stream of water,

then sucking up the mud
into a debris tank.

A vacuum excavator functions

as a pressure washer
and shop vacuum.

Using a high-pressure water jet,

the excavator removes materials
with a vacuum hose

and deposits it
into a debris tank.

The tank holds up to
1,188 gallons of debris

and is made from
high-strength sheet steel.

A steel rolling machine curves
the sheet under pressure.

A welder clamps
the ends of the sheet together

and tacks them
to form a cylinder.

Next, he transfers the cylinder
to a welding fixture

and fully welds the seam.

Then the welder mounts
a steel dome

to the front end of the tank.

Using an assembly jig, he clamps
the dome into position.

he strikes the dome
with a mallet

to close any gaps between
the dome and the cylinder.

He tack-welds the parts
to each other.

He removes the cylinder
from the jig

and fully welds the exterior
seam around the perimeter.

Another machinist welds
the inner seam.

Other components are welded
to the tank.

These include a large hinge
for the tank's rear door,

side pins that allow the tank
to tilt when emptied,

a pair of windows,
storage hooks,

and an inlet
for the suction hose.

Once all the steel parts
have been cleaned with hot water

and a chemical
that inhibits rust,

a technician sprays them
with primer.

Then a coat of durable,
epoxy-based paint is applied.

The paint takes
a couple of hours to dry.

The vacuum excavator is built
into a welded steel trailer

that has upright steel posts
on each side

to hold the water tanks.

A technician installs
l.E.D. Brake lights

and side indicator lights.

Next, wiring is run along
the length of the trailer.

The wires control the machine's
trailer brakes

and safety lights.

Then the wiring is connected
to the lights.

A technician covers
every connection

with heat-shrink plastic.

This will ensure the connected
wires are water-resistant.

Next, the hydraulic pump
is installed,

as well as rubber cushions

to protect the bottom
of the debris tank,

and reflective red-and-white
safety tape, as required by law.

A technician installs
two industrial tires

on each side of the trailer.

He runs hydraulic lines
from the hydraulic pump

to the lift cylinders
that tilt the debris tank

and to its rear-door mechanism.

The empty debris tank weighs
more than 1,500 pounds.

Using an overhead crane,

a team lifts and positions
the tank

over the rear part
of the trailer,

lowering it into
the hydraulic lift system.

Next, the power pack
is installed

on the front of the trailer.

The pack contains
the gas or diesel engine,

the vacuum and water pumps,
the battery,

and belts that connect
the pumps and engine pulleys.

After the first of two
polyethylene water tanks

are assembled, technicians
install an air-filtration unit.

The unit protects the inner
components of the vacuum pump.

Two technicians install
the second water tank,

placing it in between
the trailer's support posts.

Then the tank is secured
with two crossbars.

To dig with a vacuum excavator,

the suction hose is attached
to the debris tank

while the other end digs.

Then the ignition, water,
and vacuum pumps are started.

The water pump pressurizes
the water flowing from the tanks

through the hose and out
the nozzle of an attached wand.

The water pressure turns
the soil into mud,

and the suction hose
removes the material.

Thanks to
this shovel-free process,

operators can now dig without
damaging underground utilities.

Inside a pewter shaving set

is a double-barreled mug
called scuttle.

In one compartment,
it keeps shaving water hot,

while holding soap in the other.

The set's badger-bristle
shaving brush

is used to work the soap
and water into a hot lather.

With a pewter shaving set,

the user employs nostalgic tools
to shave.

It's elegant,
and it helps get the job done.

Pewter of made of tin,

with a small amount
of copper and antimony.

Tin is a soft metal, while
the other metals add strength.

A metal worker places
a filter gate

at one end of the mold.

He scoops up molten pewter

and pours it in the mold
in front of the filter gate.

The filter gate
captures impurities

as the pewter flows
to the other side.

Heat causes any air pockets
to rise to the surface

and dissipate.

Spraying the pewter
with cool water

accelerates the solidification.

After 10 seconds, the pewter has
hardened into a thick slab

called an ingot.

A metal worker breaks off
the excess material

left by the filter gate.

The pewter is now
in a workable form.

A technician places the ingot
in a machine with steel rollers

and adjusts the space between
the upper and lower rollers.

Using 66 tons of pressure,
the rollers flatten the ingot.

It takes several passes
through the rollers

to reduce the ingot
to its desired thickness.

Additionally, the rolling
stretches the ingot,

transforming it
into a large sheet.

Later, the sheet will be used
to make the shaving scuttle

and brush handle.

Now it's time to construct
the beard combs.

A technician ladles molten
pewter into a rubber mold.

The centrifugal force
forces the liquid pewter

into the mold's crevices.

After 2 1/2 minutes,
the mold is removed,

producing seven
pewter beard combs.

The technician extracts
the combs from the runners

formed from the molten pewter.

After sanding,
the combs are dipped

in a specialized solution.

In a vibrating machine,

the ceramic pellets shake off
most of the excess solution.

But the solution that's seeped
into the embossed logo remains,

adding definition.

Back to the shaving scuttle
and brush assembly,

a large sheet of pewter
is cut into discs.

A technician pours resin
into a mold

to create
the shaving-brush handle.

After the handle's cured
for 25 minutes,

the resin transitions
from a liquid to a solid.

Now he has a handle form
to work with.

As the handle spins in a lathe,

the technician
shaves off imperfections

with a cutting tool.

A sharp, circular die cuts out
discs from the pewter sheet.

With the handle core
still spinning,

the worker shapes
the pewter disc,

essentially giving the part
a pewter skin.

Using the same spinning
techniques,

the scuttle shaving mug
are now complete.

Using a natural abrasive
mixed with oil,

the pewter parts are buffed.

This step removes flaws
and provides an initial polish.

Then the maker's mark is carved
into the shaving-scuttle base,

stamping the logo
into the pewter.

Now that the scuttle-mug parts
are assembled,

a technician solders the base
to the scuttle body.

a decorative cured handle adds
visual interest

and will provide the user
a place to grip.

A technician adds more solder

to seal the handle
to the scuttle body.

This shaving scuttle
is now complete.

All the parts will undergo
an extensive polishing,

giving the pewter
a mirror finish.

Using a buffing wheel,

a technician polishes the
shaving scuttle one last time.

Finally, this pewter shaving set
is ready to take on stubble.