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In the late 19th century,
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it was considered immoral
for unmarried women
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to enter a man's bedroom.
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William murphy couldn't
bring his date back
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to his one-room apartment,
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so he invented a bed
that folded up into the wall,
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converting his bedroom
into a parlor
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to host his love interest.
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A wall of cupboards and closets
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suddenly opens up to reveal
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sleek comfortable
sleeping quarters.
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The wall bed is a great way
to economize on space
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without sacrificing
comfort or style.
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To build the mechanism casing,
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a worker begins by
placing the steel plate
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in a powerful bending machine,
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which is capable of
exerting 55 tons of force.
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Using the square and calipers,
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the worker verifies
that the bend
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is a perfectly uniform
right angle
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and the flange depth
does not exceed
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the specified parameters.
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Once the bending machine
has folded
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all four sides of the plate,
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the worker then mounts it
onto a locator pin
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00:02:01,755 --> 00:02:03,021
in a second press,
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00:02:03,023 --> 00:02:05,524
which descends
and creates a small depression
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around the central opening.
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00:02:12,166 --> 00:02:16,001
This depression will facilitate
the welding process.
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00:02:16,003 --> 00:02:17,870
Using another locator pin,
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00:02:17,872 --> 00:02:23,041
a welder clamps the plate
into a purpose-built jig.
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He then begins welding all
of the necessary components
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00:02:26,013 --> 00:02:28,180
in place.
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He uses a bolt
to correctly locate
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an internal reinforcement plate
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and also welds in
the crucial pivot pin
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on which the mechanism
will hinge.
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The casing plates
are mounted on spacers
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to help speed
the drying process.
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Then a worker spray-paints
them black.
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Once dry, he removes
a protective cap from the pivot.
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It's now time to manufacture
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the wall-mounted
spring mechanism.
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00:03:01,182 --> 00:03:04,917
A worker uses a drill press
outfitted with a countersink
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00:03:04,919 --> 00:03:10,255
to create a beveled recess
around the openings.
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A worker then uses
a specially-designed press
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to install a brass bearing
in one of the openings.
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00:03:17,631 --> 00:03:19,932
The mechanism
is nearly complete.
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00:03:21,936 --> 00:03:27,272
However, there are still several
steps to go in the process.
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Next, a worker brushes grease
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onto the interior
of two mechanism casings.
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He then flips them over
in order to apply
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00:03:35,716 --> 00:03:38,917
a specially-formulated
grease to the pivot pin.
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He slides the bushing over it
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and applies a c-shaped
locking washer.
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An s-shaped stop will lock
the mechanism in place
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until the bed is installed.
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The spring-unit assemblage will
provide the resistance required
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00:03:59,807 --> 00:04:02,708
to help smoothly raise
and lower the bed.
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00:04:04,845 --> 00:04:10,449
A locking pin secures one end
of the spring unit in place.
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The worker adds the bottom
plate of the unit,
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which includes a threaded bolt.
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A nut threaded onto it
can be tightened or loosened
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00:04:19,460 --> 00:04:23,128
to adjust
the mechanism's tension.
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The wall-mounted
spring mechanism
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is ready to be installed.
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It's designed to connect
to this bed-mounted component.
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00:04:33,274 --> 00:04:34,773
Once mounted to the bed,
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00:04:34,775 --> 00:04:37,042
the two components
work together,
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00:04:37,044 --> 00:04:40,646
allowing the user to easily
raise and lower the bed.
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00:04:43,350 --> 00:04:46,518
A worker quickly installs
the bed-mounted component
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using pre-drilled holes,
bolts, and locking nuts.
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He installs the wall bed's legs
in the same way,
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following a pre-drilled
hole pattern
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to locate the component
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00:05:00,301 --> 00:05:01,867
and attach it with bolts,
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locking nuts, and screws.
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The legs fold down when
the bed is being used
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and tuck out of the way
when the bed folds up.
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The manufacturers
can now package
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the fully-assembled wall beds
for transport
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to their destinations.
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Installing the wall bed
requires some muscle,
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but once the two components
of the spring mechanism
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are connected,
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00:05:31,198 --> 00:05:33,665
lowering the bed
onto its fold-away legs
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is a piece of cake.
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This s-shaped stop
ensures the mechanism
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won't accidentally flip up.
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Once it's removed,
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the bed easily rises.
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The legs tuck into position,
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and the bed neatly folds away
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into its hiding spot,
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as though it were never there.
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narrator:
Several american towns claim to
be the birthplace of the sundae.
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Sundaes first appeared
in the 1880s,
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when the sale of ice cream sodas
was banned on sundays.
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Instead, soda-fountain operators
poured soda syrup on ice cream,
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added toppings, and called
this new treat the sundae.
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today, ice cream sundaes come
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pre-made and frozen
in individual servings.
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There's no need to wait.
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This decadent dessert can be
served up in an instant.
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At the sundae factory,
productions starts
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with something called
the white base mix.
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It's a pasteurized blend
of fresh cream, milk,
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and a variety of sweeteners.
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A worker adds a blend
of yellow coloring
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to the white base mix,
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00:07:00,654 --> 00:07:02,621
and this takes it
from bright white
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00:07:02,623 --> 00:07:04,122
to an off-white.
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A generous helping
of pure vanilla extract
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lends a distinctive flavor
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and adds extra color
to the cream base.
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00:07:13,967 --> 00:07:18,503
After a final stir, the mix is
ready for a freezing process,
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during which, air will be added
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to turn the mix
into soft ice cream.
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It's time to cue the containers.
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Two at a time, individual-sized
sundae cups move forward
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on the production line.
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They meet up with
the ice cream dispenser.
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It automatically pumps
precise amounts
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of the soft vanilla ice cream
into the cups.
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00:07:47,568 --> 00:07:49,968
It fills the cups
to the 3/4 mark,
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00:07:49,970 --> 00:07:52,437
leaving plenty of room
for toppings.
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00:07:54,842 --> 00:07:56,274
It's now time to prepare
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00:07:56,276 --> 00:07:58,844
the next layer
of deliciousness --
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the chocolate fudge sauce.
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00:08:01,348 --> 00:08:02,948
A worker mixes skim milk
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and sweeteners
to a frothy consistency,
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00:08:05,686 --> 00:08:11,089
and then adds several large bags
of dark rich cocoa.
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00:08:11,091 --> 00:08:14,359
The mixer paddle agitates
the ingredients to distribute
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00:08:14,361 --> 00:08:16,895
the cocoa evenly throughout.
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00:08:20,033 --> 00:08:22,868
The chocolate fudge is pumped
into a plastic tote
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to cool overnight.
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During cooling,
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00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:29,307
the sauce thickens up
substantially.
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00:08:32,412 --> 00:08:35,780
It's now a rich
chocolate fudge syrup.
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00:08:35,782 --> 00:08:39,518
Velvety smooth, the chocolate
syrup flows out of the tote
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00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:41,419
and into a big tank.
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00:08:43,223 --> 00:08:46,558
From there, nozzles dispense
the chocolate fudge syrup
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onto the vanilla ice cream
in the cups.
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00:08:51,098 --> 00:08:53,899
Next, a worker pours
a liquid-topping blend
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00:08:53,901 --> 00:08:55,967
into a high-speed mixer system
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00:08:55,969 --> 00:08:58,470
that beats it
to a whipped consistency.
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00:09:01,408 --> 00:09:03,441
Nozzles deposit
the whipped topping
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00:09:03,443 --> 00:09:07,178
onto the syrup-covered
ice cream.
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00:09:07,180 --> 00:09:09,748
Now it's time to add
some chocolate crunch
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00:09:09,750 --> 00:09:12,117
to the smooth, sweet sundae.
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00:09:14,087 --> 00:09:16,922
The system sprinkles
semi-sweet chocolate chunks
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00:09:16,924 --> 00:09:20,258
onto the whipped topping.
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00:09:20,260 --> 00:09:23,094
It's the final touch.
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These single-serve
chocolate sundaes
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have been prepared
almost entirely by machines.
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A conveyor now sends them
through an icy blast of air
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for a quick freeze.
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Exiting the freezer, the frozen
sundaes travel forward,
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shielded by overhead guards
for food-safety reasons.
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The sundaes funnel
into a single-file lane.
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00:09:49,723 --> 00:09:52,390
This positions them
to receive lids.
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The lids slide down a chute
and land on top
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00:09:57,998 --> 00:10:01,066
of the ice cream sundae cups.
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00:10:01,068 --> 00:10:03,802
Rollers press the lids
down on the rims.
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00:10:06,306 --> 00:10:10,775
A revolving apparatus deposits
plastic collars around the lids.
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00:10:13,814 --> 00:10:17,215
Moving forward, the machinery
sorts the sundae cups
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in row of two.
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00:10:19,052 --> 00:10:21,553
This allows a robot
with suctioning arms
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00:10:21,555 --> 00:10:23,521
to pick up six at a time
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00:10:23,523 --> 00:10:27,859
and pack them
into a cardboard box.
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00:10:27,861 --> 00:10:30,929
The boxes travel under and over
packing tape
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00:10:30,931 --> 00:10:33,131
to seal the tops and bottoms.
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00:10:36,970 --> 00:10:41,406
Incredibly, this factory
produces 1,440 ice cream
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00:10:41,408 --> 00:10:45,143
sundae cups every 15 minutes.
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00:10:45,145 --> 00:10:49,781
And it's all thanks to
the magic of mechanization.
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This company also produces tubs
of flavored ice cream,
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so there are many
mouth-watering choices
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to be made
at dessert time.
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00:11:15,375 --> 00:11:18,610
narrator: Digital painting is
a relatively new medium.
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00:11:18,612 --> 00:11:20,278
It's an artistic hybrid that
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00:11:20,280 --> 00:11:22,380
marries modern
computer technology
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00:11:22,382 --> 00:11:25,617
with traditional painting
by hand on canvas.
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00:11:25,619 --> 00:11:28,987
Today, some photography studios
offer digital painting
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as a way to transform
photographic portraits
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00:11:31,692 --> 00:11:33,525
into painted portraits.
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This specialized photographer
offers digital painting
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to enhance original portraits
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00:11:43,804 --> 00:11:47,172
and cherished snapshots.
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00:11:47,174 --> 00:11:49,074
His studio also specializes
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in creating life-story collages.
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00:11:52,045 --> 00:11:53,745
The in-house artist assembles
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photos and illustrations,
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00:11:55,682 --> 00:11:56,681
depicting elements
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of the subject's lifetime.
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00:11:59,553 --> 00:12:02,287
She scans and digitizes photos
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which are not already digital.
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She manually retouches
every image with a digital pen
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00:12:08,829 --> 00:12:11,596
and tablet
to maximize the quality.
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00:12:18,438 --> 00:12:21,740
Then she begins working
on the layout of the collage.
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00:12:25,479 --> 00:12:27,645
Once she has finalized
the layout,
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00:12:27,647 --> 00:12:30,014
she blends the edges
of each image
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so that the elements
flow seamlessly
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00:12:32,152 --> 00:12:33,451
into each other.
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00:12:35,422 --> 00:12:39,557
Now the artist begins
digitally painting.
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00:12:39,559 --> 00:12:42,994
She chooses from a selection
of brush shapes and sizes,
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00:12:42,996 --> 00:12:45,263
and from a myriad of colors.
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00:12:51,605 --> 00:12:54,739
She applies digital paint
to blur the hard lines
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of the photographs
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00:12:56,009 --> 00:12:59,043
to make them look more
like painted images.
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00:13:03,717 --> 00:13:04,983
This painting process
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00:13:04,985 --> 00:13:09,754
takes several hours
of painstaking work.
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She sends the digital painting
to the lab technician
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00:13:12,626 --> 00:13:15,860
who prepares to print
the work onto a canvas.
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00:13:18,398 --> 00:13:21,132
First, he tweaks
the entire painting,
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00:13:21,134 --> 00:13:24,035
balancing the brightness
and the colors.
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00:13:31,077 --> 00:13:33,011
He prints a small test sample
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00:13:33,013 --> 00:13:35,947
on canvas.
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00:13:35,949 --> 00:13:37,582
Both the technician
and the artist
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00:13:37,584 --> 00:13:41,586
meticulously examine the sample
under magnification,
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00:13:41,588 --> 00:13:44,789
looking for any painting
or printing errors.
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00:13:44,791 --> 00:13:46,524
If everything is perfect,
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00:13:46,526 --> 00:13:50,628
the technician installs a large
canvas roll on the printer.
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00:13:50,630 --> 00:13:53,565
The machine prints,
not with regular inks,
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00:13:53,567 --> 00:13:55,099
but with archival pigments,
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00:13:55,101 --> 00:13:58,937
which last for centuries.
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00:13:58,939 --> 00:14:00,471
After each pass,
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00:14:00,473 --> 00:14:02,140
the head waits six seconds
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00:14:02,142 --> 00:14:04,075
to let the pigments dry.
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00:14:04,077 --> 00:14:08,680
This prevents them from smearing
on the next pass.
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00:14:08,682 --> 00:14:12,317
A digital painting this size
takes five hours to print.
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00:14:14,387 --> 00:14:17,355
The pigments must dry
for 72 hours
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to ensure they're embedded
into the canvas.
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00:14:20,360 --> 00:14:23,728
Then the technician applies
a coat of stabilizing lacquer
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00:14:23,730 --> 00:14:25,697
to protect
the surface from damage
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00:14:25,699 --> 00:14:29,734
caused by ultraviolet rays
or handling.
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00:14:29,736 --> 00:14:32,704
The lacquer takes about
an hour to dry.
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00:14:32,706 --> 00:14:34,772
Then they can safely
mount the canvas
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00:14:34,774 --> 00:14:37,542
on a stretcher frame.
239
00:14:37,544 --> 00:14:40,278
The workers pull it tight
with special pliers
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00:14:40,280 --> 00:14:42,247
and then staple it down.
241
00:14:44,984 --> 00:14:48,019
They cut the corners
to facilitate framing.
242
00:14:50,056 --> 00:14:52,957
The artist applies a white gel
with thicker brush strokes
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00:14:52,959 --> 00:14:54,626
in some areas
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00:14:54,628 --> 00:14:58,263
and thinner ones in others.
245
00:14:58,265 --> 00:15:01,799
This gives the print
the texture of a painting.
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00:15:01,801 --> 00:15:06,871
The gel turns clear
as it dries for 24 hours.
247
00:15:06,873 --> 00:15:09,574
Then the artist paints
the entire printed canvas
248
00:15:09,576 --> 00:15:11,910
with acrylic paints.
249
00:15:11,912 --> 00:15:14,779
As she applies shading
and creates depth,
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00:15:14,781 --> 00:15:18,950
the painting gradually
comes alive.
251
00:15:18,952 --> 00:15:22,820
When she finishes,
she signs her work.
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00:15:22,822 --> 00:15:25,490
In about an hour,
the paint is dry
253
00:15:25,492 --> 00:15:28,526
and the digital painting is
ready for framing.
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00:15:33,900 --> 00:15:37,435
She inserts a personalized
certificate of authenticity,
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00:15:37,437 --> 00:15:40,438
stating that this is
a one-of-a-kind work,
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00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:42,907
and applies the photography
studio's label
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on the back of the canvas.
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Whether it's a
creatively-crafted collage
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or produced from
a simple photograph,
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00:15:51,217 --> 00:15:54,285
a digital painting
immortalizes precious moments
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00:15:54,287 --> 00:15:56,754
captured by the camera lens.
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narrator: At some point
in 19th-century England,
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a new game evolved
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that took its name from
the duke of beaufort's
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00:16:16,509 --> 00:16:17,942
badminton house.
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00:16:17,944 --> 00:16:20,078
Badminton soon became
all the rage
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among british officers in india.
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00:16:22,582 --> 00:16:26,384
Today, fans believe the game is
faster and harder than tennis,
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00:16:26,386 --> 00:16:28,419
its long-time rival.
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00:16:31,891 --> 00:16:33,825
To create
the carbon-fiber shafts
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00:16:33,827 --> 00:16:35,560
of the badminton racquets,
272
00:16:35,562 --> 00:16:37,528
the manufacturer
follows a series
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00:16:37,530 --> 00:16:41,532
of meticulously-defined
production steps.
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00:16:41,534 --> 00:16:43,935
The process begins
by tightly wrapping
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00:16:43,937 --> 00:16:46,404
a carbon-fiber fabric,
called prepreg,
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00:16:46,406 --> 00:16:49,307
multiple times around
a metal cylinder.
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00:16:49,309 --> 00:16:52,010
A worker encases
the fabric in plastic
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00:16:52,012 --> 00:16:54,512
to hold the prepreg in place.
279
00:16:54,514 --> 00:16:57,181
Then he suspends the cylinders
from a rack
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00:16:57,183 --> 00:16:59,183
and rolls them into an oven.
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00:17:01,855 --> 00:17:05,790
The heating process transforms
the wrapped prepreg
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into solid lightweight
and super-strong
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00:17:08,094 --> 00:17:10,595
carbon-fiber material.
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00:17:10,597 --> 00:17:13,164
This specialized device
removes the cylinder
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00:17:13,166 --> 00:17:14,732
from the carbon fiber,
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leaving a hollow shaft.
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00:17:17,470 --> 00:17:20,171
Here, we can see the stages
of production required
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00:17:20,173 --> 00:17:24,742
to create the hollow
carbon-fiber shaft.
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00:17:24,744 --> 00:17:28,346
In the next stage of production,
a worker begins the process
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00:17:28,348 --> 00:17:31,149
of manufacturing
the racquet frame.
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00:17:31,151 --> 00:17:33,084
She starts with
a different formulation
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00:17:33,086 --> 00:17:34,786
of prepreg material,
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00:17:34,788 --> 00:17:37,221
which she folds
into thin strips.
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00:17:39,726 --> 00:17:43,828
The key is to make sure
each strip is identical.
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00:17:43,830 --> 00:17:45,096
In the next phase,
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00:17:45,098 --> 00:17:48,733
a worker wraps the strip
around a purpose-built mold
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00:17:48,735 --> 00:17:51,202
to create the shape
of a racquet frame.
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00:17:54,574 --> 00:17:58,309
She introduces the carbon-fiber
shaft into the mold.
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00:17:58,311 --> 00:18:01,379
The racquet is taking shape.
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00:18:01,381 --> 00:18:03,047
Another piece of carbon fiber
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00:18:03,049 --> 00:18:06,451
forms the joint between them.
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00:18:06,453 --> 00:18:08,920
The frame-shaped
prepreg carbon fiber
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then goes into
a shaping machine,
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00:18:11,124 --> 00:18:13,691
and the lid closes.
305
00:18:13,693 --> 00:18:17,161
The shaping machine heats
and then cools the prepreg
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00:18:17,163 --> 00:18:19,530
over the course
of about 30 minutes.
307
00:18:21,468 --> 00:18:23,101
A worker lifts the lid
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00:18:23,103 --> 00:18:25,570
and removes the fully-formed
racquet frame,
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00:18:25,572 --> 00:18:27,338
which has excess resin.
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00:18:30,677 --> 00:18:33,177
Resin holds the carbon fibers
together
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before the curing process.
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00:18:35,181 --> 00:18:37,148
Heating expels the resin,
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00:18:37,150 --> 00:18:40,585
which must then be removed.
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00:18:40,587 --> 00:18:43,321
A narrow bit drills
the first sequence of holes
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00:18:43,323 --> 00:18:44,856
in an offset pattern
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00:18:44,858 --> 00:18:47,291
to make the racquet
easier to string.
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00:18:49,562 --> 00:18:52,563
A larger-gauge bit drills
holes large enough
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00:18:52,565 --> 00:18:55,099
to permit two strings
to pass through.
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00:18:57,804 --> 00:19:01,339
Quality-control inspectors
choose a racquet frame at random
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00:19:01,341 --> 00:19:03,441
to test how much
pressure it can bear
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00:19:03,443 --> 00:19:05,710
before it reaches
the breaking point.
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00:19:10,650 --> 00:19:13,084
It's finally time to add
the wooden handle
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00:19:13,086 --> 00:19:16,454
and cap to the shaft
and put everything together.
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00:19:19,526 --> 00:19:21,826
The racquets head for
the painting department,
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00:19:21,828 --> 00:19:24,595
where they receive a base coat.
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00:19:24,597 --> 00:19:29,000
Then workers meticulously apply
a series of decals.
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00:19:29,002 --> 00:19:30,735
The decals soak in water
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00:19:30,737 --> 00:19:33,271
to make it easier
to remove the backing.
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00:19:38,778 --> 00:19:41,179
A worker slides each hole
over a pin
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00:19:41,181 --> 00:19:43,781
at the base
of a nailing machine.
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00:19:43,783 --> 00:19:46,150
The machine nails
specially-designed grommets
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00:19:46,152 --> 00:19:47,652
into the holes.
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00:19:50,557 --> 00:19:53,024
The grommets are slightly
too long to ensure
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00:19:53,026 --> 00:19:56,861
they can be cut perfectly flush
to the frame by this machine.
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00:20:00,633 --> 00:20:04,068
In a two-part process,
this pressing machine heats
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00:20:04,070 --> 00:20:06,704
and then presses the cut side
of the grommets
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00:20:06,706 --> 00:20:08,206
to smooth them out.
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00:20:11,678 --> 00:20:15,713
A worker carefully clamps the
racquet into a winding machine
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00:20:15,715 --> 00:20:17,949
and brushes glue
onto the handle.
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00:20:20,653 --> 00:20:25,389
She then secures one end
of the handle wrap at the base,
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00:20:25,391 --> 00:20:28,626
and uses a foot pedal to begin
turning the racquet.
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00:20:30,330 --> 00:20:33,497
Maintaining the steady tension
at the correct angle,
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00:20:33,499 --> 00:20:35,299
she winds the wrapping
all the way up
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00:20:35,301 --> 00:20:37,501
to the beginning of the shaft.
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00:20:42,775 --> 00:20:45,810
She secures the top end
of the wrapping with tape.
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00:20:47,847 --> 00:20:51,449
A laser quickly and accurately
burns the product I.D. Number
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00:20:51,451 --> 00:20:54,585
into the shaft.
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00:20:54,587 --> 00:20:58,022
A quality-control inspector
clamps the completed racquet
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00:20:58,024 --> 00:21:00,625
into a precision-
engineered device,
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00:21:00,627 --> 00:21:03,461
designed to measure its weight,
swing weight,
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00:21:03,463 --> 00:21:07,498
and balance point
with incredible accuracy.
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00:21:07,500 --> 00:21:09,533
The racquets made
by this manufacturer
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00:21:09,535 --> 00:21:11,302
come in different sizes,
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00:21:11,304 --> 00:21:14,639
suited to every level
of badminton player.
27490
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