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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:53,387 --> 00:00:55,954 In the first half of the 20th century, 2 00:00:55,956 --> 00:00:58,190 power steering was not an option. 3 00:00:58,192 --> 00:01:01,093 Prototypes were too expensive for production. 4 00:01:01,095 --> 00:01:04,163 During world war ii, the british and american armies 5 00:01:04,165 --> 00:01:05,764 began to use power steering 6 00:01:05,766 --> 00:01:08,400 in heavy vehicles like armored cars, 7 00:01:08,402 --> 00:01:11,970 and auto makers soon began adding it to passenger vehicles. 8 00:01:14,508 --> 00:01:16,208 These hydraulic steering pumps 9 00:01:16,210 --> 00:01:18,911 are the steering muscle in muscle cars, 10 00:01:18,913 --> 00:01:22,714 providing a power assist to give the driver more control. 11 00:01:24,919 --> 00:01:28,654 Using computer software, manufacturers design the pumps 12 00:01:28,656 --> 00:01:31,523 to fit specific classes of vehicles. 13 00:01:31,525 --> 00:01:34,927 They print a plastic model using a 3-d printer. 14 00:01:34,929 --> 00:01:38,263 This is a time-lapse video of the process. 15 00:01:38,265 --> 00:01:41,500 The designer removes the plastic model and he sends it, 16 00:01:41,502 --> 00:01:44,837 along with the computer design, to a casting facility, 17 00:01:44,839 --> 00:01:49,041 which produces aluminum pump-housing parts. 18 00:01:49,043 --> 00:01:51,243 Back at the factory, a worker mounts 19 00:01:51,245 --> 00:01:53,245 12 of the castings in a machine 20 00:01:53,247 --> 00:01:55,314 with computer-controlled tooling. 21 00:01:57,618 --> 00:01:59,218 He activates the system, 22 00:01:59,220 --> 00:02:03,555 and it moves the rack of castings into position. 23 00:02:03,557 --> 00:02:07,159 The tools machine the face of the castings. 24 00:02:07,161 --> 00:02:09,428 They bore center-bearing holes and drill 25 00:02:09,430 --> 00:02:13,365 threaded holes for bolts. 26 00:02:13,367 --> 00:02:16,635 This is precision work, which will now be double-checked 27 00:02:16,637 --> 00:02:21,306 by a device known as a coordinate measuring machine. 28 00:02:21,308 --> 00:02:24,743 A worker clamps the pump housing in the machine. 29 00:02:24,745 --> 00:02:28,847 Then, a ruby-tipped probe scans its dimensions. 30 00:02:28,849 --> 00:02:31,483 The machine analyzes the information. 31 00:02:31,485 --> 00:02:34,052 It verifies that every part of the housing meets 32 00:02:34,054 --> 00:02:36,155 the precise specifications. 33 00:02:40,661 --> 00:02:45,497 with that confirmation, he unclamps the part. 34 00:02:45,499 --> 00:02:48,867 This is the pump housing in the various stages of production. 35 00:02:52,540 --> 00:02:55,007 other tools turn a solid aluminum dowel 36 00:02:55,009 --> 00:02:58,143 into a fitting for the pump's pressure bore. 37 00:02:58,145 --> 00:02:59,912 They sculpt the circumference 38 00:02:59,914 --> 00:03:02,948 and carve a complex geometry in the center 39 00:03:02,950 --> 00:03:07,452 for controlling the flow of power steering fluid. 40 00:03:07,454 --> 00:03:10,222 Another tool carves the thread to screw the fitting 41 00:03:10,224 --> 00:03:11,690 into the pressure bore, 42 00:03:11,692 --> 00:03:15,627 and the final one drills the fluid bypass hole. 43 00:03:15,629 --> 00:03:19,565 A blue anodized coating protects it from corrosion. 44 00:03:19,567 --> 00:03:23,468 A worker now locks the pump housing in a honing machine. 45 00:03:23,470 --> 00:03:26,805 The machine floods the pressure relief bore with lubricant 46 00:03:26,807 --> 00:03:32,077 as the stone hones the inner diameter to a precise tolerance. 47 00:03:32,079 --> 00:03:35,647 He then transfers the pump housing to a press. 48 00:03:35,649 --> 00:03:39,551 He inserts a bearing and shaft in the center bore. 49 00:03:39,553 --> 00:03:42,955 He places an aluminum tool over the bearing and shaft 50 00:03:42,957 --> 00:03:44,590 to align them correctly 51 00:03:44,592 --> 00:03:48,594 as he manually presses them into the bore. 52 00:03:48,596 --> 00:03:51,196 Once the bearing has been solidly entrenched, 53 00:03:51,198 --> 00:03:53,432 he removes the tool. 54 00:03:53,434 --> 00:03:56,101 He inserts a metal snap ring in a groove 55 00:03:56,103 --> 00:04:00,038 to retain the bearing and shaft. 56 00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:03,742 He turns the power steering pump over an installs o-rings 57 00:04:03,744 --> 00:04:05,677 to seal the pressure section. 58 00:04:09,383 --> 00:04:11,917 then the worker installs the cam ring 59 00:04:11,919 --> 00:04:15,687 and the rotor with the veins. 60 00:04:15,689 --> 00:04:19,024 As the rotor spins, the veins will move in and out, 61 00:04:19,026 --> 00:04:20,626 collecting hydraulic fluid. 62 00:04:20,628 --> 00:04:22,527 This process adds pressure, 63 00:04:22,529 --> 00:04:25,397 taking the load off the steering wheel. 64 00:04:25,399 --> 00:04:28,033 The worker installs this critical sub-assembly 65 00:04:28,035 --> 00:04:31,470 in the pump housing. 66 00:04:31,472 --> 00:04:34,606 He screws the device in place in the four corners. 67 00:04:38,445 --> 00:04:40,679 he turns the power steering pump over 68 00:04:40,681 --> 00:04:42,714 and seals the end of the pressure bore 69 00:04:42,716 --> 00:04:45,517 with an aluminum plug and copper washer. 70 00:04:51,525 --> 00:04:53,525 he now tucks the pressure relief valve 71 00:04:53,527 --> 00:04:57,663 in the open part of the pressure bore. 72 00:04:57,665 --> 00:04:59,831 He secures it with the special flow fitting 73 00:04:59,833 --> 00:05:02,100 we saw machined earlier on. 74 00:05:06,540 --> 00:05:09,074 he tightens the fitting with a torque wrench. 75 00:05:11,545 --> 00:05:14,646 He turns the power steering pump onto its side. 76 00:05:16,717 --> 00:05:18,950 He attaches a fitting to the intake port 77 00:05:18,952 --> 00:05:20,919 for the hydraulic fluid. 78 00:05:20,921 --> 00:05:22,954 The power steering pump is now equipped 79 00:05:22,956 --> 00:05:24,823 with all the working parts. 80 00:05:27,428 --> 00:05:29,928 Here's a look at the transformation. 81 00:05:29,930 --> 00:05:33,465 A display model with a cutout offers a peak inside. 82 00:05:35,502 --> 00:05:36,735 At the test station, 83 00:05:36,737 --> 00:05:38,937 a technician makes all the connections 84 00:05:38,939 --> 00:05:42,541 and runs it as if it was in an actual racecar. 85 00:05:42,543 --> 00:05:45,544 A computer measures its performance and confirms 86 00:05:45,546 --> 00:05:49,648 that it meets all the technical requirements. 87 00:05:49,650 --> 00:05:52,484 The power steering pump is now ready for the twists 88 00:05:52,486 --> 00:05:55,053 and turns of professional racing. 89 00:06:11,305 --> 00:06:13,372 narrator: Across asia, rice bowl meals 90 00:06:13,374 --> 00:06:15,407 are an enduring tradition. 91 00:06:15,409 --> 00:06:17,776 By combining protein and vegetable elements 92 00:06:17,778 --> 00:06:20,746 with rice in a bowl, people have a meal. 93 00:06:20,748 --> 00:06:22,447 It's asian comfort food, 94 00:06:22,449 --> 00:06:25,083 and somehow it just tastes better in a bowl. 95 00:06:25,085 --> 00:06:27,252 And people around the world are discovering 96 00:06:27,254 --> 00:06:29,955 the appeal of these one-bowl meals. 97 00:06:32,259 --> 00:06:35,060 Asian bowl meals start with the rice. 98 00:06:35,062 --> 00:06:38,230 Then people add whatever they want. 99 00:06:38,232 --> 00:06:42,067 At food bars like this, there's any number of choices. 100 00:06:42,069 --> 00:06:45,704 The bowls can be served up fast, and the food is healthy. 101 00:06:45,706 --> 00:06:48,507 Because there are many possible combinations, 102 00:06:48,509 --> 00:06:52,010 these one-bowl meals never get boring. 103 00:06:52,012 --> 00:06:54,679 Preparations start with the rice. 104 00:06:54,681 --> 00:06:58,784 This food worker measures enough for 40 portions. 105 00:06:58,786 --> 00:07:01,119 After rinsing the grains repeatedly, 106 00:07:01,121 --> 00:07:04,322 he adds it to a rice cooker. 107 00:07:04,324 --> 00:07:08,260 He then measures the water for cooking. 108 00:07:08,262 --> 00:07:10,262 He adds it to the cooker. 109 00:07:10,264 --> 00:07:15,167 It will steam the grains so they cook uniformly for one hour. 110 00:07:15,169 --> 00:07:17,569 While the rice is cooking, the food worker 111 00:07:17,571 --> 00:07:21,406 then pours peeled garlic cloves into a food processor. 112 00:07:23,377 --> 00:07:25,877 He adds a half cup of vegetable oil. 113 00:07:25,879 --> 00:07:29,581 The garlic will flavor several dishes in the asian food bar. 114 00:07:32,186 --> 00:07:37,255 The food processor chops the garlic to a fine consistency. 115 00:07:37,257 --> 00:07:39,591 Using a mandolin vegetable slicer, 116 00:07:39,593 --> 00:07:43,228 he slices slivers of carrots. 117 00:07:43,230 --> 00:07:44,830 Along with chopped onions, 118 00:07:44,832 --> 00:07:48,366 the carrots will enhance the flavor of fried rice. 119 00:07:48,368 --> 00:07:50,635 He now removes some rice from the cooker, 120 00:07:50,637 --> 00:07:52,838 in order to make fried rice. 121 00:07:52,840 --> 00:07:56,475 He separates the grains so they'll fry more uniformly. 122 00:08:00,013 --> 00:08:02,514 the food worker is now ready to fry. 123 00:08:02,516 --> 00:08:05,750 He heats the wok to a very high temperature. 124 00:08:05,752 --> 00:08:10,288 He adds cooking oil, and it starts to sizzle. 125 00:08:10,290 --> 00:08:12,357 He tosses in the carrot slivers, 126 00:08:12,359 --> 00:08:15,827 chopped onion, garlic and frozen peas. 127 00:08:15,829 --> 00:08:18,263 He constantly stirs the ingredients, 128 00:08:18,265 --> 00:08:22,334 and the flavors sweeten and deepen. 129 00:08:22,336 --> 00:08:25,604 He turns down the heat a bit an adds the rice. 130 00:08:25,606 --> 00:08:28,740 He mixes the rice with the other ingredients as the cooking 131 00:08:28,742 --> 00:08:33,211 continues at a slightly lower temperature. 132 00:08:33,213 --> 00:08:35,013 He measures the temperature. 133 00:08:35,015 --> 00:08:36,481 For food safety reasons, 134 00:08:36,483 --> 00:08:41,186 it needs to be over 143 degrees fahrenheit. 135 00:08:41,188 --> 00:08:44,523 The food worker pours soy sauce onto the hot wok. 136 00:08:44,525 --> 00:08:46,691 It trickles down to permeate the rice, 137 00:08:46,693 --> 00:08:49,060 adding flavor and color. 138 00:08:49,062 --> 00:08:53,331 That completes the fried rice component of the food bar. 139 00:08:53,333 --> 00:08:56,334 Next up are the vegetable and protein choices. 140 00:08:58,105 --> 00:09:01,239 The food worker cubes sushi-grade tuna. 141 00:09:01,241 --> 00:09:04,643 It will be marinated with a spicy saucy shortly. 142 00:09:04,645 --> 00:09:07,279 He places the tuna in a food bar container. 143 00:09:09,349 --> 00:09:12,350 He peels cucumber and then juliennes it. 144 00:09:12,352 --> 00:09:14,553 The cucumber will be a raw food choice 145 00:09:14,555 --> 00:09:17,455 that will offset the strong flavor of the tuna. 146 00:09:19,693 --> 00:09:23,762 The food worker then prepares the tuna's spicy marinade. 147 00:09:23,764 --> 00:09:25,297 He adds chili sauce 148 00:09:25,299 --> 00:09:30,268 and a smaller amount of chili oil to mayonnaise. 149 00:09:30,270 --> 00:09:32,237 It's hot stuff. 150 00:09:35,309 --> 00:09:38,343 a seaweed salad dish is another refreshing choice 151 00:09:38,345 --> 00:09:41,146 that will cool the palate. 152 00:09:41,148 --> 00:09:45,417 He adds the chili mayonnaise to the tuna. 153 00:09:45,419 --> 00:09:47,152 And he turns up the heat a little more 154 00:09:47,154 --> 00:09:49,287 with some extra chili oil. 155 00:09:52,192 --> 00:09:55,527 A thorough mixing completely saturates the raw fish 156 00:09:55,529 --> 00:09:58,630 with the spicy sauce. 157 00:09:58,632 --> 00:10:00,999 Next, the food worker prepares the dressing 158 00:10:01,001 --> 00:10:02,801 for a cabbage salad. 159 00:10:02,803 --> 00:10:05,437 He starts with a white miso paste. 160 00:10:05,439 --> 00:10:08,540 A generous amount of soy sauce follows. 161 00:10:08,542 --> 00:10:13,011 Sushi vinegar and vegetable oil are the next ingredients. 162 00:10:13,013 --> 00:10:17,882 After adding some sesame oil, he blends all the components. 163 00:10:17,884 --> 00:10:21,519 He coats the shredded cabbage with the miso dressing. 164 00:10:21,521 --> 00:10:25,190 He sprinkles black sesame seeds onto the cabbage salad. 165 00:10:27,995 --> 00:10:31,730 Teriyaki beef is the next option. 166 00:10:31,732 --> 00:10:35,367 The main ingredients are shaved filet steak, chopped ginger, 167 00:10:35,369 --> 00:10:37,202 and shredded onion. 168 00:10:37,204 --> 00:10:39,671 The food worker sautés the onion and ginger 169 00:10:39,673 --> 00:10:42,907 to provide a flavor base. 170 00:10:42,909 --> 00:10:45,977 He adds the shaved steak, and as it cooks, 171 00:10:45,979 --> 00:10:48,847 it takes up the essence of the onion and ginger. 172 00:10:53,453 --> 00:10:55,186 the soy-based teriyaki sauce 173 00:10:55,188 --> 00:10:57,789 provides the final layer of flavor. 174 00:11:00,460 --> 00:11:04,462 With this dish now complete, it's time for the fun part -- 175 00:11:04,464 --> 00:11:08,166 mixing and matching components for the asian food bowl. 176 00:11:23,650 --> 00:11:26,217 Narrator: There was a time when an elegant walking cane 177 00:11:26,219 --> 00:11:29,054 was a status symbol for fashionable gentlemen. 178 00:11:29,056 --> 00:11:32,557 Today, a cane is no longer considered an accessory, 179 00:11:32,559 --> 00:11:35,093 but rather a utilitarian medical aid 180 00:11:35,095 --> 00:11:37,195 for people with mobility issues. 181 00:11:37,197 --> 00:11:39,631 However, one can still find canes 182 00:11:39,633 --> 00:11:42,167 which combine both function and fashion. 183 00:11:43,670 --> 00:11:46,571 Walking canes can indeed be stylish, 184 00:11:46,573 --> 00:11:50,475 with straight or crook handles made of exotic wood or bone, 185 00:11:50,477 --> 00:11:54,713 elegant knob handles, or elaborate figurative handles. 186 00:11:54,715 --> 00:11:57,048 This family enterprise has been hand-crafting 187 00:11:57,050 --> 00:12:02,153 walking canes since 1909. 188 00:12:02,155 --> 00:12:06,024 Making a crook handle requires bending the handle material. 189 00:12:06,026 --> 00:12:09,094 After heating a curved steel form in a fire, 190 00:12:09,096 --> 00:12:12,731 workers insert a square stick of ebony in a steel spring 191 00:12:12,733 --> 00:12:16,201 and mount it on the central axis of the machine. 192 00:12:16,203 --> 00:12:19,337 The clamp the machine's guide wheel against the form, 193 00:12:19,339 --> 00:12:22,607 then clamp the part of the stick that will remain straight. 194 00:12:25,779 --> 00:12:27,412 Using their body weight, 195 00:12:27,414 --> 00:12:30,248 the worker forces the machine's lever forward, 196 00:12:30,250 --> 00:12:31,816 wrapping the top part of the stick 197 00:12:31,818 --> 00:12:34,085 around the hot, curved form. 198 00:12:39,025 --> 00:12:41,993 it's critical to do this slowly to prevent the wood 199 00:12:41,995 --> 00:12:44,529 from snapping. 200 00:12:46,933 --> 00:12:50,869 Workers then lock the bent stick against the form with a brace... 201 00:12:53,874 --> 00:12:55,874 And remove it from the machine. 202 00:13:00,881 --> 00:13:04,983 they set it aside for a week. 203 00:13:04,985 --> 00:13:08,253 One week later, they remove the brace and spring 204 00:13:08,255 --> 00:13:10,955 and mount the curved stick on a lathe. 205 00:13:10,957 --> 00:13:14,626 As the stick spins, a carriage moves a saw down 206 00:13:14,628 --> 00:13:18,062 the straight part of the cane, known as the shaft, 207 00:13:18,064 --> 00:13:20,999 reducing the diameter and rounding it out. 208 00:13:23,170 --> 00:13:26,337 This is the shaft before and after this step. 209 00:13:33,880 --> 00:13:36,815 a worker runs the handle against a coarse grit 210 00:13:36,817 --> 00:13:40,785 sanding belt to pare it down and begin rounding it out. 211 00:13:43,623 --> 00:13:47,125 He uses a router to refine the shape and works on the 212 00:13:47,127 --> 00:13:50,128 harder-to-access inner part of the curve. 213 00:13:54,100 --> 00:13:55,834 once the handle is rounded, 214 00:13:55,836 --> 00:13:58,469 and its diameter equal to that of the shaft, 215 00:13:58,471 --> 00:14:01,005 he performs a final fine sanding. 216 00:14:11,685 --> 00:14:15,653 then he polishes the entire cane with polishing compound 217 00:14:15,655 --> 00:14:17,989 against a cotton buffing wheel. 218 00:14:22,929 --> 00:14:27,432 slowly but surely, this makes the ebony sleek and lustrous. 219 00:14:31,938 --> 00:14:34,839 all wooden canes -- these here are made of maple -- 220 00:14:34,841 --> 00:14:38,309 warp a bit during woodworking. 221 00:14:38,311 --> 00:14:41,880 Another worker heats the cane to make the wood flexible, 222 00:14:41,882 --> 00:14:44,883 then inserts it in a v-shaped holder 223 00:14:44,885 --> 00:14:47,085 and peers down the length of the shaft 224 00:14:47,087 --> 00:14:49,988 to assess the direction of the deformity. 225 00:14:49,990 --> 00:14:52,724 Then he manually straightens out the cane. 226 00:14:55,228 --> 00:15:00,031 These canes undergo a final step to add a decorative feature. 227 00:15:00,033 --> 00:15:02,901 A worker sands off some wood on the crook handle, 228 00:15:02,903 --> 00:15:05,937 creating a flat, oval surface. 229 00:15:05,939 --> 00:15:09,974 He applies glue, then he adheres a piece of cow horn. 230 00:15:11,945 --> 00:15:13,645 Once the glue dries, 231 00:15:13,647 --> 00:15:16,614 he grinds the horn flush with the surrounding wood. 232 00:15:21,922 --> 00:15:24,355 the result is a horn inlay. 233 00:15:26,826 --> 00:15:28,660 Wooden canes also need protection 234 00:15:28,662 --> 00:15:31,262 against moisture and wear. 235 00:15:31,264 --> 00:15:34,766 The factory submerges them in varnish for a half hour, 236 00:15:34,768 --> 00:15:36,768 so that the varnish deeply penetrates 237 00:15:36,770 --> 00:15:39,871 the pores of the wood. 238 00:15:39,873 --> 00:15:43,608 Hanging the canes to dry would leave varnish drip marks, 239 00:15:43,610 --> 00:15:46,444 so the factory uses this ingenious pulley-driven 240 00:15:46,446 --> 00:15:50,982 contraption that dates back to the 1900s. 241 00:15:50,984 --> 00:15:53,318 With its wood wheels and leather belts, 242 00:15:53,320 --> 00:15:56,554 the machine continuously rotates the canes 243 00:15:56,556 --> 00:16:00,224 to prevent the wet varnish from dripping as it air dries. 244 00:16:03,096 --> 00:16:06,064 That's how to make a wooden crook-handled cane. 245 00:16:06,066 --> 00:16:08,900 As you'll see next, fancier walking canes 246 00:16:08,902 --> 00:16:10,902 require additional steps. 247 00:16:25,418 --> 00:16:28,486 Narrator: Whether it's decorated with ornately carved wood, 248 00:16:28,488 --> 00:16:33,091 sleek horn or gleaning metal, brandishing a fancy walking cane 249 00:16:33,093 --> 00:16:35,994 is like wearing a bold pair of eyeglasses. 250 00:16:35,996 --> 00:16:38,696 What might otherwise be a bland necessity 251 00:16:38,698 --> 00:16:41,399 can be elevated to a fashion statement. 252 00:16:45,271 --> 00:16:48,339 Elegant canes can have horn or knob handles, 253 00:16:48,341 --> 00:16:51,409 or silver-plated figural handles. 254 00:16:51,411 --> 00:16:55,013 The figural ones are molded two at a time. 255 00:16:55,015 --> 00:16:58,149 After placing a screw mechanism in each cavity, 256 00:16:58,151 --> 00:16:59,917 a worker closes the mold 257 00:16:59,919 --> 00:17:02,820 and places it in a centrifuge machine. 258 00:17:02,822 --> 00:17:07,025 As the mold spins, he ladles pewter into a funnel 259 00:17:07,027 --> 00:17:10,862 that feeds the channels leading into the mould cavities. 260 00:17:10,864 --> 00:17:14,298 The centrifugal force shoots the pewter onto the cavity walls 261 00:17:14,300 --> 00:17:16,134 in an even layer, 262 00:17:16,136 --> 00:17:19,737 where it cools and solidifies in about five minutes. 263 00:17:19,739 --> 00:17:24,008 Then he stops the machine and removes the mould. 264 00:17:24,010 --> 00:17:26,377 The worker opens the mold and extracts 265 00:17:26,379 --> 00:17:28,346 the two pewter castings, 266 00:17:28,348 --> 00:17:33,184 each with it's screw mechanism securely embedded. 267 00:17:33,186 --> 00:17:35,520 One is a cobra handle. 268 00:17:35,522 --> 00:17:37,922 The other is a dog and boar handle. 269 00:17:40,293 --> 00:17:42,493 They require a bit of refinement, 270 00:17:42,495 --> 00:17:45,196 so the next step is to remove the excess metal 271 00:17:45,198 --> 00:17:47,398 with a rotating wire brush. 272 00:17:49,803 --> 00:17:51,803 A worker then shines up the surface 273 00:17:51,805 --> 00:17:53,638 with some polishing compound 274 00:17:53,640 --> 00:17:55,640 and a cloth buffing wheel. 275 00:18:01,147 --> 00:18:03,481 he washes off the polishing compound 276 00:18:03,483 --> 00:18:05,450 and silver-plates the pewter. 277 00:18:08,521 --> 00:18:12,924 The handle will top an equally elegant ebony shaft. 278 00:18:12,926 --> 00:18:15,927 A worker places the square stick of ebony in a lathe, 279 00:18:15,929 --> 00:18:17,762 which rounds it. 280 00:18:24,037 --> 00:18:27,805 the shaft goes through several sanding and polishing steps. 281 00:18:30,877 --> 00:18:33,277 Then a worker drills a two-inch-deep hole 282 00:18:33,279 --> 00:18:34,812 in the top of it. 283 00:18:39,018 --> 00:18:42,353 He puts some glue in the hole and screws in the handle. 284 00:18:49,162 --> 00:18:52,230 if silver-plated cobras aren't your style, 285 00:18:52,232 --> 00:18:55,766 how about a handle made of white cow horn? 286 00:18:55,768 --> 00:19:00,304 First, a worker heats all but the tip of the horn in a fire. 287 00:19:00,306 --> 00:19:04,175 This destroy the nerves in the bone inside the horn's shell. 288 00:19:06,146 --> 00:19:08,746 This horn will be shaped into a crooked handle 289 00:19:08,748 --> 00:19:11,182 using the same bending machine the workers use 290 00:19:11,184 --> 00:19:13,751 for wood crook handles. 291 00:19:13,753 --> 00:19:15,620 The base of the horn is hot, 292 00:19:15,622 --> 00:19:20,324 so they use a small block of wood as a buffer. 293 00:19:20,326 --> 00:19:22,426 After clamping the machine's guide wheel 294 00:19:22,428 --> 00:19:24,428 against the middle of the horn, 295 00:19:24,430 --> 00:19:28,099 they use their body weight to move the lever forward, 296 00:19:28,101 --> 00:19:31,502 and wrap the top half of the horn against the curved form. 297 00:19:38,978 --> 00:19:41,379 before heating the horn, the worker drilled 298 00:19:41,381 --> 00:19:44,148 a small hole through its tip. 299 00:19:44,150 --> 00:19:48,052 Now he inserts a thin steel wire through that hole and ties 300 00:19:48,054 --> 00:19:50,621 the wire tightly around the opposite side 301 00:19:50,623 --> 00:19:53,191 to hold the horn to the round form. 302 00:19:53,193 --> 00:19:55,259 He sets it aside for a week. 303 00:19:58,431 --> 00:20:02,066 A horn handle undergoes the same multi-step sanding process 304 00:20:02,068 --> 00:20:04,669 as a wood handle, however, 305 00:20:04,671 --> 00:20:07,071 a worker drills a hole into the bottom 306 00:20:07,073 --> 00:20:09,540 and screws in an aluminum rod. 307 00:20:09,542 --> 00:20:12,944 This makes the handle easier to hold while sanding. 308 00:20:17,951 --> 00:20:20,851 the worker removes the final traces of the outer layer 309 00:20:20,853 --> 00:20:24,722 with a router and finalizes the crook's shape. 310 00:20:33,900 --> 00:20:36,334 he removes the handle from the metal rod 311 00:20:36,336 --> 00:20:39,937 and finishes it off with a fine sanding. 312 00:20:39,939 --> 00:20:42,840 The horn surface is now as smooth as silk. 313 00:20:50,216 --> 00:20:53,417 he then polishes the handle on a cotton buffing wheel 314 00:20:53,419 --> 00:20:57,588 using a polishing compound specially formulated for horn. 315 00:21:00,093 --> 00:21:03,561 That brings out the color and sheen. 316 00:21:03,563 --> 00:21:05,963 Then the worker screws and exotic-wood shaft 317 00:21:05,965 --> 00:21:09,834 into the same hole used for the metal rod. 318 00:21:09,836 --> 00:21:14,405 This fashionable cane, which has taken 4-6 hours to craft, 319 00:21:14,407 --> 00:21:17,174 is ready to be modeled on the walkway. 26085

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