Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:10,400 --> 00:00:12,600
High flying,
2
00:00:12,600 --> 00:00:15,160
sharp-eyed,
3
00:00:15,160 --> 00:00:16,760
and fierce.
4
00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:21,600
From mountain tops
5
00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:24,080
to river valleys,
6
00:00:24,080 --> 00:00:26,160
eagles rule the skies.
7
00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:29,720
Tenacious and strong.
8
00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:33,200
They are the ultimate bird of prey.
9
00:00:36,800 --> 00:00:39,320
Now, for the first time...
10
00:00:41,560 --> 00:00:45,840
..we'll follow the dramatic story
of a wild bald eagle family...
11
00:00:48,440 --> 00:00:50,520
..witness eagles in action...
12
00:00:52,920 --> 00:00:56,680
..and join one man
and his feathered friend
13
00:00:56,680 --> 00:01:00,440
to put these
icons of the air to the test.
14
00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:02,680
Woohoo! What a girl!
15
00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:05,160
We'll reveal what it takes...
16
00:01:06,840 --> 00:01:09,480
..and even what it feels like...
17
00:01:09,480 --> 00:01:12,640
Wow! We're flying
with a golden eagle!
18
00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:16,680
..to be the most powerful
bird in the sky.
19
00:01:29,680 --> 00:01:32,760
This is Iowa
in the American Midwest...
20
00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:39,840
..and in the midst of
a late winter snowfall...
21
00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:42,280
CHIRPING
22
00:01:42,280 --> 00:01:46,040
..a bald eagle is trying to look
after her most precious possessions.
23
00:01:52,440 --> 00:01:56,880
These two eggs must be kept
at around 37 degrees Celsius
24
00:01:56,880 --> 00:01:58,720
if they are to hatch.
25
00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:06,880
At night,
temperatures plummet to minus 25.
26
00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:14,960
By day, it's still cold enough
to freeze her eyelashes.
27
00:02:17,400 --> 00:02:21,080
But she'll do whatever it takes
to keep these eggs safe.
28
00:02:25,240 --> 00:02:30,240
Over the next few months,
we'll follow them around the clock
29
00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:34,160
and see what it takes to become
a superpowered eagle.
30
00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:52,280
Bald eagles are just one
of 70 different species.
31
00:02:56,240 --> 00:02:58,240
They can look very different...
32
00:03:00,640 --> 00:03:04,160
..but they all share
a mesmerising blend of power...
33
00:03:05,880 --> 00:03:07,400
..and beauty.
34
00:03:09,640 --> 00:03:12,680
They've mastered habitats
across the planet.
35
00:03:14,520 --> 00:03:19,160
From harpy eagles in
the rainforests of South America
36
00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:22,200
to Steller's sea eagles
in the icy North Pacific.
37
00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:27,520
And fish eagles in
the Great Lakes of Africa.
38
00:03:29,960 --> 00:03:31,760
They live at the top of
the food chain...
39
00:03:34,200 --> 00:03:37,440
..but to dominate their world,
they must overcome
40
00:03:37,440 --> 00:03:39,480
some significant challenges.
41
00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:45,400
They have to cover
hundreds of miles on the wing,
42
00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:48,840
spot their food at vast distances,
43
00:03:48,840 --> 00:03:53,120
and tackle the largest prey
of any bird species.
44
00:03:56,560 --> 00:03:59,200
BIRDS CALLING
45
00:03:59,200 --> 00:04:01,720
To find out how
eagles achieve this...
46
00:04:05,480 --> 00:04:08,320
..we need to meet a remarkable bird.
47
00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:21,960
This is Tilly.
48
00:04:23,840 --> 00:04:27,840
A golden eagle with
a wingspan of almost two metres.
49
00:04:29,880 --> 00:04:32,520
But what makes her unique
is the relationship
50
00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:34,600
she has with her lifelong partner.
51
00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:38,600
Bird specialist Lloyd Buck.
52
00:04:41,800 --> 00:04:43,120
Hello!
53
00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:45,080
Hello, my love!
54
00:04:45,080 --> 00:04:47,360
Are you enjoying yourself, eh?
55
00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:49,040
You're the best, ain't ya?
56
00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:52,160
You're a once-in-a-lifetime bird,
you are. Eh?
57
00:04:52,160 --> 00:04:55,240
I'll never have another bird
like you ever, will I?
58
00:04:56,880 --> 00:04:59,320
Since he was a child,
59
00:04:59,320 --> 00:05:01,480
Lloyd has been obsessed with birds.
60
00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:08,560
Over the years, he's kept
and trained many different species.
61
00:05:11,120 --> 00:05:13,760
But one stands out.
62
00:05:13,760 --> 00:05:14,960
Tilly.
63
00:05:16,600 --> 00:05:20,040
They've been together for 20 years,
64
00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:23,480
and have forged
an exceptionally close bond.
65
00:05:27,960 --> 00:05:30,200
As far as Tilly is concerned,
66
00:05:30,200 --> 00:05:32,640
Lloyd is her mate for life.
67
00:05:32,640 --> 00:05:35,240
Go on!
Go and enjoy yourself, my love.
68
00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:37,880
I wish I was you.
69
00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:40,160
I wish I was you!
70
00:05:42,480 --> 00:05:45,000
Thanks to Lloyd's dedicated
work with Tilly,
71
00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:47,480
she acts just like a wild eagle,
72
00:05:47,480 --> 00:05:51,520
but is also comfortable around
scientific equipment and cameras.
73
00:05:52,880 --> 00:05:55,680
So this is an extraordinary
opportunity to learn
74
00:05:55,680 --> 00:05:58,040
more about these iconic animals.
75
00:06:00,600 --> 00:06:02,880
Eagles are such inspirational birds.
76
00:06:04,320 --> 00:06:07,840
There's so much I think that
we don't understand about them,
77
00:06:07,840 --> 00:06:10,280
and that's what I'm hoping
to learn here.
78
00:06:10,280 --> 00:06:13,040
A little window into her world,
into the world of eagles.
79
00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:21,720
Together, Lloyd and Tilly
will take on a series of tests
80
00:06:21,720 --> 00:06:25,040
that will unlock
the eagle's remarkable powers.
81
00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:36,480
On the other side of the world,
in Iowa,
82
00:06:36,480 --> 00:06:38,960
the adult female seems restless.
83
00:06:42,040 --> 00:06:44,720
One of the eggs is
starting to hatch.
84
00:06:53,240 --> 00:06:57,320
From its first moments,
the chick must show its strength.
85
00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:03,600
It uses a tiny egg tooth on top
of its beak to crack the shell.
86
00:07:07,920 --> 00:07:09,960
CHICKS CHEEPING
87
00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:29,440
Three days later,
88
00:07:29,440 --> 00:07:31,880
it's joined by its sibling.
89
00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:39,760
At this age, they need to eat
90
00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:43,040
almost half their body weight
in meat every day.
91
00:07:47,320 --> 00:07:49,240
Thankfully, help is on hand,
92
00:07:49,240 --> 00:07:51,760
and he's bringing fresh supplies.
93
00:07:55,240 --> 00:08:00,680
As with all bald eagles, the male
is about 20% smaller than his mate.
94
00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:06,520
It's thought she might be bigger
to help produce
95
00:08:06,520 --> 00:08:08,240
and incubate the young.
96
00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:13,920
Bald eagles normally pair
for life,
97
00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:18,040
but this female's
previous partner disappeared,
98
00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:19,920
so this male is new.
99
00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:26,400
The breeding season
can last around ten months,
100
00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:30,160
so rearing these chicks will be
a test of their new relationship.
101
00:08:33,840 --> 00:08:36,720
The chicks' weight needs to increase
102
00:08:36,720 --> 00:08:40,400
by a staggering 500%
in the first week,
103
00:08:40,400 --> 00:08:44,000
so the adults spend much
of the time out hunting.
104
00:08:56,880 --> 00:08:59,800
Bald eagles specialise
in catching fish.
105
00:09:01,240 --> 00:09:03,920
They can make
up to 90% of their diet.
106
00:09:10,760 --> 00:09:14,400
They're able to pluck them
from the water
107
00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:16,200
with remarkable precision.
108
00:09:28,800 --> 00:09:30,240
CHEEPING
109
00:09:30,240 --> 00:09:34,160
But rabbits and squirrels
are also delivered to the nest.
110
00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:38,680
For now at least,
111
00:09:38,680 --> 00:09:42,400
this partnership is providing
all the food the chicks could need.
112
00:09:52,040 --> 00:09:56,080
Eagles around the world catch
a wide variety of prey,
113
00:09:56,080 --> 00:09:58,520
so they have a range of
hunting techniques...
114
00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:06,120
..and one species has come up
with an extraordinary strategy.
115
00:10:11,520 --> 00:10:13,600
The mountains of Oman.
116
00:10:17,040 --> 00:10:20,520
In this desert realm,
food is hard to come by.
117
00:10:25,120 --> 00:10:28,400
But this Verreaux's eagle
has a family to feed.
118
00:10:34,280 --> 00:10:37,720
Other birds dive-bomb the predator,
119
00:10:37,720 --> 00:10:39,560
hoping to chase it away.
120
00:10:47,480 --> 00:10:50,840
But this eagle is focused
on a terrestrial target.
121
00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:55,120
Rock hyrax.
122
00:10:57,040 --> 00:11:00,080
These small mammals are
equipped with special vision.
123
00:11:02,560 --> 00:11:05,360
A shield on their iris
cuts out glare,
124
00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:07,600
helping them spot predators,
125
00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:09,200
even in bright sunlight.
126
00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:13,360
But one eagle is just a decoy.
127
00:11:14,920 --> 00:11:18,280
Verreaux's eagles hunt in pairs.
128
00:11:20,800 --> 00:11:23,040
The first flies in plain sight,
129
00:11:23,040 --> 00:11:24,800
distracting the hyrax...
130
00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:31,960
..while the second eagle hugs
the contours of the land,
131
00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:33,400
staying hidden...
132
00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:37,040
..until the last moment.
133
00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:42,400
Using teamwork is
devastatingly effective.
134
00:11:50,120 --> 00:11:52,600
But catching their quarry
is a dangerous task.
135
00:11:55,520 --> 00:11:57,360
There's no room for error.
136
00:12:02,880 --> 00:12:06,520
When eagles hunt airborne prey,
if something goes wrong
137
00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:09,960
they usually have space and time
to get out of trouble.
138
00:12:12,400 --> 00:12:15,840
They can even escape a glancing blow
with the water surface.
139
00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:20,720
But when the prey is
on hard ground...
140
00:12:22,960 --> 00:12:26,400
..one wrong move could result
in a deadly collision.
141
00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:34,600
Especially when hunting
a large, heavy animal.
142
00:12:46,320 --> 00:12:49,320
There's simply no scope
to make a mistake.
143
00:12:58,680 --> 00:13:03,200
So how do eagles target and
safely catch terrestrial prey?
144
00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:09,480
To find out,
Lloyd has come to Scotland
145
00:13:09,480 --> 00:13:12,840
to put his golden eagle
Tilly to the test.
146
00:13:16,920 --> 00:13:18,400
But first,
147
00:13:18,400 --> 00:13:21,000
he needs something for her to hunt.
148
00:13:24,280 --> 00:13:26,920
This is Robohare.
149
00:13:30,840 --> 00:13:34,440
Designed and created
by tech wizard Chris Watts.
150
00:13:34,440 --> 00:13:36,120
With a fake fur coat
151
00:13:36,120 --> 00:13:39,360
and high-speed motors,
it can blend into the undergrowth
152
00:13:39,360 --> 00:13:41,400
or flash across the open.
153
00:13:43,400 --> 00:13:47,920
It's also fitted with an onboard 360
camera to capture all of the action.
154
00:13:49,680 --> 00:13:51,880
OK. She's going to rouse. Get ready.
155
00:13:53,040 --> 00:13:55,960
OK. Go! Go! Go! Fire! Fire!
156
00:13:55,960 --> 00:13:58,720
In a matter of seconds,
Tilly locks on to her target.
157
00:14:02,680 --> 00:14:04,720
She's got him. She's done it.
158
00:14:04,720 --> 00:14:06,560
Thank you very much, Tilly.
159
00:14:06,560 --> 00:14:07,560
Good girl!
160
00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:11,840
To challenge
Tilly's hunting ability,
161
00:14:11,840 --> 00:14:13,480
they repeat the test
162
00:14:13,480 --> 00:14:15,080
in different conditions.
163
00:14:15,080 --> 00:14:16,680
Go!
164
00:14:16,680 --> 00:14:20,160
From strong winds and overcast skies
165
00:14:20,160 --> 00:14:21,600
to bright sunlight.
166
00:14:26,520 --> 00:14:28,160
But the outcome is the same.
167
00:14:35,320 --> 00:14:37,720
To reveal the secret to her success,
168
00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:41,440
we need to go through the footage
frame by frame.
169
00:14:45,160 --> 00:14:49,800
First, Tilly keeps a constant lock
on Robohare's position.
170
00:14:52,880 --> 00:14:56,880
Next, she uses her wings
to adjust her trajectory
171
00:14:56,880 --> 00:14:59,120
as the wind changes
172
00:14:59,120 --> 00:15:00,760
or the target moves.
173
00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:09,640
She keeps her legs tucked in
to stay aerodynamic.
174
00:15:09,640 --> 00:15:12,360
Then, just a quarter of a second
before impact,
175
00:15:12,360 --> 00:15:15,840
she swings her feet forwards
176
00:15:15,840 --> 00:15:18,040
so both eyes can see Robohare
177
00:15:18,040 --> 00:15:19,800
AND her talons.
178
00:15:20,920 --> 00:15:22,640
She makes perfect contact.
179
00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:30,280
But in a demonstration
of sheer power...
180
00:15:30,280 --> 00:15:31,840
OK, get ready, Chris.
181
00:15:31,840 --> 00:15:35,680
..Tilly's hunting skill
is about to reach the next level.
182
00:15:42,240 --> 00:15:45,280
Robohare weighs 5.8 kilos -
183
00:15:45,280 --> 00:15:48,120
one and a half times more
than Tilly.
184
00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:00,720
But not only
can she catch Robohare...
185
00:16:04,360 --> 00:16:06,800
..she can lift it high into the air.
186
00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:12,520
She even has the strength
to carry it with one foot.
187
00:16:14,760 --> 00:16:19,280
A remarkable achievement
for a load weighing 150%
188
00:16:19,280 --> 00:16:21,000
of her own body weight.
189
00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:24,600
Yes! Woohoo-hoo!
190
00:16:24,600 --> 00:16:26,920
What a girl!
191
00:16:26,920 --> 00:16:28,760
Good bird! There's a good eagle!
192
00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:34,240
She's able to do this because,
like all eagles,
193
00:16:34,240 --> 00:16:38,480
she's armed with highly
specialised weapons - talons.
194
00:16:52,880 --> 00:16:56,160
and inflict fatal damage
upon their victim...
195
00:16:58,360 --> 00:17:01,840
..while the beak is used
to cut up the meal.
196
00:17:04,600 --> 00:17:08,560
The harpy eagle has some of
the largest talons in the world,
197
00:17:08,560 --> 00:17:13,040
measuring up to 12 centimetres -
twice as long as a golden eagle's.
198
00:17:15,680 --> 00:17:19,600
These weapons can suffocate
their quarry
199
00:17:19,600 --> 00:17:22,760
or create puncture wounds
and blood loss.
200
00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:30,920
To achieve this, eagles must grip
with enormous force
201
00:17:30,920 --> 00:17:35,200
and hold this pressure for
a long time, without tiring.
202
00:17:38,640 --> 00:17:41,240
So they rely on
some clever mechanics.
203
00:17:45,320 --> 00:17:48,040
Their feet have
an in-built ratchet system.
204
00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:53,960
The tendons in their toes are ridged
205
00:17:53,960 --> 00:17:56,040
and so is the tissue around it.
206
00:17:57,920 --> 00:18:00,640
This creates
a simple locking mechanism
207
00:18:00,640 --> 00:18:03,200
so the surrounding muscles can relax
208
00:18:03,200 --> 00:18:05,360
without losing any grip force.
209
00:18:08,280 --> 00:18:10,720
Many birds have this adaptation,
210
00:18:10,720 --> 00:18:12,720
but in eagles the ridges are
211
00:18:12,720 --> 00:18:14,760
particularly large, to cope
212
00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:16,560
with the enormous power.
213
00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:23,520
Creating and maintaining
such a high force
214
00:18:23,520 --> 00:18:25,920
is a critical part of their success.
215
00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:32,680
And it helps them take down
even the largest prey.
216
00:18:38,440 --> 00:18:42,840
But these super-strong weapons
have a second essential purpose.
217
00:18:45,040 --> 00:18:46,280
To fight.
218
00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:57,600
Winter in the Alps
can be desperately bleak.
219
00:19:02,520 --> 00:19:05,760
Golden eagles soar across the peaks
in search of prey.
220
00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:09,960
And when food is scarce,
221
00:19:09,960 --> 00:19:12,280
they have to turn to scavenging.
222
00:19:16,520 --> 00:19:18,600
SQUAWKING
223
00:19:24,040 --> 00:19:25,480
A dead fox.
224
00:19:27,080 --> 00:19:29,680
It could last
this female eagle for days.
225
00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:35,520
Such a prized meal is in demand.
226
00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:40,720
This devious mob of crows will
try anything to steal a mouthful.
227
00:19:45,880 --> 00:19:50,560
A flash of talons reminds them
who's at the top of the food chain.
228
00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:04,600
But the biggest threat
229
00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:06,320
comes from her own kind.
230
00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:41,040
A meal like this
is worth fighting for.
231
00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:46,760
In battle, talons are
their weapons of choice.
232
00:20:49,360 --> 00:20:53,000
They use their long legs
to keep their head, and importantly
233
00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:55,240
their eyes, away from danger.
234
00:21:01,320 --> 00:21:03,320
Using their talons effectively
235
00:21:03,320 --> 00:21:06,840
can make all the difference
in who loses
236
00:21:06,840 --> 00:21:08,560
and who survives.
237
00:21:23,280 --> 00:21:24,720
In Iowa...
238
00:21:26,320 --> 00:21:30,600
..our bald eagle youngsters
are now one and a half weeks old.
239
00:21:33,240 --> 00:21:35,880
Thanks to the hunting skill
of their parents,
240
00:21:35,880 --> 00:21:38,520
they're gaining
about 10% in weight each day.
241
00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:46,120
Their talons develop quicker
than other parts of their body,
242
00:21:46,120 --> 00:21:48,080
showing how important they are.
243
00:21:49,880 --> 00:21:53,360
But it will be another three months
before they have proper control
244
00:21:53,360 --> 00:21:55,360
of these formidable weapons.
245
00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:01,360
For now, they're almost
completely defenceless...
246
00:22:04,320 --> 00:22:07,360
..and the slightest thing
can pose a threat.
247
00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:17,520
Somehow, one has become tangled
in the female's feathers
248
00:22:17,520 --> 00:22:19,560
and it's at risk of choking.
249
00:22:19,560 --> 00:22:21,520
CHEEPING
250
00:22:24,680 --> 00:22:27,040
It's hard to know
how this has happened.
251
00:22:36,640 --> 00:22:41,200
And the female seems confused
and stressed.
252
00:22:50,640 --> 00:22:52,440
The more she moves around,
253
00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:55,080
the more she pulls on
the chick's neck.
254
00:23:13,080 --> 00:23:15,440
A lucky escape,
255
00:23:15,440 --> 00:23:18,440
but now it's stuck on its back
256
00:23:18,440 --> 00:23:21,840
and the male seems
distracted by the other chick.
257
00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:29,040
Less than half of all bald eagle
chicks survive their first year.
258
00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:34,320
The odds may be against it,
259
00:23:34,320 --> 00:23:38,160
but this time, those powerful talons
come to the rescue.
260
00:23:43,960 --> 00:23:45,880
When it comes to growing up,
261
00:23:45,880 --> 00:23:50,760
the gamble of life or death for
some eagle species is even greater.
262
00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:54,600
THUNDER RUMBLES
263
00:24:00,720 --> 00:24:02,320
Zambia.
264
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:07,800
Home to the crowned eagle.
265
00:24:12,680 --> 00:24:16,120
They are known as the most
powerful eagles in Africa.
266
00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:20,400
THUNDER AND LIGHTNING
267
00:24:20,400 --> 00:24:24,680
This adult has chosen to nest
in a small patch of swamp forest,
268
00:24:24,680 --> 00:24:27,440
and is trying to raise
a single chick.
269
00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:35,040
The eaglet needs to eat 30% of
its body weight in meat each day.
270
00:24:37,280 --> 00:24:38,680
But right now
271
00:24:38,680 --> 00:24:41,520
there's just not enough food here
to support a family.
272
00:24:44,720 --> 00:24:49,120
Nesting here seems like
a big miscalculation,
273
00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:51,800
but there's a reason behind
taking this risk.
274
00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:01,640
What this forest does hold
are fruit trees...
275
00:25:04,760 --> 00:25:06,840
..and the fruit is ripe for harvest.
276
00:25:10,320 --> 00:25:13,040
It's of no use to the eagles,
277
00:25:13,040 --> 00:25:15,840
but it's vital for another animal.
278
00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:19,680
HIGH-PITCHED CALLS
279
00:25:19,680 --> 00:25:21,120
Fruit bats.
280
00:25:24,600 --> 00:25:27,040
Ten million arrive here each year.
281
00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:33,120
It's the largest mammal
migration in Africa,
282
00:25:33,120 --> 00:25:36,400
and exactly what the eagles
are waiting for.
283
00:25:42,680 --> 00:25:44,720
They target individual bats,
284
00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:47,000
picking them out from the swarm.
285
00:25:49,560 --> 00:25:52,640
Fish eagles and
martial eagles join the hunt.
286
00:26:13,800 --> 00:26:18,160
The bats will be here
for up to 90 days,
287
00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:21,280
providing food for the chick
at its most vulnerable age.
288
00:26:28,120 --> 00:26:31,400
Timing their breeding cycle
with the bats' arrival is a risk...
289
00:26:33,640 --> 00:26:37,080
..but for this crowned eagle family,
it's paid off.
290
00:26:49,040 --> 00:26:51,640
In Iowa, it's spring.
291
00:26:54,680 --> 00:26:57,000
The adult eagles are delivering
292
00:26:57,000 --> 00:26:59,440
around five fish a day
to the nest.
293
00:27:01,080 --> 00:27:03,160
Now four weeks old,
294
00:27:03,160 --> 00:27:04,920
the chicks are changing.
295
00:27:10,440 --> 00:27:14,680
Their fluffy, warm down is peppered
with juvenile flight feathers.
296
00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:26,880
But perhaps the most important
change is in their vision.
297
00:27:28,680 --> 00:27:31,360
Their eyes open
within hours of hatching.
298
00:27:31,360 --> 00:27:36,200
But much like a human baby,
they're born with poor sight.
299
00:27:37,640 --> 00:27:40,400
It takes time for it to sharpen
300
00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:44,760
and become one of the most powerful
senses in the animal world.
301
00:27:55,880 --> 00:27:59,760
We describe anyone with
exceptional sight as eagle-eyed.
302
00:28:02,840 --> 00:28:05,040
But just how good is eagle vision?
303
00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:11,560
To put it to the test,
304
00:28:11,560 --> 00:28:15,560
Lloyd Buck and
his golden eagle Tilly
305
00:28:15,560 --> 00:28:18,280
are entering
a remote part of Scotland.
306
00:28:27,640 --> 00:28:31,880
They're joined by
Professor Graham Martin,
307
00:28:31,880 --> 00:28:33,720
an expert in avian vision.
308
00:28:35,920 --> 00:28:39,840
To compare the basics of eagle
and human eyesight,
309
00:28:39,840 --> 00:28:41,640
Graham has a demonstration.
310
00:28:44,080 --> 00:28:47,120
We're going to have some sort
of measure of our acuity, how much
311
00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:50,680
detail that we can see, using
the black and white stripes, equally
312
00:28:50,680 --> 00:28:53,040
spaced apart, called a grating.
313
00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:57,880
And our task is simply to back away
from this and come to the point
314
00:28:57,880 --> 00:29:00,040
when we can't see
the stripes any more,
315
00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:03,280
and then that's our threshold
for seeing detailed vision.
316
00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:06,600
As they walk further away,
317
00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:09,400
the black and white stripes
become less clear,
318
00:29:09,400 --> 00:29:11,800
and then merge to become
a grey blur.
319
00:29:13,520 --> 00:29:15,000
I'm just about the limit now.
320
00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:16,160
Yeah, I'm there now.
321
00:29:16,160 --> 00:29:17,360
You're there? Yeah.
322
00:29:17,360 --> 00:29:18,720
I'm still all right.
323
00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:23,280
That's me.
324
00:29:23,280 --> 00:29:25,320
Here I am. Nine metres.
325
00:29:26,600 --> 00:29:28,360
Nine metres? Yep.
326
00:29:28,360 --> 00:29:31,200
I'm just under 13 and a half metres.
327
00:29:32,600 --> 00:29:35,040
Eyesight deteriorates with age,
328
00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:39,080
so it's no surprise that
Lloyd has greater visual acuity,
329
00:29:39,080 --> 00:29:43,160
but how do scientists think
an eagle like Tilly would fare?
330
00:29:43,160 --> 00:29:44,880
The experiments that have been done
331
00:29:44,880 --> 00:29:48,280
show that they're about
five times better than us.
332
00:29:48,280 --> 00:29:50,600
Five times that,
it's somewhere right up there.
333
00:29:50,600 --> 00:29:52,120
The end of the tape.
334
00:29:53,120 --> 00:29:54,760
This seems impressive,
335
00:29:54,760 --> 00:29:58,200
but what does it mean for
an eagle hunting in the wild?
336
00:30:02,920 --> 00:30:08,000
To find out, Lloyd and Graham have
planned a game of hide and seek
337
00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:09,800
on an epic scale.
338
00:30:13,040 --> 00:30:15,680
Tilly must find Lloyd
somewhere in this landscape.
339
00:30:18,080 --> 00:30:21,680
Her cage has been covered
so she can't cheat,
340
00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:26,720
and Lloyd has found a position
400 metres away.
341
00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:32,120
RADIO: OK, I'm going to
release her now. OK.
342
00:30:40,160 --> 00:30:41,680
OK, Lloyd, she's gone.
343
00:30:45,040 --> 00:30:49,680
Tilly immediately scans
the landscape in search of Lloyd.
344
00:30:49,680 --> 00:30:51,440
Moving your way now,
345
00:30:51,440 --> 00:30:53,040
at great speed, actually.
346
00:31:06,600 --> 00:31:09,080
She's actually found you
in no time at all.
347
00:31:09,080 --> 00:31:11,120
Good girl!
348
00:31:11,120 --> 00:31:12,760
You're beautiful, aren't you?
349
00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:17,240
Tilly spotted Lloyd
from 400 metres away,
350
00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:20,160
but Graham thinks
that was far too easy.
351
00:31:21,160 --> 00:31:22,720
She was so quickly onto you,
352
00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:25,960
I don't think it was really much
of a challenge for her, in a way.
353
00:31:25,960 --> 00:31:28,040
If you wanted to, I think
we could push the distance.
354
00:31:28,040 --> 00:31:29,200
What do you think?
355
00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:30,880
OK, that sounds really good.
356
00:31:32,520 --> 00:31:35,520
Lloyd repositions himself
for a much bigger challenge.
357
00:31:37,320 --> 00:31:39,840
He's now one and a half miles away
358
00:31:39,840 --> 00:31:42,040
on the opposite side of the glen,
359
00:31:42,040 --> 00:31:44,240
and the weather conditions
are not ideal.
360
00:31:45,920 --> 00:31:48,520
Even with a powerful telephoto lens,
361
00:31:48,520 --> 00:31:51,160
it's hard to pick out Graham
and Tilly.
362
00:31:51,160 --> 00:31:53,560
It's a long way.
363
00:31:53,560 --> 00:31:57,160
I cannot see you without
a pair of binoculars, and even
364
00:31:57,160 --> 00:32:00,040
with the binoculars, there's
that much moisture in the air,
365
00:32:00,040 --> 00:32:03,880
so this is a real challenge
for Tilly.
366
00:32:03,880 --> 00:32:05,960
OK, then.
Well, I'll release her now.
367
00:32:05,960 --> 00:32:07,240
OK?
368
00:32:07,240 --> 00:32:08,440
OK. Good luck.
369
00:32:08,440 --> 00:32:10,240
Come on, Tilly. Come on, Tills.
370
00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:13,840
She's off.
371
00:32:15,960 --> 00:32:17,760
She's looking very hard.
372
00:32:19,840 --> 00:32:21,600
I'm sure she's trying to find you.
373
00:32:23,040 --> 00:32:25,880
Tilly has never faced
a challenge like this,
374
00:32:25,880 --> 00:32:30,040
but she starts to make her way to
the other side of the glen.
375
00:32:30,040 --> 00:32:32,720
Come on, Tilly! Come on!
376
00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:34,480
HE LAUGHS
377
00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:39,560
Interestingly,
she takes an indirect route,
378
00:32:39,560 --> 00:32:42,760
riding a series of strong
air currents to reach Lloyd
379
00:32:42,760 --> 00:32:44,800
more efficiently...
380
00:32:44,800 --> 00:32:46,400
..and more quickly.
381
00:32:47,840 --> 00:32:51,280
She's coming in!
She's coming in fast! Woohoo!
382
00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:52,600
She's done it, Graham.
383
00:32:52,600 --> 00:32:55,200
Absolutely hammering
across the valley!
384
00:32:55,200 --> 00:32:57,800
Yee-hoo! What a bird she is!
385
00:33:05,480 --> 00:33:08,000
You clever bird!
386
00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:09,960
Woohoo!
387
00:33:09,960 --> 00:33:12,120
What an eagle you are, hey?
388
00:33:12,120 --> 00:33:13,280
Hello!
389
00:33:13,280 --> 00:33:15,640
LAUGHS
390
00:33:15,640 --> 00:33:18,200
Graham, she's on my arm.
391
00:33:18,200 --> 00:33:20,320
That is absolutely incredible.
392
00:33:20,320 --> 00:33:23,760
I'm so pleased with her. I've never
asked her to find me like that.
393
00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:26,520
That is actually very,
very impressive because it took
394
00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:28,440
really very little time at all.
395
00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:33,520
Tilly spotted Lloyd
in this vast landscape
396
00:33:33,520 --> 00:33:36,520
from one and a half miles away,
397
00:33:36,520 --> 00:33:38,200
a feat so impressive
398
00:33:38,200 --> 00:33:40,760
it seems almost superpowered.
399
00:33:41,840 --> 00:33:43,880
So how does she achieve this?
400
00:33:46,320 --> 00:33:50,600
Images are projected onto the retina
at the back of the eagle's eye.
401
00:33:53,800 --> 00:33:55,880
This area is covered with
402
00:33:55,880 --> 00:33:57,880
light-sensitive cells
403
00:33:57,880 --> 00:34:00,200
known as cones. The more cones,
404
00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:02,160
the sharper the eyesight.
405
00:34:03,680 --> 00:34:08,680
A human eye may have
200,000 cones per square millimetre,
406
00:34:08,680 --> 00:34:10,960
but eagles have over twice as many,
407
00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:13,320
giving them the sharpest eyesight
408
00:34:13,320 --> 00:34:15,120
of any vertebrate animal.
409
00:34:19,400 --> 00:34:24,200
The eagle's supreme visual acuity
gives them a significant advantage.
410
00:34:26,360 --> 00:34:29,920
It means they can quickly pick out
prey in a vast landscape.
411
00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:36,880
But there's an unexpected downside
to having such sharp vision.
412
00:34:36,880 --> 00:34:41,000
The problem is, you don't want to
get the sun in your eyes.
413
00:34:41,000 --> 00:34:43,800
It would destroy all the very
high acuity it's got.
414
00:34:43,800 --> 00:34:46,960
So they have these big eyebrows.
It's like wearing a baseball cap!
415
00:34:46,960 --> 00:34:49,280
That's all designed to keep
the sun out their eyes,
416
00:34:49,280 --> 00:34:51,320
so they don't actually ever
image the sun.
417
00:34:52,760 --> 00:34:56,640
This brow ridge is what gives
eagles their fearsome stare.
418
00:34:58,080 --> 00:35:00,480
But it has a serious drawback.
419
00:35:02,120 --> 00:35:04,440
Of course, if you're keeping
the sun out your eyes,
420
00:35:04,440 --> 00:35:06,360
you can't actually see
what's up there.
421
00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:09,160
What an eagle wants to do
is patrol and look down
422
00:35:09,160 --> 00:35:12,880
at the big terrain below it,
and it's bending its head forward.
423
00:35:12,880 --> 00:35:15,280
It's tipping its head down
to have a look.
424
00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:16,840
And that means that this blind area,
425
00:35:16,840 --> 00:35:18,800
which is designed to
keep the sun out their eyes,
426
00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:21,240
is stopping them actually
looking where they're going.
427
00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:25,240
This blind spot
isn't usually a problem.
428
00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:30,120
In their natural habitat,
they soar high above the trees.
429
00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:35,120
But in a modern landscape,
430
00:35:35,120 --> 00:35:36,800
it can be a fatal flaw.
431
00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:41,520
Across the world,
eagles are colliding
432
00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:43,320
with man-made structures.
433
00:35:44,360 --> 00:35:47,880
Wind turbines, often built
in wild landscapes,
434
00:35:47,880 --> 00:35:49,800
can be a particular issue.
435
00:35:51,920 --> 00:35:55,120
So at this wind farm in Wyoming,
436
00:35:55,120 --> 00:35:57,720
they've placed observation
towers around the site...
437
00:35:59,600 --> 00:36:03,000
..and if an eagle is spotted,
they switch the turbines off.
438
00:36:06,920 --> 00:36:09,800
But in bright light,
eagles can be hard to spot.
439
00:36:13,640 --> 00:36:18,240
So now they're using artificial
intelligence to improve the odds.
440
00:36:21,320 --> 00:36:24,360
This technology harnesses
ten cameras to spot
441
00:36:24,360 --> 00:36:26,200
and track flying objects.
442
00:36:29,240 --> 00:36:33,800
It can work out if the object
is an eagle in just one second
443
00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:37,160
and temporarily shut down
any turbines in its path.
444
00:36:41,480 --> 00:36:45,920
It's over five times more
effective than humans,
445
00:36:45,920 --> 00:36:48,920
meaning the eagles here
are now far safer.
446
00:36:59,360 --> 00:37:01,720
But elsewhere around the world,
447
00:37:01,720 --> 00:37:05,160
the biggest threat to most eagles
is still humans.
448
00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:14,680
In the tropics, deforestation
is threatening jungle species...
449
00:37:16,280 --> 00:37:18,800
..like the Philippine eagle
450
00:37:18,800 --> 00:37:21,040
and the harpy eagle.
451
00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:27,520
There are fewer trees
for them to nest in
452
00:37:27,520 --> 00:37:30,800
and far less prey for them to hunt.
453
00:37:35,200 --> 00:37:38,160
Many eagles also succumb
to lead poisoning,
454
00:37:38,160 --> 00:37:41,440
as hunting ammunition
contaminates carcasses.
455
00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:48,280
More than a third of all eagle
species are considered
456
00:37:48,280 --> 00:37:50,520
to be endangered or vulnerable.
457
00:37:53,120 --> 00:37:57,600
But conservationists have proved in
the past that, with the right help,
458
00:37:57,600 --> 00:38:01,040
some eagles can be saved
from the brink of extinction.
459
00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:10,160
During the 1940s,
DDT, a potent insecticide,
460
00:38:10,160 --> 00:38:12,200
was considered a wonder chemical.
461
00:38:14,440 --> 00:38:17,480
A solution to pest problems,
large or small.
462
00:38:20,160 --> 00:38:23,200
It was even sprayed on people
to rid them of parasites.
463
00:38:27,800 --> 00:38:32,120
Colourless and tasteless,
DDT seeped into the ecosystems.
464
00:38:35,760 --> 00:38:38,640
At first no-one realised its impact,
465
00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:43,320
but the chemical passed
from prey to predator,
466
00:38:43,320 --> 00:38:45,920
and those at the top
were hit hardest,
467
00:38:45,920 --> 00:38:47,760
especially bald eagles.
468
00:38:50,440 --> 00:38:53,840
It caused a thinning in
eagle egg shells, which meant
469
00:38:53,840 --> 00:38:56,120
they cracked during incubation...
470
00:38:58,200 --> 00:39:00,360
..and it almost wiped them out.
471
00:39:05,440 --> 00:39:08,680
Eventually, DDT was banned
472
00:39:08,680 --> 00:39:11,320
and some heroic conservationists
473
00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:12,480
stepped up.
474
00:39:15,200 --> 00:39:17,520
Eggs were taken from the wild,
475
00:39:17,520 --> 00:39:19,880
hatched safely in captivity...
476
00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:27,760
..and the chicks were returned
to the nest to be reared naturally.
477
00:39:29,400 --> 00:39:31,040
And it worked.
478
00:39:35,480 --> 00:39:39,920
There are now thought to be
over 140,000 bald eagles in the US.
479
00:39:41,680 --> 00:39:43,640
A truly remarkable comeback.
480
00:39:49,720 --> 00:39:54,600
Today, each new chick is still
important to the growing population.
481
00:40:03,520 --> 00:40:07,440
In Iowa, the parents
are doing well...
482
00:40:10,440 --> 00:40:15,320
..providing their chicks with enough
food to grow at a remarkable rate.
483
00:40:17,160 --> 00:40:18,960
Now eight weeks old,
484
00:40:18,960 --> 00:40:21,240
the eaglets are almost fully grown
485
00:40:21,240 --> 00:40:24,640
and covered with new
dark brown feathers.
486
00:40:26,880 --> 00:40:30,760
But they are about to face their
biggest survival challenge yet.
487
00:40:32,520 --> 00:40:34,800
FLIES BUZZING
488
00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:37,440
Something seems
to be bothering them.
489
00:40:39,640 --> 00:40:43,120
A wet spring has created ideal
conditions for an infestation
490
00:40:43,120 --> 00:40:46,080
of bloodsucking blackflies,
491
00:40:46,080 --> 00:40:48,640
and they are attacking the eaglets.
492
00:40:52,680 --> 00:40:57,560
The number of blackflies seems
to be getting higher in this region,
493
00:40:57,560 --> 00:40:59,800
and this season is particularly bad.
494
00:41:03,720 --> 00:41:07,120
The chicks are growing weaker
from the sheer number of bites.
495
00:41:08,720 --> 00:41:11,800
And, worse still,
they're becoming restless.
496
00:41:20,320 --> 00:41:23,280
One youngster is so uncomfortable,
497
00:41:23,280 --> 00:41:26,120
it climbs the tree to get away.
498
00:41:28,440 --> 00:41:32,120
But the chick is 22 metres up,
499
00:41:32,120 --> 00:41:37,880
too young to fledge and too weak
to deal with the strong wind.
500
00:41:41,680 --> 00:41:45,480
In sheer desperation, it leaps...
501
00:41:47,760 --> 00:41:49,360
..and falls to the ground.
502
00:41:53,200 --> 00:41:56,400
The nest cameras lose sight of it,
503
00:41:56,400 --> 00:41:58,000
and so do the parents.
504
00:42:02,800 --> 00:42:06,640
This family's future now appears
to rest with the remaining chick.
505
00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:20,240
But worryingly,
it's also driven from the nest.
506
00:42:21,600 --> 00:42:23,320
CHEEPING
507
00:42:23,320 --> 00:42:25,120
FLIES BUZZING
508
00:42:28,560 --> 00:42:30,400
The parents are helpless.
509
00:42:43,720 --> 00:42:46,840
The chick doesn't yet have
full control of its large feet...
510
00:42:49,080 --> 00:42:51,440
..and one mistake is all it takes.
511
00:43:07,560 --> 00:43:09,960
The only hope for the eaglets now
512
00:43:09,960 --> 00:43:13,640
is that they'll be found
somewhere beneath the nest.
513
00:43:18,920 --> 00:43:23,200
If the chicks were older
they could have flown to safety,
514
00:43:23,200 --> 00:43:28,080
but it takes many weeks for a young
eagle to truly master its wings.
515
00:43:30,920 --> 00:43:35,240
In fact, flight is probably
the most sophisticated
516
00:43:35,240 --> 00:43:37,440
eagle superpower of all.
517
00:43:42,080 --> 00:43:43,880
Eagles dominate the sky.
518
00:43:46,880 --> 00:43:49,800
They can dive at over 150mph...
519
00:43:51,640 --> 00:43:55,520
..and perform spectacular
aerobatics when they fight
520
00:43:55,520 --> 00:43:57,080
or display to a mate.
521
00:43:59,760 --> 00:44:03,400
And one of their greatest
aerial abilities is soaring.
522
00:44:07,400 --> 00:44:11,800
Golden eagles can have a home range
of up to 2,000 square miles.
523
00:44:13,760 --> 00:44:18,040
To cover these vast distances,
they use air currents to push them
524
00:44:18,040 --> 00:44:20,480
high into the air without
flapping their wings...
525
00:44:23,560 --> 00:44:25,600
..saving them precious energy.
526
00:44:32,280 --> 00:44:35,920
It's something Lloyd Buck has always
wanted to know more about.
527
00:44:38,560 --> 00:44:40,200
So he's come to California,
528
00:44:40,200 --> 00:44:43,240
where paragliding fanatic
Michael Vergalla
529
00:44:43,240 --> 00:44:46,240
often flies alongside
wild birds of prey.
530
00:44:48,320 --> 00:44:52,200
By learning what it takes to fly
a paraglider, Lloyd hopes
531
00:44:52,200 --> 00:44:55,480
he will understand more
about how eagles soar.
532
00:44:55,480 --> 00:44:58,520
Bring the wing up
in three, two, one...
533
00:44:58,520 --> 00:45:00,160
Wing's coming up.
534
00:45:03,960 --> 00:45:06,160
OK. Walk, walk, walk, walk.
535
00:45:06,160 --> 00:45:08,000
Start running. Run, run, run, run!
536
00:45:08,000 --> 00:45:09,560
Run, run, run, run, run.
537
00:45:22,560 --> 00:45:25,000
All right, Lloyd. OK. Here we go!
538
00:45:26,280 --> 00:45:28,720
We're flying! We're flying, Mike.
539
00:45:31,360 --> 00:45:32,600
Wow!
540
00:45:40,000 --> 00:45:43,560
I've seen Tilly do this
so many times, and now I'm doing it.
541
00:45:43,560 --> 00:45:45,000
LAUGHS
542
00:45:48,240 --> 00:45:50,280
When eagles soar, they search
543
00:45:50,280 --> 00:45:53,320
for the strongest air currents
to push them higher.
544
00:45:55,880 --> 00:45:58,440
Mike and Lloyd must do the same,
545
00:45:58,440 --> 00:46:01,040
so they look for tiny clues
in the air
546
00:46:01,040 --> 00:46:03,880
and movement in
the vegetation below.
547
00:46:05,000 --> 00:46:06,720
You're looking for changes.
548
00:46:06,720 --> 00:46:08,920
You're smelling, you're listening.
549
00:46:08,920 --> 00:46:11,000
You're trying to use
all of your senses
550
00:46:11,000 --> 00:46:12,760
to figure out what's happening.
551
00:46:12,760 --> 00:46:14,840
Oh, look at the tree moving.
Look at the tree moving.
552
00:46:14,840 --> 00:46:16,880
Yep. We're going
to get a bump here. Ready?
553
00:46:18,200 --> 00:46:20,120
All right?
So you're going to feel...
554
00:46:20,120 --> 00:46:21,960
I can feel it, I can feel it!
555
00:46:21,960 --> 00:46:23,360
There you go. Wow.
556
00:46:23,360 --> 00:46:26,120
And we're going to feel more
as we get in here. Yeah.
557
00:46:26,120 --> 00:46:30,040
I can really feel the pressure,
the change in it.
558
00:46:30,040 --> 00:46:34,160
Just like an eagle, Mike is trying
to gain altitude by harnessing
559
00:46:34,160 --> 00:46:35,840
two common air currents.
560
00:46:39,040 --> 00:46:43,680
Thermals form as
the sun heats the earth,
561
00:46:43,680 --> 00:46:47,320
which in turn warms
the air above it,
562
00:46:47,320 --> 00:46:49,640
creating a rising column of air.
563
00:46:52,840 --> 00:46:55,680
Updrafts are created
when horizontal winds
564
00:46:55,680 --> 00:46:58,840
are deflected skywards by a ridge.
565
00:47:01,280 --> 00:47:04,440
By feeling where
these thermals and updrafts are,
566
00:47:04,440 --> 00:47:07,720
they can manoeuvre
the wing and climb higher.
567
00:47:09,040 --> 00:47:11,200
This is what Tilly feels.
This is what Tilly does.
568
00:47:11,200 --> 00:47:12,640
This is what eagles do. Uh-huh.
569
00:47:17,600 --> 00:47:21,480
One of Mike's favourite ways to
find a good thermal is to watch
570
00:47:21,480 --> 00:47:23,520
and follow the local birds.
571
00:47:25,360 --> 00:47:28,160
Got another bird on this ridge
here that we can try to join.
572
00:47:30,200 --> 00:47:32,240
Mike can tell
how strong a thermal is
573
00:47:32,240 --> 00:47:34,640
by seeing how quickly
the birds climb.
574
00:47:36,120 --> 00:47:40,680
And it's not long before
he spots a familiar species.
575
00:47:40,680 --> 00:47:43,400
Look out, at the end of the ridge.
576
00:47:43,400 --> 00:47:44,760
You see the birds?
577
00:47:44,760 --> 00:47:46,440
At the end of the ridge,
end of the ridge...
578
00:47:46,440 --> 00:47:48,320
Straight out,
straight out, straight out.
579
00:47:48,320 --> 00:47:50,520
Straight out. Gotcha!
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
580
00:47:51,760 --> 00:47:53,600
That's a goldie. Yeah?
581
00:47:53,600 --> 00:47:55,920
That's a golden eagle.
Let's go, let's go.
582
00:47:55,920 --> 00:47:58,640
We're flying with a golden eagle.
583
00:47:58,640 --> 00:47:59,680
Wow!
584
00:48:04,120 --> 00:48:06,400
I've waited my whole life
for this, Mike.
585
00:48:06,400 --> 00:48:08,280
THEY CHUCKLE
586
00:48:26,240 --> 00:48:30,280
This is the thing that
I've dreamt about since I was a boy.
587
00:48:33,240 --> 00:48:37,840
And my whole life, I've experienced
it through my birds. Uh-huh?
588
00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:40,520
But now I'm experiencing it
for myself, for real, with you,
589
00:48:40,520 --> 00:48:43,760
and this is just...
I can't put that into words.
590
00:48:43,760 --> 00:48:48,480
It's really quite moving,
I would say. It's quite emotional.
591
00:48:48,480 --> 00:48:51,280
It's OK, you can cry. I've cried.
592
00:48:51,280 --> 00:48:53,880
I feel quite...
I feel very emotional, actually.
593
00:48:58,160 --> 00:48:59,640
This is something, Mike,
594
00:48:59,640 --> 00:49:02,440
I'm never going to forget
for the rest of my life.
595
00:49:05,080 --> 00:49:09,760
For Lloyd, soaring on
the air currents is pure joy.
596
00:49:11,760 --> 00:49:16,040
But for eagles, it's a critical
component of their daily lives.
597
00:49:18,880 --> 00:49:22,400
To be a dominant predator
of the sky, they must harness
598
00:49:22,400 --> 00:49:25,200
the wind to cover their territory,
599
00:49:25,200 --> 00:49:27,400
and they make it look easy.
600
00:49:36,760 --> 00:49:40,240
To find out the science
behind this superpower,
601
00:49:40,240 --> 00:49:42,840
Lloyd wants to
put Tilly to the test.
602
00:49:46,520 --> 00:49:50,560
He's fitting her with a highly
accurate GPS tracker to measure
603
00:49:50,560 --> 00:49:53,200
how fast she can gain altitude,
604
00:49:53,200 --> 00:49:54,960
and a 360-degree camera
605
00:49:54,960 --> 00:49:58,880
to see exactly how
her wings are adapted to soaring.
606
00:50:01,160 --> 00:50:04,400
We'll know exactly...
what you get up to.
607
00:50:04,400 --> 00:50:05,760
Eh?
608
00:50:05,760 --> 00:50:07,760
You're a good girl, yes.
609
00:50:07,760 --> 00:50:08,920
Bop-bop-bop!
610
00:50:10,800 --> 00:50:12,720
Go on, off you go.
611
00:50:12,720 --> 00:50:13,720
Go on.
612
00:50:17,800 --> 00:50:22,240
Tilly soon finds an updraft,
and soars high above the glen.
613
00:50:23,840 --> 00:50:25,480
Woohoo-hoo!
614
00:50:25,480 --> 00:50:28,560
You make it look so easy. Eh?
615
00:50:30,600 --> 00:50:33,400
The onboard camera provides
a wonderful opportunity
616
00:50:33,400 --> 00:50:36,800
to see the world from
an eagle's perspective.
617
00:51:12,920 --> 00:51:16,480
Throughout the flight,
the GPS tracker and accelerometer
618
00:51:16,480 --> 00:51:19,320
on her back are collecting
important information.
619
00:51:28,200 --> 00:51:30,120
Good girl. Clever eagle!
620
00:51:37,360 --> 00:51:40,920
And Professor Jim Usherwood,
a locomotion specialist,
621
00:51:40,920 --> 00:51:43,600
can help interpret the findings.
622
00:51:43,600 --> 00:51:45,320
Well, it's really exciting,
especially
623
00:51:45,320 --> 00:51:46,880
having the video next to it.
624
00:51:46,880 --> 00:51:49,640
You can really see what's
happening all the way through.
625
00:51:49,640 --> 00:51:52,960
You can see her climbing,
circling seven times,
626
00:51:52,960 --> 00:51:56,600
and then reaching quite
a height, really very quickly.
627
00:51:56,600 --> 00:52:00,160
She's doing, oh...
three, four, five metres a second up
628
00:52:00,160 --> 00:52:01,960
and that's fast. Wow.
629
00:52:01,960 --> 00:52:04,960
That's eight, nine,
ten miles per hour...up.
630
00:52:04,960 --> 00:52:06,680
Imagine running up a ladder
that fast.
631
00:52:06,680 --> 00:52:08,320
So she's climbing quickly.
632
00:52:08,320 --> 00:52:11,280
Really fast, while hardly travelling
across the ground at all.
633
00:52:12,800 --> 00:52:15,400
Tilly climbs
without flapping her wings,
634
00:52:15,400 --> 00:52:17,440
saving huge amounts of energy.
635
00:52:21,320 --> 00:52:24,320
Eagles are able to ride
the air currents effectively
636
00:52:24,320 --> 00:52:26,800
thanks to their large wing area,
637
00:52:26,800 --> 00:52:28,880
but the shape of their wing
638
00:52:28,880 --> 00:52:31,640
is different to that of
many soaring specialists.
639
00:52:38,160 --> 00:52:42,040
Albatross have very long,
narrow wings,
640
00:52:42,040 --> 00:52:46,200
which generate a lot of lift for
relatively small amounts of drag.
641
00:52:46,200 --> 00:52:47,840
CAWING
642
00:52:49,720 --> 00:52:53,160
It makes them brilliant at gliding,
643
00:52:53,160 --> 00:52:55,600
but this wing shape
is no good to eagles.
644
00:52:58,160 --> 00:53:01,320
Long wings are very good
for gliding and soaring,
645
00:53:01,320 --> 00:53:03,520
but they're horrible for flapping.
646
00:53:03,520 --> 00:53:06,280
And, of course, this thing
at some point will need to flap.
647
00:53:06,280 --> 00:53:08,400
Yeah. She'll need to flap
to take off,
648
00:53:08,400 --> 00:53:10,080
carry the weaponry to kill something
649
00:53:10,080 --> 00:53:12,200
and then carry that food back home,
650
00:53:12,200 --> 00:53:14,520
at which point you don't actually
want super long wings.
651
00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:19,200
Eagles have to deal with
some conflicting tasks.
652
00:53:22,440 --> 00:53:25,200
To soar well,
it's best to be lightweight
653
00:53:25,200 --> 00:53:27,080
with extremely long wings.
654
00:53:29,120 --> 00:53:31,160
But to hunt large prey,
655
00:53:31,160 --> 00:53:33,840
it's important to be
powerful and heavy
656
00:53:33,840 --> 00:53:38,880
with shorter, broad wings that can
flap and take off with big loads.
657
00:53:41,840 --> 00:53:45,840
Eagles manage to achieve both,
but how?
658
00:53:49,240 --> 00:53:52,080
The secret is at the end
of their wings.
659
00:53:54,520 --> 00:53:58,160
From the onboard camera, it's clear
that the feathers on her wing tips
660
00:53:58,160 --> 00:54:00,240
are separated when she flies.
661
00:54:03,880 --> 00:54:08,360
Each one of these primary feathers
acts like a tiny aerofoil,
662
00:54:08,360 --> 00:54:11,040
helping air hug
the upper surface of the wing.
663
00:54:14,160 --> 00:54:18,720
It means eagles can tilt their wings
at very steep angles on takeoff,
664
00:54:18,720 --> 00:54:21,560
generating lots of lift
to support a heavy load.
665
00:54:26,640 --> 00:54:30,080
It's also thought these slotted
wing tips can reduce elements
666
00:54:30,080 --> 00:54:33,840
of drag, helping them soar
with greater efficiency.
667
00:54:38,760 --> 00:54:44,480
It's a clever solution for a wing
that has to perform so many tasks,
668
00:54:44,480 --> 00:54:46,840
helping them harness air currents
669
00:54:46,840 --> 00:54:48,560
and dominate the skies.
670
00:54:55,480 --> 00:54:58,440
In Iowa, the nest is still empty.
671
00:55:01,080 --> 00:55:05,240
The parents did all they could
to raise their two chicks
672
00:55:05,240 --> 00:55:08,560
and, hopefully,
they will breed again next year.
673
00:55:12,520 --> 00:55:15,360
But this isn't the end of the story.
674
00:55:15,360 --> 00:55:19,160
Remarkably, both chicks
have been found alive.
675
00:55:32,040 --> 00:55:35,880
The eldest was discovered
washed up along the river, five days
676
00:55:35,880 --> 00:55:37,920
after it fell from the nest.
677
00:55:42,800 --> 00:55:45,360
It was later found
to have a broken leg.
678
00:55:48,000 --> 00:55:51,880
The other was picked up
by local residents,
679
00:55:51,880 --> 00:55:54,200
covered in blackfly bites.
680
00:55:58,040 --> 00:55:59,640
Both chicks were taken
681
00:55:59,640 --> 00:56:03,200
to a raptor rehabilitation centre
for treatment,
682
00:56:03,200 --> 00:56:05,720
where they started feeding
and putting on weight.
683
00:56:10,000 --> 00:56:13,280
Due to its leg fracture,
it's unlikely the eldest chick
684
00:56:13,280 --> 00:56:16,320
will be released,
but its future is still bright.
685
00:56:18,520 --> 00:56:21,600
Hopefully it will become
an ambassador eagle
686
00:56:21,600 --> 00:56:25,240
to help inspire a new generation
of eagle conservationists.
687
00:56:29,520 --> 00:56:32,160
The second chick is making
a good recovery
688
00:56:32,160 --> 00:56:35,000
and developing
powerful flight muscles.
689
00:56:36,400 --> 00:56:38,640
Paired up with other rescued chicks,
690
00:56:38,640 --> 00:56:42,280
it will soon be strong enough
to be released back into the wild.
691
00:56:47,000 --> 00:56:51,640
It's an extraordinary end
to a dramatic season,
692
00:56:51,640 --> 00:56:54,280
and a new start to
this eagle's life.
693
00:57:02,120 --> 00:57:05,080
By following the journey
from egg to eaglet,
694
00:57:05,080 --> 00:57:07,760
we've seen what challenges
an eagle must face
695
00:57:07,760 --> 00:57:09,520
to survive its first year.
696
00:57:13,160 --> 00:57:16,000
We've witnessed
remarkable dedication
697
00:57:16,000 --> 00:57:18,080
and skill from the parents.
698
00:57:21,560 --> 00:57:25,160
And thanks to
a very special eagle called Tilly,
699
00:57:25,160 --> 00:57:29,680
we've uncovered the science
behind their superpowers.
700
00:57:29,680 --> 00:57:32,000
I'm so proud of her because,
701
00:57:32,000 --> 00:57:35,160
in her own way, she's brought
702
00:57:35,160 --> 00:57:38,360
much more knowledge and
understanding to an eagle's world
703
00:57:38,360 --> 00:57:40,400
about their incredible eyesight...
704
00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:43,280
She's coming in fast! Woohoo!
705
00:57:43,280 --> 00:57:46,040
..that amazing ability
to use the air
706
00:57:46,040 --> 00:57:48,920
to soar so well,
707
00:57:48,920 --> 00:57:50,720
and her hunting strategy,
708
00:57:50,720 --> 00:57:53,360
and the power in those feet!
709
00:57:53,360 --> 00:57:55,440
Bring all those things together
710
00:57:55,440 --> 00:57:58,880
and you've got the best
aerial predators on the planet.
711
00:57:58,880 --> 00:58:01,480
They really are incredible.
712
00:58:01,480 --> 00:58:04,480
Eagles have long captured
our imagination.
713
00:58:05,640 --> 00:58:07,840
Their combination of strength,
714
00:58:07,840 --> 00:58:09,440
elegance,
715
00:58:09,440 --> 00:58:11,280
and skill
716
00:58:11,280 --> 00:58:13,160
make them appear almost...
717
00:58:15,160 --> 00:58:16,760
..superpowered.
56495
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.