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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:08,442 --> 00:00:14,813 ♪ ♪ 2 00:00:26,160 --> 00:00:28,861 Sam: Arguing with my 11-year-old is like stepping 3 00:00:28,896 --> 00:00:31,497 Into an alternate dimension of reality. 4 00:00:31,532 --> 00:00:34,299 You have to deal with these urban legends and myths that 5 00:00:34,335 --> 00:00:37,536 Get passed around school or over video game chats. 6 00:00:37,571 --> 00:00:38,882 And you have to take 'em serious, 7 00:00:38,906 --> 00:00:42,207 Because he can find a tiktok video that proves what he's 8 00:00:42,243 --> 00:00:46,578 Saying is right and I'm wrong again about everything. 9 00:00:47,548 --> 00:00:49,459 The internet was supposed to save us, 10 00:00:49,483 --> 00:00:53,052 With information, all of human knowledge is in your pocket, 11 00:00:53,087 --> 00:00:54,531 But it's turned into something else, 12 00:00:54,555 --> 00:00:56,522 Something we don't even understand. 13 00:00:56,557 --> 00:00:59,124 Man: I'm gonna prove once and for all the earth is flat. 14 00:00:59,160 --> 00:01:03,362 Sam: Did anyone predict flat earthing would make a comeback? 15 00:01:03,397 --> 00:01:06,365 On the internet you can find whatever soothes your soul. 16 00:01:06,400 --> 00:01:09,068 You can make the world whatever you want. 17 00:01:09,103 --> 00:01:10,814 If you wanna live in a world of magic, 18 00:01:10,838 --> 00:01:12,037 No problem. 19 00:01:12,073 --> 00:01:14,640 If you wanna live in a world where aliens walk amongst us, 20 00:01:14,675 --> 00:01:16,241 You got it. 21 00:01:16,277 --> 00:01:18,544 And if you wanna talk about atlantis, 22 00:01:18,579 --> 00:01:21,146 The fabled island of unlimited wealth that sank beneath the 23 00:01:21,182 --> 00:01:26,151 Sea 12,000 years ago because of poseidon's curse, 24 00:01:26,187 --> 00:01:29,388 Well there's a chat room with your name on it. 25 00:01:30,925 --> 00:01:34,927 But atlantis is different than slenderman and flat earthing, 26 00:01:36,330 --> 00:01:39,431 What gives atlantis power is that plato wrote about it in 27 00:01:39,467 --> 00:01:40,866 His famous dialogs, 28 00:01:40,901 --> 00:01:43,035 The foundation of western philosophy. 29 00:01:46,774 --> 00:01:49,241 Sam: So it's not just modern day conspiracy theorists or 30 00:01:49,276 --> 00:01:50,542 Amateur sleuths. 31 00:01:50,611 --> 00:01:52,778 Josh: There's so much evidence of atlantis. 32 00:01:54,048 --> 00:01:57,683 Sam: It's scientists, priests, mathematicians and academics. 33 00:01:57,718 --> 00:01:58,817 Oh look at this. 34 00:01:58,853 --> 00:02:00,552 Another clue. 35 00:02:00,588 --> 00:02:03,956 They've all found the idea of a real atlantis fascinating. 36 00:02:03,991 --> 00:02:05,290 Isn't that amazing? 37 00:02:05,326 --> 00:02:07,392 Where is it? What's the spot? 38 00:02:07,428 --> 00:02:10,129 And the search for this perfect island has persisted 39 00:02:10,164 --> 00:02:14,466 Since plato wrote about it 2,500 years ago. 40 00:02:14,502 --> 00:02:17,269 Josh: It's considered a red zone by governments around the world. 41 00:02:20,307 --> 00:02:22,941 Sam: It's gonna be very tricky to get a 42 00:02:22,977 --> 00:02:26,111 Team of archaeologists in there. 43 00:02:27,047 --> 00:02:29,381 Sam: It's arguably the most famous curse 44 00:02:29,416 --> 00:02:31,049 In the history of the world. 45 00:02:31,085 --> 00:02:32,963 Eric: It does weird things to people. 46 00:02:32,987 --> 00:02:35,220 Sam: And examining the intersection point between 47 00:02:35,256 --> 00:02:38,757 Myth and science is what this show is all about. 48 00:02:39,160 --> 00:02:42,461 So hell yeah, bro, 49 00:02:42,496 --> 00:02:44,429 Let's go look for atlantis. 50 00:02:56,177 --> 00:02:58,644 Sam: The island paradise called atlantis 51 00:02:58,679 --> 00:03:02,748 Washed away into the ocean 12,000 years ago. 52 00:03:04,618 --> 00:03:06,985 This mythical place has been ingrained in 53 00:03:07,021 --> 00:03:09,655 Popular culture for generations. 54 00:03:09,990 --> 00:03:13,959 But just like aquaman, there's an origin story. 55 00:03:16,163 --> 00:03:19,665 Plato described in great detail atlantis. 56 00:03:19,700 --> 00:03:24,002 The landscape of the islands and the mountains and the sea. 57 00:03:24,338 --> 00:03:27,339 And for a long time people have thought it was here in 58 00:03:27,374 --> 00:03:28,807 The azores. 59 00:03:30,644 --> 00:03:34,179 We're going down the internet wormhole following plato's clues 60 00:03:34,215 --> 00:03:37,149 And taking cues from those who've searched before us. 61 00:03:38,586 --> 00:03:42,487 Is there any evidence that atlantis was a real place? 62 00:03:43,857 --> 00:03:46,169 Many people on the internet are excited about what they 63 00:03:46,193 --> 00:03:49,628 Say is evidence of an ancient sea-faring culture lying on 64 00:03:49,663 --> 00:03:52,798 The ocean floor, right here in the azores. 65 00:03:53,934 --> 00:03:56,935 They believe this could be where atlantis washed away 66 00:03:56,971 --> 00:03:58,503 Into the sea. 67 00:04:09,183 --> 00:04:10,260 We're gonna do some diving on some 68 00:04:10,284 --> 00:04:12,184 Ancient sea-faring civilizations. 69 00:04:12,219 --> 00:04:14,186 This is where they would anchor. 70 00:04:14,388 --> 00:04:16,268 So we're gonna go see what we see. 71 00:04:17,992 --> 00:04:21,193 Geographically, some believe the azores matches 72 00:04:21,228 --> 00:04:23,228 With plato's description. 73 00:04:23,264 --> 00:04:25,931 He said you go through the pillars of hercules, 74 00:04:25,966 --> 00:04:29,501 Which is the gateway from the med into the atlantic, 75 00:04:29,536 --> 00:04:32,437 Or what we now call the strait of gibraltar. 76 00:04:32,473 --> 00:04:35,207 But then out in the atlantic somewhere lies the 77 00:04:35,242 --> 00:04:37,075 Island of atlantis. 78 00:05:45,846 --> 00:05:48,091 Sam: So, there were a lot of old anchors down there. 79 00:05:48,115 --> 00:05:52,551 Some as maybe old as 16th, 15th century. 80 00:05:53,454 --> 00:05:59,057 But nothing was old enough to be in the atlantian era. 81 00:05:59,960 --> 00:06:01,626 So we'll keep looking. 82 00:06:02,763 --> 00:06:05,430 In plato's texts, timaeus and critias, 83 00:06:05,466 --> 00:06:07,699 Written in the 4th century b.C. 84 00:06:07,735 --> 00:06:10,635 He describes an island of limitless wealth that was 85 00:06:10,671 --> 00:06:13,472 Built by the greek god, poseidon. 86 00:06:14,141 --> 00:06:16,608 Now one of the clear signifiers of atlantis was 87 00:06:16,643 --> 00:06:20,746 That it was built in these great concentric circles. 88 00:06:21,048 --> 00:06:25,083 There were three giant rings of land and three rings of water 89 00:06:25,119 --> 00:06:27,197 And in the middle of all that was a temple that had 90 00:06:27,221 --> 00:06:30,322 Walls of silver and gold and a pillar inscribed with 91 00:06:30,357 --> 00:06:32,290 Commands from poseidon. 92 00:06:32,326 --> 00:06:35,060 Now on the pillar were mighty curses to be invoked on those 93 00:06:35,095 --> 00:06:37,796 Who went against the will of the gods. 94 00:06:37,831 --> 00:06:41,433 So when the atlantians eventually fell from grace, 95 00:06:41,468 --> 00:06:44,469 Zeus and poseidon were rightfully pissed and they 96 00:06:44,505 --> 00:06:47,706 Caused the entire island to be swallowed up by earthquakes 97 00:06:47,741 --> 00:06:51,376 And floods and it sank into the sea. 98 00:06:56,250 --> 00:06:58,683 So atlantis existed as a myth, you know, 99 00:06:58,719 --> 00:07:04,055 As an allegory, but plato insists that atlantis is real, 100 00:07:04,091 --> 00:07:07,659 Repeatedly and then it was 10,000 years ago 101 00:07:07,694 --> 00:07:10,228 Or 9,000 years ago. 102 00:07:10,264 --> 00:07:14,666 That's a long time for accuracy if you're plato. 103 00:07:14,701 --> 00:07:18,770 I've gotta say he's not doin' a lot of hydrocarbon dating. 104 00:07:18,806 --> 00:07:22,040 I'm skeptical of plato's accuracy on that assessment. 105 00:07:22,075 --> 00:07:23,942 But he insists it's real. 106 00:07:25,779 --> 00:07:29,080 Now that's the question that's caused a lot of debate in the last, 107 00:07:29,116 --> 00:07:32,217 I dunno, 2,500 years. 108 00:07:32,719 --> 00:07:35,720 Most scholars think that plato invented atlantis as a way to 109 00:07:35,756 --> 00:07:38,356 Teach people about morality. 110 00:07:39,393 --> 00:07:41,037 But others believe that the island could have been 111 00:07:41,061 --> 00:07:45,130 Inspired by an actual place or several different places. 112 00:07:48,268 --> 00:07:50,435 I'm gonna investigate whether there's any scientific 113 00:07:50,471 --> 00:07:54,072 Evidence that atlantis truly existed, 114 00:07:54,107 --> 00:07:56,074 Because if there is it could be found. 115 00:08:20,267 --> 00:08:22,934 Nuno ribiero is an archaeologist and he thinks 116 00:08:22,970 --> 00:08:26,638 These piles of rocks found on pico island in the azores are 117 00:08:26,673 --> 00:08:29,307 Evidence of a lost sea-faring culture. 118 00:08:53,400 --> 00:08:56,334 Sam: So there's things inside of these pyramids? 119 00:08:56,370 --> 00:08:58,537 Nuno: Yes. 120 00:09:09,016 --> 00:09:11,983 Sam: Oh right, like a uterus or a womb. 121 00:09:12,019 --> 00:09:12,884 Nuno: Yes. 122 00:09:12,920 --> 00:09:15,020 Sam: The womb of a woman, right. Nuno: Yes. 123 00:09:28,468 --> 00:09:32,037 Sam: So maybe like a special place for rituals or doing a 124 00:09:32,072 --> 00:09:34,506 Ceremony of some kind or religion or whatever. 125 00:09:37,044 --> 00:09:38,054 Sam: This is that old? 126 00:09:38,078 --> 00:09:39,578 That's, that's crazy. 127 00:09:39,613 --> 00:09:42,347 Nuno: It's fantastic. Sam: Very fantastic, yeah. 128 00:09:44,618 --> 00:09:46,885 But when it comes to ground-breaking theories, 129 00:09:46,920 --> 00:09:50,455 By definition you court controversy. 130 00:09:50,657 --> 00:09:53,992 And nuno believes that the portuguese government maybe 131 00:09:54,027 --> 00:09:56,428 Seeking to discredit his findings. 132 00:10:01,234 --> 00:10:02,534 So you have these artefacts and 133 00:10:02,569 --> 00:10:04,402 Sam: You're gonna test them? Nuno: Yeah. 134 00:10:12,446 --> 00:10:14,646 Sam: Why does he think the government resists? 135 00:10:16,416 --> 00:10:18,950 Sam: Nationalism. 136 00:10:18,986 --> 00:10:21,230 Nuno claims that he initially had support from the local 137 00:10:21,254 --> 00:10:24,222 Authorities to research these structures, 138 00:10:24,257 --> 00:10:28,326 But then the government in lisbon intervened and shut him down. 139 00:10:29,162 --> 00:10:33,264 So, in your opinion, how old are these pyramids? 140 00:10:44,778 --> 00:10:46,978 Sam: What sort of things did they find in there? 141 00:10:51,117 --> 00:10:53,157 Sam: The arrowheads, what were they made of? 142 00:10:53,520 --> 00:10:54,486 Sam: Stone? Nuno: Iron. 143 00:10:54,521 --> 00:10:55,632 Sam: Iron? Nuno: Yes. 144 00:10:55,656 --> 00:10:56,733 Sam: And would they find iron here? 145 00:10:56,757 --> 00:10:57,989 Nuno: No, no. 146 00:10:58,025 --> 00:11:00,392 Sam: There's no iron. So they came from somewhere. 147 00:11:00,427 --> 00:11:02,227 Nuno: Yes. 148 00:11:03,664 --> 00:11:06,798 Sam: Probably that shows signs of a sea-faring people, 149 00:11:06,833 --> 00:11:08,144 Sam: Came out of the med. Nuno: Yes. 150 00:11:08,168 --> 00:11:10,046 Sam: Through the pillars of hercules. 151 00:11:10,070 --> 00:11:11,936 Nuno: Yeah. 152 00:11:13,907 --> 00:11:15,573 Sam: Mm-hm. 153 00:11:15,609 --> 00:11:17,676 Starting to sound like atlantis to me. 154 00:11:28,922 --> 00:11:31,489 Sam: Plato's utopian society called atlantis, 155 00:11:31,525 --> 00:11:35,060 Is said to have been lost to the world 12,000 years ago. 156 00:11:35,095 --> 00:11:39,164 Now is it possible that this mythical city may actually be real? 157 00:11:39,199 --> 00:11:41,310 Well an internet search for the answers may point you in 158 00:11:41,334 --> 00:11:44,002 The direction of the azores, an archipelago in the 159 00:11:44,037 --> 00:11:46,504 Mid-atlantic, controlled by portugal. 160 00:11:46,540 --> 00:11:50,175 But there, mysterious ruins have sparked a heated debate. 161 00:11:51,378 --> 00:11:55,847 The portuguese government did an official archaeological investigation 162 00:11:55,882 --> 00:11:56,993 And they concluded there was 163 00:11:57,017 --> 00:12:01,152 No evidence of settlements older than 600 years. 164 00:12:01,655 --> 00:12:04,389 But one archaeologist, nuno ribiero thinks someone 165 00:12:04,424 --> 00:12:07,459 Else inhabited the azores long before that. 166 00:12:09,663 --> 00:12:11,074 He's brought me to another island, 167 00:12:11,098 --> 00:12:13,631 Just east of the structures we saw on pico, 168 00:12:13,667 --> 00:12:15,467 To try and prove it. 169 00:12:27,047 --> 00:12:29,848 Sam: Oh wow, wow! 170 00:12:29,883 --> 00:12:32,550 Nuno: You see the, the stones. 171 00:12:32,586 --> 00:12:34,753 Sam: The arch? Nuno: On the top, yes. 172 00:12:34,788 --> 00:12:40,058 Sam: Yeah, this is 100% for sure pre-roman this structure. 173 00:12:43,296 --> 00:12:46,331 Man: They are bronze age or maybe old. 174 00:12:46,366 --> 00:12:48,533 Nuno: I think it's more old. 175 00:12:49,269 --> 00:12:52,737 Sam: So this structure proves that there were people here 176 00:12:52,773 --> 00:12:57,041 Before the portuguese came. 177 00:12:57,077 --> 00:12:58,910 Nuno: Yes. 178 00:13:06,353 --> 00:13:09,387 Sam: Although not everyone agrees with nuno's theory, 179 00:13:09,422 --> 00:13:12,056 If there was in fact a mysterious people that lived 180 00:13:12,092 --> 00:13:16,561 Here millennia ago, is there any evidence that they could 181 00:13:16,596 --> 00:13:19,397 Be connected to the story of atlantis? 182 00:13:24,337 --> 00:13:26,404 Sam: There. Nuno: Oh yes. 183 00:13:28,275 --> 00:13:33,077 Sam: What is this? What is it the symbol for? 184 00:13:47,627 --> 00:13:50,728 Sam: It's a symbol that some people think is atlantis? 185 00:13:50,764 --> 00:13:52,597 Nuno: Yes. 186 00:14:02,709 --> 00:14:06,211 Sam: Yeah, I mean potentially there could be a whole, 187 00:14:06,246 --> 00:14:09,347 You know, civilization that was in these islands. 188 00:14:09,382 --> 00:14:11,216 Nuno: Yes. 189 00:14:22,963 --> 00:14:24,996 Sam: Oh really? 190 00:14:25,031 --> 00:14:26,865 Sam: Wow. 191 00:14:30,570 --> 00:14:35,173 Sam: While the theory of a lost civilization here is pretty compelling, 192 00:14:35,208 --> 00:14:38,676 There are a lot of competing theories out there 193 00:14:38,712 --> 00:14:41,479 And we can't just focus on the azores. 194 00:14:47,220 --> 00:14:49,420 We found a lot of interesting stuff here, 195 00:14:49,456 --> 00:14:53,291 But really if we're gonna test this idea of atlantis, 196 00:14:53,326 --> 00:14:56,527 We have to do a more critical breakdown of 197 00:14:56,563 --> 00:14:58,930 What plato wrote about atlantis. 198 00:15:01,067 --> 00:15:04,369 ♪ ♪ 199 00:15:05,739 --> 00:15:11,409 And luckily for us, we found a guy in morocco who has done a 200 00:15:11,444 --> 00:15:16,648 Ton of statistical research about plato's writings about atlantis. 201 00:15:16,683 --> 00:15:21,452 So we're gonna go to morocco and we'll have the real clues. 202 00:15:24,357 --> 00:15:26,391 Hey guys, pack up, we're goin' to africa. 203 00:15:29,062 --> 00:15:30,895 Sam: Yeah, now. 204 00:15:44,344 --> 00:15:47,178 Sam: Over 2,000 years ago, plato wrote about a mythical 205 00:15:47,213 --> 00:15:50,448 Island that sank beneath the waves and people have been 206 00:15:50,483 --> 00:15:52,984 Obsessed with finding it ever since. 207 00:15:53,820 --> 00:15:55,320 Is their search futile or 208 00:15:55,355 --> 00:15:58,256 Could the fabled city actually be real? 209 00:15:58,291 --> 00:16:01,259 Following clues from a few of my chat room buddies and also 210 00:16:01,294 --> 00:16:04,095 A real lead from a german scientist, 211 00:16:04,130 --> 00:16:08,499 Sebastian hubner, we're goin' to morocco. 212 00:16:14,941 --> 00:16:16,808 (car honking) 213 00:16:19,779 --> 00:16:23,681 (speaking in native language) 214 00:16:28,188 --> 00:16:30,154 It's really refreshing and pleasant. 215 00:16:32,025 --> 00:16:35,526 ♪ ♪ 216 00:16:48,141 --> 00:16:49,919 When plato wrote about atlantis, 217 00:16:49,943 --> 00:16:52,477 He spent an inordinate amount of words describing the 218 00:16:52,512 --> 00:16:55,480 Geographical features of the fabled island. 219 00:16:56,549 --> 00:16:58,383 Some call them clues. 220 00:16:59,486 --> 00:17:01,152 Sebastian. 221 00:17:01,187 --> 00:17:03,521 Sebastian hubner's late brother, michael, 222 00:17:03,556 --> 00:17:06,624 Developed a sophisticated computer program 223 00:17:06,659 --> 00:17:09,427 That attempted to find atlantis by using an algorithm 224 00:17:09,462 --> 00:17:11,562 To analyze plato's text. 225 00:17:11,865 --> 00:17:14,198 Sebastian stepped in to help. 226 00:17:16,703 --> 00:17:18,669 Thinking atlantis is a real place. 227 00:17:27,047 --> 00:17:28,880 Sam: Right. 228 00:17:39,325 --> 00:17:40,258 Sam: Yeah. 229 00:17:40,293 --> 00:17:42,427 Sebastian: My brother developed a quite 230 00:17:42,462 --> 00:17:46,164 Sophisticated method to analyze the text of plato, 231 00:17:46,199 --> 00:17:51,669 In order to generate location hypothesis of that country 232 00:17:51,704 --> 00:17:53,704 That plato had in mind. 233 00:17:53,740 --> 00:17:57,141 Sam: So tell me how the analysis of the text worked? 234 00:17:57,177 --> 00:18:00,411 Sebastian: You can extract from the text all kinds of 235 00:18:00,447 --> 00:18:05,149 Features and put them into an algorithm that maps these 236 00:18:05,185 --> 00:18:09,720 Features onto the surface of the earth and then you can 237 00:18:09,756 --> 00:18:13,858 Compute a probability of the location of that country 238 00:18:13,893 --> 00:18:15,560 Plato had in mind. 239 00:18:15,595 --> 00:18:17,673 Sam: Do you wanna show me the program and show me how it worked, 240 00:18:17,697 --> 00:18:20,198 As best you can? 241 00:18:20,233 --> 00:18:25,002 Sebastian: You have now a list of about 50, 51 of these features. 242 00:18:25,038 --> 00:18:26,270 Sam: Oh wow. 243 00:18:26,306 --> 00:18:30,775 In plato's text he gives 51 very specific details about atlantis. 244 00:18:30,810 --> 00:18:35,780 Large mountains to the north, elephants are nearby. 245 00:18:36,116 --> 00:18:38,950 So what michael hubner did is try to assign a yes or no to 246 00:18:38,985 --> 00:18:41,919 Each feature in relation to whether it could have existed 247 00:18:41,955 --> 00:18:44,188 At a modern day location. 248 00:18:44,224 --> 00:18:46,368 This is with the assumption that plato is basing atlantis 249 00:18:46,392 --> 00:18:49,327 On one place and not multiple locations. 250 00:18:49,362 --> 00:18:52,897 For example, is it likely that someone saw elephants on the 251 00:18:52,932 --> 00:18:55,766 North western coast of africa? 252 00:18:55,969 --> 00:18:58,970 Yeah. In the azores? 253 00:18:59,005 --> 00:19:02,306 Mm, not likely. 254 00:19:02,342 --> 00:19:05,176 Sebastian: When you have a look at these features, 255 00:19:05,211 --> 00:19:07,612 The areas where it's already highlighted, 256 00:19:07,647 --> 00:19:09,080 It's here in green. 257 00:19:09,115 --> 00:19:11,260 Sam: Yeah, okay, so what if you click all these now? 258 00:19:11,284 --> 00:19:14,819 What happens if you just hit every single one on there? 259 00:19:19,759 --> 00:19:23,427 Sebastian: Now it highlights this particular region and the region 260 00:19:23,463 --> 00:19:27,598 Measures 200 by 200 kilometers roughly. 261 00:19:28,501 --> 00:19:32,170 It cannot be elsewhere because I have here a certain 262 00:19:32,205 --> 00:19:35,139 Probability that it is here and it's about 263 00:19:35,175 --> 00:19:38,676 One to ten million that it is by chance. 264 00:19:40,880 --> 00:19:42,091 Sam: So you're killin' me here. 265 00:19:42,115 --> 00:19:44,582 Where is it? What's the spot? 266 00:19:44,617 --> 00:19:45,761 This is like a hitchcock film, 267 00:19:45,785 --> 00:19:47,885 You're gonna draw this out aren't you? 268 00:19:48,821 --> 00:19:54,325 Sebastian: Yeah, the name is called souss-massa region in morocco. 269 00:19:55,895 --> 00:19:57,039 Sam: Well so when you went there, 270 00:19:57,063 --> 00:19:58,696 What did you find? 271 00:19:59,866 --> 00:20:02,200 Sebastian: Plato said plans was constructed 272 00:20:02,235 --> 00:20:05,836 With red, black and white rocks. 273 00:20:07,473 --> 00:20:11,542 It's actually the first thing that you see when you go there. 274 00:20:16,916 --> 00:20:19,183 Sam: So do you think you've found the city that 275 00:20:19,219 --> 00:20:21,452 Plato was thinking of? 276 00:20:24,857 --> 00:20:28,192 Sebastian: Yes. It's the only place where it can be. 277 00:20:31,798 --> 00:20:33,598 Sam: Woo, alright. 278 00:20:33,633 --> 00:20:35,466 Here we are. 279 00:20:35,501 --> 00:20:37,335 Wow. 280 00:20:37,370 --> 00:20:39,203 Interesting, very interesting. 281 00:20:52,619 --> 00:20:54,597 Sam: A german computer specialist created a 282 00:20:54,621 --> 00:20:57,321 Probability map using plato's text. 283 00:20:57,357 --> 00:20:58,867 His goal, with the help of his brother, 284 00:20:58,891 --> 00:21:02,793 Was to find the most likely location where atlantis would be. 285 00:21:02,829 --> 00:21:04,440 According to hubner's algorithm, 286 00:21:04,464 --> 00:21:10,434 There's a 99.9% chance that atlantis is located in an area 287 00:21:10,470 --> 00:21:13,504 Of morocco known as the souss-massa plain. 288 00:21:14,841 --> 00:21:18,643 Now that's if it's real and admittedly that's a pretty big if. 289 00:21:18,678 --> 00:21:21,646 When I told my buddy I was heading to morocco to look for atlantis, 290 00:21:21,681 --> 00:21:23,114 You know, he made fun of me. 291 00:21:23,149 --> 00:21:25,294 But then after thinking about it for about 12 seconds, 292 00:21:25,318 --> 00:21:28,085 He said, "wait, I wanna come, man." 293 00:21:29,989 --> 00:21:31,722 Sam: Woo, alright. 294 00:21:31,758 --> 00:21:33,758 Eric: Wow. Sam: So this is it? 295 00:21:33,793 --> 00:21:35,593 Eric: Yeah, look at this. 296 00:21:35,628 --> 00:21:37,628 Sam: Eric drummond flew into meet me. 297 00:21:37,664 --> 00:21:40,765 He's a world class geologist and he'd always wanted to see 298 00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:42,900 The souss-massa plain. 299 00:21:43,002 --> 00:21:44,580 And since we're on nat geo's dime, 300 00:21:44,604 --> 00:21:47,638 I said, "dude, have an extra slow gin fizz on the flight, 301 00:21:47,674 --> 00:21:50,341 We gotta stay loose, we gotta stay flexible if we're gonna 302 00:21:50,376 --> 00:21:53,044 Find evidence that matches plato's accounts of what 303 00:21:53,079 --> 00:21:54,645 Happened to atlantis." 304 00:21:54,681 --> 00:21:57,682 Eric: You nice these beds that are comin' up from the ocean 305 00:21:57,717 --> 00:22:00,151 Are steeply dipping to the south. 306 00:22:00,186 --> 00:22:01,285 Sam: Right. 307 00:22:01,321 --> 00:22:03,587 Eric: And they're cutting into the formation there. 308 00:22:03,623 --> 00:22:04,722 Sam: Okay. 309 00:22:04,757 --> 00:22:06,435 Eric: That's what's called an angular unconformity. 310 00:22:06,459 --> 00:22:07,591 Sam: Okay. 311 00:22:07,627 --> 00:22:10,194 Eric: Okay, so there was a change in deposition there. 312 00:22:10,229 --> 00:22:11,562 And so somethin' big happened. 313 00:22:11,597 --> 00:22:14,365 There was a big tectonic event that tilted these beds. 314 00:22:14,400 --> 00:22:18,336 Sam: With some giant incredible apocryphal seismic activity. 315 00:22:18,371 --> 00:22:21,839 In plato's account of the destruction of atlantis, 316 00:22:21,874 --> 00:22:24,208 After violent earthquakes and floods, 317 00:22:24,243 --> 00:22:28,079 The entire island sank into the depths of the sea. 318 00:22:28,448 --> 00:22:30,559 Eric: The other interesting feature is that you have 319 00:22:30,583 --> 00:22:32,817 Resistant beds which are forming the ridges. 320 00:22:32,852 --> 00:22:33,784 Sam: Okay. 321 00:22:33,820 --> 00:22:35,764 Eric: And then you've got some softer beds and 322 00:22:35,788 --> 00:22:38,456 That's forming caves in there. 323 00:22:38,491 --> 00:22:41,959 It looks like they may be enhanced by human activity. 324 00:22:43,396 --> 00:22:48,833 Sam: Plato wrote that atlantis had a complement of 1,200 ships. 325 00:22:49,102 --> 00:22:51,335 They would have had to dock somewhere. 326 00:22:51,371 --> 00:22:53,571 Eric: You can look at the surrounding point, 327 00:22:53,606 --> 00:22:55,484 This is about the only beach around here. 328 00:22:55,508 --> 00:22:57,586 So if you were out fishing and you were in trouble, 329 00:22:57,610 --> 00:23:00,845 You'd land your boat here, you'd pull it up as far as you could, 330 00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:02,191 You'd seek shelter under the caves. 331 00:23:02,215 --> 00:23:05,149 Sam: So if atlantis had a sea-faring, 332 00:23:05,184 --> 00:23:07,685 You know, navy they might have been based here? 333 00:23:07,720 --> 00:23:09,420 Eric: Yeah. 334 00:23:11,290 --> 00:23:15,693 Sam: One of the signifiers for atlantis was red, white and black rock. 335 00:23:15,728 --> 00:23:16,794 Eric: Mm-hm. 336 00:23:16,829 --> 00:23:18,374 Sam: And I see some of that here. 337 00:23:18,398 --> 00:23:20,231 Eric: Yes. 338 00:23:21,401 --> 00:23:24,001 The description of black red and white, 339 00:23:24,036 --> 00:23:27,538 Your black rocks, out in the sea there, 340 00:23:27,573 --> 00:23:29,807 Okay, your red, right above us, 341 00:23:29,842 --> 00:23:31,409 This little arm, right. 342 00:23:31,444 --> 00:23:34,078 And then you see a little pinch out of white rock. 343 00:23:34,113 --> 00:23:35,724 Sam: Right, way up there, that's the white. 344 00:23:35,748 --> 00:23:37,548 Eric: Yeah. 345 00:23:37,717 --> 00:23:39,261 Sam: Well that's one of the things we're looking for. 346 00:23:39,285 --> 00:23:41,118 Eric: Another clue. Sam: Cool. 347 00:23:42,622 --> 00:23:47,491 ♪ ♪ 348 00:23:55,601 --> 00:23:59,270 The limestone cliffs that form the coastline are breathtaking. 349 00:23:59,305 --> 00:24:01,583 It's crazy to think that these rocks are made entirely of 350 00:24:01,607 --> 00:24:04,275 Things that were once alive, things that died and sank to 351 00:24:04,310 --> 00:24:07,778 The bottom of the ocean, only to return as rock. 352 00:24:11,784 --> 00:24:15,052 And then there's the people who met their end on the open water. 353 00:24:15,087 --> 00:24:18,956 The great explorers who left their old world in pursuit of treasure, 354 00:24:18,991 --> 00:24:22,893 Pursuit of fame, pursuit of the unknown. 355 00:24:23,129 --> 00:24:26,430 As I ride on this bus, further into the souss-massa plain 356 00:24:26,466 --> 00:24:29,733 I find myself thinking about just the lengths that men go 357 00:24:29,769 --> 00:24:33,671 To venture into the unknown, just for the sake of it? 358 00:24:36,709 --> 00:24:39,443 Mankind's insatiable curiosity, 359 00:24:39,479 --> 00:24:43,681 It's part of us, it's part of what led us to unprecedented 360 00:24:43,716 --> 00:24:45,749 Evolutionary success. 361 00:24:45,785 --> 00:24:48,419 But it can also lead to our own destruction. 362 00:24:48,454 --> 00:24:51,155 And so here I am, on the other side of the world and 363 00:24:51,190 --> 00:24:54,592 My wife and my son and dog are goin' on without me, 364 00:24:54,627 --> 00:24:56,004 I'm searching for something that at first 365 00:24:56,028 --> 00:24:58,095 I didn't even believe existed. 366 00:24:58,130 --> 00:25:02,233 Is that weird or is it just human nature? 367 00:25:02,568 --> 00:25:04,602 It's weird, right? 368 00:25:05,671 --> 00:25:07,171 Now here's a serious question. 369 00:25:07,206 --> 00:25:08,305 Eric: Okay. 370 00:25:08,341 --> 00:25:10,385 Sam: Have you ever had gold fever or like seen it? 371 00:25:10,409 --> 00:25:13,344 Eric: Oh yeah, I've had bad cases of gold fever. 372 00:25:13,379 --> 00:25:14,556 Sam: What does it do to you? 373 00:25:14,580 --> 00:25:16,124 Eric: It does weird things to people. 374 00:25:16,148 --> 00:25:18,048 For me, it just possesses me. 375 00:25:18,084 --> 00:25:20,384 It does really strange things to people. 376 00:25:20,419 --> 00:25:23,020 And you put the gold ahead of human life. 377 00:25:23,055 --> 00:25:23,921 Sam: Human life, yeah. 378 00:25:23,956 --> 00:25:25,122 Or your own life? 379 00:25:25,157 --> 00:25:27,202 Eric: Or your own life or others around you. 380 00:25:27,226 --> 00:25:30,828 Sam: Yeah, it's like we're built to like seek things, 381 00:25:30,863 --> 00:25:32,129 Not have things. 382 00:25:32,164 --> 00:25:33,509 You want what you have to pursue, 383 00:25:33,533 --> 00:25:35,666 You don't want what you have. 384 00:25:35,701 --> 00:25:39,036 Yeah, I feel like there's a part of the atlantis myth that 385 00:25:39,071 --> 00:25:42,172 Has a treasure hunter element to it. 386 00:25:42,208 --> 00:25:43,741 Eric: Yeah. 387 00:25:43,776 --> 00:25:47,244 Sam: There's like an intersection of greed and myth 388 00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:50,147 And fantasy and, you know, it's sort of wild. 389 00:25:51,584 --> 00:25:54,852 Now after spending a couple of months in the atlantis wormhole, 390 00:25:54,887 --> 00:25:57,521 Reading plato, pondering the ancients, 391 00:25:57,557 --> 00:26:00,524 Now part of me wants atlantis to be real. 392 00:26:00,560 --> 00:26:02,593 Now maybe it's just contrariness or maybe I'm 393 00:26:02,628 --> 00:26:05,195 Being seduced by the legend. 394 00:26:05,965 --> 00:26:10,601 ♪ ♪ 395 00:26:12,872 --> 00:26:14,983 But now as we arrive a few miles inland from the 396 00:26:15,007 --> 00:26:18,576 Rocky cliffs of the souss-massa coast, 397 00:26:19,178 --> 00:26:21,123 We find drastically different terrain. 398 00:26:21,147 --> 00:26:24,481 It's disappointing for a hopeful atlantis seeker. 399 00:26:26,586 --> 00:26:29,753 This guy, sebastian hubner and his brother, michael 400 00:26:29,789 --> 00:26:33,223 Did this high-end statistical probability map and, 401 00:26:33,259 --> 00:26:36,293 You know, the numbers say atlantis was in this area up 402 00:26:36,329 --> 00:26:40,030 In these mountains, they're somewhere in the fog in front of us. 403 00:26:40,232 --> 00:26:43,434 My question is, atlantis was surrounded by water, 404 00:26:43,469 --> 00:26:44,735 I don't see any water. 405 00:26:44,770 --> 00:26:47,304 Was there water in this area at some point? 406 00:26:47,340 --> 00:26:50,474 Eric: To verify that, we can drill down into the soil. 407 00:26:50,509 --> 00:26:52,588 Sam: Okay. Eric: And take some soil samples. 408 00:26:52,612 --> 00:26:54,411 Sam: Okay. 409 00:26:55,348 --> 00:26:57,548 Eric: Look, look here comes our drill rig. 410 00:27:01,153 --> 00:27:03,153 Yeah, let's go back out of the way. 411 00:27:04,523 --> 00:27:06,435 Number one, we're looking for organic material. 412 00:27:06,459 --> 00:27:08,099 Sam: Okay. Eric: A reddish-brown soil. 413 00:27:08,127 --> 00:27:11,428 Number two, if we intersect an old stream channel. 414 00:27:11,464 --> 00:27:12,796 Sam: Okay. 415 00:27:12,832 --> 00:27:15,277 Eric: The third thing we'd be lookin' for is a thing called caliche, 416 00:27:15,301 --> 00:27:17,267 Eric: It's a natural cement. Sam: Okay. 417 00:27:17,303 --> 00:27:21,005 Eric: And it forms as a result of fluctuating groundwater levels. 418 00:27:24,844 --> 00:27:27,311 Sam: Eric estimates that the surface layer from the days of 419 00:27:27,346 --> 00:27:31,248 Atlantis would now be buried 5 feet to 10 feet underground. 420 00:27:31,283 --> 00:27:33,984 By digging down to that layer we can get a clear picture of 421 00:27:34,020 --> 00:27:37,621 What this area might have looked like 12,000 years ago. 422 00:27:38,557 --> 00:27:41,625 For the hubner brothers' theory to have any credibility, 423 00:27:41,661 --> 00:27:43,505 We're gonna need to see some signs that this 424 00:27:43,529 --> 00:27:46,330 Desert was abundant with fresh water, 425 00:27:46,365 --> 00:27:50,267 Because plato wrote of fertile plains around the entire island. 426 00:27:50,302 --> 00:27:53,570 Eric: So what I'm doing here is just makin' a boring log out of this. 427 00:27:53,606 --> 00:27:55,550 Sam: Maybe we should make an exciting log out of it. 428 00:27:55,574 --> 00:27:58,242 One that's really good. 429 00:27:58,344 --> 00:28:00,344 Eric: You're getting the geology humor. 430 00:28:04,784 --> 00:28:06,684 (indistinctive chatter) 431 00:28:07,420 --> 00:28:10,187 Sam: The drilling rig has reached 8 feet down. 432 00:28:10,222 --> 00:28:12,401 This is the layer of soil dating back an estimated 433 00:28:12,425 --> 00:28:16,960 12,000 years to the time plato said atlantis existed. 434 00:28:17,897 --> 00:28:20,964 But eric knows we need to find a rock-solid layer of dirt to 435 00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:23,367 Show that there was water here at that time. 436 00:28:48,294 --> 00:28:51,261 Eric: Now we're getting to a light material. 437 00:28:52,298 --> 00:28:54,042 Sam: So what did we reach here? 438 00:28:54,066 --> 00:28:55,933 What do we think this is? 439 00:28:55,968 --> 00:28:58,013 Eric: We found the caliche layer I was talking about. 440 00:28:58,037 --> 00:28:59,203 Sam: Right. 441 00:28:59,238 --> 00:29:02,106 Eric: And that's the cemented calcium carbonate zone and 442 00:29:02,141 --> 00:29:05,042 That's caused by fluctuating ground water back 443 00:29:05,077 --> 00:29:08,445 Around 5,000 to 12,000 years ago. 444 00:29:09,582 --> 00:29:12,015 Sam: So there was enough ground water that it would 445 00:29:12,051 --> 00:29:13,317 Have meant a green sahara. 446 00:29:13,352 --> 00:29:14,763 Eric: Absolutely. Sam: Which would have meant 447 00:29:14,787 --> 00:29:17,821 Trees and grass, lakes, streams. 448 00:29:17,857 --> 00:29:18,857 Eric: Exactly. 449 00:29:18,891 --> 00:29:21,859 Sam: Anything 5,000 years ago and deeper, 450 00:29:21,894 --> 00:29:24,094 This was a green verdant valley. 451 00:29:24,130 --> 00:29:26,196 Eric: Yes. 452 00:29:26,232 --> 00:29:28,098 We found another clue. 453 00:29:37,710 --> 00:29:39,710 Used some of the core 454 00:29:39,745 --> 00:29:42,479 Samples we took in the souss-massa plain in morocco 455 00:29:42,515 --> 00:29:44,848 To repaint what this region might have looked like during 456 00:29:44,884 --> 00:29:47,317 The time plato says atlantis existed, 457 00:29:47,353 --> 00:29:49,853 12,000 years ago. 458 00:29:51,157 --> 00:29:54,458 So picture the sahara desert, but totally transformed and 459 00:29:54,493 --> 00:29:56,627 Packed with hippos and elephants, 460 00:29:56,662 --> 00:29:58,206 Giraffes at the watering holes, 461 00:29:58,230 --> 00:30:00,430 Grazing on lush grass. 462 00:30:00,466 --> 00:30:03,000 This is the green sahara theory. 463 00:30:11,677 --> 00:30:13,088 Eric: Hey sam, I wanna show you something here. 464 00:30:13,112 --> 00:30:14,211 Sam: Okay. 465 00:30:14,246 --> 00:30:17,014 Eric and I take the map of the green sahara as it was 466 00:30:17,049 --> 00:30:21,351 12,000 years ago and lay it over the present-day satellite map. 467 00:30:21,387 --> 00:30:23,987 This entire area would have had fertile plains as 468 00:30:24,023 --> 00:30:26,323 Atlantis was said to have. 469 00:30:26,358 --> 00:30:29,793 Combining that with the hubner brothers' probability map, 470 00:30:29,829 --> 00:30:32,262 We can now cruise along the western desert and look for 471 00:30:32,298 --> 00:30:34,698 Anything that stands out. 472 00:30:34,733 --> 00:30:37,334 Eric: Take a look at this structure here. 473 00:30:39,405 --> 00:30:40,571 Okay right here, 474 00:30:40,639 --> 00:30:42,317 Eric: We seen it come out. Sam: Oh yeah. 475 00:30:42,341 --> 00:30:45,809 And eric immediately navigates us to a geological structure 476 00:30:45,845 --> 00:30:48,879 That definitely does just that. 477 00:30:48,914 --> 00:30:50,047 Eric: Isn't that amazing. 478 00:30:50,082 --> 00:30:51,882 Sam: What is that? 479 00:30:53,619 --> 00:30:56,420 Eric: It's called the richat structure. 480 00:30:56,455 --> 00:30:59,489 That thing is about 25 miles in diameter. 481 00:30:59,525 --> 00:31:01,036 Sam: How did you hear about it? 482 00:31:01,060 --> 00:31:02,337 Eric: I done a little research on it. 483 00:31:02,361 --> 00:31:03,260 Sam: Wow. 484 00:31:03,295 --> 00:31:05,429 Eric: The formation was actually formed by a 485 00:31:05,464 --> 00:31:10,200 Volcanic plug underneath it, pushing upwards on strata and it 486 00:31:10,236 --> 00:31:12,936 Formed these concentric circles where the ridges are 487 00:31:12,972 --> 00:31:16,940 The more resistant rock and the valleys are the less resistant. 488 00:31:17,610 --> 00:31:21,612 Sam: Right, so we've got actually, we've got two rings of earth and possibly 489 00:31:21,647 --> 00:31:24,481 Three rings that could have been filled with water. 490 00:31:24,516 --> 00:31:26,550 Eric: We have evidence of that too. 491 00:31:26,585 --> 00:31:28,886 Eric: See this white area here? Sam: Mm-hm. 492 00:31:28,921 --> 00:31:30,532 Eric: That's what's called a playa lake. 493 00:31:30,556 --> 00:31:32,167 Sam: A playa lake. Eric: Mm-hm. 494 00:31:32,191 --> 00:31:34,491 So it's the remains of an ancient lake bed. 495 00:31:34,526 --> 00:31:35,626 Sam: Okay. 496 00:31:35,661 --> 00:31:36,593 Eric: And it's known that there were 497 00:31:36,629 --> 00:31:38,662 Freshwater fossils there found. 498 00:31:38,697 --> 00:31:39,774 Sam: So there was freshwater? 499 00:31:39,798 --> 00:31:41,176 Eric: There was freshwater within that. 500 00:31:41,200 --> 00:31:42,310 Sam: There was a lake there, 501 00:31:42,334 --> 00:31:46,703 A very different africa than is there today. 502 00:31:46,739 --> 00:31:51,708 Wow, so there was three rings of water and two rings of earth. 503 00:31:52,544 --> 00:31:54,978 I mean, look at these rings. 504 00:31:55,014 --> 00:31:57,214 This is pretty sweet. 505 00:31:57,249 --> 00:31:59,027 Eric: And so it's considerably inland. 506 00:31:59,051 --> 00:32:00,350 Sam: Yeah. 507 00:32:00,386 --> 00:32:03,353 Eric: It would have been inundated by any sea level rise 508 00:32:03,389 --> 00:32:06,156 Because it's too far inland and it's too high in elevation. 509 00:32:06,191 --> 00:32:09,726 Eric: But, maybe we could have an inland sea there. Sam: Mm-hm. 510 00:32:09,762 --> 00:32:11,862 Eric: 25 miles is pretty damn big. 511 00:32:11,897 --> 00:32:13,697 Sam: Yeah. 512 00:32:15,534 --> 00:32:19,369 This would seem to fit the bill for an inspiration for atlantis. 513 00:32:19,405 --> 00:32:22,673 It's amazing to think that that is the exact structure 514 00:32:22,708 --> 00:32:24,107 Plato is describing. 515 00:32:24,143 --> 00:32:25,854 Eric: Yeah, it seems to fit the bill. 516 00:32:25,878 --> 00:32:29,579 Sam: Or it could be one of the inspiration points for atlantis. 517 00:32:29,615 --> 00:32:33,417 He may be borrowing elements from different places but 518 00:32:33,452 --> 00:32:35,030 There's nothing in the world like that, is there? 519 00:32:35,054 --> 00:32:37,988 Eric: No, it's very uh, it's very unique I think. 520 00:32:38,023 --> 00:32:39,923 Sam: That's in mauritania, right? 521 00:32:39,959 --> 00:32:41,425 Eric: Yeah. 522 00:32:41,460 --> 00:32:44,394 Sam: Although the richat is located over 700 miles south 523 00:32:44,430 --> 00:32:47,431 Of the souss-massa plain, which is where hubner's model 524 00:32:47,466 --> 00:32:51,768 Pinpoints atlantis, this lead is just too intriguing to ignore. 525 00:32:51,804 --> 00:32:55,572 This mysterious structure sits in the country of mauritania. 526 00:32:55,607 --> 00:32:57,452 If you travel east and beyond the richat, 527 00:32:57,476 --> 00:33:00,043 It turns into hundreds of square miles of desert, 528 00:33:00,079 --> 00:33:01,511 No-man's land. 529 00:33:01,547 --> 00:33:04,414 No roads, there are no towns listed on the map. 530 00:33:04,450 --> 00:33:07,017 It's in the middle of nowhere. 531 00:33:08,587 --> 00:33:10,532 And of course, when it comes to atlantis, 532 00:33:10,556 --> 00:33:12,701 The richat has long been scattered out by plenty of 533 00:33:12,725 --> 00:33:15,692 Internet sleuths, but almost no-one from the western world 534 00:33:15,728 --> 00:33:18,095 Has ever been there because of the possibility of getting 535 00:33:18,130 --> 00:33:20,230 Kidnapped or beheaded. 536 00:33:21,367 --> 00:33:24,434 Governments around the world warn against visiting. 537 00:33:24,503 --> 00:33:28,972 This obviously serves as a deterrent for most atlantis seekers. 538 00:33:32,611 --> 00:33:33,910 Josh. How are you, man? 539 00:33:33,946 --> 00:33:35,012 Josh: My pleasure. 540 00:33:35,047 --> 00:33:37,481 Sam: Josh sigurdson is one of the very few atlantis 541 00:33:37,516 --> 00:33:39,916 Enthusiasts who risked his life to investigate the 542 00:33:39,952 --> 00:33:43,086 Richat structure or the richat or the richat? 543 00:33:43,122 --> 00:33:44,566 (bleep) that doesn't sound right. 544 00:33:44,590 --> 00:33:45,989 Honestly I don't know. 545 00:33:46,025 --> 00:33:48,203 Does anyone really know how to pronounce anything? 546 00:33:48,227 --> 00:33:50,060 Just lay off. 547 00:33:50,095 --> 00:33:52,262 First of all, tell me how you got into this. 548 00:33:52,297 --> 00:33:53,842 How did this get started for you? 549 00:33:53,866 --> 00:33:58,135 Josh: Well, I heard a lot of theories about this richat structure 550 00:33:58,170 --> 00:34:01,638 In africa and apart from a couple of people over the years, 551 00:34:01,673 --> 00:34:03,351 No-one really documented the place, 552 00:34:03,375 --> 00:34:05,253 No-one actually went there on the ground. 553 00:34:05,277 --> 00:34:07,155 And I felt if no-one else is gonna do it, 554 00:34:07,179 --> 00:34:08,512 I might as well do it. 555 00:34:08,547 --> 00:34:11,081 Sam: Do you have a background in archeology or was there 556 00:34:11,116 --> 00:34:13,283 Just a what the hell kinda thing? 557 00:34:13,318 --> 00:34:14,996 Josh: I just have a passion for it. 558 00:34:15,020 --> 00:34:17,988 I always have had a passion for the idea of this place 559 00:34:18,023 --> 00:34:19,656 They call atlantis. 560 00:34:19,691 --> 00:34:22,993 Sam: So you went to the richat structure, um, 561 00:34:23,028 --> 00:34:24,339 When was this by the way, when did you go? 562 00:34:24,363 --> 00:34:25,762 Josh: This was in may 2019. 563 00:34:25,798 --> 00:34:28,298 Sam: May 2019, so recently. 564 00:34:33,005 --> 00:34:37,707 Josh: They keep taking my passport every hour or so. 565 00:34:39,745 --> 00:34:41,344 I've ended up taking a series of 566 00:34:41,380 --> 00:34:47,184 Trains, buses, boats and hitchhiking across the western sahara 567 00:34:47,219 --> 00:34:49,653 Until I got to mauritania. 568 00:34:50,055 --> 00:34:53,356 It's disputed country, it's a very volatile region. 569 00:34:53,392 --> 00:34:56,893 It's considered a red zone by many governments around the world. 570 00:34:56,929 --> 00:34:59,196 Sam: Why is mauritania on the red list? 571 00:35:01,467 --> 00:35:04,167 Josh: There have been quite a few kidnappings over the years, 572 00:35:04,203 --> 00:35:08,138 There have been beheadings and the weather is 573 00:35:08,173 --> 00:35:09,706 A factor there as well. 574 00:35:09,741 --> 00:35:11,808 120, 130 sometimes. 575 00:35:11,844 --> 00:35:13,510 Sam: Right. 576 00:35:15,080 --> 00:35:17,358 Josh: The biggest issue for me would have been crossing the 577 00:35:17,382 --> 00:35:20,250 Border from western sahara into mauritania as there's 578 00:35:20,285 --> 00:35:22,619 Still an active minefield there. 579 00:35:22,654 --> 00:35:25,288 There's a no-man's land you must cross where there's 580 00:35:25,324 --> 00:35:28,091 Exploded vehicles everywhere you look. 581 00:35:28,460 --> 00:35:30,327 The driver who brought us there, 582 00:35:30,362 --> 00:35:32,996 We paid him $150 to bring us across a minefield, 583 00:35:33,031 --> 00:35:35,599 And he's white knuckling all the way. 584 00:35:35,868 --> 00:35:38,401 Sam: So how far down in was the richat structure? 585 00:35:38,437 --> 00:35:42,539 Josh: Richat is somewhere around central mauritania and 586 00:35:42,574 --> 00:35:44,574 You basically have to go over sand dunes, 587 00:35:44,610 --> 00:35:46,610 'cause there's no more road. 588 00:35:47,146 --> 00:35:48,623 It's very evident once you get there, 589 00:35:48,647 --> 00:35:52,048 Because the first thing you see is just the circular ridge 590 00:35:52,084 --> 00:35:54,050 Of a massive structure. 591 00:35:54,086 --> 00:35:56,164 Sam: What does it look like when you're out there in it? 592 00:35:56,188 --> 00:35:59,523 Josh: It almost looks as though the whole ground, all soil, 593 00:35:59,591 --> 00:36:01,992 Was ripped away from the ground. 594 00:36:02,027 --> 00:36:04,928 It's very barren, there's salt everywhere. 595 00:36:04,963 --> 00:36:07,197 Sam: What do you think that is from? 596 00:36:07,232 --> 00:36:11,234 Josh: Well, one could theorize that the ocean 597 00:36:11,270 --> 00:36:14,271 Once reached the structure. 598 00:36:14,306 --> 00:36:17,941 I tasted the salt to ensure that it actually was salt. 599 00:36:17,976 --> 00:36:21,111 Josh: That's salt. 600 00:36:23,415 --> 00:36:25,382 That's salt. 601 00:36:26,952 --> 00:36:31,221 I bought this from a nomad at the edge of the richat structure. 602 00:36:31,256 --> 00:36:34,724 It's very typical of the region because there is an 603 00:36:34,760 --> 00:36:38,762 Interesting pattern that you see around the region. 604 00:36:39,464 --> 00:36:40,397 Sam: You know what it looks like to me, 605 00:36:40,432 --> 00:36:41,909 I mean there's the rings, right? 606 00:36:41,933 --> 00:36:44,668 That's the symbol for atlantis. 607 00:36:44,770 --> 00:36:46,648 Two rings of water and three rings of land. 608 00:36:46,672 --> 00:36:48,471 Josh: Absolutely. 609 00:36:48,507 --> 00:36:50,974 And there's evidence of ancients, 610 00:36:51,009 --> 00:36:54,244 Thousands of years ago in that region having that exact same 611 00:36:54,279 --> 00:36:58,515 Symbology utilizing this structure at some point in time. 612 00:37:04,156 --> 00:37:06,923 Sam: Talking to josh about the richat structure, 613 00:37:06,959 --> 00:37:08,558 It's problematic. 614 00:37:08,594 --> 00:37:11,494 You know, even presuming we can get in there, 615 00:37:11,530 --> 00:37:15,966 The danger factor means we can't bring an archaeological team, 616 00:37:16,001 --> 00:37:17,734 We can't bring a professor, 617 00:37:17,769 --> 00:37:21,638 There's no way anybody can set up a real dig. 618 00:37:21,807 --> 00:37:24,674 We need a way in. 619 00:37:24,710 --> 00:37:28,378 The search has shifted, along with my feelings. 620 00:37:28,413 --> 00:37:29,779 I was a pretty serious skeptic, 621 00:37:29,815 --> 00:37:31,915 But now I wanna find something. 622 00:37:33,185 --> 00:37:37,254 Maybe it's gold fever, the innate treasure hunter in everyone. 623 00:37:37,456 --> 00:37:40,323 I've fallen into the atlantis trap. 624 00:37:40,359 --> 00:37:43,760 But who wouldn't wanna find a lost utopia? 625 00:37:45,063 --> 00:37:48,698 It seems like going there is not the answer. 626 00:37:48,734 --> 00:37:49,699 Maybe there's a way to, 627 00:37:49,735 --> 00:37:53,370 You know, look from space? 628 00:37:54,673 --> 00:37:57,307 Excellent thinking, sam, there is. 629 00:37:57,342 --> 00:38:00,110 Sarah: This technology is revolutionizing our ability to 630 00:38:00,145 --> 00:38:02,012 Find things everywhere. 631 00:38:10,656 --> 00:38:12,055 Be, 632 00:38:12,090 --> 00:38:14,758 Piecing together a combination of scientific data and 633 00:38:14,793 --> 00:38:18,128 Internet conspiracy theories, in an attempt to find any 634 00:38:18,163 --> 00:38:21,398 Clues to what could have been the inspiration for plato's 635 00:38:21,433 --> 00:38:24,134 Cursed island of atlantis. 636 00:38:25,937 --> 00:38:29,239 My research has pointed me in the direction of a geological phenomenon, 637 00:38:29,274 --> 00:38:31,908 Known as the richat structure. 638 00:38:31,943 --> 00:38:35,512 But the richat is so remote and so dangerous to get to, 639 00:38:35,547 --> 00:38:39,916 My investigation almost went unfulfilled until I enlisted 640 00:38:39,951 --> 00:38:44,587 The help of a person who many consider the modern day indiana jones, 641 00:38:46,158 --> 00:38:49,726 Sarah parcak, space archaeologist. 642 00:38:49,761 --> 00:38:53,797 Sarah (over computer): It's kinda the fun name for using a series of 643 00:38:53,832 --> 00:38:58,535 Space-based or aerial tools and looking at subtle changes 644 00:38:58,570 --> 00:39:01,671 In differences on the earth's surface. 645 00:39:02,908 --> 00:39:05,642 So for example, let's just say you have a buried tomb. 646 00:39:05,677 --> 00:39:08,423 Well we all know, say going down into our cellar or a wine cellar, 647 00:39:08,447 --> 00:39:12,349 Right, it's x degrees cooler because it's buried. 648 00:39:12,384 --> 00:39:15,285 And so what we do is we look for these subtle heat 649 00:39:15,320 --> 00:39:19,189 Differences to find voids and you can clearly see the 650 00:39:19,224 --> 00:39:23,126 Square outlines, tombs, that are just like half a degree cooler 651 00:39:23,161 --> 00:39:24,694 Which is pretty awesome. 652 00:39:24,730 --> 00:39:28,098 This technology is quite literally revolutionizing 653 00:39:28,133 --> 00:39:31,301 Archeology and our ability to find things everywhere. 654 00:39:31,336 --> 00:39:33,536 Sam: So we started looking into, 655 00:39:33,572 --> 00:39:37,607 You know, where atlantis could actually be and you come 656 00:39:37,642 --> 00:39:42,645 Across this richat structure, which you can see from space. 657 00:39:42,681 --> 00:39:44,058 Is there anything interesting about the 658 00:39:44,082 --> 00:39:46,182 Richat structure as an archaeologist? 659 00:39:46,218 --> 00:39:50,220 Sarah: Well, it's sort of this sort of semi-enigmatic structure. 660 00:39:50,255 --> 00:39:52,389 I'm fascinated by it. 661 00:39:52,424 --> 00:39:56,359 We know very little archaeologically about the region. 662 00:39:56,595 --> 00:40:01,998 That whole part of africa is real unchartered territory. 663 00:40:02,033 --> 00:40:06,302 Sarah (over computer): There could potentially be some amazing things out there. 664 00:40:06,338 --> 00:40:08,738 Sam: Maybe we can find out? 665 00:40:08,774 --> 00:40:10,251 What I'm hoping is that you can, 666 00:40:10,275 --> 00:40:13,076 You know, bring some of your expertise and maybe there is 667 00:40:13,111 --> 00:40:16,045 Something to see but it just has to be from space. 668 00:40:16,081 --> 00:40:19,215 Do you think you could get the team to task a satellite? 669 00:40:19,251 --> 00:40:21,718 I've always wanted to task a satellite to something, 670 00:40:21,753 --> 00:40:23,353 So is there a chance? 671 00:40:23,388 --> 00:40:26,990 Sarah (over computer): Sure, but we're talking 5,000 to 7,000 square kilometers 672 00:40:27,025 --> 00:40:28,691 Of area which is pretty massive. 673 00:40:28,727 --> 00:40:30,660 But hey we're excited to dive in. 674 00:40:30,695 --> 00:40:33,797 Sam: We'll see what happens, I can't wait. 675 00:40:34,900 --> 00:40:37,267 Sarah will gather thousands of satellite images of the 676 00:40:37,302 --> 00:40:41,704 Richat structure and then analyze them looking for anomalies. 677 00:40:41,740 --> 00:40:43,918 It's the same process that helped her uncover over 678 00:40:43,942 --> 00:40:47,911 3,000 lost settlements in egypt. 679 00:40:47,946 --> 00:40:50,346 My poor little treasure obsessed brain can't help but 680 00:40:50,382 --> 00:40:52,360 Hope that she finds something that dates back 681 00:40:52,384 --> 00:40:55,852 12,000 years to plato's atlantis. 682 00:40:57,289 --> 00:41:02,325 Sarah (over computer): So, I'm going to very quickly email you. 683 00:41:02,761 --> 00:41:05,462 So initially when we started looking, 684 00:41:05,497 --> 00:41:07,797 We weren't really finding anything. 685 00:41:07,833 --> 00:41:09,977 We kept looking and looking and looking and nothing 686 00:41:10,001 --> 00:41:11,568 Was popping out. 687 00:41:11,603 --> 00:41:15,338 There's no visible architecture of any kind anywhere. 688 00:41:15,373 --> 00:41:20,677 But then once our eyes got adjusted to the landscape, 689 00:41:20,712 --> 00:41:23,246 Then hundreds and hundreds of features started popping out, 690 00:41:23,281 --> 00:41:25,648 If not thousands. 691 00:41:26,485 --> 00:41:29,752 In the heart of the richart structure are two absolutely 692 00:41:29,788 --> 00:41:35,525 Massive rectangular structures that look like they have 693 00:41:35,560 --> 00:41:37,494 Rounded towers at the end. 694 00:41:37,529 --> 00:41:41,564 To me that was one of the most exciting finds. 695 00:41:41,600 --> 00:41:42,932 These are pretty major. 696 00:41:42,968 --> 00:41:45,012 They're pretty wild and they're definitely ancient, 697 00:41:45,036 --> 00:41:47,070 They're not anything more modern. 698 00:41:47,105 --> 00:41:48,805 Sam: Oh my gosh. 699 00:41:48,840 --> 00:41:51,385 Sarah (over computer): Yep. So we'll go to the western most one. 700 00:41:51,409 --> 00:41:53,543 We'll zoom in and zoom in and zoom in. 701 00:41:54,246 --> 00:41:56,779 You can actually see the little animal pens. 702 00:41:56,815 --> 00:42:02,852 So this could have easily housed more than 100 camels or donkeys. 703 00:42:02,888 --> 00:42:04,532 This wouldn't have been a place where you just kinda 704 00:42:04,556 --> 00:42:07,323 Camp out for a night. 705 00:42:07,359 --> 00:42:09,526 They're clearly going to have food, 706 00:42:09,561 --> 00:42:11,928 There's going to be trading that goes on. 707 00:42:11,963 --> 00:42:14,297 There probably would have been wells there. 708 00:42:14,332 --> 00:42:18,535 In fact previous research reports that were done, 709 00:42:18,570 --> 00:42:20,348 They've said, you know, we've been there, 710 00:42:20,372 --> 00:42:24,240 We found hand axes from more than a 100,000 years ago. 711 00:42:24,276 --> 00:42:27,410 We found neolithic blades. 712 00:42:27,445 --> 00:42:31,014 But absolutely no evidence whatsoever until now, 713 00:42:31,049 --> 00:42:34,784 Of any kind of built human structures in and 714 00:42:34,819 --> 00:42:36,586 Around the richat structure. 715 00:42:36,621 --> 00:42:39,088 But I think the story has changed. 716 00:42:40,659 --> 00:42:47,497 These probably date to 8,000 to 5,000 years ago. 717 00:42:48,900 --> 00:42:52,435 I'm super, super excited about what we found. 718 00:42:52,470 --> 00:42:55,605 That opens up, I think, a chapter of archeology that 719 00:42:55,640 --> 00:42:58,775 Archaeologists didn't know was there. 720 00:43:00,712 --> 00:43:02,879 Sam: So, is atlantis real? 721 00:43:02,914 --> 00:43:04,314 Did we find it? 722 00:43:04,349 --> 00:43:06,883 That's something you have to look into your heart and answer. 723 00:43:06,918 --> 00:43:08,529 I know what my 11 year old thinks, 724 00:43:08,553 --> 00:43:10,420 He showed me the website. 725 00:43:10,455 --> 00:43:12,733 And don't get me wrong, with the help of my new best friend, 726 00:43:12,757 --> 00:43:14,190 The brilliant sarah parcak, 727 00:43:14,225 --> 00:43:18,027 I'm always down to open a new chapter of archeology. 728 00:43:18,063 --> 00:43:20,241 But the truth about atlantis is I think we're on the 729 00:43:20,265 --> 00:43:23,866 Receiving end of a thousand year game of telephone. 730 00:43:24,836 --> 00:43:27,904 2,500 years ago a philosopher wrote about a cursed island 731 00:43:27,939 --> 00:43:29,839 Disappearing into the sea. 732 00:43:29,874 --> 00:43:32,742 Anyone who could read in europe from the renaissance onwards, 733 00:43:32,777 --> 00:43:35,578 Read plato and the myth of atlantis grew. 734 00:43:35,614 --> 00:43:38,881 The gold and silver buildings inflamed imaginations and the 735 00:43:38,917 --> 00:43:41,050 Legend outgrew the story. 736 00:43:41,086 --> 00:43:43,086 People still seek atlantis. 737 00:43:43,121 --> 00:43:48,224 What it comes down to is idea that the atlantians lost their 738 00:43:48,259 --> 00:43:52,295 Ability to handle wealth well, and then they started to 739 00:43:52,330 --> 00:43:55,365 Become corrupt and that brings the curse. 740 00:43:55,400 --> 00:43:56,733 It's a metaphor. 741 00:43:56,768 --> 00:43:59,569 Plato was talking about a people grown prideful, 742 00:43:59,604 --> 00:44:02,572 Cursed with hubris and consumed by ambition. 743 00:44:02,607 --> 00:44:05,208 People who had lost touch with their success. 744 00:44:05,243 --> 00:44:06,542 Now does that ring a bell? 745 00:44:06,578 --> 00:44:08,077 Any of that sound familiar? 746 00:44:08,113 --> 00:44:11,014 Trying to find atlantis is exactly the wrong thing, 747 00:44:11,049 --> 00:44:12,126 It's the wrong lesson. 748 00:44:12,150 --> 00:44:15,685 In fact, it's the opposite of what plato intended. 749 00:44:15,720 --> 00:44:17,787 But, human nature hasn't changed and 750 00:44:17,822 --> 00:44:19,266 The lesson and the metaphor hold true. 751 00:44:19,290 --> 00:44:21,457 The curse of atlantis is all too real. 752 00:44:21,493 --> 00:44:23,533 >>>>oakislandtk<<<<< www.opensubtitles.org 61709

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