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♪ ♪
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Egypt,
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the richest source of archaeological
treasures on the planet.
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Oh, that's a fabulous one.
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Beneath this desert landscape...
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lies the secrets of
this ancient civilization.
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Wow.
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You can see why
the Pharaohs chose this place.
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Now, for a full season of excavations,
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our cameras have been
given unprecedented access
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to follow teams on
the front line of archeology.
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I'm driving so fast
because I'm so excited!
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It's an entrance. We can see an entrance!
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Revealing buried secrets.
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I have just been
told that they have found something.
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Oh my gosh!
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A sphinx!
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And making discoveries
that could rewrite ancient history.
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This time, new secrets of
the boy king, Tutankhamun.
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Aliaa uses pioneering technology
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to reveal startling new
evidence about his tomb,
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and why it remained
hidden for 3,000 years.
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A lot of robberies were going on.
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How was it not found?
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Eissa's team discover a long-lost cache
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of King Tutankhamun's treasures.
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It's the most
exciting discovery in my career.
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And Alejandro discovers
extraordinary burial treasures
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in a 4,000 year-old tomb.
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Congratulations!
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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The Valley of the Kings.
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3,500 years ago,
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the Great Pharaohs stopped
building pyramids as their tombs.
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They chose these secluded
cliffs to become their cemetery.
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Today, archaeologists
come from all over the world
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to unlock the mysteries still hidden
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in this City of the Dead.
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It's the first day in the Valley
for Cairo-born Egyptologist
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Aliaa Ismail and her team.
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There's a real buzz in this place.
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People are coming from all over the world,
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coming to the Valley, it's amazing.
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I'm so proud to have such ancestry.
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It's one of the most famous
necropolises in the world
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and I think what is special is
that it comes out of nowhere.
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♪ ♪
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Over 300 miles south of Cairo,
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in the heart of Egypt,
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lie the limestone cliffs
of the Valley of the Kings.
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After 200 years of excavation,
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archaeologists have found 65 tombs
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hidden amongst the rocks.
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But, only one has ever been found
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with its treasure still inside.
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It belonged to the Pharaoh, Tutankhamun.
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This here is number 62,
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Tutankhamun.
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One of those great finds of the century.
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♪ ♪
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British explorer Howard Carter
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discovered Tutankhamun's tomb in 1922.
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One of his teams spotted steps
leading down through the sand.
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They led to the tomb entrance,
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buried beneath meters
of rubble and debris.
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What Carter found inside
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inspired archaeologists
for generations to come.
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Deep inside the mountains,
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Amid a maze of tunnels that
bore deep through the rock,
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Carter reached the tomb of Tutankhamun,
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hidden right in the center of the Valley.
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Inside, he found treasures
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unlike anything ever seen before.
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Over 5,000 priceless artifacts,
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including golden statues.
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In the burial chamber,
the Pharaoh's mummy,
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wearing a golden death mask,
was placed inside a coffin
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made of more than
200 pounds of solid gold.
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♪ ♪
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This intact tomb made Tutankhamun
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the most famous of the Pharaohs.
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Now, Aliaa is investigating
this golden Pharaoh's life...
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Wow.
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And why his tomb
remained hidden for so long.
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Aliaa's team have been scanning
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and documenting the tomb
for the last 10 years,
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and they've made a remarkable discovery.
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The idea here
is to understand what's going on
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when you look at the data void of color.
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The scans strip away the paint
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on the walls to reveal unusual markings.
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This was the main scene,
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and here is the 3D of the North Wall.
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So, as you can see here,
the silhouette of an image
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and this would have been
done while they were painting.
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The images show the indented outline
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of the face hidden below.
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It's caused by the tip of the paintbrush
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if you start painting when
the plaster is still wet.
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This is why the brushes would have made
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a very light impression,
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and this allows us to
understand that it was rushed.
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But why would the tomb
builders rush such an important job?
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The pictures on the wall
reveal another set of clues.
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♪ ♪
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Despite becoming the most famous
Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt,
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Tutankhamun did not
have a lengthy reign.
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He was only a 9-year-old boy
when he became King,
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and relied on trusted advisors
to help rule his vast empire.
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As Tutankhamun grew older,
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he was known to portray
himself as a warrior king,
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riding into battle on a chariot.
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But the boy king suffered
from multiple illnesses,
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including malaria.
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He was only 19 years old
when he unexpectedly died.
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Aliaa thinks the marks
her scans reveal in the plaster
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are evidence of a hurried burial due
to Tutankhamun's sudden death.
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The decorated part
of the tomb is very small.
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It's only the burial chamber.
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The rest of the tomb is not decorated.
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If they had more time,
all of this was going to be decorated.
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While the tomb's
construction may have been rushed...
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♪ ♪
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its treasures were everything
a Pharaoh could desire
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to take him into the afterlife.
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So, why did this tomb lay hidden below
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a layer of rock for thousands of years
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when all the other tombs in
the Valley were looted?
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To solve this mystery,
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Aliaa will turn to new technology
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as she moves her
investigation out into the Valley.
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♪ ♪
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300 miles north, in Giza...
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in the shadow of the pyramids...
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the biggest treasure haul in
history is getting a new home.
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A one-billion-dollar museum
and research center.
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When completed,
the Grand Egyptian Museum
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will reunite all of
Tutankhamun's treasures
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in one place,
for the first time in 100 years.
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Having all of the pieces
from the tomb of Tutankhamun
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together in one place, this will be
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a fantastic chance to find new facts,
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new hidden things
about Tutankhamun.
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After Carter removed
the treasures from Tut's tomb,
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they ended up in museums around Egypt.
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Now, for the first time
in the museum's labs,
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scientists and Egyptologists
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will use modern technology
to analyze each object.
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Some details reappear
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and give us new information
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about these antiquities.
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But some of Tut's
greatest treasures are yet to arrive.
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♪ ♪
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300 miles south in the Luxor Museum,
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Eissa Zidan is preparing 122 of these
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priceless artifacts
for the move to Giza.
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I'm very, very proud
to work with this kind of artifact.
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We have a huge responsibility for dealing
with the collection of Tutankhamun.
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This is once in a lifetime to
move this collection to Cairo.
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Eissa's packing list includes
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one of Tut's famous chariots,
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intricate model boats,
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and a unique head of
the cow goddess, Hathor,
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elaborately gilded with gold.
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In my opinion this head of cow,
like the mask of Tutankhamun...
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is a very important
piece in this collection.
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After just four hours,
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Eissa's packing suddenly comes to a halt.
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One of his teams has discovered
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something completely
unexpected in the storeroom.
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It's an antique box
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that Howard Carter used
to pack and transport
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Tutankhamun's treasures out of the tomb.
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I never discovered
something like that before.
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It's the most exciting
discovery in my career.
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The box has been missing,
presumed lost, for decades...
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and no one knows what
treasures it may hold.
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♪ ♪
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120 miles south of the Valley
of the Kings, near Aswan,
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a Spanish Research
Team from Jaen University
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is hoping to follow in Carter's footsteps
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and make new discoveries
which could rewrite history.
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Professor Alejandro Jimenez-Serrano
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heads the largest foreign
team working in Egypt.
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Today is the first
day of the dig season.
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Sorry for the mess.
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We are sharing the room,
three researchers of the team.
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This is my bed, supposedly the best one.
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Sorry.
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It's amazing to get up,
and the first thing that you see,
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apart from the ugly face
of your roommates,
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is the Qubbet el-Hawa, the hill.
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♪ ♪
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Qubbet el-Hawa is one of
the largest ancient burial sites in Egypt.
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So far, 100 tombs
have been discovered here.
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They belong to the nobles
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who governed Egypt hundreds
of years before the Pharaohs
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buried in the Valley of the Kings.
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Alejandro's mission
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is to hunt for more unopened tombs
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and reveal more about
these early Egyptians.
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It's difficult to explain how I feel.
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It's not only nervous. It's exciting.
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It's a mix of feelings.
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00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:12,480
It's an honor to come every year.
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Now, it comes the most
difficult part of the day.
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It's to climb the hill.
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♪ ♪
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This is the team's 10th year digging here.
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It's so nice to be here again.
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There's a reason
why everyone is excited to be back.
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Last year, Alejandro found
the entrance to a sealed tomb,
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but his permit expired before
he could explore inside.
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Today is 40 degrees,
and working underneath the sun,
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today's gonna be tough.
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To protect against
modern day tomb-robbers...
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they put a steel security door to block
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the entrance of the vertical shaft
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00:12:58,760 --> 00:13:01,680
that leads to the sealed burial chamber.
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Well, it has been one-year waiting,
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00:13:04,400 --> 00:13:06,440
one-year imagining the possibilities.
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I'm very excited.
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♪ ♪
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In Luxor,
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00:13:20,520 --> 00:13:23,680
Eissa's team pack Tutankhamun's
treasures for the move
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00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:26,560
to the Grand Egyptian Museum in Giza.
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00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:33,000
But, in the storeroom,
Eissa is ready to open
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00:13:33,080 --> 00:13:36,560
Carter's long-lost box to
discover what's inside.
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♪ ♪
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The team gather round to see if the box
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really does contain priceless treasures
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from Tutankhamun's tomb.
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Ah.
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- Fantastic.
- It's amazing.
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These delicate wooden pieces
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are ancient boat parts.
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00:14:03,320 --> 00:14:05,640
Thank you Mr. Mohamed Atwa
for this new discovery.
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00:14:08,560 --> 00:14:12,200
Storeroom records suggest they
could be missing parts of a model boat
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00:14:12,280 --> 00:14:15,760
Howard Carter found in Tutankhamun's tomb.
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00:14:16,360 --> 00:14:19,840
This is the head of one
of the paddles, like that.
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00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:24,480
And the remains of the gold is
still there after all these years.
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00:14:24,560 --> 00:14:27,200
♪ ♪
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00:14:27,280 --> 00:14:29,920
According to ancient Egyptian belief,
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00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:33,000
boats played a key role after death.
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00:14:33,600 --> 00:14:36,000
So, placing model boats into tombs
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00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:38,480
was a vital part of any burial.
248
00:14:39,840 --> 00:14:42,360
The vessels also came complete with crew
249
00:14:42,440 --> 00:14:45,200
because it was believed
the replicas would come to life
250
00:14:45,280 --> 00:14:48,280
and help with fishing
and transport in the underworld.
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00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:55,840
The Pharaohs used a special vessel
to sail across the sky for eternity.
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00:14:58,280 --> 00:15:02,200
Ordinary people also thought they
could reach the afterlife by boat,
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rowing on the Nile
and into the next world.
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00:15:09,600 --> 00:15:12,320
You can see here
the date of the newspaper.
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00:15:12,400 --> 00:15:15,400
It's Sunday, 5th of November, 1933.
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00:15:16,280 --> 00:15:19,440
Howard Carter,
maybe he read this newspaper
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00:15:19,520 --> 00:15:22,200
before using it as a support in this box
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00:15:22,840 --> 00:15:25,280
To discover where these pieces came from,
259
00:15:25,360 --> 00:15:28,200
Mohammad inspects
Carter's original inventory.
260
00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:34,200
Here's the photo taken from the tomb
itself and here we can find the boat.
261
00:15:34,280 --> 00:15:39,040
It's lot number 321 and with
the mast itself which is here.
262
00:15:39,720 --> 00:15:41,320
Records show that the box
263
00:15:41,400 --> 00:15:44,200
was sent to Luxor in 1973,
264
00:15:44,280 --> 00:15:47,360
but had gone missing,
presumed lost or stolen.
265
00:15:48,040 --> 00:15:51,800
It's a really exciting,
new discovery for one of the most
266
00:15:51,880 --> 00:15:55,160
important artifacts belonging
to the King Tutankhamun.
267
00:15:56,360 --> 00:16:00,040
Eissa thinks the rest of
the boat is safe in the new Cairo lab,
268
00:16:01,480 --> 00:16:04,000
so they might finally
be able to reunite it.
269
00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:10,880
To transport the treasures to Giza,
Eissa's team must traverse
270
00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:13,720
400 miles of barren desert roads
271
00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:15,800
and crowded city streets
272
00:16:15,880 --> 00:16:19,440
before they reach the safety
of the new museum.
273
00:16:19,520 --> 00:16:21,120
♪ ♪
274
00:16:21,200 --> 00:16:23,360
It will take two trucks to transport
275
00:16:23,440 --> 00:16:26,160
all 122 of the artifacts to Giza.
276
00:16:27,880 --> 00:16:30,280
This is very,
very big moment for the collection.
277
00:16:30,360 --> 00:16:33,320
This is the final trip of Tutankhamun.
278
00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:38,560
But, with such priceless relics on board,
279
00:16:39,440 --> 00:16:42,600
there's concern the convoy
could be a target for a hijacking.
280
00:16:42,680 --> 00:16:46,440
We have a good
police and good army.
281
00:16:46,520 --> 00:16:51,280
They will follow us during moving
from Luxor until arrive to Cairo.
282
00:16:52,960 --> 00:16:56,040
With security in place, it's time to roll.
283
00:16:56,120 --> 00:16:59,280
♪ ♪
284
00:16:59,360 --> 00:17:03,200
They now face a grueling
12-hour journey through the desert
285
00:17:03,760 --> 00:17:06,360
to reach Giza before nightfall.
286
00:17:09,920 --> 00:17:11,960
Ever since Carter's discovery
287
00:17:12,040 --> 00:17:15,400
of Tutankhamun's
priceless golden treasures,
288
00:17:15,960 --> 00:17:19,760
archaeologists have continued to
try and work out where and how
289
00:17:20,320 --> 00:17:23,760
the ancient Egyptians found
vast quantities of gold.
290
00:17:29,400 --> 00:17:32,280
50 miles south of the Valley of the Kings,
291
00:17:32,360 --> 00:17:34,560
on the edge of the Eastern Desert,
292
00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:40,280
French gold expert Thomas Faucher
293
00:17:40,360 --> 00:17:42,440
and archaeologist John Ward
294
00:17:42,520 --> 00:17:46,000
are on the hunt for the origins
of Tutankhamun's gold.
295
00:17:46,880 --> 00:17:47,880
So, I'm going to...
296
00:17:47,960 --> 00:17:49,640
What are you
waiting for, a traffic signal?
297
00:17:50,960 --> 00:17:53,640
♪ ♪
298
00:17:53,720 --> 00:17:59,000
The Eastern Desert covers 85,000
square miles of remote barren wilderness.
299
00:17:59,680 --> 00:18:03,640
Some of the rock here contains
tiny grains of gold locked inside.
300
00:18:05,360 --> 00:18:09,160
Thomas has studied ancient gold
mining techniques for seven years.
301
00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:12,880
Now, he wants to see if he
can find any evidence of it.
302
00:18:14,120 --> 00:18:16,560
But, this part of the desert
is a risky place to be.
303
00:18:17,560 --> 00:18:20,120
The thing is we need to leave before dark
304
00:18:20,200 --> 00:18:22,520
because it's not safe
if we are staying there
305
00:18:22,600 --> 00:18:25,320
because we can lose our way.
We can have an accident,
306
00:18:25,400 --> 00:18:27,440
and it's also at the sunset
307
00:18:27,520 --> 00:18:29,880
that all the snakes are going out.
308
00:18:29,960 --> 00:18:31,920
- Snakes?
- Yeah, vipers.
309
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:33,520
No one told me about...
310
00:18:33,600 --> 00:18:36,120
There are horrid vipers, yeah.
311
00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:41,880
First stop, an ancient well.
312
00:18:42,520 --> 00:18:45,720
It could provide clues to
the location of mining communities
313
00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:47,800
during the time of Tutankhamun.
314
00:18:49,480 --> 00:18:52,200
This is the well
just right in front of us here.
315
00:18:52,280 --> 00:18:54,480
It's dry!
316
00:18:54,560 --> 00:18:56,400
My God, that's a long way down.
317
00:18:57,720 --> 00:19:00,840
The well might be dry today,
but it was so important,
318
00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:03,480
the ancient Egyptians
built a temple to honor it.
319
00:19:04,160 --> 00:19:05,880
It's beautiful isn't it?
320
00:19:05,960 --> 00:19:08,400
They actually applied
a plaster gyp ceiling,
321
00:19:08,480 --> 00:19:10,480
and then applied the paint.
322
00:19:10,560 --> 00:19:12,040
Amazing.
323
00:19:12,120 --> 00:19:15,160
♪ ♪
324
00:19:15,240 --> 00:19:18,200
The text engraved
on these walls reveal clues
325
00:19:18,280 --> 00:19:21,280
about the gold miners
and where they were heading.
326
00:19:25,240 --> 00:19:28,920
Ancient engineers built
a network of wells and rest stops
327
00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:31,880
stretching all the way across the desert,
328
00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:34,440
each a day's walk from the last...
329
00:19:37,280 --> 00:19:40,160
enabling travelers
and miners to safely cross
330
00:19:40,240 --> 00:19:42,720
and explore the barren desert.
331
00:19:43,800 --> 00:19:48,280
The temple carvings indicate
these wells led towards the mines.
332
00:19:49,520 --> 00:19:52,880
Thomas hopes he will be able to
find some evidence of the people
333
00:19:52,960 --> 00:19:56,200
behind Tutankhamun's
gold mining operations.
334
00:19:56,280 --> 00:19:58,040
♪ ♪
335
00:19:58,520 --> 00:20:01,800
Now, it's time to go deeper East...
336
00:20:03,080 --> 00:20:04,920
Like an ancient treasure map,
337
00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:08,400
they must follow the trail of
wells further into the desert.
338
00:20:16,760 --> 00:20:18,120
In Aswan,
339
00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:21,160
at the ancient burial site
of Qubbet el-Hawa,
340
00:20:21,240 --> 00:20:25,080
Alejandro is about to
open a 4,000-year-old tomb.
341
00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:29,200
They're on the hunt for whatever
burial treasure may be inside.
342
00:20:29,280 --> 00:20:32,280
I don't know
who is more nervous, me or my team.
343
00:20:38,520 --> 00:20:41,000
I want to go now!
344
00:20:45,000 --> 00:20:46,880
♪ ♪
345
00:20:46,960 --> 00:20:48,680
After a year of waiting,
346
00:20:48,760 --> 00:20:51,480
Alejandro can finally enter the tomb.
347
00:20:51,560 --> 00:20:53,240
It's amazing.
348
00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:57,560
It contains a 4,000-year-old coffin.
349
00:20:59,400 --> 00:21:03,360
Workers have inserted
a box covered in acid-free paper
350
00:21:03,440 --> 00:21:05,880
inside the coffin to stop it collapsing
351
00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:08,200
while they examine the tomb.
352
00:21:08,280 --> 00:21:11,680
There... We have been very lucky.
353
00:21:12,280 --> 00:21:15,960
It's impossible to explain
the feelings that I'm having.
354
00:21:16,040 --> 00:21:19,600
The burial consisted in two coffins,
355
00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:22,920
the outer coffin and the inner coffin.
356
00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:25,400
Among the debris of the outer coffin,
357
00:21:25,480 --> 00:21:28,200
Alejandro spots something extraordinary.
358
00:21:28,280 --> 00:21:31,960
♪ ♪
359
00:21:32,040 --> 00:21:35,160
It is full of
wooden models, but unfortunately,
360
00:21:35,240 --> 00:21:38,040
the outer coffin fall over them.
361
00:21:38,360 --> 00:21:40,840
The chamber is full of model boats,
362
00:21:40,920 --> 00:21:42,920
similar to the one in Tutankhamun's tomb.
363
00:21:43,680 --> 00:21:46,000
To find this funerary boat
364
00:21:46,080 --> 00:21:48,080
in a tomb is rare today.
365
00:21:49,200 --> 00:21:50,440
But there's not just one.
366
00:21:51,120 --> 00:21:53,960
There's four, complete with crew.
367
00:21:56,120 --> 00:21:59,240
You want to laugh.
You want to shout. You want to cry.
368
00:22:01,440 --> 00:22:03,880
This is the first time in 70 years
369
00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:06,960
a set of boats like this have been found.
370
00:22:07,520 --> 00:22:11,320
This discovery gives Alejandro
an extremely rare opportunity
371
00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:14,400
to study such important burial goods.
372
00:22:16,840 --> 00:22:19,600
♪ ♪
373
00:22:19,680 --> 00:22:23,320
But first, he has to extract
them from the tomb safely.
374
00:22:24,080 --> 00:22:27,160
Alejandro calls in his team
of conservation specialists,
375
00:22:27,800 --> 00:22:29,240
Sara and Theresa.
376
00:22:29,320 --> 00:22:33,720
Sara:
I have 1, 2, 3, 4 boats,
377
00:22:33,800 --> 00:22:36,480
and the conservation is very bad.
378
00:22:38,680 --> 00:22:42,600
Yeah, it's very difficult,
and the insects eat the supports.
379
00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:47,040
Termites have attacked the wooden boats.
380
00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:51,760
Sara sprays on a liquid adhesive
to hold them together.
381
00:22:53,760 --> 00:22:56,320
So, we will see if they are capable
382
00:22:56,400 --> 00:22:59,360
to make a miracle.
383
00:23:04,520 --> 00:23:07,720
They prepare
a foam-lined cradle to support the boat
384
00:23:07,800 --> 00:23:10,480
for the move to
the team's restoration lab,
385
00:23:11,840 --> 00:23:14,840
but the wooden hull is
stuck to the tomb floor.
386
00:23:15,800 --> 00:23:19,600
It'll require surgical precision
using scalpels to free it.
387
00:23:22,120 --> 00:23:24,480
From the tomb to the restoration lab,
388
00:23:24,560 --> 00:23:26,880
we are talking about perhaps 40 meters.
389
00:23:26,960 --> 00:23:29,560
But today's very windy,
390
00:23:29,640 --> 00:23:32,000
which is very, very aggressive.
391
00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:39,120
The ancient boats are extremely fragile.
392
00:23:41,040 --> 00:23:43,520
♪ ♪
393
00:23:44,920 --> 00:23:45,920
Get ready.
394
00:23:46,840 --> 00:23:48,480
With a drop in the wind,
395
00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:52,160
the team sees the chance
to remove the first boat.
396
00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:53,720
Woman:
Be careful!
397
00:24:23,640 --> 00:24:27,200
Wow. That was exciting.
398
00:24:28,320 --> 00:24:31,440
One of the best moments in my career.
399
00:24:31,520 --> 00:24:35,560
We have one, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, eight...
400
00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:37,640
8 person.
401
00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:42,080
Will take many weeks
402
00:24:42,160 --> 00:24:44,720
to clean it and fix the pieces
403
00:24:44,800 --> 00:24:47,760
that were broken...
404
00:24:47,840 --> 00:24:50,280
some centuries ago.
405
00:24:52,480 --> 00:24:55,280
While the team gets to work on the boat,
406
00:24:55,360 --> 00:24:57,880
Alejandro can finally open the coffin
407
00:24:57,960 --> 00:25:01,000
to see who and what is inside.
408
00:25:03,560 --> 00:25:06,560
♪ ♪
409
00:25:12,920 --> 00:25:14,920
In the middle of the desert,
410
00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:18,040
the convoy carrying
Tutankhamun's priceless treasures
411
00:25:18,120 --> 00:25:20,200
are two hours into their journey
412
00:25:20,280 --> 00:25:22,240
when Eissa spots a problem.
413
00:25:24,160 --> 00:25:26,920
I'm worried about the chariot.
414
00:25:27,720 --> 00:25:32,080
A thermal blanket protecting
Tut's golden chariot is coming loose.
415
00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:36,040
If it flies off, it could cause a crash.
416
00:25:37,800 --> 00:25:39,120
We will stop to make it safe.
417
00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:44,640
The unscheduled stop
in the desert makes this convoy,
418
00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:47,600
carrying the world's
most priceless treasures,
419
00:25:47,680 --> 00:25:49,200
a potential target for hijackers.
420
00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:54,760
♪ ♪
421
00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:00,160
♪ ♪
422
00:26:00,240 --> 00:26:04,080
Eissa and his team are unable
to secure the loose thermal covering
423
00:26:04,160 --> 00:26:06,800
protecting Tut's chariot.
424
00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:09,000
Some problems happen.
425
00:26:11,240 --> 00:26:12,600
Removing the cover,
426
00:26:12,680 --> 00:26:14,760
they risk the scorching desert heat
427
00:26:14,840 --> 00:26:17,320
potentially damaging
the priceless treasure.
428
00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:22,800
Everything is okay.
429
00:26:23,240 --> 00:26:26,240
Now, Eissa needs to get the convoy moving.
430
00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:36,920
We hope to arrive to Cairo safely.
431
00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:43,200
♪ ♪
432
00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:52,160
In the Valley,
Egyptologist Aliaa Ismail is on a mission
433
00:26:52,240 --> 00:26:55,200
to discover how Tutankhamun's
tomb and treasures
434
00:26:55,280 --> 00:26:57,760
remained hidden for 3,000 years.
435
00:26:58,960 --> 00:27:00,960
Lot of robberies were going on
436
00:27:01,040 --> 00:27:04,000
in ancient times and modern times,
437
00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:06,560
but it seems that this particular tomb
438
00:27:06,640 --> 00:27:09,800
was not found. How was it not found?
439
00:27:13,280 --> 00:27:17,080
The ancient engineers
of Tutankhamun's tomb had a plan.
440
00:27:18,240 --> 00:27:19,920
Inside the mountain,
441
00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:23,240
they went to great lengths
to conceal the tomb.
442
00:27:23,320 --> 00:27:27,480
The Pharaoh's burial chamber
is located 26 feet underground...
443
00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:32,120
and is defended from the inside out.
444
00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:37,800
Engineers constructed a wall
to block off the burial chamber.
445
00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:41,680
They filled the corridor
leading to the King
446
00:27:41,760 --> 00:27:45,160
with tons of rubble,
before sealing a final doorway
447
00:27:46,600 --> 00:27:48,880
And covering Tutankhamun's tomb
448
00:27:48,960 --> 00:27:51,880
with a vast amount of
boulders under earth.
449
00:27:51,960 --> 00:27:54,720
Standard tomb protection of the day.
450
00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:57,280
♪ ♪
451
00:27:57,360 --> 00:27:59,800
But when Carter discovered this tomb,
452
00:27:59,880 --> 00:28:03,160
it had more material on top
than any other in the Valley.
453
00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:08,440
This may explain how it
remained undiscovered
454
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:10,920
for over 3,000 years.
455
00:28:11,480 --> 00:28:14,800
But, how did this extra
rock and debris get here?
456
00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:22,000
Aliaa joins German Geologist
Martin Ziegler to investigate.
457
00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:27,680
If you want to understand
458
00:28:27,760 --> 00:28:29,140
the evolution of the Valley of the Kings,
459
00:28:29,160 --> 00:28:31,280
you need to also understand
the evolution of the rock.
460
00:28:32,360 --> 00:28:35,120
Martin thinks there could
be clues in the rocks at the entrance
461
00:28:35,200 --> 00:28:37,040
of a nearby tomb.
462
00:28:37,120 --> 00:28:40,680
Just at the entrance of it,
a slab is just hanging above.
463
00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:43,800
A rock basically could
fall out of the cliff.
464
00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:48,560
Egypt is hit with dozens
of earthquakes each year.
465
00:28:49,160 --> 00:28:52,560
So, Martin's installed a seismometer
to measure any vibrations
466
00:28:52,640 --> 00:28:55,160
that could trigger rockfall.
467
00:28:56,120 --> 00:28:58,360
With this one, we calculate it to be away
468
00:28:58,440 --> 00:29:01,440
about 600 to 700 kilometers
from the Valley of the Kings.
469
00:29:01,520 --> 00:29:03,680
What if an earthquake were to happen
470
00:29:03,760 --> 00:29:07,280
much closer to the Valley of
the Kings? How would it affect it?
471
00:29:07,360 --> 00:29:11,320
A very big earthquake
could destabilize some rock portions.
472
00:29:11,400 --> 00:29:14,600
So, when you look in
the history of recorded earthquakes,
473
00:29:14,680 --> 00:29:17,880
the historic timescales,
let's say the thousands of years,
474
00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:21,480
we have some records of earthquakes
of that type of magnitude.
475
00:29:21,560 --> 00:29:24,880
♪ ♪
476
00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:28,880
So, could rockfalls
caused by earthquakes 3,000 years ago
477
00:29:29,320 --> 00:29:32,520
account for the extra tons of
rock that covered the entrance
478
00:29:32,600 --> 00:29:35,040
to Tutankhamun's tomb?
479
00:29:35,120 --> 00:29:38,040
From the geological past
and the historic point of view,
480
00:29:38,120 --> 00:29:39,620
they could have rockfalls or rock slides
481
00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:42,400
that are triggered by
earthquakes, covering tombs.
482
00:29:45,280 --> 00:29:48,960
But there are no cliffs
directly above Tutankhamun's tomb,
483
00:29:49,680 --> 00:29:52,680
so it wouldn't have been
hit by a direct rockfall.
484
00:29:55,080 --> 00:29:58,240
How did so much extra
material travel down the valley
485
00:29:58,320 --> 00:30:01,520
and completely cover
the entrance to the tomb?
486
00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:06,120
To solve this mystery,
Aliaa and Martin must take to the air.
487
00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:14,880
♪ ♪
488
00:30:14,960 --> 00:30:16,640
Deep in the Eastern Desert,
489
00:30:16,720 --> 00:30:19,440
Thomas and John are looking
for evidence of the miners
490
00:30:19,520 --> 00:30:23,240
who produced the gold for
Tutankhamun's treasures.
491
00:30:23,320 --> 00:30:26,080
They're trying to find
a route of ancient wells
492
00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:27,960
that the gold miners would have followed
493
00:30:28,040 --> 00:30:29,440
as they traveled to the mines.
494
00:30:29,520 --> 00:30:31,920
It's like looking
for a needle in a haystack.
495
00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:34,080
But, I'm losing a few kidneys.
496
00:30:38,360 --> 00:30:41,040
70 miles from the last ancient well,
497
00:30:41,120 --> 00:30:43,360
Thomas and John
head into the unknown.
498
00:30:44,160 --> 00:30:46,280
With their GPS broken down,
499
00:30:46,360 --> 00:30:48,760
they now risk getting completely lost.
500
00:30:49,240 --> 00:30:51,320
This piece of technology is defunct.
501
00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:54,000
It is not working.
502
00:30:56,960 --> 00:30:59,960
Look here, it's literally
on the right side.
503
00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:02,440
So, we're now at the back end.
504
00:31:02,520 --> 00:31:04,760
So, we need to turn around.
505
00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:09,000
But after two days searching,
506
00:31:09,080 --> 00:31:11,400
John thinks they may have
finally found something.
507
00:31:12,840 --> 00:31:15,160
What's that over there?
At the base of that mountain there?
508
00:31:16,440 --> 00:31:17,680
So, we found it!
509
00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:22,560
♪ ♪
510
00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:24,640
Okay, so it looks that we've found
511
00:31:24,720 --> 00:31:27,600
a very interesting place here.
It's a settlement.
512
00:31:28,560 --> 00:31:31,440
It may look like
scattered stones and debris,
513
00:31:31,520 --> 00:31:33,800
but to Thomas' expert eye,
514
00:31:33,880 --> 00:31:36,760
he can see the outline
of ancient buildings.
515
00:31:36,840 --> 00:31:40,280
We have the huts where the people
were living and where they were working.
516
00:31:40,360 --> 00:31:42,760
Yeah, we definitely have here...
517
00:31:43,680 --> 00:31:45,880
- the evidence where...
- Oh, Thomas!
518
00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:48,040
I mean,
people have been working here and we see,
519
00:31:48,120 --> 00:31:49,720
yeah, there are even more over there.
520
00:31:49,800 --> 00:31:52,080
As they get closer, John spots
521
00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:54,120
the tools the ancient
miners would have used
522
00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:56,400
to extract gold from the rocks.
523
00:31:56,480 --> 00:31:57,760
Oh!
524
00:31:57,840 --> 00:31:59,840
Yeah, that's the grinding stone.
525
00:32:01,200 --> 00:32:03,960
- That's a pounder.
- Yeah, that's a pounder. Exactly.
526
00:32:04,040 --> 00:32:05,480
That's what they would break...
527
00:32:05,560 --> 00:32:07,320
- Yeah, they would.
- The quartz with.
528
00:32:08,480 --> 00:32:11,480
It's the remains of
an ancient gold mining camp.
529
00:32:12,280 --> 00:32:14,880
I mean, how many
people are we talking, 20, 30?
530
00:32:14,960 --> 00:32:17,440
Yeah, maybe there
were families living here.
531
00:32:17,520 --> 00:32:19,520
♪ ♪
532
00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:23,240
Thomas has studied
ancient mining techniques for years.
533
00:32:23,320 --> 00:32:25,880
But, seeing this evidence first-hand
534
00:32:25,960 --> 00:32:28,360
brings home the hardships
the miners endured.
535
00:32:29,680 --> 00:32:31,440
You start from
a piece of quartz like this,
536
00:32:31,520 --> 00:32:33,920
and you want to make product out of it.
537
00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:35,960
So, you need to crush it.
538
00:32:36,760 --> 00:32:39,320
You have to imagine how
much pain it takes just to break
539
00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:41,960
a single piece of quartz,
540
00:32:42,040 --> 00:32:45,080
doing that like all day long, in the sun,
541
00:32:45,160 --> 00:32:48,760
pounding and pounding and grinding
and grinding and doing that for years.
542
00:32:51,560 --> 00:32:53,880
♪ ♪
543
00:32:53,960 --> 00:32:57,640
Evidence here paints
a picture of the life of desert miners.
544
00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:03,960
They cut shafts stretching up to
10 meters deep into the stone
545
00:33:05,520 --> 00:33:09,320
in search of precious seams of
quartz rock that contained gold.
546
00:33:10,920 --> 00:33:14,000
Crushing the quartz was
a massive undertaking.
547
00:33:14,080 --> 00:33:17,560
Mining experts have calculated
that a team of 20 people
548
00:33:17,640 --> 00:33:21,360
would take a week to process enough
stone to make just a spoonful of gold.
549
00:33:24,600 --> 00:33:27,080
- That's heavy.
- Seriously.
550
00:33:27,160 --> 00:33:30,960
Sadly, there is very little
evidence left of these ancient mines,
551
00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:34,800
but these settlements provide
new insight into the communities
552
00:33:34,880 --> 00:33:38,320
that lived such hard lives
processing the gold.
553
00:33:38,400 --> 00:33:41,280
We have all
the material they were using, for sure,
554
00:33:41,360 --> 00:33:43,680
that they were working here to extract
555
00:33:43,760 --> 00:33:45,520
and process the gold
556
00:33:45,600 --> 00:33:47,960
to send it to the Valley of the Kings.
557
00:33:48,720 --> 00:33:51,120
- We've found it.
- We've found it.
558
00:33:54,200 --> 00:33:55,520
♪ ♪
559
00:33:55,600 --> 00:33:59,400
In Aswan, Alejandro's
team prepares to remove the coffin
560
00:33:59,480 --> 00:34:01,440
from the tomb they've opened.
561
00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:04,960
Inscriptions reveal it belongs
to a man called Shemai.
562
00:34:06,040 --> 00:34:08,960
They have just
struck the lid of the coffin of Shemai.
563
00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:13,840
Rebecca, you are the first
person that is looking
564
00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:17,280
at Shemai's face in 4,000 years!
565
00:34:23,800 --> 00:34:25,480
Congratulations!
566
00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:32,200
The inner coffin is intact,
but extremely fragile.
567
00:34:33,160 --> 00:34:35,080
Alejandro's team have reinforced it
568
00:34:35,160 --> 00:34:37,840
to try and protect the mummy inside.
569
00:34:38,560 --> 00:34:41,320
It's difficult to
express the feelings that I have now.
570
00:34:41,400 --> 00:34:42,600
It's a special moment
571
00:34:42,920 --> 00:34:46,640
because I'm studying this family,
572
00:34:46,720 --> 00:34:49,880
and it's almost my second family.
573
00:34:53,960 --> 00:34:56,880
♪ ♪
574
00:34:59,720 --> 00:35:01,040
In the restoration lab,
575
00:35:01,120 --> 00:35:03,400
the intricate beauty of the model boats
576
00:35:03,480 --> 00:35:05,600
is starting to appear.
577
00:35:06,320 --> 00:35:08,800
Termites have eaten much of the wood,
578
00:35:10,720 --> 00:35:14,480
but their excrement has actually
helped hold parts of the boats together
579
00:35:14,560 --> 00:35:15,960
for thousands of years.
580
00:35:16,520 --> 00:35:18,360
We have some parts that are still
581
00:35:18,440 --> 00:35:21,120
in a very good state of conservation.
582
00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:23,240
This head of the man,
583
00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:25,960
it is covered with
excrement of the termites,
584
00:35:26,040 --> 00:35:29,080
but the wood is still visible.
585
00:35:30,440 --> 00:35:34,280
Alejandro has spotted
a figure distinct from the other carvings.
586
00:35:35,640 --> 00:35:37,000
We can see
587
00:35:37,080 --> 00:35:38,360
in the middle of the boat,
588
00:35:38,440 --> 00:35:42,240
yellow face, which belongs to a mummy,
589
00:35:42,320 --> 00:35:45,320
which would represent Shemai.
590
00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:49,720
This exceptional
discovery will help archaeologists
591
00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:51,440
understand the evolution
592
00:35:51,520 --> 00:35:54,520
of burial practices in ancient Egypt.
593
00:35:54,600 --> 00:35:57,320
♪ ♪
594
00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:02,320
I was dreaming
always to discover something like this,
595
00:36:02,800 --> 00:36:06,480
and it's a dream that came truth.
596
00:36:08,480 --> 00:36:10,480
Alejandro's next task
597
00:36:10,560 --> 00:36:13,320
is to bring Shemai's mummy above ground
598
00:36:13,400 --> 00:36:16,840
for the first time in 4,000 years.
599
00:36:19,080 --> 00:36:21,080
♪ ♪
600
00:36:26,000 --> 00:36:29,880
♪ ♪
601
00:36:31,000 --> 00:36:32,400
In the Valley of the Kings,
602
00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:34,440
Aliaa and Martin look for clues
603
00:36:34,520 --> 00:36:36,920
to explain why Tutankhamun's tomb
604
00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:39,080
remained hidden for so long.
605
00:36:41,600 --> 00:36:43,760
They've got special permission
from the government
606
00:36:43,840 --> 00:36:48,760
to use a drone to get a unique perspective
on the position of Tutankhamun's tomb.
607
00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:49,840
Here we go.
608
00:36:53,040 --> 00:36:54,480
If you look down,
609
00:36:54,560 --> 00:36:58,960
we should be over the Tutankhamun
entrance right now.
610
00:37:07,320 --> 00:37:09,560
Now,
we can see the cliffs in the back,
611
00:37:09,640 --> 00:37:13,120
and we can see the central
position of the tomb.
612
00:37:15,440 --> 00:37:17,520
And above, we can see debris.
613
00:37:19,080 --> 00:37:23,280
Loose rock and debris
cover the cliffs behind Tut's tomb.
614
00:37:24,880 --> 00:37:27,600
But the drone also reveals
these flood channels,
615
00:37:27,680 --> 00:37:31,040
carved into the rock by heavy
rains over thousands of years,
616
00:37:32,160 --> 00:37:35,160
and that could be the vital missing clue.
617
00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:38,440
We think that
if we have flash flooding,
618
00:37:38,520 --> 00:37:42,040
that material can flow down
in these kinds of channels.
619
00:37:42,120 --> 00:37:45,120
♪ ♪
620
00:37:45,640 --> 00:37:49,480
Throughout history,
the Valley has been hit by earthquakes,
621
00:37:49,560 --> 00:37:51,560
and occasional flash floods.
622
00:37:53,360 --> 00:37:57,160
The flood waters push rubble
downhill toward the tombs.
623
00:38:01,240 --> 00:38:03,600
Tutankhamun's tomb lies in the spot
624
00:38:03,680 --> 00:38:05,680
where the channels of water converge...
625
00:38:08,840 --> 00:38:10,840
And dump tons of rock.
626
00:38:15,400 --> 00:38:19,440
This, combined with stone
chippings from a tomb built above,
627
00:38:19,520 --> 00:38:22,640
buried the entrance deeper
628
00:38:22,720 --> 00:38:26,200
and kept it hidden for over 3,000 years.
629
00:38:28,720 --> 00:38:31,600
It's very exciting
for me, as an Egyptologist,
630
00:38:31,680 --> 00:38:34,200
to see Tutankhamun's tomb from up here
631
00:38:34,280 --> 00:38:37,480
and see how it fits within the valley.
632
00:38:37,560 --> 00:38:41,360
It is the prime location.
It is the one that was most protected.
633
00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:43,960
He got the most sheltered tomb of all.
634
00:38:46,120 --> 00:38:47,920
Tutankhamun was a boy king
635
00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:50,840
who played a minor
role in Egypt's history.
636
00:38:52,280 --> 00:38:55,720
But because his tomb remained
hidden for thousands of years,
637
00:38:57,000 --> 00:38:59,520
his treasure was kept safe from robbers
638
00:38:59,600 --> 00:39:02,600
and made him the legend we know today.
639
00:39:04,840 --> 00:39:07,840
♪ ♪
640
00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:14,440
In Aswan, the team are bringing the mummy
641
00:39:14,520 --> 00:39:18,160
of ancient Egyptian Shemai
to the surface for the first time
642
00:39:18,240 --> 00:39:20,240
in 4,000 years.
643
00:39:28,520 --> 00:39:31,200
This is the culmination of 10 years
of field work
644
00:39:31,280 --> 00:39:33,040
for Alejandro,
645
00:39:33,120 --> 00:39:35,000
and an incredible opportunity
646
00:39:35,080 --> 00:39:37,400
to learn more about Shemai.
647
00:39:48,640 --> 00:39:50,360
Oh.
648
00:39:50,720 --> 00:39:52,760
125.
649
00:39:52,840 --> 00:39:53,920
It's quite short.
650
00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:56,440
♪ ♪
651
00:39:56,520 --> 00:39:58,600
My daughter is more or less like this,
652
00:39:58,680 --> 00:40:00,680
and she's 8 years old, so...
653
00:40:02,760 --> 00:40:04,880
I expected that...
654
00:40:04,960 --> 00:40:06,400
at least...
655
00:40:06,480 --> 00:40:08,960
he would be around
20 years old or something.
656
00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:11,600
It has been a surprise.
657
00:40:11,680 --> 00:40:14,520
I never expected that...
658
00:40:14,840 --> 00:40:17,320
he could be just a boy.
659
00:40:19,200 --> 00:40:23,000
On his coffin,
it was written that he was...
660
00:40:23,080 --> 00:40:26,920
the person in charge of
the administration of the store.
661
00:40:27,960 --> 00:40:30,880
Controlling the store,
you control the people
662
00:40:30,960 --> 00:40:34,800
because you decide who is
going to receive food or not.
663
00:40:35,920 --> 00:40:38,120
This new evidence reveals Shemai
664
00:40:38,200 --> 00:40:42,240
held a powerful position in Egyptian
Society at a very young age.
665
00:40:43,520 --> 00:40:45,640
He may not have been a Pharaoh,
666
00:40:45,720 --> 00:40:47,600
but like the boy King Tutankhamun,
667
00:40:48,360 --> 00:40:51,440
his status afforded him
a tomb and burial goods
668
00:40:51,520 --> 00:40:54,520
to ensure a safe passage
into the afterlife.
669
00:40:59,760 --> 00:41:02,240
♪ ♪
670
00:41:02,320 --> 00:41:05,000
It's taken 12 hours, but finally,
671
00:41:05,080 --> 00:41:07,400
Eissa and his convoy of
Tutankhamun's treasures
672
00:41:07,480 --> 00:41:10,040
arrives in the city.
673
00:41:14,680 --> 00:41:18,800
Now we are in Cairo,
welcomed by crowded traffic.
674
00:41:27,000 --> 00:41:28,640
Very, very, very exciting.
675
00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:31,120
We wait for this moment.
676
00:41:33,440 --> 00:41:36,160
Tarek Tawfik, the Museum Director,
677
00:41:36,240 --> 00:41:39,080
is anxious to get
everything safely inside.
678
00:41:43,600 --> 00:41:46,880
The first cradles have to be taken out,
679
00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:50,400
in order for the Tutankhamun
pieces to start emerging.
680
00:41:55,200 --> 00:41:57,560
Now, I can say I'm very, very happy.
681
00:41:57,640 --> 00:41:59,040
Mission is complete, yes.
682
00:42:00,080 --> 00:42:03,320
It will be like
unpacking Christmas presents.
683
00:42:04,040 --> 00:42:05,600
When we get out these pieces
684
00:42:05,680 --> 00:42:08,400
and find out more details about
685
00:42:08,480 --> 00:42:12,360
how they compliment the whole
story of King Tutankhamun.
686
00:42:13,360 --> 00:42:15,440
♪ ♪
687
00:42:16,520 --> 00:42:19,800
Eissa's team can finally
unpack the priceless treasures.
688
00:42:25,120 --> 00:42:28,560
Scientists and Egyptologists
can now begin to study
689
00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:31,440
and analyze each item in
their new high-tech lab.
690
00:42:34,200 --> 00:42:37,360
Top of the list is the newly
discovered boat pieces.
691
00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:42,640
We'll check now in our database
692
00:42:42,720 --> 00:42:45,960
which of them maybe related to
any of the boats in the storeroom.
693
00:42:47,920 --> 00:42:50,160
For almost 100 years,
694
00:42:50,240 --> 00:42:53,120
the boat that was buried
alongside Tutankhamun,
695
00:42:53,200 --> 00:42:55,320
to help him travel into the afterlife,
696
00:42:55,400 --> 00:42:57,960
has been missing its mast.
697
00:43:07,280 --> 00:43:08,760
Exactly.
698
00:43:09,440 --> 00:43:12,440
♪ ♪
699
00:43:22,280 --> 00:43:23,880
It is very beautiful.
700
00:43:26,680 --> 00:43:29,200
It's amazing that after all these years,
701
00:43:29,280 --> 00:43:31,360
we still have new discoveries
702
00:43:31,440 --> 00:43:33,640
and new secrets for this...
703
00:43:33,720 --> 00:43:36,680
golden King, Tutankhamun.
704
00:43:38,720 --> 00:43:41,000
100 years after its discovery,
705
00:43:41,080 --> 00:43:43,040
Tutankhamun's stunning treasure
706
00:43:43,120 --> 00:43:45,000
is still surprising the world.
707
00:43:48,160 --> 00:43:49,960
And the Valley of the Kings
708
00:43:50,040 --> 00:43:53,160
shows why it remains
the greatest place on Earth
709
00:43:53,240 --> 00:43:56,920
to hunt for the secrets of
Egypt's famous Pharaohs.
710
00:43:57,000 --> 00:43:59,000
♪ ♪
711
00:44:07,360 --> 00:44:09,360
Captioned by Point.360
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