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A miraculous meteorite
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falling from the heavens.
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A priceless gemstone
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‐with a deadly curse.
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And a chunk of sandstone
considered so sacred
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‐that wars have been fought
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‐to protect it.
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Throughout history,
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many have insisted
that simple stones
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can do everything
from choosing a king
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to causing death.
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So, what is it
about rocks and stones
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that inspires some people
to worship them?
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Well,
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that is what we'll try
and find out.
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The UnXplained S02 - EP05
Mysterious Stones
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Subtitled by Diego Moraes
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Mecca.
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It is home to one of the world's
largest religious structures,
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the Grand Mosque.
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In the center courtyard
of this immense edifice
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stands a 43‐foot‐tall
granite cube known as the Kaaba,
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the House of God.
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Five times a day,
every day,
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almost two billion Muslims
across the world
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turn and pray towards
this striking black monument,
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the holiest and most sacred site
in all of Islam.
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Why?
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Because embedded in the eastern
corner of this shrine
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is perhaps the most sacred stone
in all the world,
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the Black Stone of Mecca.
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For the world's
1.8 billion Muslims,
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this stone is crucial.
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When Muslims face
in the direction of Mecca,
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they face in the direction
of that stone.
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This object,
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as simple as it might be,
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is of incredible significance
to the Muslim faith,
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because it is said
to have fallen from heaven
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at the commands of Allah
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at the time of Adam and Eve.
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And it was said to have marked
the position
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of the first temple,
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which obviously becomes
Mecca itself.
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Then the story is that stone
gets lost during the flood,
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because Muslims have
the same flood story
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that Jews do
from the Hebrew Bible.
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Then that stone for Muslims
is rediscovered by Abraham.
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So, Abraham,
with his son Ishmael,
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build in Mecca
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the first place of prayer.
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That's why Mecca
is important to Muslims,
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because this is the first place
of prayer to the one God.
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Over time, it gets worn away.
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The building gets rebuilt.
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In 605,
the prophet Muhammad himself
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is the one that places
that stone in its place.
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That's part
of what gives it power.
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Each year,
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millions of Muslims
make a pilgrimage,
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or hajj, to the Kaaba.
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Once there,
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visitors take part in a series
of rituals called Tawaf,
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which includes circling
the Kaaba seven times,
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in the belief that it will bring
about true humility
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by linking them with God.
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The Black Stone
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is therefore one
of the focal points
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of the hajj ceremony
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that every Muslim
certainly tries to achieve
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during their lifetime.
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And they will then enter
the central court of Mecca
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and, if possible,
try to kiss the Black Stone
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in emulation of Muhammad,
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who was said to have set it up
in this position
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in the year 605 AD.
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This is
the most mystical encounter
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with any material object that a
loyal Muslim can possibly have.
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They're in such
a hypnotic state,
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such a transcendent state,
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and they use the corner
of the building to make sure
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it's seven times,
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to have the full effect
of the ritual activity.
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With Muslims in Mecca,
the Black Stone has
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the power to communicate
with people.
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And I mean literally talk
with people.
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There's two million people
nowadays
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that make that pilgrimage.
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You might get trampled,
and, unfortunately,
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there have been people
who have been trampled to death.
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But that's so important
that it connects you back
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to the historic past.
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The Black Stone is
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a major material focus,
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the most sacred object
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in one of the world's
most major religions,
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and it also was sacred
to other people.
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So people who are outside
the Islamic tradition
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may risk their lives
to travel to see this.
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And if they're found out,
they may well be killed.
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You have these accounts
of people
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like Captain
Richard Francis Burton,
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one of these famous explorers
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who disguises himself
as a Muslim.
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There's a power there
for him to see the ritual,
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to see the stone,
to handle this thing.
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Richard Francis Burton goes in,
sees this,
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is able to come back out
and writes about this.
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So you can see from him
the importance of this place
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because of the connection
to the biblical prophets.
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Certainly, the stories
that have been built around it
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really pull people in.
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And some people suggest
that maybe it's something
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in the stone itself,
uh, that pulls people in.
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The stone itself
pulling people in?
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But how?
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For the millions,
if not billions, of Muslims
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who have made their pilgrimage
to the Kaaba,
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there's no doubt that the Black
Stone has an inexorable power
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that seems to draw them
into its orbit.
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And according to some experts,
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that's because the Black Stone
is not of this world.
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Muslims believe that this was
sent down by God to Earth.
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If we're scientific,
we may call that a meteorite.
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If we're not scientific,
we may call that miraculous.
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Here's this stone
that comes from the heavens.
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When a meteorite hits the Earth
and somebody witnessed it fall,
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and‐and they were
to go to that location,
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there's a variety of things
that they might be able to find.
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If the stone falls
in a sandy area, for example,
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there might be a lot of heat
associated with the meteorite
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as it falls,
and that could cause a fusion
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of the sand to cause
some kind of glass to form.
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00:06:51,578 --> 00:06:54,079
And so, when you walk up
onto it, you might find
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some interesting new features
that you probably wouldn't
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have seen in that particular
part of the‐the world before.
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00:07:03,381 --> 00:07:05,591
Meteorites arrive
from outer space.
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Being exposed to cosmic rays,
they're slightly radioactive.
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To people not exposed
to electromagnetic radiation,
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00:07:13,099 --> 00:07:17,102
they would might have been
able to even feel that buzz
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from this rock,
from the radiation,
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the beta particles especially.
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You know, whether you believe
it was sent by God
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or whether you believe
it was a random act,
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it has literally
extraterrestrial origins.
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And so, that creates
a real power there.
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Could the Black Stone of Mecca
really have the power
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to physically affect people
who come near it?
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Well, the truth is,
we may never know for sure,
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because no one has ever been
officially allowed
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to inspect or analyze it.
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So, there are a lot of exciting
and interesting questions
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about the Black Stone.
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I think the first initial one
is, is it actually a meteorite?
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A lot of people propose that,
and there's some evidence,
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particularly from a local impact
crater, that it came from there.
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And is there some sort of
radiation energy that it emits
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or is coming from it that
we just don't understand yet?
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So it would be really amazing
to have the opportunity
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to analyze the Black Stone.
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There are obviously challenges,
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both sort of social
as well as scientific.
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It's in the Muslim world,
it's in a very sacred place,
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it's a very sacred stone.
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So, bringing in scientists
and doing careful analyses
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have those social challenges
and would be difficult.
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Even if you don't believe,
uh, as a Muslim,
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that this, you know,
comes from God,
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and has this religious
significance,
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you understand the power
of this object,
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that for at least 1,400 years,
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Muslims have been circling,
as they do their prayers.
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There's a tremendous power
there, we want to touch that.
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Millions of people,
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drawn to a mysterious stone,
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imbued with strange physical
powers, from another world?
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A far‐fetched notion, perhaps.
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But one that many people
have believed in for centuries.
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Not unlike the belief
in another sacred object,
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one that may have the ability
to bring people back
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from the brink of death.
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While exploring the remains
of an ancient Maya ruin,
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English adventurer
Frederick Albert Mitchell‐Hedges
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and his daughter Anna find
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a human skull
carved out of pure quartz.
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It was high noon and she was
at the top of the pyramid.
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And the way the sun came in, the
way the rocks had moved on that,
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there was just a small opening,
and the light from the sun
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went through and it hit
the top of the skull.
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And, uh, she ran down
and she's all excited.
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So they got a small hole
big enough, and Anna was chosen,
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00:09:59,849 --> 00:10:02,976
and they tied a rope to her
and put her down into the hole.
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00:10:02,977 --> 00:10:05,187
And she came up
with the top of the skull.
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When the natives saw it, it was
like their god had returned.
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They all started crying
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and kissing the earth
and everything.
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They were just so excited.
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Mitchell‐Hedges seeing this, he
presented it to the high priest.
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00:10:17,909 --> 00:10:21,745
And they put it in an altar,
and for 24 hours a day,
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00:10:21,746 --> 00:10:25,124
they burned flames around
the‐the crystal skull.
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00:10:25,125 --> 00:10:29,169
But even more extraordinary
than the skull itself
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00:10:29,170 --> 00:10:32,422
was the fact
that a legend came with it,
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00:10:32,423 --> 00:10:35,300
one so amazing
that Frederick Mitchell‐Hedges
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and his daughter Anna
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didn't know whether they should
rejoice in their discovery
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00:10:40,265 --> 00:10:42,975
or be intimidated
by the burden of it.
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00:10:42,976 --> 00:10:45,811
The legend of
the crystal skulls.
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00:10:45,812 --> 00:10:48,272
This was given
to F. A. Mitchell‐Hedges
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00:10:48,273 --> 00:10:51,608
by a medicine woman
back in Lubaantun.
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00:10:51,609 --> 00:10:55,487
Mayans say there are 13 skulls.
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00:10:55,488 --> 00:10:59,491
And 13 skulls have been placed
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00:10:59,492 --> 00:11:01,160
in various parts of the world
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00:11:01,161 --> 00:11:04,496
but possibly on
the different energy centers.
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00:11:04,497 --> 00:11:06,498
And when they're all activated,
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00:11:06,499 --> 00:11:10,210
all 13 of them,
then they say that it's a time
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00:11:10,211 --> 00:11:14,006
of peace and harmony
in the world.
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00:11:14,007 --> 00:11:16,508
What I think is,
all those crystal skulls
218
00:11:16,509 --> 00:11:18,093
have a unique purpose.
219
00:11:18,094 --> 00:11:23,348
So I'm not exactly sure
where all the 13 skulls are.
220
00:11:23,349 --> 00:11:26,727
You have to see it
to really appreciate
221
00:11:26,728 --> 00:11:28,312
the Mitchell‐Hedges skull.
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00:11:28,313 --> 00:11:31,190
It's, it's a pretty amazing
piece of crystal just in itself,
223
00:11:31,191 --> 00:11:33,859
and then the‐the workmanship
that went into it.
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00:11:33,860 --> 00:11:36,904
How it was made
is really a mystery.
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00:11:36,905 --> 00:11:41,033
Weighing approximately
12 pounds,
226
00:11:41,034 --> 00:11:43,702
the crystal skull
is remarkably accurate
227
00:11:43,703 --> 00:11:46,371
in its anatomical detail.
228
00:11:46,372 --> 00:11:50,250
They've tried to analyze
how it was cut,
229
00:11:50,251 --> 00:11:53,170
but they do not know,
to this day.
230
00:11:53,171 --> 00:11:55,214
The technology
is so sophisticated,
231
00:11:55,215 --> 00:11:57,633
it's almost like
from another world.
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00:11:57,634 --> 00:12:00,719
A lot of crystal skulls
are actually known as fakes,
233
00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:04,306
because they were produced
in the 19th century
234
00:12:04,307 --> 00:12:07,017
using modern machinery,
235
00:12:07,018 --> 00:12:10,729
and microscopes were able
to show tool marks.
236
00:12:10,730 --> 00:12:13,523
But the skull in question
that we're talking about
237
00:12:13,524 --> 00:12:18,362
is one that they can't find
tool marks on it.
238
00:12:18,363 --> 00:12:23,575
So, if any of the crystal skulls
are actual pre‐Mayan artifacts,
239
00:12:23,576 --> 00:12:27,204
then the Mitchell‐Hedges skull
probably is the one.
240
00:12:27,205 --> 00:12:31,708
If modern technology
is unable to replicate
241
00:12:31,709 --> 00:12:35,088
the Mitchell‐Hedges skull,
then how was it created?
242
00:12:36,589 --> 00:12:39,258
To find out, teams of scientists
were brought in
243
00:12:39,259 --> 00:12:40,926
to conduct a number of tests.
244
00:12:40,927 --> 00:12:45,973
At one point in the 1960s,
a IBM engineer
245
00:12:45,974 --> 00:12:48,600
named Marcel Vogel
began testing this skull.
246
00:12:48,601 --> 00:12:52,437
What he believed
was that it is filled,
247
00:12:52,438 --> 00:12:54,231
uh, like a microchip,
248
00:12:54,232 --> 00:12:57,109
with the history of the world
at that time.
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00:12:57,110 --> 00:13:01,738
So, it's a very old,
rough computer, basically.
250
00:13:01,739 --> 00:13:05,075
A quartz crystal computer?
251
00:13:05,076 --> 00:13:07,619
Storing history
like a hard drive?
252
00:13:07,620 --> 00:13:09,246
It seems impossible.
253
00:13:09,247 --> 00:13:13,375
But in 2016, researchers
at the University of Southampton
254
00:13:13,376 --> 00:13:15,252
were able to use a piece
of quartz,
255
00:13:15,253 --> 00:13:17,296
similar to that found
in the skull,
256
00:13:17,297 --> 00:13:21,466
to perform just such a function.
257
00:13:21,467 --> 00:13:24,678
What they did is,
they used lasers to form dots
258
00:13:24,679 --> 00:13:27,306
with, inside
of a quartz crystal,
259
00:13:27,307 --> 00:13:29,141
at different levels within it.
260
00:13:29,142 --> 00:13:31,768
And the pattern that they print
is the data,
261
00:13:31,769 --> 00:13:33,020
you know, like zeros and ones
262
00:13:33,021 --> 00:13:35,022
that we use for computers
right now.
263
00:13:35,023 --> 00:13:39,318
You could store about
360 terabytes of information.
264
00:13:39,319 --> 00:13:43,071
Even if humanity were to go
completely extinct,
265
00:13:43,072 --> 00:13:45,323
this data and this information
would last
266
00:13:45,324 --> 00:13:47,325
as long as the Earth would last.
267
00:13:47,326 --> 00:13:50,328
If it's true that
the Mitchell‐Hedges skull
268
00:13:50,329 --> 00:13:53,206
could be storing vast amounts
of information,
269
00:13:53,207 --> 00:13:57,169
what secrets might it divulge
if, or when,
270
00:13:57,170 --> 00:14:00,464
someone figures out
how to decrypt it?
271
00:14:00,465 --> 00:14:04,134
As the caretaker of the
Mitchell‐Hedges crystal skull,
272
00:14:04,135 --> 00:14:07,054
it's my job
carrying on the tradition,
273
00:14:07,055 --> 00:14:11,183
to let it out for people to see
and be around and experience it.
274
00:14:11,184 --> 00:14:13,810
Some people, uh, claim
the crystal skull
275
00:14:13,811 --> 00:14:18,523
has given them premonitions
or visions of the future.
276
00:14:18,524 --> 00:14:20,192
But there are many people
who believe
277
00:14:20,193 --> 00:14:22,778
that the Mitchell‐Hedges
crystal skull
278
00:14:22,779 --> 00:14:25,489
was actually made
in ancient times,
279
00:14:25,490 --> 00:14:28,200
originally as a healing device.
280
00:14:28,201 --> 00:14:30,368
A healing device?
281
00:14:30,369 --> 00:14:32,704
Is it possible
that the Skull of Doom
282
00:14:32,705 --> 00:14:36,416
can actually have the power
to save lives?
283
00:14:36,417 --> 00:14:40,129
According to one woman,
the answer is yes.
284
00:14:45,885 --> 00:14:48,053
A local singer
and costume designer
285
00:14:48,054 --> 00:14:51,389
named Phoenix Rising
is going about her work day
286
00:14:51,390 --> 00:14:52,724
when, out of the blue,
287
00:14:52,725 --> 00:14:55,727
she's struck with
an intense migraine headache.
288
00:14:55,728 --> 00:14:58,480
And although she has a lifelong
history of migraines,
289
00:14:58,481 --> 00:15:03,401
for some reason
this one feels different.
290
00:15:03,402 --> 00:15:05,320
I went to the emergency room,
291
00:15:05,321 --> 00:15:07,405
I said to the nurse,
"Something is going on."
292
00:15:07,406 --> 00:15:10,534
She put me in for a scan,
and when she came out,
293
00:15:10,535 --> 00:15:13,078
her face was white as a ghost.
294
00:15:13,079 --> 00:15:15,747
And literally it was
three, two, one, and...
295
00:15:15,748 --> 00:15:18,041
paramedics, everybody, boom
296
00:15:18,042 --> 00:15:19,417
IVs, the whole thing
297
00:15:19,418 --> 00:15:22,254
and I was having
a brain hemorrhage.
298
00:15:22,255 --> 00:15:25,841
So I spent the next two weeks
in ICU.
299
00:15:25,842 --> 00:15:29,177
They were trying to figure out
how in the world I was alive,
300
00:15:29,178 --> 00:15:31,972
breathing, being able to see,
being able to walk.
301
00:15:31,973 --> 00:15:34,766
After hearing about
Phoenix's condition,
302
00:15:34,767 --> 00:15:36,393
a Native American Pueblo elder,
303
00:15:36,394 --> 00:15:38,603
who claimed to have
once been a keeper
304
00:15:38,604 --> 00:15:40,438
of the Mitchell‐Hedges skull,
305
00:15:40,439 --> 00:15:42,774
offered to send her
a piece of quartz
306
00:15:42,775 --> 00:15:44,734
that had been kept
in close proximity
307
00:15:44,735 --> 00:15:47,946
to the crystal skull
for some time.
308
00:15:47,947 --> 00:15:50,490
He got me on the phone.
His name is John Francis,
309
00:15:50,491 --> 00:15:54,452
and he said, "I'm gonna send you
a quartz crystal
310
00:15:54,453 --> 00:15:57,455
"that's been charged from
this Mitchell‐Hedges skull.
311
00:15:57,456 --> 00:16:00,250
"I want you to put it in water
312
00:16:00,251 --> 00:16:02,335
"and in the morning
I want you to drink it,
313
00:16:02,336 --> 00:16:03,837
"and you're gonna drink it
every morning,
314
00:16:03,838 --> 00:16:06,131
and I want you to see
what's gonna happen."
315
00:16:06,132 --> 00:16:08,884
At this point
I'm trying to recover,
316
00:16:08,885 --> 00:16:11,596
so I'm willing absolutely
to do anything.
317
00:16:13,639 --> 00:16:16,975
Although skeptical, Phoenix felt
she had nothing to lose
318
00:16:16,976 --> 00:16:19,186
by trying the bizarre remedy.
319
00:16:19,187 --> 00:16:22,439
For two days she followed
the medicine man's instructions,
320
00:16:22,440 --> 00:16:25,775
seemingly without results.
321
00:16:25,776 --> 00:16:28,778
And then, on the third day,
322
00:16:28,779 --> 00:16:32,032
something unexpected happened.
323
00:16:32,033 --> 00:16:33,783
I drank the water
in the morning,
324
00:16:33,784 --> 00:16:38,914
and probably about five,
six‐ish minutes later,
325
00:16:38,915 --> 00:16:40,123
I literally hear
326
00:16:40,124 --> 00:16:43,126
a sound inside that went...
327
00:16:46,339 --> 00:16:48,173
...like a vibration.
328
00:16:48,174 --> 00:16:51,968
This quartz was healing me
and repairing my body,
329
00:16:51,969 --> 00:16:53,803
my cells, my water, my DNA.
330
00:16:53,804 --> 00:16:56,223
And when I went back
to the hospital,
331
00:16:56,224 --> 00:16:59,351
the doctors were absolutely,
yes, 100% shocked
332
00:16:59,352 --> 00:17:03,271
that I was able
to drain the blood out
333
00:17:03,272 --> 00:17:04,898
and that I was healing.
334
00:17:04,899 --> 00:17:07,817
Whether Phoenix's
shocking recovery
335
00:17:07,818 --> 00:17:09,486
made sense
to the doctors or not,
336
00:17:09,487 --> 00:17:11,529
it appeared undeniable
337
00:17:11,530 --> 00:17:14,699
that her condition had improved
due to the unique properties
338
00:17:14,700 --> 00:17:17,035
of the crystal skull.
339
00:17:17,036 --> 00:17:20,997
For me, I definitely know
that it unlocked something
340
00:17:20,998 --> 00:17:23,083
in my brain that healed me
341
00:17:23,084 --> 00:17:26,753
from a life‐threatening
condition that then allowed me
342
00:17:26,754 --> 00:17:30,841
to move into success
in my life, to be here.
343
00:17:32,885 --> 00:17:36,888
Could the crystal which forms
the Mitchell‐Hedges skull
344
00:17:36,889 --> 00:17:39,140
really possess
healing properties?
345
00:17:39,141 --> 00:17:41,560
Or are the skull's
mystic powers,
346
00:17:41,561 --> 00:17:44,563
uh, only in the mind?
347
00:17:44,564 --> 00:17:46,064
Perhaps the answer can be found
348
00:17:46,065 --> 00:17:49,025
by examining one of
the most valuable gemstones
349
00:17:49,026 --> 00:17:51,236
in the world,
and which many believe
350
00:17:51,237 --> 00:17:55,491
is cursed by a kind
of dark energy.
351
00:18:03,624 --> 00:18:07,252
Over one million people turn out
for the funeral procession
352
00:18:07,253 --> 00:18:10,255
of Elizabeth Bowes‐Lyon,
otherwise known
353
00:18:10,256 --> 00:18:12,257
as the Queen Mother
of Great Britain's
354
00:18:12,258 --> 00:18:14,676
Queen Elizabeth II.
355
00:18:14,677 --> 00:18:17,596
Atop her casket, in addition
356
00:18:17,597 --> 00:18:19,598
to ceremonial flowers
and her coat of arms,
357
00:18:19,599 --> 00:18:21,683
is the crown she wore
358
00:18:21,684 --> 00:18:27,272
at her husband King George VI's
coronation in 1937.
359
00:18:27,273 --> 00:18:31,276
Although it is adorned with
an estimated 2,800 diamonds,
360
00:18:31,277 --> 00:18:35,780
one in particular attracts
more awe and fascination
361
00:18:35,781 --> 00:18:38,950
from the crowd than the rest.
362
00:18:38,951 --> 00:18:43,622
The diamond known
as the Koh‐i‐Noor.
363
00:18:43,623 --> 00:18:45,790
That, an imperial crown,
364
00:18:45,791 --> 00:18:49,294
and at its center, in the front,
365
00:18:49,295 --> 00:18:51,212
the most famous diamond
in the world,
366
00:18:51,213 --> 00:18:52,964
the Koh‐i‐Noor diamond.
367
00:18:52,965 --> 00:18:56,134
The name means
"mountain of light."
368
00:18:56,135 --> 00:19:00,263
Since 1895, it has only been
worn by a woman
369
00:19:00,264 --> 00:19:01,806
by Queen Mary,
370
00:19:01,807 --> 00:19:03,308
the Queen Mother's
mother‐in‐law,
371
00:19:03,309 --> 00:19:05,977
and then
by the Queen Mother herself.
372
00:19:05,978 --> 00:19:09,856
Measuring a massive 105 karats
373
00:19:09,857 --> 00:19:13,568
and estimated to be worth
over $1 billion,
374
00:19:13,569 --> 00:19:16,571
the Koh‐i‐Noor is one of
the largest cut diamonds
375
00:19:16,572 --> 00:19:17,656
in the world.
376
00:19:17,657 --> 00:19:20,492
And according to historians,
377
00:19:20,493 --> 00:19:23,287
it is also
one of the most feared.
378
00:19:24,872 --> 00:19:26,748
The Koh‐i‐Noor diamond,
379
00:19:26,749 --> 00:19:29,668
uh, is one of the, uh,
more impressive diamonds
380
00:19:29,669 --> 00:19:33,838
that have ever been unearthed
in the history of humankind.
381
00:19:33,839 --> 00:19:36,508
It was unearthed
somewhere in India,
382
00:19:36,509 --> 00:19:39,177
which was the main spot
that diamonds were unearthed.
383
00:19:39,178 --> 00:19:41,221
But this particular diamond,
384
00:19:41,222 --> 00:19:42,847
it has a very, very long
385
00:19:42,848 --> 00:19:45,517
and sort of tragic
and bloody history.
386
00:19:45,518 --> 00:19:47,852
And there are legends
attached to this,
387
00:19:47,853 --> 00:19:50,188
where it is held to be accursed,
388
00:19:50,189 --> 00:19:53,942
and bring curses to especially
any man who touches this.
389
00:19:53,943 --> 00:19:55,860
Uh, which is why,
even in the British royalty,
390
00:19:55,861 --> 00:19:59,030
it remains a part
of the, um, crown jewels,
391
00:19:59,031 --> 00:20:00,448
uh, for women only.
392
00:20:00,449 --> 00:20:04,411
A curse on any man
who touches it?
393
00:20:04,412 --> 00:20:06,705
But what could give
a beautiful stone
394
00:20:06,706 --> 00:20:08,707
such a dark power?
395
00:20:08,708 --> 00:20:10,959
Many believe the answer
can be found
396
00:20:10,960 --> 00:20:13,712
by examining the Koh‐i‐Noor's
storied history,
397
00:20:13,713 --> 00:20:15,380
which, according to records,
398
00:20:15,381 --> 00:20:19,384
dates all the way back
to 14th century India.
399
00:20:19,385 --> 00:20:21,261
The Koh‐i‐Noor really
catches your eye.
400
00:20:21,262 --> 00:20:23,555
It's, it's like
a hundred‐karat stone.
401
00:20:23,556 --> 00:20:26,933
But what really catches your eye
is the history.
402
00:20:26,934 --> 00:20:31,062
The diamond was really
first identified
403
00:20:31,063 --> 00:20:36,317
after Mogul Empire invaded
what's now northern India.
404
00:20:36,318 --> 00:20:40,905
They settled in Delhi
after their conquest
405
00:20:40,906 --> 00:20:44,576
and started
collecting gemstones.
406
00:20:44,577 --> 00:20:49,247
Shah Jahan became the ruler
in 1626.
407
00:20:49,248 --> 00:20:52,751
He designed this throne called
the Peacock Throne
408
00:20:52,752 --> 00:20:55,754
that was in the tradition
of biblical throne,
409
00:20:55,755 --> 00:20:57,130
like King Solomon.
410
00:20:57,131 --> 00:21:01,926
It took seven years and cost
three to four times more
411
00:21:01,927 --> 00:21:04,554
than it cost
to build the Taj Mahal.
412
00:21:04,555 --> 00:21:07,891
And you can understand
the immense expense
413
00:21:07,892 --> 00:21:09,601
that this took to create.
414
00:21:09,602 --> 00:21:11,728
And then,
at the centerpiece of this,
415
00:21:11,729 --> 00:21:14,732
was the Koh‐i‐Noor
at the very top.
416
00:21:18,277 --> 00:21:20,487
In 1739,
417
00:21:20,488 --> 00:21:23,114
after 100 years of peace,
418
00:21:23,115 --> 00:21:27,619
a merciless Persian ruler
named Nader Shah invaded India.
419
00:21:27,620 --> 00:21:33,167
Tens of thousands died in
his relentless quest for power.
420
00:21:35,544 --> 00:21:39,631
Following his savage victory,
Nader Shah seized the Koh‐i‐Noor
421
00:21:39,632 --> 00:21:42,467
and had it placed
on his personal armband
422
00:21:42,468 --> 00:21:44,719
as a symbol of his might.
423
00:21:44,720 --> 00:21:46,513
Nader Shah wasn't going
424
00:21:46,514 --> 00:21:47,972
to keep it in the chair.
425
00:21:47,973 --> 00:21:50,141
It was going to be
with him at all times.
426
00:21:50,142 --> 00:21:56,147
Now, Nader Shah became
a very, very repressive ruler.
427
00:21:56,148 --> 00:21:59,192
And even his allies
began to hate him.
428
00:21:59,193 --> 00:22:02,153
And they poisoned him.
429
00:22:02,154 --> 00:22:05,365
After Nader Shah's death,
the diamond passed
430
00:22:05,366 --> 00:22:09,494
through various rulers who‐who
died in very violent ways.
431
00:22:09,495 --> 00:22:13,456
In the years after,
the Koh‐i‐Noor would pass
432
00:22:13,457 --> 00:22:15,458
from one ruler to another,
433
00:22:15,459 --> 00:22:20,922
almost always drenched
in the blood of its prior owner,
434
00:22:20,923 --> 00:22:24,342
as if the diamond itself
demanded a mortal sacrifice
435
00:22:24,343 --> 00:22:26,345
in order to possess it.
436
00:22:28,389 --> 00:22:33,560
Because of battles, um, it fell
from one person to a next,
437
00:22:33,561 --> 00:22:38,064
and started to build up
this, uh, legend
438
00:22:38,065 --> 00:22:42,277
that it had some kind of a curse
associated with it.
439
00:22:42,278 --> 00:22:46,531
Because as soon as it was
in the hands of one ruler,
440
00:22:46,532 --> 00:22:49,701
they would be killed
or their kingdom would be lost
441
00:22:49,702 --> 00:22:52,287
and it would be passed on
to another.
442
00:22:52,288 --> 00:22:57,125
Now, these rulers were wearing
the Koh‐i‐Noor as the armband
443
00:22:57,126 --> 00:22:58,751
to be a protector.
444
00:22:58,752 --> 00:23:01,546
And this is probably
where the curse legend came in,
445
00:23:01,547 --> 00:23:04,591
because the diamond certainly
wasn't protecting them.
446
00:23:04,592 --> 00:23:11,014
And then, in the 19th century,
when the British were in India,
447
00:23:11,015 --> 00:23:14,559
it fell into the hands
of the British Army,
448
00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:18,646
and it was said
that from that point onwards,
449
00:23:18,647 --> 00:23:24,485
that no male should
ever wear this diamond.
450
00:23:24,486 --> 00:23:29,908
But is it actually possible
for an inanimate object
451
00:23:29,909 --> 00:23:33,912
to be imbued
with so‐called dark energy?
452
00:23:33,913 --> 00:23:37,665
Human beings are unique in that
we imbue objects with meaning,
453
00:23:37,666 --> 00:23:41,294
and so if we're bringing
a darkness from within ourselves
454
00:23:41,295 --> 00:23:43,296
and projecting it
onto that object,
455
00:23:43,297 --> 00:23:46,382
then that's what results in this
thing that we call a curse.
456
00:23:46,383 --> 00:23:50,011
Is the Koh‐i‐Noor's ability
to make men kill
457
00:23:50,012 --> 00:23:53,306
in order to possess it
all just a legend?
458
00:23:53,307 --> 00:23:56,267
Or is there
any scientific evidence
459
00:23:56,268 --> 00:24:01,189
to prove that its deadly
reputation is justified?
460
00:24:01,190 --> 00:24:04,984
So, diamonds are really good at
taking heat away from a source
461
00:24:04,985 --> 00:24:06,653
and transmitting it elsewhere.
462
00:24:06,654 --> 00:24:09,113
If you've never held
a large diamond in your life,
463
00:24:09,114 --> 00:24:10,782
and if you first encountered
the stone
464
00:24:10,783 --> 00:24:13,201
and you're putting it
on your chest or on a necklace,
465
00:24:13,202 --> 00:24:16,955
it would feel much colder
than anything that you'd have,
466
00:24:16,956 --> 00:24:19,499
because the heat is being
sucked out of your skin
467
00:24:19,500 --> 00:24:22,794
and transmitted
through this diamond.
468
00:24:22,795 --> 00:24:24,629
It could be one reason
why somebody might feel like
469
00:24:24,630 --> 00:24:26,464
the stone has got
some magical properties
470
00:24:26,465 --> 00:24:28,466
or why it might be cursed.
471
00:24:28,467 --> 00:24:33,471
As long as we believe
that something bad will happen
472
00:24:33,472 --> 00:24:37,976
if a male heir actually uses
this or wears it,
473
00:24:37,977 --> 00:24:41,980
then I think that it needs
to be taken seriously.
474
00:24:41,981 --> 00:24:48,361
So, very clearly, no British
king will ever wear it.
475
00:24:48,362 --> 00:24:52,532
It has been said
that a diamond is forever.
476
00:24:52,533 --> 00:24:54,534
If that's true, could the
Koh‐i‐Noor's supposed curse
477
00:24:54,535 --> 00:24:56,995
also be eternal?
478
00:24:56,996 --> 00:24:58,830
Either way, it's doubtful
we're going to see a king
479
00:24:58,831 --> 00:25:00,958
wearing the Koh‐i‐Noor
any time soon.
480
00:25:02,376 --> 00:25:04,335
Luckily, the British
have another method
481
00:25:04,336 --> 00:25:06,045
of coronating their monarchs.
482
00:25:06,046 --> 00:25:11,384
One that also involves
a mysterious, sacred stone.
483
00:25:11,385 --> 00:25:16,015
Only, this one doesn't
kill kings, it creates them.
484
00:25:26,400 --> 00:25:28,359
Here on St. Andrew's Day,
485
00:25:28,360 --> 00:25:30,403
Scotland's official
national holiday,
486
00:25:30,404 --> 00:25:34,532
a long‐awaited ceremony
is finally taking place.
487
00:25:34,533 --> 00:25:36,534
The occasion will
finally see the return,
488
00:25:36,535 --> 00:25:39,037
after more than 700 years,
489
00:25:39,038 --> 00:25:41,956
of one of Scotland's
most important artifacts:
490
00:25:41,957 --> 00:25:45,126
a roughly two‐by‐one‐foot
sandstone block,
491
00:25:45,127 --> 00:25:50,965
weighing 335 pounds,
called the Stone of Scone.
492
00:25:50,966 --> 00:25:56,763
Or as it's known according
to legend, the Stone of Destiny.
493
00:25:56,764 --> 00:25:59,015
The stone itself
is just a stone,
494
00:25:59,016 --> 00:26:01,476
uh, somewhat
unremarkable‐looking,
495
00:26:01,477 --> 00:26:04,562
and yet the stories of that
stone have been so powerful,
496
00:26:04,563 --> 00:26:06,397
uh, reflecting so many wars
497
00:26:06,398 --> 00:26:11,444
and‐and contests between nations
for hundreds of years.
498
00:26:11,445 --> 00:26:14,322
And another fascinating aspect
of this is that we know
499
00:26:14,323 --> 00:26:17,158
that this stone
was religiously important.
500
00:26:17,159 --> 00:26:20,953
The Stone of Scone has really
interesting religious roots.
501
00:26:20,954 --> 00:26:23,956
And this goes back
to the biblical tradition.
502
00:26:23,957 --> 00:26:28,211
The patriarch Jacob in the Book
of Genesis has this dream
503
00:26:28,212 --> 00:26:32,590
at this place called Beit El,
literally the "House of God."
504
00:26:32,591 --> 00:26:37,303
He's sleeping, and he uses
stones to rest his head on.
505
00:26:37,304 --> 00:26:40,640
There's a tradition that says
Jeremiah, a later prophet,
506
00:26:40,641 --> 00:26:43,059
takes this stone to Ireland.
507
00:26:43,060 --> 00:26:47,647
The stone then finds
its way to Scotland.
508
00:26:47,648 --> 00:26:50,942
In 840 AD, a nobleman
named Kenneth MacAlpin
509
00:26:50,943 --> 00:26:54,654
brought the sandstone slab
to the medieval town of Scone.
510
00:26:54,655 --> 00:26:57,907
According to Scottish legend,
it was the stone itself
511
00:26:57,908 --> 00:27:03,287
that proclaimed him Kenneth I,
the original king of Scotland.
512
00:27:03,288 --> 00:27:05,706
According to the stories, uh,
when the rightful ruler
513
00:27:05,707 --> 00:27:08,709
would place their foot on the
stone, the stone would speak out
514
00:27:08,710 --> 00:27:12,171
and proclaim them as
the rightful ruler of the land.
515
00:27:12,172 --> 00:27:18,803
It's used in Scottish rituals
as a way of coronation.
516
00:27:18,804 --> 00:27:23,474
It's this stone that
is really key, and the idea here
517
00:27:23,475 --> 00:27:27,854
is that the monarch isn't
just selected by the people;
518
00:27:27,855 --> 00:27:30,690
God has chosen the monarch.
519
00:27:30,691 --> 00:27:35,194
For centuries, the Stone
of Destiny was considered
520
00:27:35,195 --> 00:27:38,155
not only one of the greatest
treasures in all of Scotland
521
00:27:38,156 --> 00:27:40,366
but also a legitimate means
522
00:27:40,367 --> 00:27:42,577
by which someone
could rule the country.
523
00:27:42,578 --> 00:27:45,204
Which is why, in 1296,
524
00:27:45,205 --> 00:27:48,165
the English monarch Edward I
wanted it,
525
00:27:48,166 --> 00:27:52,336
and the Scottish throne,
for himself.
526
00:27:52,337 --> 00:27:55,131
In the 13th century
the English come in and conquer.
527
00:27:55,132 --> 00:27:59,176
We always talk about conquerors
taking out valuable objects,
528
00:27:59,177 --> 00:28:02,013
and we think of gold,
diamonds, jewels.
529
00:28:02,014 --> 00:28:03,723
We don't think about stones.
530
00:28:03,724 --> 00:28:05,725
But what's one of the first
things that they take?
531
00:28:05,726 --> 00:28:08,811
Well, they take this stone,
the Stone of Destiny.
532
00:28:08,812 --> 00:28:11,522
The reason Edward
I took the stone
533
00:28:11,523 --> 00:28:13,691
was to demoralize the Scots.
534
00:28:13,692 --> 00:28:15,860
This was the treasure
of Scotland,
535
00:28:15,861 --> 00:28:17,862
this was the center
of their power system.
536
00:28:17,863 --> 00:28:22,033
And now he controlled it and had
himself crowned on this stone,
537
00:28:22,034 --> 00:28:25,077
and then could declare
that he was not only the king
538
00:28:25,078 --> 00:28:28,414
of the English but the king
of the Scots as well.
539
00:28:28,415 --> 00:28:32,084
It was placed
in Westminster Abbey
540
00:28:32,085 --> 00:28:36,714
beneath a Coronation Chair
known as Edward's Seat.
541
00:28:36,715 --> 00:28:39,884
And thereafter,
542
00:28:39,885 --> 00:28:44,890
it was used in the coronations
of all English rulers.
543
00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:48,434
Edward basically builds it
into a chair,
544
00:28:48,435 --> 00:28:49,894
covers it over with‐with wood,
545
00:28:49,895 --> 00:28:52,396
and it becomes a throne,
essentially,
546
00:28:52,397 --> 00:28:55,983
but the idea is that the power
comes from this stone,
547
00:28:55,984 --> 00:28:57,860
the Stone of Destiny.
548
00:28:57,861 --> 00:28:59,487
Destiny,
549
00:28:59,488 --> 00:29:02,698
the idea that the course
of one's entire life
550
00:29:02,699 --> 00:29:07,411
has been predetermined by a
power beyond our understanding.
551
00:29:07,412 --> 00:29:09,622
Back in the Middle Ages,
it might make sense
552
00:29:09,623 --> 00:29:11,332
that people would think
that greatness
553
00:29:11,333 --> 00:29:15,336
could be bestowed upon someone
by a divine force.
554
00:29:15,337 --> 00:29:20,299
But what is it about this
unremarkable slab of rock
555
00:29:20,300 --> 00:29:24,804
that still holds
such importance today?
556
00:29:24,805 --> 00:29:26,847
We tend to think of these
rituals as somehow going back
557
00:29:26,848 --> 00:29:28,599
to older, superstitious people,
558
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:31,727
but the fact that the British
in the 21st century
559
00:29:31,728 --> 00:29:36,816
still will proclaim the monarch
on the throne of this stone,
560
00:29:36,817 --> 00:29:38,526
that becomes really important.
561
00:29:38,527 --> 00:29:40,528
Th‐These are not ancient,
archaic people
562
00:29:40,529 --> 00:29:42,363
who don't know anything
about the world.
563
00:29:42,364 --> 00:29:46,909
These are modern 21st century
Brits who are still saying,
564
00:29:46,910 --> 00:29:49,328
you know, that‐that we still
need to be able to show
565
00:29:49,329 --> 00:29:53,165
that our queen or our king
comes from this divine
566
00:29:53,166 --> 00:29:56,460
that God has chosen this person.
567
00:29:56,461 --> 00:30:00,214
Nearly every British king
or queen since the 14th century
568
00:30:00,215 --> 00:30:03,259
has been coronated
on the Stone of Destiny.
569
00:30:03,260 --> 00:30:06,220
It was last used in 1953,
during the coronation ceremony
570
00:30:06,221 --> 00:30:10,266
of the current monarch
Queen Elizabeth II.
571
00:30:10,267 --> 00:30:12,393
But as a growing number
of Scottish people
572
00:30:12,394 --> 00:30:14,395
have begun to speculate,
573
00:30:14,396 --> 00:30:17,398
was Elizabeth's coronation
legitimate?
574
00:30:17,399 --> 00:30:20,359
Because, as many have
come to believe,
575
00:30:20,360 --> 00:30:24,990
the Stone of Destiny
may not be the real thing.
576
00:30:27,325 --> 00:30:30,161
A Christmas Day
sensation at Westminster Abbey.
577
00:30:30,162 --> 00:30:32,913
The Stone of Destiny, which had
been there for some 600 years,
578
00:30:32,914 --> 00:30:35,332
was stolen
from the Coronation Chair.
579
00:30:35,333 --> 00:30:37,668
In 1950,
580
00:30:37,669 --> 00:30:42,631
a group of Scottish students
actually got into
581
00:30:42,632 --> 00:30:46,385
Westminster Abbey
and stole the Stone of Scone
582
00:30:46,386 --> 00:30:49,680
and took it back to the altar
583
00:30:49,681 --> 00:30:53,601
of Arbroath Abbey in Scotland,
584
00:30:53,602 --> 00:30:57,063
and thus giving it into the
hands of the Church of Scotland.
585
00:30:57,064 --> 00:31:02,068
The Church of Scotland then gave
the stone back to England.
586
00:31:02,069 --> 00:31:06,697
However, there is a strong rumor
that the original stone
587
00:31:06,698 --> 00:31:09,700
never reached Westminster,
588
00:31:09,701 --> 00:31:15,372
a‐and that the one
that is there was a fake.
589
00:31:15,373 --> 00:31:20,211
However, whether this story is
true or not, we may never know.
590
00:31:20,212 --> 00:31:23,631
A fake Stone of Destiny?
591
00:31:23,632 --> 00:31:25,216
It's an interesting claim,
592
00:31:25,217 --> 00:31:27,676
but one that is not
without its problems.
593
00:31:27,677 --> 00:31:30,221
Because when the English
returned the Stone of Destiny
594
00:31:30,222 --> 00:31:34,225
to the Scots,
they did so on one condition.
595
00:31:34,226 --> 00:31:37,937
In 1996, when the stone
is returned back to Scotland,
596
00:31:37,938 --> 00:31:40,189
there's an agreement that,
"Okay, you have it,
597
00:31:40,190 --> 00:31:42,650
but we'll use it the next time
we coronate a monarch."
598
00:31:42,651 --> 00:31:47,071
The point is that
we believe in its power.
599
00:31:47,072 --> 00:31:49,573
We believe in its potency.
600
00:31:49,574 --> 00:31:53,661
And I'm sure
that when Charles or Wills
601
00:31:53,662 --> 00:31:58,415
are themselves crowned
kings of Britain,
602
00:31:58,416 --> 00:32:02,628
that they will themselves use
that coronation stone,
603
00:32:02,629 --> 00:32:07,008
and they will believe wholly
in its potency.
604
00:32:09,010 --> 00:32:12,930
Could the Stone of Scone
really possess a mystic power?
605
00:32:12,931 --> 00:32:15,558
Or is its power merely
based on a legend?
606
00:32:15,559 --> 00:32:18,310
A fairy tale meant
to inspire awe
607
00:32:18,311 --> 00:32:19,770
in the weak‐minded.
608
00:32:19,771 --> 00:32:21,856
Well, believe it or not,
some ancient legends
609
00:32:21,857 --> 00:32:24,441
are based on fact,
much like the stone
610
00:32:24,442 --> 00:32:27,987
located in an Italian chapel
that some believe
611
00:32:27,988 --> 00:32:32,117
contains a power from heaven.
612
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:42,334
Near the rustic town
of Chiusdino
613
00:32:42,335 --> 00:32:45,881
stands the haunting ruins
of San Galgano Abbey.
614
00:32:47,424 --> 00:32:50,301
Constructed around 1220 AD
to memorialize
615
00:32:50,302 --> 00:32:53,304
the Catholic saint
Galgano Guidotti,
616
00:32:53,305 --> 00:32:56,140
the abbey's once proud roof
has decayed,
617
00:32:56,141 --> 00:33:00,604
leaving its soaring cathedral
exposed to the ravages of time.
618
00:33:01,855 --> 00:33:05,691
But nearby,
inside a round mausoleum,
619
00:33:05,692 --> 00:33:08,986
originally built to entomb
St. Galgano,
620
00:33:08,987 --> 00:33:11,947
is a sacred artifact
so remarkable
621
00:33:11,948 --> 00:33:15,534
that it has been encased
beneath a protective shell:
622
00:33:15,535 --> 00:33:19,371
the sword in the stone.
623
00:33:19,372 --> 00:33:22,499
So, many people are aware
of the Arthurian legend,
624
00:33:22,500 --> 00:33:23,792
you know, the sword
in the stone.
625
00:33:23,793 --> 00:33:26,253
But this is a story
that comes much earlier.
626
00:33:26,254 --> 00:33:29,340
You can go to this chapel
in Italy
627
00:33:29,341 --> 00:33:33,302
and see this sword that's stuck
in the middle of this stone.
628
00:33:33,303 --> 00:33:36,222
And you're thinking
how did that sword get there?
629
00:33:36,223 --> 00:33:38,349
For centuries,
visitors have struggled
630
00:33:38,350 --> 00:33:40,017
with the same question:
631
00:33:40,018 --> 00:33:41,769
how did a medieval sword,
632
00:33:41,770 --> 00:33:44,188
which were known to be brittle
and often break easily
633
00:33:44,189 --> 00:33:46,190
on the battlefield,
634
00:33:46,191 --> 00:33:48,067
come to be driven
nearly up to its hilt
635
00:33:48,068 --> 00:33:50,194
in solid rock?
636
00:33:50,195 --> 00:33:51,946
According to local legends,
637
00:33:51,947 --> 00:33:55,491
St. Galgano had
some divine help.
638
00:33:55,492 --> 00:34:00,246
Galgano was said to have been
a ruthless character.
639
00:34:00,247 --> 00:34:04,917
He started receiving visions
of the archangel Michael,
640
00:34:04,918 --> 00:34:08,545
and these visions told him
to change his ways,
641
00:34:08,546 --> 00:34:11,090
become a more pious character,
642
00:34:11,091 --> 00:34:16,387
and he ignored them until he was
passing this local landmark
643
00:34:16,388 --> 00:34:18,722
known as Montesiepi.
644
00:34:18,723 --> 00:34:21,433
In the story,
Galgano is on his horse,
645
00:34:21,434 --> 00:34:23,769
and the horse takes him
up to the top of this hill.
646
00:34:23,770 --> 00:34:25,938
And the horse refuses
to go any further.
647
00:34:25,939 --> 00:34:28,399
Michael appears to him
and tells him
648
00:34:28,400 --> 00:34:32,736
that he is to serve the church
and to renounce his wealth.
649
00:34:32,737 --> 00:34:35,072
Galgano basically says,
"It's just as easy for me
650
00:34:35,073 --> 00:34:37,074
"to renounce my wealth
as it is for my sword
651
00:34:37,075 --> 00:34:38,409
to go into this stone."
652
00:34:38,410 --> 00:34:40,911
At this point,
he got out his sword...
653
00:34:40,912 --> 00:34:44,415
and stuck it down into the rock.
654
00:34:44,416 --> 00:34:47,918
And it penetrated through
the rock, it was said,
655
00:34:47,919 --> 00:34:51,130
like a knife going
through butter.
656
00:34:51,131 --> 00:34:55,759
And thereafter it remained
stuck within the rock,
657
00:34:55,760 --> 00:34:57,928
like King Arthur's Excalibur.
658
00:34:57,929 --> 00:35:01,432
Legends of both King Arthur
and St. Galgano
659
00:35:01,433 --> 00:35:04,018
have long been considered myths
illustrating the power
660
00:35:04,019 --> 00:35:08,272
of the divine, rather than
actual historical accounts.
661
00:35:08,273 --> 00:35:12,318
But unlike Excalibur,
this sword in the stone
662
00:35:12,319 --> 00:35:14,028
is one that can be seen.
663
00:35:14,029 --> 00:35:16,614
In fact, it's been
scientifically proven
664
00:35:16,615 --> 00:35:20,159
to be an authentic
medieval blade.
665
00:35:20,160 --> 00:35:24,038
What's interesting is that,
in the 21st century,
666
00:35:24,039 --> 00:35:26,373
they did some testing
on the sword
667
00:35:26,374 --> 00:35:28,834
and realized that, no,
this is actually a sword
668
00:35:28,835 --> 00:35:30,419
from the 12th century,
669
00:35:30,420 --> 00:35:32,129
that the material is
actually 12th century.
670
00:35:32,130 --> 00:35:34,131
So whether the thing
actually happened or not,
671
00:35:34,132 --> 00:35:37,468
it's certainly
the‐the pieces are of the time.
672
00:35:37,469 --> 00:35:41,138
Even though it appears
the San Galgano sword
673
00:35:41,139 --> 00:35:43,182
is indeed authentic,
674
00:35:43,183 --> 00:35:45,809
there's one question
that remains unanswered.
675
00:35:45,810 --> 00:35:49,021
Because, despite our advanced
technology and understanding,
676
00:35:49,022 --> 00:35:52,399
we still don't know how
this simple metal blade
677
00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:56,612
was able to be driven
so perfectly into stone.
678
00:35:56,613 --> 00:35:58,864
It's pretty hard to believe
that this piece of metal
679
00:35:58,865 --> 00:36:00,824
could be driven into a stone.
680
00:36:00,825 --> 00:36:04,870
When I'm out mineral collecting,
I commonly take my rock spike,
681
00:36:04,871 --> 00:36:08,874
I'll take a hammer, and I will
drive that spike into stone.
682
00:36:08,875 --> 00:36:11,168
When I'm hammering, I'm pounding
and pounding and pounding,
683
00:36:11,169 --> 00:36:12,836
and the metal is deforming
684
00:36:12,837 --> 00:36:14,672
every time I strike it
with the hammer.
685
00:36:14,673 --> 00:36:17,675
Now, to get a sword
into the stone,
686
00:36:17,676 --> 00:36:21,970
but on one motion
without any other deformation
687
00:36:21,971 --> 00:36:24,181
of the sword taking place,
without any deformation
688
00:36:24,182 --> 00:36:26,850
of the rock taking place...
689
00:36:26,851 --> 00:36:29,395
that would be
absolutely miraculous.
690
00:36:29,396 --> 00:36:32,731
To become a saint,
you have to have
691
00:36:32,732 --> 00:36:34,024
miracles that are tested.
692
00:36:34,025 --> 00:36:35,150
In Galgano's case,
693
00:36:35,151 --> 00:36:37,194
this is the, the miracle.
694
00:36:37,195 --> 00:36:41,907
The rock opens,
it accepts this sword.
695
00:36:41,908 --> 00:36:45,411
And so you have the sword
in this stone.
696
00:36:45,412 --> 00:36:47,955
Galgano, just a few years
after his death,
697
00:36:47,956 --> 00:36:50,040
is made a saint.
698
00:36:50,041 --> 00:36:54,294
I think, for religious people,
miracles precisely are that.
699
00:36:54,295 --> 00:36:58,257
They're miraculous.
There is no explanation for this
700
00:36:58,258 --> 00:37:00,092
that's scientific,
that's rational.
701
00:37:00,093 --> 00:37:05,055
You can say that if you take
this sword and hit this rock
702
00:37:05,056 --> 00:37:07,057
a million times,
on one of those tries
703
00:37:07,058 --> 00:37:08,392
you might go through.
704
00:37:08,393 --> 00:37:09,935
From the point of view
of the religious,
705
00:37:09,936 --> 00:37:11,228
that's not the argument.
706
00:37:11,229 --> 00:37:12,855
The argument is that
this is miraculous.
707
00:37:12,856 --> 00:37:15,065
This is completely outside
our understanding
708
00:37:15,066 --> 00:37:18,068
of how the world normally is.
709
00:37:18,069 --> 00:37:20,571
This is an item of faith.
710
00:37:20,572 --> 00:37:22,948
And items of faith
are something
711
00:37:22,949 --> 00:37:25,284
that affects us deeply,
712
00:37:25,285 --> 00:37:28,996
affects us within
our human consciousness.
713
00:37:28,997 --> 00:37:31,999
It's something that we either
believe in or we don't.
714
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:34,585
And if we do believe it,
it gives it power,
715
00:37:34,586 --> 00:37:38,756
it gives it energy, and that's
what's important here.
716
00:37:38,757 --> 00:37:42,092
And around this strange monument
717
00:37:42,093 --> 00:37:45,763
was built a round church
and a chapel.
718
00:37:45,764 --> 00:37:50,184
And even today, this is the site
of pilgrimages.
719
00:37:50,185 --> 00:37:54,104
People come from all over Italy,
you know, to pay their respects
720
00:37:54,105 --> 00:37:57,942
to this saint, and obviously
to God as well.
721
00:38:00,779 --> 00:38:02,988
Whether or not the Sword
of San Galgano
722
00:38:02,989 --> 00:38:05,991
found its way into the stone
through divine intervention
723
00:38:05,992 --> 00:38:08,452
or something more mundane,
724
00:38:08,453 --> 00:38:12,206
to millions of faithful
it remains an enduring symbol
725
00:38:12,207 --> 00:38:14,458
of the power of miracles.
726
00:38:14,459 --> 00:38:16,710
But it's one thing to see
a symbol of miracles...
727
00:38:18,505 --> 00:38:20,380
...it's quite another
when you're actually able
728
00:38:20,381 --> 00:38:23,218
to witness one firsthand.
729
00:38:32,894 --> 00:38:36,814
Crowds gather as workers
prepare to transport
730
00:38:36,815 --> 00:38:40,609
one of the largest monolithic
statues in the world.
731
00:38:40,610 --> 00:38:44,696
23 feet tall
and weighing 160 tons,
732
00:38:44,697 --> 00:38:47,866
the massive idol dates back
over a thousand years.
733
00:38:47,867 --> 00:38:49,910
And although workers are
extremely careful
734
00:38:49,911 --> 00:38:54,373
with their preparations
as they load it onto the trucks
735
00:38:54,374 --> 00:38:57,501
that will carry it, there's
palpable tension in the air.
736
00:38:57,502 --> 00:39:01,088
Because this is
no ordinary statue
737
00:39:01,089 --> 00:39:06,260
but one of the mighty
Aztec god Tlaloc.
738
00:39:06,261 --> 00:39:10,889
The Aztec religious system had
a vast number of gods.
739
00:39:10,890 --> 00:39:13,475
There were water gods
and goddesses.
740
00:39:13,476 --> 00:39:16,937
There were sky gods
and goddesses.
741
00:39:16,938 --> 00:39:20,774
Fire divinities
and earth divinities.
742
00:39:20,775 --> 00:39:25,404
One particularly important
sacred god was Tlaloc,
743
00:39:25,405 --> 00:39:28,699
a fertility divinity
associated with weather...
744
00:39:30,243 --> 00:39:32,327
...and thunder and lightning.
745
00:39:32,328 --> 00:39:35,289
So it is feared,
but it is also greatly revered
746
00:39:35,290 --> 00:39:36,999
because life comes from this.
747
00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:41,962
The life‐giving waters
of the rain come from Tlaloc.
748
00:39:41,963 --> 00:39:46,383
More than 25,000 people
eagerly wait into the night
749
00:39:46,384 --> 00:39:49,261
to welcome Tlaloc to his
new home in Mexico City
750
00:39:49,262 --> 00:39:51,096
after his long journey.
751
00:39:51,097 --> 00:39:55,642
But as the trucks carrying the
hulking statue finally arrive,
752
00:39:55,643 --> 00:39:59,271
the crowd isn't expecting what
would arrive along with him.
753
00:39:59,272 --> 00:40:01,607
As this statue was erected...
754
00:40:05,445 --> 00:40:08,363
...suddenly the heavens
opened up,
755
00:40:08,364 --> 00:40:12,701
and for several days
there was intense rain
756
00:40:12,702 --> 00:40:14,077
and thunderstorms.
757
00:40:16,623 --> 00:40:19,750
Now, this was done
in the summer months when,
758
00:40:19,751 --> 00:40:23,754
in theory, there should be
very little rain at all.
759
00:40:23,755 --> 00:40:28,300
This was so uncharacteristic
for this time of year.
760
00:40:28,301 --> 00:40:31,386
Rain during the dry season?
761
00:40:31,387 --> 00:40:34,181
Most people would see
such an occurrence
762
00:40:34,182 --> 00:40:36,434
as nothing more
than a coincidence.
763
00:40:38,311 --> 00:40:42,189
But some believe the rain was
actually a good omen
764
00:40:42,190 --> 00:40:48,111
sent by Tlaloc in response
to the warm welcome he received
765
00:40:48,112 --> 00:40:50,031
from the Mexican people.
766
00:40:52,575 --> 00:40:55,118
Certainly a lot of people
believe that these events
767
00:40:55,119 --> 00:40:56,453
for example, the downpour
768
00:40:56,454 --> 00:40:58,288
following the arrival
of Tlaloc
769
00:40:58,289 --> 00:41:00,040
are connected.
770
00:41:00,041 --> 00:41:02,459
And perhaps they're connected
because of the divine force.
771
00:41:02,460 --> 00:41:05,796
Or perhaps it's actually
the believers' belief
772
00:41:05,797 --> 00:41:09,257
and their faith that is helping
to shape these events.
773
00:41:11,719 --> 00:41:14,222
So, certainly faith is powerful.
774
00:41:19,686 --> 00:41:22,229
The fact is that
it doesn't really matter,
775
00:41:22,230 --> 00:41:24,022
because it's about belief.
776
00:41:24,023 --> 00:41:27,067
If people believe
strongly enough in an object,
777
00:41:27,068 --> 00:41:30,113
that can create a reality.
778
00:41:33,574 --> 00:41:39,454
An ancient god of rain that
triggers a massive thunderstorm?
779
00:41:39,455 --> 00:41:41,456
Just a coincidence, right?
780
00:41:41,457 --> 00:41:44,751
Or was there something
more mysterious at work?
781
00:41:44,752 --> 00:41:46,712
Well, how about
the Koh‐i‐Noor diamond?
782
00:41:46,713 --> 00:41:49,047
Would you wear it? Huh?
783
00:41:49,048 --> 00:41:52,968
Or are you among those who
believe that stones really can
784
00:41:52,969 --> 00:41:55,178
possess special powers?
785
00:41:55,179 --> 00:41:58,765
Powers that for now
keep them very much among
786
00:41:58,766 --> 00:42:01,018
the unexplained.
787
00:42:01,019 --> 00:42:03,021
Subtitled by Diego Moraes
www.oakisland.tk
63825
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