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Welcome to this class on the future perfect
continuous tense. This is one of the most
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advanced tenses in the English language. So,
first of all, congratulations on reaching
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this level where you're watching this lesson.
It's quite amazing. Feel good. Now, this class
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is part of a series on English tenses that's
created for you by www.engvid.com . But what
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is the future perfect continuous tense, anyway?
First of all, it's also called the future
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perfect progressive tense. But what is it?
When do we use it? How do we use it? Why do
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we need to say, "By that time, I will have
been working"? Would you like to find out?
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Let's get started.
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So, first of all, we know from the name itself
that this tense has something to do with the
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future and it has something to do with something
continuing, right? Future and continuing.
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Let's understand what we mean by that. So,
we use this tense to say that something, an
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action, will have been going on for a certain
period of time. We want to say how long something
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will have been going on at a particular time
in the future, or before a particular event
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in the future. Got that? I'll say it again:
we want to understand how long something will
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have been going on before a particular time
or event in the future. Alright? Let's look
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at an example so you can understand more clearly.
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So, this is our timeline. This is now, okay,
the present. That side is the future, and
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this side is the past. So, let's say that
I'm imagining what it - I'm here now, right?
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It's July. Let's say it's July, and I'm imagining
what my life will be like next year in July.
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So, I could use this tense to say something
like this. By next July - let's suppose you
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started working here, okay, in July - so,
we could say: By next July, I will have been
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working here for one year. Alright? You started
your job this July, and we're talking about
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what it will be like next July, and you could
say, "By next July, I will have been working
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here for one year." Okay? That's if you started
the job now. But let's suppose you started
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the job ten years ago in July, alright? You
could still say, "By next July, I will have
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been working here for" - how many years? Ten
plus one - "for eleven years." "By next July,
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I will have been working here for eleven years."
So, we're kind of thinking about the future
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and saying what will have been continuing
at that point in the future. Okay? You will
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understand more as we look at more examples
and we work through it, okay?
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Now, what's the difference though, between
saying a sentence in the future perfect continuous
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tense, which is what we're learning here,
and the future perfect tense, which you might
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have learned just before this? Well, let's
look. This one, of course, says "By next July,
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I will have been working here" - will have
been working, that's future perfect continuous.
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"I will have been working here for one year."
But, in future perfect, we would have said,
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"By next July, I will have worked here for
one year." So, what's the difference? Is there
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a difference? They are similar but there is
a difference, okay? When I say, "By next July,
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I will have worked here for one year", it's
just kind of a fact. It's just the way it
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is. But, when I say, "By next July, I will
have been working here for one year", the
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stress, the emphasis is on how long that is.
How the duration of it, and that it kind of
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continues. The stress is on the continuation
on it and not just that it will have happened,
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okay? So, that's a little bit of the difference
but again, we'll understand more as we go
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along.
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Basically, how do we construct this tense?
Pretty simple. We just take the subject: I,
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you, we, they, he, she, or it, then we have
to add these three helping verbs: will have
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been, and then we take the verb "work" + ing.
Now, you wouldn't just say "I will have been
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working", it's part of a full sentence, okay?
By next July, by Midnight. Let's suppose you
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started working at 6:00 in the morning, and
now it's 6:00 in the evening. How many hours
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have you worked? Twelve. But let's suppose
that you are supposed to work until Midnight.
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So, you could say at 6:00 in the evening,
"By midnight, I will have been working for
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eighteen hours." Wow. I'm going to exhausted.
So, in that case, you can understand why the
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person is using that, because they want to
show that it really lasts for a long time,
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and it continues for a long time. Okay? That's
the basics of this tense.
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Now, let's look at when we can and cannot
use this tense. So, we can use the future
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perfect continuous to talk about how long
something will have been going on at a specific
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time in the future. That's one way. What do
I mean? Let's look at an example: Next November
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- right, that's a specific time in the future
- next November, we will have been living
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in this house for 15 years. So, let's suppose
somebody asks you, "How long have you been
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living here?" And you say, "You know what?
By next November, we will have been living
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here for 15 years, and we still love it here.
We love this house, we love this area, we
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love this neighborhood. We're very happy."
Okay? So, where's the future perfect continuous?
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Here: will have been living. Alright? But
at a specific time in the future. It will
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be that way, okay?
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Now, we can also use it before another action
in the future. For example: By the time the
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guests arrive - this is the action here - By
the time the guests arrive - this is an action
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in the future - I will have been cooking all
day. So, I will be exhausted. What does it
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mean to be exhausted? Very tired, alright?
So, this is a specific action in the future.
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By that time, when the guests arrive, what?
I - and here, we have our future perfect - will
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have been cooking, right? I will have been
cooking and cooking and cooking and cooking.
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The continuity is emphasized by using this
tense. How long something happens is emphasized,
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okay, by using this tense. Alright?
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Next, we also use this tense with certain
common expressions, alright? For example,
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because why do we need these expressions?
Because we have to put it in some kind of
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context, right? So, we probably say something
like this: by this Saturday, by next month,
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by next week, right? Or, without the word
"by", you could just say: this week, or next
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summer, next winter, okay? It's a time in
the future. Or, you could say a year, by 2025.
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And very often, you will see the word "for",
right? So, you saw it here: for 15 years,
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because you're trying to say how long something
will have been going on, okay? So, for + the
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period of time. For five years, for five months,
for five winters, okay? Anything. You can
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say anything with "for", as long as it's a
period of time. Alright?
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And when can we not use this tense? Like all
continuous tenses in English, including this
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one, we cannot use it with many stative verbs,
okay? We cannot use it with many stative verbs.
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So, what are stative verbs? Remember, there
are two basic kinds of verbs in English. The
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dynamic or action verbs, and the stative verbs.
And action verbs are like run, work, play,
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okay? And stative verbs describe some kind
of state or condition. It could be mental,
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it could be emotional, or it could be something
else, okay? If you check any grammar book,
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you will see a long list of stative verbs.
For example, some mental stative verbs, which
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we cannot use with this tense: know, believe,
realize. Some emotional kind of verbs: love,
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hate, prefer. Or, some verbs that talk about
some kind of ownership, okay? Something you
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possess or possession: own, belong. Alright?
And there are many more, and some are - some
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are sometimes allowed and sometimes not allowed.
So, you have to pay attention to that, but
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in general, a good rule to remember is that
many stative verbs cannot be used with this
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continuous tense or with any continuous tense.
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Now, let's look at how we form the future
perfect continuous tense. Let's start with
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the positive sentence first, then we'll look
at the negative sentence and the question.
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So, for a positive sentence, your basic structure
is like this: you take the subject + will
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have been + a verb + -ing. Let's look at an
example. So, these are the subjects, and the
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subject can be any other word as well. I,
you, we, they, he, she, it, okay? So, what
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would we say? I will have been flying. So,
let's take an example. Let's say I'm flying
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to Tokyo, and I'm thinking ahead and say,
"By the time I arrive in Tokyo, I will have
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been flying for 12 hours." Okay? Or, you will
have been flying. Say it after me, just so
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that you get used to this: We will have been
flying. They will have been flying. He will
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have been flying. She will have been flying.
And, it will have been flying? Maybe the drone?
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I don't know, okay? Something. Alright.
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Now, for a negative sentence, it's very easy.
We're just adding the word "not", okay? I
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will not have been flying for 12 hours, actually.
You know what? I will have been flying for
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14 hours. Okay? So, for the negative, you're
just adding "will not have been flying". That's
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easy. And again, it's the same. Doesn't matter
what the subject is, okay? The pilot will
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have been flying. Could be anything.
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Next, to form a question. Basically, we're
going to start with the "will", then the subject,
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then the rest of it. For example: Will I have
been flying for - Will I really have been
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flying for 12 hours? I'm asking myself. Or,
will you have been flying? Will we have been
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flying? Will they have been flying? And again,
you know, it's part of an entire context,
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right? Will he have been flying? Will she
have been flying for that long? Okay? And
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so on. And very often, the most common question
word that we might see before this "will"
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is this one: how long will, okay - because
now it's not capitalized - how long will you
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have been flying by the time you reach Tokyo?
14 hours? Wow. Okay?
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So, this is basically how we form this tense.
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Now, let's look at how we use contractions
with this tense, and also how we pronounce
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them. So, we use contractions usually in informal
conversation and in informal writing, like
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in an email, an informal email. But, if it's
formal business writing or if it's academic
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writing, then we do not use contractions.
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So, let's look at some examples. Let's take
a positive sentence first. Let's say, "By
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next year, I will have been playing the piano
for ten years." Okay? So, we can shorten a
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part of this. Instead of saying "I will",
we can say "I'll". "I'll have been playing."
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You say it. You'll have been playing. We'll
have been playing. They'll have been playing.
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He'll have been playing. She'll have been
playing. And the last one, It'll have been
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playing. Now, you may or may not feel comfortable
saying the last one. You can always say it
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separately, no problem, okay?
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Next, what if it's negative? Next year, I
will not have been playing the piano for ten
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years. I will actually have been playing the
piano for 15 years, okay? So, now, how do
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we shorten or contract "I will not"? It's
a little unusual. We just say "I won't". Say
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it after me: I won't. I won't have been playing.
You won't have been playing. We won't have
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been playing. They won't have been playing.
He won't have been playing. She won't have
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been playing. And, It won't have been playing.
Okay? The reason we're repeating that phrase
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again and again is for many reasons. One is
to practice your pronunciation. Second is
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to practice the grammar and just keep looking
at it and saying it. And that will help you
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to remember how this tense works.
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Now, let's look at some of the spelling changes
we have to make to the base form of the verb
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when we add -ing. So, for most verbs, all
you have to do is add -ing. For example, speak
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becomes speaking. All we did was add -ing.
Listen - listening. Okay? That's what you
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do for the majority of verbs. But there are
always some exceptions. Here are a few.
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For verbs ending in e, then we have to drop
the e and, of course, in all cases, we're
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adding -ing. So, let's take this word, "operate".
So, it ends with an e. So, what do we do?
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We cancel or drop that e and we add -ing.
So, operate becomes operating. Arrange becomes
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arranging. Okay? That's one change.
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Here's another situation. For verbs ending
in ie, there we have to drop the - sorry,
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drop the ie, add y, and then, of course, add
-ing. Let's look at an example: tie - so we're
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going to cancel this ie, add a y, and then
-ing. So, tie becomes tying. Lie becomes lying.
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Okay? Good.
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And here's another situation. Very often,
but not always, for verbs ending in c-v-c,
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we have to double the last letter. What is
c-v-c? If you've been watching our videos
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and the different tenses, you will know by
now that this is consonant - vowel - consonant.
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A vowel in English is A, E, I, O, or U, and
the consonants are all the other letters.
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So, if you look at a verb, right? Let's take
this verb, and to make it easier, look at
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it from the end, okay? So, the last letter
is a consonant, the p. The next letter is
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an o, so it's a vowel. The next letter is
a h, so it's a consonant. So, we have this
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pattern, right? C-v-c, so then what we do
is we usually double the last letter. For
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example, "to stop" becomes "shopping". Run
becomes running. Now, this doesn't apply in
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all verbs that end like this, but it does
apply to lots of them. So, remember some of
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these spelling changes when you're using this
tense.
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Now, let's practice this tense together. So,
I've written some positive sentences, some
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negative ones, and one question. Let's try
them together.
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Number one: By the time we reach Niagara Falls,
we _________________ (drive) for eight hours.
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So, how can you change that into the future
prefect continuous tense? By the time we reach
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Niagara Falls, we will have been driving for
eight hours. We will have been driving for
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eight hours. Okay? Good.
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Number two: When he retires next year, he
___________________ (teach) for 25 years.
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Another positive sentence, affirmative sentence.
What will it be? When he retires next year,
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he will have been teaching, right? Okay. Here,
we just added -ing. Here, with the verb "drive",
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what did we do? We cancelled the e and added
the -ing, okay? So, pay attention to those
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spelling changes as well.
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Number three: Next month, you ______________
(write) this book for two years. Then we have
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a negative sentence: You ______________ (not
research) any other subject. So, let's take
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it step by step. Next month, you ______________
(write) this book for two years. What would
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we say? You will have been writing, okay?
Again, we're cancelling the e and adding -ing,
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okay? You can say, "You will have been writing",
or you could say, "You'll", right? Instead
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of "you will", you could have contracted it
and said, "You'll have been writing", okay.
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That would work, too. You'll have been writing
this book for two years. Now, we want the
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negative. You _____________ (not research)
any other subject. So, let's use the contraction
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for the negative here. What would it be? You
won't have been researching any other subject.
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So, let's read the sentence again: Next month,
you will have been writing this book for two
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years. You won't have been researching any
other subject. Okay? Very good.
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Let's do number four: Next week, she _________________
(not eat) meat for one year. How do we change
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that? Make it negative, remember? She will
not have been eating, okay, meat for one year.
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Good for you, if you got all that. Next week,
she will not have been eating meat for one
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year. Okay, great.
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Number five: By 1:00pm - first, we're just
going to read a sentence, okay? Then we're
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going to try to make a question from it. By
1:00pm, the athletes will have been running
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for four hours. "Will have been running" is
the tense that we're taking about, our future
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prefect continuous, okay? How do we make that
into a question? How long - let's start with
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how long - will they, meaning the athletes,
have been running? Okay? So, let's read it
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again: By 1:00, the athletes will have been
running for four hours. So, if you want to
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ask a question: How long will they have been
running? Okay? Good for you. You did a great
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job. This a challenging tense and you got
it.
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Now, let's look at some common mistakes that
are made with this tense, and let's correct
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them together.
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So, the first one is that, as I mentioned,
we cannot use stative verbs with the continuous
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tenses or with this tense. But sometimes,
people forget that and they might say something
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like this: By next year, we will have been
knowing their family for 30 years. So, why
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is that a mistake? Because "know" is a stative
verb, which you should not and cannot use
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in that continuous form. So, this sentence
would have to be what? By next year, we will
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have known their family for 30 years. We will
have known, okay? And not, "We will have been
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knowing". So here, we needed the future perfect
by itself. Okay.
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Sometimes, there's a mistake because we have
to use this tense in a context, right? We
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have to use the context at some time in the
future, or before some action in the future.
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But sometimes, people forget to mention that
and then the tense doesn't make sense by itself.
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The only time it makes sense by itself is
if someone is asked a question and then all
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you are doing is answering, okay? So, if you
are answering and you said, "I will have been
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studying here for three years", because somebody
asked you, "How long will have been studying
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here by the time you graduate?" Then it would
be okay to say, "I will have been studying
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here for three years." But, if somebody has
not asked you a question and you're not giving
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an answer and by itself, you just say with
no time given, "I will have been studying
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here for three years", it doesn't mean anything.
It sort of doesn't make sense. So, you want
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to give it some context. So, maybe you will
say: by next summer, by November, by the end
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of this year, I will have been studying here
for three years. Then it would be okay. So,
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let's add something here and we'll say "by
November", okay? By November, I will have
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been studying here for three years. So, we
need that context of time.
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We also could have context in terms of an
action that will happen in the past - in the
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future, right? So, let's look at this sentence:
We will have been traveling for 12 hours.
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Again, no context unless someone asked you
a question. Which, in this case, they didn't.
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So, let's give it some context of another
action. So, we could say: By the time we reach
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Miami, or Dallas, or New York, or anywhere,
we - again - we will have been traveling for
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12 hours. Okay? Now, it has the reference
point of another action. And now, it's fine.
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It's absolutely fine. And just in case you're
wondering, the word "traveling" can be spelled
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in two ways. This is the more North American
or American spelling. And the British spelling
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usually has a double l, okay?
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So, let's go to the next one, which is, in
fact, spelling. Spelling mistakes are common,
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so be careful. Let's look here and see if
you can find the spelling mistakes. This year,
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they will have been guideing tours for ten
years. Can you find one spelling mistake there?
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This year, they will have been guiding. So,
the mistake is here. Why? Because this verb
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is "guide", right, by itself? But when we
add -ing, what do we need to do? Cancel that
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e. So, it would be "guiding tours for ten
years".
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Let's look at another sentence: Next month,
he wont have been smokeing for 20 years. This
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sentence has two mistakes. Can you find them?
Two spelling mistakes. Next month, he wont
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00:29:44,990 --> 00:29:54,169
have been smokeing for 20 years. So, one mistake
is here. This apostrophe is missing. Now,
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00:29:54,169 --> 00:30:04,380
it's correct. And, "have been smokeing". Again,
"smoke" is a verb which ends with e, so we
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00:30:04,380 --> 00:30:07,789
need to cancel that e to write "smoking".
Okay?
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So, these are some of the common mistakes.
Be careful of them, of the stative verbs,
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00:30:13,580 --> 00:30:20,390
the spelling, and make sure you give your
sentences some kind of context of time and/or
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of another action.
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So, to review, let's look at three last examples
of this future perfect continuous tense. The
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first one is a positive example: When Sue
finishes university, she will have been living
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abroad for six years. Right? Here's our tense:
will have been living. Okay? Very nice.
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Let's look at a negative example: By next
week. Sam won't have been working for a year.
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Where's the tense? Sam won't have been working,
alright?
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00:31:04,340 --> 00:31:14,090
And the last one: When he retires, how long
will Jack have been managing this department?
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Where's the tense? Here: will have been managing.
Alright?
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So, this is basically what you need to understand
for this tense, right? When to use it, how
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00:31:27,801 --> 00:31:33,269
to use it, using the positive sentence, the
negative sentence, the question. And this
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00:31:33,269 --> 00:31:39,840
is an advanced tense. So, it will be very
helpful. It's great that you've learned it,
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00:31:39,840 --> 00:31:44,570
and as you read and as you listen to the news,
you'll start to now hear this tense being
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00:31:44,570 --> 00:31:51,250
used, okay? And you'll feel really good, because
you understand exactly what they're trying
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00:31:51,250 --> 00:31:57,049
to say, alright? So, give yourself a lot of
credit for having come this far, for reaching
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00:31:57,049 --> 00:32:03,500
this high level in terms of your English tenses
and in terms of your English, alright?
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Now, after this, you can, whenever you're
ready, you can go on to watch the next class
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00:32:09,789 --> 00:32:16,700
in our series. And last of all, if you'd like
to do a little more practice on this particular
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tense, then just go to www.engvid.com and
you can do a quiz on this. Alright? Congratulations
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00:32:22,700 --> 00:32:25,839
again, and all the very best with your English.30305
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