All language subtitles for The.Commodore.Story.2018.1080p.WEBRip.x264-[YTS.AM]

My name is Steven Fletcher and I’m a documentary
film maker but most of my working life I’ve

been a computer programmer
For me the love affair of the computer started

at the age of 14 when I got my first computer
the VIC-20 closely followed by the Commodore

64 and then of course the Amiga
Now 35 years later I want to take you on a

journey back to the birth of the home computer
by following the Commodore story discovering

the origins and what lead up to the Commodore
64 being the best ever selling computer in history

It’s remarkable that in my lifetime technology
has advanced so much from computers once the

size of a room to mobile phones that fit in
your pocket

You don’t have to go back too many years
and computers just didn’t exist but now

we find computers filling every aspect of
our lives

We will be travelling around Europe and across
America interviewing many legends from Commodore

and Amiga

A half a million dollars
March 7th 1984

You invented something that changed my life

And there’s a bunch of Z8000 programmers
you know looking like I just shot a sheep or something

On the other side rather than panicking because
your ball grid array or something was inverted

and there’s nothing you can do about it

A meeting with Jack Tramiel was often called
a Jack attack

Do you ever get a jump where it’s ten times
better these days – no

Welcome to R J Mical’s house of construction

[music]

We will also be attending Commodore and Amiga
events plus retro shows to see how alive the

Commodore and Amiga scene is in today’s
modern world

[plane noise]

Just arriving in San Francisco
We’re going to be doing the Commodore Story documentary

and the first thing we see is from a museum and it’s all about the typewriter

and potentially the first chapter;
the first part of the documentary we are going

to call ‘The Typewriter Man’ because it’s
all about Jack Tramiel and where he came from

And here we are

(music)

My name’s Leonard Tramiel and I was involved in the personal computer industry for quite sometime

I was on the team that developed the Commodore PET

and then actually went off to graduate
school and didn’t have any direct involvement

in the VIC-20 or Commodore 64
Had some indirect work with some of the engineers

and marketing folk and of course with my dad

The way Commodore got into the computer business
was completely by accident

So let’s let’s take a couple of historical
steps back

My father when he left the US army had a some had some experience repairing typewriters; he was trained
So let’s let’s take a couple of historical
steps back

My father when he left the US army had a some had some experience repairing typewriters; he was trained

to do that in the army and one of his first
jobs after leaving was he got the contract

to continue doing the typewriter repair for
the army base

And his business went from repairing typewriters
to importing and selling typewriters and then

from typewriters into other office equipment
like adding machines and then from adding
And his business went from repairing typewriters
to importing and selling typewriters and then

from typewriters into other office equipment
like adding machines and then from adding

machines to electronic calculators

This is where Commodore started; Jack Tramiel made these things and made his money with it

Interesting story about this piece of equipment,
everybody knows that jack Tramiel didn’t

have really a lot of interest in the computer
business; he wanted to sell calculators like

this one
And a lot of people will recognise this specific

chiclet keyboard
And it was Chuck Peddle who engineered the

first computer for Commodore but because real
keyboards were really expensive at the time
chiclet keyboard
And it was Chuck Peddle who engineered the

first computer for Commodore but because real
keyboards were really expensive at the time

Jack Tramiel designed it as this keyboard
should be used

Virtually every calculator was designed around
a calculator chip produced by Texas Instruments

and our friends at TI decided that they wanted
to get into the calculator business so they

produced calculators and sold them for roughly
the cost that they were selling the calculator
and our friends at TI decided that they wanted
to get into the calculator business so they

produced calculators and sold them for roughly
the cost that they were selling the calculator

chip for, which drove everybody out of business
My father said; so he told this story a couple

of times; he said that in his in his mind
his reaction was ‘well they can die but

I’m not going to die that easily’
Being a holocaust survivor survival was an
of times; he said that in his in his mind
his reaction was ‘well they can die but

I’m not going to die that easily’
Being a holocaust survivor survival was an

important thing for him

So he found a calculator chip company or a
company that made calculator chips and it

turned out they were not doing all that well
financially and bought them
So he found a calculator chip company or a
company that made calculator chips and it

turned out they were not doing all that well
financially and bought them

And one of the projects that this company
was involved in was a little thing that he

knew nothing about called the microprocessor
the MOS technology 6502, which was probably

the most used microprocessor of all time
All the Commodore machines in that series,

the PET, the VIC-20 and Commodore 64, all
of those, all of the Apple 8-bit machines,

all of the Atari 8-bit machines, including
the Atari video entertainment system and the

Nintendo machine all use that same chip, which
is really quite amazing
all of the Atari 8-bit machines, including
the Atari video entertainment system and the

Nintendo machine all use that same chip, which
is really quite amazing

How do you make it work?
You’ve got to have some programming going

along with it; needs to have some memory;
needs to have some I/O so Chuck designed the

KIM which Keyboard Interface Module if I remember
correctly
along with it; needs to have some memory;
needs to have some I/O so Chuck designed the

KIM which Keyboard Interface Module if I remember
correctly

And it had a 16-button keyboard that allowed
you to enter commands, program the thing in

in Assembly language, or actually in binary
in hexadecimal code

Lots of fun because that’s the way all programming
should be done

And that was the first personal computer I
ever used, I had a KIM in my bedroom

MOS Technology was in in Norristown and I’d
actually visited MOS Technology when I was

in high school and met Chuck Peddle and bought
a KIM 1 directly from the factory so Commodore,

since they owned MOS technology, I figured
that was a you know be a perfect fit for me

So when Neil gave me a call I applied and
got a job with the VIC-20 team, headed by

Michael Tomczyk
So when Neil gave me a call I applied and
got a job with the VIC-20 team, headed by

Michael Tomczyk

Chuck had designed the chip as a first step
in a process where he wanted to make; and

this is going to sound pretty funny, he wanted
to make household robots a thing
Chuck had designed the chip as a first step
in a process where he wanted to make; and

this is going to sound pretty funny, he wanted
to make household robots a thing

So the first thing he needed was a really
inexpensive microprocessor and he met with

my dad and said “I’m going to make this
computer, if you want Commodore to make this

computer I’ll work for you and Commodore
will make this computer”

Dad said, “Ok, let me think about it”
and he came home and spoke to me and said,

“I have no idea what he’s talking about”
“Come meet this guy, talk to him about it

and tell me what you think”
So this you know punk kid at twenty goes to

meet the designer of what is probably one
of most influential pieces of technology ever;

Chuck Peddle the designer of the 6502
And Chuck and I sit down in a booth at an

embedded computer system fair and they had
as an example of a marvellous thing that you

can build with this; a pinball machine
And Chuck and I sit down to talk about computers

and we spent most of the time talking about
science fiction

A science fiction story by Robert Heinlein
called ‘The Door Into Summer’; which is

all about a world full of personal computers
and Chuck wanted to live in that world

So if no one else was going to make that world
he was going to build it and the first step

was the PET
So after the meeting talked to dad and I said,
So if no one else was going to make that world
he was going to build it and the first step

was the PET
So after the meeting talked to dad and I said,

“this guy knows what he’s talking about”
and Commodore went into the computer business

I joined Commodore in 1981 in the United Kingdom
despite this American accent

My first computer was the Commodore VIC-20
I was six years old when I got that

I managed to augment my meagre savings and
we went out and bought a second hand Commodore

64 for my birthday

I got my first computer, home computer, which
was the Commodore 64

My first computer started with the Commodore
64

I remember Christmas morning 1988; I think
it was

I unwrapped a Commodore Plus/4

For me my brand spanking new Commodore 64
computer, eager to go downstairs and play

on it in the lounge, unfortunately being Christmas
Day there was a James Bond film on in the

afternoon and because we were a one TV family
I had to wait until that had that had finished

We are here in Atlanta, Georgia and my first
computer was the Commodore 64

I’ve wrote a lot of music on the C64 back
in the 80’s

I had a real synthesizer sound chip, the SID
chip

I was like beside myself
I had to have one
I had a real synthesizer sound chip, the SID
chip

I was like beside myself
I had to have one

I’m from that little window of people that
worked for Jack Tramiel and then worked there

after Jack Tramiel left so I call this a Commodore
Greek tragedy in three acts and I’m from

act two, right in the middle of it

Jack’s past was known in the company but
not in great detail at least not generally

People knew he’d been through a tough time
in Germany

Got his start in Toronto and so on but it
wasn’t a topic of general conversation

His experiences in the Second World War were
rather horrific

So he he often told the story of, I guess
it was September 1st 1939 when the Germans

invaded Poland
He remembers seeing these squadrons of airplanes
So he he often told the story of, I guess
it was September 1st 1939 when the Germans

invaded Poland
He remembers seeing these squadrons of airplanes

flying over, he thought that was really cool
and he you know went outside and saluted it

He didn’t think all that highly of them
after they after they came into town

Lodz was very close to the border in fact
so close that they wound up annexing that

part of Poland into Germany
All the Jews were rounded up and sent to live

in one particular section of the city called
the Ghetto conveniently not too far from the

Jewish cemetery and they were basically slave
labour
in one particular section of the city called
the Ghetto conveniently not too far from the

Jewish cemetery and they were basically slave
labour

I don’t actually remember what dad did during
the ghetto years but it would have been you

know odd jobs and manual labour of some sort
because he was pretty young

And then the the Lodz ghetto was one of the
last if not the last ghetto in Poland to be
know odd jobs and manual labour of some sort
because he was pretty young

And then the the Lodz ghetto was one of the
last if not the last ghetto in Poland to be

liquidated and sent have all its; we’ll
call them inhabitants sent to Birkenau, a

huge camp part of the Auschwitz complex where
people were sorted out into those who could

work and those that couldn’t and those that
couldn’t were rapidly dispatched

He wound up going with his dad to a work camp
named Ahlem just outside of Hannover

And it’s funny he he said that he remembers
trying to never talk about this as we were
He wound up going with his dad to a work camp
named Ahlem just outside of Hannover

And it’s funny he he said that he remembers
trying to never talk about this as we were

growing up so as far as he was concerned he
never mentioned it

As far as us kids were concerned they talked
about it all the damn time because; and there’s
growing up so as far as he was concerned he
never mentioned it

As far as us kids were concerned they talked
about it all the damn time because; and there’s

nothing inconsistent about that because there’s
there’s not a lot of story of that level

that a kid can tolerate and compared to what
was bubbling in his mind I’m sure he said

nothing
Very emotional, really hard to get through

but at the end of the war he was deathly ill,
too weak to move

So as the Americans were advancing into Germany,
the Germans said “OK they’re coming in,

they’re going to kill everyone so if you
want to live come with us”

And everyone that could move got up and left,
went with the Germans

and when they were out of town they were all shot

And the so dad told the story that he remembers;
and it’s almost certainly not true but he
and when they were out of town they were all shot

And the so dad told the story that he remembers;
and it’s almost certainly not true but he

remembers this black American soldier, who
he thought was about seven and a half feet tall

came in and you know just you know busted
busted down the door, looked around to see

what was going on and quickly got everything
going
came in and you know just you know busted
busted down the door, looked around to see

what was going on and quickly got everything
going

People in the in that squadron said there
were no blacks

Memory is a funny thing
And very quickly you know medical attention
People in the in that squadron said there
were no blacks

Memory is a funny thing
And very quickly you know medical attention

was given, the people were taken care of
They wound up, there were a large number of

what were called DPs, or displaced persons
camps where people were rejuvenated and and

allowed to heal and come back to some semblance
of their humanity

And my father decided; my parents were married
by this point decided he wanted to come to

the US
So the guy asked him “how old are you?”

to which my father responded “how old do
I need to be?” and he said “eighteen”
the US
So the guy asked him “how old are you?”

to which my father responded “how old do
I need to be?” and he said “eighteen”

he said, “good I’m eighteen” He was
seventeen

So you may find an interesting one-year discrepancy
in the year of my father’s birth whether

it’s 1927 or 1928
On all those papers his birth date was 1927

because that made him eighteen at the time,
in fact he was born in 1928

So he arranged to come to the US, joined the
US army

My mother came to the US
Worked in the army mostly because he wanted

to learn about the country, learn about the
people and wanted to learn English

You mentioned Ahlem?
A soldier from Sioux Falls, Iowa; if I remember

correctly, by the name of Vernon Tott took
pictures of the camp that day

A survivor, who lived across the bay in Oakland,
when he retired said “you know I’m going

to find these guys” and from memory drew
the patch that he remembered on their shoulder

and sent it off to the Pentagon and said what
group is this?

He found out, sent a letter to the that squadron
and said does anyone have any memories, any
and sent it off to the Pentagon and said what
group is this?

He found out, sent a letter to the that squadron
and said does anyone have any memories, any

recollection about this?
And Vernon read the the newsletter from his

squadron and said, “You know I think I still
have those pictures”

So there’s a documentary called the ‘Angel
of Ahlem’ about that which is pretty amazing

Yeah we we met Vernon in Germany
I did, my parents had met of course before

but there was a ceremony for; I think it was
the, lets see, would have been the 60th anniversary

of the clearing of the Warsaw, of the Lodz
Ghetto and Vernon was in the process of dying

of cancer but he came to Germany and participated
with us in this

Really quite moving

[Interviewer]
“Lets focus on ‘business is war’”

“Right” don’t you want to speak about
sex?”

“Maybe later”

“OK”

My father, for him, business was his life
On the other hand it was very important for

him that family be supported and be involved
in, he was he was quite keen on the idea of

his sons working for him
him that family be supported and be involved
in, he was he was quite keen on the idea of

his sons working for him

And I went to see him and I walked into his
office and Jack was this short, rotund, bald,

swarthy, sort of had large, protruding eyes
and a deep booming voice that actually make

the walls vibrate it was so baritone and he
was very intimidating

I don’t know of many other people that could
run things quite the way he did

The most surprising thing when you look at
the way companies are structured between the

lowest level person and the top there’s
two or three levels and that’s it and no

one’s that far away and and this wound up
with an enormous number of people that reported

directly to my father

He hired me and he said “but your job will
not be to assist me, your job will be to follow

me around and learn the religion”
Jack’s philosophy of business, he called
He hired me and he said “but your job will
not be to assist me, your job will be to follow

me around and learn the religion”
Jack’s philosophy of business, he called

it the religion

There are lots of ways to run a business and
if you are going to run a business where the

CEO is this warm, gentle, encouraging, mentoring
person who leads people through a path of
There are lots of ways to run a business and
if you are going to run a business where the

CEO is this warm, gentle, encouraging, mentoring
person who leads people through a path of

internal and emotional development while they
generate a wonderful life-changing product

– great
And I’m sure there are companies that do

very well under that model, that wouldn’t
work with my dad as CEO

In my personal job was not to tell them how
good they are but to tell them what they are

doing wrong so they can improve
We live today in a different world

It’s such a good job – my God

I went to the CES show, Jack Tramiel was on
the stand, he was barking orders to everybody,

was quite aggressive
I had about thirty seconds with him, I just

said “hello I’m Dave from the UK” he
shook my hand and then dismissed me with his eyes

My father was put in touch with a financier
in Toronto by the name of Irving Gould who

I think at that time got twenty percent of
the company

Very bluntly asked him one day
I said “Irving I know you’re a wealthy

man, obviously you invested heavily into Commodore
and other companies
Very bluntly asked him one day
I said “Irving I know you’re a wealthy

man, obviously you invested heavily into Commodore
and other companies

Would you mind telling me how you made your
money?”

And I thought he was just going to throw me
out but he didn’t, he said “yes I’ll tell you”

And I’ll tell you exactly the words he used

He said, “David I took the best piss of
my life”

“And I’m just just stood at the urinal
and a young man came in and the young man

is going ‘so well these guys have invented
a system of twenty foot and forty foot containers

that can get picked up and carried on lorries
and they can get put onto special container

ships, cargo ships’
And he said ‘and I just brought to my company

to the table the opportunity to have the rights
for North America for the containers and they’ve

just turned it down’ and Irving just said
“you’ve just found your man”
to the table the opportunity to have the rights
for North America for the containers and they’ve

just turned it down’ and Irving just said
“you’ve just found your man”

Commodore programmers put together a game
called ‘Jack attack’ and they named it

after Jack
Commodore programmers put together a game
called ‘Jack attack’ and they named it

after Jack

You know at Commodore we have something that’s
sort of urban legend and yet has it’s basis

in truth and it’s called a ‘Jack attack’
And ‘Jack attacks’ can actually occur

one on one, right
Where you you might say, “I just can’t

work this way ”you know
You’d be the president of Commodore and

say “I can’t work this way” and Jack
would say, “Well then don’t”

That meant you’re fired you’re just out
We lost an entire office one time because

they wanted royalties

I went to lunch, came back, I looked at the
twelve offices and they were all empty

I went up to the receptionist and I said,
“Where’s the marketing department?”

And she’s looking she’s looking down and
writing on a yellow notepad and I and she

said “oh they’re gone, Jack came and fired
them just before lunch”

The ‘Jack attack’
I’ve know idea where the term came from

The term the first time I heard it was long
after Commodore ceased to be but as as I said

when my father was ‘displeased’ he made
made no secret of it

There were I remember as early as the times
I was working in the warehouse that I would
when my father was ‘displeased’ he made
made no secret of it

There were I remember as early as the times
I was working in the warehouse that I would

be you know in the warehouse you know moving
pallets around and I could hear dad

yelling in his office
And I knew someone was, someone had not done

exactly what he wanted

Jack was thought of as being ruthless sometimes
because he held you to your word

A young engineering manager once promised
to deliver something to him and he wanted

six months to do it
So he built up a staff of thirty people and

he started working on it
Six months later to the day Jack showed up

and said, “Is it done?”
The engineer said, “no, we had some complications,

we won’t have it done for another six months”
Jack fired everybody and closed down the operation

immediately
Later that afternoon I was in Jack’s office

when one of the engineers came in, storming
in

He was in his twenties
And he said “I been here for five years,

I’m not leaving, I helped build this company,
I’m going to sit in the hallway if I have

to I’m not being fired”
And Jack said, “fine, go find yourself another job”
I’m not leaving, I helped build this company,
I’m going to sit in the hallway if I have

to I’m not being fired”
And Jack said, “fine, go find yourself another job”

And you know what if the twenty-nine other

people in that group were smart enough to
come and do that they would still have their jobs

If he thought you were giving him nonsense
he would let you know at usually fairly high

volume levels
So along with percussion on the nearest horizontal

surface
So and and when he was displeased it was it

was obvious
If you were emotionally resilient enough to

handle that and to realize that the that the
criticism what not criticism of you as a person

but criticism of the job you had done and
could grow and learn from it then you wind

up with a group of people that will work very
well under those circumstances

My best Jack story happened in Germany
I had one of the Mercedes for the show and

my job was to chauffeur Jack and Sig around
They’d spend a lot of time talking, spend

a lot of time touring the show, spent a lot
of time in bars

So one time they’d both gotten really drunk
They were both sitting in the back seat singing

German songs; they were having a great time
And Jack told the story of how he built this

road that we were on because he was a prisoner
of war in Germany

Everyone talks about him designing all these
machines, which he neither designed nor actually

knew how to use
The first computer that he was actually comfortable

using was an I-pad and when he got comfortable
using it he just took to it immediately but

he never learned to program, never was interested
in doing any of that stuff
using was an I-pad and when he got comfortable
using it he just took to it immediately but

he never learned to program, never was interested
in doing any of that stuff

He knew it wasn’t magic but assumed that
if he needed any expertise he would just hire it

or he had a son that could do it for him
so it was fine

[music]

My dad brought home, in 1977, a Commodore
PET 2001

Much like the gamers today that spend all
of their time in their bedrooms

That’s what I did with a PET

My first computer was a Commodore PET 4032

My first experience of computers was the Commodore
PET

The Commodore PET has certain characteristic
sounds when you get to know it

First of all there’s the sound and the feel
of your fingers on the keyboard

A sort of crunching sound, a comforting sound
really once once you get used to it not like

keyboards today or anything God forbid flat,
glass screens that make no sound, where you

have to put a synthesized sound in place
The actual touch from the touch-typing was

an important feedback mechanism for the machine
It was as I think about quite nostalgically

it was a very comfortable way

Chuck moved out to California, assembled a
small team of people to work on the PET

He did an awful lot of the work himself but
there were a few incredibly talented engineers

involved, Chuck and me
Chuck knew that it needed to come with a programming

language that you could use it fresh out of
the box and the the best one available at
involved, Chuck and me
Chuck knew that it needed to come with a programming

language that you could use it fresh out of
the box and the the best one available at

the time, to some extent the only one, was
Microsoft BASIC

You know Gates comes in and says he wants
a dollar a machine and my father’s response

was “I’m already married”
So he offered Bill what at the time must have

seemed like an enormous amount of money - $50,000,
which he took

Couple of years later Bill is walking around
with this entourage of Japanese businessmen

And he comes up to the Commodore booth
If you typed WAIT6502 the next number would
Couple of years later Bill is walking around
with this entourage of Japanese businessmen

And he comes up to the Commodore booth
If you typed WAIT6502 the next number would

be the number of times the word Microsoft
was printed on the screen

And that’s what he expected to happen, instead
the machine just hung

And I leaned over to Bill and said “you
know there’s nothing at that address, it’s
And that’s what he expected to happen, instead
the machine just hung

And I leaned over to Bill and said “you
know there’s nothing at that address, it’s

just going to hang there’’ and he gave
me the if looks could kill look

And then I realised what he was doing and
said, “Your BASIC has been incredibly important

to the to the success of this machine
It’s a great product and I’m really glad

we have it in our computers” and as a result
he let me live

You may remember the first thing one of these
machines did would say COMMODORE BASIC with

so many bytes free; so we had the we loaded
the program that would read the number of

bytes free off of the screen, decode that
If it wasn’t the right number it meant that

the memory had failed its online power test
So the the very first PETs actually self-diagnosed,
bytes free off of the screen, decode that
If it wasn’t the right number it meant that

the memory had failed its online power test
So the the very first PETs actually self-diagnosed,

which was pretty remarkable

The first model PET had this little or as
they called it chiclet keyboard with the little

plastic things that came off on your fingers
and a cassette tape

The next model had a larger full typewriter
spacing keyboard and then you would use an

external cassette drive

My main sort of single contribution to the
system was the graphics character set and

the only instruction I got from Chuck was
four of those images have to be hearts, diamonds,

spades and clubs because I want to play blackjack

I think the goal was to have the machine running
for the winter CES, Consumer Electronics Show,

which didn’t work
We eventually figured out what was wrong,
I think the goal was to have the machine running
for the winter CES, Consumer Electronics Show,

which didn’t work
We eventually figured out what was wrong,

there was a resistor missing on the main circuit
board otherwise everything worked perfectly

but we didn’t know that until a couple of
weeks later

So enormous amounts of work went into meeting
the deadline of these shows

Yes so there was a lot of pressure at that
first Hannover fair so I guess that would

have been spring of 1977
It was my job to take the PET

It got it’s own seat on the airplane next
to me, which was lots of fun

Then we had to go through German customs
“What do you mean this is a computer? Computers

are ten of millions of dollars and they’re
the size of a room

No it can’t be a computer, what are you
talking about?”

It went back and forth a couple of times
In the meantime we had missed the connecting

flight from Frankfurt to Hannover
So we rented a VW microbus and drove from

Frankfurt to Hannover
Took the PET, popped it down on the table,

plugged it in and it didn’t work
So on the phone we had to diagnose what was

going on and repair the machine
Got it working and that was a lot of fun

VIC-20 with 8K expansion probably could have
got away with it at the time so that was all good

Fat graphics – yes we like the fat graphics

20 was it 20, 20, 22? 22, 22 yes
Yes it was, I mean the difference between

the VIC and the Commodore’s graphics, yes
the Commodore was better but sometimes the

VIC version is better
Oh look at that!

Commodore was a very international company
We were the third largest personal computer

company in the world but we were we were number
three in the US but were number one in Europe

So as a result of having sold the Commodore
PET computer which was very popular especially

in schools
So here we were at this meeting and it was

a large room with about twenty-five people
seated around a square table that was open

in the centre
So Jack came in and the engineers they wanted

to do a colour computer like an Apple and
Jack said “I want a small introductory computer,

I want a small computer that plays games and
for for the masses not the classes”

And as soon as he said that the whole room
erupted and everybody said, “no we have

to do a business computer, we have to compete
with Apple, we have to do a personal computer,

we have to do larger computers not smaller”
And Jack said, “I want the small computer

but you talk about it and I’ll come back
tomorrow, I have some business” so he left

Dad calls and he says the engineers have come
up with a new machine

I’d like you to come and take a look and
see what you think of it

Go to Chicago go to the the Commodore booth
So there’s this little machine in a rectangular

box hooked up to a TV showing all sorts of
PET graphics you know character sets stuff

but in colour
And that was the birth of the of the VIC-20

And that became the first generation of home
computers

The first million-seller of home computers
that seeded the market

I came on as part of the VIC commando team,
which was the VIC-20 product launch team

So we launched the VIC-20 at the Consumer
Electronics Show in 1981

It was a hit
It actually went on to become the first million-seller

home computer; it’s the first microcomputer
of any kind to sell one million units

When we first got the VIC-20 I had to share
it with my brother

It was actually my parents bought it for me
and my brother; he’s three years older than me

And we we didn’t have anything else; we

just had the computer and the TV
So we didn’t have any games for it, we didn’t

have any software for it, all we had was the
computer and the manual

And so we started playing around trying to
figure out how to program in BASIC using the,

you know they had some example programs in
the manual and it would teach you how to do things

And then you know once I learned that I started

making my own programs

The VIC could be programmed but it only had
5K of RAM memory

When you turned it on the 5K shrunk down to
3.5K

3.5K is basically one sheet of typing papers
worth of memory

Today we have gigabytes

The fat graphics really added to some of the
shooters

They were just chunky but fun
Yes and the sort of sound effects were just

sort of raucous and just
Well you’re firing everything out the sound

chip
Why isn’t it blowing up?

But it was it was that good
The sound’s massively loud through the speakers

thinking is this real?
Is this going to really happen?

But that was how it was you know it got your
attention

Some massive overly loud zapping sound, that’ll
draw you straight in you know Ooh playing

this then
You would always have to be wary of the fact

of ‘oh can this game run on unexpanded VIC
or do I need 8K or 16K expansion?’

And thankfully a lot of games companies realised
that you didn’t want to take a chance with

the game and realise it doesn’t work so
they’d always put ‘Unexpanded VIC-20’

in nice big bold letters on the cover

We wired up the memory externally to the VIC-20 and that gave us a full 8k of RAM to develop

cartridges
Once we got that we could actually start developing

more significant cartridges, more complicated
games like Omega Race, Gorf, Sargon II Chess,

the adventure games and things like that
Couldn’t do those on 3.5K but 8K was bare enough

Some of our family members gave us some Christmas
presents that were VIC-20 cartridge games

We got Omega Race, some kind of Sea Battle
or something like that

Omega Race was definitely the best one
I still have that cartridge

The real winner of course was the Commodore
64

Yes so the Commodore 64, which was the natural
outgrowth of the VIC

The same people that designed that VIC chip
designed the VIC-II, which is what powered

the Commodore 64
And then it had an absolute brilliant sound chip

[music]

And the Commodore with it’s Sound Interface
Device or the SID chip, as it’s affectionately known

really bundled up a hardware synthesizer
inside a home computer

And I knew then that that was a computer that
I just had to get my hands on

A lot of the music on the games at that time
in the very early eighties was just really awful

And he did a couple of VIC-20 things then
we kind of went on to the 64 really, which

was indeed obviously the SID chip [sings]

The Commodore 64 sound chip it was it was
it was a decade ahead of everything else

So even to the stage of where the Amiga came
out the Amiga couldn’t do the sounds that

the Commodore 64 was doing
It was that good

I just had to choose the C64 because of the
64K memory and the fact that it had a sound

chip where none of the others did

Hearing a piece of Rob’s I think it was
his arrangement of English Country Gardens

for was it for Hover Bother or something like
that?

You know yum de da dum da da dum but it’s
a lovely arrangement and had some lovely little

sounds, little twiddles in it

The 64 was a huge eye-opener and it was also
a bit of an equalizer at home in terms of

the different age groups getting people together
and playing a game

You know where the youngest in the family
could beat the oldest or something you know

You know there was no Internet at the time
There was no easy way, even getting to the

library was difficult
It was hard for your parents to haul five

kids to the library but you know there was
these gems of resources that we would find

just on trips to the grocery store
I knew there was a big store that was nearby,

bring a pad and paper and actually write the
machine code myself, copying it because I

couldn’t buy the book
And so I would sit there while my mom was

shopping or while she was doing her thing
I would come home and have a piece of it,

bring it to my Commodore 64 and have that
stored and I would have to wait another week

to go by to get that next little piece

First Commodore 64 for I think three to fours
years and bearing in mind it was second-hand

anyway but it got to the point where it would
only load games if the cassette deck was upside down

And sometimes I had to bang the computer on

the desk to get it to work
And I guess I was seating the chips back in

their sockets but as a as a twelve/thirteen
year old I had no idea about that sort of thing

I’ve been a Commodore 64 fan since 1985
and in that time I’ve been involved in programming,

composing music, running a disc magazine and
have also written a book about Commodore 64 games

Commodore 64 was an amazing machine
My best friend Shaun at school, he had a Commodore 64

and I was sort of envious because it was
actually one of the newer ones that came out

the little you know sleek-looking white ones
Joe Blade was a brilliant game on the Commodore 64

It was actually set in like you know the far

distant future in the year 1997 when London
had been taken over by thugs
It was actually set in like you know the far

distant future in the year 1997 when London
had been taken over by thugs

And we got really far in that game and I remember
we actually left this Commodore 64 on for

about a week because you know we didn’t
want to lose our high score

And when I got the Commodore the technology
of the sound chip meant that I could explore

musical ideas that perhaps lay just beyond
my technical playing ability

I was really, really in to Ragtime for example
and I heard a couple of Ragtime-y kind of

tracks in Rob Hubbard’s soundtrack to Action
Biker and then Martin Galway’s soundtrack

to Kong Strikes Back
And that was the point really when I realised

that the Commodore 64 could be a vehicle for
exploring composition and performance in a

way that didn’t necessarily rely on instrumental
technique

I love music and you know we wanted to do
something different with music

And I remember seeing this advertisement in
one of the computer magazines from this guy

Rob Hubbard who basically was you know ‘I’ll
write games I’ll write music for your games’

and and I think he even posted us a cassette
to say you know ‘here’s some of the stuff I've done

Eventually it clicked as to you know as to how it worked and what it was actually doing

And then once you get, once you get that stuff
working without the computer crashing then

basically it was like Pandora’s box opening
up

I was thinking much more about the about the
SID chip

It kind of became like a popularity contest
really the more games you had the cooler you

were at school
And if you were that kid that would come in

with that you know new game that had just
come out in the shop on Monday morning that

every kid in school was asking for you’d
be the most popular kid in school that week

Commodore gaming was promoted through the
use of clubs

Whoever had the faster ability of doing…tap,
tap, tap, click… or click, click, click…

or this - would obviously be the winner
Whoever got the most points we used to buy

prizes as opposed to sweets, obviously the
Greek element would be buying a pile of souvlaki

At school there were lots of people with different
machines

I had a friend who had a Spectrum and I had
friends who had the Commodore 64 as well and

we would occasionally swap games to try something
out

I remember one lunch time running home from
school with Ghostbusters, the tie in to the

film and playing that for about half an hour
instead of having lunch

There was a real awful sample that was used
on the Ghostbusters, so it became apparent

that you could do samples
[Ghostbusters- haha haha]

What I wanted to do was try to find a way
to got the be able to play a sample not just

a little speech sample with nothing else going
on but to get a musical, get something integrated

in the music so distorted rock guitar was
an obvious choice

What could I do sound you know with the technology
to get more out of the sound chip

And one of the things that I developed was
sampling

I realised you can play the the SID voices,
the three voices whilst the sampling plays

over it
And that was a revelation and they did it

with the volume register

The Commodore 64 now was the one that myself
and my brother we we sort of saved up our money

We worked overtime, we heard this machine

was coming out and it was going to be the
greatest, most wonderful new thing and we

we saved up our money and we, as teenagers,
and bought a Commodore 64

And my goodness we were very happy with it,
an absolutely amazing machine

What was the the culture like at Commodore
UK?

Was was it hard work?
Was it a lot of partying?

What went on?

There was always partying
We, we really I guess supported the the the

idea that ‘you work hard, you play hard’

Soon as David joined, I met David Pleasance
when he first joined the company in sales

I was already there and David was a master
of creating interesting bundles for retail

Great, great program that was developed was,
while I was there, was International Soccer

I walked past a computer store and I saw a
game playing in the window and it was International

Soccer on the Commodore 64
And there was colour, there was sound, there

was animation, there was graphics
I just had to have that machine

This game was unbelievable and it was only
possible because the 64 had sprites

No other computer had these programmable,
movable objects

So the SID station was a project at Chalmers
University of Technology where a couple of

guys had this course to make something that
involved programmable logic

And they had two ideas; one was like a MIDI
CD converter and the other was something called

SIDomania
And SIDomania was a synthesizer based on the

SID chip
The SID station is a tabletop synthesizer

module
So it’s got a few direct controls that control

sound parameters

It’s got a few things for entering tables
and stuff that you would do on a on a regular

Commodore 64 and a tracker but in a hardware
box

Hey, there’s this company called Commodore
hiring

Yes I need to get out of here
So without really knowing; I was saving my

money for an Atari 400, I couldn’t even
afford an 800 back then

So I I didn’t know much about Commodore
and I was about to become an Atari fan but

that stopped the day I got to Commodore

We brought this Commodore 64 and it totally
amazing because we had a PDP 23 I think it was

And the boss was very “Oh you know you have

to be very careful around the PDP 23”
And here’s Bil with this Commodore 64 and

you can type in ‘LOAD, $8, 8’ or whatever
but you know it would do a disc drive in a

directory and all these things
And that was like you know ‘working on computers

seems a little bit more interesting than building
scales’

So I go to interview with Bob Russell who
you know worked on parts of the VIC-20 and C64

And you know it’s going OK and stuff but

then at one point he said “why am I LOADX
immediate 02?” and I’d go “8502”
And you know it’s going OK and stuff but

then at one point he said “why am I LOADX
immediate 02?” and I’d go “8502”

And he looks at me and he goes “then I’d
store immediate” and I’m like “8D109”

I’m muttering the opcodes that I know from
having worked on the 6502 so closely

And I saw his body language change you know
He’s like “Ok we’ll have you down to

the plant type thing”
Well he he phrased it so nonchalantly, just

swing by the plant
I thought I was going for burgers or something

right
So I don’t even bring my resume and I’m

in like corduroys or something when I swing
by

And first thing I do is when I go to interview
with Shiraz Shivji who’s the guy who’s

either going to hire me or not
He had his desk turned around the wrong way

and I didn’t know so I run I walk in and
pop myself in his chair

And he walks in and has to like “excuse
me, you are in my chair”

Oh right
And then goes “where’s your resume?”

I’m going “I didn’t bring one”
And it’s over, the interview is over at

that point but now Frank Hughes stops by;
the guy who did work he goes “oh Shiraz

I got it”
So he brings it in and I’m starting to you

know kind of hit my stride, talking and stuff
And I just happen to mention a the K-Tron

the vibrating wire technology, I know its
one of our competitors, but I went into the

detail you know if you if you say you’re
a satellite, you know satellite, you better

be able to talk satellite
Well I’m weighing instrumentation so I better

talk it
And what I did there was I said, “it uses

a reference weight verses a regular weight
and it can even work on the moon”

And Shiraz looked at me and said “you meant
mass” and I was hired because he got to

correct me

I was early enough when I joined Commodore
where we were still up in the MOS building

And so it’s these tiny rooms painted psychotic
blue and there was three engineers in there

and you didn’t need the door you could’ve
put a forth engineer in there

And none of cared because like there’s a
chip fab right below our feet and stuff

So that’s where I did what became known
as the TED series of computers

I did that while working at the MOS building
And then after we moved down to Westchester

into that huge facility there, we got got
Hedley and a guy named Terry Fisher ‘Fish’

who joined us and he did all the PC boards
So we had like the cream of the crop of the

skill company was now down here

One of the very first tasks I was given, well
it came from a guy named Andy Finkel

And he told me to re-write the cassette loader
code for the C128 to make it run faster and

run better than the code that was used on
the C64

But he put this one perverse constraint ‘you
cannot move any labels’

So every label in the assembly code had to
stay in exactly the same place because Andy

was of the opinion that programmers would
randomly jump to any label that had gotten

out there and they were all public
So it was a very odd thing to have to do but

that’s what I ended up doing

The John Lennon looking guy from the from
the outside was there and that was Bil Herd

And he proceeded to ask me some technical
questions about about saturation limiting

diodes on the input of op-amps and also about
Laplace transforms, which he didn’t know

how to do
And it was like yes so I think we had a really

good interview and sure enough a day or so
later they called me in to visit Commodore

on Monday and offered me a job on the spot

I had the long hair going so I looked like
Floyd the drummer of the Muppet Show, the

way he walked and so you know
So I was unlike most people you know because

in California I might have been more normal
but here out here on the East coast our engineers

had actually turned into a pretty stodgy bunch
and I was able to help turn it back into animal house

And then we had fun

A guy I used to work with was a guy named
George Robbins

He was a character
I say we lived at Commodore, we worked at

Commodore, we would go home at night and at
least sleep in our bed, occasionally take

as shower and show up the next day
George lived at work

George had two cubicles where the rest of
us had one

George had a nest

George had managed to get caught once driving
a car with no driver’s licence, an expired

registration and no insurance

I parked the truck against a telephone pole
After the cops were done with me and I’d

like take care of a little detail like call
Hedley

So he gave me a ride into Commodore you know
not long after I became known as the resident

Commodore person [laughing in background]

So George just decided he was going to live
at Commodore

Greg Berlin and I had discovered that down
in the factory area up like in this weird

sort of mid-floor area in the factory there
was a place where they would stash stash all

the Herman Miller furniture to improve our
offices by putting up doorways and things

that weren’t ever supposed to be there
And George had done the same thing only even

more so that he had kind of made himself a
little room that he could close off, which

we called his nest

Yes well the, I was the one who coined the
phrase ‘nesting’

You know whereas I had the air mattress and
stuff George would sleep in bubble wrap

And then he’d get up and he’d be walking
around and he’d have these red rings, blinking

his eyes and stuff but he’d have these little
impressions all over his face from the bubble wrap

And when you went to look for George, because

he didn’t always sleep in the same place,
you’d look under something see like a foot
And when you went to look for George, because

he didn’t always sleep in the same place,
you’d look under something see like a foot

sticking out of bubble wrap – found him
You know it was literally like a mouse nest

at that part, so we called it nesting

I kept a sleeping bag
I could sleep under my desk when I needed

to but I wasn’t planning to live there full-time
but George kind of was

And he’d also take, he’d also take sort
of sponge baths in the, in the bathroom

We didn’t have a shower and so yes he was
kind of a character, that’s just part of it

George got paid in cash, he didn’t have

direct deposit and at some point they found
out that he had like six months of un-cashed
George got paid in cash, he didn’t have

direct deposit and at some point they found
out that he had like six months of un-cashed

pay cheques in his drawer, in his office because
he was never leaving and you know maybe to

eat he’d drive you know, I mean all of us
would had cars and we’d go out

And you know we are all in our twenties and
thirties and we’re getting paid good money

we think and you know we’re doing okay
And George has decided he needs money

And he reaches into his pocket and he pulls
out six months worth of pay cheques

What that George?
He said, “Oh I need to cash out some”

Because he needs a deposit, because he didn’t
spend any money, because he didn’t have

any expenses, he lived in the building you
know

So he had this huge pile
He filled out six months of pay cheques and

of course I’m sitting there going “oh
man what I could” you know we are all like

“wow that’s a, that’s a chunk of change”

So he was forced by personnel to open an account
with direct deposit because I guess they didn’t

like the idea of cheques not being cashed
Yes it was funny, that’s a, I mean there’s,

you could you could come up with a lot of
different George stories if you thought about it

Yes George, George was, he was a character

We worked to go to CES and George was an engineer, a key engineer on the product, actually it

might have been when the A500 came out and
the mandate came down that everybody going

to CES had to wear a suit
So you had to have a tie and a suit and you

had to look good
And all of George’s attire were were you

know blue jeans with battery acid holes in
them and ripped T-shirts just because he didn’t

feel that dressing up was sort of his thing
But he wanted to go to CES and so he needed

to get a suit
So he goes out and he buys this, this synthetic

material, polyester suit, sort of tan coloured
right and he’s got the suit

So now we are in the labs and we have to figure
out how to get to CES

So the rest of us have this thing called luggage
that we put our clothes in but George doesn’t

possess any of this so he’s not sure exactly
what he’s going to do

So literally he takes a grocery bag and he
jams his suit in the grocery bag

He rolls the grocery bag over and he puts
duct tape on the outside of the bag and this

is his luggage
So he takes this thing and I’ll never forget

sitting there in Las Vegas waiting for the
luggage to come down and it’s coming down

and here comes rolling George’s bag
So then what happened?

Well it’s a polyester suit and it’s been
all scrunched up and compressed

So he puts the suit on and now the sleeves
are like up to here and he’s got this wrinkly

suit on
And he shows up and so management finally

said “George you don’t have to work the
booth, you know, you don’t have to wear

the suit, you know, go see CES” and and
they never really fought him on that again

One of the best engineers I ever worked with

It took a few years to get around this and
now I have my own car and my own house and

I don’t live at Commodore anymore but I
love it anyway

Commodore stock went through the ceiling,
the Commodore stock went up and split a couple

of times
In fact Jack and his three sons had a tradition

that whenever the stock went up ten points
they would all stop and share a bottle of

Dom Perignon champagne
And I I’m privileged to say I was with them

several times when they did that
That was pretty cool and it’s a, it’s

a kind of an interesting symbol of the growth
we were achieving

We were not just growing the market
We weren’t just giving millions of people

a computer that couldn’t afford before
We were also making a lot of money for investors

and showing that this was a profitable enterprise

Jack Tramiel done his Apple killer and it
was the Commodore 64

He was done with Apple
We used to say Apple who?

I mean that’s just that was it, they were,
they were cooked in our book

And like it’s true and we did twenty-seven
million C64’s where as Apple 2 might have

sold five and a half million or something
So we didn’t need another games machine

what, what, what Jack wanted was Sir Clive
Sinclair’s spot now you know

And he had the little Spectrum and things
and he’s like I want him next, right, I

want that
And so the, the C116 if you saw when Shiraz

pulled it out and showed it to me
It was this big; it was the Raspberry Pi of

the day
It was supposed to cost $49 and it had chiclet

keys but it had 121 colours, had built in
sound, all in one chips, basically a chip

with a computer built around it
Which back then it used to be lots of chips right

As the company got more and more successful
and more and more perks came up like, as my

father called it the PET jet
Although it probably should have been called

the Commodore 64 jet but that didn’t sound
as good

Irving would demand use of the PET jet whenever
he could and dad didn’t like this, it did

not fit with his you know morals of what the
right thing for a company asset to be used for

Then there was the one with the full size
keyboard and TED meant text display

It was supposed to be a business machine
You want to play games get a 64

In a matter of fact the price is completely
different right but we’re not, we’re not

trying to compete with ourselves
So Jack had that, had that focus that he knew

what, what he wanted to do with the market

I think both Commodore and Apple had in 1983,
so the CES was in January of 1984, had just

each cost a billions dollars in annual sales
As I like to point out Commodore doing it

with machines that cost a tenth as much as
the Apple machines

So a few more machines being sold

An argument going on between Jack and Irving
upstairs in the booth and I was there and

suddenly I got this, I was demonstrating and
suddenly I got, somebody came over and said

you got to come up and explain you know the
plus/4 to them

So I went up and I I didn’t really know
Irving I know Jack a lot better and so I went

through my spiel you know explaining what,
what it was, what are, what we wanted it to

do
How it was going to prop up the price of the

C64 and you know they both, the people in
the room listened and then I was dismissed

There was a celebration for Commodore’s;
I guess it was 25th anniversary

at the time or the 30th, if I do the math
quickly

And dad gave Irving an ultimatum and said,
“You can’t use company assets as if they’re

your own
As long as I’m president you can’t, you

have to stop
So either you stop doing it or I quit”

To which Irving said “goodbye” and dad
quit

Just you know left the room and quit
Walked by my wife on the, in the hall and

looking rather stern and upset
She was kind of shocked and that’s, he just quit

There are allsorts of stories
I think the official Commodore story is that

there was a board meeting in New York a couple
of weeks later where they fired him

I’m pretty sure he wasn’t at the meeting

When Jack leaves and he leaves literally at
a CES

Jack has a disagreement with Irving Gould,
they part ways literally at the CES show and

at that point TED literally died because now
there is nobody to focus all those things

The new generation Corvettes
So the three of us got together and bought

him one of these Corvettes at that same Consumer
Electronics Show

So Sam and Garry drove it down to Las Vegas
for that same show and unbeknownst to us that

you know this whole quitting Commodore thing
was going to happen we were going to give

him this this fun present
So Garry arranges to have the car parked in

the front of the hotel and then they went
outside just on some pretence

And dad walks out and sees the car and goes
“that’s it, that’s the car, that’s

what I want”
And he walks up to it and he goes “it’s

the right colour and it’s got all the right
you know it’s got the right, right wheels

and the right interior and the right everything
and this is perfect”

And Garry reaches into his pocket, pulls out
the keys and says, “it’s yours”

Yes and then a couple of days later he quits
and hops in the car and drives home

I didn’t really know him I you know, I’d
seen him a couple of times but Jack was still

there, he didn’t leave until after Consumer
Electronics Show that January

Couple of weeks after that is when he left
so yes so I was there basically for the tail

end of the Jack Tramiel era
It didn’t, didn’t really have an impact

A lot of the people who had made the Commodore
64 had left a long time ago

But the, but without Jack around the sheep
started multiplying without a wolf right and

pretty soon we’re stepping in sheep shit
everywhere right

So and, and meanwhile you know we go from
a core of about twelve people, eight to twelve

people doing all the work
The department blooms up to fifteen and it’s
So and, and meanwhile you know we go from
a core of about twelve people, eight to twelve

people doing all the work
The department blooms up to fifteen and it’s

still the same core of eight to twelve of
us doing all the work

They didn’t know the new computer you have
to start over again

Get developers on board
And this is more than marketing that that

dropped the ball
Anybody that had only been there a couple
Get developers on board
And this is more than marketing that that

dropped the ball
Anybody that had only been there a couple

of years thought that C64’s sell themselves
They sure acted like they did we sold 27 million

But then they upped the price for the TED
series and called it the Plus/4 and it became

$300
Well it was designed to be $79
But then they upped the price for the TED
series and called it the Plus/4 and it became

$300
Well it was designed to be $79

So, so that thing now dies on the vine but
what that shows then is you know with, with

Jack we had a focus
He didn’t think a distributor should make

any money off hardware and he didn’t think
we should make too much money off hardware

He thinks, he thinks you should have, have
a good price for a good product but not overcharge

And distributors like “oh we want to make
nice” no you’ll make that on the software

but, but you don’t make it on my hardware
So that, he would, he would enforce that so
And distributors like “oh we want to make
nice” no you’ll make that on the software

but, but you don’t make it on my hardware
So that, he would, he would enforce that so

you know without him doing that then you know
here’s a $300 thing, why is that?

So he gets a hundred, he gets a hundred and
he gets a hundred

Fifty top executives, engineers and marketeers
at Commodore all walked out of the company

in one week
It’s as if we set our time clock six months,

we never talked to each other
The six-month point came, we weren’t happy

with what we saw at the company
We weren’t being allowed to develop the

new computers that we had in mind
Had a lot of new, new stuff and prototypes

in development, so we all walked out
Greg Pratt the president of Commodore USA,

me, all the VIC Commandoes, many of the engineers,
the whole infrastructure just walked out in

one week

I jumped ship to what had be called the D128
and, and there’s a story with the day that

happened
But the, we ended up in engineering deciding

to do the C128 because no one stopped us
This wasn’t from on high, this wasn’t

“there’s our project to plan for this
year”

Couple of engineers, I sat down at a table,
I, I drew, I threw away the old guy’s design

because it just wasn’t going to go anywhere
used their little grid paper and hand drew

a schematic that became the C128

And as, we show it to management when we’d
get a certain distance and they’re like

“ this is great, I had a great idea” we’re
like “I need another guy on my team “yes

you’ve got it” you know
And so we marched it down field by building

up resources and things but it’s like we
told them it’s now called the C128 you know

because we decided, it was us that decided
to make it Commodore compatible to the Commodore 64

And we hadn’t said a hundred percent compatible,

that was marketing once again drifting through
the picture like they, like they were in a

drunken haze “oh it’s a hundred percent
compatible” well no, never said that but

we’ll try

Yes I, I, it’s hard to say, I think a lot
of people are just like the idea it’s bigger,

better, faster, more but is also runs my old
programs so I don’t have to keep the Commodore

64 around you know, which is, that’s a significant
thing

The 128 was there to fill a gap right
We needed something for CES and we know the

Amiga’s coming
I’m actually one of the people they brought

and I looked at the spec and said, “Why
are there tanks instead of business icons?”

So we saw the 128 as just basically if, if
the main thrust of the allied forces was,

was the Amiga it was me and my crew went up
to the mountains and held the mountain pass

for the winter you know that how I kind of
look at it

And so the 128 was only meant to sell one
year

And Yes I know we sold I know six or seven
million of them at least and that was, it

worked more than most people, you know most
companies were selling as far as a single

model of the computer
It didn’t, you know it didn’t match the,

you know the twenty-something million of the,
of the C64 but nobody else did either

There was supposed to a C128D and that was
my favourite computer

It was supposed to come out at the exact same
time

And that’s the one with the built-in drive,
the keyboard clipped under it and it didn’t

get made
And I didn’t know it didn’t get produced

until after I’d quit because I kind of wandered
off after and I was burnt

I was just fried, I, I, I, I had used a lot
of me up in a very short period of time

Do you know the hole-in-the-wall story?
Have you heard the hole-in-the-wall story?

No tell us it then

Ok, so the hole-in-the-wall story
We, we, as you know, we were working very

hard and didn’t need delays that we didn’t
need to be there in the first place and Commodore

found a new way to throw one in front of us
And I’d moved in to this one room with,

where I had this big emulator and on the weekends
they would turn off the, the air conditioner

So I would wear a headband and no shirt and
I would have to keep washing it off about

every twenty minutes with spray because I‘d
dripped sweat on it

But none the less it was my room and that’s
where I did my work

Then one day I show up and the door’s locked
on the weekend

“Oh this is inconvenient”
So I climb up over the ceiling and I get that

white crap all over me and I open the door,
right

And we put up a sign that says ‘don’t
lock this door, there is no key for it’

because you know it was a brand new facility
for us and they’d never ever turned the

key over we figured
Well the security guards can’t resist a

door than can be locked and locked it again
Climb up over, get the white crap all over

me again, put a sign that says ‘no don’t
lock this door, there’s no key for it’

I may have said assholes or something
So finally it’s locked again

They said I could punch through the wall in
one punch

It was actually two, one for the inside layer,
one for the outside layer to where I could

reach in and unlock the door right
So by the time I’ve got it open, then I

got the white crap all over my arm now instead
of me

And there’s a bunch of Z8000 programmers
you know looking like I just shot a sheep

or something and the next day they locked
the door again

So I had to put a sign up that said ‘look
assholes there’s a f****ing hole in the

wall, stop locking the door’
That’s the hole-in-the-wall story

You don’t get to bark
We’re doing something important here where

no barking is important
Are we rolling?

Welcome to RJ Mical’s house of construction,
ha-ha ha-ha

You know you probably won’t be able to get
to show any of the house, will you?

Don’t worry I can see it right now

Yes, oh good, ok well

I’m RJ Mical and I was one of the original
engineers that invented the Amiga computer

a long time ago and since then I’ve done
a lot with my life

I’ve done a lot with my career and managed
to go a lot of places

But I got to tell you that Amiga thing stands
out as, as one of the most precious and and

special periods of my life and I think the
thing I’ve created that I’m most delighted about

When I first got into Amiga I was I was a
very young kid and this was a fantastic escape

and that machine I absolutely loved

The sound on the Amiga was a bit of a game
changer so for the first time video game music

and computer music began to sound like production
music

And when I saw the specs of the Amiga and
some demos and stuff like that I was like

this is this is the next level you know

My love is the Amiga 500 and the CD32

And I got an Amiga 1000 and I was I was probably
mostly known for doing the Budbrain mega demos 1 and 2

The first time I played the Amiga was when
my cousin had it

My cousin was four years older than me so
he had this Amiga and we were going up to

his house and there was just like this magic

I’m at the University of Illinois and I’m
an English major I’m I’m studying to to

get an English degree, not sure exactly what
I’m going to do with it, literature maybe,

you know writing for newspapers or magazines
or something like that

But I didn’t want to do literature; I didn’t
want to write for magazines

I wanted to write books; I wanted to do my
own my own creation

But I was afraid of being a starving artist
and then I was going to go out into the real

world and be unable to be really successful
and and have a you know have a great income

and so on
All the things I’d been taught that I really

wanted which turned out to be not true but
I was scared to go out and and get out into

the real world with an English degree
And I had this amazing fateful afternoon that

I’m sitting in the computer lab and I’m
about to graduate and I’m worried what am

I going to do out there in the real world
with an English language degree?

And I’m sitting there in the computer lab
worrying what am I going to do? What am I

going to do?
And then I take a break from my worrying to

play some computer, some of my computer game;
the Star Trek game that I played

And I play the game for a while, then I’d
stop and worry what am I going to do with

my life? What am I going to do with my life?
Then I’d play the game and I’d worry what

am I going to do with my life? And finally
hey I know: I could do this stuff

And, and realised all of instant in one afternoon
that that really my calling was to go off

and and to do software engineering

In roughly December of 1982 Dave Morris convinced
me that I should you know come work with him

at at initial Amiga actually it was still
Hi-Toro at the time; it was named Amiga I

think a few months after I got there
When I got there I was the first technical

employee of any kind there
Dave had eight other marketing and sales people

working on the game controller and other things
to prep the channel

Jay Miner officially couldn’t be there because
part of the deal was that he would stay at

ZyMOS and finish the pacemaker
So I arrived there by myself and then later

on Jay and Joe Decuir would stop by
And the team of the three of us were given

a room with three very large wall-sized white
boards to come up with a product

Not only was working at Williams Electronics
an amazing experience because it gave me this

opportunity to really express myself as a
computer scientist but also as an artist

I’m a storyteller; I love creating music;
I love creating graphics and special effects

and it was a job that allowed me to tie all
of that together and do something

But even better than that I met a fellow there
that got connected shortly after that with

this new company out in California called
Amiga Computer

Dave Morris basically told us what the channel
was and what he wanted to put in the channel

and we were given a pretty much a clean slate
to do it

He wanted something that could produce animation
more like the cartoons kids saw on TV

And so we started on the whiteboard just drawing
boxes and one of us would throw up an idea

and you know Jay would shake his head and
say “no feasible”

Of course the forth person in the room was
Mitchy Jay’s dog who would actually sit

there watching
You know the stories are that we would look

at Mitchy and Mitchy would either nod or fall
asleep and we would use that as a cue to the design

And the original Amiga that I saw in the block
diagram had game controller ports as part

of its design
And, and all of that it checked out as, as

a proper game system but it also had these
extra capabilities

And it was that more than anything else that
inspired me to join the company because the

games stuff was interesting to me and to create
a game platform I probably would have said

yes if it was just that

The Amiga is sort of the child of Commodore
and Apple and Atari

Jay and Joe Decuir had worked on Atari and
of course they knew about the sprite engines

that were in the Atari VCS
The chips they had worked with were the 6502,

which had come from Commodore of course; Chuck
Peddle’s chip and then I had worked at Apple

and learned the tricks that Woz and Burrell
Smith used in the Apple 2 and the Mackintosh

and of course the work that Lisa had reinvented
from the Xerox Alto

So we sort of combined ideas from that whole
ecosystem of computers that had come before

And I think that was one of the reasons the
Amiga turned out so well, the cross-pollination

of ideas from multiple predecessor designs

What I saw more than anything else was the
the quality, the strength of the people that

were putting together the company
And, and yes the engineering staff was superb

and I was easily convinced by people like
Dale and and Dale Luck and Ron Nicholson and

of course Jay Miner
But the but the business people really believed

and and were extremely well experienced and
had the right know how and and the right enthusiasm

to be able to make the thing happen and so
I said yes to joining Amiga Computer

I am the chairman of the Dutch Commodore User
Group

Our club is more than 35 years old and still
alive and kicking

I like to collect old computers mainly Commodores

We have almost four hundred members
Our club meetings are visited by I think so

about fifty to till hundred visitors every
time and six times a year we are here in Maarssen

in the Netherlands
It’s a very nice place to be because we

have a lot to do with innovation

Somehow Dave Needle got introduced to us as
a consultant who possibly could help with

some of the general hardware design, logic
design and chip design

He came to interview actually they didn’t
like him at the first interview and sent him

away
He sort of begged his way back in basically

because he had seen the whiteboard and decided
that whiteboard was better than anything else

that he’d seen to work on

When I joined Amiga I originally joined with
the graphics staff, there’s a fellow named

Dale Luck who was in charge of the graphics
development for the Amiga and I joined to

work for him and to work on graphics and it
worked out well

But as time went on and as the company continued
to grow and to develop I ended up taking on

more and more responsibilities for running
the team with, with my boss at the time

The technology these days is to put billions
of transistors on a chip, few decades ago

it was millions
Back when we were designing the Amiga putting

several thousand transistors on a chip was
a very difficult task

In retrospect we were trying to do a project
that was nearly impossible for the team size

that we had

All computers at that point were switching
to being user interface oriented

It was, it was no longer good enough to have
a computer where the user had to type cryptic

text into a text window and command the computer
to do things by knowing the right instructions

to give
The new world was one where it was a graphical

user interface and you interacted with it
with you hands and and it was a much more

rich and enriching sort of environment that
needed to be created and the Amiga had everything

except that, the Amiga did not have a graphical
user interface capability

And so at that point in my career I quit being
the director of software engineering for the

Amiga Computers Company and instead I went
back to work being an engineer and and I spent

about seven months developing the user interface
for the Amiga that I called intuition

We’d have these big wall sized pieces of
plastic that were essentially the layout for

the chip and we were trying to put several
tens of thousands of transistors down by hand

and get it correct
An engineer nowadays would say without design

tools that is impossible; you will never succeed;
it will never work

So if you believe them the Amiga chipset is
an impossibility that we managed to successfully create

Now we also had to do this in a reasonable

amount of time, several thousand transistors;
a start-up company has a certain amount of funds

It all came down to the trade shows and in
particular the CES The Consumer Electronics Show

where it was make or break time for Amiga
We had all these other interesting little

novelties going but the truth was that we
either delivered or we were going to run out

of money
The money that we had going was good seed

money that would get us to the point that
we had something working but we had to go

further, we had to find additional investors
and turn it into a real system

And the way to get additional investors was
to show people that what we had thought we

could get working was actually working
And the place to do that was at CES, at the

trade show
And so it, it became one of those deadlines

for us
The CES was all-important; that that it became

make or break for us
That we knew that the investors, that the

companies that would be interested in this
And would show enough interest and it would

inspire the investors to give us the money
that we needed; that we had to have a good

showing at CES
And at the same time the company really was

starting to run out of money, seriously starting
to run out of money

And I had already started to become part of
more of the executive half of the company

at that point, so I was privy to a lot of
the conversations they were having about how

desperate thing really were and how tight
money was becoming

But in general this wasn’t being discussed
with the employees because we didn’t want

people to feel panicky and nervous and and
not work as well as they might or start looking

for other jobs or something like that if they
thought the company was going to fail

And so they kept it low-key, they didn't talk
a lot about how important these trade shows

were but we all sort of knew
And and and and I wasn't all that comfortable

with keeping stuff from the employees and
so I kind of told a lot of people some of

to some extent what we're up against and why
we needed to deliver

Dave Morris had a trade show he went to target
and so we rushed ahead with the design

And as we were coming up to one of the early
trade shows and and we were both realising

how how desperate everything was and that
we really needed to get our best foot forward

But also that we were so close and with just
a little extra work there were so many cool

things we could show then we ended up just
working all night long

We often worked all night long and and Dale
and I got into this thing where we would start

playing rock music real loud in the middle
of the night to help keep ourselves awake

And when you had to do something like cue
up a five-minute compile instead of sitting

there and potentially falling asleep you would
stand up and dance

And the two of us would take turns standing
up and dancing three, four, five o'clock in

the morning in the software lab to keep ourselves
awake while we did our work And the Led Zeppelin

was blaring loud and we're dancing
And finally the day came that that we lost

track of time and our co-workers start showing
up to the office and and there's this loud

music blaring out of the software lab
And they go back there to look to see what's

going on and there's Dale and me dancing and
dancing

We got the reputation then for being the dancing
fools that's where we got that nickname Dale

and I we were known as the dancing fools
at Amiga because of that

What we did at Amiga was unprecedented they
the strange hardware rig that we put together

to create the effect of the Amiga computer

We got lots of little parts that were individual
NAND gates and registers wire wrapped them

together and try to get them running in order
to find out if the logic circuits that we

had drawn in paper actually work

Something as simple as an electrostatic shock

would wipe them out
And so they had them set up on this workbench

in the software lab but they put chairs that
forced you before you could approach the chips

to walk along a certain corridor where you
would step on the this electrostatic pad that

we had on the ground that would take electro
static electricity away from you so that you

wouldn't zap the chips
And anyone that got anywhere near the chips

had to step over this pad to get to the chip
So we had this little corridor like a like

an aisle down the centre of a church going
to the chips at the end

And even better than that these chips the
output of the chips we needed to make available

to everyone that was in the software lab where
we were

And so we had these massive cables that were
the the graphics and audio output of these

chips and we ran them up into the air and
then they draped across where the the electrostatic

pad was and went off to the rest of the the
software lab

But where they draped across the walkway it
kind of they draped down because it was loose

and it was made you kind of stoop a little
bit

And so as you would approach these Amiga stacks
that were one day would be the Amiga computer

you were obliged to walk down this one corridor
and just as you got up to the stacks you had

to bow
You had to bow your head in order to get under

the wires and it was like this this religious
experience that you would go through to approach

the hardware
And little did we know at the time that it

was in fact quite a religious experience that
we were creating not only for ourselves but

for millions of people out there in the real
world

My part in that was I actually hand wired
the original two motherboards for the Amiga

I did get one working and that was the one
they use primarily to test the first set of

breadboard emulators for the chipset and that
was the one that we took down to one of the

major trade shows the Consumer Electronics
Show in Las Vegas

Everyone in the company worked their their
hearts out to get us to these trade shows

and to have not just the technology but the
best marketing presentation we could make

And oh the geniuses were there, the booth
we put together for CES was just remarkable

it was an amazing thing that had enough goodness
on the outside to inspire everyone

But if you were lucky enough to get an invitation
into the inner sanctum of where the actual

Amiga demo was going on then you were in for
a real treat because man that Amiga demo was

so cool

A lot of people who who saw the demo thought
that we must have a fairly large mini computer

or IBM mainframe in the next room emulating
the output they saw because they said you

can't do this and anything that would you
know fit inside a personal computer

Our sales and marketing team at at Amiga were
just overjoyed with the

success that we had and they decided they're
going to take us out and give us this amazing

dinner for for to celebrate the the fact that
we have had such an awesome first day at the

Consumer Electronics Show
And we did we eat a lot of spaghetti and drink

a lot of Chianti I suppose
But then after that Dale and I were talking

on our way back from the dinner and we realised
there was still so much more we could do

And that if the first day was a success the
second day could be even better if only we

worked a little bit harder
And so the two of us instead of going back

to our hotel rooms we went back to the CES
tradeshow and we talked the guards into letting

us get back into the booth
And the two of us sat down in that booth and

we stayed up all night long drinking warm
beer and working on the demos to make the

demos better so that on day two not only were
they great but there are even a little bit

greater than great
I mean added just a little bit more extra

pizzazz and wonder wonderment to them

Towards the end of the chips being fabricated
I think we actually got the chips back and

they all worked
Money was not available any more

Stories that later came out that both Dave
Morris and Jay miner took out mortgages in

there on their house I had only heard that
later

I was actually still working on 64 and plus/4
things and I was working with various companies

like Infocomm to help them port their stuff
to the C64 and the plus/4 and that they all

they all seemed to have a secret project going
with some unnamed computer company

Who you know the locked room type stuff and
while I was there hanging out with them there

were things that they would not talk about

Atari was in the process of losing two million
dollars a working day

And they I don't know how contacted dad somewhere
in the in his trip; I think he was in Singapore

or something like that
And said “please come to New York we want

to talk to you about buying Atari”
And Sam said “we just bought Atari come

home, come home now”
And that was an interesting transition; graduate

student in physics; honeymooner; vice president
of software for a fortune 500 company

I hate to say it but I've never pulled this
punch before the way that Atari did business

back then was miserable
I never abided by that way of thinking about

business
That way of cutthroat making money and and

throw people to the side, nothing matters
more than being successful at making money

I hated that
But they originally gave Amiga Computer money

as a cheque
It was not a great deal but it was an okay

deal and we were facing doom
Everyone was finally resigning themselves

to the fate that Atari was going to get it
our baby from us and then that we would all

be out of jobs and that that this thing that
we have dreamed of for all of those years

was was failing
And at the last moment when it seemed that

there was no hope left suddenly out of the
blue came Commodore to the rescue

And and Commodore found out what Atari was
offering us for the company and and Commodore

said “oh we can do much better than that”
they said

And they proposed a very nice rich dollar
amount for the company that sounded great

to all of us
It was this awesome moment of negotiation

where they they offered us you know I think
it was four four dollars or four and a quarter

or something I don’t remember the exact
number now

But they Dave Morris our fearless leader turned
to all of us and said “you know okay well

here's the offer do you accept it's better
than zero, it's better than Atari” and everyone

that reported to him said “yes sounds good
accept this deal’

And then he turned back to Commodore and said,
“no not quite enough we're going to have

to pass on your offer”
And it’s like ‘Oh my goodness’

To have the courage to be to have a gun pointed
to your head like that and still say no to

the best offer you'd heard so far
But they offered him I think it was originally

four and they offered him four and a quarter
or something like that he said “okay”

and we and and the rest was history Commodore
bought the company and and and Atari’s attempt

to get their hands on the technology was foiled
and and and Dave Morris returned the cheque

to Atari
I've heard recently that Atari still has that cheque

[laughs] I would like the cheque but even

just a photocopy would be lovely [laughs]

So I guess we have from we have Amiga Corporation’s
account number on the back there

So yeah half a million dollars March 7th 1984
to Amiga from Atari
So I guess we have from we have Amiga Corporation’s
account number on the back there

So yeah half a million dollars March 7th 1984
to Amiga from Atari

I discovered that it was the Amiga and Commodore had just bought them

Folk at Atari; oh and this is presumption
I don't they didn't certainly didn't tell me

thought alright we'll fund these guys
and they'll make a nice machine except they’re

not be going to able to pay back
So if they don't pay us within six months

we own the technology

And Commodore infused our company with cash
and suddenly overnight we were productive

citizens
We had powerful, big computers that we could use

And we had mag tape drives built into the
citizens
We had powerful, big computers that we could use

And we had mag tape drives built into the

computer so we could back up our work on a
nightly basis

And all this like miracle stuff happened that
made us more productive
computer so we could back up our work on a
nightly basis

And all this like miracle stuff happened that
made us more productive

Right after the purchase happened within less
than a month my group was actually sent out

to California to work with the Amiga guys
to get it ready for launch
Right after the purchase happened within less
than a month my group was actually sent out

to California to work with the Amiga guys
to get it ready for launch

We were doing things like printer drivers,
device drivers, application software, just

generally filling in where they were they
were light on people

They themselves embrace the Amiga as the next
generation that that Commodore needed to go in

And so was this match made in heaven where

‘oh it was great, the business was great,
the hardware was great, our development environments

became great

You had the development team in Los Gatos
who had created a product that they thought

would be a game machine
They could not produce it the price that it

would take to compete in the games market
And Commodore acquired the company because

they needed to move quickly into the next
generation of computers and you had all these

sales and marketing people on the East Coast
with totally different ideas

And it was quite a bit of friction

Amiga in California had this amazing technology
that just needed to have a little bit of the

low cost computer from Commodore and the high
tech technology from Amiga and put that together

to really come up with an amazing combination

Everybody in Los Gatos got to go to the launch
as a reward

We had this last-minute substitution of Graphicraft
Graphicraft Hat was a very early edition had

some bugs and one of the bugs that still wasn’t
being tracked down was the flood fill

You could start a flood fill and it would
flood; you can fill the screen and then keep

going and fill the whole of the memory and
so it crashed the computer

And so you know during the demo was during
the training when Pariseau trained Andy Warhol

don't don't do the flood fill
And naturally during the demo, the live demo

he does the flood fill
And the rows of engineers we were all sitting

together you know we're right we were ‘oh
no’ because we we knew this couldn't work

but somehow it did
It did not crash the machine and that's just

one of those miracles that happen

My first job was to make the PAL version of
the Amiga 1000 and so I had to I was the token

guy from Commodore in Westchester, Pennsylvania
They had to go talk to all the guys in Los

Gatos and say alright we got to make a PAL
video output from this computer because the

first Amiga was only NTSC

But revolutionary at the time was its multitasking
of the whole

A lot of the internal concepts, libraries,
devices and so on were just much more advanced

than most home computers had at that time

I'd heard about the the Amiga coming out and
I was like you've got the Developer Docs and

a photocopier I have to have them

The 128 was it was launched that summer and
then Amiga in the fall but I wanted to find

out about it
And you there were these green books you could

sign out you had to put your name on them
And yet they were had serial numbers and everything

because they didn't want this information
getting out

And Bil Herd got one and I think the the night
or maybe the night after Bil Herd got his

I stayed late and photocopied the whole thing
so I could learn it

[Music]

Keep it going

This is awesome

Right, oh my god

Look at that

The waterfall right there in the corner
We live we have a little house in the town

This is not ready to be lived in yet

I see what you’re saying, Okay

So I did everything you see, every single
surface

Elevator goes down all three floors, if I
ever build the thing

Deal with the plans they said just you know
it it's too complicated so I said

okay I'll build a model and you can go by
that so I did

I built a model of whole thing and they took
the measurements during the quarter inch equals a foot

Everything in the model is actually to scale

and then I had it there in the house and a
bear got in before I had this door and destroyed it

So this was a bear that did that

He didn’t like the design, I don’t know

Yes but I did ‘Defender of the Crown’
on this, sitting in there

We made cedar boxes there either side of
the screen

And cold, so it heats and air conditions and
then it flows down into the lot with underground

five feet down where it’s always fifty-five
degrees

So heat and cool just for the price of the
electricity

So I flew to Commodore headquarters in Westchester,
Pennsylvania and grabbed one of the executives

and and I had a copy of my Saucer Tag game
which looked pretty pretty professional you

know I'd nice packaging and stuff
On the basis of that they gave me a developer

status on the Amiga
I still had to buy one, they didn't give me

an Amiga but they gave me all of the tools
that RJ and all the Dale Luck and everybody

had written in order to allow people to program
on the Amiga

And went home and and immediately started
doing graphics that neither I or anybody else

had ever seen before

I saw ‘Defender of the Crown’
it was as I remember it a full-colour spread

of the castle scene with a catapult of Defender
of the Crown and it blew my socks off

It was a complete game changer to see something
so beautiful, so artistic and almost photographic

from a computer was something that I had never
seen before
It was a complete game changer to see something
so beautiful, so artistic and almost photographic

from a computer was something that I had never
seen before

My mind was made up then I obviously needed
an Amiga

Defender of the Crown was was the scenario
was written by Kellyn Beck and he was he approached

Bob Jacob who was a producer at the time with
the idea of doing one of the first Amiga games

as a cinematic game based on the movie Ivanhoe

At that launch of the Amiga 1000 in Europe
was pretty amazing and that really started

it all
And because of those relationships I had both

with the factories and the vendors in the
Far East, the engineers in Westchester, Pennsylvania,

the engineers in Los Gatos, California and
all the customers for the Amiga in Europe

That's what brought me to the alignment of
the planets that got the Amiga 500 to say

‘okay let me see if I can get this to a
point where we can dramatically make a difference

in terms of the cost of this product and make
it available to a lot more people’

Now I couldn't afford an Amiga 1000 but fortunately
Commodore did then a wonderful thing they

introduced the Amiga 500; which allowed my
mum to buy me one in 1987 I think it was

And what a wonderful machine the Amiga 500
was it brought the power of the Amiga to the masses

It really did create a software market;

a hardware market and brought wonderful technology
to the average person

Batman of course set the set the whole barometer
because it was a movie that was anticipated

probably like never before and probably never
since as that as that one particularly was

And I've got the most amazing respect for
ocean software having the guts to go along

with that idea but that's where that's where
the I mean the whole idea the concept is correct

something which is bigger than the sum of
the parts
with that idea but that's where that's where
the I mean the whole idea the concept is correct

something which is bigger than the sum of
the parts

And and we specifically had the Amiga as a
very small ‘oh by the way there's an Amiga

in the Box’
It wasn't about selling; if you remember I

came up with a concept ‘from now on we don't
sell computers we sell dreams’ and that's

what we did and everything we’d produce
was a dream

We had Dale luck come to Westchester we had
Bart Whitebook come to Westchester so you

know we didn't want to lose the software guys
but unfortunately couldn’t help it

some people moved on

There’s a lot more to do on the on the Amiga
2000 because nothing had been done really

the the 500 I think at that point was pretty
close to finished

The lightning storm in Texas; the Lightning
came through the phone line and zapped my

128D
Fortunately I had insurance so with the the

insurance money I purchased my first Amiga,
it was Amiga 2000

So you could see my progression to Amiga was
actually an act of God or at least that's

what it said in the insurance policy

No they did the sidecar for the A1000 but
they wanted to they wanted to make an Amiga

that would just take a regular PC card and
use slots that were like IBM slots

So they came up with this idea of the Amiga
2000, which at that time was really just the

A1000 design with the expansion board from
the Zorro added on to it

At the same time that I was working on the
Amiga 500 there was a team in Braunschweig

Germany building an Amiga 2000
Because really the 1000 was it was trying

to service two markets with one computer in
it it couldn't really do that too well

You know it's too expensive for the home and
not expandable enough for the for a serious

user
So you ended up with a 500 and 2000 and that

was really a pivotal step in the Amiga to
make that successful
user
So you ended up with a 500 and 2000 and that

was really a pivotal step in the Amiga to
make that successful

So you had people like NewTek that made the
Video Toaster in the United States they could

do amazing things with a 2000 because now
they can plug a card in

And you had you know high school and college
kids that could afford to buy an Amiga and

get into programming or graphic design where
they couldn't do that before

I ended up getting getting a job at the Commodore
working for Andy Finkel initially

I had thought about cutting my hair before
that because I had long hair at the time

It's like you know ‘I think I'm just going
to go down and see if they accept me as I

am’ and they did and so I I and Bryce Nesbitt
both started around the same time
It's like you know ‘I think I'm just going
to go down and see if they accept me as I

am’ and they did and so I I and Bryce Nesbitt
both started around the same time

When the 600 was introduced; by the way it
was supposed to be called the A300 because

it was supposed to cost less
And it turns out that the team of engineers

that they put on designing this cost reducing
the 600 couldn't out cost reduce Jeff’s

500 so they ended up having to call that a 600
because it actually cost more
that they put on designing this cost reducing
the 600 couldn't out cost reduce Jeff’s

500 so they ended up having to call that a 600
because it actually cost more

So and they still went into production with
it but so now you've got two computers that

are pretty much pretty similar right and how
do you how do you market that

And so the Germans saw this and they said
“well why do we need a 600 when the 500

is cheaper and does at least as good a job?

When Mehdi made the decision that probably
put the final nail in the coffin of Commodore,

which was to launch the the 1200 with double
A but but not commit to enough chips to make

the entire production for Christmas be the
1200

Instead he built like 300,000 old chips at
five hundreds and most of which stayed in
the entire production for Christmas be the
1200

Instead he built like 300,000 old chips at
five hundreds and most of which stayed in

the warehouse because who wants to buy the
old machine when you can get the brand-new

machine with more colours and faster processor
and everything else

The 1200 wasn't actually available in volume
until like December and so you pretty much

missed the Christmas season
So if you introduced the 1200 in November

and you only had a limited supply you're only
going to frustrate people at Christmastime

that they can't buy the computer that they
really want to buy

A lot of things that were going wrong at all
at the same time in those days and it was

pretty it was pretty obvious to us all
It's just you know you're technology people

and you've sort of gotten along thinking that
every problem is solved by technology and

it's certainly not in that you know

The idea was that when we launched the CD32,
which was planned for the late spring early

summer of the following year they would have
had games that were written specifically for

CD32
And then he comes to me says “I want to

launch the CD32 for Christmas” and I fought
and fought and fought against it said “are

you mad?’
He said “what's wrong with you?

I said “first of all you're going to kill
the 1200”

“No don't be silly this is a completely
different product”

“You’re going to kill it” I said “but
not only that you're asking us to launch something

when there was no software written for it
and that is not good for us that wouldn't

that's crazy let's just keep it as we planned”
“I we need the money, we're in big financial

trouble, we need the extra sales”
And I kept saying to him “they're not going
that's crazy let's just keep it as we planned”
“I we need the money, we're in big financial

trouble, we need the extra sales”
And I kept saying to him “they're not going

to be extra sales; they may replace 1200 sales
but they're not going to be extra sales”

he wouldn't listen

So Commodore had this nasty habit of announcing
bad news after the close of business on Friday

And in you know and so they announced their
bankruptcy after the close of business on

Friday while a good portion of us were at Mike Sinz’

wedding and did not know that
You got to Randell's house and they had a

news article taped on the door so everyone
who went in would notice that you know note

that comma had gone out of business the night
before

We got a copy of the of the announcement that
was made to the worldwide press that's how

significant we weren't
We just got a copy the same as everybody else

did ‘Commodore announces liquidation and
so on

And they hadn’t even got the guts to pick
up the phone and say ‘thanks for all your

help but you know it didn't work we you know
we're declaring bankruptcy’

But there again you see I'm not surprised
about that I didn't have any regard for the

management I said apart from I had a fair
fondness for Irving Gould but I had no regard

for for the management side of Commodore International
And so I'm not surprised at how they handled things

I left before the end I was lucky I got out
whilst there were still severance money; my

stock options still had some value and not
only that but I left and went without paying

admission to the Software Publicists Association
meeting

And I went into a multimedia conference and
I was sitting in the audience; having been

multimedia personality the year in the UK
a few years before

And there's this panel discussion and that
moderator at the end of the panel says “Gail,

we have the mother of multimedia application
sitting in the audience, Gail is there anything

you would like to say?” and I thought ‘oh’
So I took a deep breath did one of the hardest

things I've ever done in my life I stood up
and said “yes I'd like to say I'm looking

for a job” and I got one

We were able to create a machine that was
low cost, so very powerful

Took the industry by storm for the longest
time was the video editing platform of the world

And that's what we wanted we wanted to create

a machine that anyone could use and that anyone
could afford; that anyone could understand

But it I didn't know that we would be as successful
as we were and how many millions of lives

we ended up touching with the thing that we
had created

And I often get emails from people who say
something like you know ‘hi just wanted
we ended up touching with the thing that we
had created

And I often get emails from people who say
something like you know ‘hi just wanted

to drop in and thank you for that Amiga computer
thing that you did; it would inspired me to

get a job in computer graphics or it inspired
me to get a job in commercial development

or game development
And I get these wonderful letters from people

that each and every one of them is like gold
to me

It's it validates what we believed from the
beginning that we could create a machine that

would open up people to new capabilities that
they they had

And to reveal to themselves the sorts of things
they might be able to do with their lives

And and and we were so successful at that
I'm delighted to say I'm I'm proud to say

that that that part of our mission we were
able to accomplish
And and and we were so successful at that
I'm delighted to say I'm I'm proud to say

that that that part of our mission we were
able to accomplish

I'm at Amiga 32 Germany and just bloody look
at it

How many people are here?
It’s it's just absolutely crazy

They are still showing brand-new software
they are writing for a computer that I developed

34 years ago that I thought would merely be
a museum piece

And the gaming industry and the Amiga fans
have kept it alive in a way that I could have

never imagined

I think that that 8-bit sound is the musical
equivalent of candy

It speaks of childhood but it speaks of something
more

It speaks of a kind of uplifting, joyous celebration
of everything that childhood represents

It is safety, it is warmth and above all it's
fun

Yes there has been quite a nice retro revival
over the last few years

There's constantly games being released and
you know like Steam and other platforms and

that recreate the vibe of the old days

Yes I some times look back and think if I’d
have known this stuff was going to last this

long I'd probably have been taking it a bit
more seriously

This crazy room with 500 plus people here
in Germany

Thirty years later celebrating that amazing
computer and the technology that went into it

You'll have this purple, throbbing Amiga monster
in all your houses controlling everything

to get rid of these Macintoshes and these
PCs and and I-Pads and all that

Let's go back to the roots of Amiga

We started a YouTube channel called the ‘Guru
Meditation’ named after the famous guru

meditation error you get when your Amiga crashes
and we have a sense of humour

My name is Mark Cale I’m from system 3
What does Commodore mean to me? Well it means

passion and it was a life changer for us all
our best games came from the Commodore 64

and the Amiga

And they can look back and say ‘oh I had
one of those’ or ‘I wanted something like that'

so it's it's really fun for me
to be able to share what I have with everybody here

My name's Andy Spencer and I’m Dean Payne
and we are the Retro Computer Museum

Next year March 2018 the home computer museum
will be open in Helmond, The Netherlands

Me and some friends even visiting the Amiga
30 in Mountain View California; because why not?

And then to England, Germany and everywhere
it was like crazy

I’m that passionate about Commodore and
Amiga that I engraved my iPhone with the Amiga logo

We’re currently in Cardiff in Wales attending
the A-EON DEVCON 2017

I'm hopeful of the work we're doing and the
work the community is doing as a whole

will ensure the future of the Amiga you know for
the next 10, 20, 30 years and I'm going to

make sure that my grandson knows about Amiga
and and actually will have his own

I'm here at revival 2017 the Rivals with Dave
Perry from Gamesmaster on stage behind me

I went onto the television shows and began
doing TV and to this day the Commodore Amiga

is still my favourite gaming machine

My time with the Commodore 64 was usually
at my friend's house

I used to go over there every day, every weekend
play some games

There was this lovely shiny, beige bread bin
sitting on the table with a few games

How little they knew what was going to happen
for the next thirty years hence

This is the 1541 ultimate II what you can
do with this is you can connect an SD card

or a USB flash drive to load Commodore 64 games

Yes I think right now we're looking at about
four thousand ultimate ultimate tools that

are now in the field so that's quite quite
many

They wanted to spend their fifty-pences and
two pounds and three pounds whatever

I can't remember how much these games were
And they they were they wanted to make this

device do something you know so that doesn't
exist today

I got my first Commodore 64 and it was the
first release of the 64C

So I had the slim line model and to begin
with that slim line model I still have and

it still works to this day

64 bytes is a series of short videos released
weekly that introduce a various aspect of

programming Commodore 64

I keep the actual C64 here for occasional
testing even though I do most of my development

on the modern computer
And I keep this old TV here because it actually

has a really blurry picture and so it's actually
helped me redefine some of the graphics

a little bit to make them a little easier to
view

This is where mega comes in
This is the original C65 as mentioned;

the one where Zed Yago demo was coded on

And this is what we have made it's basically the same

Hi everybody
Zach Weddington here; director of Viva Amiga

and I am on the set of the Commodore story

‘Billion to nothing and just about three
that's

a strange kind of genius that Mehdi Ali’
Because that was a billion dollar company;

three years down the tubes to nothing
a strange kind of genius that Mehdi Ali’
Because that was a billion dollar company;

three years down the tubes to nothing

We are looking back on the retro scene from
technology of 30 years ago but even today

the technology of tomorrow is being developed
And they're using the Amiga technology

And yes I’m sat here with my Amiga PI, which
I built

It just shows you that what they did really
was truly something very special

Don’t want some you know person walking
down the street with an Atari t-shirt and

you know breaking out into a fight with some
of the Commodore t-shirt that would be bad

‘Jack Buster's who ya gonna call’ is an
original Amiga t-shirt; very rare

This is actually from workbench 2.0
Computer people at that time were you know

had a bad sense of humour
This is the famous ‘Commodore supports its floppy’s’

So that trip that I mentioned, the 60th anniversary
of the clearing of the Lodz Ghetto

So there were my parents, my aunt and uncle,
my mother's sister's husband and a bunch of

that generations kids and then that generations
kids

And there's a wonderful picture of us taken
in Birkenau at the end of the railway line

I am here at the National Museum of Computing,
which is located in the historic Block H of

Bletchley Park
So behind me is the Harwell Dekatron -

it's original name
It is now the world's oldest working computer

I'll be building a computer museum in my office
In the second story of my office there's a

platform that will have a Commodore 64 running
those games and several Amigas

I still have the original Amiga 1000 that
I did all the graphics for ‘Defender of

the Crown’ on and it still works fine and
it's all the monitors and everything that go with it

I've got CD32s; I've got CDTVs; I've got Amiga 4000

Amiga 2000s, just everything And so those
will be lined up with all of their monitors

running in my little computer museum
I can, anytime I want a bit of nostalgia,

I can just go up to the second story and look
at that

Commodore indeed was a pioneering company
and changed many, many lives

including mine
The retro scene over the last few years seems

to be growing and growing
And you know all I want to say is you should

embrace your inner 8-bit and 16-bit passion
and continue on the retro ride

[beeps]

[Music]

I'd like to dedicate this to my mom, without
her I wouldn't be here today