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1
00:00:38,471 --> 00:00:40,336
Is there or is there not
a magma chamber underneath
2
00:00:40,473 --> 00:00:41,701
Yellowstone National Park?
3
00:00:41,841 --> 00:00:42,535
Oh yes.
4
00:00:43,510 --> 00:00:45,375
And is this magma chamber
of sufficient size
5
00:00:45,512 --> 00:00:48,538
that if there was an eruption
there it could potentially
6
00:00:48,681 --> 00:00:50,148
be rated as a super-eruption?
7
00:00:50,283 --> 00:00:52,478
Yes. Could, right, precisely.
Could.
8
00:00:54,120 --> 00:00:56,247
If there is an eruption then
there is a good possibility
9
00:00:56,389 --> 00:00:58,721
that it's going to be
a moderate one.
10
00:01:01,327 --> 00:01:02,294
This isn't enough, Rick.
11
00:01:02,429 --> 00:01:03,862
If there's even the slightest chance
of this happening,
12
00:01:03,997 --> 00:01:05,089
I want to know what that means.
13
00:01:05,932 --> 00:01:11,370
Then we would be looking at between
2-3000 cubic kilometres of rock,
14
00:01:11,504 --> 00:01:15,133
gas and ash erupting across
the United States
15
00:01:16,276 --> 00:01:19,404
in a pattern
that looks like this.
16
00:01:24,851 --> 00:01:27,183
...expects an eruption any time soon
17
00:01:27,420 --> 00:01:31,914
And possibly with devastating
consequences for America and the world.
18
00:01:32,125 --> 00:01:33,592
Jesus, Rick,
just be honest with me.
19
00:01:33,726 --> 00:01:34,385
I' m being honest with you.
20
00:01:34,527 --> 00:01:34,925
Are you?
21
00:01:35,061 --> 00:01:35,493
Yes.
22
00:01:35,628 --> 00:01:37,789
If this is going to be a big eruption,
you've got to come with us.
23
00:01:37,997 --> 00:01:40,795
I don't need you to tell me
what harmonic tremor means.
24
00:01:41,434 --> 00:01:43,163
If I upgrade to a Red everyone's
going to think that
25
00:01:43,303 --> 00:01:44,998
we've got a super-eruption
on our hands.
26
00:01:46,606 --> 00:01:50,372
I am not going to be held responsible
for some kind of mass panic.
27
00:01:51,878 --> 00:01:53,038
Mr Lieberman, Mr Lieberman.
28
00:01:53,179 --> 00:01:53,975
Yes hang on, hang on.
29
00:01:54,114 --> 00:01:54,978
Yes.
30
00:01:55,115 --> 00:01:57,583
Are you still denying the possibility
of a super-eruption?
31
00:01:58,985 --> 00:02:01,954
It's twice as likely as an asteroid
strike according to some experts.
32
00:02:02,288 --> 00:02:05,223
And half as unlikely as being struck
by lightening, Miss Chin.
33
00:02:05,358 --> 00:02:07,349
And how many of us
lose sleep over that?
34
00:02:26,546 --> 00:02:27,979
Sit down, the captain
hasn't even turned
35
00:02:28,114 --> 00:02:29,342
the fasten your seat belt sign off.
36
00:02:32,986 --> 00:02:36,888
This is is Matt. It's started!
37
00:03:00,613 --> 00:03:01,272
Hey Bob.
38
00:03:01,781 --> 00:03:03,009
Nice dress,
l' m sorry to haul you away.
39
00:03:03,149 --> 00:03:04,810
I've got a problem.
Who have I got from USGS?
40
00:03:04,951 --> 00:03:05,417
No-one.
41
00:03:05,552 --> 00:03:05,950
What?
42
00:03:06,085 --> 00:03:07,780
I can't get through to their
field office at the moment.
43
00:03:09,489 --> 00:03:10,217
Hey Dave.
44
00:03:10,490 --> 00:03:11,889
Michael Eldridge is on his way over.
45
00:03:13,026 --> 00:03:14,857
Is this vacuum entry
all we have on it?
46
00:03:14,994 --> 00:03:16,621
Yes and it's only a projection.
47
00:03:16,763 --> 00:03:17,229
What?
48
00:03:17,363 --> 00:03:18,057
Yes.
49
00:03:19,399 --> 00:03:21,299
OK Air Force,
I need a plane up here as close
50
00:03:21,434 --> 00:03:22,924
as it can get to take
a look at this thing,
51
00:03:23,169 --> 00:03:24,727
Iet's brief the White House on
the little we know so far.
52
00:03:24,871 --> 00:03:26,532
Dave, get VACC on the line,
53
00:03:26,673 --> 00:03:28,106
I want to talk to
Governor Marshall in Wyoming,
54
00:03:28,241 --> 00:03:31,608
Joe Foster at Homeland and keep
trying the Yellowstone Field Office.
55
00:03:31,911 --> 00:03:34,243
And Bob, please get me
something else to where.
56
00:03:34,847 --> 00:03:36,007
Sure sure.
Mary?
57
00:03:52,365 --> 00:03:53,559
Jesus.
58
00:03:53,900 --> 00:03:55,026
Get up in the chopper.
59
00:03:55,268 --> 00:03:58,533
You need to take a look, Matt.
You need to see what's going on.
60
00:03:58,671 --> 00:04:00,605
Make contact with Dave,
let him know what's happening.
61
00:04:01,574 --> 00:04:02,438
Go!
62
00:04:04,544 --> 00:04:05,568
Are you OK?
63
00:04:12,819 --> 00:04:14,446
Sir there are no cellphones
permitted on this aircraft.
64
00:04:14,587 --> 00:04:15,918
Field office, I understand,
I need to speak to...
65
00:04:16,055 --> 00:04:18,922
Sir, I have to ask you to
turn your phone off.
66
00:04:19,058 --> 00:04:20,389
My name is Richard Lieberman,
67
00:04:20,526 --> 00:04:22,926
I' m a scientist in charge of
Yellowstone Volcano Observatory,
68
00:04:23,062 --> 00:04:24,529
I' m receiving news of
an emergency here that could
69
00:04:24,664 --> 00:04:26,962
affect the flight path
and safety of this aircraft.
70
00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:28,328
My God has something happened?
71
00:04:28,468 --> 00:04:30,459
I need to speak to the captain,
please.
72
00:04:30,770 --> 00:04:31,634
OK.
73
00:04:40,580 --> 00:04:42,639
Dave, come in Dave, this is Matt.
74
00:04:43,683 --> 00:04:44,547
Dammit.
75
00:04:45,752 --> 00:04:47,617
Dave, this is Matt.
76
00:04:47,854 --> 00:04:51,085
Matt, it's me. I' m heading out
to Bozeman, where are you?
77
00:04:51,391 --> 00:04:53,552
Just at the north east of Norris.
78
00:04:53,793 --> 00:04:54,691
What do you see?
79
00:04:55,528 --> 00:05:00,158
It's a single vent, moderate size,
for the moment.
80
00:05:00,466 --> 00:05:02,058
How far from Bozeman are you?
81
00:05:02,268 --> 00:05:03,132
About an hour.
82
00:05:03,836 --> 00:05:07,135
OK listen, Rick is on his
way back from Washington.
83
00:05:07,407 --> 00:05:09,398
We got shaken up pretty good back
at the field office,
84
00:05:09,542 --> 00:05:11,942
it's completely down,
what can you do for us?
85
00:05:12,378 --> 00:05:14,141
I' ll be up and running
in 30 minutes.
86
00:05:17,784 --> 00:05:20,116
It's been estimated that
within the first hour
87
00:05:20,687 --> 00:05:24,589
1 00 million tonnes of pumice,
rock and ash were ejected.
88
00:05:25,091 --> 00:05:27,525
Powered out by something
with the explosive force
89
00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:29,560
of 1 000 Hiroshima bombs.
90
00:05:31,831 --> 00:05:34,732
Then the wind carried the top
of the column eastwards.
91
00:05:35,468 --> 00:05:38,335
Within an hour or so,
pumice and ash began to fall
92
00:05:38,471 --> 00:05:41,304
on towns 100s of miles away
from Yellowstone.
93
00:05:41,874 --> 00:05:47,779
Cody, Billings, ldaho Falls,
Bozeman, where Dave was.
94
00:05:50,416 --> 00:05:51,110
Can you give me a hand?
95
00:05:51,250 --> 00:05:53,548
I've just got a few things in the
back of the truck to unload.
96
00:05:54,253 --> 00:05:55,550
Thanks a lot.
97
00:05:55,755 --> 00:05:57,620
Rick, Rick it's Dave.
98
00:05:57,857 --> 00:06:01,588
Dave. Listen,
has this seismic activity,
99
00:06:01,728 --> 00:06:03,559
has it triggered an eruption?
100
00:06:03,896 --> 00:06:06,387
Yes, Matt said it's a single vent.
101
00:06:06,632 --> 00:06:09,100
OK. Dave I need to determine
the size of this vent,
102
00:06:09,235 --> 00:06:11,100
I need to do that as soon
as possible, alright?
103
00:06:11,404 --> 00:06:12,496
All the equipment's down and
104
00:06:12,638 --> 00:06:14,196
Matt can't get a clear
view from the chopper.
105
00:06:14,340 --> 00:06:15,500
Just put that down anywhere.
106
00:06:15,641 --> 00:06:17,233
I' m booting up a link to,
hang on...
107
00:06:17,377 --> 00:06:19,538
please tell me you have
a high speed data port.
108
00:06:19,746 --> 00:06:20,770
Oh yes its right over there.
109
00:06:21,013 --> 00:06:21,775
Oh thank god, thank you.
110
00:06:21,914 --> 00:06:25,577
Sorry, Rick, yes l' ll have a
satellite uplink in a few minutes.
111
00:06:25,785 --> 00:06:28,618
Should be able to see the ash cloud
and l' ll patch into VACC.
112
00:06:28,821 --> 00:06:29,651
OK you listen, Dave,
113
00:06:29,789 --> 00:06:32,087
I need you to talk to
Michael Eldridge in Washington,
114
00:06:32,225 --> 00:06:33,214
OK, get a hold of him,
115
00:06:33,359 --> 00:06:35,759
just you know inform him
about what's happening.
116
00:06:35,995 --> 00:06:39,522
And tell him that we need him to
declare a Red Level 3 emergency,
117
00:06:39,665 --> 00:06:41,656
alright, have you got that?
Red Level 3.
118
00:06:41,801 --> 00:06:42,597
I got it.
119
00:06:44,871 --> 00:06:46,395
Alright, and if this
vent gets any bigger,
120
00:06:46,539 --> 00:06:48,939
or anything else opens up,
then I need to know about that, Dave.
121
00:06:49,208 --> 00:06:50,140
Will do, boss.
122
00:07:11,030 --> 00:07:12,895
We' re wrecked in there.
123
00:07:13,132 --> 00:07:16,329
We need to get out of here fast,
Nancy get in the chopper go.
124
00:07:16,536 --> 00:07:17,366
Me? Why?
125
00:07:17,503 --> 00:07:19,596
Because I say so, go.
126
00:07:19,806 --> 00:07:22,775
No you' re hurt, Jock,
we' ll take the truck, you go.
127
00:07:23,009 --> 00:07:24,442
You go, you need a doctor!
128
00:07:24,577 --> 00:07:26,442
For Christ's sake man do what I say!
129
00:07:26,579 --> 00:07:27,637
Go Jock.
130
00:07:42,528 --> 00:07:44,189
Get going!
131
00:08:20,666 --> 00:08:21,860
You never know, right!
132
00:08:35,481 --> 00:08:38,473
Oh my god, do you see it?
Faster!
133
00:08:42,188 --> 00:08:46,284
It's a surge, go on, up,
we can't outrun it, go up.
134
00:09:04,577 --> 00:09:06,670
Was the field office too close?
135
00:09:07,547 --> 00:09:09,310
With hindsight, yes,
136
00:09:09,782 --> 00:09:12,478
but you have to be close to get
accurate information.
137
00:09:13,553 --> 00:09:18,320
And no-one could have anticipated
the size of that surge,
138
00:09:18,457 --> 00:09:20,755
its direction or it's speed.
139
00:09:22,228 --> 00:09:26,358
Pyroclastic surges can travel at up
to 800km per hour
140
00:09:26,766 --> 00:09:29,633
with temperatures
of up to 500 degrees.
141
00:09:31,304 --> 00:09:34,102
They incinerate everything in
their path, absolutely everything.
142
00:09:35,641 --> 00:09:39,577
It's a hell coming towards you.
143
00:09:42,281 --> 00:09:43,908
They didn't stand a chance.
144
00:09:44,817 --> 00:09:45,749
All of them?
145
00:09:45,952 --> 00:09:48,978
They were about to leave the field
office when I last spoke to them...
146
00:09:49,121 --> 00:09:50,281
Are you sure?
147
00:09:50,456 --> 00:09:52,219
Yes, l' m sure.
I've just talked with them.
148
00:09:52,358 --> 00:09:56,692
Oh Jesus.
Alright where's Jock?
149
00:09:56,829 --> 00:09:58,126
On his way to Bozeman
in the chopper.
150
00:09:58,264 --> 00:09:59,595
Are you at USGS?
151
00:09:59,732 --> 00:10:02,166
No, no, l' m walking into FEMA now,
just hang on.
152
00:10:07,740 --> 00:10:09,799
Listen l' m going to pass you
over to Wendy,
153
00:10:10,109 --> 00:10:11,269
I've got Dave Price on the line,
154
00:10:11,410 --> 00:10:13,002
he's in a backup field
office in Bozeman.
155
00:10:13,145 --> 00:10:14,043
OK let's patch him through,
156
00:10:14,180 --> 00:10:16,614
everyone this is
Michael Eldridge from USGS.
157
00:10:17,283 --> 00:10:19,308
Dave, this is Wendy Reiss at FEMA.
158
00:10:19,452 --> 00:10:21,852
Do you have any update on the size
of the eruption?
159
00:10:22,088 --> 00:10:25,353
Yes, Jock Galvin left
the scene by chopper
160
00:10:25,491 --> 00:10:27,925
a little while back and said
it was a single vent.
161
00:10:28,227 --> 00:10:33,062
But the GPS and SRl data show signs
of swelling all over the park,
162
00:10:33,199 --> 00:10:35,190
increasing earthquake swarms.
163
00:10:35,935 --> 00:10:37,368
My guess is it's only
a matter of time
164
00:10:37,503 --> 00:10:39,494
before we see new vents opening up.
165
00:10:41,173 --> 00:10:43,403
Thank you Dave, stay on the line
and keep us up to date.
166
00:10:43,776 --> 00:10:44,708
Will do.
167
00:10:45,478 --> 00:10:47,878
Denver, bring all SR teams
to standby.
168
00:10:48,014 --> 00:10:51,040
Inform Governor Marshall this can be
bigger than anticipated.
169
00:10:51,283 --> 00:10:52,477
Are we recommending evac?
170
00:10:52,685 --> 00:10:54,414
It's his call
but we are advising against,
171
00:10:54,553 --> 00:10:56,248
it's safer inside than on a highway.
172
00:11:00,192 --> 00:11:01,819
Well as I was saying,
our flight plan has us
173
00:11:01,961 --> 00:11:05,624
about 348 nautical miles south of
Yellowstone at our closest point.
174
00:11:05,998 --> 00:11:08,796
So if ash from your
volcano does head our way,
175
00:11:08,934 --> 00:11:11,095
the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre
will divert us long
176
00:11:11,237 --> 00:11:12,568
before we get anywhere near it.
177
00:11:12,705 --> 00:11:15,333
OK, how often does VACC check
the satellite?
178
00:11:15,574 --> 00:11:16,734
About every half hour.
179
00:11:16,942 --> 00:11:17,874
We can put in a
call now for an update
180
00:11:18,010 --> 00:11:19,068
if it would make you feel better.
181
00:11:19,412 --> 00:11:23,781
Yes, I'd appreciate that,
if you'd keep me informed, thank you.
182
00:11:23,916 --> 00:11:24,575
Sure.
183
00:11:28,387 --> 00:11:31,754
Wow wohh! Boze ldaho is reporting
a city-wide blackout?
184
00:11:32,191 --> 00:11:34,455
I' m getting reports of rolling
blackouts west of Yellowstone.
185
00:11:34,727 --> 00:11:36,456
Ash fallen power in relay stations.
186
00:11:37,196 --> 00:11:38,993
OK tell our FEMA offices in Montana,
187
00:11:39,131 --> 00:11:40,655
Nebraska, Utah, the Dakotas,
188
00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:41,892
to shut down their power grids
189
00:11:42,034 --> 00:11:43,865
and switch to back up
generators as of now.
190
00:11:44,003 --> 00:11:46,631
And make sure those generators
protect against the ash.
191
00:11:46,872 --> 00:11:49,170
I'd also advise you to shut down all
air conditioning units.
192
00:11:49,308 --> 00:11:50,400
The ash will get everywhere.
193
00:11:50,743 --> 00:11:52,005
OK. All federal buildings
need to seal up
194
00:11:52,144 --> 00:11:53,577
and start recycling their clear air.
195
00:12:01,754 --> 00:12:03,779
FEMA this is Air Force Trigger Two.
196
00:12:03,923 --> 00:12:05,288
Go ahead Trigger Two.
197
00:12:05,691 --> 00:12:10,526
I' m now monitoring the eruption
column at flight level 5 0 0.
198
00:12:10,663 --> 00:12:14,224
Indications are low of 2 9 0
the wind is westerly
199
00:12:14,366 --> 00:12:18,268
but above that it appears around
to 3 3 7 degrees north north west.
200
00:12:18,404 --> 00:12:18,995
Hank, Hank.
201
00:12:19,138 --> 00:12:20,605
Have you got those co-ordinates?
202
00:12:24,643 --> 00:12:26,634
2 9 0 the wind is westerly...
203
00:12:29,348 --> 00:12:32,943
Oh man, that's directly across
major commercial air routes.
204
00:12:34,487 --> 00:12:36,546
Hank I want all air space across
the central USA cleared
205
00:12:36,689 --> 00:12:38,418
and put east and west coasts
on stand by.
206
00:12:38,557 --> 00:12:42,357
Michael, where is your guy,
I need him here?
207
00:12:42,495 --> 00:12:43,189
Rick Lieberman?
208
00:12:43,329 --> 00:12:44,387
Yes.
209
00:12:44,697 --> 00:12:45,925
He's in there somewhere
210
00:12:47,833 --> 00:12:49,130
He was flying back tonight.
211
00:12:52,772 --> 00:12:56,071
Anyone need a blanket.
There you go.
212
00:13:01,514 --> 00:13:02,139
So?
213
00:13:03,449 --> 00:13:04,780
It's a single vent.
214
00:13:05,351 --> 00:13:06,375
Single vent?
215
00:13:06,519 --> 00:13:07,451
Yes.
216
00:13:07,920 --> 00:13:09,945
So, Mount St Helens, then.
217
00:13:10,089 --> 00:13:10,646
Yes.
218
00:13:10,790 --> 00:13:11,222
Like you said
219
00:13:11,357 --> 00:13:12,483
Yeah, yeah.
220
00:13:18,430 --> 00:13:19,454
What's that?
221
00:13:19,698 --> 00:13:20,323
What?
222
00:13:22,001 --> 00:13:23,992
That smell.
223
00:13:26,639 --> 00:13:27,731
Sulphur.
224
00:13:29,775 --> 00:13:30,571
Oh Jesus.
225
00:13:36,448 --> 00:13:38,916
We're flying into the ash cloud.
226
00:13:39,051 --> 00:13:40,416
We've lost both engines.
227
00:13:40,553 --> 00:13:42,350
It's on back hold,
I have control.
228
00:13:42,488 --> 00:13:43,455
You have control?
229
00:13:43,589 --> 00:13:45,147
Right, beginning.
230
00:13:49,595 --> 00:13:53,497
Mayday,
mayday we have lost both engines,
231
00:13:53,632 --> 00:13:55,429
repeat lost both engines.
232
00:13:56,602 --> 00:13:58,627
Start the drill.
233
00:14:02,775 --> 00:14:06,142
Denver Centre, Denver Centre,
this is??
234
00:14:08,214 --> 00:14:09,977
Sir take your seat now.
235
00:14:11,517 --> 00:14:12,484
Mayday.
236
00:14:29,869 --> 00:14:31,461
Dave are you getting this?
237
00:14:31,804 --> 00:14:32,896
Yes yes I got it.
238
00:14:33,706 --> 00:14:35,571
Does the guy have a zoom,
can you get him to zoom in?
239
00:14:35,808 --> 00:14:37,139
Trigger two, can you zoom in?
240
00:14:42,114 --> 00:14:46,107
Wait.
Oh. You see that, Michael?
241
00:14:48,053 --> 00:14:48,985
Another one?
242
00:14:49,688 --> 00:14:52,885
Yes. Yes that's vent number
two opened up now.
243
00:14:55,361 --> 00:14:58,330
While it was just a
single eruptive column there was
244
00:14:58,464 --> 00:15:00,398
still a chance
that things would be OK.
245
00:15:01,500 --> 00:15:09,202
But the second eruption,
clearly there was so much magma
246
00:15:09,575 --> 00:15:11,372
and pressure in the chamber
247
00:15:11,543 --> 00:15:13,943
that it couldn't vent through
a single column.
248
00:15:14,446 --> 00:15:15,708
Instead the whole
249
00:15:15,848 --> 00:15:19,784
caldera began to unzip in a series
of smaller eruptions.
250
00:15:20,786 --> 00:15:26,486
Once that started, we had no idea
how long it would go on for.
251
00:15:26,825 --> 00:15:28,816
Days, weeks, months.
252
00:15:30,629 --> 00:15:32,221
We just didn't know.
253
00:15:41,373 --> 00:15:45,673
Wing anti ice.
Engine anti ice. APU.
254
00:15:56,155 --> 00:15:58,623
Ladies and gentleman,
this is Captain Franks,
255
00:15:59,091 --> 00:16:03,050
we' ll shortly be making a
precautionary landing at Cheyenne.
256
00:16:04,563 --> 00:16:08,192
Thank god,
I thought we were done for.
257
00:16:08,334 --> 00:16:10,325
The ash cloud has blasted
the cockpit window.
258
00:16:10,569 --> 00:16:12,002
We are landing blind.
259
00:16:13,005 --> 00:16:17,169
Back of the seat in front of you,
fasten your hands under your feet.
260
00:16:17,910 --> 00:16:28,286
Brace. Brace. Brace. Brace. Brace.
Brace...
261
00:16:55,014 --> 00:16:56,140
We are getting reports
of large numbers fleeing
262
00:16:56,281 --> 00:16:58,044
into Canada along
interstate 15 and 29,
263
00:16:58,183 --> 00:16:59,741
we' re linking Nebraskas
on stand by to evacuate.
264
00:16:59,885 --> 00:17:01,785
Stand them down,
I need to clear those roads.
265
00:17:01,920 --> 00:17:04,184
And get me a transportation update
on the coastguard.
266
00:17:04,456 --> 00:17:06,890
The airforce is evacuating its planes
at the bases of Mineot,
267
00:17:07,026 --> 00:17:09,460
Grand Forks, Elthris,
Nellis, Kurtland, Offen,
268
00:17:09,595 --> 00:17:10,425
Peterson, Edwards.
269
00:17:10,562 --> 00:17:12,052
Is there anywhere
they are not evacuating?
270
00:17:12,598 --> 00:17:13,622
East coast basically.
271
00:17:13,966 --> 00:17:14,830
Oh thank you.
272
00:17:15,134 --> 00:17:16,465
Wyoming's declared
a state of emergency,
273
00:17:16,602 --> 00:17:18,297
they have asked for a
federal disaster to be called.
274
00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:19,596
Did you get that Denver?
275
00:17:19,838 --> 00:17:24,275
Guys, you guys, it looks like we have
got another vent opened up.
276
00:17:25,310 --> 00:17:26,868
Oh god, three vents open.
277
00:17:27,513 --> 00:17:29,242
Michael,
how bad is this going to get?
278
00:17:42,828 --> 00:17:43,590
Hello?
279
00:17:43,729 --> 00:17:44,559
Hey, it's me.
280
00:17:44,696 --> 00:17:46,095
Rick, where are you?
281
00:17:47,533 --> 00:17:48,795
What's that noise?
282
00:17:49,001 --> 00:17:52,960
It's sirens. Listen,
Yellowstone's erupted.
283
00:17:53,172 --> 00:17:53,661
What?
284
00:17:53,806 --> 00:17:54,534
I can't talk now,
285
00:17:54,673 --> 00:17:58,040
I' m with Ken and we are making for
the FEMA office in Denver.
286
00:17:58,243 --> 00:17:58,834
Denver, why?
287
00:17:58,977 --> 00:18:00,842
And when I get there,
l' ll call you.
288
00:18:01,046 --> 00:18:01,808
No no, wait a minute.
289
00:18:01,947 --> 00:18:05,849
Listen, Fi, you know I feel...
hello?
290
00:18:06,018 --> 00:18:06,916
Rick.
291
00:18:07,286 --> 00:18:08,412
Are you there?
292
00:18:08,654 --> 00:18:09,643
Rick.
293
00:18:16,161 --> 00:18:17,128
Shit.
294
00:18:21,533 --> 00:18:23,763
Initial reports suggest that
a team of scientists
295
00:18:23,902 --> 00:18:27,030
from the US Geological Survey,
who were monitoring
296
00:18:27,172 --> 00:18:29,902
the site from a field office within
the park itself,
297
00:18:30,042 --> 00:18:31,373
have been killed.
298
00:18:31,610 --> 00:18:33,908
The local towns of
West Yellowstone and Bozeman
299
00:18:34,046 --> 00:18:37,174
...are being evacuated amid scenes
of panic and confusion.
300
00:18:37,316 --> 00:18:38,112
What's going on?
301
00:18:38,250 --> 00:18:38,944
Shhh!
302
00:18:39,084 --> 00:18:41,678
Well meanwhile, the growing ash cloud
is spreading south
303
00:18:41,820 --> 00:18:43,253
and east from Yellowstone,
304
00:18:43,388 --> 00:18:47,586
raining down its potentially lethal
contents across a vast area.
305
00:18:47,893 --> 00:18:51,385
The ash is bringing the roads and
freeways to a total standstill.
306
00:18:54,466 --> 00:18:57,799
Find military installations.
Hang on.
307
00:18:59,805 --> 00:19:03,400
OK. OK.
308
00:19:04,276 --> 00:19:07,837
There is a military installation
about four clicks this way.
309
00:19:08,714 --> 00:19:10,579
They might have a com link to FEMA.
310
00:19:10,949 --> 00:19:12,109
We' re not going to walk.
311
00:19:12,317 --> 00:19:14,285
We can't stay here, Ken.
Pop the trunk.
312
00:19:14,419 --> 00:19:17,217
No Rick, Rick,
for god's sake, Rick.
313
00:19:17,356 --> 00:19:19,449
It's volcanic ash,
we can't go out in it.
314
00:19:19,625 --> 00:19:22,253
When Vesuvius erupted the people of
Pompeii stayed in their houses.
315
00:19:22,394 --> 00:19:23,759
How do we know that, Ken?
316
00:19:24,263 --> 00:19:26,959
Because they were preserved
in volcanic ash, right.
317
00:19:31,436 --> 00:19:32,960
We'd already seen
from previous eruptions,
318
00:19:33,105 --> 00:19:35,130
Mount St Helens, Montserrat,
319
00:19:35,274 --> 00:19:38,300
Pinatubo, we'd already seen
the terrible damage
320
00:19:38,443 --> 00:19:40,877
that even small amounts
of volcanic ash can do.
321
00:19:42,214 --> 00:19:44,842
If it gets in your eyes
it can blind you.
322
00:19:45,417 --> 00:19:48,648
When it's breathed in it
will mix with the moisture
323
00:19:48,787 --> 00:19:51,347
in your lungs to form
a suffocating cement.
324
00:19:52,925 --> 00:19:59,091
It's also unbelievably dense.
Just 20 cm can collapse a roof.
325
00:19:59,464 --> 00:20:01,694
Half that amount
if the ash gets wet.
326
00:20:04,436 --> 00:20:06,563
Only people living
within a 1 00km radius
327
00:20:06,705 --> 00:20:10,232
of Yellowstone had been evacuated.
Everyone else
328
00:20:10,375 --> 00:20:13,503
caught under the ash cloud
was in serious danger.
329
00:20:15,581 --> 00:20:16,775
Dave are you getting this?
330
00:20:17,115 --> 00:20:19,675
Yes l' m seeing it.
Two more vents makes five;
331
00:20:19,818 --> 00:20:21,786
I'd say the caldera
is definitely opening up.
332
00:20:22,054 --> 00:20:23,043
What do you think, Michael?
333
00:20:23,222 --> 00:20:24,450
I concur with that.
334
00:20:33,799 --> 00:20:34,925
Dave are we losing you?
335
00:20:35,100 --> 00:20:38,433
I believe that's here on the roof,
hold on.
336
00:20:55,754 --> 00:20:57,221
It's pumice coming down hard.
337
00:20:58,123 --> 00:21:00,284
Dave you have got to get out
of there now.
338
00:21:00,425 --> 00:21:01,187
What? And go where?
339
00:21:01,326 --> 00:21:03,590
What, you've got a secret highway
no-one knows about?
340
00:21:03,762 --> 00:21:05,491
What about the people in the motel?
341
00:21:05,831 --> 00:21:08,061
Some have gone
but most have stayed inside,
342
00:21:08,200 --> 00:21:09,292
hoping to ride it out.
343
00:21:10,736 --> 00:21:12,966
Man, l' m just hoping the room
service guy' s still around.
344
00:21:30,589 --> 00:21:32,716
This is it. This is it.
345
00:21:45,137 --> 00:21:46,468
Hello is anyone...
346
00:21:50,976 --> 00:21:52,068
Is anybody there?
347
00:21:58,483 --> 00:21:59,643
Please state your business.
348
00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:05,549
Yes.
My name is Richard Lieberman,
349
00:22:05,691 --> 00:22:07,818
is your communication
equipment working?
350
00:22:08,060 --> 00:22:09,084
Yes sir it is.
351
00:22:09,861 --> 00:22:13,160
You need to contact Wendy Reiss
at FEMA in Washington,
352
00:22:13,298 --> 00:22:15,596
it's Richard Lieberman, YVO.
353
00:22:17,135 --> 00:22:18,261
Just hold on a second.
354
00:22:19,137 --> 00:22:20,069
Oh shit.
355
00:22:30,482 --> 00:22:33,474
Yes she's here, don't hang up.
Wendy.
356
00:22:36,388 --> 00:22:40,017
Wendy Reiss. Let him in,
give him anything he wants.
357
00:22:40,892 --> 00:22:42,416
They have found Rick Lieberman.
358
00:22:54,639 --> 00:22:55,970
I'm Sergeant Geoffrey Johnson,
359
00:22:56,108 --> 00:22:57,541
hope you guys understand
the precautions?
360
00:22:58,410 --> 00:22:59,934
Thanks Johnson!
361
00:23:00,078 --> 00:23:00,942
Yes thank you,
thank you for letting us in.
362
00:23:01,079 --> 00:23:02,307
There's water downstairs.
363
00:23:02,647 --> 00:23:03,841
Water. Thank you.
364
00:23:03,982 --> 00:23:05,142
After you guys.
365
00:23:15,627 --> 00:23:16,491
Follow me.
366
00:23:17,162 --> 00:23:18,026
What is this place?
367
00:23:18,263 --> 00:23:19,628
It's an old Cold War
bunker sometimes used
368
00:23:19,765 --> 00:23:21,858
as a relay station for NORAD.
369
00:23:22,033 --> 00:23:22,965
Are you based here?
370
00:23:23,101 --> 00:23:25,160
No sir I just service the equipment.
371
00:23:25,370 --> 00:23:27,930
I tour all these sites, spend two
or three days in each one.
372
00:23:28,106 --> 00:23:30,973
Have you got food
and water for five days?
373
00:23:31,176 --> 00:23:32,438
One man.
374
00:23:34,246 --> 00:23:36,146
The scale of the eruption
is still the subject
375
00:23:36,281 --> 00:23:38,909
of conflicting and confusing reports.
376
00:23:39,418 --> 00:23:43,149
While officials claim it is the small
to moderate event predicted,
377
00:23:43,288 --> 00:23:47,520
the ash cloud has spread well beyond
the area that's been evacuated.
378
00:23:47,692 --> 00:23:51,150
Prompting fears that the eruption
is much bigger than anticipated.
379
00:24:15,921 --> 00:24:21,086
Oh god.
I can't believe we forgot about this.
380
00:24:46,518 --> 00:24:47,382
Try that again.
381
00:24:52,190 --> 00:24:53,680
Ok, go back to what you had before?
382
00:24:53,992 --> 00:24:54,856
There we are.
383
00:24:56,161 --> 00:24:57,150
What do you make of it?
384
00:24:58,964 --> 00:25:00,397
Show me the satellite image.
385
00:25:01,032 --> 00:25:02,363
Mapping, bring up satellite.
386
00:25:07,239 --> 00:25:08,604
OK go closer.
387
00:25:10,942 --> 00:25:12,136
Oh it's amazing.
388
00:25:12,711 --> 00:25:15,839
OK can you give me
the thermal image?
389
00:25:22,621 --> 00:25:23,986
Hey Wylie what's he doing?
390
00:25:24,923 --> 00:25:26,515
Gauging how big the eruption is.
391
00:25:27,259 --> 00:25:28,920
Trying to figure how long
it will last.
392
00:25:32,197 --> 00:25:32,959
Well?
393
00:25:34,065 --> 00:25:37,057
Looks to me as if the
various vents are beginning
394
00:25:37,202 --> 00:25:39,500
to define the rim of a new caldera.
395
00:25:40,205 --> 00:25:43,231
So I suspect that eventually
they will all merge
396
00:25:43,375 --> 00:25:47,402
to unzip themselves into
a single massive vent.
397
00:25:47,979 --> 00:25:51,642
Rick, can you give me any idea of
how long this eruption will last?
398
00:25:52,050 --> 00:25:55,451
Well this looks about half as big again
as the previous caldera,
399
00:25:55,587 --> 00:25:56,849
so I think we are, you know,
400
00:25:56,988 --> 00:26:01,584
you' re looking
at something 60km by 90km.
401
00:26:01,927 --> 00:26:05,363
I mean we are looking
at an event on the scale
402
00:26:05,497 --> 00:26:07,829
of the Huckleberry Ridge eruption.
403
00:26:08,867 --> 00:26:11,802
The first at Yellowstone
and the biggest.
404
00:26:13,038 --> 00:26:13,936
And?
405
00:26:14,306 --> 00:26:20,336
And if that ejected 2500
cubic kilometres of material then
406
00:26:20,478 --> 00:26:22,605
we have to make some kind
407
00:26:22,747 --> 00:26:27,582
of estimate for the rate of ejection
and then you do the maths.
408
00:26:28,620 --> 00:26:29,382
And you've got your duration.
409
00:26:29,521 --> 00:26:30,647
Give me a figure, Rick.
410
00:26:30,989 --> 00:26:31,580
Say that again.
411
00:26:31,723 --> 00:26:33,281
A figure, give me a figure.
412
00:26:34,092 --> 00:26:35,150
Well you want me to guestimate?
413
00:26:35,293 --> 00:26:36,123
Yes.
414
00:26:37,162 --> 00:26:41,622
We are looking at a duration
of between five and nine days.
415
00:26:43,368 --> 00:26:45,063
But it doesn't matter how long it lasts,
416
00:26:45,270 --> 00:26:48,762
Wendy, make no mistake
we are looking at a VEl-8.
417
00:26:49,941 --> 00:26:51,203
So there's no question any more.
418
00:26:52,143 --> 00:26:54,077
What happened?
419
00:26:57,082 --> 00:26:59,778
We lost the link.
Let's get that signal back.
420
00:27:01,786 --> 00:27:03,083
VEl-8 Michael.
421
00:27:03,788 --> 00:27:04,880
Super-eruption.
422
00:27:05,256 --> 00:27:06,723
Worst case scenario?
423
00:27:07,092 --> 00:27:08,150
No it isn't.
424
00:27:09,194 --> 00:27:11,754
Jock Galvin he was at
the field office when...
425
00:27:11,896 --> 00:27:14,626
Worst case scenario
isn't a super-eruption.
426
00:27:14,766 --> 00:27:19,066
The worst case scenario is a
super-eruption which goes on and on.
427
00:27:19,971 --> 00:27:24,101
If a volcano ejects more than 1000
cubic kilometres of magma,
428
00:27:24,242 --> 00:27:25,834
it's a VEl-8.
429
00:27:26,444 --> 00:27:29,208
The magma chamber under
Yellowstone has the
430
00:27:29,347 --> 00:27:33,010
capacity of 25000 cubic kilometres.
431
00:27:35,220 --> 00:27:41,056
Problem is, we don't know how much
of that is eruptible magma.
432
00:27:42,127 --> 00:27:46,086
But that, that is what will dictate
whether this eruption
433
00:27:46,231 --> 00:27:49,564
goes on for days or for weeks.
434
00:28:02,313 --> 00:28:05,874
By day three the volcano showed
no signs of slowing.
435
00:28:11,656 --> 00:28:15,422
The ash cloud had covered
three quarters of the United States.
436
00:28:16,594 --> 00:28:21,531
Cities like Chicago,
St Louis, Detroit, Minneapolis,
437
00:28:22,500 --> 00:28:24,229
they were at a total standstill.
438
00:28:25,403 --> 00:28:27,928
Roads, railways,
airports were all closed.
439
00:28:29,441 --> 00:28:33,104
The power supplies failed,
the water was polluted.
440
00:28:36,381 --> 00:28:39,942
Every day it moved eastwards
by another 1 50km.
441
00:28:41,786 --> 00:28:43,947
And all we could do
was sit and watch.
442
00:28:47,559 --> 00:28:49,083
So you guys are brothers in law?
443
00:28:50,729 --> 00:28:52,697
He married my sister,
I didn't approve.
444
00:28:53,331 --> 00:28:55,196
She needed some sanity in her life.
445
00:28:55,366 --> 00:28:56,663
Well she got that didn't she?
446
00:28:56,868 --> 00:28:59,928
Married to a man now who works on top
of an enormous volcano.
447
00:29:05,777 --> 00:29:07,005
Where is she now?
448
00:29:07,312 --> 00:29:10,543
Fiona? She's in London.
449
00:29:11,750 --> 00:29:15,083
Well. At least she's OK.
450
00:29:18,156 --> 00:29:22,684
She's not OK. She's not OK.
451
00:29:23,561 --> 00:29:24,892
As long as this eruption continues
452
00:29:25,029 --> 00:29:26,997
there's nobody on the
planet that's going to be OK.
453
00:29:27,132 --> 00:29:28,497
You can't afford to think like that,
Ken.
454
00:29:28,633 --> 00:29:32,296
Oh come on, toss a coin!
Heads we live.
455
00:29:32,537 --> 00:29:34,903
Tails we die. It's that random Rick!
456
00:29:35,240 --> 00:29:37,003
Don't you try and be reasonable.
Not now!
457
00:29:37,142 --> 00:29:37,574
Ken.
458
00:29:37,709 --> 00:29:39,301
Oh come on,
we are running out of water,
459
00:29:39,444 --> 00:29:42,538
we are running out of food,
the air is slowly turning to poison.
460
00:29:45,016 --> 00:29:46,415
Do you believe in God, sir?
461
00:29:51,623 --> 00:29:52,612
God?
462
00:29:52,757 --> 00:29:53,724
Yes.
463
00:29:59,197 --> 00:30:04,760
You think, you believe
this is all God's wrath, Johnson?
464
00:30:06,771 --> 00:30:08,295
I believe in his mercy.
465
00:30:09,874 --> 00:30:15,335
Oh, nice. Well you can go
outside and you can tell
466
00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:19,439
those 100s of 1000s of people
who have just died
467
00:30:19,584 --> 00:30:23,850
in this sudden cataclysmic eruption
of god's mercy.
468
00:30:23,988 --> 00:30:24,647
This is not helping, Ken.
469
00:30:24,789 --> 00:30:26,654
I' m not trying to help, Rick.
470
00:30:27,992 --> 00:30:30,085
You expect optimism at the end
of the world, mmm?
471
00:30:30,228 --> 00:30:33,254
Well if that's what it is,
then you should probably
472
00:30:33,498 --> 00:30:35,489
go upstairs and take a big gulp
of air then.
473
00:30:37,302 --> 00:30:40,237
Because otherwise what are
we sitting down here for?
474
00:30:41,406 --> 00:30:43,874
Are we delaying the inevitable,
is that what we are doing?
475
00:30:47,912 --> 00:30:49,436
In my book, that's exactly
what we are doing.
476
00:30:49,581 --> 00:30:51,515
Well in my book,
I'd like to think that
477
00:30:51,649 --> 00:30:53,844
I'd get to see Fiona and Will again.
478
00:30:55,653 --> 00:30:58,417
You know and Johnson that
he gets to see his family,
479
00:30:59,090 --> 00:31:01,285
I think as long as we remain focussed
480
00:31:01,426 --> 00:31:03,451
on that we' re going to be
a lot better off.
481
00:31:06,431 --> 00:31:10,492
Yes well, my book's more pessimistic.
482
00:31:13,404 --> 00:31:14,996
Yes well your books always are.
483
00:31:24,482 --> 00:31:27,246
We have no clear idea of
how long it might last
484
00:31:27,619 --> 00:31:31,316
or what devastation it might wreak...
485
00:31:34,893 --> 00:31:38,021
Listen to the advice of your
local emergency services.
486
00:31:38,162 --> 00:31:41,131
Follow it. May God be with you all.
487
00:31:41,332 --> 00:31:43,596
Hundreds of thousands of
US citizens are homeless
488
00:31:43,735 --> 00:31:46,135
as they've fled from the ash cloud
that now covers
489
00:31:46,271 --> 00:31:48,068
three quarters of the country.
490
00:31:48,806 --> 00:31:50,171
Thousands of others have been trapped
491
00:31:50,308 --> 00:31:52,435
in their homes and the
Federal Emergency Management
492
00:31:52,577 --> 00:31:56,536
Agency admits it could be weeks
before they can get aid to them.
493
00:32:01,819 --> 00:32:04,549
Morning sir.
494
00:32:04,889 --> 00:32:06,049
Morning all.
495
00:32:12,997 --> 00:32:15,761
One hour ago Air Force One took
off from Andrews en route
496
00:32:15,900 --> 00:32:18,130
to a military bunker in Florida.
497
00:32:19,537 --> 00:32:21,300
That information does not
leave this room.
498
00:32:22,707 --> 00:32:25,540
We can't run a country under
several feet of volcanic ash,
499
00:32:25,677 --> 00:32:28,669
but some sections of the media will
still say she's running away.
500
00:32:28,913 --> 00:32:30,778
Now, can we get to business.
501
00:32:30,915 --> 00:32:33,042
Wendy, how many people
in the fall out zones?
502
00:32:33,184 --> 00:32:34,446
About 25million.
503
00:32:38,456 --> 00:32:40,321
Casualty estimate so far?
504
00:32:41,693 --> 00:32:42,853
In the immediate zone,
505
00:32:42,994 --> 00:32:45,622
90 percent excluding those
that got out early.
506
00:32:46,064 --> 00:32:49,363
In zone two we estimate
1 0 percent mortality,
507
00:32:49,500 --> 00:32:51,297
that's approximately
35,000 people.
508
00:32:51,569 --> 00:32:55,733
Zone three, 5 percent mortality,
that's 1 22,000 people.
509
00:32:56,174 --> 00:32:59,837
Zone four, 3 percent mortality,
85,000 people.
510
00:32:59,978 --> 00:33:05,883
Zone five estimate one percent
mortality, 220,000 people.
511
00:33:06,517 --> 00:33:08,644
Total estimated deaths
for the first week,
512
00:33:08,786 --> 00:33:13,280
462,000 and that's assuming
zone one is clear.
513
00:33:17,028 --> 00:33:18,427
These are all from the ash?
514
00:33:18,629 --> 00:33:21,223
Mainly. Either directly
from ash inhalation
515
00:33:21,366 --> 00:33:23,357
or indirectly from roof
and building collapse
516
00:33:23,568 --> 00:33:25,536
or power failures, especially
in the hospital.
517
00:33:25,670 --> 00:33:27,535
So ash related accidents.
518
00:33:28,006 --> 00:33:29,974
Sir, standard advice
to people was that they
519
00:33:30,108 --> 00:33:31,905
store enough food and water
for only three days.
520
00:33:32,110 --> 00:33:33,543
Today is day three.
521
00:33:36,114 --> 00:33:37,342
Then, what are we going to do?
522
00:33:38,883 --> 00:33:41,579
Oh excuse me.
Wendy Reiss.
523
00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:45,681
Look even when it ends,
we won't be able to fly
524
00:33:45,823 --> 00:33:47,120
for weeks with the
ash still blowing around.
525
00:33:47,258 --> 00:33:48,520
So what are we actually talking about?
526
00:33:48,659 --> 00:33:51,787
You find a way, you don't
just write off 25million people.
527
00:33:52,030 --> 00:33:54,828
Good put him through.
We've got Rick Lieberman here.
528
00:33:57,502 --> 00:33:59,060
Rick can you hear me?
529
00:33:59,337 --> 00:34:02,966
Yes, hang on, yes we got you.
530
00:34:04,675 --> 00:34:07,508
Rick we have four more vents
open since yesterday.
531
00:34:09,047 --> 00:34:11,914
Alright has Dave been
able to model these?
532
00:34:12,483 --> 00:34:14,144
We can't raise Dave.
533
00:34:15,586 --> 00:34:17,110
Say that again.
534
00:34:18,089 --> 00:34:20,614
I' m sorry Rick,
we can't raise Dave.
535
00:34:24,529 --> 00:34:26,156
Secretary Foster here, Rick.
536
00:34:27,432 --> 00:34:29,866
We need to know how long this
eruption is going to last,
537
00:34:30,001 --> 00:34:32,595
so we can plan how to
rescue 25million people.
538
00:34:34,305 --> 00:34:36,000
With all due respect Mr Foster
539
00:34:36,140 --> 00:34:38,574
I think you've got to
change your game plan.
540
00:34:39,444 --> 00:34:43,005
I mean what you have told people is
to stay put and to sit this out.
541
00:34:43,147 --> 00:34:44,910
And to wait for your help.
542
00:34:45,349 --> 00:34:49,012
I believe there is simply no realistic
way for you to honour that sir.
543
00:34:49,720 --> 00:34:53,156
And I think that if you do people are
going to die waiting for you.
544
00:34:56,961 --> 00:34:59,191
You need to retract your advice.
545
00:35:03,167 --> 00:35:05,897
You need to retract your advice.
546
00:35:06,037 --> 00:35:08,369
You need to tell them to come to you.
547
00:35:08,573 --> 00:35:11,667
Mr Lieberman, FEMA will draw on
every resource possible
548
00:35:11,809 --> 00:35:14,437
to rescue these people,
that's our federal obligation.
549
00:35:14,579 --> 00:35:16,740
Sir this is not about protocol,
550
00:35:17,014 --> 00:35:21,280
Mr Foster, this is about survival
and nothing more.
551
00:35:21,586 --> 00:35:28,651
When this ash fall stops and
the air starts to clear,
552
00:35:28,893 --> 00:35:31,953
the people who are
trapped like we are,
553
00:35:32,196 --> 00:35:33,561
are going to start walking.
554
00:35:33,998 --> 00:35:36,262
They are going to
start walking rather
555
00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:37,958
than stay here and wait to die.
556
00:35:38,703 --> 00:35:40,762
And they are certainly
not going to make it,
557
00:35:40,905 --> 00:35:42,463
sir, without your help.
558
00:35:42,740 --> 00:35:47,336
You need to help us.
You need to tell us where to walk.
559
00:35:47,478 --> 00:35:50,470
We need to have supplies dropped
for us along the way.
560
00:35:50,615 --> 00:35:52,606
I mean if we are going
to walk for life,
561
00:35:52,750 --> 00:35:55,583
then it's up to you guys...
to help us...
562
00:35:56,888 --> 00:35:57,912
Damn it.
563
00:35:59,724 --> 00:36:01,658
He wants people
to walk through the ash?
564
00:36:03,561 --> 00:36:04,892
Is he crazy?
565
00:36:17,808 --> 00:36:21,369
I just keep thinking, how could
I have done something different?
566
00:36:23,681 --> 00:36:25,615
You know, should I have done
something different?
567
00:36:25,850 --> 00:36:29,616
You know just been more decisive
or stronger if
568
00:36:29,754 --> 00:36:32,382
I could have made the call earlier,
569
00:36:32,590 --> 00:36:35,525
you know, maybe that
would have changed things
570
00:36:36,027 --> 00:36:38,393
Maybe that would
have saved some lives.
571
00:36:39,197 --> 00:36:41,688
I guess that's up to
other people to judge.
572
00:36:43,134 --> 00:36:47,537
And my family, it's them who
will be left with the fallout...
573
00:36:50,942 --> 00:36:54,275
Now these,
these men that l' m with,
574
00:36:55,146 --> 00:37:00,743
they think that if we stay put that
we are going to be rescued.
575
00:37:01,319 --> 00:37:05,983
But I honest to God
believe that if we just wait,
576
00:37:06,123 --> 00:37:08,284
if we just watch and wait,
577
00:37:08,826 --> 00:37:11,693
I honest to god think that
we are as good as dead.
578
00:37:27,078 --> 00:37:30,013
By day five over 2000
cubic kilometres
579
00:37:30,147 --> 00:37:33,742
of ash and pumice had been dumped
across the United States.
580
00:37:34,452 --> 00:37:38,855
2500 times more than
the fallout from Mount St Helens,
581
00:37:38,990 --> 00:37:41,117
but that was only
about 1 0 percent of
582
00:37:41,259 --> 00:37:42,988
what was in the magma chamber.
583
00:37:43,628 --> 00:37:46,426
How much more would come
out depended on how much
584
00:37:46,564 --> 00:37:48,862
more eruptible magma
was down there.
585
00:37:49,934 --> 00:37:51,834
The country was already
on its knees.
586
00:37:52,103 --> 00:37:55,163
Thousands of people were dead,
millions of others homeless.
587
00:37:55,706 --> 00:37:56,832
If it didn't stop soon,
588
00:37:59,644 --> 00:38:02,408
well, let's just say
we were running out of options.
589
00:38:06,117 --> 00:38:07,607
We have just received reports that
590
00:38:07,752 --> 00:38:11,188
Mexican authorities closed the
border four hours ago.
591
00:38:11,989 --> 00:38:14,856
According to aid workers in the area,
3million people
592
00:38:14,992 --> 00:38:18,450
have now gathered at the Mexican border,
many of them...
593
00:38:18,696 --> 00:38:24,032
...without shelter, food or money.
Maggie Chin, KCVZ News.
594
00:38:24,568 --> 00:38:25,865
They have closed the border?
595
00:38:26,537 --> 00:38:27,868
To US citizens yes.
596
00:38:28,072 --> 00:38:30,097
That's totally unacceptable;
they are condemning people to death.
597
00:38:30,308 --> 00:38:32,208
The Mexicans say they
can't cope with the numbers.
598
00:38:32,376 --> 00:38:33,638
Well we are going to have
to kick some ass.
599
00:38:34,078 --> 00:38:35,477
Oh I think the President might feel
that right now
600
00:38:35,613 --> 00:38:37,513
is a bad time to invade Mexico,
Bob.
601
00:38:39,050 --> 00:38:40,347
Can we move on?
602
00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:43,218
Yes sir.
603
00:38:44,588 --> 00:38:49,389
Alright our best case scenario is if
the eruption stops in two days.
604
00:38:49,860 --> 00:38:52,693
If that's the case, access to zones
one and two won't
605
00:38:52,830 --> 00:38:55,958
be possible until at least three
to four weeks after that.
606
00:38:56,167 --> 00:38:57,794
So it's unlikely
we' ll find any survivors.
607
00:38:58,402 --> 00:39:00,962
We can start supply drops into
zones three through five
608
00:39:01,105 --> 00:39:03,733
about two weeks after
the eruption ends,
609
00:39:03,874 --> 00:39:05,171
if the weather is with us.
610
00:39:05,409 --> 00:39:06,899
But it's going to have
to be piecemeal,
611
00:39:07,278 --> 00:39:08,677
depending on whether
the satellite can find
612
00:39:08,813 --> 00:39:10,405
clean skies for the aircraft.
613
00:39:10,815 --> 00:39:11,839
That's too long.
614
00:39:13,217 --> 00:39:14,650
What about Rick's walk to life?
615
00:39:15,553 --> 00:39:18,386
We can't advise people
to walk through the ash.
616
00:39:19,023 --> 00:39:20,149
It's just too dangerous.
617
00:39:20,391 --> 00:39:23,326
So are we asking people just to sit
there and starve to death?
618
00:39:25,162 --> 00:39:27,323
There are 100s of 1000s,
maybe millions of
619
00:39:27,465 --> 00:39:31,993
people stumbling around out there,
looking for help.
620
00:39:51,355 --> 00:39:52,481
Sir.
621
00:39:56,861 --> 00:40:00,661
Alright. We' ll go with walk to life.
622
00:40:01,799 --> 00:40:05,895
I need to hear a plan out of this room
as to how to do that, fast.
623
00:40:06,837 --> 00:40:07,861
Right.
624
00:40:19,617 --> 00:40:20,276
Well?
625
00:40:20,484 --> 00:40:21,212
It's still raining.
626
00:40:21,585 --> 00:40:22,244
Ash?
627
00:40:23,788 --> 00:40:26,484
Save the battery,
you' re going to need it outside.
628
00:40:38,769 --> 00:40:39,861
Johnson.
629
00:40:41,005 --> 00:40:41,767
Yeah.
630
00:40:42,706 --> 00:40:44,606
Won't the Airforce
be looking for you?
631
00:40:45,943 --> 00:40:46,739
For me?
632
00:40:46,944 --> 00:40:50,710
Yes, you know,
leave no man behind and all that.
633
00:40:55,052 --> 00:40:56,280
That's the Rangers.
634
00:40:58,589 --> 00:41:01,649
So the Airforce does
leave men behind?
635
00:41:04,462 --> 00:41:05,656
I guess.
636
00:41:07,364 --> 00:41:09,389
Should have joined the rangers.
637
00:41:12,136 --> 00:41:15,162
Cheyenne's our best bet.
We should head there.
638
00:41:18,476 --> 00:41:24,642
FEMA, FEMA knows we are here.
They will send somebody.
639
00:41:25,149 --> 00:41:28,607
Kenny, FEMA' s got 25million
people to save.
640
00:41:29,520 --> 00:41:31,886
By the time they find us
we' ll have starved to death.
641
00:41:35,860 --> 00:41:37,350
What if we eat Johnson?
642
00:41:39,230 --> 00:41:41,130
Ha ha, try it man.
643
00:41:42,166 --> 00:41:45,101
Definitely a book in this
when we get out, ha ha.
644
00:41:46,070 --> 00:41:50,473
I don't know, one doesn't like
to say I told you so.
645
00:41:57,948 --> 00:42:02,885
We assumed that when all events merged
together to form a new caldera,
646
00:42:03,420 --> 00:42:06,821
then the pressure would drop and the
eruption would stop,
647
00:42:07,024 --> 00:42:08,218
that was our thinking.
648
00:42:08,726 --> 00:42:14,722
Then on day seven, our seismographs
began to pick up massive quakes
649
00:42:14,865 --> 00:42:19,234
and we realised that the ground
within the new caldera rim was
650
00:42:19,370 --> 00:42:22,737
beginning to collapse,
collapse into the empty space
651
00:42:22,873 --> 00:42:25,205
Ieft by the ejected magma.
652
00:42:33,350 --> 00:42:34,874
That's all the major drop points.
653
00:42:35,119 --> 00:42:36,814
The Pentagon has 45,000 pallets,
654
00:42:36,954 --> 00:42:40,446
800 planes and 560 choppers ready
to go as soon as it is safe to fly.
655
00:42:40,558 --> 00:42:41,422
Information leaflets?
656
00:42:41,559 --> 00:42:42,856
With the ash jumpers
and in all the pallets.
657
00:42:42,993 --> 00:42:44,221
You need to see this.
658
00:42:52,036 --> 00:42:52,627
Does this mean?
659
00:42:52,770 --> 00:42:55,603
This means that the pressure
holding the eruption
660
00:42:55,739 --> 00:42:58,936
column in the air
is beginning to drop.
661
00:43:01,612 --> 00:43:03,546
It's a good thing,
it's a good thing.
662
00:43:07,718 --> 00:43:09,117
And now to the news that
663
00:43:09,253 --> 00:43:10,379
America has been waiting for...
664
00:43:10,521 --> 00:43:12,785
...the end of the
super-volcanic eruption
665
00:43:12,923 --> 00:43:14,686
at Yellowstone National Park.
666
00:43:15,192 --> 00:43:21,859
At 9.17am local time, the eruption
column began to collapse
667
00:43:30,507 --> 00:43:33,203
Huge pyroclastic surges
which radiated
668
00:43:33,344 --> 00:43:36,404
out over 100 miles from the base
of the column.
669
00:43:36,614 --> 00:43:37,308
Overwhelming the
670
00:43:37,448 --> 00:43:40,349
US airforce drone that's been
monitoring the eruption.
671
00:43:40,718 --> 00:43:43,551
Across America the overwhelming
task of trying to bring aid
672
00:43:43,687 --> 00:43:49,125
to the estimated 29million people
trapped by the ash fall begins.
673
00:43:49,593 --> 00:43:52,357
Authorities now admit it will
take weeks if not months
674
00:43:52,496 --> 00:43:55,158
to reach those trapped closest
to the volcano.
675
00:43:56,834 --> 00:43:59,826
We are going to head back towards the
interstate and then turn north.
676
00:44:01,038 --> 00:44:03,472
Any abandoned vehicles
we come across along the
677
00:44:03,607 --> 00:44:06,007
way I think we should
stop and check them
678
00:44:06,143 --> 00:44:09,601
for water in the washer bottle, food,
anything we can use OK.
679
00:44:10,214 --> 00:44:11,613
How far?
680
00:44:12,683 --> 00:44:16,449
Outskirts of Cheyenne
are approximately 25km.
681
00:44:20,224 --> 00:44:24,160
You know I've got to say, Richard,
this has been a crappy book so far.
682
00:44:31,135 --> 00:44:32,033
Flashlight!
683
00:44:35,372 --> 00:44:37,397
Hey, come on.
684
00:44:43,914 --> 00:44:48,510
Alright.
Alright OK. Alright.
685
00:46:02,259 --> 00:46:06,423
The global effects were not fully
felt until a month or
686
00:46:06,563 --> 00:46:08,588
so after the eruption had stopped.
687
00:46:10,300 --> 00:46:12,894
Billions of tones
of sulphur dioxide ejected
688
00:46:13,036 --> 00:46:17,632
by the volcano were wrapped their
way around the northern hemisphere,
689
00:46:19,176 --> 00:46:20,939
cutting down the sunlight.
690
00:46:22,846 --> 00:46:25,212
Within weeks temperatures
started to plummet.
691
00:46:26,183 --> 00:46:27,878
As much as 20 degrees
in some places.
692
00:46:28,018 --> 00:46:30,145
Then the aerosols
jumped to the equator
693
00:46:30,287 --> 00:46:33,882
...and started to cool
the southern hemisphere.
694
00:46:36,260 --> 00:46:42,096
The monsoon failed,
adding drought to the bitter cold.
695
00:46:46,570 --> 00:46:49,971
Climatologists say we' ll start
getting better in a few years.
696
00:46:51,642 --> 00:46:55,669
But let's just say I don't think
l' ll live to see another tan!
697
00:47:07,157 --> 00:47:11,093
The clear up, the scale
of what we still have to do,
698
00:47:11,228 --> 00:47:12,786
all this time on.
699
00:47:13,330 --> 00:47:15,730
80 percent of the USA covered by ash.
700
00:47:16,900 --> 00:47:19,869
20 percent rendered unusable
or uninhabitable,
701
00:47:20,938 --> 00:47:23,429
cities and towns
permanently abandoned.
702
00:47:23,974 --> 00:47:28,308
Billings, Cheyenne, Denver,
Salt Lake City.
703
00:47:30,380 --> 00:47:33,372
I don't know how we kept
going to be honest.
704
00:47:34,551 --> 00:47:39,181
I mean, just the animals,
the livestock.
705
00:47:40,023 --> 00:47:47,862
Millions dead, rotted where they fell.
And the people...
706
00:47:55,372 --> 00:48:00,400
If it hadn't been for walk to life,
7.3million lives saved.
707
00:48:03,981 --> 00:48:10,011
That was an achievement.
And it was Rick's achievement.
708
00:48:15,726 --> 00:48:18,752
Not knowing was the hardest part.
709
00:48:20,097 --> 00:48:23,533
He called from Cheyenne from the
airport with Ken.
710
00:48:25,769 --> 00:48:33,039
And then I didn't hear anything
until Michael Eldridge
711
00:48:33,176 --> 00:48:38,204
called from FEMA to say they
were in this bunker place.
712
00:48:40,183 --> 00:48:41,343
But safe.
713
00:48:44,254 --> 00:48:49,282
But then, when there was no news,
714
00:48:51,595 --> 00:48:53,893
I gave up all hope
of ever seeing them again.
715
00:49:07,878 --> 00:49:08,902
Are you OK?
716
00:49:12,983 --> 00:49:13,711
Sir.
717
00:49:14,618 --> 00:49:16,108
I believe this is yours.
718
00:49:31,168 --> 00:49:35,696
Why did I want to come back?
It's hard to say.
719
00:49:36,506 --> 00:49:39,566
To face the reality of
what nearly happened I suppose.
720
00:49:40,544 --> 00:49:44,002
How close we came to never leaving
this place at all.
721
00:49:49,853 --> 00:49:53,254
We were picked up in Cheyenne and
722
00:49:53,690 --> 00:49:57,717
when the ash finally stopped falling
we were transported to Denver.
723
00:50:00,397 --> 00:50:04,766
Where we waited with 1 000s of others
for our turn to be rescued.
724
00:50:06,103 --> 00:50:08,799
It would be three months until
the transatlantic routes
725
00:50:08,939 --> 00:50:13,103
opened up again and I made it
back to my family in England.
726
00:50:18,015 --> 00:50:20,347
But I soon realised couldn't
stay there,
727
00:50:21,618 --> 00:50:24,883
not until I had seen for myself
what had happened to Yellowstone,
728
00:50:27,024 --> 00:50:30,892
the place I'd spent my whole
life trying to understand.
729
00:50:37,968 --> 00:50:42,735
Things will get better,
they will eventually,
730
00:50:43,106 --> 00:50:47,475
nature will recover,
the world will recover.
731
00:50:48,779 --> 00:50:51,407
This after all is
not only how life ends,
732
00:50:52,115 --> 00:50:54,174
it's also how life begins.
733
00:50:55,952 --> 00:51:00,252
And one day, someday,
Yellowstone will erupt again.
734
00:51:02,926 --> 00:51:04,223
But not on my watch.
57168
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