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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:38,471 --> 00:00:40,336 Is there or is there not a magma chamber underneath 2 00:00:40,473 --> 00:00:41,701 Yellowstone National Park? 3 00:00:41,841 --> 00:00:42,535 Oh yes. 4 00:00:43,510 --> 00:00:45,375 And is this magma chamber of sufficient size 5 00:00:45,512 --> 00:00:48,538 that if there was an eruption there it could potentially 6 00:00:48,681 --> 00:00:50,148 be rated as a super-eruption? 7 00:00:50,283 --> 00:00:52,478 Yes. Could, right, precisely. Could. 8 00:00:54,120 --> 00:00:56,247 If there is an eruption then there is a good possibility 9 00:00:56,389 --> 00:00:58,721 that it's going to be a moderate one. 10 00:01:01,327 --> 00:01:02,294 This isn't enough, Rick. 11 00:01:02,429 --> 00:01:03,862 If there's even the slightest chance of this happening, 12 00:01:03,997 --> 00:01:05,089 I want to know what that means. 13 00:01:05,932 --> 00:01:11,370 Then we would be looking at between 2-3000 cubic kilometres of rock, 14 00:01:11,504 --> 00:01:15,133 gas and ash erupting across the United States 15 00:01:16,276 --> 00:01:19,404 in a pattern that looks like this. 16 00:01:24,851 --> 00:01:27,183 ...expects an eruption any time soon 17 00:01:27,420 --> 00:01:31,914 And possibly with devastating consequences for America and the world. 18 00:01:32,125 --> 00:01:33,592 Jesus, Rick, just be honest with me. 19 00:01:33,726 --> 00:01:34,385 I' m being honest with you. 20 00:01:34,527 --> 00:01:34,925 Are you? 21 00:01:35,061 --> 00:01:35,493 Yes. 22 00:01:35,628 --> 00:01:37,789 If this is going to be a big eruption, you've got to come with us. 23 00:01:37,997 --> 00:01:40,795 I don't need you to tell me what harmonic tremor means. 24 00:01:41,434 --> 00:01:43,163 If I upgrade to a Red everyone's going to think that 25 00:01:43,303 --> 00:01:44,998 we've got a super-eruption on our hands. 26 00:01:46,606 --> 00:01:50,372 I am not going to be held responsible for some kind of mass panic. 27 00:01:51,878 --> 00:01:53,038 Mr Lieberman, Mr Lieberman. 28 00:01:53,179 --> 00:01:53,975 Yes hang on, hang on. 29 00:01:54,114 --> 00:01:54,978 Yes. 30 00:01:55,115 --> 00:01:57,583 Are you still denying the possibility of a super-eruption? 31 00:01:58,985 --> 00:02:01,954 It's twice as likely as an asteroid strike according to some experts. 32 00:02:02,288 --> 00:02:05,223 And half as unlikely as being struck by lightening, Miss Chin. 33 00:02:05,358 --> 00:02:07,349 And how many of us lose sleep over that? 34 00:02:26,546 --> 00:02:27,979 Sit down, the captain hasn't even turned 35 00:02:28,114 --> 00:02:29,342 the fasten your seat belt sign off. 36 00:02:32,986 --> 00:02:36,888 This is is Matt. It's started! 37 00:03:00,613 --> 00:03:01,272 Hey Bob. 38 00:03:01,781 --> 00:03:03,009 Nice dress, l' m sorry to haul you away. 39 00:03:03,149 --> 00:03:04,810 I've got a problem. Who have I got from USGS? 40 00:03:04,951 --> 00:03:05,417 No-one. 41 00:03:05,552 --> 00:03:05,950 What? 42 00:03:06,085 --> 00:03:07,780 I can't get through to their field office at the moment. 43 00:03:09,489 --> 00:03:10,217 Hey Dave. 44 00:03:10,490 --> 00:03:11,889 Michael Eldridge is on his way over. 45 00:03:13,026 --> 00:03:14,857 Is this vacuum entry all we have on it? 46 00:03:14,994 --> 00:03:16,621 Yes and it's only a projection. 47 00:03:16,763 --> 00:03:17,229 What? 48 00:03:17,363 --> 00:03:18,057 Yes. 49 00:03:19,399 --> 00:03:21,299 OK Air Force, I need a plane up here as close 50 00:03:21,434 --> 00:03:22,924 as it can get to take a look at this thing, 51 00:03:23,169 --> 00:03:24,727 Iet's brief the White House on the little we know so far. 52 00:03:24,871 --> 00:03:26,532 Dave, get VACC on the line, 53 00:03:26,673 --> 00:03:28,106 I want to talk to Governor Marshall in Wyoming, 54 00:03:28,241 --> 00:03:31,608 Joe Foster at Homeland and keep trying the Yellowstone Field Office. 55 00:03:31,911 --> 00:03:34,243 And Bob, please get me something else to where. 56 00:03:34,847 --> 00:03:36,007 Sure sure. Mary? 57 00:03:52,365 --> 00:03:53,559 Jesus. 58 00:03:53,900 --> 00:03:55,026 Get up in the chopper. 59 00:03:55,268 --> 00:03:58,533 You need to take a look, Matt. You need to see what's going on. 60 00:03:58,671 --> 00:04:00,605 Make contact with Dave, let him know what's happening. 61 00:04:01,574 --> 00:04:02,438 Go! 62 00:04:04,544 --> 00:04:05,568 Are you OK? 63 00:04:12,819 --> 00:04:14,446 Sir there are no cellphones permitted on this aircraft. 64 00:04:14,587 --> 00:04:15,918 Field office, I understand, I need to speak to... 65 00:04:16,055 --> 00:04:18,922 Sir, I have to ask you to turn your phone off. 66 00:04:19,058 --> 00:04:20,389 My name is Richard Lieberman, 67 00:04:20,526 --> 00:04:22,926 I' m a scientist in charge of Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, 68 00:04:23,062 --> 00:04:24,529 I' m receiving news of an emergency here that could 69 00:04:24,664 --> 00:04:26,962 affect the flight path and safety of this aircraft. 70 00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:28,328 My God has something happened? 71 00:04:28,468 --> 00:04:30,459 I need to speak to the captain, please. 72 00:04:30,770 --> 00:04:31,634 OK. 73 00:04:40,580 --> 00:04:42,639 Dave, come in Dave, this is Matt. 74 00:04:43,683 --> 00:04:44,547 Dammit. 75 00:04:45,752 --> 00:04:47,617 Dave, this is Matt. 76 00:04:47,854 --> 00:04:51,085 Matt, it's me. I' m heading out to Bozeman, where are you? 77 00:04:51,391 --> 00:04:53,552 Just at the north east of Norris. 78 00:04:53,793 --> 00:04:54,691 What do you see? 79 00:04:55,528 --> 00:05:00,158 It's a single vent, moderate size, for the moment. 80 00:05:00,466 --> 00:05:02,058 How far from Bozeman are you? 81 00:05:02,268 --> 00:05:03,132 About an hour. 82 00:05:03,836 --> 00:05:07,135 OK listen, Rick is on his way back from Washington. 83 00:05:07,407 --> 00:05:09,398 We got shaken up pretty good back at the field office, 84 00:05:09,542 --> 00:05:11,942 it's completely down, what can you do for us? 85 00:05:12,378 --> 00:05:14,141 I' ll be up and running in 30 minutes. 86 00:05:17,784 --> 00:05:20,116 It's been estimated that within the first hour 87 00:05:20,687 --> 00:05:24,589 1 00 million tonnes of pumice, rock and ash were ejected. 88 00:05:25,091 --> 00:05:27,525 Powered out by something with the explosive force 89 00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:29,560 of 1 000 Hiroshima bombs. 90 00:05:31,831 --> 00:05:34,732 Then the wind carried the top of the column eastwards. 91 00:05:35,468 --> 00:05:38,335 Within an hour or so, pumice and ash began to fall 92 00:05:38,471 --> 00:05:41,304 on towns 100s of miles away from Yellowstone. 93 00:05:41,874 --> 00:05:47,779 Cody, Billings, ldaho Falls, Bozeman, where Dave was. 94 00:05:50,416 --> 00:05:51,110 Can you give me a hand? 95 00:05:51,250 --> 00:05:53,548 I've just got a few things in the back of the truck to unload. 96 00:05:54,253 --> 00:05:55,550 Thanks a lot. 97 00:05:55,755 --> 00:05:57,620 Rick, Rick it's Dave. 98 00:05:57,857 --> 00:06:01,588 Dave. Listen, has this seismic activity, 99 00:06:01,728 --> 00:06:03,559 has it triggered an eruption? 100 00:06:03,896 --> 00:06:06,387 Yes, Matt said it's a single vent. 101 00:06:06,632 --> 00:06:09,100 OK. Dave I need to determine the size of this vent, 102 00:06:09,235 --> 00:06:11,100 I need to do that as soon as possible, alright? 103 00:06:11,404 --> 00:06:12,496 All the equipment's down and 104 00:06:12,638 --> 00:06:14,196 Matt can't get a clear view from the chopper. 105 00:06:14,340 --> 00:06:15,500 Just put that down anywhere. 106 00:06:15,641 --> 00:06:17,233 I' m booting up a link to, hang on... 107 00:06:17,377 --> 00:06:19,538 please tell me you have a high speed data port. 108 00:06:19,746 --> 00:06:20,770 Oh yes its right over there. 109 00:06:21,013 --> 00:06:21,775 Oh thank god, thank you. 110 00:06:21,914 --> 00:06:25,577 Sorry, Rick, yes l' ll have a satellite uplink in a few minutes. 111 00:06:25,785 --> 00:06:28,618 Should be able to see the ash cloud and l' ll patch into VACC. 112 00:06:28,821 --> 00:06:29,651 OK you listen, Dave, 113 00:06:29,789 --> 00:06:32,087 I need you to talk to Michael Eldridge in Washington, 114 00:06:32,225 --> 00:06:33,214 OK, get a hold of him, 115 00:06:33,359 --> 00:06:35,759 just you know inform him about what's happening. 116 00:06:35,995 --> 00:06:39,522 And tell him that we need him to declare a Red Level 3 emergency, 117 00:06:39,665 --> 00:06:41,656 alright, have you got that? Red Level 3. 118 00:06:41,801 --> 00:06:42,597 I got it. 119 00:06:44,871 --> 00:06:46,395 Alright, and if this vent gets any bigger, 120 00:06:46,539 --> 00:06:48,939 or anything else opens up, then I need to know about that, Dave. 121 00:06:49,208 --> 00:06:50,140 Will do, boss. 122 00:07:11,030 --> 00:07:12,895 We' re wrecked in there. 123 00:07:13,132 --> 00:07:16,329 We need to get out of here fast, Nancy get in the chopper go. 124 00:07:16,536 --> 00:07:17,366 Me? Why? 125 00:07:17,503 --> 00:07:19,596 Because I say so, go. 126 00:07:19,806 --> 00:07:22,775 No you' re hurt, Jock, we' ll take the truck, you go. 127 00:07:23,009 --> 00:07:24,442 You go, you need a doctor! 128 00:07:24,577 --> 00:07:26,442 For Christ's sake man do what I say! 129 00:07:26,579 --> 00:07:27,637 Go Jock. 130 00:07:42,528 --> 00:07:44,189 Get going! 131 00:08:20,666 --> 00:08:21,860 You never know, right! 132 00:08:35,481 --> 00:08:38,473 Oh my god, do you see it? Faster! 133 00:08:42,188 --> 00:08:46,284 It's a surge, go on, up, we can't outrun it, go up. 134 00:09:04,577 --> 00:09:06,670 Was the field office too close? 135 00:09:07,547 --> 00:09:09,310 With hindsight, yes, 136 00:09:09,782 --> 00:09:12,478 but you have to be close to get accurate information. 137 00:09:13,553 --> 00:09:18,320 And no-one could have anticipated the size of that surge, 138 00:09:18,457 --> 00:09:20,755 its direction or it's speed. 139 00:09:22,228 --> 00:09:26,358 Pyroclastic surges can travel at up to 800km per hour 140 00:09:26,766 --> 00:09:29,633 with temperatures of up to 500 degrees. 141 00:09:31,304 --> 00:09:34,102 They incinerate everything in their path, absolutely everything. 142 00:09:35,641 --> 00:09:39,577 It's a hell coming towards you. 143 00:09:42,281 --> 00:09:43,908 They didn't stand a chance. 144 00:09:44,817 --> 00:09:45,749 All of them? 145 00:09:45,952 --> 00:09:48,978 They were about to leave the field office when I last spoke to them... 146 00:09:49,121 --> 00:09:50,281 Are you sure? 147 00:09:50,456 --> 00:09:52,219 Yes, l' m sure. I've just talked with them. 148 00:09:52,358 --> 00:09:56,692 Oh Jesus. Alright where's Jock? 149 00:09:56,829 --> 00:09:58,126 On his way to Bozeman in the chopper. 150 00:09:58,264 --> 00:09:59,595 Are you at USGS? 151 00:09:59,732 --> 00:10:02,166 No, no, l' m walking into FEMA now, just hang on. 152 00:10:07,740 --> 00:10:09,799 Listen l' m going to pass you over to Wendy, 153 00:10:10,109 --> 00:10:11,269 I've got Dave Price on the line, 154 00:10:11,410 --> 00:10:13,002 he's in a backup field office in Bozeman. 155 00:10:13,145 --> 00:10:14,043 OK let's patch him through, 156 00:10:14,180 --> 00:10:16,614 everyone this is Michael Eldridge from USGS. 157 00:10:17,283 --> 00:10:19,308 Dave, this is Wendy Reiss at FEMA. 158 00:10:19,452 --> 00:10:21,852 Do you have any update on the size of the eruption? 159 00:10:22,088 --> 00:10:25,353 Yes, Jock Galvin left the scene by chopper 160 00:10:25,491 --> 00:10:27,925 a little while back and said it was a single vent. 161 00:10:28,227 --> 00:10:33,062 But the GPS and SRl data show signs of swelling all over the park, 162 00:10:33,199 --> 00:10:35,190 increasing earthquake swarms. 163 00:10:35,935 --> 00:10:37,368 My guess is it's only a matter of time 164 00:10:37,503 --> 00:10:39,494 before we see new vents opening up. 165 00:10:41,173 --> 00:10:43,403 Thank you Dave, stay on the line and keep us up to date. 166 00:10:43,776 --> 00:10:44,708 Will do. 167 00:10:45,478 --> 00:10:47,878 Denver, bring all SR teams to standby. 168 00:10:48,014 --> 00:10:51,040 Inform Governor Marshall this can be bigger than anticipated. 169 00:10:51,283 --> 00:10:52,477 Are we recommending evac? 170 00:10:52,685 --> 00:10:54,414 It's his call but we are advising against, 171 00:10:54,553 --> 00:10:56,248 it's safer inside than on a highway. 172 00:11:00,192 --> 00:11:01,819 Well as I was saying, our flight plan has us 173 00:11:01,961 --> 00:11:05,624 about 348 nautical miles south of Yellowstone at our closest point. 174 00:11:05,998 --> 00:11:08,796 So if ash from your volcano does head our way, 175 00:11:08,934 --> 00:11:11,095 the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre will divert us long 176 00:11:11,237 --> 00:11:12,568 before we get anywhere near it. 177 00:11:12,705 --> 00:11:15,333 OK, how often does VACC check the satellite? 178 00:11:15,574 --> 00:11:16,734 About every half hour. 179 00:11:16,942 --> 00:11:17,874 We can put in a call now for an update 180 00:11:18,010 --> 00:11:19,068 if it would make you feel better. 181 00:11:19,412 --> 00:11:23,781 Yes, I'd appreciate that, if you'd keep me informed, thank you. 182 00:11:23,916 --> 00:11:24,575 Sure. 183 00:11:28,387 --> 00:11:31,754 Wow wohh! Boze ldaho is reporting a city-wide blackout? 184 00:11:32,191 --> 00:11:34,455 I' m getting reports of rolling blackouts west of Yellowstone. 185 00:11:34,727 --> 00:11:36,456 Ash fallen power in relay stations. 186 00:11:37,196 --> 00:11:38,993 OK tell our FEMA offices in Montana, 187 00:11:39,131 --> 00:11:40,655 Nebraska, Utah, the Dakotas, 188 00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:41,892 to shut down their power grids 189 00:11:42,034 --> 00:11:43,865 and switch to back up generators as of now. 190 00:11:44,003 --> 00:11:46,631 And make sure those generators protect against the ash. 191 00:11:46,872 --> 00:11:49,170 I'd also advise you to shut down all air conditioning units. 192 00:11:49,308 --> 00:11:50,400 The ash will get everywhere. 193 00:11:50,743 --> 00:11:52,005 OK. All federal buildings need to seal up 194 00:11:52,144 --> 00:11:53,577 and start recycling their clear air. 195 00:12:01,754 --> 00:12:03,779 FEMA this is Air Force Trigger Two. 196 00:12:03,923 --> 00:12:05,288 Go ahead Trigger Two. 197 00:12:05,691 --> 00:12:10,526 I' m now monitoring the eruption column at flight level 5 0 0. 198 00:12:10,663 --> 00:12:14,224 Indications are low of 2 9 0 the wind is westerly 199 00:12:14,366 --> 00:12:18,268 but above that it appears around to 3 3 7 degrees north north west. 200 00:12:18,404 --> 00:12:18,995 Hank, Hank. 201 00:12:19,138 --> 00:12:20,605 Have you got those co-ordinates? 202 00:12:24,643 --> 00:12:26,634 2 9 0 the wind is westerly... 203 00:12:29,348 --> 00:12:32,943 Oh man, that's directly across major commercial air routes. 204 00:12:34,487 --> 00:12:36,546 Hank I want all air space across the central USA cleared 205 00:12:36,689 --> 00:12:38,418 and put east and west coasts on stand by. 206 00:12:38,557 --> 00:12:42,357 Michael, where is your guy, I need him here? 207 00:12:42,495 --> 00:12:43,189 Rick Lieberman? 208 00:12:43,329 --> 00:12:44,387 Yes. 209 00:12:44,697 --> 00:12:45,925 He's in there somewhere 210 00:12:47,833 --> 00:12:49,130 He was flying back tonight. 211 00:12:52,772 --> 00:12:56,071 Anyone need a blanket. There you go. 212 00:13:01,514 --> 00:13:02,139 So? 213 00:13:03,449 --> 00:13:04,780 It's a single vent. 214 00:13:05,351 --> 00:13:06,375 Single vent? 215 00:13:06,519 --> 00:13:07,451 Yes. 216 00:13:07,920 --> 00:13:09,945 So, Mount St Helens, then. 217 00:13:10,089 --> 00:13:10,646 Yes. 218 00:13:10,790 --> 00:13:11,222 Like you said 219 00:13:11,357 --> 00:13:12,483 Yeah, yeah. 220 00:13:18,430 --> 00:13:19,454 What's that? 221 00:13:19,698 --> 00:13:20,323 What? 222 00:13:22,001 --> 00:13:23,992 That smell. 223 00:13:26,639 --> 00:13:27,731 Sulphur. 224 00:13:29,775 --> 00:13:30,571 Oh Jesus. 225 00:13:36,448 --> 00:13:38,916 We're flying into the ash cloud. 226 00:13:39,051 --> 00:13:40,416 We've lost both engines. 227 00:13:40,553 --> 00:13:42,350 It's on back hold, I have control. 228 00:13:42,488 --> 00:13:43,455 You have control? 229 00:13:43,589 --> 00:13:45,147 Right, beginning. 230 00:13:49,595 --> 00:13:53,497 Mayday, mayday we have lost both engines, 231 00:13:53,632 --> 00:13:55,429 repeat lost both engines. 232 00:13:56,602 --> 00:13:58,627 Start the drill. 233 00:14:02,775 --> 00:14:06,142 Denver Centre, Denver Centre, this is?? 234 00:14:08,214 --> 00:14:09,977 Sir take your seat now. 235 00:14:11,517 --> 00:14:12,484 Mayday. 236 00:14:29,869 --> 00:14:31,461 Dave are you getting this? 237 00:14:31,804 --> 00:14:32,896 Yes yes I got it. 238 00:14:33,706 --> 00:14:35,571 Does the guy have a zoom, can you get him to zoom in? 239 00:14:35,808 --> 00:14:37,139 Trigger two, can you zoom in? 240 00:14:42,114 --> 00:14:46,107 Wait. Oh. You see that, Michael? 241 00:14:48,053 --> 00:14:48,985 Another one? 242 00:14:49,688 --> 00:14:52,885 Yes. Yes that's vent number two opened up now. 243 00:14:55,361 --> 00:14:58,330 While it was just a single eruptive column there was 244 00:14:58,464 --> 00:15:00,398 still a chance that things would be OK. 245 00:15:01,500 --> 00:15:09,202 But the second eruption, clearly there was so much magma 246 00:15:09,575 --> 00:15:11,372 and pressure in the chamber 247 00:15:11,543 --> 00:15:13,943 that it couldn't vent through a single column. 248 00:15:14,446 --> 00:15:15,708 Instead the whole 249 00:15:15,848 --> 00:15:19,784 caldera began to unzip in a series of smaller eruptions. 250 00:15:20,786 --> 00:15:26,486 Once that started, we had no idea how long it would go on for. 251 00:15:26,825 --> 00:15:28,816 Days, weeks, months. 252 00:15:30,629 --> 00:15:32,221 We just didn't know. 253 00:15:41,373 --> 00:15:45,673 Wing anti ice. Engine anti ice. APU. 254 00:15:56,155 --> 00:15:58,623 Ladies and gentleman, this is Captain Franks, 255 00:15:59,091 --> 00:16:03,050 we' ll shortly be making a precautionary landing at Cheyenne. 256 00:16:04,563 --> 00:16:08,192 Thank god, I thought we were done for. 257 00:16:08,334 --> 00:16:10,325 The ash cloud has blasted the cockpit window. 258 00:16:10,569 --> 00:16:12,002 We are landing blind. 259 00:16:13,005 --> 00:16:17,169 Back of the seat in front of you, fasten your hands under your feet. 260 00:16:17,910 --> 00:16:28,286 Brace. Brace. Brace. Brace. Brace. Brace... 261 00:16:55,014 --> 00:16:56,140 We are getting reports of large numbers fleeing 262 00:16:56,281 --> 00:16:58,044 into Canada along interstate 15 and 29, 263 00:16:58,183 --> 00:16:59,741 we' re linking Nebraskas on stand by to evacuate. 264 00:16:59,885 --> 00:17:01,785 Stand them down, I need to clear those roads. 265 00:17:01,920 --> 00:17:04,184 And get me a transportation update on the coastguard. 266 00:17:04,456 --> 00:17:06,890 The airforce is evacuating its planes at the bases of Mineot, 267 00:17:07,026 --> 00:17:09,460 Grand Forks, Elthris, Nellis, Kurtland, Offen, 268 00:17:09,595 --> 00:17:10,425 Peterson, Edwards. 269 00:17:10,562 --> 00:17:12,052 Is there anywhere they are not evacuating? 270 00:17:12,598 --> 00:17:13,622 East coast basically. 271 00:17:13,966 --> 00:17:14,830 Oh thank you. 272 00:17:15,134 --> 00:17:16,465 Wyoming's declared a state of emergency, 273 00:17:16,602 --> 00:17:18,297 they have asked for a federal disaster to be called. 274 00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:19,596 Did you get that Denver? 275 00:17:19,838 --> 00:17:24,275 Guys, you guys, it looks like we have got another vent opened up. 276 00:17:25,310 --> 00:17:26,868 Oh god, three vents open. 277 00:17:27,513 --> 00:17:29,242 Michael, how bad is this going to get? 278 00:17:42,828 --> 00:17:43,590 Hello? 279 00:17:43,729 --> 00:17:44,559 Hey, it's me. 280 00:17:44,696 --> 00:17:46,095 Rick, where are you? 281 00:17:47,533 --> 00:17:48,795 What's that noise? 282 00:17:49,001 --> 00:17:52,960 It's sirens. Listen, Yellowstone's erupted. 283 00:17:53,172 --> 00:17:53,661 What? 284 00:17:53,806 --> 00:17:54,534 I can't talk now, 285 00:17:54,673 --> 00:17:58,040 I' m with Ken and we are making for the FEMA office in Denver. 286 00:17:58,243 --> 00:17:58,834 Denver, why? 287 00:17:58,977 --> 00:18:00,842 And when I get there, l' ll call you. 288 00:18:01,046 --> 00:18:01,808 No no, wait a minute. 289 00:18:01,947 --> 00:18:05,849 Listen, Fi, you know I feel... hello? 290 00:18:06,018 --> 00:18:06,916 Rick. 291 00:18:07,286 --> 00:18:08,412 Are you there? 292 00:18:08,654 --> 00:18:09,643 Rick. 293 00:18:16,161 --> 00:18:17,128 Shit. 294 00:18:21,533 --> 00:18:23,763 Initial reports suggest that a team of scientists 295 00:18:23,902 --> 00:18:27,030 from the US Geological Survey, who were monitoring 296 00:18:27,172 --> 00:18:29,902 the site from a field office within the park itself, 297 00:18:30,042 --> 00:18:31,373 have been killed. 298 00:18:31,610 --> 00:18:33,908 The local towns of West Yellowstone and Bozeman 299 00:18:34,046 --> 00:18:37,174 ...are being evacuated amid scenes of panic and confusion. 300 00:18:37,316 --> 00:18:38,112 What's going on? 301 00:18:38,250 --> 00:18:38,944 Shhh! 302 00:18:39,084 --> 00:18:41,678 Well meanwhile, the growing ash cloud is spreading south 303 00:18:41,820 --> 00:18:43,253 and east from Yellowstone, 304 00:18:43,388 --> 00:18:47,586 raining down its potentially lethal contents across a vast area. 305 00:18:47,893 --> 00:18:51,385 The ash is bringing the roads and freeways to a total standstill. 306 00:18:54,466 --> 00:18:57,799 Find military installations. Hang on. 307 00:18:59,805 --> 00:19:03,400 OK. OK. 308 00:19:04,276 --> 00:19:07,837 There is a military installation about four clicks this way. 309 00:19:08,714 --> 00:19:10,579 They might have a com link to FEMA. 310 00:19:10,949 --> 00:19:12,109 We' re not going to walk. 311 00:19:12,317 --> 00:19:14,285 We can't stay here, Ken. Pop the trunk. 312 00:19:14,419 --> 00:19:17,217 No Rick, Rick, for god's sake, Rick. 313 00:19:17,356 --> 00:19:19,449 It's volcanic ash, we can't go out in it. 314 00:19:19,625 --> 00:19:22,253 When Vesuvius erupted the people of Pompeii stayed in their houses. 315 00:19:22,394 --> 00:19:23,759 How do we know that, Ken? 316 00:19:24,263 --> 00:19:26,959 Because they were preserved in volcanic ash, right. 317 00:19:31,436 --> 00:19:32,960 We'd already seen from previous eruptions, 318 00:19:33,105 --> 00:19:35,130 Mount St Helens, Montserrat, 319 00:19:35,274 --> 00:19:38,300 Pinatubo, we'd already seen the terrible damage 320 00:19:38,443 --> 00:19:40,877 that even small amounts of volcanic ash can do. 321 00:19:42,214 --> 00:19:44,842 If it gets in your eyes it can blind you. 322 00:19:45,417 --> 00:19:48,648 When it's breathed in it will mix with the moisture 323 00:19:48,787 --> 00:19:51,347 in your lungs to form a suffocating cement. 324 00:19:52,925 --> 00:19:59,091 It's also unbelievably dense. Just 20 cm can collapse a roof. 325 00:19:59,464 --> 00:20:01,694 Half that amount if the ash gets wet. 326 00:20:04,436 --> 00:20:06,563 Only people living within a 1 00km radius 327 00:20:06,705 --> 00:20:10,232 of Yellowstone had been evacuated. Everyone else 328 00:20:10,375 --> 00:20:13,503 caught under the ash cloud was in serious danger. 329 00:20:15,581 --> 00:20:16,775 Dave are you getting this? 330 00:20:17,115 --> 00:20:19,675 Yes l' m seeing it. Two more vents makes five; 331 00:20:19,818 --> 00:20:21,786 I'd say the caldera is definitely opening up. 332 00:20:22,054 --> 00:20:23,043 What do you think, Michael? 333 00:20:23,222 --> 00:20:24,450 I concur with that. 334 00:20:33,799 --> 00:20:34,925 Dave are we losing you? 335 00:20:35,100 --> 00:20:38,433 I believe that's here on the roof, hold on. 336 00:20:55,754 --> 00:20:57,221 It's pumice coming down hard. 337 00:20:58,123 --> 00:21:00,284 Dave you have got to get out of there now. 338 00:21:00,425 --> 00:21:01,187 What? And go where? 339 00:21:01,326 --> 00:21:03,590 What, you've got a secret highway no-one knows about? 340 00:21:03,762 --> 00:21:05,491 What about the people in the motel? 341 00:21:05,831 --> 00:21:08,061 Some have gone but most have stayed inside, 342 00:21:08,200 --> 00:21:09,292 hoping to ride it out. 343 00:21:10,736 --> 00:21:12,966 Man, l' m just hoping the room service guy' s still around. 344 00:21:30,589 --> 00:21:32,716 This is it. This is it. 345 00:21:45,137 --> 00:21:46,468 Hello is anyone... 346 00:21:50,976 --> 00:21:52,068 Is anybody there? 347 00:21:58,483 --> 00:21:59,643 Please state your business. 348 00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:05,549 Yes. My name is Richard Lieberman, 349 00:22:05,691 --> 00:22:07,818 is your communication equipment working? 350 00:22:08,060 --> 00:22:09,084 Yes sir it is. 351 00:22:09,861 --> 00:22:13,160 You need to contact Wendy Reiss at FEMA in Washington, 352 00:22:13,298 --> 00:22:15,596 it's Richard Lieberman, YVO. 353 00:22:17,135 --> 00:22:18,261 Just hold on a second. 354 00:22:19,137 --> 00:22:20,069 Oh shit. 355 00:22:30,482 --> 00:22:33,474 Yes she's here, don't hang up. Wendy. 356 00:22:36,388 --> 00:22:40,017 Wendy Reiss. Let him in, give him anything he wants. 357 00:22:40,892 --> 00:22:42,416 They have found Rick Lieberman. 358 00:22:54,639 --> 00:22:55,970 I'm Sergeant Geoffrey Johnson, 359 00:22:56,108 --> 00:22:57,541 hope you guys understand the precautions? 360 00:22:58,410 --> 00:22:59,934 Thanks Johnson! 361 00:23:00,078 --> 00:23:00,942 Yes thank you, thank you for letting us in. 362 00:23:01,079 --> 00:23:02,307 There's water downstairs. 363 00:23:02,647 --> 00:23:03,841 Water. Thank you. 364 00:23:03,982 --> 00:23:05,142 After you guys. 365 00:23:15,627 --> 00:23:16,491 Follow me. 366 00:23:17,162 --> 00:23:18,026 What is this place? 367 00:23:18,263 --> 00:23:19,628 It's an old Cold War bunker sometimes used 368 00:23:19,765 --> 00:23:21,858 as a relay station for NORAD. 369 00:23:22,033 --> 00:23:22,965 Are you based here? 370 00:23:23,101 --> 00:23:25,160 No sir I just service the equipment. 371 00:23:25,370 --> 00:23:27,930 I tour all these sites, spend two or three days in each one. 372 00:23:28,106 --> 00:23:30,973 Have you got food and water for five days? 373 00:23:31,176 --> 00:23:32,438 One man. 374 00:23:34,246 --> 00:23:36,146 The scale of the eruption is still the subject 375 00:23:36,281 --> 00:23:38,909 of conflicting and confusing reports. 376 00:23:39,418 --> 00:23:43,149 While officials claim it is the small to moderate event predicted, 377 00:23:43,288 --> 00:23:47,520 the ash cloud has spread well beyond the area that's been evacuated. 378 00:23:47,692 --> 00:23:51,150 Prompting fears that the eruption is much bigger than anticipated. 379 00:24:15,921 --> 00:24:21,086 Oh god. I can't believe we forgot about this. 380 00:24:46,518 --> 00:24:47,382 Try that again. 381 00:24:52,190 --> 00:24:53,680 Ok, go back to what you had before? 382 00:24:53,992 --> 00:24:54,856 There we are. 383 00:24:56,161 --> 00:24:57,150 What do you make of it? 384 00:24:58,964 --> 00:25:00,397 Show me the satellite image. 385 00:25:01,032 --> 00:25:02,363 Mapping, bring up satellite. 386 00:25:07,239 --> 00:25:08,604 OK go closer. 387 00:25:10,942 --> 00:25:12,136 Oh it's amazing. 388 00:25:12,711 --> 00:25:15,839 OK can you give me the thermal image? 389 00:25:22,621 --> 00:25:23,986 Hey Wylie what's he doing? 390 00:25:24,923 --> 00:25:26,515 Gauging how big the eruption is. 391 00:25:27,259 --> 00:25:28,920 Trying to figure how long it will last. 392 00:25:32,197 --> 00:25:32,959 Well? 393 00:25:34,065 --> 00:25:37,057 Looks to me as if the various vents are beginning 394 00:25:37,202 --> 00:25:39,500 to define the rim of a new caldera. 395 00:25:40,205 --> 00:25:43,231 So I suspect that eventually they will all merge 396 00:25:43,375 --> 00:25:47,402 to unzip themselves into a single massive vent. 397 00:25:47,979 --> 00:25:51,642 Rick, can you give me any idea of how long this eruption will last? 398 00:25:52,050 --> 00:25:55,451 Well this looks about half as big again as the previous caldera, 399 00:25:55,587 --> 00:25:56,849 so I think we are, you know, 400 00:25:56,988 --> 00:26:01,584 you' re looking at something 60km by 90km. 401 00:26:01,927 --> 00:26:05,363 I mean we are looking at an event on the scale 402 00:26:05,497 --> 00:26:07,829 of the Huckleberry Ridge eruption. 403 00:26:08,867 --> 00:26:11,802 The first at Yellowstone and the biggest. 404 00:26:13,038 --> 00:26:13,936 And? 405 00:26:14,306 --> 00:26:20,336 And if that ejected 2500 cubic kilometres of material then 406 00:26:20,478 --> 00:26:22,605 we have to make some kind 407 00:26:22,747 --> 00:26:27,582 of estimate for the rate of ejection and then you do the maths. 408 00:26:28,620 --> 00:26:29,382 And you've got your duration. 409 00:26:29,521 --> 00:26:30,647 Give me a figure, Rick. 410 00:26:30,989 --> 00:26:31,580 Say that again. 411 00:26:31,723 --> 00:26:33,281 A figure, give me a figure. 412 00:26:34,092 --> 00:26:35,150 Well you want me to guestimate? 413 00:26:35,293 --> 00:26:36,123 Yes. 414 00:26:37,162 --> 00:26:41,622 We are looking at a duration of between five and nine days. 415 00:26:43,368 --> 00:26:45,063 But it doesn't matter how long it lasts, 416 00:26:45,270 --> 00:26:48,762 Wendy, make no mistake we are looking at a VEl-8. 417 00:26:49,941 --> 00:26:51,203 So there's no question any more. 418 00:26:52,143 --> 00:26:54,077 What happened? 419 00:26:57,082 --> 00:26:59,778 We lost the link. Let's get that signal back. 420 00:27:01,786 --> 00:27:03,083 VEl-8 Michael. 421 00:27:03,788 --> 00:27:04,880 Super-eruption. 422 00:27:05,256 --> 00:27:06,723 Worst case scenario? 423 00:27:07,092 --> 00:27:08,150 No it isn't. 424 00:27:09,194 --> 00:27:11,754 Jock Galvin he was at the field office when... 425 00:27:11,896 --> 00:27:14,626 Worst case scenario isn't a super-eruption. 426 00:27:14,766 --> 00:27:19,066 The worst case scenario is a super-eruption which goes on and on. 427 00:27:19,971 --> 00:27:24,101 If a volcano ejects more than 1000 cubic kilometres of magma, 428 00:27:24,242 --> 00:27:25,834 it's a VEl-8. 429 00:27:26,444 --> 00:27:29,208 The magma chamber under Yellowstone has the 430 00:27:29,347 --> 00:27:33,010 capacity of 25000 cubic kilometres. 431 00:27:35,220 --> 00:27:41,056 Problem is, we don't know how much of that is eruptible magma. 432 00:27:42,127 --> 00:27:46,086 But that, that is what will dictate whether this eruption 433 00:27:46,231 --> 00:27:49,564 goes on for days or for weeks. 434 00:28:02,313 --> 00:28:05,874 By day three the volcano showed no signs of slowing. 435 00:28:11,656 --> 00:28:15,422 The ash cloud had covered three quarters of the United States. 436 00:28:16,594 --> 00:28:21,531 Cities like Chicago, St Louis, Detroit, Minneapolis, 437 00:28:22,500 --> 00:28:24,229 they were at a total standstill. 438 00:28:25,403 --> 00:28:27,928 Roads, railways, airports were all closed. 439 00:28:29,441 --> 00:28:33,104 The power supplies failed, the water was polluted. 440 00:28:36,381 --> 00:28:39,942 Every day it moved eastwards by another 1 50km. 441 00:28:41,786 --> 00:28:43,947 And all we could do was sit and watch. 442 00:28:47,559 --> 00:28:49,083 So you guys are brothers in law? 443 00:28:50,729 --> 00:28:52,697 He married my sister, I didn't approve. 444 00:28:53,331 --> 00:28:55,196 She needed some sanity in her life. 445 00:28:55,366 --> 00:28:56,663 Well she got that didn't she? 446 00:28:56,868 --> 00:28:59,928 Married to a man now who works on top of an enormous volcano. 447 00:29:05,777 --> 00:29:07,005 Where is she now? 448 00:29:07,312 --> 00:29:10,543 Fiona? She's in London. 449 00:29:11,750 --> 00:29:15,083 Well. At least she's OK. 450 00:29:18,156 --> 00:29:22,684 She's not OK. She's not OK. 451 00:29:23,561 --> 00:29:24,892 As long as this eruption continues 452 00:29:25,029 --> 00:29:26,997 there's nobody on the planet that's going to be OK. 453 00:29:27,132 --> 00:29:28,497 You can't afford to think like that, Ken. 454 00:29:28,633 --> 00:29:32,296 Oh come on, toss a coin! Heads we live. 455 00:29:32,537 --> 00:29:34,903 Tails we die. It's that random Rick! 456 00:29:35,240 --> 00:29:37,003 Don't you try and be reasonable. Not now! 457 00:29:37,142 --> 00:29:37,574 Ken. 458 00:29:37,709 --> 00:29:39,301 Oh come on, we are running out of water, 459 00:29:39,444 --> 00:29:42,538 we are running out of food, the air is slowly turning to poison. 460 00:29:45,016 --> 00:29:46,415 Do you believe in God, sir? 461 00:29:51,623 --> 00:29:52,612 God? 462 00:29:52,757 --> 00:29:53,724 Yes. 463 00:29:59,197 --> 00:30:04,760 You think, you believe this is all God's wrath, Johnson? 464 00:30:06,771 --> 00:30:08,295 I believe in his mercy. 465 00:30:09,874 --> 00:30:15,335 Oh, nice. Well you can go outside and you can tell 466 00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:19,439 those 100s of 1000s of people who have just died 467 00:30:19,584 --> 00:30:23,850 in this sudden cataclysmic eruption of god's mercy. 468 00:30:23,988 --> 00:30:24,647 This is not helping, Ken. 469 00:30:24,789 --> 00:30:26,654 I' m not trying to help, Rick. 470 00:30:27,992 --> 00:30:30,085 You expect optimism at the end of the world, mmm? 471 00:30:30,228 --> 00:30:33,254 Well if that's what it is, then you should probably 472 00:30:33,498 --> 00:30:35,489 go upstairs and take a big gulp of air then. 473 00:30:37,302 --> 00:30:40,237 Because otherwise what are we sitting down here for? 474 00:30:41,406 --> 00:30:43,874 Are we delaying the inevitable, is that what we are doing? 475 00:30:47,912 --> 00:30:49,436 In my book, that's exactly what we are doing. 476 00:30:49,581 --> 00:30:51,515 Well in my book, I'd like to think that 477 00:30:51,649 --> 00:30:53,844 I'd get to see Fiona and Will again. 478 00:30:55,653 --> 00:30:58,417 You know and Johnson that he gets to see his family, 479 00:30:59,090 --> 00:31:01,285 I think as long as we remain focussed 480 00:31:01,426 --> 00:31:03,451 on that we' re going to be a lot better off. 481 00:31:06,431 --> 00:31:10,492 Yes well, my book's more pessimistic. 482 00:31:13,404 --> 00:31:14,996 Yes well your books always are. 483 00:31:24,482 --> 00:31:27,246 We have no clear idea of how long it might last 484 00:31:27,619 --> 00:31:31,316 or what devastation it might wreak... 485 00:31:34,893 --> 00:31:38,021 Listen to the advice of your local emergency services. 486 00:31:38,162 --> 00:31:41,131 Follow it. May God be with you all. 487 00:31:41,332 --> 00:31:43,596 Hundreds of thousands of US citizens are homeless 488 00:31:43,735 --> 00:31:46,135 as they've fled from the ash cloud that now covers 489 00:31:46,271 --> 00:31:48,068 three quarters of the country. 490 00:31:48,806 --> 00:31:50,171 Thousands of others have been trapped 491 00:31:50,308 --> 00:31:52,435 in their homes and the Federal Emergency Management 492 00:31:52,577 --> 00:31:56,536 Agency admits it could be weeks before they can get aid to them. 493 00:32:01,819 --> 00:32:04,549 Morning sir. 494 00:32:04,889 --> 00:32:06,049 Morning all. 495 00:32:12,997 --> 00:32:15,761 One hour ago Air Force One took off from Andrews en route 496 00:32:15,900 --> 00:32:18,130 to a military bunker in Florida. 497 00:32:19,537 --> 00:32:21,300 That information does not leave this room. 498 00:32:22,707 --> 00:32:25,540 We can't run a country under several feet of volcanic ash, 499 00:32:25,677 --> 00:32:28,669 but some sections of the media will still say she's running away. 500 00:32:28,913 --> 00:32:30,778 Now, can we get to business. 501 00:32:30,915 --> 00:32:33,042 Wendy, how many people in the fall out zones? 502 00:32:33,184 --> 00:32:34,446 About 25million. 503 00:32:38,456 --> 00:32:40,321 Casualty estimate so far? 504 00:32:41,693 --> 00:32:42,853 In the immediate zone, 505 00:32:42,994 --> 00:32:45,622 90 percent excluding those that got out early. 506 00:32:46,064 --> 00:32:49,363 In zone two we estimate 1 0 percent mortality, 507 00:32:49,500 --> 00:32:51,297 that's approximately 35,000 people. 508 00:32:51,569 --> 00:32:55,733 Zone three, 5 percent mortality, that's 1 22,000 people. 509 00:32:56,174 --> 00:32:59,837 Zone four, 3 percent mortality, 85,000 people. 510 00:32:59,978 --> 00:33:05,883 Zone five estimate one percent mortality, 220,000 people. 511 00:33:06,517 --> 00:33:08,644 Total estimated deaths for the first week, 512 00:33:08,786 --> 00:33:13,280 462,000 and that's assuming zone one is clear. 513 00:33:17,028 --> 00:33:18,427 These are all from the ash? 514 00:33:18,629 --> 00:33:21,223 Mainly. Either directly from ash inhalation 515 00:33:21,366 --> 00:33:23,357 or indirectly from roof and building collapse 516 00:33:23,568 --> 00:33:25,536 or power failures, especially in the hospital. 517 00:33:25,670 --> 00:33:27,535 So ash related accidents. 518 00:33:28,006 --> 00:33:29,974 Sir, standard advice to people was that they 519 00:33:30,108 --> 00:33:31,905 store enough food and water for only three days. 520 00:33:32,110 --> 00:33:33,543 Today is day three. 521 00:33:36,114 --> 00:33:37,342 Then, what are we going to do? 522 00:33:38,883 --> 00:33:41,579 Oh excuse me. Wendy Reiss. 523 00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:45,681 Look even when it ends, we won't be able to fly 524 00:33:45,823 --> 00:33:47,120 for weeks with the ash still blowing around. 525 00:33:47,258 --> 00:33:48,520 So what are we actually talking about? 526 00:33:48,659 --> 00:33:51,787 You find a way, you don't just write off 25million people. 527 00:33:52,030 --> 00:33:54,828 Good put him through. We've got Rick Lieberman here. 528 00:33:57,502 --> 00:33:59,060 Rick can you hear me? 529 00:33:59,337 --> 00:34:02,966 Yes, hang on, yes we got you. 530 00:34:04,675 --> 00:34:07,508 Rick we have four more vents open since yesterday. 531 00:34:09,047 --> 00:34:11,914 Alright has Dave been able to model these? 532 00:34:12,483 --> 00:34:14,144 We can't raise Dave. 533 00:34:15,586 --> 00:34:17,110 Say that again. 534 00:34:18,089 --> 00:34:20,614 I' m sorry Rick, we can't raise Dave. 535 00:34:24,529 --> 00:34:26,156 Secretary Foster here, Rick. 536 00:34:27,432 --> 00:34:29,866 We need to know how long this eruption is going to last, 537 00:34:30,001 --> 00:34:32,595 so we can plan how to rescue 25million people. 538 00:34:34,305 --> 00:34:36,000 With all due respect Mr Foster 539 00:34:36,140 --> 00:34:38,574 I think you've got to change your game plan. 540 00:34:39,444 --> 00:34:43,005 I mean what you have told people is to stay put and to sit this out. 541 00:34:43,147 --> 00:34:44,910 And to wait for your help. 542 00:34:45,349 --> 00:34:49,012 I believe there is simply no realistic way for you to honour that sir. 543 00:34:49,720 --> 00:34:53,156 And I think that if you do people are going to die waiting for you. 544 00:34:56,961 --> 00:34:59,191 You need to retract your advice. 545 00:35:03,167 --> 00:35:05,897 You need to retract your advice. 546 00:35:06,037 --> 00:35:08,369 You need to tell them to come to you. 547 00:35:08,573 --> 00:35:11,667 Mr Lieberman, FEMA will draw on every resource possible 548 00:35:11,809 --> 00:35:14,437 to rescue these people, that's our federal obligation. 549 00:35:14,579 --> 00:35:16,740 Sir this is not about protocol, 550 00:35:17,014 --> 00:35:21,280 Mr Foster, this is about survival and nothing more. 551 00:35:21,586 --> 00:35:28,651 When this ash fall stops and the air starts to clear, 552 00:35:28,893 --> 00:35:31,953 the people who are trapped like we are, 553 00:35:32,196 --> 00:35:33,561 are going to start walking. 554 00:35:33,998 --> 00:35:36,262 They are going to start walking rather 555 00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:37,958 than stay here and wait to die. 556 00:35:38,703 --> 00:35:40,762 And they are certainly not going to make it, 557 00:35:40,905 --> 00:35:42,463 sir, without your help. 558 00:35:42,740 --> 00:35:47,336 You need to help us. You need to tell us where to walk. 559 00:35:47,478 --> 00:35:50,470 We need to have supplies dropped for us along the way. 560 00:35:50,615 --> 00:35:52,606 I mean if we are going to walk for life, 561 00:35:52,750 --> 00:35:55,583 then it's up to you guys... to help us... 562 00:35:56,888 --> 00:35:57,912 Damn it. 563 00:35:59,724 --> 00:36:01,658 He wants people to walk through the ash? 564 00:36:03,561 --> 00:36:04,892 Is he crazy? 565 00:36:17,808 --> 00:36:21,369 I just keep thinking, how could I have done something different? 566 00:36:23,681 --> 00:36:25,615 You know, should I have done something different? 567 00:36:25,850 --> 00:36:29,616 You know just been more decisive or stronger if 568 00:36:29,754 --> 00:36:32,382 I could have made the call earlier, 569 00:36:32,590 --> 00:36:35,525 you know, maybe that would have changed things 570 00:36:36,027 --> 00:36:38,393 Maybe that would have saved some lives. 571 00:36:39,197 --> 00:36:41,688 I guess that's up to other people to judge. 572 00:36:43,134 --> 00:36:47,537 And my family, it's them who will be left with the fallout... 573 00:36:50,942 --> 00:36:54,275 Now these, these men that l' m with, 574 00:36:55,146 --> 00:37:00,743 they think that if we stay put that we are going to be rescued. 575 00:37:01,319 --> 00:37:05,983 But I honest to God believe that if we just wait, 576 00:37:06,123 --> 00:37:08,284 if we just watch and wait, 577 00:37:08,826 --> 00:37:11,693 I honest to god think that we are as good as dead. 578 00:37:27,078 --> 00:37:30,013 By day five over 2000 cubic kilometres 579 00:37:30,147 --> 00:37:33,742 of ash and pumice had been dumped across the United States. 580 00:37:34,452 --> 00:37:38,855 2500 times more than the fallout from Mount St Helens, 581 00:37:38,990 --> 00:37:41,117 but that was only about 1 0 percent of 582 00:37:41,259 --> 00:37:42,988 what was in the magma chamber. 583 00:37:43,628 --> 00:37:46,426 How much more would come out depended on how much 584 00:37:46,564 --> 00:37:48,862 more eruptible magma was down there. 585 00:37:49,934 --> 00:37:51,834 The country was already on its knees. 586 00:37:52,103 --> 00:37:55,163 Thousands of people were dead, millions of others homeless. 587 00:37:55,706 --> 00:37:56,832 If it didn't stop soon, 588 00:37:59,644 --> 00:38:02,408 well, let's just say we were running out of options. 589 00:38:06,117 --> 00:38:07,607 We have just received reports that 590 00:38:07,752 --> 00:38:11,188 Mexican authorities closed the border four hours ago. 591 00:38:11,989 --> 00:38:14,856 According to aid workers in the area, 3million people 592 00:38:14,992 --> 00:38:18,450 have now gathered at the Mexican border, many of them... 593 00:38:18,696 --> 00:38:24,032 ...without shelter, food or money. Maggie Chin, KCVZ News. 594 00:38:24,568 --> 00:38:25,865 They have closed the border? 595 00:38:26,537 --> 00:38:27,868 To US citizens yes. 596 00:38:28,072 --> 00:38:30,097 That's totally unacceptable; they are condemning people to death. 597 00:38:30,308 --> 00:38:32,208 The Mexicans say they can't cope with the numbers. 598 00:38:32,376 --> 00:38:33,638 Well we are going to have to kick some ass. 599 00:38:34,078 --> 00:38:35,477 Oh I think the President might feel that right now 600 00:38:35,613 --> 00:38:37,513 is a bad time to invade Mexico, Bob. 601 00:38:39,050 --> 00:38:40,347 Can we move on? 602 00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:43,218 Yes sir. 603 00:38:44,588 --> 00:38:49,389 Alright our best case scenario is if the eruption stops in two days. 604 00:38:49,860 --> 00:38:52,693 If that's the case, access to zones one and two won't 605 00:38:52,830 --> 00:38:55,958 be possible until at least three to four weeks after that. 606 00:38:56,167 --> 00:38:57,794 So it's unlikely we' ll find any survivors. 607 00:38:58,402 --> 00:39:00,962 We can start supply drops into zones three through five 608 00:39:01,105 --> 00:39:03,733 about two weeks after the eruption ends, 609 00:39:03,874 --> 00:39:05,171 if the weather is with us. 610 00:39:05,409 --> 00:39:06,899 But it's going to have to be piecemeal, 611 00:39:07,278 --> 00:39:08,677 depending on whether the satellite can find 612 00:39:08,813 --> 00:39:10,405 clean skies for the aircraft. 613 00:39:10,815 --> 00:39:11,839 That's too long. 614 00:39:13,217 --> 00:39:14,650 What about Rick's walk to life? 615 00:39:15,553 --> 00:39:18,386 We can't advise people to walk through the ash. 616 00:39:19,023 --> 00:39:20,149 It's just too dangerous. 617 00:39:20,391 --> 00:39:23,326 So are we asking people just to sit there and starve to death? 618 00:39:25,162 --> 00:39:27,323 There are 100s of 1000s, maybe millions of 619 00:39:27,465 --> 00:39:31,993 people stumbling around out there, looking for help. 620 00:39:51,355 --> 00:39:52,481 Sir. 621 00:39:56,861 --> 00:40:00,661 Alright. We' ll go with walk to life. 622 00:40:01,799 --> 00:40:05,895 I need to hear a plan out of this room as to how to do that, fast. 623 00:40:06,837 --> 00:40:07,861 Right. 624 00:40:19,617 --> 00:40:20,276 Well? 625 00:40:20,484 --> 00:40:21,212 It's still raining. 626 00:40:21,585 --> 00:40:22,244 Ash? 627 00:40:23,788 --> 00:40:26,484 Save the battery, you' re going to need it outside. 628 00:40:38,769 --> 00:40:39,861 Johnson. 629 00:40:41,005 --> 00:40:41,767 Yeah. 630 00:40:42,706 --> 00:40:44,606 Won't the Airforce be looking for you? 631 00:40:45,943 --> 00:40:46,739 For me? 632 00:40:46,944 --> 00:40:50,710 Yes, you know, leave no man behind and all that. 633 00:40:55,052 --> 00:40:56,280 That's the Rangers. 634 00:40:58,589 --> 00:41:01,649 So the Airforce does leave men behind? 635 00:41:04,462 --> 00:41:05,656 I guess. 636 00:41:07,364 --> 00:41:09,389 Should have joined the rangers. 637 00:41:12,136 --> 00:41:15,162 Cheyenne's our best bet. We should head there. 638 00:41:18,476 --> 00:41:24,642 FEMA, FEMA knows we are here. They will send somebody. 639 00:41:25,149 --> 00:41:28,607 Kenny, FEMA' s got 25million people to save. 640 00:41:29,520 --> 00:41:31,886 By the time they find us we' ll have starved to death. 641 00:41:35,860 --> 00:41:37,350 What if we eat Johnson? 642 00:41:39,230 --> 00:41:41,130 Ha ha, try it man. 643 00:41:42,166 --> 00:41:45,101 Definitely a book in this when we get out, ha ha. 644 00:41:46,070 --> 00:41:50,473 I don't know, one doesn't like to say I told you so. 645 00:41:57,948 --> 00:42:02,885 We assumed that when all events merged together to form a new caldera, 646 00:42:03,420 --> 00:42:06,821 then the pressure would drop and the eruption would stop, 647 00:42:07,024 --> 00:42:08,218 that was our thinking. 648 00:42:08,726 --> 00:42:14,722 Then on day seven, our seismographs began to pick up massive quakes 649 00:42:14,865 --> 00:42:19,234 and we realised that the ground within the new caldera rim was 650 00:42:19,370 --> 00:42:22,737 beginning to collapse, collapse into the empty space 651 00:42:22,873 --> 00:42:25,205 Ieft by the ejected magma. 652 00:42:33,350 --> 00:42:34,874 That's all the major drop points. 653 00:42:35,119 --> 00:42:36,814 The Pentagon has 45,000 pallets, 654 00:42:36,954 --> 00:42:40,446 800 planes and 560 choppers ready to go as soon as it is safe to fly. 655 00:42:40,558 --> 00:42:41,422 Information leaflets? 656 00:42:41,559 --> 00:42:42,856 With the ash jumpers and in all the pallets. 657 00:42:42,993 --> 00:42:44,221 You need to see this. 658 00:42:52,036 --> 00:42:52,627 Does this mean? 659 00:42:52,770 --> 00:42:55,603 This means that the pressure holding the eruption 660 00:42:55,739 --> 00:42:58,936 column in the air is beginning to drop. 661 00:43:01,612 --> 00:43:03,546 It's a good thing, it's a good thing. 662 00:43:07,718 --> 00:43:09,117 And now to the news that 663 00:43:09,253 --> 00:43:10,379 America has been waiting for... 664 00:43:10,521 --> 00:43:12,785 ...the end of the super-volcanic eruption 665 00:43:12,923 --> 00:43:14,686 at Yellowstone National Park. 666 00:43:15,192 --> 00:43:21,859 At 9.17am local time, the eruption column began to collapse 667 00:43:30,507 --> 00:43:33,203 Huge pyroclastic surges which radiated 668 00:43:33,344 --> 00:43:36,404 out over 100 miles from the base of the column. 669 00:43:36,614 --> 00:43:37,308 Overwhelming the 670 00:43:37,448 --> 00:43:40,349 US airforce drone that's been monitoring the eruption. 671 00:43:40,718 --> 00:43:43,551 Across America the overwhelming task of trying to bring aid 672 00:43:43,687 --> 00:43:49,125 to the estimated 29million people trapped by the ash fall begins. 673 00:43:49,593 --> 00:43:52,357 Authorities now admit it will take weeks if not months 674 00:43:52,496 --> 00:43:55,158 to reach those trapped closest to the volcano. 675 00:43:56,834 --> 00:43:59,826 We are going to head back towards the interstate and then turn north. 676 00:44:01,038 --> 00:44:03,472 Any abandoned vehicles we come across along the 677 00:44:03,607 --> 00:44:06,007 way I think we should stop and check them 678 00:44:06,143 --> 00:44:09,601 for water in the washer bottle, food, anything we can use OK. 679 00:44:10,214 --> 00:44:11,613 How far? 680 00:44:12,683 --> 00:44:16,449 Outskirts of Cheyenne are approximately 25km. 681 00:44:20,224 --> 00:44:24,160 You know I've got to say, Richard, this has been a crappy book so far. 682 00:44:31,135 --> 00:44:32,033 Flashlight! 683 00:44:35,372 --> 00:44:37,397 Hey, come on. 684 00:44:43,914 --> 00:44:48,510 Alright. Alright OK. Alright. 685 00:46:02,259 --> 00:46:06,423 The global effects were not fully felt until a month or 686 00:46:06,563 --> 00:46:08,588 so after the eruption had stopped. 687 00:46:10,300 --> 00:46:12,894 Billions of tones of sulphur dioxide ejected 688 00:46:13,036 --> 00:46:17,632 by the volcano were wrapped their way around the northern hemisphere, 689 00:46:19,176 --> 00:46:20,939 cutting down the sunlight. 690 00:46:22,846 --> 00:46:25,212 Within weeks temperatures started to plummet. 691 00:46:26,183 --> 00:46:27,878 As much as 20 degrees in some places. 692 00:46:28,018 --> 00:46:30,145 Then the aerosols jumped to the equator 693 00:46:30,287 --> 00:46:33,882 ...and started to cool the southern hemisphere. 694 00:46:36,260 --> 00:46:42,096 The monsoon failed, adding drought to the bitter cold. 695 00:46:46,570 --> 00:46:49,971 Climatologists say we' ll start getting better in a few years. 696 00:46:51,642 --> 00:46:55,669 But let's just say I don't think l' ll live to see another tan! 697 00:47:07,157 --> 00:47:11,093 The clear up, the scale of what we still have to do, 698 00:47:11,228 --> 00:47:12,786 all this time on. 699 00:47:13,330 --> 00:47:15,730 80 percent of the USA covered by ash. 700 00:47:16,900 --> 00:47:19,869 20 percent rendered unusable or uninhabitable, 701 00:47:20,938 --> 00:47:23,429 cities and towns permanently abandoned. 702 00:47:23,974 --> 00:47:28,308 Billings, Cheyenne, Denver, Salt Lake City. 703 00:47:30,380 --> 00:47:33,372 I don't know how we kept going to be honest. 704 00:47:34,551 --> 00:47:39,181 I mean, just the animals, the livestock. 705 00:47:40,023 --> 00:47:47,862 Millions dead, rotted where they fell. And the people... 706 00:47:55,372 --> 00:48:00,400 If it hadn't been for walk to life, 7.3million lives saved. 707 00:48:03,981 --> 00:48:10,011 That was an achievement. And it was Rick's achievement. 708 00:48:15,726 --> 00:48:18,752 Not knowing was the hardest part. 709 00:48:20,097 --> 00:48:23,533 He called from Cheyenne from the airport with Ken. 710 00:48:25,769 --> 00:48:33,039 And then I didn't hear anything until Michael Eldridge 711 00:48:33,176 --> 00:48:38,204 called from FEMA to say they were in this bunker place. 712 00:48:40,183 --> 00:48:41,343 But safe. 713 00:48:44,254 --> 00:48:49,282 But then, when there was no news, 714 00:48:51,595 --> 00:48:53,893 I gave up all hope of ever seeing them again. 715 00:49:07,878 --> 00:49:08,902 Are you OK? 716 00:49:12,983 --> 00:49:13,711 Sir. 717 00:49:14,618 --> 00:49:16,108 I believe this is yours. 718 00:49:31,168 --> 00:49:35,696 Why did I want to come back? It's hard to say. 719 00:49:36,506 --> 00:49:39,566 To face the reality of what nearly happened I suppose. 720 00:49:40,544 --> 00:49:44,002 How close we came to never leaving this place at all. 721 00:49:49,853 --> 00:49:53,254 We were picked up in Cheyenne and 722 00:49:53,690 --> 00:49:57,717 when the ash finally stopped falling we were transported to Denver. 723 00:50:00,397 --> 00:50:04,766 Where we waited with 1 000s of others for our turn to be rescued. 724 00:50:06,103 --> 00:50:08,799 It would be three months until the transatlantic routes 725 00:50:08,939 --> 00:50:13,103 opened up again and I made it back to my family in England. 726 00:50:18,015 --> 00:50:20,347 But I soon realised couldn't stay there, 727 00:50:21,618 --> 00:50:24,883 not until I had seen for myself what had happened to Yellowstone, 728 00:50:27,024 --> 00:50:30,892 the place I'd spent my whole life trying to understand. 729 00:50:37,968 --> 00:50:42,735 Things will get better, they will eventually, 730 00:50:43,106 --> 00:50:47,475 nature will recover, the world will recover. 731 00:50:48,779 --> 00:50:51,407 This after all is not only how life ends, 732 00:50:52,115 --> 00:50:54,174 it's also how life begins. 733 00:50:55,952 --> 00:51:00,252 And one day, someday, Yellowstone will erupt again. 734 00:51:02,926 --> 00:51:04,223 But not on my watch. 57168

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