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NARRATOR: Normandy, France.
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One month after D-Day.
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A Canadian regiment confrontsa notorious SS Panzer unit
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accused ofhorrific war crimes.
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TIM: The Canadians
and the 12th SS Hitler
Youth had clashed,
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uh since the 7th of June.
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So, the Canadians and
the 12th SS have a very
vicious personal war.
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NARRATOR: For the Germans, thisleaves no room for compromise.
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PETER: It's only
victory or death.
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NARRATOR: On June 6th,1944 allied forcesfinally land troops in Normandy
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to open the western front.
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(speaking in German).
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But Nazi fanatics anddiehards continue to fightruthlessly for survival.
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D-Day was a battle.
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The allies stillneed to win the war.
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♪ ♪
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July 8th, 1944.
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Outskirts of Caen, France.
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The Canadian Regina Riflesprepare to do their part toliberate the French city.
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They scout the approachto their objective inthe northwest sector.
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-And what they saw
they didn't like.
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It was extremely flat.
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There was very little cover.
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NARRATOR: Lieutenant ColonelFoster Matheson has broughtalong his company commanders:
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Acting Major Gordon Brown,Major Eric Syme,and Major Stuart Tubb,
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to find the best way forward.
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-And they're driving around
in universal carriers and
at one point they get lost.
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NARRATOR: The drivertakes a wrong turn
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and they find themselvesin the midst of fighting.
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The Regina Riflesquickly come under attack.
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(gunfire)
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One of the driversis shot and killed, thepassengers dive for cover.
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(gunfire)
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As the battle ragesaround them, the vehiclestry to reverse course.
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(gunfire)
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In the confusion, thecarriers start to pull awayleaving the officers behind.
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It proves to be yetanother setback in thequest to take Caen.
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Only 12 miles from the coastallied forces had plannedto take the city on D-Day.
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But more than amonth later, the goal hasproved stubbornly elusive.
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DAVID: Both sides understood
that the capture of Caen
was crucial to going through
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the rest of the country,
that if you could capture Caen,
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you could enter
the rest of France.
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NARRATOR: 860,000 alliedtroops are bottled up atthe Normandy beachhead.
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The allies need their forcesto break out into France,
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then east for Paris.
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Caen is a criticalroad and rail hub.
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-The Germans understood, if
you can defend Caen, you can
block the Allies' advance.
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-These are armored divisions
that had hundreds of tanks.
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They needed good roads
and so they were going to be
passing through Caen to strike
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at the Allies who were
on the beaches and who of
course were very vulnerable.
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NARRATOR: TheRegina Rifles have landedin a battle between the
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German 12th SS Panzer divisionand other Canadian forces.
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This is not the first timethe rifles have encounteredthe 12th SS.
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A month earlier,on D-Day plus one,
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the Reginas had seizedthe town of Bretteville,not far away.
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The Reginas withstood fourcounterattacks from the12th SS Panzer division,
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inflicting 152 Germancasualties and destroyingsix tanks to hold the town,
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and earned battlehonors for their unit.
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At a distinct disadvantagehere, the trucksmake a desperate escape.
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The officers of the ReginaRifles are in dangerof being left behind.
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-Go, Go! Go!
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(gunfire)
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NARRATOR: They haul themselvesonto the back of a vehicleloaded to their surprise,
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with crates of explosives.
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They duck for coveras enemy fire riddles thevehicle, and can only hope,
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that a bullet doesn'tignite a fatal explosion.
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(gunfire)
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♪ ♪
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After finally clearing thebattle scene the officerstake up their reconnaissance
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position in thenearby village of Authie.
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Earlier that day, GeneralBernard Montgomery launchedOperation Charnwood,
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the British Second Army'slatest attempt to seize Caen.
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To support the operation,the Regina Rifles musttake the Abbaye D'ardenne,
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which guards thenorthwest approach.
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A high stone wall surroundsthe 12th century church andits adjoining buildings.
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TIM: It was a stone fortress.
It had a large tower.
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And from the heights of
that tower they could see
the entire countryside.
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And so, it's a really
critical position.
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A strong point that
the Germans will use both to
observe the Allies coming
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off the beaches and from
where they will launch
their counterattacks.
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NARRATOR: Flat grainfields surround theAbbaye on all sides,
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providing clear lines ofsight for German snipers.
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The Germansoccupy the only cover:
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a dirt mound, that onceheld anti-aircraft guns,partway across the field.
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(inaudible).
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Matheson plans for MajorSyme's B Company to advance400 yards from the village of
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Authie and take the mounds.
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Brown's D Companyon the left along withTubb's C Company on the right
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are to pass the moundsand advance the remaining700 yards to the Abbaye.
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At 1700 hours alliedartillery begins to shellthe Abbaye D'ardenne,
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in preparationfor the assault.
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The barrage is meantto soften up German defensesand keep German heads down
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as the Canadians approach.
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The artillery willlast for 30 minutes,
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after which the Regina Rifleswill launch their attack.
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The Abbaye D'ardenneis the headquarters ofthe 12th Panzer division
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they had encountered earlier.
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Their commanding officer isStandartenfuhrer Kurt Meyer.
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The 33-year old colonel isone of Germany's youngestdivisional commanders.
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-Kurt Meyer is an extremely
courageous and brave officer.
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But at the same times,
he's also extremely ruthless.
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He's very much determined
to the cause of Nazism
and is also determined
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to instill this
ideology into his men.
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NARRATOR: Meyer's Panzerdivision is made upof former Hitlerjugend.
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The infamous "Hitler Youth"movement Raised a generationof German children
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to believe in theirAryan superiority.
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-For the SS leadership,
12th SS Panzer
Division Hitler Youth
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is a kind of symbol for
the next generation of Nazism.
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NARRATOR: Meyerwithstands the barrageinside the Abbaye complex.
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-The main building, as such,
would be too much exposed
to allied artillery fire or
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allied air bombardment.
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So, he situates his
headquarters in a secondary
building, in the cellar,
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so that he's protected.
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NARRATOR: As theallied shelling of theAbbaye continues, Brown,
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and the restof the Regina Riflestry to move into the
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field from whichthey are to attack.
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But it proves difficult.
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-Well the
Regina Rifles are pinned
down because the village
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of Authie is not cleared.
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This means that the Germans
are also able to bring fire
to bear down on the Rifles.
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NARRATOR: German counterbattery fire also opens up.
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Several allied tanksposition themselves nearby.
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But as their jump-off timeapproaches a hidden German88 begins to launch shells.
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The 88 millimeter gun isthe most effective artillerypiece in the Nazi arsenal,
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and feared by alliedtankers everywhere.
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In ground combat, ithas a maximum rangeof over 16,000 yards.
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And a well-trainedcrew can fire a roundevery three seconds.
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♪ ♪
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The 88 quickly destroysthree Sherman tanks.
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As their crews escape,they draw German machine gunfire from the nearby mound.
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Unwilling to stay exposedto the German artillery,the remaining tanks retreat.
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-The fighting in Normandy
is often envisioned as
a slashing tank assaults,
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um and almost blitzkrieg
like attacks on the enemy.
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But, this was combined arms
warfare and if the tanks got too
far in front of the infantry,
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they were easily knocked
out by anti-tank guns
that are very effective
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at this point in the war.
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NARRATOR: Withtheir tank support gone,
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all threeRegina Rifle companiesare trapped in the open.
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The German barrage continues.
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The Canadians risk beingwiped out before they caneven leave their lines.
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NARRATOR: July 8th, 1944.
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German artillery targetsthe Regina Rifles' positionas they prepare to attack the
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Abbaye D'ardenne, whichblocks access to theFrench city of Caen.
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(explosions)
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The Regina Rifles aredubbed "farmer johns"by other Canadian units
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because they comefrom a rural part of Canada.
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TIM: Obviously the Farmer
John's is meant as,
a, a bit of a put down.
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But ah, the John's they seem
to have shortened it, they
got rid of the farmer part
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and they proudly,
they embraced it.
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NARRATOR: Pinned downdue to enemy fire, theJohns miss the jump-off
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time for theirattack against the Abbaye.
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-In the chaos and the
confusion, units are late
arriving to the front and
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in fact most of the,
the uh three attacking, um
Regina companies get there,
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um after the
barrage has gone off.
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And so, with communications
broken down there's really
a dire situation here.
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The Reginas are looking at
attacking this fortress with
almost no artillery support.
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NARRATOR: The Reginas canonly take cover and wait forthe German barrage to ease.
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(explosions)
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When it finally doesacting Major Gordon Brownand his fellow officers
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hurry to organize their men.
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At 1800 hours, 30 minutesafter their jump off time,
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the Reginas commencetheir assault,
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with Major Eric Syme'sB Company in the lead.
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The Germans have put
the time to good use.
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PETER: During this pause,
the German defenders are
able to regroup and
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sight their machine guns,
sight their anti-tank guns.
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And this is the worst-case
scenario for any army.
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NARRATOR: As the threeRegina companies start outBaker Company is to advance
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400 yards from the villageand take the mound theonly cover, in the field.
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German forces open fireon them from all directions.
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(gunfire)
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Caen is considered socritical, General FieldMarshall Erwin Rommel
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has assigned eliteunits to defend it.
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Overseeing the defense ofNormandy, Rommel had investedheavily in the Atlantic wall.
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PETER: It is a series
of bunkers, block houses,
casements, fortified positions
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along the French, Belgian,
Dutch, Danish and
Norwegian coast.
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It is supposed to ward
off an Allied invasion.
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NARRATOR: Based on Rommel'sexperience with the allies inNorth Africa he knew German
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tanks were vulnerable toallied air superiority.
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Rommel believed the allies hadto be defeated on the beaches
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in the earliesthours of the invasion.
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The German failure todo so on D-Day, makes thefighting more desperate.
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-Germans are still determined
to fight, because they think
if the Allies win the war,
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this would mean
the annihilation of
the German people.
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NARRATOR: This was especiallytrue of German militaryleadership, like Kurt Meyer,
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who commands the12th SS Panzer division,which holds the Abbaye.
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-How they understand war
is that it must be fought
in the most ruthless way
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because it is a
struggle for survival.
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NARRATOR: Meyer has encounteredCanadian units before.
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-The Canadians and
the 12th SS Hitler Youth
had clashed,
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uh, since the 7th of June.
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So, really the second
day of the fighting.
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Um, and there had been fierce
battles all over the front.
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NARRATOR: On June 7th and 8thMeyer's unit executed 18Canadian prisoners of war
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at the Abbaye D'ardenne,in flagrant violation ofthe Geneva Convention.
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-For people like Meyer
or for SS officers,
it's all or nothing.
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And there is no way of
compromising with the enemy so
it's only victory or death.
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(gunshot)
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NARRATOR: Now, the12th SS Hitlerjugendbelieved that if
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they are captured orsurrender to the Canadians,
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they will beexecuted in retaliation.
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-And so, the Canadians
and the 12th SS have a
very vicious, personal war.
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NARRATOR: Regina riflesB Company, still leadsthe advance towards the
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German occupied moundpartway across the field.
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Faced with heavy gunfire,B Company must run, or crawl,
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in short burststo avoid being hit.
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00:17:18,531 --> 00:17:21,832
-The Germans open up
with mortar fire, machine
gun fire, sniper fire.
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And the Regina Rifles are
being picked off one by one.
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00:17:32,812 --> 00:17:34,144
(speaking in German)
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(gunfire)
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NARRATOR: As they inch theirway forward, the companysuffers heavy casualties.
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-There's no easy way
to take out machine guns.
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00:17:50,429 --> 00:17:55,365
Machine guns firing
500 bullets a minute,
firing on an arc.
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00:17:55,734 --> 00:17:59,136
You have to sacrifice
soldiers to take that out.
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00:18:02,808 --> 00:18:04,741
NARRATOR: They have nochoice but to keep moving.
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00:18:09,074 --> 00:18:11,341
NARRATOR: Three companiesof the Regina Rifles commence
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00:18:11,410 --> 00:18:14,445
an assault againstthe Abbaye D'ardenne.
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00:18:16,148 --> 00:18:19,516
Across more than1100 yards of open field,without tank support,
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and one half hour aftertheir artillery barrage lifts.
220
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B Company leads the way.
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DAVID: Baker Company
advances slowly and using
whatever cover is available.
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00:18:34,567 --> 00:18:35,732
But there's
not a lot of cover.
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So, this means
you gotta stay low.
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00:18:37,470 --> 00:18:38,936
You gotta stay in the grass.
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00:18:39,038 --> 00:18:42,406
You gotta try to
stay out of sight of any
sort of German sniper,
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00:18:42,475 --> 00:18:44,975
German artillery,
or German machine gun.
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00:18:45,044 --> 00:18:48,579
So, it is a very slow
process and it causes
significant casualties
228
00:18:48,681 --> 00:18:51,448
because every time
they pop up, they get shot.
229
00:18:51,784 --> 00:18:55,686
NARRATOR: As the casualtiesmount weeks of strainalso take their toll.
230
00:18:57,456 --> 00:19:00,390
TIM: The Regina Rifles
were very weak at this point.
231
00:19:00,593 --> 00:19:03,894
They had lost a lot of
soldiers in the fighting in
the first month of Normandy.
232
00:19:13,439 --> 00:19:17,741
NARRATOR: As frontlinetroops at the sharp end,they get very little sleep
233
00:19:17,810 --> 00:19:21,245
and endure unimaginable stress.
234
00:19:21,447 --> 00:19:24,915
-There's no question that
the lack of sleep and
the continual engagement
235
00:19:24,984 --> 00:19:27,918
with the enemy that just
combined will wear anyone down.
236
00:19:28,654 --> 00:19:32,823
NARRATOR: It has been fourweeks of constant combat.
237
00:19:33,158 --> 00:19:36,360
-So as these soldiers are
engaged with the German enemy,
as they're approaching the
238
00:19:36,428 --> 00:19:38,562
Abbey, there are soldiers
that are breaking down.
239
00:19:38,631 --> 00:19:40,063
There are soldiers
that are crying.
240
00:19:40,132 --> 00:19:42,933
There are soldiers that are
catatonic and can't even move.
241
00:19:43,135 --> 00:19:47,137
NARRATOR: This nowincludes baker company'scommander, Major Syme,
242
00:19:47,206 --> 00:19:49,673
who succumbs to what iscalled, battle exhaustion.
243
00:19:52,878 --> 00:19:56,647
-Major! Major! I need a medic!
244
00:19:59,318 --> 00:20:02,586
NARRATOR: Though the Canadiandivision had undertakenpsychiatric screening prior to
245
00:20:02,655 --> 00:20:08,358
deployment conditions likebattle exhaustion or battlefatigue prove unpredictable
246
00:20:09,595 --> 00:20:12,863
and claim many soldiers.
247
00:20:14,833 --> 00:20:19,503
By late July 1944, battlefatigue makes up 25% of
248
00:20:19,605 --> 00:20:22,539
all non-fatalcasualties to the allies.
249
00:20:26,712 --> 00:20:29,546
After D-Day the Britishand Canadian army group
250
00:20:29,648 --> 00:20:33,617
established front-line centersto treat battle exhaustion.
251
00:20:34,720 --> 00:20:37,854
Therapy is simple:sedation and sleep.
252
00:20:38,657 --> 00:20:40,624
-You want to treat
them quickly.
253
00:20:40,693 --> 00:20:43,360
You want to treat them
effectively and then you want
them back in the front line.
254
00:20:49,101 --> 00:20:51,635
(gunfire)
255
00:20:51,704 --> 00:20:55,305
NARRATOR: As Major Symeis carried from the fieldthe remainder of B Company
256
00:20:55,374 --> 00:20:57,541
continues topress to the mound.
257
00:21:00,145 --> 00:21:03,914
-As they are making those
hard yards, Riflemen
would lay down fire,
258
00:21:04,550 --> 00:21:07,584
Bren machine gunners
would lay down heavier fire.
259
00:21:14,660 --> 00:21:18,128
The way they knocked out
those machine guns was to use
grenades for the most part.
260
00:21:18,697 --> 00:21:21,999
And those grenades
explode and they send shrapnel
of course and that's how,
261
00:21:22,635 --> 00:21:25,035
ultimately, they
knock out the mound.
262
00:21:34,813 --> 00:21:39,016
♪ ♪
263
00:21:40,452 --> 00:21:44,454
NARRATOR: The Germansare forced to retreatback towards the Abbaye.
264
00:21:54,400 --> 00:21:57,234
♪ ♪
265
00:21:57,302 --> 00:22:00,771
To achieve the objective,Baker Company is gutted.
266
00:22:01,073 --> 00:22:04,775
61 out of 100 menbecome casualties.
267
00:22:13,852 --> 00:22:19,756
With the mound finally inCanadian hands, C Company andD Company now continue the
268
00:22:20,159 --> 00:22:23,493
advance and pass throughthe remains of B Company.
269
00:22:23,562 --> 00:22:25,696
DAVID: From that position,
Baker Company can then provide
270
00:22:25,798 --> 00:22:27,431
covering fire for
the other two companies.
271
00:22:27,499 --> 00:22:29,366
You have Dog Company
on the left,
Charlie Company on the right.
272
00:22:31,503 --> 00:22:33,603
And Baker Company will provide
very important covering fire,
which will allow the other
273
00:22:33,706 --> 00:22:35,505
troops to move up slowly.
274
00:22:35,574 --> 00:22:38,675
So, the idea simply
here is what we call
fire and movement.
275
00:22:39,144 --> 00:22:42,179
Someone's shooting.
Someone's moving.
276
00:22:46,518 --> 00:22:50,754
NARRATOR: To prevent hismen from meeting B Company'sfate, Major Stu Tubb,
277
00:22:50,789 --> 00:22:55,192
the commander of C Company,orders high explosive mortarsagainst the Abbaye complex.
278
00:22:59,198 --> 00:23:02,866
He hopes the distractionwill provide his menmuch needed coverage.
279
00:23:04,570 --> 00:23:09,306
But Tubb receives word thatthe Reginas have no highexplosive mortars available,
280
00:23:09,374 --> 00:23:11,942
and he isoffered smoke instead.
281
00:23:16,548 --> 00:23:19,750
This works for a while,until the wind comes up.
282
00:23:20,919 --> 00:23:24,121
-They're now wide open
and exposed completely
to German fire.
283
00:23:24,690 --> 00:23:26,223
All Hell breaks loose.
284
00:23:33,565 --> 00:23:35,532
(gunfire)
285
00:23:37,028 --> 00:23:40,896
♪ ♪
286
00:23:41,499 --> 00:23:46,468
NARRATOR: Facing heavyenemy fire C and D Companiesof the Canadian Regina Rifles
287
00:23:46,537 --> 00:23:51,373
must attack theAbbaye D'ardenne across700 yards of open field.
288
00:23:51,742 --> 00:23:55,444
They have just learned thatthey've run out of highexplosive mortars to subdue
289
00:23:55,513 --> 00:23:56,979
the German counter fire.
290
00:23:58,683 --> 00:24:01,383
Such shortages haveproved a problem acrossthe allied front.
291
00:24:06,891 --> 00:24:10,993
Just three weeks beforea Major storm struckthe Normandy coast.
292
00:24:11,762 --> 00:24:16,632
800 ships and vesselswere stranded, damaged ordestroyed on June 19th.
293
00:24:16,701 --> 00:24:19,368
To further crippleallied supply lines,already hindered,
294
00:24:19,470 --> 00:24:21,737
by a lack of adeep-water port.
295
00:24:22,006 --> 00:24:24,073
All units werehaving to make do.
296
00:24:28,913 --> 00:24:31,213
Advancing in theopen would be suicidal.
297
00:24:31,282 --> 00:24:34,383
So, the Reginas firesmoke to cover their advance.
298
00:24:35,686 --> 00:24:39,521
Once more,acting Major Gordon Brownand D Company press forward
299
00:24:39,624 --> 00:24:40,889
on the left flank.
300
00:24:44,996 --> 00:24:49,798
But with the men still500 yards short of theAbbaye, wind clears the smoke.
301
00:24:52,470 --> 00:24:55,104
With thecompanies now exposed.
302
00:24:55,206 --> 00:24:56,338
(speaking in German)
303
00:24:56,407 --> 00:24:58,507
NARRATOR: The Germanshave clear shots.
304
00:25:06,183 --> 00:25:09,518
(gunfire)
305
00:25:11,689 --> 00:25:16,425
In the chaos C company's13th platoon stumblesinto a minefield.
306
00:25:21,766 --> 00:25:24,733
(explosions)
307
00:25:26,470 --> 00:25:29,571
TIM: You don't know where
to step, and they are set
up for a number of reasons.
308
00:25:29,674 --> 00:25:31,807
One is to cause
casualties of course.
309
00:25:31,909 --> 00:25:34,743
But secondly to
slow an advance.
310
00:25:35,613 --> 00:25:37,546
NARRATOR: The minefieldcreates a shooting gallery.
311
00:25:39,650 --> 00:25:44,186
-Riflemen and snipers and
machine gunners will turn upon
those isolated soldiers who
312
00:25:44,255 --> 00:25:47,322
are stuck in the middle,
unsure of where is safe.
313
00:25:50,628 --> 00:25:52,294
NARRATOR: Astheir losses mount,
314
00:25:52,363 --> 00:25:55,764
Major Stu Tubbenters the minefieldto help extract his men.
315
00:25:59,036 --> 00:26:01,804
Tubb falls to Germanmachine gun fire.
316
00:26:04,208 --> 00:26:09,011
His second-in-commandmoves forward tohelp, and is killed.
317
00:26:11,449 --> 00:26:15,017
C company's third in commandis wounded moments later.
318
00:26:15,686 --> 00:26:19,922
Wiping out the enemy'sleadership is a timehonored military strategy.
319
00:26:20,257 --> 00:26:23,025
-And that is a technique
that the Allies
and the Germans use,
320
00:26:23,094 --> 00:26:28,130
that snipers would
aim for those NCOs or those
lieutenants or those captains
321
00:26:28,199 --> 00:26:32,067
to try to in, in effect
decapitate the unit.
322
00:26:40,945 --> 00:26:42,511
(gunfire)
323
00:26:42,580 --> 00:26:46,048
NARRATOR: Withoutleadership C Companyretreats to the mound.
324
00:26:46,917 --> 00:26:50,119
They have lost85 out of 106 men.
325
00:26:52,189 --> 00:26:57,059
General Bernard Montgomery'sstated goal at Caen was todraw in German troops to kill,
326
00:26:57,161 --> 00:26:59,428
wound or capture asmany as possible.
327
00:26:59,764 --> 00:27:01,430
A war of attrition.
328
00:27:03,334 --> 00:27:05,667
But the campaign tocapture Caen proves costlyto everyone involved.
329
00:27:08,272 --> 00:27:12,841
Allied aerial bombing tosupport Operation Charnwoodbegan the night before,
330
00:27:12,943 --> 00:27:14,276
on July 7th.
331
00:27:16,981 --> 00:27:22,451
More than 460 aircraft dropped6000 bombs on the city.
332
00:27:24,555 --> 00:27:28,223
While the bombing improvedthe morale of allied soldiers,
333
00:27:28,492 --> 00:27:32,628
the strategic impacton German troops was minimal.
334
00:27:32,963 --> 00:27:38,233
The rubble created hindersthe allied advance andretreat by German forces.
335
00:27:39,703 --> 00:27:43,305
PETER: It also has
got an impact on French
civilian population.
336
00:27:43,374 --> 00:27:48,210
Because, French civilians
perished and this had a
negative influence on the
337
00:27:48,279 --> 00:27:51,346
attitude of the French
population towards the Allies.
338
00:27:55,886 --> 00:27:59,855
NARRATOR: Now, to thenorthwest of the city theremaining 15 able-bodied
339
00:27:59,890 --> 00:28:05,360
members of C Company retreatto Authie to bring backstretchers for their wounded.
340
00:28:13,871 --> 00:28:17,406
Almost three hours aftercommencing their attackon the Abbaye D'ardenne,
341
00:28:18,108 --> 00:28:22,578
Gordon Brown's D Companyremain the only ReginaRifles left in the fight.
342
00:28:28,152 --> 00:28:30,786
Still hundreds ofyards from their objective,
343
00:28:31,989 --> 00:28:34,890
the covering smoke has alsojust cleared on their position.
344
00:28:35,159 --> 00:28:37,826
And leaves them dangerouslyexposed to enemy fire.
345
00:28:41,198 --> 00:28:44,466
The 12th SS quickly pindown Brown and his men again.
346
00:28:49,874 --> 00:28:54,276
Several of theReginas are hit.
347
00:28:58,415 --> 00:29:01,216
(gunfire)
348
00:29:01,552 --> 00:29:05,587
To limit the company'scasualties, Brown and his menpush forward in short bursts,
349
00:29:05,689 --> 00:29:08,457
often gaining justa few feet at a time.
350
00:29:14,431 --> 00:29:17,432
German troops at theAbbaye have the ideal weapon
351
00:29:17,501 --> 00:29:19,434
to prevent Brown fromachieving his objective.
352
00:29:21,805 --> 00:29:26,375
The MG-42 is arguably the bestmachine gun of World War II.
353
00:29:27,811 --> 00:29:30,379
At 1200 rounds per minute,
354
00:29:30,848 --> 00:29:33,649
its rate of fire outpacescomparable allied machine guns.
355
00:29:35,419 --> 00:29:42,090
Light, reliable and easyto deploy, the MG-42 has arange of nearly 1,100 yards
356
00:29:50,434 --> 00:29:54,536
to avoid the Germanmachine guns D company'snumber 16 platoon makes a
357
00:29:54,605 --> 00:29:57,039
flanking move to theleft of the Abbaye.
358
00:30:01,912 --> 00:30:05,347
The remaining ReginaRifles continue theirfrontal assault.
359
00:30:09,586 --> 00:30:14,690
But at 2100 hours hisrunner reports to actingMajor Gordon Brown,
360
00:30:14,758 --> 00:30:17,559
that number 16platoon has vanished.
361
00:30:22,674 --> 00:30:25,708
NARRATOR: July 8th, 1944.
362
00:30:25,777 --> 00:30:30,179
As darkness falls, the ReginaRifles continue their assaulton the Abbaye D'ardenne.
363
00:30:31,149 --> 00:30:34,918
A fortified positionthat controls access tothe French city of Caen.
364
00:30:36,421 --> 00:30:37,921
With reports thatsome of his men are
365
00:30:38,023 --> 00:30:42,725
missing and knowing he needsthem all to seize the Abbaye,
366
00:30:44,362 --> 00:30:48,197
acting Major Gordon Brown goesin search of his 16th platoon.
367
00:30:50,268 --> 00:30:52,068
Searching the battlefield,
368
00:30:52,137 --> 00:30:54,203
he makes adisturbing discovery.
369
00:30:55,373 --> 00:31:00,243
TIM: And he Stumbles into a
small ditch area, which is
a scene of a, a nightmare.
370
00:31:00,578 --> 00:31:03,379
There are wounded
soldiers bleeding,
371
00:31:03,448 --> 00:31:07,183
um dying, crying out and he
thinks that's his lost platoon.
372
00:31:07,285 --> 00:31:09,085
It's not.
373
00:31:09,154 --> 00:31:10,787
It's a group of the
Can Scots, who have stumbled
into the battle somehow,
374
00:31:10,889 --> 00:31:16,326
and there are
many wounded there.
375
00:31:16,428 --> 00:31:17,427
NARRATOR: Brown tries to help.
376
00:31:18,730 --> 00:31:20,697
He bandages some of themore seriously wounded.
377
00:31:21,566 --> 00:31:25,268
-And he's not sure what to
do, of course human instinct
is to care for them,
378
00:31:25,337 --> 00:31:28,271
but that's not the role
of a company commander.
379
00:31:28,340 --> 00:31:32,508
And so, he rightly
gives them his water.
380
00:31:33,178 --> 00:31:36,546
He must have been parched.
381
00:31:37,082 --> 00:31:40,216
NARRATOR: Unable todo any more for them,
382
00:31:40,485 --> 00:31:43,453
Brown turns back torejoin the rest of his company.
383
00:31:45,090 --> 00:31:47,490
-He did the right thing.
He did what he had to do.
384
00:31:47,559 --> 00:31:51,661
He did what a soldier had
to do, was to keep pushing
on to the final objective.
385
00:31:55,433 --> 00:31:59,702
NARRATOR: When he returnsBrown finds D Companyin the thick of battle.
386
00:32:01,873 --> 00:32:05,141
TIM: D Company is spread
out over the battlefield.
387
00:32:05,210 --> 00:32:07,610
They're facing a
fortress a stone fortress,
388
00:32:07,879 --> 00:32:10,847
the Germans are
firing at them non-stop.
389
00:32:11,149 --> 00:32:15,718
I'm amazed at how they could
have pushed their way forward.
390
00:32:15,787 --> 00:32:18,154
NARRATOR: They make a daringcharge for the Abbaye walls.
391
00:32:23,361 --> 00:32:26,829
-They do call in some
smoke, and the smoke
is quite effective.
392
00:32:26,898 --> 00:32:30,833
It obscures the front,
ah for precious minutes.
393
00:32:35,006 --> 00:32:37,407
NARRATOR: The men shoot andthrow grenades on the run.
394
00:32:44,516 --> 00:32:48,885
(gunfire and explosions)
395
00:32:53,792 --> 00:32:56,092
Their boldinitiative pays off.
396
00:32:57,862 --> 00:33:01,964
At 2200 hours, D Companyreaches the Abbaye walls.
397
00:33:06,104 --> 00:33:10,673
With the Regina Riflesclosing in, Colonel Kurt Meyerhad made plans to protect his
398
00:33:10,742 --> 00:33:14,110
fighting strength and asksfor permission to retreat.
399
00:33:17,182 --> 00:33:20,349
PETER: He gets the answer, no.
There is no way to retreat.
400
00:33:20,685 --> 00:33:23,753
The, reason for that
is in the mindset of the
401
00:33:23,822 --> 00:33:27,590
German leadership is
where does our retreat end?
402
00:33:29,928 --> 00:33:31,127
(speaking in German).
403
00:33:31,196 --> 00:33:32,695
NARRATOR: But Meyerwithdraws anyway.
404
00:33:33,264 --> 00:33:35,998
He would later claim that heknew Caen could not be held.
405
00:33:36,301 --> 00:33:39,068
Hitler's order to holdthe city to the last bullet,
406
00:33:39,304 --> 00:33:42,238
would mean the needless andfutile sacrifice of his men.
407
00:33:42,841 --> 00:33:46,409
Thus, the desperatefighting on July 8th,was to bide time for the
408
00:33:46,478 --> 00:33:50,847
evacuation of Meyer'swounded soldiers underthe cover of darkness.
409
00:33:51,116 --> 00:33:53,916
They devise a plan to delaythe capture of the Abbaye,
410
00:33:53,985 --> 00:33:57,386
and make it as costly aspossible for the Canadians.
411
00:34:05,697 --> 00:34:09,665
The Regina Rifles encounterthe German soldiers leftto cover the withdrawal.
412
00:34:11,970 --> 00:34:13,803
(gunfire)
413
00:34:15,940 --> 00:34:19,709
-They launch one final assault
and they find a way through
414
00:34:19,777 --> 00:34:23,045
and around those walls
and drive the Germans out.
415
00:34:28,553 --> 00:34:31,287
NARRATOR: Some of theCanadians begin to pushinto the Abbaye courtyard.
416
00:34:33,091 --> 00:34:35,091
DAVID: Captain Brown
calls the soldiers back and
417
00:34:35,193 --> 00:34:36,792
he tells them to dig
in outside of the walls.
418
00:34:39,063 --> 00:34:41,797
NARRATOR: Having fought theGermans for a month now Brownknows they are not safe yet.
419
00:34:42,767 --> 00:34:45,401
The Germans will havepre-ranged their guns.
420
00:34:46,804 --> 00:34:50,306
-One of the nice things about
occupying a position when
you're on the defense is you
421
00:34:50,408 --> 00:34:51,908
have it perfectly
placed on your map,
422
00:34:52,010 --> 00:34:54,810
which means your artillery
knows exactly where to hit it.
423
00:34:58,082 --> 00:35:00,883
NARRATOR: Learning that alliedtroops have reached the walls,
424
00:35:01,186 --> 00:35:04,287
Meyer orders an artillerybarrage against the Abbaye.
425
00:35:08,760 --> 00:35:12,528
Brown's shrewd ordersprevent further casualtiesamongst his men.
426
00:35:16,401 --> 00:35:21,270
But they have yet to completelyachieve their objectiveto occupy the Abbaye itself.
427
00:35:23,163 --> 00:35:27,198
(explosions)
428
00:35:30,103 --> 00:35:33,438
NARRATOR: HeavyGerman shelling preventsacting Major Gordon Brown
429
00:35:33,506 --> 00:35:37,308
and the rest of the ReginaRifles' D Company from fullycapturing the Abbaye D'ardenne.
430
00:35:44,751 --> 00:35:47,151
(gunfire)
431
00:35:47,220 --> 00:35:51,456
As the men endurethe barrage, their lostplatoon finally reappears.
432
00:35:55,762 --> 00:35:59,197
During their absence,16th platoon has been busy.
433
00:36:01,234 --> 00:36:04,068
DAVID: 16th Platoon is
able to achieve something
pretty remarkable.
434
00:36:12,712 --> 00:36:16,447
NARRATOR: They've knocked outa battery of German 88 guns.
435
00:36:17,083 --> 00:36:20,518
-This means that any Sherman
tanks coming up behind them
are now free to move
436
00:36:20,620 --> 00:36:23,321
in the open countryside.
437
00:36:26,426 --> 00:36:29,060
NARRATOR: The platoon'sreappearance bringsthe company's strength to
438
00:36:29,129 --> 00:36:33,064
70 soldiers but Brownknows he needs more men,
439
00:36:33,166 --> 00:36:35,767
if he's going to takeand hold the Abbaye.
440
00:36:36,369 --> 00:36:38,636
TIM: They've fought for
five and a half hours.
441
00:36:39,406 --> 00:36:42,640
They've lost about 200
soldiers killed and wounded.
442
00:36:42,742 --> 00:36:45,543
Many of them left strewn
over the battlefield.
443
00:36:45,779 --> 00:36:48,780
And now in the dark
crying out for help.
444
00:36:48,848 --> 00:36:51,382
Um, but there's
no communication
from front to rear.
445
00:36:51,451 --> 00:36:53,818
Um, though,
there's no wireless.
446
00:36:53,920 --> 00:36:56,020
There's no telephones.
447
00:36:56,089 --> 00:36:59,857
NARRATOR: Brown, anda lieutenant return to thevillage of Authie on foot to
448
00:36:59,926 --> 00:37:03,394
request reinforcementsand inform headquartersof their progress.
449
00:37:12,505 --> 00:37:17,108
But on their way, thetwo men are caught in asustained mortar attack.
450
00:37:20,713 --> 00:37:25,416
(explosions)
451
00:37:26,019 --> 00:37:28,553
They endure the80-round bombardment.
452
00:37:29,989 --> 00:37:32,457
The shelling is anotherphase of Colonel Kurt Meyer's
453
00:37:32,525 --> 00:37:36,027
plan to coverthe German retreat ofthe 12th SS from Caen.
454
00:37:38,264 --> 00:37:41,332
Meyer's withdrawal provessensible, to protect theunit's fighting strength.
455
00:37:45,071 --> 00:37:48,139
By the second week of July,German battle casualties in
456
00:37:48,208 --> 00:37:52,610
western Europe totaledmore than 100,000 men.
457
00:37:52,812 --> 00:37:56,614
Yet German command hadmanaged to replace only9% of their manpower losses.
458
00:38:00,120 --> 00:38:04,322
Late into the night Brownreturns to the Abbaye wallswith reinforcements...
459
00:38:04,991 --> 00:38:09,193
the Regina Rifles A-Company,which had been held in reserve.
460
00:38:10,864 --> 00:38:14,398
(gunfire)
461
00:38:22,075 --> 00:38:25,576
In the early morninghours of July 9th, theGerman shelling stops.
462
00:38:30,917 --> 00:38:32,783
-It's an eerie calm.
463
00:38:32,852 --> 00:38:34,919
I couldn't imagine what
it'd be like to look around
464
00:38:35,021 --> 00:38:37,455
and not hear bullets
whizzing by your face.
465
00:38:37,524 --> 00:38:39,991
And not hear artillery
rounds exploding around you.
466
00:38:40,059 --> 00:38:42,693
And suddenly realize
that for a brief period
there's some calm.
467
00:38:43,630 --> 00:38:46,397
You've done it.
468
00:38:53,806 --> 00:38:57,141
NARRATOR: At first light, theRegina Rifles A and D Companies
469
00:38:57,243 --> 00:39:00,077
advance cautiouslyinto the courtyard.
470
00:39:03,449 --> 00:39:05,550
PETER: So, when
Meyer retreats, he
471
00:39:05,618 --> 00:39:09,020
tries to delay the enemy's
advance by leaving snipers.
472
00:39:09,088 --> 00:39:13,257
This gives his own troops
time to withdraw in good order.
473
00:39:14,961 --> 00:39:19,363
With snipers and booby traps,
the enemy doesn't feel secure.
474
00:39:20,567 --> 00:39:22,900
He doesn't know
where the enemy is,
where he's coming from,
475
00:39:22,969 --> 00:39:25,636
so he must be very
cautious when he advances.
476
00:39:28,341 --> 00:39:31,609
NARRATOR: It takes themuntil mid-afternoon to clearthe Abbaye of German snipers.
477
00:39:40,720 --> 00:39:45,990
♪ ♪
478
00:39:48,261 --> 00:39:52,263
Inside the Abbaye theydiscover the headquartersin the cellar.
479
00:40:02,141 --> 00:40:08,279
♪ ♪
480
00:40:13,052 --> 00:40:15,786
-Captain Brown who himself
is beyond exhaustion.
481
00:40:15,855 --> 00:40:19,690
He, he later talks about
almost being delirious,
uh, hallucinating.
482
00:40:30,503 --> 00:40:35,673
NARRATOR: An exhaustedGordon Brown pours adrink, climbs into the bed,
483
00:40:38,845 --> 00:40:41,646
and falls asleep.
484
00:40:54,294 --> 00:40:57,461
The western half of Caen tothe Orne River would fall to
485
00:40:57,530 --> 00:41:00,631
the allies bythe end of July 9th.
486
00:41:03,369 --> 00:41:07,638
During Operation Charnwood,the Regina Riflessuffer 216 casualties,
487
00:41:09,108 --> 00:41:12,376
including 36 men killed.
488
00:41:12,712 --> 00:41:17,281
-In terms of the casualties
on that day, something
like 50% of the combat soldiers
489
00:41:18,318 --> 00:41:20,718
were killed,
wounded or taken prisoner.
490
00:41:20,787 --> 00:41:24,522
The casualties were so
severe for Charlie Company
and Baker Company that after
491
00:41:24,590 --> 00:41:27,958
this combat on
the 8th and 9th of July,
they were non-operational.
492
00:41:30,730 --> 00:41:33,764
NARRATOR: French civiliansare also deeply affected.
493
00:41:33,833 --> 00:41:37,868
Up to 75% of Caen lay inruins and hundreds were killed.
494
00:41:45,278 --> 00:41:49,680
After the war,Colonel Kurt Meyer faces trialfor war crimes for his part
495
00:41:49,749 --> 00:41:53,184
in the execution ofCanadian prisoners of warat the Abbaye D'ardenne.
496
00:41:55,855 --> 00:41:59,323
Meyer would be sentencedto death later commutedto life imprisonment.
497
00:42:01,928 --> 00:42:05,262
He serves nine yearsbefore being released.
498
00:42:06,299 --> 00:42:08,199
The two Canadiancompany commanders,
499
00:42:08,267 --> 00:42:10,201
Majors Stuart Tubband Eric Symes,
500
00:42:10,303 --> 00:42:13,437
recover and survive the war.
501
00:42:13,706 --> 00:42:17,274
Major Tubb is later awardedthe Distinguished ServiceOrder for his leadership and
502
00:42:17,377 --> 00:42:20,010
coolness in theface of enemy fire.
503
00:42:20,947 --> 00:42:25,116
Gordon Brown continues toserve throughout the war,and would earn the
504
00:42:25,184 --> 00:42:28,786
Distinguished Service Orderfor personal valor anddevotion to duty.
505
00:42:31,290 --> 00:42:35,793
While ultimately successful,the capture of Caen,confirms that allied gains
506
00:42:35,862 --> 00:42:39,330
could be slow and sometimesmeasured only in yards.
507
00:42:39,399 --> 00:42:43,934
PETER: It is clear to the
Allies the road to Berlin
is not a simple walkover.
508
00:42:44,370 --> 00:42:47,037
It will be a costly
and bloody campaign.
509
00:42:48,908 --> 00:42:52,676
NARRATOR: And the warin Europe would continuefor another 10 months.
510
00:42:55,681 --> 00:42:57,548
Captioned by Cotter
Captioning Services.
52678
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