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KIRBY: This is gonna be sweet!
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00:00:02,769 --> 00:00:04,499
CHARLIE: Hey, guys.
Charlie here, you
know my sister Kirby.
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00:00:04,571 --> 00:00:06,241
KIRBY: Hey guys.
CHARLIE: We seem
a little excited.
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00:00:06,306 --> 00:00:07,666
KIRBY: Like we're
freaking out a little bit.
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00:00:07,741 --> 00:00:10,481
CHARLIE: Weird but true,
on average the human heart
beats 100,000 times a day,
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00:00:10,543 --> 00:00:13,783
but today, I'm so amped up
I just might double that.
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00:00:13,847 --> 00:00:15,447
KIRBY: So stoked.
CHARLIE: Ready?
KIRBY: Yep!
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00:00:15,515 --> 00:00:18,645
PILOT: Here we go.
CHARLIE: This is amazing!!
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00:00:19,219 --> 00:00:21,789
BOTH: It's time
for Weird But True!
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00:00:24,958 --> 00:00:31,198
(theme music plays)
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00:00:42,175 --> 00:00:44,405
KIRBY: Alright Charles, let's
try one more from the top.
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00:00:44,477 --> 00:00:45,707
CHARLIE: Cool. Cool.
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00:00:45,779 --> 00:00:48,879
Hey guys, Kirby and I are
just practicing for this
weekend's science fair.
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00:00:48,948 --> 00:00:49,978
Check it out!
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00:00:50,050 --> 00:00:51,520
KIRBY: You have
thirty seconds.
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00:00:51,584 --> 00:00:52,824
And, go!
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00:00:55,622 --> 00:00:59,432
CHARLIE (off-screen): In the
shadow of an active volcano,
a family of Mobster Robots
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00:00:59,492 --> 00:01:01,462
attacks a local village.
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00:01:01,528 --> 00:01:02,428
ROBOT: Affirmative.
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00:01:02,495 --> 00:01:05,265
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Youz guys better POMPEII
us our monies.
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00:01:05,331 --> 00:01:07,631
Beep bop beep,
bada bing, bada boom.
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00:01:07,934 --> 00:01:12,614
And just when all hope
seems lost, Neil deGrasse
Tyson descends from
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00:01:12,672 --> 00:01:16,282
the stratosphere to
evacuate the local town.
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00:01:17,077 --> 00:01:20,747
But is there enough time
before the volcano explodes?
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00:01:21,247 --> 00:01:22,617
(screams)
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00:01:22,982 --> 00:01:24,882
(Charlie makes battle sounds).
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00:01:27,654 --> 00:01:28,894
KIRBY: And, time!
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00:01:28,955 --> 00:01:31,785
CASEY: That's your
science presentation?
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00:01:31,858 --> 00:01:33,958
CHARLIE: Hey guys.
Yeah! You better believe it!
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00:01:34,527 --> 00:01:38,827
KIRBY: It's got dinos and
robots and astrophysicists
with mustaches!
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00:01:38,898 --> 00:01:41,028
So it's science fair gold!
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00:01:41,101 --> 00:01:42,271
PATRICK: Where's the science?
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00:01:42,335 --> 00:01:44,435
CASEY: Yeah, I mean like
what kind of volcano is
that anyways?
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00:01:44,504 --> 00:01:45,774
CHARLIE: Trick question!
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00:01:45,839 --> 00:01:47,539
There's only one
type of volcano.
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00:01:47,607 --> 00:01:49,277
Deadly!
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00:01:49,342 --> 00:01:53,012
CASEY: Guys, there's all
kinds of volcanoes and
different eruptions,
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00:01:53,079 --> 00:01:54,709
even different kinds of lavas.
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00:01:54,781 --> 00:01:58,081
PATRICK: And isn't
Neil deGrasse Tyson
focused on like, space?
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00:01:58,151 --> 00:02:01,191
KIRBY: I mean, If we're
being nitpicky I guess.
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00:02:01,254 --> 00:02:03,194
CASEY: You guys are
the crafty siblings.
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00:02:03,256 --> 00:02:04,956
I'm the brains of the family.
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00:02:05,024 --> 00:02:08,394
PATRICK: Three-time defending
science fair championship
brains of the family!
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00:02:08,461 --> 00:02:09,361
CASEY: That's right!
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00:02:09,429 --> 00:02:10,829
And Patrick's
the craft muscle.
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00:02:10,897 --> 00:02:12,927
And, the muscle-muscle too.
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00:02:12,999 --> 00:02:14,399
CHARLIE: When did this happen?
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00:02:14,467 --> 00:02:16,837
PATRICK: And this is gonna win
us our fourth championship!
49
00:02:16,903 --> 00:02:20,843
"The Theoretical Distribution
of Planetary Objects in the
Unobservable Universe."
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00:02:20,907 --> 00:02:22,407
KIRBY: You guys are
going to build that?
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00:02:22,475 --> 00:02:23,535
PATRICK: Yes, ma'am.
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00:02:23,610 --> 00:02:26,450
CASEY: C'mon Pat, let's go
perform a fractional
distillation in the kitchen.
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00:02:26,513 --> 00:02:28,413
Have fun with your, crafts.
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00:02:28,781 --> 00:02:30,321
KIRBY: What the heck?
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00:02:30,383 --> 00:02:31,953
The crafty ones?
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00:02:32,018 --> 00:02:34,748
CHARLIE: I mean, I guess they
had a point though, right?
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00:02:34,821 --> 00:02:38,121
If we want to beat them in the
science fair, we really gotta
step up our science game.
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00:02:38,191 --> 00:02:39,491
KIRBY: I'll do
whatever it takes.
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00:02:39,559 --> 00:02:40,929
CHARLIE: Okay, I guess
you know what that means?
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00:02:40,994 --> 00:02:43,964
KIRBY: Of course.
CHARLIE: Today, we're
unraveling the world of...
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00:02:46,566 --> 00:02:48,066
BOTH (off-screen): Volcanoes!
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00:02:50,069 --> 00:02:52,169
CHARLIE: Cool,
cool, so volcanoes!
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00:02:52,639 --> 00:02:54,309
Nature's nostrils.
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00:02:54,374 --> 00:02:57,114
KIRBY: Blowing red hot snot
rockets all over land and sea.
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00:02:57,377 --> 00:03:00,707
CHARLIE: The problem is,
we can make a super sweet
volcano diorama.
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00:03:00,780 --> 00:03:02,520
KIRBY: But we kind of
know nothing about 'em.
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00:03:02,582 --> 00:03:03,952
CHARLIE: We're gonna
need some help, Kirb.
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00:03:04,017 --> 00:03:05,387
KIRBY: Well we're in luck!
Check it out.
69
00:03:05,451 --> 00:03:07,491
I was online and look
at this video I found.
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00:03:07,554 --> 00:03:09,664
CHARLIE: Are you looking
for heaps of adventure?
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00:03:09,722 --> 00:03:12,362
Does the smell of sulfur
in the morning getcha goin'?
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00:03:12,425 --> 00:03:16,225
Are you willing to risk your
life and the life of those
you love to hellie over
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00:03:16,296 --> 00:03:18,526
every volcano known to man?
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00:03:18,598 --> 00:03:20,768
Well I reckon you've
come to the right place!
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00:03:20,833 --> 00:03:25,643
Willie Moore's Volcano Tours
flying you better than ever
over all volcanoes.
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00:03:25,705 --> 00:03:28,435
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Like this type!
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00:03:28,808 --> 00:03:31,578
Some call 'em ash cones.
I call 'em ashies.
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00:03:32,045 --> 00:03:35,775
They get their name from the
shape that's made when lava
is hurled from the vents
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00:03:35,848 --> 00:03:37,848
and cools on the sides.
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00:03:37,917 --> 00:03:39,547
KIRBY: It's beautiful!
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00:03:39,619 --> 00:03:41,749
CHARLIE: Next up is
a dead-set-rippah.
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00:03:42,322 --> 00:03:46,132
Composite volcanoes, otherwise
known as stratovolcanoes.
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00:03:46,459 --> 00:03:49,699
Mt. Fuji, Mount Rainier,
both Straties.
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00:03:50,129 --> 00:03:54,329
CHARLIE: They typically have
vents and fissures that
release magma and gas,
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00:03:54,400 --> 00:03:57,940
but beware, these ones
go bonkers and explode!
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00:03:58,004 --> 00:03:59,844
KIRBY: Amazing!
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00:03:59,906 --> 00:04:02,606
CHARLIE: And for those
who think they can really
handle the jandle,
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00:04:02,675 --> 00:04:04,605
we have shield volcanoes.
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00:04:04,677 --> 00:04:06,577
These ones look
just like that.
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00:04:06,646 --> 00:04:10,176
And the bigger ones take
over a million years to form!
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00:04:10,850 --> 00:04:12,790
CHARLIE: Hold onto your hats!
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00:04:12,852 --> 00:04:14,622
CHARLIE: What was
that guy talking about?
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00:04:14,687 --> 00:04:17,317
KIRBY: That there are a few
different types of volcanoes
like ash cone,
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00:04:17,390 --> 00:04:19,290
composite, and shield.
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00:04:19,359 --> 00:04:22,229
CHARLIE: Our volcano diorama
doesn't look like any of
those so we're definitely
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00:04:22,295 --> 00:04:24,395
gonna have to change
the outside of it.
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00:04:24,464 --> 00:04:25,774
KIRBY: And what
about the inside?
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00:04:25,832 --> 00:04:29,202
CHARLIE: I think we got
something back here, uh, ha.
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Boom!
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00:04:30,970 --> 00:04:35,170
"Classic Volcano
Anatomy for the Artist"
by Madame Eruption.
101
00:04:35,241 --> 00:04:37,111
KIRBY: How
specific and convenient.
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00:04:37,176 --> 00:04:38,536
Let me see that.
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00:04:41,581 --> 00:04:44,251
KIRBY: Bonjour, I
am Madame Eruption!
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00:04:44,317 --> 00:04:47,647
And this is my
assistant from America,
how do you say your name?
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CHARLIE: Hank.
KIRBY: Honk.
CHARLIE: Hank.
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00:04:49,222 --> 00:04:51,022
KIRBY: Honk.
CHARLIE: Hank!
KIRBY: Hank.
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00:04:51,090 --> 00:04:52,330
CHARLIE: Sure.
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00:04:52,392 --> 00:04:55,502
KIRBY: So most people think
volcanoes are hollow like a,
hollow baguette.
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00:04:55,561 --> 00:05:00,271
To them I say, "You
silly Americans, there is
a world of beauty inside!"
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00:05:00,333 --> 00:05:02,703
Inside the passionate
belly of the beast.
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00:05:02,769 --> 00:05:05,869
Inside the, what is
this, this name here?
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00:05:05,938 --> 00:05:07,338
CHARLIE: It's a magma chamber.
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00:05:07,407 --> 00:05:10,937
KIRBY: The magma rock is
under great pressure and
when given the chance,
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00:05:11,010 --> 00:05:17,380
will rise to the surface,
come on, filling these tubes,
which we call, the tubes?
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00:05:17,450 --> 00:05:18,890
CHARLIE: Dikes.
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00:05:19,319 --> 00:05:22,389
KIRBY: Some will continue on,
greeting the surface, forming.
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00:05:22,455 --> 00:05:24,085
CHARLIE: Secondary vents.
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00:05:24,157 --> 00:05:29,427
KIRBY: Now, the magma is
ready to follow through zee,
this here, this here?
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00:05:29,495 --> 00:05:32,025
CHARLIE: Main vent.
KIRBY: Pirouetting past the...
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00:05:32,098 --> 00:05:33,528
CHARLIE: Throat.
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00:05:33,599 --> 00:05:38,469
KIRBY: This volcanic symphony
rising to a crescendo as it
flies through the air like
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00:05:38,538 --> 00:05:40,668
an eagle taking wing!
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00:05:40,740 --> 00:05:41,770
CHARLIE: Awesome.
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00:05:41,841 --> 00:05:44,411
KIRBY: The magma then
rains down, turning to cinder.
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00:05:44,477 --> 00:05:46,507
Tres magnifique!
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00:05:46,579 --> 00:05:48,309
CHARLIE: Le magmafique!
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00:05:48,381 --> 00:05:51,751
KIRBY: Charles, I think this
book could really help us make
a sweet volcano.
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00:05:51,818 --> 00:05:54,188
Charles?
Charles?
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00:05:54,554 --> 00:05:55,994
CHARLIE: Kirb!
Come check this out!
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00:05:56,456 --> 00:06:00,526
KIRBY: Whoa, Charles!
CHARLIE: Not bad, right?
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00:06:00,593 --> 00:06:01,863
KIRBY: Not bad!
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00:06:01,928 --> 00:06:04,098
It looks like a real
composite volcano!
133
00:06:04,163 --> 00:06:06,403
CHARLIE: I'm thinking this
is just the start though.
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00:06:06,466 --> 00:06:07,496
KIRBY: Totally!
135
00:06:07,567 --> 00:06:09,497
Cause you know, science fairs
aren't just about cool crafts!
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00:06:09,569 --> 00:06:11,739
CHARLIE: Totally!
We need some cool
science in there too!
137
00:06:11,804 --> 00:06:15,244
KIRBY: Totally!
So now, we gotta
go see an eruption!
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00:06:15,541 --> 00:06:16,881
CHARLIE: Totally, wait, what?
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00:06:16,943 --> 00:06:20,853
KIRBY: Yeah, I want to see the
power, the carnage, the force!
140
00:06:20,913 --> 00:06:21,813
CHARLIE: Oh boy.
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00:06:21,881 --> 00:06:23,821
KIRBY: Guys, we're gonna
go see an erupting volcano!
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00:06:23,883 --> 00:06:24,953
Let's go.
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00:06:25,518 --> 00:06:27,988
CHARLIE (off-screen): When
your sister wants to come face
to face with an erupting
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00:06:28,054 --> 00:06:30,494
volcano, there's
only one place to go.
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00:06:30,556 --> 00:06:31,686
Hawaii!
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00:06:31,758 --> 00:06:35,628
The 50th state is a big chain
of islands in the middle of
the Pacific Ocean and home to
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00:06:35,695 --> 00:06:38,965
some of the most active
volcanoes in the entire U.S.!
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00:06:40,933 --> 00:06:43,503
KIRBY (off-screen):
Weird but true, sharks have
been found living inside
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00:06:43,569 --> 00:06:45,639
an active underwater volcano!
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00:06:51,444 --> 00:06:53,984
CHARLIE: Hey, guys,
we just got here to
the Jaggar Museum at
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00:06:54,046 --> 00:06:58,146
Hawaii Volcanoes National
Park on the Big island of
Hawaii where we're gonna
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00:06:58,217 --> 00:07:00,847
talk to an expert on the
subject, Ranger Newman.
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00:07:01,387 --> 00:07:04,457
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Michael Newman grew up in
Hawaii around volcanoes
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00:07:04,524 --> 00:07:07,794
and even kept a volcano
reference book under his pillow.
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00:07:08,127 --> 00:07:11,627
RANGER NEWMAN: Weird but true,
the Hawaiian Islands are
actually moving one to two
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00:07:11,697 --> 00:07:15,227
inches every year
north-northwest, over the
Hawaiian hot spot.
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00:07:16,636 --> 00:07:18,066
RANGER NEWMAN:
Aloha, Charlie and Kirby.
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00:07:18,137 --> 00:07:19,707
This is Mauna Loa.
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00:07:19,772 --> 00:07:21,942
What we call a shield volcano.
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00:07:22,008 --> 00:07:24,478
It's a very broad
and elongated volcano.
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00:07:24,544 --> 00:07:27,354
It's the largest
active volcano on earth.
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00:07:27,413 --> 00:07:28,283
CHARLIE: Whoa!
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You say it's an active volcano,
but it's not erupting now?
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00:07:31,284 --> 00:07:32,624
RANGER NEWMAN: It's not.
CHARLIE: Okay.
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00:07:32,685 --> 00:07:34,045
So it has the
potential to erupt.
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00:07:34,120 --> 00:07:35,390
RANGER NEWMAN: Has
the potential to erupt.
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00:07:35,455 --> 00:07:36,515
CHARLIE: At any time.
RANGER NEWMAN: Yeah.
168
00:07:36,589 --> 00:07:38,119
CHARLIE: But
it's not right now.
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00:07:38,191 --> 00:07:39,591
CHARLIE: If it finally
erupted, what would it look
like right here?
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00:07:39,659 --> 00:07:40,929
RANGER NEWMAN: Oh,
it'd look spectacular.
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00:07:40,993 --> 00:07:44,063
You'd probably see a massive
glow emerging out of the
summit of the volcano
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00:07:44,130 --> 00:07:45,400
from a caldera.
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00:07:45,465 --> 00:07:48,365
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Cool science word, caldera.
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00:07:48,434 --> 00:07:53,044
That's the spot at the top
of the volcano that looks
kind of like a bowl.
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00:07:53,105 --> 00:07:56,575
It's formed when the magma
chamber collapses as the
volcano erupts.
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00:07:58,978 --> 00:08:01,908
RANGER NEWMAN: When the
magma comes out of the
ground it becomes lava.
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00:08:01,981 --> 00:08:04,781
Here in Hawaii we have
very effusive lava flows.
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00:08:04,851 --> 00:08:09,691
We have large fountains,
rivers of lavas, and you'll
see remnants of old lava flows
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00:08:09,755 --> 00:08:12,115
all the way down the
flanks of this volcano.
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00:08:12,191 --> 00:08:15,231
One that particularly
shows out is a large
a'a flow,
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00:08:15,294 --> 00:08:18,364
that very dark lava, it's
very clinkery and jagged.
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00:08:18,431 --> 00:08:20,501
KIRBY: A'a.
CHARLIE: A'a lava?
RANGER NEWMAN: A'a, yeah.
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00:08:20,566 --> 00:08:22,736
If you touch it you
might go "Ah, ah!"
It's very sharp.
184
00:08:23,336 --> 00:08:26,066
Another type of lava is
something called pahoehoe.
185
00:08:26,138 --> 00:08:31,478
Pahoehoe is very fluid,
very smooth, and it
forms a thin crust.
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00:08:31,744 --> 00:08:34,354
CHARLIE: So, the main
difference between
'em is how thick it is.
187
00:08:34,413 --> 00:08:35,853
RANGER NEWMAN: Yes, exactly.
188
00:08:36,249 --> 00:08:39,649
CHARLIE: There are uh two
different types of lava that
uh occur on land.
189
00:08:39,719 --> 00:08:42,189
That are different based
off their uh viscosities.
190
00:08:42,255 --> 00:08:45,825
Viscosity is a term that
refers to how uh thick
something is.
191
00:08:45,892 --> 00:08:51,202
CHARLIE: For example, honey is
uh very viscous so thicker
than uh maple syrup or water.
192
00:08:51,631 --> 00:08:54,601
Pretend that these
cupcakes are uh volcanoes.
193
00:08:59,605 --> 00:09:03,635
CHARLIE: As the magma
is under intense heat and
uh pressure it uh rises
194
00:09:03,709 --> 00:09:05,439
up to the earth's surface.
195
00:09:06,145 --> 00:09:09,715
CHARLIE: Thicker lava
that is uh more viscous
is called uh a'a.
196
00:09:10,283 --> 00:09:13,823
Thinner lava that is uh less
viscous is called uh Pahoehoe.
197
00:09:14,487 --> 00:09:15,917
And they dry differently too.
198
00:09:15,988 --> 00:09:17,258
(Ding).
199
00:09:18,524 --> 00:09:22,234
CHARLIE: A'a dries
very uh sharp and spiky,
200
00:09:22,528 --> 00:09:25,998
but pahoehoe dries very
uh nice and uh smooth.
201
00:09:27,099 --> 00:09:29,599
Ooh! Ah! Ooh, ooh!
202
00:09:33,139 --> 00:09:37,409
CHARLIE (off-screen): Ranger
Newman has another surprise
form of lava to show us.
203
00:09:37,476 --> 00:09:39,676
RANGER NEWMAN: This right
here is called Pele's hair.
204
00:09:39,745 --> 00:09:44,245
What happens is molten
lava is ejected up into
the air skyward and the heat
205
00:09:44,317 --> 00:09:48,747
and gases causes that
droplet of lava to extend
out into a long glass fiber.
206
00:09:48,821 --> 00:09:52,531
If you look all on the ground
here you'll see all these
fragments of volcanic
207
00:09:52,592 --> 00:09:54,792
glass that's blown all
over this area.
208
00:09:54,860 --> 00:09:57,700
CHARLIE: It's like kind of
soft like hair but it's
like a little crinkly.
209
00:09:57,763 --> 00:09:59,703
It's not sharp like
glass at all though.
210
00:09:59,765 --> 00:10:01,165
RANGER NEWMAN: Feels
like sharp cotton candy.
211
00:10:01,233 --> 00:10:03,443
KIRBY: Yeah.
CHARLIE: Yeah.
KIRBY: Sharp cotton candy.
212
00:10:03,502 --> 00:10:05,142
CHARLIE: Oh man.
KIRBY: That's what it is.
213
00:10:05,204 --> 00:10:08,874
CHARLIE (off-screen):
The volcanic glass we
found comes from the nearby
214
00:10:08,941 --> 00:10:11,141
Kilauea Volcano where
we're headed next.
215
00:10:11,444 --> 00:10:13,614
CHARLIE: What is this?
Right here?
216
00:10:14,046 --> 00:10:15,546
This is huge!
217
00:10:15,615 --> 00:10:18,245
RANGER NEWMAN:
It's a crater that's
filled with molten lava,
218
00:10:18,584 --> 00:10:22,054
it's a lake of lava
that churns and surges.
219
00:10:22,121 --> 00:10:24,221
CHARLIE: If this is the
shield volcano, right?
220
00:10:24,290 --> 00:10:25,860
RANGER NEWMAN: Yes.
CHARLIE: All the
way right here.
221
00:10:25,925 --> 00:10:27,055
Where are we right now?
222
00:10:27,126 --> 00:10:28,456
RANGER NEWMAN: We are
right here on the top.
223
00:10:28,527 --> 00:10:29,897
CHARLIE: That's so wicked!
224
00:10:29,962 --> 00:10:33,272
RANGER NEWMAN: In the
Kilauea Caldera, we have
an Halema'uma'u Crater.
225
00:10:33,332 --> 00:10:36,242
And it's within that crater
that we have our current
active eruption.
226
00:10:36,302 --> 00:10:38,572
KIRBY: Wow.
CHARLIE: Trying to
get that right, Kirb.
227
00:10:38,638 --> 00:10:40,138
How, what is this name?
228
00:10:40,206 --> 00:10:42,066
RANGER NEWMAN: Halema'uma'u.
CHARLIE: Halema'uma'u.
229
00:10:42,141 --> 00:10:43,541
RANGER NEWMAN: There you go.
230
00:10:43,609 --> 00:10:46,579
CHARLIE: How hot does it get
right next to the lava lake?
231
00:10:46,646 --> 00:10:49,676
RANGER NEWMAN: The
lava lake is around
2,000 degrees Fahrenheit,
232
00:10:49,749 --> 00:10:50,819
so it's very dangerous.
233
00:10:50,883 --> 00:10:52,853
And every now and then
we'll have massive explosions.
234
00:10:52,918 --> 00:10:54,088
KIRBY: Yikes.
235
00:10:54,153 --> 00:10:57,193
CHARLIE: So if we can't get
much closer to this one,
what's the best way to
236
00:10:57,256 --> 00:10:59,056
get close to lava?
237
00:10:59,125 --> 00:11:01,485
RANGER NEWMAN: Well one place
you can go is to check out our
Pu'u O'o lava flows.
238
00:11:01,560 --> 00:11:04,200
CHARLIE: Alright guys, we're
gonna figure out how we can
get as close as possible.
239
00:11:04,263 --> 00:11:06,103
Ranger Newman, thank you so
much for your help today.
240
00:11:06,165 --> 00:11:07,425
RANGER NEWMAN:
Nice meeting you.
KIRBY: Thank you.
241
00:11:07,500 --> 00:11:09,040
RANGER NEWMAN: See you, Kirby.
CHARLIE: We
really appreciate it.
242
00:11:09,969 --> 00:11:13,539
CHARLIE: Alright guys,
we're taking to the sky
to check out some volcanoes.
243
00:11:13,606 --> 00:11:16,906
KIRBY (off-screen): Meet Scott
Jorgensen, volcano tour guide.
244
00:11:17,643 --> 00:11:20,553
He spends his days flying
over erupting volcanoes.
245
00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:22,210
How cool is that?
246
00:11:22,715 --> 00:11:26,715
SCOTT: Weird but true, there
was a Hawaiian king that
actually won a battle because
247
00:11:26,786 --> 00:11:28,246
of a volcanic eruption.
248
00:11:29,622 --> 00:11:31,222
SCOTT: Alright, here we go.
249
00:11:34,060 --> 00:11:35,660
We are up and cruising folks.
250
00:11:36,062 --> 00:11:39,402
What I want to do to start
things off is take us off
shore to Kilauea Volcano.
251
00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:43,940
What you're really seeing
is, literally, the birth
of the youngest land
252
00:11:44,003 --> 00:11:45,143
on the entire Earth.
253
00:11:45,538 --> 00:11:48,508
CHARLIE: So did all of this
land come from the volcano?
254
00:11:48,574 --> 00:11:49,714
SCOTT: Absolutely.
255
00:11:49,775 --> 00:11:53,705
In fact, you can't step
anywhere on the island
without being on one
256
00:11:53,779 --> 00:11:55,409
of the five volcanoes.
257
00:11:55,481 --> 00:11:56,751
CHARLIE: That's
absolutely crazy.
258
00:11:56,816 --> 00:11:58,476
That's awesome.
259
00:11:58,751 --> 00:12:00,621
Is this a'a or pahoehoe?
260
00:12:00,686 --> 00:12:04,516
SCOTT: This is an excellent
example of a very long
pahoehoe lava flow.
261
00:12:04,857 --> 00:12:07,687
CHARLIE: Are there
different kinds of eruptions?
262
00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:09,260
SCOTT: There are.
263
00:12:09,328 --> 00:12:13,098
The two major kinds of
eruptions are called
pyroclastic explosions,
264
00:12:13,165 --> 00:12:16,435
which is really typical
with stratovolcanoes like
Mount Saint Helens,
265
00:12:16,502 --> 00:12:20,542
and effusive eruptions,
like what we commonly
see here, very long,
266
00:12:20,606 --> 00:12:24,706
lasting, oozy lava flows,
that cover the surface
of the volcano,
267
00:12:24,777 --> 00:12:28,777
rather than a huge cloud
of hot ash and mud and gas.
268
00:12:29,882 --> 00:12:32,182
CHARLIE: Alright guys,
Scott mentioned that there
are two main different
269
00:12:32,251 --> 00:12:36,261
kinds of eruptions,
and even those types
break down into even more.
270
00:12:39,959 --> 00:12:42,129
CHARLIE: Alright folks, it's
time for everybody's favorite
271
00:12:42,194 --> 00:12:44,404
daytime volcano-based game show.
272
00:12:44,463 --> 00:12:47,173
GROUP: "Name that Eruption!"
273
00:12:49,034 --> 00:12:52,304
CHARLIE: I'll describe
a type of eruption,
and you have to name it.
274
00:12:52,772 --> 00:12:55,072
And your time starts now!
275
00:12:56,509 --> 00:12:59,509
This eruption type
is characterized by
a fluid flow of lava,
276
00:12:59,578 --> 00:13:01,348
as seen here in Hawaii.
277
00:13:01,947 --> 00:13:02,877
(Buzzer).
278
00:13:02,948 --> 00:13:04,378
KIRBY: Hawaiian!
279
00:13:04,450 --> 00:13:05,650
(Bell dings).
280
00:13:05,718 --> 00:13:07,018
CHARLIE: Oh, way to go!
You got it right.
281
00:13:07,086 --> 00:13:11,556
This next eruption type is
characterized by gas and ash
which form clouds as seen here
282
00:13:11,624 --> 00:13:13,534
in the Vulcan Islands.
283
00:13:13,592 --> 00:13:14,392
(Buzzer).
284
00:13:14,460 --> 00:13:15,560
KIRBY: Vulcanian?
285
00:13:15,628 --> 00:13:16,528
(Bell dings).
286
00:13:16,595 --> 00:13:18,495
CHARLIE: Alright!
Correct again!
Way to go.
287
00:13:18,964 --> 00:13:24,104
This next eruption type:
globs of lava continuously
erupt skyward as seen
288
00:13:24,170 --> 00:13:26,770
here at the Stromboli Volcano.
289
00:13:26,839 --> 00:13:28,469
(Buzzer).
290
00:13:28,541 --> 00:13:30,341
KIRBY: Uh, is it Strombolian?
291
00:13:30,409 --> 00:13:31,779
(Bell dings).
292
00:13:31,844 --> 00:13:33,384
CHARLIE: Correct-o!
Way to go!
293
00:13:33,445 --> 00:13:35,405
Final round, final question.
294
00:13:36,015 --> 00:13:42,285
Enormous jets of lava blast
skyward and eruption clouds
rise up to the stratosphere in
295
00:13:42,354 --> 00:13:46,934
this eruption type,
characteristic of the historic
event of Mt. Vesuv...
296
00:13:47,193 --> 00:13:48,093
(Buzzer).
297
00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:50,930
KIRBY: Vesuvian!
CROWD: Oh!
CHARLIE: Oh, incorrect.
298
00:13:50,996 --> 00:13:56,036
If you let me finish, I was
just about to say the historic
event at Mt. Vesuvius
299
00:13:56,101 --> 00:13:59,101
led to the death
of Pliny the Roman scholar.
300
00:13:59,171 --> 00:14:02,141
So we were actually
looking for "Plinian."
301
00:14:02,208 --> 00:14:04,378
CHARLIE: Ooh, so sorry.
302
00:14:04,443 --> 00:14:08,913
But she answered 3 of the 4
questions correctly, which
means we're sending our winner
303
00:14:08,981 --> 00:14:13,391
off to Hawaii to explore
some real Hawaiian volcanoes.
304
00:14:13,452 --> 00:14:14,692
On...
305
00:14:14,753 --> 00:14:18,363
GROUP: "Name that Eruption!"
CHARLIE: Ho, ho, ho.
306
00:14:18,824 --> 00:14:20,164
We'll see you guys later.
307
00:14:22,094 --> 00:14:24,304
KIRBY: We've got an
eruption in sight.
308
00:14:24,363 --> 00:14:28,773
We've got lava and
tons of smoke coming
out into the water.
309
00:14:28,834 --> 00:14:31,044
SCOTT: This is all
from one eruption.
310
00:14:31,103 --> 00:14:35,043
It started in January of 1983
and it has not stopped since.
311
00:14:35,107 --> 00:14:40,007
The longest lasting volcanic
eruption in all of known
history anywhere in the world.
312
00:14:40,079 --> 00:14:42,819
CHARLIE: Scott, I see
some glowing down there.
313
00:14:42,882 --> 00:14:46,252
SCOTT: When that liquid lava
rock pours into the ocean,
it explodes when it
314
00:14:46,318 --> 00:14:47,888
hits the cold water.
315
00:14:47,953 --> 00:14:51,393
It turns from liquid
lava rock into micro
particles of black sand.
316
00:14:51,457 --> 00:14:54,427
Eventually, that black sand
will become a black sand
beach somewhere.
317
00:14:54,493 --> 00:14:56,203
CHARLIE: Oh!
318
00:14:56,862 --> 00:14:58,962
It's so bubbly!
319
00:14:59,265 --> 00:15:01,465
It's gurgling in there!
320
00:15:01,533 --> 00:15:05,043
SCOTT: Now that cone
right there is called
the Pu'u O'o vent.
321
00:15:05,104 --> 00:15:08,074
This is the point of origin
of the whole eruption site.
322
00:15:08,140 --> 00:15:13,550
KIRBY: It looks like a
volcanic Jacuzzi, tiny little
waterfalls of orange neon.
323
00:15:13,612 --> 00:15:15,652
Oh it's so cool!
324
00:15:16,115 --> 00:15:20,215
SCOTT: That orange lava that
you see splashing around
inside that hole has been
325
00:15:20,286 --> 00:15:24,256
hiding out in the
mantle layer of the earth,
150 miles below the crust,
326
00:15:24,790 --> 00:15:26,490
until just this moment.
327
00:15:26,558 --> 00:15:27,958
KIRBY: Volcano breaking news.
328
00:15:28,027 --> 00:15:31,757
CHARLIE: We have a new
breakout up here, and we're
gonna go check it out.
329
00:15:32,131 --> 00:15:35,001
CHARLIE: We're
chasing the lava.
330
00:15:35,334 --> 00:15:38,104
CHARLIE: Oh, we see
it, right down there.
331
00:15:38,170 --> 00:15:40,970
SCOTT: Oh hey, that's a
good example of an a'a flow.
332
00:15:41,040 --> 00:15:42,340
KIRBY: It's pretty big.
333
00:15:42,408 --> 00:15:44,408
CHARLIE: And this just
showed up right now?
334
00:15:44,476 --> 00:15:47,376
SCOTT: Well, we passed up this
same way while we were heading
up there and we didn't see it,
335
00:15:47,446 --> 00:15:48,906
so this is brand, brand new.
336
00:15:48,981 --> 00:15:51,021
CHARLIE: Oh.
It's crumbling.
337
00:15:51,283 --> 00:15:54,493
A'a lava flows
forming right now.
338
00:15:54,787 --> 00:15:56,787
KIRBY: Charles, have you
seen anything like this ever?
339
00:15:56,855 --> 00:16:00,655
CHARLIE: No, I've never
seen giant glowing lava
spill out of the earth.
340
00:16:01,393 --> 00:16:02,833
This is a new one for me.
341
00:16:03,095 --> 00:16:05,455
Alright guys, I think
we did pretty good.
342
00:16:05,531 --> 00:16:06,731
What do you think, Kirb?
343
00:16:06,799 --> 00:16:08,369
KIRBY: Absolutely.
We saw it all today.
344
00:16:08,434 --> 00:16:11,504
CHARLIE: Now, is the
final step is just to
encapsulate all of it
345
00:16:11,570 --> 00:16:14,740
into the best volcano diorama.
346
00:16:15,107 --> 00:16:17,537
We're gonna head back
to HQ and get crafting.
347
00:16:18,344 --> 00:16:23,584
KIRBY (off-screen): Weird
but true, there are more than
130 volcanoes in Antarctica!
348
00:16:29,421 --> 00:16:34,291
CHARLIE: In conclusion,
the composite volcano
is just one of the many
349
00:16:34,360 --> 00:16:36,800
different types of volcanoes.
350
00:16:36,862 --> 00:16:38,362
Thank you.
351
00:16:38,430 --> 00:16:40,300
KIRBY: And, time.
That's it, right?
352
00:16:40,366 --> 00:16:42,166
CHARLIE: Yeah.
Hey guys. Check it out.
353
00:16:42,234 --> 00:16:45,574
Our new and
improved volcano diorama.
354
00:16:45,871 --> 00:16:47,211
Woo.
355
00:16:47,473 --> 00:16:52,243
KIRBY: We gave it a proper
magma chamber, dikes, side
vents, and a throat.
356
00:16:52,311 --> 00:16:54,811
CHARLIE: A'a and
pahoehoe lava.
357
00:16:54,880 --> 00:16:57,220
KIRBY: A Plinian eruption.
The most intense.
358
00:16:57,616 --> 00:17:02,086
CHARLIE: A giant plume
erupting from the top
with ash that will rain
359
00:17:02,154 --> 00:17:03,664
down from the sky.
360
00:17:03,722 --> 00:17:06,092
KIRBY: And it's great.
But something's off.
361
00:17:06,525 --> 00:17:08,155
CHARLIE: It's
missing that spice.
362
00:17:08,227 --> 00:17:12,457
KIRBY: It needs the pizazz of
the first one, but also be
scientifically accurate.
363
00:17:12,798 --> 00:17:15,868
CHARLIE: Hmmm,
perfect, I've got one.
364
00:17:15,934 --> 00:17:17,174
How about this?
365
00:17:17,469 --> 00:17:21,639
CHARLIE (off-screen): Let's
add a giant landslide just
like the one in 1980 with the
366
00:17:21,707 --> 00:17:23,707
Mt. St. Helen's eruption.
367
00:17:23,776 --> 00:17:26,546
KIRBY (off-screen):
Ooh, and how about some
lightning in the ash clouds?
368
00:17:26,912 --> 00:17:31,082
Scientists think that's
caused by ash particles
rubbing together.
369
00:17:31,150 --> 00:17:32,820
CHARLIE (off-screen): Nice!
370
00:17:32,885 --> 00:17:35,485
And adding some other
weird eruptions might help.
371
00:17:35,554 --> 00:17:39,164
They're caused when magma
super heats other things
underground.
372
00:17:39,224 --> 00:17:40,764
Like...
373
00:17:40,826 --> 00:17:42,656
Water turning into geysers.
374
00:17:43,028 --> 00:17:44,758
Gas turning into fumaroles.
375
00:17:44,830 --> 00:17:47,000
And mud turning into mudpots.
376
00:17:47,299 --> 00:17:48,729
KIRBY: This is
looking pretty awesome.
377
00:17:48,801 --> 00:17:50,101
CHARLIE: Yeah, I
don't want to stop!
378
00:17:50,169 --> 00:17:53,209
But, I've exhausted
all my resources.
What about you?
379
00:17:53,272 --> 00:17:56,382
KIRBY: Hmmm, we've read all
the books, and there are no
experts around.
380
00:17:56,442 --> 00:17:57,442
So.
381
00:17:57,509 --> 00:17:59,979
CHARLIE: But there
are two people that
we haven't asked yet.
382
00:18:00,045 --> 00:18:01,605
KIRBY: No.
CHARLIE: Kirb.
383
00:18:01,680 --> 00:18:03,080
KIRBY: Not them.
CHARLIE: Kirb.
384
00:18:03,148 --> 00:18:04,948
KIRBY: Charles,
they're our rivals!
385
00:18:05,017 --> 00:18:07,887
CHARLIE: Kirb.
I need more knowledge.
Come on!
386
00:18:07,953 --> 00:18:09,793
KIRBY: They better
have some good info.
387
00:18:14,193 --> 00:18:16,133
PATRICK: Spies!
Get out of here!
388
00:18:16,195 --> 00:18:17,325
CHARLIE: We just
want your help.
389
00:18:17,396 --> 00:18:20,226
We want to know everything
that you guys know about
volcanoes.
390
00:18:20,299 --> 00:18:22,869
CASEY: Really?
PATRICK: You want our help?
391
00:18:23,135 --> 00:18:24,865
CASEY: What's the catch?
KIRBY: No catch.
392
00:18:24,937 --> 00:18:27,867
You guys are just super smart,
even if that's hard to admit.
393
00:18:27,940 --> 00:18:30,840
CASEY: Wow.
PATRICK: You're not wrong.
CASEY: I mean, we are back.
394
00:18:30,909 --> 00:18:33,549
PATRICK: To back.
CASEY: To back
science fair champs.
395
00:18:33,612 --> 00:18:35,412
CASEY: I think we
can help you out.
396
00:18:38,917 --> 00:18:41,547
CASEY: Hmmm.
It looks good, but...
397
00:18:41,854 --> 00:18:43,894
PATRICK: We're gonna
need some more materials.
398
00:18:50,062 --> 00:18:53,472
CASEY: Individual volcanoes
exist as part of a larger
geothermal network.
399
00:18:53,532 --> 00:18:57,902
PATRICK: 95% of volcanoes fall
along these squiggly lines,
400
00:18:57,970 --> 00:19:00,440
the boundaries of
tectonic plates.
401
00:19:00,506 --> 00:19:03,276
PATRICK: They're
basically giant pieces of
the earth's crust that fit
402
00:19:03,342 --> 00:19:05,142
together like puzzle pieces.
403
00:19:05,210 --> 00:19:07,080
And, they're
constantly moving.
404
00:19:07,146 --> 00:19:10,316
KIRBY: So you're saying that
volcanoes are all kind of
connected,
405
00:19:10,382 --> 00:19:12,222
underneath the
earth's surface.
406
00:19:12,284 --> 00:19:14,254
CHARLIE: That's the
bigger picture you
were talking about!
407
00:19:14,319 --> 00:19:15,319
Right, Case?
408
00:19:15,387 --> 00:19:17,817
CASEY: Yeah, if you
guys incorporate this
stuff in your project,
409
00:19:17,890 --> 00:19:19,630
you'll have no problem
getting second place!
410
00:19:19,691 --> 00:19:20,891
KIRBY: We'll see about that.
411
00:19:20,959 --> 00:19:22,159
CHARLIE: Alright, guys, we've
got to work on our model,
412
00:19:22,227 --> 00:19:23,957
but we'll see you at
the science fair.
413
00:19:26,064 --> 00:19:28,734
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Many young scientists
set out to create
414
00:19:28,800 --> 00:19:30,900
unforgettable science
fair projects.
415
00:19:31,170 --> 00:19:32,870
Now, few remain.
416
00:19:32,938 --> 00:19:36,978
Included among them:
Charlie and Kirby,
the crafty duo,
417
00:19:37,042 --> 00:19:40,412
and Casey and Patrick,
returning champions.
418
00:19:41,280 --> 00:19:43,220
It's time to
face the judges.
419
00:19:46,318 --> 00:19:50,858
KIRBY: So, today for you
all, we made a composite
volcano in the middle
420
00:19:50,923 --> 00:19:53,233
of a Plinian eruption.
421
00:19:53,292 --> 00:19:54,592
CASEY: Kirby and Charlie.
422
00:19:54,660 --> 00:19:59,530
Unlike previous competitions,
this project clearly
demonstrates a mastery of both
423
00:19:59,598 --> 00:20:01,798
craft and science.
424
00:20:04,703 --> 00:20:10,383
CHARLIE: We were fascinated by
your decision to represent two
different types of lava.
425
00:20:11,143 --> 00:20:16,683
KIRBY: Your display of the
Plinian eruption, it was a,
426
00:20:16,748 --> 00:20:18,548
a good attempt.
427
00:20:19,218 --> 00:20:25,658
PATRICK: But the paper
lacks uh, the proper
viscosity needed for
428
00:20:25,724 --> 00:20:28,234
uh this type of lava flow.
429
00:20:28,794 --> 00:20:30,064
KIRBY: Thank you judges.
430
00:20:30,128 --> 00:20:31,258
CHARLIE: Thank you.
431
00:20:31,330 --> 00:20:34,370
CASEY: Casey and Patrick.
432
00:20:35,133 --> 00:20:38,843
CASEY: We used the solar
system to theorize the
distribution of planets in
433
00:20:38,904 --> 00:20:40,714
unobservable
stretches of space.
434
00:20:40,772 --> 00:20:43,642
CASEY: Your
experience is on display here.
435
00:20:43,709 --> 00:20:48,749
CHARLIE: You took a classic,
planets, and you breathed it
new life!
436
00:20:50,515 --> 00:20:54,915
KIRBY: Unfortunately, however,
there was far too much text.
437
00:20:56,388 --> 00:21:00,458
PATRICK: It's, unapproachable
for the casual Science Fair
attendee.
438
00:21:00,859 --> 00:21:02,659
CASEY: Thank you, judges.
439
00:21:03,462 --> 00:21:04,662
PATRICK: Thank you.
440
00:21:10,602 --> 00:21:12,002
CASEY: And, the winner is.
441
00:21:17,442 --> 00:21:19,752
Willie Moore and
Madame Eruption.
442
00:21:21,880 --> 00:21:22,980
CHARLIE: Wait, what?
443
00:21:23,048 --> 00:21:24,618
KIRBY: What the heck?
CASEY: I don't get it.
444
00:21:24,683 --> 00:21:25,983
KIRBY: Le magnifique!
445
00:21:26,051 --> 00:21:27,451
CHARLIE: Dead set rippah!
446
00:21:27,519 --> 00:21:29,219
Oh! Hey!
447
00:21:29,521 --> 00:21:30,891
CHARLIE: You know what, guys?
448
00:21:30,956 --> 00:21:33,286
I kind of don't
mind that we lost.
449
00:21:33,358 --> 00:21:37,028
KIRBY: Our volcano's
awesome, and it was fun
working with you guys, too.
450
00:21:37,095 --> 00:21:37,995
CASEY: Yeah!
451
00:21:38,063 --> 00:21:40,103
Each of our projects on
their own is pretty amazing.
452
00:21:40,165 --> 00:21:42,665
You know if we really wanted
to beat Willie Moore and
Madame Eruption,
453
00:21:42,734 --> 00:21:44,244
you know what we should do?
454
00:21:44,303 --> 00:21:45,543
KIRBY: You don't mean.
455
00:21:45,604 --> 00:21:49,174
PATRICK: You guys wanna
form a super science fair
power team or something?
456
00:21:49,241 --> 00:21:51,841
CHARLIE: Alright, guys, it
looks like we got a new
project on our hands.
457
00:21:51,910 --> 00:21:52,980
But thanks so much
for stopping by.
458
00:21:53,045 --> 00:21:55,545
Come by again when we discover
more things that are weird.
459
00:21:55,614 --> 00:21:57,324
KIRBY: But true!
CHARLIE: We'll see you later.
460
00:21:57,382 --> 00:21:58,552
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