All language subtitles for Why.We.Hate.S01E03.WEBRip.x264-ION10.HI

[ DOWN-TEMPO MUSIC PLAYS ]

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--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

Man:
ROLLING.

JELANI INTERVIEW, TAKE 2.
MARK.

Cobb: ALL HUMAN BEINGS
HAVE THE CAPACITY TO HATE.

BUT WHAT PROVOKES
FEELINGS OF HATE

OR PUSHES US TO COMMIT
ACTS OF VIOLENCE?

I WANT TO UNDERSTAND THE TOOLS

THAT INCITE, AMPLIFY,
AND SPREAD HATE.

♪♪

AS A HISTORIAN AND A JOURNALIST,
I'M ALWAYS THINKING ABOUT

THE WAY THAT THE PAST INFORMS
THE PRESENT.

THERE'S THIS IDEA
THAT YOU SHOULD WRITE

ABOUT THE THINGS
THAT MAKE YOU ANGRY,

AND THAT IS HOW I FOUND MYSELF
WRITING SO MUCH

ABOUT INTOLERANCE AND BIGOTRY
AND HATRED

AND UNFAIRNESS, DISCRIMINATION,

THE WAYS IN WHICH WE HAVE
ILL-TREATED OTHER HUMAN BEINGS.

[ CROWD CHANTING INDISTINCTLY ]

IT SEEMS AS IF THERE ARE TOOLS
THAT MAKE IT EASIER

TO GET PEOPLE TO BEHAVE IN WAYS
THAT ARE INHUMANE,

THAT ARE HATEFUL,

THAT ARE VIOLENT
TOWARD OTHER HUMAN BEINGS.

[ INDISTINCT SHOUTING ]

THERE ARE CHARISMATIC LEADERS

WHO CAN USE THOSE TOOLS
AND TACTICS

TO CONVINCE PEOPLE TO DO THINGS
THAT ARE CONTRARY

TO HOW THEY MIGHT HAVE ACTED
UNDER OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES.

THEY'RE BRINGING DRUGS.

THEY'RE BRINGING CRIME.
THEY'RE RAPISTS.

Cobb:
AND ALSO THERE'S MEDIA

THAT WE CAN RECEIVE
A KIND OF SLANTED,

PROPAGANDISTIC VIEW
OF THE WORLD.

Watters: DONALD TRUMP'S
NOT GONNA LET ILLEGAL ALIENS

COME TO THE COUNTRY
AND MURDER OUR WOMEN.

'CAUSE IT HAPPENS
ALL THE TIME,

AND SADLY, PEOPLE ARE MURDERED
ALL OF THE TIME BY ILLEGALS.

DONALD TRUMP IS TURNING
THIS NATION INTO NAZI GERMANY.

Cobb: THERE WAS A TIME WHEN WE
THOUGHT OF THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA

AS BEING KIND OF
A NEUTRAL DISPENSER OF FACTS,

AND THAT HAS CHANGED.

WE'VE SEEN OUR MEDIA BECOME
MORE PARTISAN AND POLARIZED,

SPEAKING TO ONE SIDE
OR THE OTHER.

EXTREME POSITIONS
HAVE BECOME THE NORM.

RUMORS AND CONSPIRACY THEORIES
REINFORCE OUR DIVISIONS

AND STOKE OUR DEEPEST FEARS.

HOW MANY MORE AMERICANS MUST DIE
OR BE MAIMED

IN THE NAME
OF POLITICAL CORRECTNESS?

WHY DO WE HAVE A GOVERNMENT
IN THE FIRST PLACE?

ITS MAIN JOB IS TO PROTECT US
FROM FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC THUGS.

THIS GUY IS
THE MOST DEEPLY RACIST GUY

THAT WE'VE HAD OUT IN THE OPEN

WITH THE EXCEPTION OF ACTUAL
GRAND WIZARDS OF THE KKK

AND NEO-NAZIS, ET CETERA,
AND HE'S THE PRESIDENT.

Cobb: THE POWER OF PROPAGANDA
IS INSIDIOUS.

IT DOESN'T JUST AFFECT
HOW WE THINK.

IT CAN PUSH US TO ACTIONS
AS WELL.

ONE OF THE CLEAREST EXAMPLES
IN RECENT HISTORY

IS WHAT HAPPENED
DURING THE GENOCIDE IN RWANDA.

[ DOWN-TEMPO MUSIC PLAYS ]

Woman:
IN APRIL 1994,

A TRAGEDY ALMOST BEYOND
COMPREHENSION BEGAN TO UNFOLD.

MACHETE-WIELDING HUTU MILITIAMEN
FELL ON THE TUTSIS,

SLAUGHTERING MEN, WOMEN,
AND CHILDREN BY THE THOUSAND.

Cobb: HOW DOES SOMEONE TRANSFORM
FROM BEING YOUR NEIGHBOR

TO SOMEONE WHO BELIEVES
THAT IT'S THEIR OBLIGATION

TO KILL YOU?

[ CHILD CRYING ]

Mutanguha: IN RWANDA,
WE COULDN'T REALLY IMAGINE

THAT IT WILL GET AT THE LEVEL

OF KILLING
ABOUT A MILLION PEOPLE IN 1994.

♪♪

WE HAVE SEEN THAT THE PROPAGANDA
HAVE BEEN USED EFFECTIVELY HERE

AS A PATHWAY TO GENOCIDE.

THE PROPAGANDA KILLS.

Cobb:
AS SO OFTEN HAPPENS,

THE PROPAGANDA
DREW ON TRIBAL DIVISIONS

THAT WERE MANIPULATED
MANY YEARS EARLIER.

Mutanguha: LONG AGO,
IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD,

THE BELGIANS CAME HERE,

AND THEY FIND THAT RWANDA
IS A VERY UNITED SOCIETY,

SO THEY HAD TO DIVIDE US.

SO THEY CREATED
AN IDENTITY CARD,

WHERE IT WAS CLEARLY MARKED THAT
YOU'RE TUTSI OR HUTU AND TWA,

AND THE BASIS WAS VERY SIMPLE --

IF YOU HAVE MORE THAN 10 COWS,
YOU ARE TUTSI,

AND IF YOU HAVE LESS
THAN 10 COWS, YOU'RE A FARMER,

YOU'RE HUTU, AND THEN YOU REMAIN
LIKE THAT FOR GENERATIONS.

SO WE START TO SEE EACH OTHER
AS DIFFERENT PEOPLE.

SO THIS CREATED TENSION
BETWEEN THE HUTUS AND TUTSIS.

Man: FOR MONTHS,
HUTUS IN THE GOVERNMENT

HAVE WAGED A HATE CAMPAIGN

AGAINST THE OUTCAST
TUTSI MINORITY IN THE MEDIA.

Man:
HUTU POWER!

Crowd:
POWER! POWER! POWER!

Mutanguha:
IN THE TIME BEFORE GENOCIDE,

MY CHILDHOOD WAS NOT
REALLY HAPPY.

I HAD FIVE SISTERS.

WE EXPERIENCED DISCRIMINATION
AND HATE.

I WENT TO MY MOTHER AND SAID,
"WHY DO WE CHOOSE TO BE TUTSIS,

AND WHY DOES PEOPLE HATE US?"

AND SHE COULDN'T EXPLAIN THAT.

SHE KNEW THAT THIS
WILL CONTINUE,

AND SHE HAD TO COMFORT ME,
SHE HAD TO HUG ME,

AND SHE SAID THAT "THIS IS
THE SITUATION, BUT I LOVE YOU."

THAT CONTINUED, ACTUALLY,

AFTER THE EXTREME TIME
OF GENOCIDE, 1994.

[ DOWN-TEMPO MUSIC PLAYS ]

PROPAGANDA PLAYED A BIG ROLE

INTO PARTICIPATION
IN GENOCIDE --

ANTI-TUTSI PROPAGANDA
SPECIFICALLY.

THIS ONE, WE HAVE A DOCTOR
AND WE HAVE A PATIENT.

THIS PATIENT IS SAYING THAT
"I'M SICK, DOCTOR."

AND THE DOCTOR ASKS,
"WHAT IS YOUR SICKNESS?"

AND HIS ANSWER WAS,
"TUTSI AND TUTSI, TUTSI."

THEY ARE LIKE A VIRUS IN SOCIETY
AND A VIRUS TO PEOPLE,

SO THE DOCTOR NEEDS TO FIND
A MEDICINE

FOR THE TUTSI IN THIS COUNTRY,

BECAUSE THESE PEOPLE,
THEY ARE VERY DANGEROUS FOR YOU.

Rukesha:
WE HAD NEWSPAPERS LIKE KANGURA

SPREADING THESE HATE MESSAGES.

KANGURAWAS FUNDED BY PEOPLE
WHO WORKED FOR THE GOVERNMENT,

SO IT WAS CHANNELING
THE NARRATIVE

THAT THE POLITICIAN
COULDN'T SPEAK UP.

AND IT WAS CHEAP.

EVERYONE WHO WORKED
COULD BUY A NEWSPAPER.

WE HAD THIS RADIO, RTLM,
WHICH REALLY SPREAD HATRED.

[ UP-TEMPO MUSIC PLAYING,
STATIC ]

Mutanguha:
BY 1994,

THEY INCREASED THE COVERAGE
OF THIS RADIO

BECAUSE THOSE PEOPLE
WHO CANNOT READ,

BECAUSE THEY'RE ILLITERATE,
THEY CAN LISTEN.

THEY FIND, ACTUALLY,
DIFFERENT WAYS

OF DEHUMANIZING TUTSIS
IN THIS COUNTRY --

BY CALLING THEM SNAKES,
BY CALLING THEM COCKROACHES.

SO THE TUTSI, THEY WERE NOT
A HUMAN BEING ANYMORE

SO THAT KILLING A TUTSI
IS NOT A SIN,

IS NOT A BAD THING.

THEY WOULD SAY,
"IF WE FIND YOU HIDING A TUTSI,

YOU WILL BE KILLED."

ALSO ECONOMIC GAINS --

THEY SAY, "IF YOU KILL SOMEONE,
TAKE THE LAND.

AND THE MORE PEOPLE YOU KILL,
THE MORE WEALTHIER YOU'LL BE.

YOU CAN EVEN RAPE THE WOMEN."

RAPE WAS USED AS A WEAPON.

[ DOWN-TEMPO MUSIC PLAYS ]

♪♪

♪♪

VALéRIE BEMERIKI TOLD ME
HOW SHE WAS TAUGHT.

SINCE CHILDHOOD,
FROM HER PARENTS,

SHE WAS TAUGHT THAT TUTSIS
ARE NOT HUMANS,

THEY'RE VERY BAD PEOPLE...

...THEY WERE CRUEL,
THEY WERE BRUTAL,

THEY KILLED SMALL KIDS.

"YOU ARE GOING TO BE SERVANTS
OF THE TUTSIS."

SO IT WAS KIND OF
INSTILLING FEAR

INTO THE MINDS
OF THE HUTU POPULATION,

SAYING, "EVEN A HUTU WHO IS
SYMPATHIZING WITH A TUTSI

IS CONTRIBUTING TO THE FALL
OF THE HUTU."

I REMEMBER MY MOTHER ASKED ME
TO LEAVE HOME

AND ASK FOR REFUGE
TO MY NEIGHBOR.

AND SHE SAID THAT

"FREDDY, WE DON'T KNOW
WHAT WILL HAPPEN TOMORROW."

SHE SAID THAT "IF YOU SURVIVE,
BE A MAN."

THIS WAS THE LAST TIME
I SAW HER.

SO SHE LEFT.

AND NEXT MORNING,
ON THE 14th OF APRIL,

THEY WERE ALL KILLED.

[ INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS,
BIRDS CHIRPING ]

Cobb:
RWANDA IS NOT THE ONLY PLACE

WHERE PROPAGANDA HAS PLAYED
A ROLE IN INCITING MASS MURDER.

SIEG... Crowd: HEIL!

SIEG... HEIL!

♪♪

Cobb: IT'S BEEN USED
THROUGHOUT HISTORY,

INCLUDING IN NAZI GERMANY.

♪♪

BUT HOW DOES PROPAGANDA
ACTUALLY CONVINCE PEOPLE

TO ABANDON THEIR MORALS
AND COMMIT VIOLENCE?

[ INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS ]

[ DOWN-TEMPO MUSIC PLAYS ]

TAKE ONE.
ABC COMM. AND MARK.

PROPAGANDA CAN BE A POWERFUL
AND SUBTLE TOOL,

BUT HOW DOES IT ACTUALLY WORK?

♪♪

HOW DOES IT CHANGE
THE WAY WE THINK?

HOW DOES IT INFLUENCE US TO SEE
ENTIRE GROUPS OF PEOPLE

AS FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT
THAN OURSELVES,

EVEN AS LESS THAN HUMAN?

Kteily: THERE ARE LOTS
OF REASONS TO THINK

THAT DEHUMANIZATION WOULD HAVE
PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE

IN THE GENOCIDE IN RWANDA.

♪♪

THE IDEA THAT THE TUTSIS
WERE FRAMED AS COCKROACHES...

...I MEAN, PART OF WHAT
THAT DOES, THAT IMAGERY,

IT CALLS TO MIND WHAT WE DO
WITH COCKROACHES.

WE EXTERMINATE COCKROACHES.

YOU KNOW, WHEN WE THINK ABOUT
WHAT IT MEANS TO BE HUMAN,

A LOT GOES INTO THAT.

HUMANS, AS COMPARED TO
OTHER ANIMALS IN GENERAL,

WE TEND TO THINK OF OURSELVES

AS HAVING MORE COMPLEX
MENTAL CAPACITIES.

♪♪

SO WHEN WE STRIP ANOTHER GROUP
OF HUMANITY,

WHAT WE'RE DOING IS OVERLOOKING
OR SIMPLY OUTRIGHT DENYING THEM

THESE MORE COMPLEX MENTAL STATES

AS WELL AS THEIR CAPACITY
TO EXPERIENCE THINGS LIKE PAIN.

WE'RE ESSENTIALLY NOT ONLY
JUST SAYING THEY'RE NOT LIKE US,

BUT THEY'RE ALSO BENEATH US.

OTHER TIMES,
OUR DEHUMANIZATION CAN BE

EVEN MORE INTENTIONAL,
TO STOKE FEAR

ABOUT THE GROUP
THAT'S BEING DEHUMANIZED.

WE SEE THEM AS OUTSIDE
THE BOUNDARY OF PEOPLE

TO WHOM NORMAL MORAL RULES
WOULD APPLY.

THEY ARE SEEN TO POSE
A SIGNIFICANT THREAT

TO THE SOCIETY IN QUESTION.

AND SO IT BECOMES MORE OKAY
TO AGGRESS AGAINST THEM,

TO EVEN KILL THEM...

...TO ENGAGE IN GENOCIDE
TOWARDS THEM.

HOW DOES DEHUMANIZING PROPAGANDA
CONVINCE US

TO OVERLOOK OUR MORALS
AND OUR PERCEPTIONS?

WELL, IT DOESN'T JUST FLIP
A SWITCH IN OUR BRAIN.

IT SETS IN MOTION A GRADUAL
AND INSIDIOUS PROCESS

THAT CHANGES HOW WE SEE OTHERS.

SCIENCE CAN'T TELL US

EXACTLY HOW THESE INFLUENCES
WORK ON OUR BRAINS,

BUT WE'RE TRYING
TO UNDERSTAND IT BETTER.

SOME WORK SUGGESTS
THAT DEHUMANIZATION

CAN TURN OFF
PARTS OF OUR BRAIN

THAT ALLOW US TO THINK ABOUT
AND EMPATHIZE WITH OTHER PEOPLE.

NORMALLY, WHEN WE THINK
ABOUT OTHER GROUPS OF PEOPLE

AND EMPATHIZE WITH THEM

OR SEE THEM AS BEING
ESSENTIALLY LIKE US,

WE USE A PART OF THE BRAIN

THAT'S CALLED
THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX,

WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE
FOR OUR SOCIAL COGNITION.

AND THAT BRAIN ACTIVITY
IS VISIBLE TO RESEARCHERS.

BUT WHEN PEOPLE WERE
THINKING ABOUT GROUPS

THAT ARE DEHUMANIZED,

THE RESEARCHERS IN THESE STUDIES
ACTUALLY SAW LESS ACTIVITY

IN THAT REGION.

AND WHAT THAT SUGGESTS
IS THAT WE DON'T THINK

ABOUT THESE GROUPS
THAT ARE DEHUMANIZED

IN THE SAME WAY THAT WE WOULD
THINK ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE.

THE TYPE OF DEHUMANIZATION

THAT WE HAVE BEEN MEASURING
MOST RECENTLY IN THE LAB

IS THE PARTICULARLY BLATANT
FORM OF DEHUMANIZATION.

THE WAY WE HAVE PARTICIPANTS
COMPLETE THE SCALE

IS ESSENTIALLY TO JUST SHOW THEM
THIS IMAGE

TO INDICATE
HOW EVOLVED THEY CONSIDER

THE AVERAGE MEMBER OF ANY NUMBER
OF GROUPS TO BE.

AND THEN WE ASSIGN THEM A SCORE
FROM 0 TO 100 ON THAT BASIS.

AND WHAT YOU CAN SEE HERE
IS THIS SAMPLE OF 342 AMERICANS.

LIKE PRETTY MUCH ALL GROUPS DO,

AMERICANS RATE THEMSELVES
AT NEARLY 100, OR FULLY HUMAN,

ON THE 0-TO-100
"ASCENT OF MAN" SCALE.

BUT WHEN WE'RE LOOKING
AT THEIR AVERAGE RATING

OF MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS
ON THAT SAME SCALE,

WE SEE THAT THEY RATE MEXICAN
IMMIGRANTS AT ONLY AROUND 75.

WE HAVE A NUMBER OF SAMPLES

LOOKING AT PERCEPTIONS
OF MUSLIMS IN EUROPE.

WE SEE THAT THEY RATE MUSLIMS
RIGHT ABOUT IN THE MID-60s.

AND WHAT WE FIND IS THAT THE
LOWER PEOPLE ARE RATING MUSLIMS,

THE MORE LIKELY THEY ARE
TO ALSO SEE MUSLIMS AS BARBARIC,

AS SAVAGE,
AS LACKING A SERIES OF QUALITIES

THAT WE WOULD THINK OF
AS CENTRAL TO FULL HUMANITY.

[ DOWN-TEMPO MUSIC PLAYS ]

DEHUMANIZATION PLAYED
AN IMPORTANT ROLE

IN THE EXPLOITATION
OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

IN THE UNITED STATES...

...IN THE ENSLAVEMENT
OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS...

...ITS ROLE IN
THE JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMPS

AT THE TIME
OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR...

...EVEN TODAY.

THESE AREN'T PEOPLE.
THESE ARE ANIMALS.

♪♪

Cobb:
DEHUMANIZING PROPAGANDA

WORKS BY AMPLIFYING OUR FEARS
AND HATRED.

AND IN THE AGE OF THE INTERNET,

WE'RE BOMBARDED
BY SO MUCH INFORMATION.

IT'S HARDER THAN EVER TO KNOW
WHAT'S TRUE AND WHAT'S FALSE.

THE SUSPECT DESCRIBED
HOW HE CAME TO EMBRACE RACISM

THROUGH ONLINE FORUMS.

Cobb: VIEWPOINTS THAT WERE NOT
TOLERABLE IN POLITE SOCIETY

CAN FIND AN OPEN FORUM
ON THE INTERNET,

AND LIKE-MINDED PEOPLE

WHO MIGHT HAVE BEEN SEPARATED
BY GEOGRAPHY

ARE NOW JUST A COUPLE OF CLICKS
AWAY FROM EACH OTHER.

Cobb:
ON JUNE 17, 2015,

DYLANN ROOF, A 21-YEAR-OLD
WHITE MAN FROM SOUTH CAROLINA,

ENTERED THE SANCTUARY
OF THE EMANUEL A.M.E. CHURCH

IN CHARLESTON.

[ DOWN-TEMPO MUSIC PLAYS ]

Woman:
A HATE-CRIME INVESTIGATION

INTO A DEADLY SHOOTING

AT THE HISTORICALLY BLACK
EMANUEL A.M.E. CHURCH

IN CHARLESTON.

THE CHURCH WAS HOLDING
THEIR WEEKLY BIBLE STUDY.

ROOF JOINED THE BIBLE STUDY,
PRAYED WITH THEM,

AND THEN SHOT NINE MEMBERS
OF THE CONGREGATION.

Man: HE IS SOMEONE WHO SEEMED
TO CELEBRATE THE CONFEDERACY.

Cobb: ONE OF THE THINGS
THAT WAS INTERESTING

WAS THAT THERE WAS A HUGE DEAL
OF INQUIRY

AROUND HOW HE BECAME RADICALIZED

AND, YOU KNOW, WHAT LED HIM
TO TAKE THESE ACTIONS.

Cobb: SAFIYA NOBLE WROTE
A REALLY FASCINATING BOOK

CALLED "ALGORITHMS
OF OPPRESSION."

Noble: THESE ARE THE IMAGES
DIRECTLY FROM THE BOOK.

I ASKED HER
FOR THE SPECIFIC WAYS

THAT HATE GROUPS AND BIGOTRY
FLOURISH ON THE INTERNET

AND HOW DYLANN ROOF,

WHEN HE BEGAN SEARCHING
ABOUT BLACK-ON-WHITE CRIME,

FOUND THE PARTICULAR RESULTS --
THE INACCURATE RESULTS --

THAT HE SAID DROVE HIM
TO BELIEVE HE HAD TO COMMIT

THE ACT OF VIOLENCE THAT HE DID.

ONE PARTICULAR INCIDENT
THAT YOU EXAMINED IN THE BOOK,

DYLANN ROOF, YOU TALK ABOUT
HOW THERE IS A CONNECTION

BETWEEN HIS UNDERSTANDING
OF RACE

AND WHAT'S HAPPENING
ON THE INTERNET.

HE TALKS ABOUT
HOW HE'S TRYING TO MAKE SENSE

OF THE NEWS COVERAGE

OF TRAYVON MARTIN
AND GEORGE ZIMMERMAN.

AND HE DOES
A GOOGLE SEARCH

ON THE KEY WORDS
"BLACK-ON-WHITE CRIME."

HE WAS LED
TO ALL OF THESE WEBSITES

THAT LOOK LIKE THEY MIGHT BE
CREDIBLE INFORMATION SITES.

WHAT HE FOUND WAS THE
COUNCIL OF CONSERVATIVE CITIZENS

COMES UP
AS THE FIRST WEBSITE.

NOW, THIS WEBSITE,

IT'S WHAT SCHOLARS CALL
CLOAKED WEBSITES.

THESE ARE WEBSITES
THAT LOOK LIKE

THEY MIGHT BE
CREDIBLE INFORMATION,

BUT YOU JUST SCRATCH
THE SURFACE,

AND IT'S A WHITE-SUPREMACIST,
WHITE-POWER PROPAGANDA SITE.

MM-HMM.

YOU DON'T GET, FOR EXAMPLE,
FBI STATISTICS

THAT SHOW YOU THAT VIOLENT CRIME
IS AN INTRARACIAL PHENOMENON.

MOST OFTEN,
PEOPLE ARE KILLED

BY MEMBERS OF THEIR OWN SOCIAL
OR ETHNIC GROUP.

THAT'S RIGHT.

WHY DO THOSE WEBSITES
COME UP FIRST?

GOOGLE IS
AN ADVERTISING PLATFORM.

YOU CAN PAY TO OUTBID
THE NEXT COMPANY

TO OPTIMIZE CERTAIN WORDS
IN RELATIONSHIP TO YOUR CONTENT.

SO PEOPLE ARE GOING
TO AN ADVERTISING PLATFORM

AND BELIEVING THEY'RE GOING
TO SOMETHING LIKE A LIBRARY.

YEAH.

THE CHALLENGE IS THAT
THE SEARCH ENGINES

REALLY HOLD AN AUTHORITATIVE
PLACE IN OUR CULTURE.

WHAT HAPPENS IS YOU GO TO
SOMETHING LIKE A SEARCH ENGINE,

AND YOU TRY TO FIND OUT
WHAT'S THE WEATHER

OR SOMETHING BANAL.

AND IT GIVES YOU THE ANSWER, AND
IT'S USUALLY PRETTY ACCURATE.

AND THAT REINFORCES
OUR TRUST

THAT IF WE LOOK FOR SOMETHING
MORE COMPLEX,

LIKE BLACK-ON-WHITE CRIME,
IT'S ALSO GONNA BE AUTHORITATIVE

AND GIVE US
THE EXACT RIGHT ANSWER.

AND SO NOW YOU HAVE, I THINK,
THIS KIND OF LOW-GRADE WARFARE

THAT'S HAPPENING
IN OUR INFORMATION LANDSCAPE

OF DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA
AROUND FOMENTING HATE.

AND DYLANN ROOF SAYS
HE LEARNS

ABOUT ALL OF THESE TREACHEROUS
MURDERS OF WHITE PEOPLE

COMMITTED BY BLACK PEOPLE
AND THE MEDIA'S COVER-UP.

SO DYLANN ROOF,
HE BECOMES RADICALIZED.

Cobb: THERE'S A FALSE NARRATIVE
ON THESE WHITE-SUPREMACIST SITES

THAT WHITES, NOT BLACKS,

ARE THE MAIN VICTIMS
OF OPPRESSION IN THIS COUNTRY...

...AND THEY ARE GENERALLY
IN SOME FORM OF PHYSICAL PERIL

AND ALL THESE THINGS
ARE CONSEQUENCE

OF THE BEHAVIORS
OF BLACK PEOPLE.

IT'S NEVER BEEN EASIER
TO INFORM PEOPLE,

AND IT'S NEVER BEEN EASIER
TO MISINFORM PEOPLE.

ALGORITHM-BASED
INTERNET PLATFORMS,

LIKE GOOGLE SEARCH,
DON'T MANUFACTURE HATE,

BUT THEY HELP HATE SPREAD
MORE QUICKLY AND EFFICIENTLY

THAN IT MIGHT OTHERWISE.

ON THESE EFFECTIVE
ONLINE PLATFORMS,

ANY GROUP OR INDIVIDUAL
WHO WANTS TO STOKE HATE AND FEAR

CAN EMPLOY A HUGE ARRAY
OF TOOLS,

INCLUDING CODED LANGUAGE,
IMAGES, AND SYMBOLS.

ALL RIGHT, MR. ROOF.

YES, SIR.HOW DO YOU WISH TO PLEAD?

Cobb: ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WAS
REALLY STRIKING TO ME

ABOUT OBSERVING THE TRIAL

WAS THAT EVERYONE SEEMED TO BE
GRAPPLING WITH THE QUESTION

OF HOW SOMEONE COULD DO THIS.

THERE WAS THIS IDEA
THAT ROOF WAS AN ABERRATION.

AND IN MY WRITING,
I PUSHED BACK ON THAT.

I SAID,
"HE DIDN'T COME FROM NOWHERE.

HE'S PART OF A LONG TRADITION."

Man: WHITE SUPREMACISTS
AND KLANSMEN MOVED OPENLY

IN THE TENSE SOUTH.

WHY? WHY?
WHY WOULD IT HAPPEN TO US?

I JUST COULDN'T --
IT WAS UNBELIEVABLE.

Woman: THERE ARE NEW REPORTS
SUGGESTING THAT HATE CRIMES

DID IN FACT RISE
AFTER DONALD TRUMP'S ELECTION.

Woman: THERE ARE CURRENTLY
784 ACTIVE HATE GROUPS OPERATING

ACROSS THE COUNTRY,
A NUMBER THAT IS GROWING.

Cobb: FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE BLACK,
PEOPLE WHO ARE WHITE,

PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT
BACKGROUNDS --

HAVE WE ALL COLLECTIVELY DECIDED
TO DENY THE PARTS OF THE PAST

THAT ARE DIFFICULT
TO THINK ABOUT

AND THEREFORE IGNORED
THE POTENTIAL WARNINGS?

ABOUT WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN
IN THE PRESENT?

SHANI GILCHRIST IS A COLUMNIST
FOR THE CHARLESTON CITY PAPER.

SHE LIVED A HALF-BLOCK AWAY
FROM EMANUEL A.M.E.

DURING THE TRIAL,

IT WAS APPARENT THAT THERE WAS
MUCH MORE TO THIS STORY

THAN SIMPLY A SINGLE
HATE-FILLED INDIVIDUAL.

I WONDERED IF YOU COULD TELL ME
WHAT IT WAS LIKE

FOR YOU TO BE
IN THE COURTROOM,

IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
TO DYLANN ROOF.

I NEVER GOT USED TO IT.
THAT'S FOR SURE.

THERE WAS NO WAY
TO SEPARATE JOURNALIST SHANI

FROM BLACK WOMAN
FROM SOUTH CAROLINA SHANI.

WHAT DID YOU MAKE
OF DYLANN ROOF'S FIXATION

WITH SYMBOLS
OF THE CONFEDERACY?

THE CONFEDERATE FLAG WAS USED
BY ROOF TO JUSTIFY HIS ACTIONS,

BECAUSE PEOPLE WHO ARE LOOKING
FOR SOMETHING TO CLING TO

AND THEY DON'T KNOW
WHERE TO TURN,

AND IT'S HATE-BASED
AND IGNORANCE-BASED,

ALL THEY HAVE ARE SYMBOLS.

THE TANGIBLE THINGS AREN'T GONNA
JUSTIFY THAT LEVEL OF HATE.

SO AFTER THE MURDERS,

PEOPLE WANTED TO JUMP IN
AND GET RID OF THAT SYMBOL.

Man: THIS VERY FLAG IS NOW THE
FOCUS OF AMERICA'S ATTENTION.

THERE'S HUGE MOMENTUM BEHIND
A MOVEMENT TO HAVE IT TAKEN DOWN

ON THE GROUNDS
IT'S SEEN AS A SYMBOL OF RACISM

AND OF THE DEFENSE OF SLAVERY.

THERE WERE PEOPLE
I NEVER WOULD'VE EXPECTED

STANDING UP,
POUNDING THEIR DESKS --

YOU KNOW, THIS WAS 1:30
IN THE MORNING --

SAYING, "WE HAVE TO TAKE
THIS FLAG DOWN."

I CANNOT BELIEVE
THAT WE DO NOT HAVE THE HEART

TO TAKE A SYMBOL OF HATE
OFF THESE GROUNDS ON FRIDAY!

BUT THERE WERE
SEVERAL LEGISLATORS

WHO WERE NOT IN FAVOR
OF BRINGING THE FLAG DOWN.

ALL WE'RE GONNA DO
IS WE'RE GONNA DISRESPECT

THESE 20,000-PLUS MEN,
BLACK AND WHITE,

THAT FOUGHT TO DEFEND
YOUR STATE.

[ Chanting ]
PUT OUR FLAG BACK!

PUT OUR FLAG BACK!

I'M FROM THE SOUTH
AND PROUD OF THE SOUTH

AND, YOU KNOW,
PROUD OF THIS FLAG.

♪ AND I WISH I WAS IN DIXIE ♪

♪ HOORAY! ♪

I DON'T HATE ANYONE.
I LOVE ALL PEOPLE.

MY DAUGHTER-IN-LAW IS BLACK,
AND I LOVE HER,

AND I LOVE HER FAMILY,
SO IT'S NOT A BLACK/WHITE ISSUE.

IT'S A HERITAGE ISSUE.

Cobb:
WHAT MOST PEOPLE DON'T REALIZE

IS THAT THE CONFEDERATE FLAG
HADN'T FLOWN

OVER THE STATE CAPITOL
FOR ALL THAT LONG.

IN THE 1960s,
AS A RESPONSE TO THE MOMENTUM

OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT,

THEY SEIZE UPON THE SYMBOLISM
OF THE CONFEDERATE FLAG

AND THEN BEGIN HOISTING IT
AT STATE CAPITOLS

IN ORDER TO SYMBOLIZE
THEIR RESISTANCE

AND WHITE SUPERIORITY
IN THE SOUTH.

ONE OF THE THINGS
I FIND MOST STRIKING

ABOUT THE CONFEDERATE SYMBOL

IS THAT IT'S USUALLY THE SIDE
THAT WINS A WAR

THAT GETS MONUMENTS.

BUT HERE IT'S THE OPPOSITE.

IT'S THE IDEA

THAT THE CONFEDERACY STOOD FOR
SOUTHERN PRIDE,

THAT SLAVERY WAS ONLY
TANGENTIALLY CONNECTED

TO THE CAUSE OF THE CONFEDERACY,
IN ORDER TO MAKE IT

A KIND OF USER-FRIENDLY VERSION
OF SOUTHERN HISTORY.

JAMES BESSENGER IS A MEMBER

OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA
SECESSIONIST PARTY.

I WAS REALLY CURIOUS
ABOUT WHAT SOMEONE WOULD SAY

IN DEFENSE
OF THE CONFEDERATE CAUSE.

HOW DOES THE CONFEDERATE FLAG
APPEAR TO HIM?

WHAT DOES THIS MONUMENT
STAND FOR?

TO ME, IT REPRESENTS THE 260,000
SOUTHERN MEN AND WOMEN

WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES
IN DEFENSE OF THIS STATE

AGAINST WHAT THEY SAW
AS A FOREIGN INVASION.

WHAT DO YOU MAKE OF THE ARGUMENT
THAT THIS IS COMMEMORATING

AN UGLY PART
OF AMERICAN HISTORY

AND THIS INFLICTS PAIN
ON AFRICAN-AMERICANS

WHO HAVE TO SEE THE REGIME THAT
WANTED TO HOLD THEM IN SLAVERY

GLORIFIED ON PUBLIC GROUND?

IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES,
THE NORTH WON,

SO THE NORTH HAS DRIVEN
THE NARRATIVE SINCE THEN.

BUT IN THE SOUTH, IT WAS
A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT SITUATION

AFTER THE WAR.

SOUTHERNERS CAME HOME.

THEIR CITIES, THEIR HOMES,
THEIR FAMILIES WERE GONE.

WE DON'T EXPECT PEOPLE
FROM OUTSIDE OF THE SOUTH

TO SEE THE MONUMENTS
AND TO SEE THE FLAG

AND TO SEE CONFEDERATE HISTORY
THE WAY WE DO

BECAUSE THEY'RE NOT
FROM HERE.

THEY DON'T HAVE THE SAME HISTORY
AS WE DO.

BUT 40% OF SOUTHERNERS
WERE BLACK.

SO IT'S NOT LIKE THEY'RE BLACK
OR SOUTHERN.

YOU CAN CHOOSE TO LOOK
AT THE CIVIL WAR

AS A POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT

OR YOU CAN CHOOSE TO LOOK AT IT
FROM THE SOLDIERS' PERSPECTIVE.

THAT'S THE WAY I LOOK
AT IT.

YOU'LL NEVER CONVINCE ME
THAT POOR, DIRT-FLOOR FARMERS

FROM BAMBERG, SOUTH CAROLINA,
WENT AND FOUGHT

SO THAT RICH PLANTATION OWNERS
IN RICHMOND

COULD KEEP THEIR SLAVES.

YOU RISKED YOUR LIFE BECAUSE YOU
WERE FIGHTING FOR YOUR HOME.

FLAGS CAN MEAN OTHER THINGS
TO OTHER PEOPLE.

THE CONFEDERATE FLAG WAS
ESTABLISHED BY PEOPLE

WHO SAID IN THEIR ARTICLES
OF SECESSION

THAT THEY WERE DOING THIS
IN ORDER TO PRESERVE SLAVERY.

THAT FLAG WASN'T
A POLITICIAN'S FLAG.

IT WASN'T A FLAG OF THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT OF THE CONFEDERACY.

IT WAS A SOLDIER'S FLAG.

IN TALKING TO JAMES BESSENGER,

THERE WAS NOT A GREAT DEAL
THAT WE AGREED ON.

AS A MATTER OF FACT, THE ONE
THING THAT WE COULD AGREE ON

WAS THE FACT THAT PEOPLE SEE
THESE SYMBOLS VERY DIFFERENTLY.

THE CONFEDERATE FLAG
IS COMING OFF THE GROUNDS

OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA
STATE HOUSE.

Cobb:
IN THE AFTERMATH

OF THE MASSACRE
AT EMANUEL A.M.E.,

SOUTH CAROLINA
WAS FINALLY REALIZING

THAT THE CONFEDERATE FLAG

WAS NOT SIMPLY A SYMBOL
OF SOUTHERN HERITAGE

BUT A SYMBOL
OF A POLITICAL MOVEMENT

DEDICATED TO DESTROYING
THE UNITED STATES

AND PRESERVING SLAVERY.

[ CROWD CHEERING ]

I KNOW MY MOM IS SMILING DOWN
FROM HEAVEN

WITH THE OTHER VICTIMS.

THIS IS AN IMPORTANT DATE.
THIS IS HISTORY.

SOME GOOD IS COMING OUT OF IT.

WE'RE SURROUNDED BY SYMBOLS.

THEY SERVE
AS A KIND OF VISUAL SHORTHAND,

A WAY OF CONVEYING
COMPLEX MESSAGES

QUICKLY AND EFFICIENTLY.

BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THOSE
SYMBOLS CONNOTE DARKER IDEAS

AND CONVEY
MORE DANGEROUS MESSAGES?

[ DOWN-TEMPO MUSIC PLAYS ]

Milner: I OBVIOUSLY CAN'T READ
DYLANN ROOF'S MIND.

I DON'T KNOW HIS MOTIVATIONS.

BUT WHO I DO KNOW IS
THAT HATE SYMBOLS

HAD A WHOLE LOT TO DO
WITH WHAT HE DID.

♪♪

HATE SYMBOLS ARE PIECES
OF ICONOGRAPHY

THAT SIGNIFY TO ONE GROUP
THAT YOU DO NOT BELONG,

AND THEY SIMULTANEOUSLY SIGNAL
TO ANOTHER GROUP

THAT YOU AREONE OF US,
THAT YOU DOBELONG.

THE OTHER THING THEY DO
IS THEY DEHUMANIZE,

THEY DENIGRATE.

THERE'S A POWER ELEMENT
WHERE ONE OF THE GROUPS

IS SEEN AS LESS THAN.

INNOCUOUS IMAGES
COME TO SIGNIFY HATE

THROUGH PURE SOCIAL CONSENSUS.

THERE'S A COUPLE EXAMPLES FROM
SOCIAL MEDIA THAT COME TO MIND.

ONE IS THE "OKAY" SYMBOL

AND THE EMOJI
ASSOCIATED WITH IT.

THERE IS A READ ON IT

THAT IT IS A "W" AND A "P"
FOR "WHITE POWER."

ANOTHER EXAMPLE
IS PEPE THE FROG.

PEOPLE USE IT ON SITES
LIKE 4CHAN, ON TUMBLR,

TO CONVEY LOTS
OF DIFFERENT EMOTIONS.

BUT WHAT PEOPLE STARTED DOING
IS THEY STARTED WORKING PEPE

HEAVILY INTO THEIR HATEFUL,
ANTI-SEMITIC,

ANTI-LGBT ICONOGRAPHY.

♪♪

AND SO IT WAS JUST KIND OF
SHEER FORCE OF USE

THAT STARTED SHIFTING
THE MESSAGE AROUND PEPE.

BUT IT WAS ALSO THE
TRADITIONAL NEWS-MEDIA ATTENTION

THAT CAME TO THIS USE.

Woman: DONALD TRUMP JR.
PUT THIS IMAGE ON HIS INSTAGRAM

OF PEPE.

AND FOR THOSE OF YOU
WHO DON'T KNOW,

PEPE IS
A WHITE-NATIONALIST SYMBOL.

Milner: AND BOOM,
THE ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE

IS DECLARING PEPE A HATE SYMBOL.

THERE'S A KIND OF HUMOR
THAT'S SHARED ONLINE

WHERE YOU CAN'T REALLY TELL

IF SOMEONE IS BEING SERIOUS
OR NOT.

THERE'S A LOT OF ROOM FOR IRONY,
OF PUTTING OUT A MESSAGE

THEN BEING ABLE TO SAY, "HA HA.

JOKE'S ON YOU.
I DIDN'T REALLY MEAN THAT."

AND SO IT'S A WAY
TO MASK YOUR INTENT.

AND WHEN IT COMES TO
HATE SYMBOLS, RACIST MEMES,

AND THE DEHUMANIZING THINGS
YOU'RE DOING TO PEPE THE FROG,

ALL OF A SUDDEN,
YOU ARE SPREADING A LOT OF HATE

REALLY, REALLY FAR.

WHEN KIDS LIKE DYLANN ROOF
GO ONLINE

AND THEY FIND THESE FORUMS

AND THEY START
GETTING INTEGRATED

WITH THESE CONVERSATIONS

AND THE SYMBOLOGY ASSOCIATED
WITH THESE CONVERSATIONS,

THEN THEY'RE NOT ONLY GETTING
A FEELING OF SUPERIORITY

OVER ANOTHER GROUP OF PEOPLE.

THEY'RE GETTING
A FEELING OF INCLUSION

WITH A GROUP OF PEOPLE AS WELL.

AND THAT'S JUST AS DANGEROUS.

AND I THINK THOSE SYMBOLS
CONVEY THAT

REALLY, REALLY, REALLY STRONGLY.

THAT'S WHY YOU SEE
CONFEDERATE-FLAG BUMPER STICKERS

AND PEOPLE FLYING FLAGS
OUTSIDE THEIR HOUSES.

IT IS A QUICK WAY TO SAY,
"THIS IS WHO I AM,

THIS IS WHO I BELONG TO,
AND THIS IS WHY WE'RE WINNING."

WHOO!

YOU CAN'T SAY SYMBOLS
ARE VALUE-NEUTRAL.

YOU EITHER FEEL PUSHED AWAY
OR YOU FEEL INVITED.

AND DEPENDING ON HOW MUCH OF
THAT YOU SEE,

THEN YOUR REACTIONS AMPLIFY.

AND SO ABSOLUTELY
THOSE SYMBOLS MATTER

AND THEIR PREVALENCE MATTERS

AND FINDING PEOPLE
WHO USE THEM LIKE YOU

MATTERS FOR YOUR ACTIONS
AND YOUR BEHAVIOR.

[ CROWD SINGING INDISTINCTLY ]

Cobb:
WORDS AND SYMBOLS

CAN PUSH US TO REACT
WITHOUT THINKING,

TO PLAY ON OUR DEEPEST ANXIETIES
AND FEARS.

MOST OF HUNGARY'S PRIVATE MEDIA

IS NOW IN THE HANDS
OF BUSINESSMEN

ALLIED TO THE PRIME MINISTER
AND HIS PARTY.

Cobb: BUT WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN THESE POWERFUL TOOLS

ARE IN THE HANDS
OF A POLITICAL LEADER

WHO CAN USE THEM
THROUGHOUT AN ENTIRE NATION?

[ DOWN-TEMPO MUSIC PLAYS ]

Man:
JUST EVERYBODY SETTLE, PLEASE.

PROPAGANDA CAN SPREAD
ON THE INTERNET

QUICKLY AND EFFECTIVELY.

BUT LEADERS WITH AN AGENDA
HAVE ALWAYS FOUND A WAY

TO MANIPULATE THEIR FOLLOWERS.

THERE'S A STORY
ABOUT GEORGE WALLACE,

THE GOVERNOR OF ALABAMA

AND A PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE
IN 1968,

AND HOW HE LOST HIS FIRST BID
FOR GOVERNOR.

WALLACE, WHO HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN
FAIRLY MODERATE ON RACE ISSUES,

REPORTEDLY SAID
THAT HAVING LOST THAT ELECTION,

HE WOULD NOT BE "OUT... AGAIN."

AND I SAY SEGREGATION NOW,
SEGREGATION TOMORROW,

AND SEGREGATION FOREVER.[ CROWD CHEERING ]

Cobb:
HE KNEW THAT IT WAS EASIER

TO APPEAL TO PEOPLE'S
PRIMAL FEARS

AND THEIR ANTAGONISMS

AND THAT YOU COULD REALLY PROFIT
POLITICALLY

BY STIRRING PEOPLE UP
IN THOSE WAYS.

THEY ARE PROMOTING
AN INVASION TO EUROPE --

AN INVASION THAT, BY TIME,

WILL REPLACE
THE INDIGENOUS EUROPEANS HERE

WITH PEOPLE
FROM THE NON-WESTERN WORLD.

Cobb: THE DEMAGOGUE PLAYBOOK
IS ALWAYS, "DEFINE AN ENEMY

AND THEN CAST YOURSELF
AS THE PERSON

WHO IS WILLING TO PROTECT PEOPLE
FROM THAT ENEMY."

THERE IS A LOT OF MOROCCAN SCUM
IN HOLLAND

WHO MAKES THE STREETS UNSAFE.

WE HAVE NO IDEA
WHO THESE PEOPLE ARE,

WHERE THEY COME FROM.

I ALWAYS SAY "TROJAN HORSE."

WATCH WHAT'S GONNA HAPPEN,
FOLKS.

IT'S NOT GONNA BE PRETTY.

THESE POLITICIANS PROMOTE
A NIGHTMARE SCENARIO --

HORDES OF FOREIGN INVADERS --
TO EVOKE HATRED AND FEARFULNESS.

THEY IGNORE THE COMPLEXITIES
OF THE GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS.

THEY DON'T LET FACTS
GET IN THEIR WAY.

[ SIREN WAILING ]

[ APPLAUSE ]

Cobb: WHEN VIKTOR ORBAN,
HUNGARY'S PRIME MINISTER,

RAN FOR RE-ELECTION
IN APRIL OF 2018,

SUPPORT FOR HIS PARTY
SEEMED TO BE DECLINING.

IN WHAT MANY SAW AS
A CYNICAL MOVE TO GARNER VOTES,

HE BEGAN AMPING UP XENOPHOBIA
WITH EXTREME RHETORIC

AND A FULL ARSENAL
OF PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES.

THE CURRENT GOVERNMENT
IS TRYING TO WIN THE ELECTION.

THEY HAVE ONE MESSAGE --
"THIS PARTY KEEPS MIGRANTS OUT."

BUT THE PROBLEMS CAUSED
BY MIGRATION ARE NOT REAL.

THERE WAS AN ARTICLE

ABOUT HOW MANY REFUGEES
WE CAUGHT IN MARCH.

IT WAS LIKE FIVE PEOPLE,
IF I'M RIGHT.

NO ONE WANTS TO COME TO HUNGARY.
CASE CLOSED.

[ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ]

THE CORE THE FIDESZ
IS TRADITIONALLY CONSERVATIVE,

RIGHT-WING PEOPLE.

BUT SINCE THIS NEW
ULTRA-RIGHT POLITICS,

FIDESZ HAS TOTALLY, YOU KNOW,
CHANGED.

Man: YES!

Sajó: THE MAIN MESSAGE NOW IS
IT'S ONLY ABOUT FEAR.

"VOTE FOR US TO PROTECT EUROPE,
PROTECT THE HUNGARIAN HERITAGE,

PROTECT THE HUNGARIAN CUSTOMS,
PROTECT THE HUNGARIAN WOMEN."

IT'S A HUGE HATE FACTORY

AGAINST ANYTHING
WHAT IS NOT HUNGARIAN.

[ INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS ]

YOU KNOW, I GREW UP IN THE '90s,
AND MY GENERATION,

WE GREW UP LIKE,
"WE CAN BE ANYTHING."

I GREW UP WITH WESTERN MUSIC.

I GREW UP WITH SCHWARZENEGGER
AND STALLONE MOVIES.

SO --
I GREW UP WITHOUT SOCIALISM.

AND IN THE LAST EIGHT YEARS,

NOW I CAN IMAGINE
WHAT WAS IT LIKE

TO LIVE IN THE SOCIALIST ERA,
WHEN THERE WERE NO FREE PRESS

AND THE OPPOSITION OPINIONS
WERE OPPRESSED.

AND I THINK THE LAST EIGHT YEARS
WAS A HUGE BACKSTEP FOR HUNGARY.

MY ARTICLE IS ABOUT
THIS INTERVIEW

WITH THE PRIME MINISTER,
VIKTOR ORBAN.

AND AS YOU CAN SEE,
THIS IS THE FRONT PAGE,

AND HERE IS A HUGE BANNER
TO VOTE FOR FIDESZ.

MOST OF THE RADIOS
ARE IN FIDESZ HANDS.

THE SECOND-BIGGEST TV SHOW
IS IN FIDESZ HANDS.

MOST OF THE PRINT DAILY
NEWSPAPER IS IN FIDESZ HANDS.

THIS IS A POST ON FACEBOOK
BY ONE OF THE MEDIA OUTLETS,

BY FIDESZ PEOPLE, ABOUT FOUR
PEOPLE ATTACKING A WOMAN.

AND THE SENTENCE IS,

"THIS IS EVERYDAY STUFF

WHAT'S HAPPENING IN EUROPE
BECAUSE OF THE IMMIGRANTS."

BUT IF YOU GOOGLE IT,
YOU CAN SEE

THIS ACTUALLY HAPPENED
IN BRAZIL THREE YEARS AGO,

AND THIS SITE'S
ACTUALLY SPREADING FAKE NEWS.

THEY DON'T NEED FACTS.

THEY JUST NEED BASIC EMOTIONS

LIKE, "IF YOU DON'T VOTE
FOR FIDESZ,

WELL, THAT'S WHAT'S GOING TO
HAPPEN TO YOU, TO HUNGARY."

AND MANY OF THE ARTICLES
THEY PUBLISH,

HE DOES AUTHOR.

THEY ACTUALLY --
THEY CAN DO ANYTHING.

THEIR MEDIA AUTHORITY
JUST DOESN'T EVEN CARE.

THIS IS WHAT THE UKIP USE IN
THE BREXIT CAMPAIGN IN THE U.K.

OF IMMIGRANTS TRYING TO GET
INTO EUROPE.

IT IS THE SAME
OF WHAT FIDESZ USES NOW

WITH THE STOP-SIGN BILLBOARDS.

FOR THE SAME GOAL -- TO CREATE
FEAR AGAINST IMMIGRANTS.

IT IS JUST "STOP" --

STOP THESE BLACK AND ARABIAN
PEOPLE AT THE BORDERS.

[ SPEAKING HUNGARIAN ]

[ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ]

Gergely: SIX WEEKS LEADING UP
TO THE ELECTIONS,

THERE WAS A VOTE
FOR A MAYOR IN A TOWN

WHICH IS VERY MUCH CONTROLLED
BY THE CURRENT GOVERNING PARTY,

AND THEY LOST.

IT WAS A HUGE UPSET,

LIKE LOSING A RED STATE
FOR THE REPUBLICANS.

AND I DON'T KNOW HOW IT ENDS,

BUT IT MIGHT END
THAT THERE'S HOPE.

Sajó: WHEN I TALK WITH PEOPLE,
THEY ARE ALL TALKING ABOUT,

LIKE, "I DON'T KNOW
WHO TO VOTE TO,

BUT I'M NOT GOING TO VOTE
FIDESZ."

SO I DON'T KNOW
WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN.

I'M EXCITED.
I'M VERY EXCITED.

THIS IS GOING TO BE
REALLY EXCITING ELECTIONS.

[ SIREN WAILING ]

[ INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS ]

[ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ]

Gergely: WE ARE AT THE POINT
WHERE MR. ORBAN

IS THE MOST POWERFUL.

HE WAS THE ONE WHO DECIDED
THERE IS NO LIE BIG ENOUGH,

THERE IS NO FAKE NEWS
RIDICULOUS ENOUGH

NOT TO BE SENT OUT
TO THE PUBLIC.

IT WAS MADE WORSE, I THINK,
BY TRUMP.

VIKTOR ORBAN, I THINK,
IS A HERO.

HE'S A HERO TO THE POPULIST
NATIONALIST MOVEMENT

THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.

BY THE WAY,
I THINK PRESIDENT TRUMP,

UH, YOU KNOW, VERY MUCH
GOES ALONG THE LINES

OF WHAT VIKTOR ORBAN IS DOING.

[ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ]

Sajó: THE FACT THAT HATE
WAS SUCH AN EASY TOOL,

IT'S SOMETHING REALLY HARD
TO SWALLOW TODAY.

[ DOWN-TEMPO MUSIC PLAYS ]

IF YOU CREATE AN ATMOSPHERE
THAT CREATES HATE,

IT'S GOING TO BE REALLY HARD
TO REVERSE.

[ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ]

Gergely:
THIS COUNTRY IS MORE BITTER,

MORE DIVIDED, AND MORE HATEFUL
TODAY THAN IT WAS YESTERDAY.

♪♪

Cobb:
ALL OVER THE WORLD,

THESE POLITICIANS
ARE HARNESSING THE MEDIA,

USING THE INTERNET

TO PROVOKE DIVISIVENESS
AND INTOLERANCE.

DO YOU THINK ISLAM IS AT WAR
WITH THE WEST?

I THINK ISLAM HATES US.

OUR HOPES
FOR PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE

AND THE FUTURE
OF OUR COMMUNITIES

DEPENDS ON OUR WILLINGNESS

TO TAKE THESE THREATS
SERIOUSLY...

...AND, ABOVE ALL,

OUR WILLINGNESS TO THINK
CRITICALLY.

♪♪

Woman:
DEEP POLARIZATION, DIVISION --

HOW DO WE DEAL WITH THIS
IN SOCIETY?

I THINK WE'RE FACING
A PERFECT STORM.

WHITE PRIDE! THERE'S NOTHING WRONG
WITH BEING PROUD OF WHO YOU ARE.

THIS COMMUNITY IN PARTICULAR,
THERE IS A CAMPAIGN OF TERROR.

Woman: WHAT MAKES ONE PERSON
GO TO THE MONSTROUS SIDE

OF THEIR BEING

AND THE OTHER, LIVING AMONG
MONSTERS, REMAINS HUMAN?