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Freedom.
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You say America, and it's probably
the next word that comes to mind.
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It's our fundamental right to
live our lives however we want.
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But freedom isn't
something we've always had.
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When I was 18 I joined the air force and
I did well enough on my test to qualify
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as an electronic counter measures operator.
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But I was told I couldn't take that job.
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Apparently, no black man could
fly with the Strategic Air Command.
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Abraham Lincoln knew that a country
could only truly stand for freedom if
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it applied to all of its people.
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Around the world there's
a growing tide of freedom.
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The belief that every person has
the right to self determination
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is growing stronger and stronger.
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I wonder, if one day we will all be free.
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What drives people to fight for freedom?
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Five nights before elections
they told everybody Putin
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will be the next president.
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I was just really angry.
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Can we find liberty even
when bound in chains?
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My mind and emotions were
beyond the confines of that cell.
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And when will everyone be
free to be who they really are?
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I wanna wear a Burkah so
nobody sees me as a boy.
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That's when I felt what
freedom really meant.
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This is my journey.
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To discover the ties that bind us.
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And the common humanity inside us.
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This is The Story of Us.
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Subtitles by explosiveskull
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I'm going to meet a man
who was born a slave.
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Shin Dong Hyuk began his life
in a North Korean labor camp.
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It was the only world he knew
until he was 23 years old.
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I wonder what freedom means for someone
who first encounters it as an adult?
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Shin and his wife Leann are meeting me
in New York City to tell me his story.
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Nice to meet you.
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- How do you do?
- Good.
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So, how long you two been married?
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- Two year.
- Two years?
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- Yeah, this April.
- Is that a long time yet?
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- Yes.
- Yeah.
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Feels long at the same time it
feels like it was just yesterday.
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Ok, got, got you out of a hole there.
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You been free now for, what?
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Eleven year.
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Eleven years, okay, so you
were born in a slave labor camp?
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Yep, so.
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How did it come about that
you were gonna be born there?
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My parents go in the camp,
I was born in the camp.
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- They were political prisoners?
- Yes.
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The United Nations estimates
there are about 100,000
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political prisoners in North Korea.
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You can be thrown into a prison camp simply
by speaking ill of the country's leader.
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Just talk to me a little bit about
daily life while you were in the camp.
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You were there for a long time.
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We woke around 4 AM.
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and there would be some kind of
signal either a bell, maybe a speaker
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and we would know it
was time to go and work.
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So would do whatever task it would be.
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It could be farming corn rice, it
could be working in the coal mines.
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None of us had dreams
or hopes for the future.
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It was just so natural,
that's just the way it was.
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Born there, lived there, die there.
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If we do something wrong or don't work
well, the guards would give us an option,
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you can either starve or get beat.
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Gee wiz!
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So one of the rules that we learn is that
we are never, ever supposed to eat anything,
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that is not given to us.
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This little girl was probably six or seven
at the time but she must have came across
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something to eat and she didn't want to
eat it all at once and she must have wanted
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to save it so she had to hid it in her
pocket and one of the guards had said,
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why didn't follow the rule,
you know better than that?
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And he repeatedly hit her on her
head and eventually she passed out.
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The next day she didn't come to class
so the guard sent us to go get her
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but when we got the house she was dead.
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They beat this child to death?
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What about your parents?
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Really sad but they were
just fellow prisoners to me,
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I didn't have any sense of family.
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The hardest thing in my whole life is
probably the memory of my mum and my brother.
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But I learned as a child that I'm supposed
to report to the guards at any point
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on my own parents, you know, report
if they're doing anything wrong.
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And the more I report on them,
the better off it is for me.
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So I thought they were
escaping and I reported on them.
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I really had no anticipation or
thoughts of what would come from that.
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There were many people
gathered and my father and
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I were forced to watch their execution.
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But honestly I really had no emotion.
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- When it happened?
- When it happened.
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In a way I thought it must have
been a sin that maybe they...
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deserved.
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Later Shin recalls meeting
a fellow prisoner named Park,
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a man who traveled throughout
North Korea and China.
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He intoxicated Shin with descriptions
of life lived freely and life with food.
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He sparked a lot of curiosity
with the things he said.
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But the thing that was most fascinating
was the way he was able to express
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and explain the foods he ate, like pork,
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the way he would describe it was so
interesting and it just pulled me in.
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Some might consider it
kind of foolish or humorous
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but for me it was
something as simple as food.
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It was that simple thought
that kind of drove me initially.
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To run?
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In 2005, January 2nd we were
tasked to work near the fence.
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I had actually been the one to initially
say, maybe this is the time we should try.
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According to Shin, when they made their
break, Park arrived at the fence first.
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But he accidentally
touched the electric wire.
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Only Shin made it through alive.
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I really had no idea
what to do or where to go,
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all I knew is that I needed
to get away as far as possible.
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Of course, of course.
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Shin crossed the border into China
and survived by working odd jobs.
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He made his way to Shanghai and from there
gained passage to Seoul in South Korea.
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Shin had freed his body, but he began
to realize his mind was still enslaved.
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You're free.
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How is that feeling?
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The time I come to South Korea,
in the night I don't sleep.
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Nightmare?
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Yeah.
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And because of the nightmares and the
mental distress I couldn't even eat.
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I was diagnosed with severe PTSD.
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And from that point is when I started
having questions in my head about life.
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How long were you in South Korea?
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- About ten years.
- Ten years.
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It's a long time to get acclimated.
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Which brings up you.
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From when I first saw her I liked her
right away and I thought she was pretty.
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And within a few days I asked if she
had a boyfriend and, he's very brave.
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- Very brave.
- Very brave, I must say.
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Marrying Leann and choosing to start a
family was for Shin a decisive break from the
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chains that had bound him for so long.
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It was so hard for me to comprehend and
look at the world around me where parents
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love their children and feed their
children and clothe their children
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and care for them.
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But now that we are expecting our son,
I see how my wife is preparing for it
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and I see that there's a
child growing inside of her
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and I just see the world differently.
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- Well Shin.
- Bye.
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- Thank you so very much.
- Thank you very much, thank you.
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Really appreciate your
coming and doing this.
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I hope to see you again maybe.
139
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Alright that's a good idea.
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And my darling, thank you.
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Thank you, so nice meeting you.
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Take care of that young'in.
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- Thank you.
- OK, bye-bye. - Bye.
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Shin didn't suddenly feel free,
he had to learn what freedom is.
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Experiencing the joy and challenges of life
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and all the complex
choices you have to make.
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He has made those choices.
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He's got married.
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He has a kid on the way.
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And that, that's what
gives freedom meaning.
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Freedom is a state of mind.
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And this man is living proof of that.
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He found a way to be free, even
though his body was utterly trapped.
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For 43 years.
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I'm headed to Louisiana,
to meet Albert Woodfox.
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He was imprisoned here in Angola State
Penitentiary for most of his life.
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Originally convicted of
armed robbery at age 18,
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he ended up on solitary confinement for
longer than anyone else in American history.
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A-ha.
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- A-ha.
- Mr. Woodfox.
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- Mr. Freeman, welcome to my home.
- Nice to meet you.
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I would expect anyone who spends
four decades in solitary to emerge
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with a broken soul and deadened mind.
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00:12:05,467 --> 00:12:08,563
But Albert appears
healthy and well adjusted.
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I've come to find out how.
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So, what got you in prison?
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I was a predator in my own community.
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You know a petty criminal,
a person of the street.
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I was undisciplined, unmotivated stuff.
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But my crime going to prison
was an armed robbery charge.
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And did you go straight to
Angola when you were convicted?
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No I actually escaped the very
day I was sentenced to 50 years.
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Ok, alright, you escaped, you
were out for a little while?
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- Well I went to New York.
- You went to New York?
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It was a defining moment in
my life because while in Harlem
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I had an up close encounter
with the Black Panther Party.
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♪ Revolution has come ♪
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I had always noticed a certain
fear in African-Americans,
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even those who defied the odds
and achieved certain goals in life.
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00:13:07,473 --> 00:13:12,257
For the first time in my
life where I seen black people
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and I didn't see that fear,
I didn't feel that fear.
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Talking about revolution and organizing
the black community to protect the people.
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Some of the sisters.
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And although they possessed outward
beauty, it was the inner beauty that I was
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seeing, it was the strength and
determination and the sense of purpose.
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I was profoundly shocked
when I realized that hey,
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I am worth something, I do matter.
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I actually joined the Black Panther Party.
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OK.
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But I got arrested again and I was
eventually extradited back to Louisiana
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and after that they
shipped me to Angola in 71.
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But it was an incident a year
after his arrival at Angola
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that would change the
course of Albert's life.
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A prison guard was found murdered.
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April 17th 1972 they found a
correction officer named Brent Miller
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murdered in one of the units.
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Each unit has four dormitories
and I was in the very last unit.
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Even though Albert's unit was
nowhere near the scene of the crime,
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prison authorities
accused him of the murder.
200
00:14:28,334 --> 00:14:29,748
Did they ever find out who did it?
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Well they could of, they had a bloody,
identifiable bloody fingerprint on the door.
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They had the fingerprint of every
prisoner in the Angola at that time.
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They could have found out
who that fingerprint was from.
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Albert believes he and two
other inmates were framed because
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of their affiliation
with the Black Panthers.
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They labeled me a militant.
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00:14:51,296 --> 00:14:55,182
During that time a militant
meant you was a Panther.
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I was placed in solitary confinement.
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April 18th 1972 and I didn't
get out of solitary confinement
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until February 19th 2016.
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Albert and the other two inmates each
spent decades in solitary confinement.
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They became known as the Angola 3.
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00:15:18,901 --> 00:15:24,055
Human rights groups around the world
declared their punishment cruel and inhumane.
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Why this room is a little bigger than
the cell but it give you some idea
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00:15:28,008 --> 00:15:33,360
of the size of the cell we
lived in in solitary confinement.
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The cell is approximately you know,
nine feet long and six feet wide.
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- This is the length of it?
- Yes. - Good Lord.
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So you have a very narrow path that
you can walk up and down and sit.
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How much time you spend in this place?
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- A 23 hours out of the day.
- 23 hours every day. - Every day.
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- Seven days a week.
- Seven days a week, 365 days of the year.
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It was a living nightmare, filled
with one horror after another.
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That's the only way I can describe prison.
224
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The strip search, now that it one
of the most humiliating experiences
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you can go through.
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00:16:22,087 --> 00:16:25,909
And you have to stand before these
people and strip completely naked.
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And you have to you know, raise
your genitals and you open your mouth
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00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:35,718
and you know this is what they used to
do to our ancestors on the slave block.
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00:16:36,369 --> 00:16:38,979
And so we started resisting
you know, we wouldn't do it.
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00:16:39,015 --> 00:16:43,089
You know they would tell you strip
and you refuse and they'd beat you
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00:16:43,176 --> 00:16:45,305
and tear your clothes off you and stuff.
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Slam you down on the desk.
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I don't know how many times I got beat.
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00:16:49,958 --> 00:16:53,666
Albert's physical world was
incredibly small and oppressive
235
00:16:53,888 --> 00:16:57,459
but he refused to let his cage confine him.
236
00:16:58,920 --> 00:17:03,259
That would seem to close the mind Albert.
237
00:17:03,479 --> 00:17:05,372
Didn't close yours.
238
00:17:05,481 --> 00:17:08,535
I never thought about being in the cell.
239
00:17:08,635 --> 00:17:13,365
My mind and emotions and all that
were beyond the confines of that cell.
240
00:17:14,206 --> 00:17:19,327
I said that if me dying in solitary
confinement become a better human being and
241
00:17:19,409 --> 00:17:22,983
to make those around me
better, it would be worth it.
242
00:17:23,679 --> 00:17:26,913
I started to try to raise the level
of consciousness of other prisoners
243
00:17:26,949 --> 00:17:28,749
in the dormitory I lived in.
244
00:17:28,785 --> 00:17:35,468
Educate, agitate, organize against
prison corruption, prison brutality.
245
00:17:35,542 --> 00:17:39,864
Albert had freed his mind even
though his body remained confined.
246
00:17:40,368 --> 00:17:46,232
We are deeply disappointed that Mr.
Woodfox will not be released today.
247
00:17:46,631 --> 00:17:49,665
Twice Albert has his conviction overturned.
248
00:17:49,749 --> 00:17:53,048
Twice more the state imposed new charges.
249
00:17:53,813 --> 00:17:58,068
Finally government officials offered
to release Albert if he pleaded
250
00:17:58,135 --> 00:18:00,905
"no contest" to lesser charges.
251
00:18:01,975 --> 00:18:07,946
On his 69th birthday, after 43
years and ten months in solitary,
252
00:18:08,033 --> 00:18:12,693
Albert Woodfox became the last
of the Angola 3 to be released.
253
00:18:13,305 --> 00:18:17,327
Albert's body finally
followed his mind to freedom.
254
00:18:20,141 --> 00:18:24,753
He's finally reunited with
his family and he gets to enjoy
255
00:18:24,819 --> 00:18:26,856
being a great grandfather.
256
00:18:26,905 --> 00:18:29,709
He's also an advocate for prisoners rights.
257
00:18:31,363 --> 00:18:36,544
You were amazed at people who
were black but not afraid and
258
00:18:36,618 --> 00:18:43,240
I think part of your freedom, while
incarcerated, is freedom from fear.
259
00:18:43,281 --> 00:18:45,951
Because if you had been afraid
you wouldn't have done any of that.
260
00:18:46,379 --> 00:18:48,889
No I don't think I could.
261
00:18:49,002 --> 00:18:55,894
Every time you know, I had to take
a stand and knowing that there would
262
00:18:55,930 --> 00:19:00,831
be some retribution, you know
but still overcoming fear,
263
00:19:00,887 --> 00:19:03,490
finding the strength to say,
264
00:19:04,309 --> 00:19:06,327
I'm still, I still got to do this.
265
00:19:06,370 --> 00:19:07,969
I have to do this.
266
00:19:08,044 --> 00:19:12,580
That spells
C-O-U-R-A-G-E.
267
00:19:13,424 --> 00:19:14,627
Thank you.
268
00:19:18,577 --> 00:19:23,262
Albert Woodfox had four
decades in solitary confinement
269
00:19:23,312 --> 00:19:25,116
to think about freedom.
270
00:19:25,194 --> 00:19:30,015
In prison he learned to cast off
the chains that bound him physically
271
00:19:30,112 --> 00:19:32,086
and found that inner freedom.
272
00:19:32,144 --> 00:19:38,772
Nelson Mandela said, "To be free is
not merely to cast off ones chains,
273
00:19:39,385 --> 00:19:44,640
but to live in a way that respects
and enhances the freedom of others."
274
00:19:46,232 --> 00:19:48,779
Something we must all strive for.
275
00:19:55,109 --> 00:19:59,792
Life without the concept of freedom
seems alien to most of us today.
276
00:20:00,815 --> 00:20:06,397
For most of recorded history, freedom
was the domain of only a select few.
277
00:20:06,640 --> 00:20:10,271
Royalty, nobility and the wealthy.
278
00:20:11,023 --> 00:20:17,661
But in 1776, 13 British colonies in
North America dared to declare freedom
279
00:20:17,728 --> 00:20:19,573
as a basic human right.
280
00:20:24,709 --> 00:20:28,774
I'm headed to the American
Philosophical Society in Philadelphia
281
00:20:28,864 --> 00:20:32,325
to meet with its librarian Patrick Spero.
282
00:20:32,744 --> 00:20:37,116
He studies documents dating back to
the time of the country's founding.
283
00:20:41,528 --> 00:20:45,317
What you're looking at here is
one of the first printings of
284
00:20:45,353 --> 00:20:47,012
the Declaration of Independence.
285
00:20:47,048 --> 00:20:49,085
The first section is the preamble.
286
00:20:49,121 --> 00:20:52,796
And this is where they talk about life,
liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
287
00:20:52,950 --> 00:20:56,744
And the idea is that individuals
should be free to do these things
288
00:20:56,828 --> 00:20:59,326
and government is constituted
to protect those freedoms.
289
00:20:59,380 --> 00:21:00,631
These freedoms.
290
00:21:00,692 --> 00:21:03,819
And what the king has done
is broken that contract,
291
00:21:03,889 --> 00:21:06,890
broken that trust and so
they have to be freed from
292
00:21:06,926 --> 00:21:10,779
the king in order to be
free to do what they want.
293
00:21:10,854 --> 00:21:15,616
Now can you say taht this was the first
time a group of people decided that they
294
00:21:15,652 --> 00:21:19,091
wanted to be free to do whatever
the heck they wanted to do?
295
00:21:19,841 --> 00:21:24,953
Well I think it's the first time that
it was ever written in a official way.
296
00:21:26,882 --> 00:21:32,190
But this is not the only version of the
Declaration of Independence that survives.
297
00:21:32,870 --> 00:21:35,182
The other document that
I wanna show you is this,
298
00:21:35,222 --> 00:21:38,490
Thomas Jefferson's draft of
the Declaration of Independence
299
00:21:38,561 --> 00:21:40,528
and you can see on the
side there's these notes.
300
00:21:40,583 --> 00:21:41,087
Yep.
301
00:21:41,154 --> 00:21:43,502
Once Congress got their hands on
this they started changing words,
302
00:21:43,566 --> 00:21:44,699
changing meanings.
303
00:21:44,776 --> 00:21:48,914
I think the most notable one is in that
famous phrase, that people were endowed with
304
00:21:48,961 --> 00:21:52,962
certain unalienable rights,
Jefferson originally wrote
305
00:21:53,025 --> 00:21:55,996
"inherent and inalienable rights".
306
00:21:56,072 --> 00:21:59,201
Inherent rights, which
Jefferson used several times,
307
00:21:59,310 --> 00:22:00,648
means that all people are born with the...
308
00:22:00,684 --> 00:22:03,053
Born with these rights.
309
00:22:04,262 --> 00:22:11,367
OK, so if they rights are not inherent,
then you're not necessarily born with them,
310
00:22:11,458 --> 00:22:13,598
only a few people are born with them.
311
00:22:13,667 --> 00:22:16,896
And they're applied only to white society.
312
00:22:16,956 --> 00:22:19,155
- White male society?
- Yes, yes.
313
00:22:24,499 --> 00:22:27,953
It never occurred to me that
the rights to freedom spelled out
314
00:22:28,015 --> 00:22:30,645
in the Declaration of
Independence were deliberately
315
00:22:30,681 --> 00:22:34,718
phrased to exclude slaves and women.
316
00:22:35,507 --> 00:22:38,779
Thomas Jefferson's original
draft, preserved here in the
317
00:22:38,849 --> 00:22:43,938
American Philosophical Society,
describes the rights as inherent,
318
00:22:44,005 --> 00:22:47,449
meaning they should apply
to everybody from birth.
319
00:22:47,513 --> 00:22:54,365
But the final signed version only
describes certain unalienable rights.
320
00:22:55,139 --> 00:23:02,097
In other words, only rights land owning
white men already had, couldn't be taken away.
321
00:23:02,396 --> 00:23:08,835
The Declaration of Independence, it
says that all men are created equal,
322
00:23:08,871 --> 00:23:10,146
that's not what it meant?
323
00:23:10,208 --> 00:23:15,300
They aren't writing for the enslaved,
they aren't writing for women.
324
00:23:15,403 --> 00:23:19,810
The thing is about this document, is
that slavery existed in this period,
325
00:23:19,873 --> 00:23:23,353
but the word is never used and they are
purposeful about not using it because
326
00:23:23,429 --> 00:23:28,136
they know that it does not
comport with the idea of liberty,
327
00:23:28,175 --> 00:23:30,572
that there's that
contradiction, that paradox.
328
00:23:30,634 --> 00:23:34,841
Is it safe to say that
Jefferson was probably one of our
329
00:23:34,911 --> 00:23:39,548
most enigmatic presidents?
330
00:23:39,602 --> 00:23:40,461
Yes.
331
00:23:40,507 --> 00:23:44,616
Well you know, the thing is
Jefferson was imperfect you know.
332
00:23:44,678 --> 00:23:50,516
Jefferson had slaves, Jefferson's
imperfections got at the American paradox.
333
00:23:51,086 --> 00:23:55,200
Ok, so the Declaration of Independence
334
00:23:55,263 --> 00:24:00,068
is not a document guaranteeing freedom?
335
00:24:00,428 --> 00:24:03,566
Yes, I think that's fair.
336
00:24:03,640 --> 00:24:08,622
But once you put that writing in stone,
it empowered people, it inspired people.
337
00:24:08,708 --> 00:24:12,008
It drove them to realize
what those words meant.
338
00:24:12,083 --> 00:24:13,001
Could mean.
339
00:24:13,068 --> 00:24:16,760
Well it took a lot of fighting and
effort, heroic actions, bravery,
340
00:24:16,970 --> 00:24:20,987
people willing to risk their lives to
realize the promise of the Declaration.
341
00:24:24,689 --> 00:24:29,934
The Declaration of Independence was not
designed to free everyone in America.
342
00:24:30,025 --> 00:24:35,366
Its original purpose was to free
powerful American landowners from any
343
00:24:35,402 --> 00:24:37,749
obligations to the King of England.
344
00:24:38,618 --> 00:24:43,555
But, once those white men
had signed that document,
345
00:24:44,144 --> 00:24:50,102
they unwittingly opened the road to
freedom for the rest of us to walk along.
346
00:24:55,902 --> 00:24:58,830
Freedom doesn't come without a fight.
347
00:25:01,285 --> 00:25:05,336
What American revolutionaries
fought for over two centuries ago,
348
00:25:05,414 --> 00:25:09,267
other revolutionaries
continue to battle for today.
349
00:25:12,213 --> 00:25:16,697
I've come to Guatemala to meet
freedom fighter and Nobel Peace Prize
350
00:25:16,741 --> 00:25:19,311
winner Rigoberta Menchu.
351
00:25:19,813 --> 00:25:24,618
A Guatemalan Indian rights activist
who fled her country in 1981
352
00:25:24,654 --> 00:25:27,302
after security forces killed her family.
353
00:25:33,657 --> 00:25:37,038
She has dedicated her life
to securing a better future
354
00:25:37,084 --> 00:25:39,830
for the indigenous peoples of her country.
355
00:25:51,933 --> 00:25:53,315
Hello, hello, hello.
356
00:25:53,908 --> 00:25:55,779
Senor Freeman.
357
00:26:04,862 --> 00:26:09,545
Rigoberta belongs to the K'iche
one of over 20 indigenous groups of
358
00:26:09,581 --> 00:26:14,242
Mayan descent which make up about
half of Guatemala's population.
359
00:26:16,875 --> 00:26:20,590
For centuries the Mayan were denied
voting rights and land ownership
360
00:26:20,680 --> 00:26:23,402
and were forced to labor on plantations.
361
00:26:26,739 --> 00:26:31,105
Some of the worst oppression came
during the 36 year Guatemalan Civil War.
362
00:26:32,455 --> 00:26:37,868
When tens of thousands of Maya were
kidnapped, tortured and murdered.
363
00:26:39,904 --> 00:26:44,320
Rigoberta gave voice to the plight of her
people with an oral testimony that would
364
00:26:44,383 --> 00:26:48,868
become her book I, Rigoberta Menchu.
365
00:26:48,932 --> 00:26:50,651
Your book seemed to make quite an impact,
366
00:26:50,687 --> 00:26:52,229
why do you think that is?
367
00:26:56,163 --> 00:26:58,999
I was the first Guatemalan
that was able to talk about
368
00:26:59,059 --> 00:27:01,362
what was happening here in Guatemala.
369
00:27:03,254 --> 00:27:06,131
I think Guatemala was a
laboratory for cruelty.
370
00:27:07,369 --> 00:27:11,033
Here they practiced torture, they
practiced forced disappearance and they
371
00:27:11,069 --> 00:27:13,523
practiced brutal hatred against the Mayans.
372
00:27:16,031 --> 00:27:21,629
Rigoberta's father began organizing rural
workers and fighting for indigenous rights
373
00:27:21,714 --> 00:27:26,667
but he drew the attention of the regime
which was vent on rooting out guerrillas.
374
00:27:29,199 --> 00:27:32,170
The war reached my home in 1979.
375
00:27:34,601 --> 00:27:36,523
My brother was kidnapped.
376
00:27:37,135 --> 00:27:38,629
He was 16 years old.
377
00:27:42,332 --> 00:27:46,672
And then he was tortured and
then he was shot to death.
378
00:27:51,206 --> 00:27:56,433
On January 31st 1980, Rigoberta's father
joined a group of activists occupying
379
00:27:56,513 --> 00:27:59,036
the Spanish embassy in Guatemala City.
380
00:28:03,471 --> 00:28:08,628
They were protesting massacres and
kidnappings taking place in the countryside.
381
00:28:10,449 --> 00:28:14,927
The authorities ordered a raid
but then the embassy caught fire
382
00:28:14,993 --> 00:28:17,477
and police blocked the exits.
383
00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:20,816
He was in the embassy, on fire?
384
00:28:22,820 --> 00:28:23,735
Si.
385
00:28:34,585 --> 00:28:38,353
Three months after the death of
my father my mother was kidnapped.
386
00:28:41,264 --> 00:28:43,801
And she suffered the worst of the torture.
387
00:28:47,020 --> 00:28:50,826
And then another one of my
brothers had been shot to death.
388
00:28:50,918 --> 00:28:57,058
Your father, your mother,
two brothers, killed.
389
00:28:57,694 --> 00:28:58,819
Si.
390
00:28:58,887 --> 00:29:00,293
They never caught up with you?
391
00:29:02,373 --> 00:29:05,543
The Sisters of the Sacred Family
brought me to Guatemala City.
392
00:29:08,367 --> 00:29:11,909
They were able to get me out, hide
me with religious orders in Mexico.
393
00:29:11,961 --> 00:29:17,143
- How long were you there?
- For 14 years. - 14 years in Mexico?
394
00:29:21,201 --> 00:29:24,742
So I made a promise to fight against
impunity for the rest of my life.
395
00:29:27,186 --> 00:29:30,023
And I became a spokesperson for Guatemala.
396
00:29:31,317 --> 00:29:36,157
Rigoberta traveled around the world spreading
the story of the Maya's quest for freedom.
397
00:29:36,548 --> 00:29:39,050
She addressed the United Nations.
398
00:29:39,614 --> 00:29:43,840
In 1992 she won the Nobel Peace Price.
399
00:29:45,550 --> 00:29:49,557
Her tireless work brought international
pressure on Guatemala's government and
400
00:29:49,646 --> 00:29:51,649
helped lead the way to peace.
401
00:29:53,104 --> 00:29:58,406
In Guatemala, just as in the
civil rights movement in the US,
402
00:29:58,489 --> 00:30:03,826
some people chose to fight for freedom
with the sword, while others chose the pen.
403
00:30:04,705 --> 00:30:08,506
It is those who chose the
path of peace I believe,
404
00:30:08,604 --> 00:30:11,043
who lay the foundation for real change.
405
00:30:14,815 --> 00:30:18,335
If freedom is ever going to
become a universal human right,
406
00:30:18,391 --> 00:30:22,563
it needs people willing to champion
it no matter what the danger.
407
00:30:23,268 --> 00:30:28,711
I'm headed to New York to meet a woman
who is fearless in her march for freedom.
408
00:30:31,744 --> 00:30:37,688
Nadya Tolokonnikova is a
founding member of Pussy Riot,
409
00:30:37,741 --> 00:30:40,310
a Russian protest rock band.
410
00:30:42,482 --> 00:30:48,065
In 2012 Pussy Riot staged a flash
concert inside a Moscow cathedral.
411
00:30:49,733 --> 00:30:53,568
Their aim was to draw attention
to what they saw as suppression
412
00:30:53,604 --> 00:30:57,902
of democratic freedoms by
Russian President Vladimir Putin
413
00:30:58,024 --> 00:31:00,927
with the collusion of the Russian church.
414
00:31:03,197 --> 00:31:07,078
Nadya's musical protest
cost her 22 months in prison.
415
00:31:07,949 --> 00:31:11,509
She's free now, living in New York.
416
00:31:12,643 --> 00:31:16,199
And she refuses to be cowed into silence.
417
00:31:19,196 --> 00:31:24,019
Now the name Pussy Riot, very
outgoing and daring and ear catching,
418
00:31:24,069 --> 00:31:25,769
get peoples attention.
419
00:31:25,852 --> 00:31:27,310
How many of you started this?
420
00:31:27,346 --> 00:31:29,180
Me and my friend Kat.
421
00:31:29,258 --> 00:31:33,372
But we have open membership 'cause
the idea was to start a movement
422
00:31:33,451 --> 00:31:34,930
and so everybody could join.
423
00:31:35,006 --> 00:31:37,839
Your group, the reason you got arrested,
424
00:31:37,906 --> 00:31:42,613
was you did this raunchy
performance in a church.
425
00:31:42,679 --> 00:31:43,498
Mm-hm.
426
00:31:43,549 --> 00:31:47,279
Why did you do that, was it because
you knew you would get arrested and
427
00:31:47,362 --> 00:31:49,163
draw a lot of attention or?
428
00:31:49,229 --> 00:31:54,465
I was just really angry because I
woke up one morning and they told us,
429
00:31:54,539 --> 00:31:57,978
everybody in my country that
Vladimir Putin was next president.
430
00:31:58,067 --> 00:32:01,397
So five months before the
elections they just announced it.
431
00:32:01,451 --> 00:32:03,100
And I was confused.
432
00:32:03,169 --> 00:32:05,332
I didn't really like it.
433
00:32:12,194 --> 00:32:14,113
You went to jail.
434
00:32:16,360 --> 00:32:17,757
What was that like?
435
00:32:17,857 --> 00:32:22,971
It made me more stubborn, I was stubborn
before but they made me more, focused.
436
00:32:24,047 --> 00:32:28,225
If you're able to find inspiration
in everything, then you could find
437
00:32:28,286 --> 00:32:30,086
inspiration in jail too.
438
00:32:30,781 --> 00:32:34,235
But it doesn't change the fact
that we don't have any medication,
439
00:32:34,348 --> 00:32:36,351
the conditions are terrible.
440
00:32:36,803 --> 00:32:40,747
I was approached by a lot of women in
my camp and they told me, like look,
441
00:32:40,783 --> 00:32:43,577
you're the, the one person
who could a actually help us.
442
00:32:44,197 --> 00:32:48,892
You have media and you have lawyers
and you have a voice so just tell
443
00:32:48,950 --> 00:32:50,586
what's going on in this prison.
444
00:32:51,859 --> 00:32:54,914
Nadya now had another
oppressor of freedom to target.
445
00:32:55,630 --> 00:32:57,611
Russian prison authorities.
446
00:32:58,691 --> 00:33:03,330
She staged multiple hunger strikes
and drafted letters of protest.
447
00:33:03,714 --> 00:33:07,682
So I was writing these papers to all
these different prison officials about
448
00:33:07,718 --> 00:33:08,878
what I want from them.
449
00:33:08,914 --> 00:33:12,689
I want them improve the food, I
wanted them to improve our conditions.
450
00:33:12,725 --> 00:33:15,889
Well I mean make enough noise, it
would seem to me that they would
451
00:33:15,970 --> 00:33:19,198
want to shut you completely up.
452
00:33:19,286 --> 00:33:25,387
Stick a needle in your neck and you
die, you were never worried about that?
453
00:33:26,101 --> 00:33:28,845
It could happen yeah, it could happen.
454
00:33:33,810 --> 00:33:36,850
Even while she was locked
in a Russian prison,
455
00:33:36,916 --> 00:33:40,431
Nadya Tolokonnikova
remained a freedom fighter,
456
00:33:40,788 --> 00:33:43,637
battling for basic
human rights for inmates.
457
00:33:44,722 --> 00:33:48,269
So I wrote an open letter and then
somehow sneaked through this open
458
00:33:48,305 --> 00:33:53,187
letter and they passed it to the free
world, and it's all over the world,
459
00:33:53,276 --> 00:33:55,316
it's in the biggest Russian
media and it's in the Guardian
460
00:33:55,380 --> 00:33:57,550
and the Times and it's everywhere.
461
00:33:57,666 --> 00:34:01,598
I did achieve something 'cause
several guys who were in,
462
00:34:01,703 --> 00:34:04,808
my prison officials they
were fired from their jobs.
463
00:34:05,529 --> 00:34:08,410
What do you hope to do ultimately?
464
00:34:08,548 --> 00:34:11,710
I think I'm just trying to build
this community all around the world.
465
00:34:12,235 --> 00:34:16,341
You could, you can create some
wave of inspiration of or energy...
466
00:34:16,407 --> 00:34:17,698
Oh yeah, yeah, yeah of course.
467
00:34:17,756 --> 00:34:18,637
Inspire some other people.
468
00:34:18,711 --> 00:34:22,469
If you can inspire five people around you
that's enough 'cause if that five people
469
00:34:22,535 --> 00:34:25,343
inspire somebody else and
then, then it just will grow.
470
00:34:26,667 --> 00:34:30,997
I think fame is a process, it is not an
idea it is just this process of exploring
471
00:34:31,061 --> 00:34:34,400
you know yourself and a
your existence in the world.
472
00:34:37,664 --> 00:34:41,200
♪ Would you have freedom
from wage slavery? ♪
473
00:34:41,292 --> 00:34:44,943
♪ Then join in the
grand Industrial band. ♪
474
00:34:45,288 --> 00:34:48,788
♪ Would you from misery
and hunger be free ♪
475
00:34:48,824 --> 00:34:51,896
♪ Then come, do your
share, like a man. ♪♪
476
00:34:51,967 --> 00:34:56,071
Nadya fights for freedom wherever
she sees people without it.
477
00:34:56,707 --> 00:35:02,593
In Russia she fought for democratic rights,
in prison she fought for human rights.
478
00:35:02,650 --> 00:35:04,449
♪ There is power, there is power, ♪
479
00:35:04,485 --> 00:35:06,202
♪ In a band of working man. ♪
480
00:35:06,238 --> 00:35:09,890
♪ When they stand, hand in hand. ♪
481
00:35:09,959 --> 00:35:11,351
♪ That's a power,
that's a power... ♪♪
482
00:35:11,387 --> 00:35:16,111
In America she's singing an early
20th century workers rights tune
483
00:35:16,217 --> 00:35:21,420
reflecting one of her new fights,
the freedom to join labor unions.
484
00:35:21,456 --> 00:35:24,999
♪ One industrial union grand. ♪
485
00:35:27,277 --> 00:35:34,033
Freedom may be an eternal principle, but
in reality freedom will wither and die
486
00:35:34,069 --> 00:35:41,073
unless people like Nadya fight
for it, rejuvenate it, nourish it.
487
00:35:41,348 --> 00:35:43,184
♪ Hand in hand. ♪
488
00:35:43,236 --> 00:35:44,870
♪ That's a power that's a power. ♪
489
00:35:44,906 --> 00:35:46,864
♪ That must true in every land. ♪
490
00:35:46,924 --> 00:35:50,795
♪ One industrial union grand. ♪♪
491
00:35:53,734 --> 00:35:57,220
Most freedom fighters struggle
against outside oppressors.
492
00:35:57,586 --> 00:36:01,768
Kings, governments, or prison guards.
493
00:36:05,156 --> 00:36:07,295
But there's another form of freedom.
494
00:36:08,584 --> 00:36:15,630
The freedom to be and to be
seen as who we really are.
495
00:36:17,445 --> 00:36:19,411
I'm meeting Victoria Khan,
496
00:36:19,604 --> 00:36:23,730
a woman who has fought for freedom
in every aspect of her life.
497
00:36:24,753 --> 00:36:28,961
She grew up in Afghanistan during
the tumult of the early 90s.
498
00:36:29,170 --> 00:36:33,159
The Taliban were gaining a
foothold but were being fought by
499
00:36:33,195 --> 00:36:37,203
homegrown rebel groups
led by Ahmad Shah Massoud.
500
00:36:45,585 --> 00:36:47,652
You have quite a story to tell me.
501
00:36:47,774 --> 00:36:50,441
Start way back and tell me.
502
00:36:50,477 --> 00:36:55,050
I was born in Afghanistan
and my parents were working
503
00:36:55,124 --> 00:36:57,159
for Ahmad Shah Massoud.
504
00:36:57,234 --> 00:37:02,046
My mum and dad adored me of
course and I have a little sister.
505
00:37:02,126 --> 00:37:05,834
The civil war breaks out somewhere when
you were around six or seven yeas old.
506
00:37:06,533 --> 00:37:09,443
So one night there's something
you can feel there's loud
507
00:37:09,541 --> 00:37:11,910
and screaming and gun shots.
508
00:37:15,358 --> 00:37:18,163
And everyone's home had hidden areas.
509
00:37:19,620 --> 00:37:22,738
And my mum and dad they
put us, both of us in there.
510
00:37:23,465 --> 00:37:28,170
I remember my mum saying, don't you
come out until everything is quiet.
511
00:37:29,459 --> 00:37:33,227
Then they kiss us, they said take
care of your sister and that was it.
512
00:37:40,243 --> 00:37:43,162
Can you tell me what
happened when you came up?
513
00:37:50,336 --> 00:37:56,198
The street was full of dead bodies, blood.
514
00:37:57,257 --> 00:37:59,909
It's impossible to recognize whose who.
515
00:38:06,015 --> 00:38:11,953
Not only they shot people, they chopped
off heads, chopped off body parts.
516
00:38:12,419 --> 00:38:14,689
- Did you find your parents?
- No.
517
00:38:17,089 --> 00:38:23,298
After your parents were killed, all the
children were taken by Mullahs and these
518
00:38:23,367 --> 00:38:28,171
imams and Mullahs would pick
out I'll take him, her, him, her.
519
00:38:28,224 --> 00:38:29,594
How did that go?
520
00:38:29,660 --> 00:38:34,632
I did that for I would say maybe
four or five months until I saw these
521
00:38:34,738 --> 00:38:37,264
imam on top of my sister...
522
00:38:39,214 --> 00:38:43,589
molesting her and she was
five and a half years old.
523
00:38:43,677 --> 00:38:48,057
So when he went to prayer room, ran into
the house, grabbed my sister and I put
524
00:38:48,093 --> 00:38:51,933
her on me because she couldn't
even walk, she was bleeding and...
525
00:38:55,521 --> 00:39:00,440
I carried her on my back maybe a
few miles until we found a women
526
00:39:00,489 --> 00:39:02,558
who was sitting outside her home.
527
00:39:02,618 --> 00:39:06,985
She took us in and gave us
some dry bread and water.
528
00:39:08,380 --> 00:39:11,619
But then she told us she's gonna
take us to some very safe place.
529
00:39:12,421 --> 00:39:14,924
It was a Wahabi camp for children.
530
00:39:16,850 --> 00:39:21,754
Where they start telling you
how to become a suicide bomber,
531
00:39:21,836 --> 00:39:25,263
but they're not gonna just up front
coming up and say we're gonna train you
532
00:39:25,339 --> 00:39:27,052
to become a suicide bomber.
533
00:39:30,276 --> 00:39:34,048
You're wanting to be because they say
you're gonna meet your mum and dad.
534
00:39:34,101 --> 00:39:37,159
And we really, really
wanted to see our parents.
535
00:39:39,194 --> 00:39:42,595
Just as Victoria believed she was
about to be shipped to Pakistan
536
00:39:42,631 --> 00:39:48,073
for more jihadi training, the
rebel leader Ahmad Shah Massoud
537
00:39:49,213 --> 00:39:51,301
attacked the Wahabi camp.
538
00:39:52,904 --> 00:39:59,435
Ahmad Shah Massoud and maybe 40, 50 fighters
comes in the horses with their weapons.
539
00:40:02,493 --> 00:40:04,797
Oh my god this person gonna save me.
540
00:40:05,583 --> 00:40:11,990
Ahmad Shah Massoud kills every single one of
these people who are torturing these children,
541
00:40:12,246 --> 00:40:16,572
so he rescues every one
of us, 5-600 children.
542
00:40:19,221 --> 00:40:21,408
That's Ahmad Shah Massoud.
543
00:40:21,498 --> 00:40:26,505
He was not just a leader of our
country he was a spiritual leader.
544
00:40:26,637 --> 00:40:29,873
- Savior.
- Savior, that's the word I was looking for.
545
00:40:30,961 --> 00:40:33,862
After Victoria and her
sister were liberated,
546
00:40:34,442 --> 00:40:37,479
a woman offered them safe
passage to Tajikistan.
547
00:40:38,473 --> 00:40:42,627
So you got this woman she's
taking you now to Tajikistan.
548
00:40:42,663 --> 00:40:44,347
Yes, we're crossing a border.
549
00:40:44,453 --> 00:40:48,404
I'm crying, I said I don't want
to be separated from my sister,
550
00:40:48,477 --> 00:40:52,401
I wanna wear a Burkah so
nobody sees me as a boy.
551
00:40:52,483 --> 00:40:56,933
- Wait, wait, wait, you were not a girl.
- I was in a boy body.
552
00:40:57,019 --> 00:40:58,183
You were born a boy.
553
00:40:58,254 --> 00:41:04,146
I looked skinny little version boy
physically, and beautiful girl inside.
554
00:41:08,626 --> 00:41:11,626
Many people today fight for the
freedom to live as their minds
555
00:41:11,662 --> 00:41:13,733
and spirits compel them to.
556
00:41:21,819 --> 00:41:25,920
But Victoria Khan's struggle to
free her true self was coupled with
557
00:41:25,956 --> 00:41:28,547
a long battle to stay alive.
558
00:41:29,398 --> 00:41:34,584
As a transgender woman, she grew up
in Afghanistan being seen as a boy.
559
00:41:35,650 --> 00:41:40,121
But while crossing the border in
Tajikistan with her younger sister,
560
00:41:40,831 --> 00:41:44,037
Victoria wanted to make
sure they were not separated.
561
00:41:45,041 --> 00:41:47,343
So she put on a Burkah.
562
00:41:48,413 --> 00:41:52,879
The Burkah was that lightening
stroke, that says yes.
563
00:41:53,210 --> 00:41:59,668
When I put it on the first time that
I felt what freedom really meant.
564
00:42:00,010 --> 00:42:05,666
It felt so right, first time I felt
like, like the wings I had in my back,
565
00:42:05,725 --> 00:42:07,336
that I could fly.
566
00:42:07,372 --> 00:42:12,467
Now I get the taste of
that, now I cannot forget it
567
00:42:12,503 --> 00:42:15,243
and I cannot give up
never having it either.
568
00:42:15,939 --> 00:42:21,150
Victoria spent the next few years
making her way from Tajikistan to Europe
569
00:42:21,234 --> 00:42:23,573
where her sister now lives.
570
00:42:24,331 --> 00:42:27,730
Eventually Victoria made it to the U.S.
571
00:42:28,254 --> 00:42:31,853
She had freed herself from the
mortal dangers of her childhood,
572
00:42:32,358 --> 00:42:34,527
but she still wasn't free.
573
00:42:34,786 --> 00:42:38,025
Here you are in the United
States where we're free.
574
00:42:38,250 --> 00:42:40,859
You can do pretty much whatever you want.
575
00:42:41,371 --> 00:42:42,473
Do you feel free?
576
00:42:42,509 --> 00:42:45,126
I was yearning for that feminine feeling.
577
00:42:45,193 --> 00:42:50,063
Remember when I put the Burkah on it
made me feel free but I thought putting
578
00:42:50,099 --> 00:42:55,802
this western skirt and the
head bands on it will make also
579
00:42:55,838 --> 00:42:58,183
again feels the same powerful feelings,
580
00:42:58,219 --> 00:43:02,344
but I had a little bump on that
road because closer to the mirror
581
00:43:02,380 --> 00:43:06,377
I got there was a fuzzy
mustache start growing.
582
00:43:07,201 --> 00:43:13,654
That was, terrifying, terrifying
to think that its actually would
583
00:43:13,747 --> 00:43:17,449
become like my fathers
with full face beard.
584
00:43:17,521 --> 00:43:20,487
I was tired of acting as a man.
585
00:43:21,697 --> 00:43:24,465
It was exhausting 24/7.
586
00:43:24,572 --> 00:43:27,514
So first I decided to do my facial.
587
00:43:27,566 --> 00:43:33,609
It took me almost a year and a half to do
electrolysis and lasers and all that is the
588
00:43:33,645 --> 00:43:36,134
most extremely painful thing.
589
00:43:37,150 --> 00:43:41,016
Then why don't I just do the
entire surgery all back to back.
590
00:43:41,693 --> 00:43:45,043
I went to Colombia, had
18 surgeries back to back.
591
00:43:46,336 --> 00:43:53,418
We have a saying about freedom,
it's not just walls and bars.
592
00:43:54,514 --> 00:43:57,543
Sometimes it's just the mind.
593
00:43:59,097 --> 00:44:00,411
You are right.
594
00:44:01,435 --> 00:44:06,188
Being free from anything and
anyone is the best thing we can ever
595
00:44:06,224 --> 00:44:08,392
experience as a human being.
596
00:44:09,408 --> 00:44:15,218
I hope you do all the things you
want to do, you've earned them.
597
00:44:15,937 --> 00:44:17,588
Thank you so much.
598
00:44:19,135 --> 00:44:20,427
Thank you.
599
00:44:23,388 --> 00:44:26,850
Victoria has followed
a long road to freedom.
600
00:44:27,546 --> 00:44:31,024
She was born in a country at civil war.
601
00:44:31,753 --> 00:44:35,116
Survived becoming an orphan.
602
00:44:36,471 --> 00:44:39,571
Escaped becoming a suicide bomber.
603
00:44:41,385 --> 00:44:44,797
But the hardest ordeal was the last.
604
00:44:45,825 --> 00:44:51,542
Having the courage to free
the person she truly is.
605
00:45:03,520 --> 00:45:10,384
Abraham Lincoln said, "Those who deny freedom
to others, deserve it not for themselves."
606
00:45:11,194 --> 00:45:15,487
But the war for universal freedom is
far from won and the battle lines are
607
00:45:15,523 --> 00:45:18,286
only moved forward slowly.
608
00:45:18,334 --> 00:45:21,746
Around the world millions of
people still live in slavery.
609
00:45:22,753 --> 00:45:28,451
Women still struggle to be
granted the same rights as men.
610
00:45:28,575 --> 00:45:34,125
Others just want to be allowed to be
the person they know they are inside.
611
00:45:35,820 --> 00:45:40,592
It's been truly humbling to meet those
people who fought so hard for their freedoms.
612
00:45:41,569 --> 00:45:47,382
Their stories are a shocking
reminder of how vigilant we must be
613
00:45:47,492 --> 00:45:49,567
to protect human rights.
614
00:45:51,274 --> 00:45:55,877
But they also give me a
glimmer of hope that one day,
615
00:45:56,808 --> 00:45:59,562
those rights will apply to all of us.
616
00:45:59,598 --> 00:46:02,046
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