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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:29,100 --> 00:00:33,100 Out of the endless desert rode a man with a mission. 2 00:00:33,100 --> 00:00:39,940 The stranger bestrode his steed with the ease of a warrior chieftain. 3 00:00:39,940 --> 00:00:44,340 THEME FROM "LAWRENCE OF ARABIA" 4 00:00:44,340 --> 00:00:47,500 Some said he was Omar Sharif 5 00:00:47,500 --> 00:00:52,900 until he paused to reveal his hawklike features. 6 00:00:52,900 --> 00:00:58,260 Yes, here was a man in search of something - an attention-getting title sequence. 7 00:01:10,300 --> 00:01:18,180 Two weeks before, I had arrived in Cairo, capital city of the Arab world's most liberal country. 8 00:01:18,180 --> 00:01:24,700 But the liberal country has a nervous government which a fundamentalist movement 9 00:01:24,700 --> 00:01:31,540 hopes to overthrow by letting off bombs to discourage tourists, thereby wrecking the economy. 10 00:01:31,540 --> 00:01:36,740 No tourist is more easily discouraged by that than I, 11 00:01:36,740 --> 00:01:43,140 but the only danger I saw in the streets came from wheeled vehicles. BUS HORN 12 00:01:43,140 --> 00:01:50,500 They're always on the point of hitting each other, and will hit you if you stand bewildered, 13 00:01:50,500 --> 00:01:58,020 a state easy to achieve, because you can't tell what century you're in. 14 00:02:03,500 --> 00:02:08,660 A lot of Cairo is modern looking but you can get that anywhere. 15 00:02:08,660 --> 00:02:13,580 What you get only here is the turmoil of alleys and arcades 16 00:02:13,580 --> 00:02:18,620 that have been like this since the pyramids were just a set of plans. 17 00:02:18,620 --> 00:02:24,700 In old Cairo everything's on sale, for a price, but if you pay it you're crazy. 18 00:02:24,700 --> 00:02:29,660 What you have to do is bargain, even for a camel. 19 00:02:29,660 --> 00:02:34,580 I needed a camel for my attention-getting title sequence. 20 00:02:34,580 --> 00:02:37,740 I thought of renting one. 21 00:02:37,740 --> 00:02:44,100 But if I bargained hard enough, I could buy one and perfect the riding technique 22 00:02:44,100 --> 00:02:51,620 which had gone rusty since the old days on the set of "Lawrence of Arabia" when I taught Omar Sharif 23 00:02:51,620 --> 00:02:56,780 how to shoot his rifle without blowing the camel's head off. 24 00:03:00,660 --> 00:03:04,980 SPEAKING ARABIC 25 00:03:04,980 --> 00:03:12,540 Bargaining consisted of holding on to each other's wrists. The last one to let go got the camel. 26 00:03:12,540 --> 00:03:17,500 I didn't see how I could lose. All I had to do was hang in there 27 00:03:17,500 --> 00:03:24,460 while they gave way to the panic which always seemed to ensue when the pressure was on. 28 00:03:24,460 --> 00:03:30,180 MEN SHOUTING, CAMEL ROARING 29 00:03:42,940 --> 00:03:47,180 Welcome. Good morning. Glad to be here. 30 00:03:47,180 --> 00:03:51,140 I was thinking of renting one of these. 31 00:03:51,140 --> 00:03:59,020 But I'm told I may as well buy one and sell it back later. How much do they cost? Those two... 32 00:03:59,020 --> 00:04:02,380 er...3,000 Egyptian dollars. 33 00:04:04,620 --> 00:04:13,260 That's six hundred quid. Quite a lot. You want? Well, I... Some of them are very handsome. 34 00:04:13,260 --> 00:04:19,060 We were sizing each other up. I'd spotted the camel I wanted, 35 00:04:19,060 --> 00:04:25,140 and I knew how much I could afford to bid under the tight system of BBC accounting. 36 00:04:25,140 --> 00:04:29,100 Now all I had to do was stay cool. 37 00:04:29,100 --> 00:04:33,140 ARGUING IN ARABIC 38 00:04:36,620 --> 00:04:41,060 Half an hour went by without anyone relaxing his grip. 39 00:04:41,060 --> 00:04:49,100 But at the end, I'd beaten the locals out of a camel they'd have given their right hands for. 40 00:04:49,100 --> 00:04:56,140 A couple had already done so since my purchase had turned carnivorous owing to mental instability. 41 00:04:56,140 --> 00:05:04,900 But the price included garaging and advance riding lessons after dark, so I was satisfied. 42 00:05:08,260 --> 00:05:15,780 Leaving my camel at the psychiatrist's, I plunged deep into the bazaar. 43 00:05:15,780 --> 00:05:19,900 Most Cairenes are far from rich. 44 00:05:19,900 --> 00:05:24,380 More and more people share in poverty. 45 00:05:24,380 --> 00:05:30,620 But the despair that breeds fundamentalism happens elsewhere in Egypt. 46 00:05:30,620 --> 00:05:39,300 In Cairo, the less well-off lead a stylish life in cafes which house the city's most exciting sport. 47 00:05:39,300 --> 00:05:47,940 Here, Cairo's leading dominoes players, men who dominate dominoes, gather to share the special thrill 48 00:05:47,940 --> 00:05:54,460 known only to the players of top level dominoes on a fast surface. 49 00:05:54,460 --> 00:06:00,540 In the west, a place like this would be called a bar and serve alcohol. 50 00:06:00,540 --> 00:06:08,380 But even in liberal Cairo, Islam frowns on alcohol, so there's nothing stronger than weak tea. 51 00:06:08,380 --> 00:06:15,460 There's a water pipe available for every customer. They don't yield much in the way of nicotine. 52 00:06:15,460 --> 00:06:22,940 All they offer is a mildly spiced puff of smoke, like sucking dust out of a vacuum cleaner. 53 00:06:22,940 --> 00:06:32,140 But I wasn't going to let it lick me, although I was uneasily aware that other customers had licked it. 54 00:06:45,220 --> 00:06:48,780 The locals were clearly impressed. 55 00:06:48,780 --> 00:06:55,100 They paid me the supreme honour of inviting me to join them at dominoes. 56 00:06:59,580 --> 00:07:04,060 In the interests of research, I went along. 57 00:07:04,060 --> 00:07:11,220 I wanted to know how they were having such a good time on just weak tea and thin smoke. 58 00:07:11,220 --> 00:07:19,540 But I didn't want them to know that when young I was a dominoes prodigy, so I pretended incompetence. 59 00:07:36,780 --> 00:07:40,060 CHORUS OF "NO, NO !" 60 00:07:46,620 --> 00:07:49,460 He wins? Yes. 61 00:07:50,820 --> 00:07:53,460 Let's play again. 62 00:07:54,100 --> 00:08:00,140 When all the bets were in, I started playing up to my real form. 63 00:08:00,140 --> 00:08:03,100 It was cruel dominoes, 64 00:08:03,100 --> 00:08:07,700 ruthless dominoes, but true dominoes. 65 00:08:07,700 --> 00:08:12,700 They had seen Omar Sharif play bridge like this. 66 00:08:12,700 --> 00:08:20,100 But they had never seen anyone play dominoes like this. They had to admit they'd met their master. 67 00:08:20,100 --> 00:08:28,620 And I had to admit I was meeting a warm welcome. Where was Islam's disdain for the west? Not in Cairo. 68 00:08:41,620 --> 00:08:47,900 A whole day had gone by with no bombs going off. Not even a cross word. 69 00:08:47,900 --> 00:08:52,380 The only thing that stunned me was the charm of the people. 70 00:08:52,380 --> 00:08:57,380 A new day, and once more Cairo's pre-market economy engulfed me. 71 00:08:57,380 --> 00:09:02,460 I was beginning to understand the principle on which it worked. 72 00:09:02,460 --> 00:09:09,740 A lot of people with not very much money sold not very valuable goods to each other, some edible, 73 00:09:09,740 --> 00:09:16,980 thereby sustaining life so that the whole process could begin again with undiminished verve. 74 00:09:16,980 --> 00:09:21,380 Every imaginable living creature is for sale. 75 00:09:25,700 --> 00:09:30,620 So is every imaginable part of every living creature. 76 00:09:30,620 --> 00:09:34,460 One living creature used to be the calf, 77 00:09:34,460 --> 00:09:39,100 whose chances of growing up to be a cow are rendered slim 78 00:09:39,100 --> 00:09:45,420 because Arab bridegrooms believe that calves' knees are a sure-fire aphrodisiac. 79 00:09:45,420 --> 00:09:50,060 Arab men place a lot of emphasis on their personal appeal. 80 00:09:50,060 --> 00:09:54,860 Every block has a barber who offers the full treatment. 81 00:09:54,860 --> 00:09:59,660 I could see one wielding a cut-throat razor, so I hesitated. 82 00:09:59,660 --> 00:10:04,500 But only the brave deserve the beautiful. 83 00:10:08,660 --> 00:10:15,700 The process starts with a shave calculated to leave the cheeks smooth for high-speed camel riding. 84 00:10:15,700 --> 00:10:22,580 But I had been promised that the treatment would climax with something uniquely Cairene: 85 00:10:22,580 --> 00:10:26,780 a special technique to tone the skin. 86 00:10:26,780 --> 00:10:32,060 I couldn't see anything unique about the baby oil. 87 00:10:32,060 --> 00:10:37,140 I couldn't see anything unique about the talcum powder. 88 00:10:40,380 --> 00:10:43,700 But the next bit really was unique. 89 00:10:48,780 --> 00:10:53,340 At first, I couldn't see why he had to floss his teeth. 90 00:10:53,340 --> 00:10:58,260 Then I found out that he was going to floss my face. 91 00:10:58,260 --> 00:11:02,020 It wasn't as painful as it looked. 92 00:11:02,020 --> 00:11:07,260 It was MORE painful. But I had to admit, it left my skin tingling, 93 00:11:07,260 --> 00:11:15,340 although 20 lashes with a stock-whip would have done the same. 94 00:11:24,340 --> 00:11:29,420 I thanked him by trying to say "That feels very good" in Arabic. 95 00:11:29,420 --> 00:11:36,460 Unfortunately, I had learned the phrase for "I find you very attractive". 96 00:11:38,180 --> 00:11:42,500 I felt refreshed and ready for a new challenge. 97 00:11:42,500 --> 00:11:50,900 So I melted into the desert after adopting a new identity - Indiana James. 98 00:11:52,980 --> 00:11:56,100 There was a sand-storm on the way, 99 00:11:56,100 --> 00:12:01,180 so I headed for shelter in one of the large pointed buildings nearby. 100 00:12:01,180 --> 00:12:05,780 We archaeologists call it the Great Pyramid. 101 00:12:05,780 --> 00:12:11,220 The pyramid presents us with an insoluble mystery. 102 00:12:11,220 --> 00:12:16,380 So we always come back to probe its secrets. 103 00:12:16,820 --> 00:12:24,660 Some say the pyramid is a navigational instrument left behind by Martian spacemen. 104 00:12:24,660 --> 00:12:27,900 Others say it's the work of a team 105 00:12:27,900 --> 00:12:36,660 of ancient architects too dumb to invent a roof. But this much is certain: it's dangerous in there. 106 00:12:36,660 --> 00:12:41,340 The passageways are worn smooth by thousands of TV crews. 107 00:12:41,340 --> 00:12:46,180 A less experienced explorer might slip, fracture a hip, 108 00:12:46,180 --> 00:12:52,300 and not be found until five minutes later by a vacation group from Minnesota. 109 00:12:52,300 --> 00:12:58,580 And I was going in further than tourists from America, Britain, Australia, France, 110 00:12:58,580 --> 00:13:01,860 Germany, and the back of Brazil. 111 00:13:05,340 --> 00:13:10,060 I was going to where the Japanese tourists were. 112 00:13:16,580 --> 00:13:24,820 Beyond the danger of being crushed by tourists there was the further danger of being driven mad 113 00:13:24,820 --> 00:13:31,700 by the puzzle that haunts all adventurers in the pyramid's miles of passageways. 114 00:13:31,700 --> 00:13:39,740 There are no rolling boulders, suddenly descending portcullises, or poisoned spikes to perforate you. 115 00:13:39,740 --> 00:13:42,820 There's just nothing in there. 116 00:13:42,820 --> 00:13:49,260 The whole place has been picked clean by two millennia of tomb robbers. 117 00:13:55,100 --> 00:14:03,340 Along a secret passage last used by a 3-coach party from Thailand the previous Saturday, 118 00:14:03,340 --> 00:14:11,300 I wormed through into the chamber devoted to the embalmed corpse of the designer of the security system. 119 00:14:11,300 --> 00:14:19,020 He had installed every protective device including air-conditioning and indirect lighting. 120 00:14:19,020 --> 00:14:27,020 But still no answer to the eternal question: why, if they were hiding their bodies from thieves, 121 00:14:27,020 --> 00:14:32,300 did the Pharaohs erect a whacking great building 122 00:14:32,300 --> 00:14:37,300 to tell everyone in 1,000 square miles where they were buried? 123 00:14:37,300 --> 00:14:42,380 Why not stick up a neon sign saying, "Secretly buried here"? 124 00:14:42,380 --> 00:14:47,420 When I got outside, the sand-storm had come up, blotting all vision, 125 00:14:47,420 --> 00:14:51,700 but I had an old Arab method of finding my path. 126 00:14:51,700 --> 00:14:56,940 "Which way is Cairo? Is it that way? That way?" 127 00:14:56,940 --> 00:15:00,940 Yes, ask an old Arab. 128 00:15:13,220 --> 00:15:17,780 Back in town, the sand-storm had moved on. 129 00:15:17,780 --> 00:15:24,780 Endless opportunities beckoned to buy an exotic gift for that special person at home. 130 00:15:24,780 --> 00:15:31,740 I was heading for a famous shop that a strict interpretation of Islamic law might frown on, 131 00:15:31,740 --> 00:15:39,220 dealing in essences whose secrets were old when slave-girl chorus lines danced for the first Pharaoh. 132 00:15:39,220 --> 00:15:44,300 Or so the perfume man said, and he could say anything. 133 00:15:46,180 --> 00:15:54,500 I will give you explanation about how we make the essence. It will be interesting for you to know. 134 00:15:54,500 --> 00:15:59,540 After that, you can smell whatever you like, and any quantity you want. 135 00:15:59,540 --> 00:16:03,660 He spoke English with stunning eloquence. 136 00:16:03,660 --> 00:16:10,900 His stratagem was to list all the western perfumes his perfumes could outperform. 137 00:16:10,900 --> 00:16:20,180 Sophia Loren, Sauvage, Chanel 5, Chanel 19, Drakkar, Cartier, Azzarro, Lacoste, Vichy, Paco Rabanne, 138 00:16:20,180 --> 00:16:28,260 Christian Dior... I was already battered into submission, but he must have detected resistance. 139 00:16:28,260 --> 00:16:35,460 Estee Lauder, Cacharel, Anais Anais, Givenchy, Ysatis, Samsara, 140 00:16:35,460 --> 00:16:43,300 Eternity, Paloma Picasso, Salvador Dali... Now that he had softened me up, he moved in for the hard sell. 141 00:16:43,300 --> 00:16:49,740 Now, you'd like to smell something French or something Egyptian? Egyptian, I think. 142 00:16:49,740 --> 00:16:57,300 I'll let you try the best for man, called King Tutankamun. He used this kind. Forbidden to find it outside. 143 00:16:59,020 --> 00:17:03,780 Give me your hand. This hand? No, the other one. A delicate touch, 144 00:17:03,780 --> 00:17:07,220 and rub. Try it and smell it. 145 00:17:09,220 --> 00:17:16,060 He actually used this? Mm-hm. How could they tell he actually used this? 146 00:17:16,060 --> 00:17:21,100 How do you know Tutankamun used this? From the story, you know. 147 00:17:21,100 --> 00:17:27,180 And also from the history. Uh-huh? You must read history very well. 148 00:17:27,180 --> 00:17:33,940 I'll let you try also something that's too famous in Egypt, for lady, called Queen Cleopatra. 149 00:17:33,940 --> 00:17:38,020 Queen Cleopatra was using this kind. 150 00:17:38,020 --> 00:17:42,900 This is Cleopatra's perfume? Yes, that's right. 151 00:17:44,660 --> 00:17:50,900 She had this on when she met Richard Burton, right? Yes. Which kind you like? 152 00:17:50,900 --> 00:17:59,340 I think maybe the Cleopatra, a little bottle of Cleopatra. I'll let you see the small size. 153 00:17:59,340 --> 00:18:01,820 That size. 154 00:18:01,820 --> 00:18:06,220 That's not too small ! How much does that cost? 155 00:18:06,220 --> 00:18:14,420 Could be a thousand pounds. 1,000 pounds ?! Yes, it's a pure essence. You could mix it with others. 156 00:18:14,420 --> 00:18:17,980 1,000 pounds is a lot of money. 157 00:18:17,980 --> 00:18:22,740 Just a little one. Haven't you got a special little one? 158 00:18:22,740 --> 00:18:29,980 All right. For that, I'll let you see the student size. It's called teeny-weeny. 159 00:18:29,980 --> 00:18:32,780 Teeny-weeny? Yeah. 160 00:18:34,500 --> 00:18:37,780 That size. This is the student size. 161 00:18:37,780 --> 00:18:45,020 Ah! You be student again. That's more like it. How much is one of those? Could be 100 Egyptian pounds. 162 00:18:45,500 --> 00:18:51,620 It's still a lot, but yeah, yeah. Can I have one of those full of Cleopatra? Cleopatra. 163 00:18:51,620 --> 00:18:59,180 Actually, 100 Egyptian pounds is only about £20 sterling, and you get a lot of Cleopatra for it, 164 00:18:59,180 --> 00:19:06,860 probably a lifetime's supply, because the stuff lingers like concentrated orange juice. 165 00:19:06,860 --> 00:19:12,940 It was kind of a pity to see such a gifted flim-flam man wasting his eloquence. 166 00:19:12,940 --> 00:19:21,060 He could have made it as a disc jockey, if his English had been worse. Any something else? 167 00:19:21,060 --> 00:19:26,020 Uh...that's enough, it's all the money I've got. 168 00:19:26,020 --> 00:19:31,180 Good luck for 1,000 years. Good luck for 1,000 years! 169 00:19:33,860 --> 00:19:39,060 In the old days, English was the language of government, 170 00:19:39,060 --> 00:19:44,340 the British ruled, King Farouk pretended to rule, 171 00:19:44,340 --> 00:19:49,300 and these Art Deco buildings were the town houses of a smart set. 172 00:19:49,300 --> 00:19:57,100 Now they have little to boast on the outside, except a couple of government-supplied armed guards 173 00:19:57,100 --> 00:20:04,700 without whom no private residence is complete. Among the people they protect from the encroaching dust 174 00:20:04,700 --> 00:20:11,140 is one of the last shining lights of the beau monde that was, Victor Samaika. 175 00:20:11,140 --> 00:20:16,220 While his Nubian servant waited to dart forward with a Gin Sling, 176 00:20:16,220 --> 00:20:19,380 I asked what Cairo used to be like. 177 00:20:19,380 --> 00:20:23,860 It was gay, it was elegant. Very elegant. 178 00:20:23,860 --> 00:20:26,500 There was a royal family. 179 00:20:26,500 --> 00:20:28,140 And... 180 00:20:29,540 --> 00:20:35,620 A class of people who lived graciously, and who had lovely homes. 181 00:20:35,620 --> 00:20:41,060 And there was the fishing fleet, you know what that was? No, tell me. 182 00:20:41,060 --> 00:20:47,100 The young debutantes that came in winter to catch a husband. It was heaven! 183 00:20:47,100 --> 00:20:52,300 Where did they do their fishing? Mostly at the Gezira Sporting Club. 184 00:20:52,300 --> 00:20:57,620 Oh? It was, without exaggeration, the most beautiful club in the world. 185 00:20:57,620 --> 00:21:05,500 You had three polo grounds, two playing in the afternoon, 16 chukkas on every ground, 3 times a week. 186 00:21:05,500 --> 00:21:12,340 No such thing as "weather permitting", because it was always lovely weather. 187 00:21:12,340 --> 00:21:15,980 And then all the other games as well. 188 00:21:15,980 --> 00:21:22,820 But you could go and spend the whole day, have lunch, have dinner. Lovely changing rooms. 189 00:21:24,140 --> 00:21:28,700 Pool... It was... Everything you needed. 190 00:21:28,700 --> 00:21:33,940 Bits of the genteel world that Victor once adorned are still there, 191 00:21:33,940 --> 00:21:38,620 although nowadays you take the rough with the smooth. 192 00:21:38,620 --> 00:21:43,860 The Gezira Club's race track still exists, but now anyone can get in, 193 00:21:43,860 --> 00:21:49,220 even the Egyptians who were once lucky to clean up after the horses. 194 00:21:49,220 --> 00:21:54,220 The refined European ladies are gone, probably never to be replaced. 195 00:21:54,220 --> 00:21:59,580 Among the men, there are no diamond tie-pins because there are no ties. 196 00:21:59,580 --> 00:22:06,820 But a horse is still a horse, with something a camel hasn't got - big money-making potential. 197 00:22:06,820 --> 00:22:12,340 The Cairenes back the gee-gees with almost fundamentalist fervour. 198 00:22:17,980 --> 00:22:25,860 I was a bit confused at the betting stand because all the horses' names were in Arabic, 199 00:22:25,860 --> 00:22:31,220 and there was an accumulator system in a version of ancient Egyptian. 200 00:22:31,220 --> 00:22:39,500 I stuck on a bundle at random without being quite certain whether I was backing a horse or buying it. 201 00:22:39,500 --> 00:22:46,220 A man who seemed to be a student of form was interested in what I'd just done. 202 00:22:51,580 --> 00:22:56,580 Up in the stand, he started explaining it to me. 203 00:22:56,580 --> 00:23:03,500 I had bet my roll on the same horse he had gone for himself. It was a sure-fire winner, 204 00:23:03,500 --> 00:23:10,740 and in return for a percentage, he would show me how to bet my enormous winnings on further horses 205 00:23:10,740 --> 00:23:15,620 so that the final total would exceed the national debt. 206 00:23:15,620 --> 00:23:20,780 A third man eavesdropped surreptitiously. 207 00:23:20,780 --> 00:23:27,820 Going backward? They're all going backward. Yeah, right. So what are these? 208 00:23:28,460 --> 00:23:34,380 Dream. Dream? Yes, Dream. Dream. Dream. I like the sound of that. 209 00:23:34,380 --> 00:23:41,220 The third man was hitching a free ride, but I held no grudge. There would be plenty for everybody. 210 00:23:41,220 --> 00:23:46,820 Before long I'd be joining the high-rollers in their private boxes. 211 00:24:07,980 --> 00:24:11,860 SHOUTING HORSE'S NAME 212 00:24:23,300 --> 00:24:30,780 It won! It did! My horse had come in, and I was about to be buried under a pyramid of piastres. 213 00:24:30,780 --> 00:24:35,940 There was nothing left to do except saunter down and collect the take. 214 00:24:41,580 --> 00:24:47,100 I feared they wouldn't let me bet the whole fortune on the next race, 215 00:24:47,100 --> 00:24:53,140 but I could pay off my camel's fuel bills and take the rest to the bank in a van. 216 00:24:53,140 --> 00:24:56,220 He's counting it out in huge heaps. 217 00:25:07,380 --> 00:25:10,580 Is that it? Is that it? 218 00:25:10,580 --> 00:25:15,900 Is that it? Yes. That's it. COUNTS IN ARABIC 219 00:25:15,900 --> 00:25:18,340 That's OK. 220 00:25:22,740 --> 00:25:26,780 MUEZZIN CALLS TO PRAYER 221 00:25:26,780 --> 00:25:32,900 Next morning, after a long night of camel training, I woke late and hungry. 222 00:25:32,900 --> 00:25:38,020 Luckily, back-street Cairo is well equipped to provide breakfast. 223 00:25:38,020 --> 00:25:44,580 I passed a man who looked as if he was trying to attract my attention. 224 00:25:44,580 --> 00:25:52,180 He was engaged in the manufacture of Cairo's favourite fast food which is called futir. 225 00:25:52,180 --> 00:26:00,980 Before the fully qualified futir manufacturer can get the thing looking like a parachute, 226 00:26:00,980 --> 00:26:08,940 he must first conquer fear. A man frightened when forming a futir ends up wrapped like a mummy. 227 00:26:10,060 --> 00:26:16,540 Can I have one? One? One. Wahed. One. 228 00:26:16,540 --> 00:26:24,660 The price of the ingredients eats the profits at the same rate as the consumer eats the product. 229 00:26:24,660 --> 00:26:32,780 As with almost the whole Egyptian economy except tourism, there's hardly anything to put in the bank. 230 00:26:39,820 --> 00:26:46,300 It was just oiled pastry dusted with sugar, but it had a flavour hard to define, 231 00:26:46,300 --> 00:26:51,420 a sort of oily, dusty, sugary, pastry sort of quality. 232 00:26:51,420 --> 00:26:58,020 Long after I had finished it, I could still taste it, so I suppose it was value for money. 233 00:27:01,340 --> 00:27:06,740 In Cairo, a little foreign cash can get you a long way. 234 00:27:06,740 --> 00:27:12,660 Amidst the faded glories of the railway station I caught the train for Ismailia, 235 00:27:12,660 --> 00:27:16,860 where Omar Sharif had gone to escape the heat. 236 00:27:16,860 --> 00:27:21,980 Like the Art Deco buildings, the race track, even the pyramids, 237 00:27:21,980 --> 00:27:30,020 the station is an eloquent leftover from before Nasser's revolution. Most trains show signs of wear, 238 00:27:30,020 --> 00:27:37,300 but they still run fast enough so that you have to run after them if you're late. 239 00:27:40,580 --> 00:27:46,660 Once everybody is on the train, it goes only slightly quicker than a camel, 240 00:27:46,660 --> 00:27:52,140 but at least you don't have to hustle. 241 00:27:52,140 --> 00:27:58,700 The Cairenes enjoy their leisure, and Ismailia is a favourite resort area. 242 00:27:58,700 --> 00:28:06,140 It's Cairo's equivalent of Brighton or Bondi or Coney Island, but it's not bathed by ocean breakers, 243 00:28:06,140 --> 00:28:11,620 it's lulled by the less glamorous waters of the Suez Canal. 244 00:28:11,620 --> 00:28:18,300 When I first came through the canal on my way from Australia to Britain more than 30 years ago, 245 00:28:18,300 --> 00:28:23,060 they'd only just cleared the mines and wrecked ships 246 00:28:23,060 --> 00:28:30,140 left after Britain and France, who had both run Egypt before, teamed up to run it again, 247 00:28:30,140 --> 00:28:37,300 on the patronising assumption that the Egyptians could never operate the canal by themselves. 248 00:28:37,300 --> 00:28:43,060 Now confident young Egyptians are in possession of the beach club 249 00:28:43,060 --> 00:28:50,500 and only their parents can remember when the Israelis were camped on the other bank. 250 00:28:59,380 --> 00:29:03,500 But we westerners have still got the know-how. 251 00:29:03,500 --> 00:29:09,140 It takes a long tradition of sailing the world's oceans 252 00:29:09,140 --> 00:29:14,380 to have the sixth sense that men call seamanship. 253 00:29:15,620 --> 00:29:18,660 SHIP'S HOOTER 254 00:29:34,660 --> 00:29:39,660 Lucky I had training, or I'd have been heading for the Persian Gulf, 255 00:29:39,660 --> 00:29:45,460 where a strange westerner clinging to a tanker's bows might be jailed. 256 00:29:45,460 --> 00:29:54,620 Back in Cairo, the strange westerner faces no such threat. Egyptian Islam welcomes the infidel. 257 00:29:54,620 --> 00:30:02,540 Some of the mosques are architectural masterpieces, miracles of spacious poise. 258 00:30:18,020 --> 00:30:25,460 The carpets are threadbare and the colours on the walls have been eaten pale by the dust, 259 00:30:25,460 --> 00:30:28,540 but that only adds to the beauty, 260 00:30:28,540 --> 00:30:34,740 making the buildings feel like giant bubbles blown from biscuit mixture. 261 00:30:34,740 --> 00:30:42,700 No Christian cathedral feels so uncluttered, and no oriental shrine gives such a sense of shelter. 262 00:30:46,980 --> 00:30:52,100 Unfortunately, the stairs to the minarets are a killer. 263 00:30:52,100 --> 00:30:57,100 Once, a man used to climb up and call the faithful to prayer. 264 00:30:57,100 --> 00:31:03,780 Now it's through a loudspeaker, and only foreign tourists go up in search of a vision. 265 00:31:03,780 --> 00:31:09,380 I had my first vision halfway up, a vision of myself on life-support. 266 00:31:09,380 --> 00:31:14,580 But when I arrived wheezing at the top, there really was a vision. 267 00:31:16,540 --> 00:31:19,580 It was Cairo. 268 00:31:19,580 --> 00:31:22,860 MUEZZIN CALLS 269 00:31:22,860 --> 00:31:25,940 From that Allah-like altitude, 270 00:31:25,940 --> 00:31:32,740 you can see the origins of the city's strange air of eternity and evaporation. 271 00:31:32,740 --> 00:31:37,820 It's because the concrete and the dust are made from the same stuff, 272 00:31:37,820 --> 00:31:43,700 so eventually the dust has to win, because there's more of it. 273 00:31:43,700 --> 00:31:50,580 But the dust will always be there and so will Islam. The only question is, which version. 274 00:31:50,580 --> 00:31:53,860 So far, Cairo has the mild version. 275 00:31:56,180 --> 00:32:02,100 SINGING A PRAYER 276 00:32:02,100 --> 00:32:07,460 The men pray at required times but won't preach at you if you don't. 277 00:32:07,460 --> 00:32:11,460 Christianity used to be less tolerant. 278 00:32:11,460 --> 00:32:17,660 Despite the fundamentalists' efforts to make invisibility compulsory, 279 00:32:17,660 --> 00:32:23,420 women still have a choice about whether or not to wear the veil. Some women don't. 280 00:32:23,420 --> 00:32:26,140 Some women do. 281 00:32:27,500 --> 00:32:30,620 And some women really do! 282 00:32:32,780 --> 00:32:38,060 In the 1960s in London, freedom from convention was my religion. 283 00:32:38,060 --> 00:32:42,820 Now London is a city where a woman can't walk home alone. 284 00:32:42,820 --> 00:32:49,860 Cairo's women are safe. Does that make them less free? What kind of cover-up is the veil ? 285 00:32:49,860 --> 00:32:56,060 I asked a teacher of English at the American University in Cairo, Sanaa Maklouf. 286 00:32:56,060 --> 00:33:03,460 I think the root of it in Islam is to cover what is very attractive in a woman's body. 287 00:33:03,460 --> 00:33:09,220 And I think it has to be done in a whole community, a whole society. 288 00:33:09,220 --> 00:33:14,700 Because when it's done, when women follow this system, 289 00:33:14,700 --> 00:33:22,580 without any implications that women are dependent and repressed and so on, just their appearance, 290 00:33:22,580 --> 00:33:31,820 the society may become a healthier society in terms of less crime, less violence, less women abuse. 291 00:33:31,820 --> 00:33:37,660 Doesn't wearing the veil imply submission, lessen women's independence? 292 00:33:37,660 --> 00:33:41,700 When you live here, you see how we live, you see that wearing the veil 293 00:33:41,700 --> 00:33:46,860 has nothing to do with our individuality and our independence. 294 00:33:46,860 --> 00:33:49,620 I remember my mother in the 60s. 295 00:33:49,620 --> 00:33:57,340 It was short skirts, sleeveless dresses - not my mother necessarily, but our older generation - 296 00:33:57,340 --> 00:34:05,020 but they were more conservative in many ways. Socially they were. Lots of them were not working. 297 00:34:05,020 --> 00:34:08,580 They didn't drive or have jobs. 298 00:34:08,580 --> 00:34:13,980 I am veiled, I'm a university professor in an American university, 299 00:34:13,980 --> 00:34:21,340 There's no problem whatsoever. I socialise, I go out with anyone, friends, family... 300 00:34:21,340 --> 00:34:30,260 There's no control whatsoever, no relationship between being veiled and being dependent. 301 00:34:30,260 --> 00:34:35,420 Will you be able to travel abroad without your husband's permission? 302 00:34:35,420 --> 00:34:43,780 Well, according to Islamic law, a woman, a wife, should not travel without her husband's approval. 303 00:34:43,780 --> 00:34:49,860 Er, but...I'm married to a very broadminded husband who's a good Muslim. 304 00:34:49,860 --> 00:34:54,580 He would give me approval, and I would travel, and I have done it. 305 00:34:54,580 --> 00:35:03,140 But within the wide limits set by the Koran, Cairo still has a soft spot for western ways. 306 00:35:03,140 --> 00:35:08,100 The rich keep their money in the west, bringing only enough home 307 00:35:08,100 --> 00:35:13,340 to pay for the odd modest little shindig behind closed doors. 308 00:35:13,340 --> 00:35:18,220 Tipped off that Omar Sharif would be among the revellers, 309 00:35:18,220 --> 00:35:23,220 I gatecrashed a high society wedding. 310 00:35:23,900 --> 00:35:30,780 The bride's dress was ordered directly from the catwalk of a Paris couture collection. 311 00:35:36,540 --> 00:35:39,940 WOMEN ULULATING 312 00:35:39,940 --> 00:35:45,340 If the bridegroom had eaten calves' knees, he was discreet about it. 313 00:35:50,180 --> 00:35:55,660 The formidable mothers of the betrothed do the organising. 314 00:35:55,660 --> 00:36:02,820 Lost somewhere in the background, all the fathers do is fork out from their Swiss bank accounts. 315 00:36:02,820 --> 00:36:05,460 The bill is colossal. 316 00:36:10,180 --> 00:36:14,660 PIERCING TRUMPET TUNE 317 00:36:22,180 --> 00:36:26,740 The whole deal is like a multi-media production. 318 00:36:26,740 --> 00:36:31,740 There's a video unit present to create an instant TV programme 319 00:36:31,740 --> 00:36:36,540 transmitted to the revellers on giant screens. 320 00:36:40,020 --> 00:36:43,460 ULULATING 321 00:36:49,020 --> 00:36:55,580 The revellers generate their high spirits unaided by alcohol, at any rate in theory. 322 00:36:55,580 --> 00:37:01,380 Some of the boys seemed to be doing very well on iced tea (!) 323 00:37:02,900 --> 00:37:09,740 Fifi Abdou is the belly dancer for A-list weddings. Her overheads are immense. 324 00:37:09,740 --> 00:37:14,980 Her back-up band costs a fortune to hire. 325 00:37:21,820 --> 00:37:29,860 For most of her routines, Fifi was diaphanously clad, but would allow filming only when wearing her shirt, 326 00:37:29,860 --> 00:37:37,700 just in case western male audiences were driven mad with desire and bit pieces out of the TV set. 327 00:37:51,580 --> 00:37:58,580 Then another orchestra took over while a major production number raised the question 328 00:37:58,580 --> 00:38:03,540 of whether the challenge of Islam to the west was really as serious 329 00:38:03,540 --> 00:38:08,820 as the challenge of the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical to the east. 330 00:38:17,180 --> 00:38:25,740 If the marriage lasted as long as the wedding, those two would be all right. But I was short of time. 331 00:38:32,180 --> 00:38:40,460 On my last day in town, I plunged once again into the bazaar where the word was already out 332 00:38:40,460 --> 00:38:48,180 that the westerner who had been training at midnight on a mad camel might be in search of a galabiyah, 333 00:38:48,180 --> 00:38:52,180 the Arab one-piece nightshirt for day wear. 334 00:38:52,180 --> 00:39:00,180 Aware that I knew how to bargain, two renowned galabiyah salesmen coaxed me to their boutique. 335 00:39:01,500 --> 00:39:04,700 No? I'll go in here. 336 00:39:04,700 --> 00:39:08,980 Something you've never seen before. Oh, right. 337 00:39:08,980 --> 00:39:16,300 This is my brother. Hi. Hi. What's your name? My name's Clive. Nice to meet you. Abdu, and Sama. 338 00:39:16,300 --> 00:39:23,820 Something extra large. I have. For you or somebody else? For me. OK. My brother show you. Dress? 339 00:39:23,820 --> 00:39:30,380 With sleeves. Sleeves? Long arm? But now it's summer, we have short sleeves. 340 00:39:30,380 --> 00:39:35,140 Where I'm going I need it with long arms. Right. 341 00:39:35,140 --> 00:39:42,980 That's it? Something like this? Plain design, long arms. Extra large. Elephant size. 342 00:39:42,980 --> 00:39:49,460 That isn't the way I'd have put it myself, but that's extra large? OK. Looks great. 343 00:39:49,460 --> 00:39:54,660 How much is that? I'll give it to you 200 Egyptian pounds. 344 00:39:54,660 --> 00:40:02,220 I've been here a while now, I've learnt a bit about bargaining. I'd say...30 ? Oh, my goodness! 345 00:40:02,220 --> 00:40:08,100 You want to break my heart, my neck, my legs? 200 is too much. 346 00:40:08,100 --> 00:40:15,380 I'll give it to you little bit discount, but not this price. How much? 160 Egyptian pounds. 347 00:40:15,380 --> 00:40:18,700 Leave out the 100, say 60. 60. 348 00:40:18,700 --> 00:40:26,900 Huh? Uh...I lose my brother! Can my brother give it to you more discount. How much you say? 349 00:40:26,900 --> 00:40:35,380 I say 160 Egyptian pounds. How much you want? 60. English pounds, US dollars? No, Egyptian pounds. 350 00:40:35,380 --> 00:40:42,220 We lose if we give it for this price. But I want to help you. Not 160 and not 60. OK ? 351 00:40:42,220 --> 00:40:47,340 What about 145 ? What about... what about 90 ? What about 143 ? 352 00:40:47,340 --> 00:40:52,100 What about...91 ? Oh...! 140, OK ? 100. 353 00:40:52,100 --> 00:40:56,540 135. 100. I'm sorry. 100...110. 354 00:40:57,180 --> 00:41:01,020 130. 130 ? Yes. 125. 355 00:41:01,020 --> 00:41:05,500 Good luck! Make a deal. Deal ? All right, my friend. 356 00:41:05,500 --> 00:41:08,700 Well, I've learned to hold my own. 357 00:41:08,700 --> 00:41:13,420 I had beaten them up to less than five times my starting price! 358 00:41:13,420 --> 00:41:19,820 Later I heard that they sold their business that same week and went into retirement. 359 00:41:19,820 --> 00:41:27,100 Thanks, fellas. See you! Goodbye. Have a nice time. You're welcome. Goodbye, my friend. 360 00:41:27,100 --> 00:41:33,300 Having stashed my galabiyah at the camel garage, I headed for my last appointment. 361 00:41:33,300 --> 00:41:41,220 Omar Sharif's agent had told me that this time he would definitely be there 362 00:41:41,220 --> 00:41:49,060 at his favourite secret restaurant beside the Nile, best reachable by ferry. He said not to tell anyone. 363 00:41:49,060 --> 00:41:54,260 It looked as if there was no-one left to tell. 364 00:41:57,900 --> 00:42:02,300 LOUD POP MUSIC 365 00:42:02,300 --> 00:42:10,660 Once on board, the Cairenes were soon drumming up their usual good time out of next to nothing. 366 00:42:13,140 --> 00:42:19,300 They did it with a surplus of enthusiasm and a total absence of violence. 367 00:42:19,300 --> 00:42:27,460 A group of young British football supporters would have reduced the boat to matchwood in minutes. 368 00:42:36,300 --> 00:42:43,940 But all the Cairenes did was to spontaneously combine in a belly-dancing competition. 369 00:42:43,940 --> 00:42:48,900 Some of the best young male belly dancers vibrated with an abandon 370 00:42:48,900 --> 00:42:54,020 that left Fifi Abdou looking low on batteries. 371 00:43:01,740 --> 00:43:06,620 But the word must have got out that the infidel happened to be 372 00:43:06,620 --> 00:43:14,140 one of the great belly dancers of the western world. I was reluctant to humiliate them. 373 00:43:14,140 --> 00:43:19,220 But belly dancing is one of those talents it's death to hide. 374 00:43:19,220 --> 00:43:24,740 Hiding it becomes impossible, so you might as well flaunt it. 375 00:43:45,780 --> 00:43:53,460 One man who never needed to flaunt it, but has certainly got it, was the man I'd tried to pin down - 376 00:43:53,460 --> 00:43:58,300 film star, bridge player, the most famous Egyptian since Tutankamun, 377 00:43:58,300 --> 00:44:03,140 the Nemesis from the Oasis himself, Omar Sharif. 378 00:44:03,140 --> 00:44:11,460 Does the man in the street envy you your international life? No. You know, they identify with me. 379 00:44:11,460 --> 00:44:18,860 In other words, all these leading ladies I've held in my arms, THEY held in their arms. 380 00:44:18,860 --> 00:44:26,060 They... On screen, I'm saying! They feel very proud, as if it happened to them. 381 00:44:26,060 --> 00:44:32,300 Would a young person starting off now, to do what you've done, stand a chance? 382 00:44:32,300 --> 00:44:40,780 I think the young generation have a much harder time than we had, or the intermediate generation had. 383 00:44:40,780 --> 00:44:47,820 It's very tough to be a young person today. Some of those young people are really worrying, in a sense. 384 00:44:47,820 --> 00:44:56,500 Is that where fundamentalism is coming from, from frustration? Um...I don't believe that Egyptians 385 00:44:56,500 --> 00:45:04,300 are in danger of fundamentalism, really, because I know these people. I can't imagine them being... 386 00:45:04,300 --> 00:45:09,260 I think there are probably... I don't know, maybe 5,000 people. 387 00:45:09,260 --> 00:45:15,740 All this is about 5,000 people who are very poor - despair has something to do with it - 388 00:45:15,740 --> 00:45:23,100 and who are being paid to do that. This is not something from within the country, 389 00:45:23,100 --> 00:45:30,860 it's something that's happening from outside the country towards the inside, I'm pretty certain. 390 00:45:30,860 --> 00:45:35,940 You mean, the more extreme Arab states? Yes. Because Egypt is... 391 00:45:35,940 --> 00:45:43,300 If Egypt goes fundamentalist, that's the end of the Middle East. A big victory for fundamentalists. 392 00:45:43,300 --> 00:45:51,980 How about the increased number of women taking the veil, is that part of it? Well, it's economical also. 393 00:45:51,980 --> 00:45:59,900 I daren't pronounce myself on that. These are very treacherous grounds for me to tread but, you know, 394 00:45:59,900 --> 00:46:09,020 I find that in our business, the theatre business, a lot of actresses are starting to wear the veil. 395 00:46:09,020 --> 00:46:16,540 Except that they're usually... over 45, you know, they're getting a little bit fat, 396 00:46:16,540 --> 00:46:22,380 they're a little past their... let's say their star prime, 397 00:46:22,380 --> 00:46:27,180 and so it's a good time to start covering up all this. 398 00:46:27,180 --> 00:46:34,500 It's treacherous! Some people are really religious, also! You sound like a dominant Arab male. 399 00:46:34,500 --> 00:46:42,980 No! No, no, no, not at all ! You know that the Arab females are the strongest, 400 00:46:42,980 --> 00:46:50,060 and they are the ones who are most...have most influence of any women I met in the world. 401 00:46:50,060 --> 00:46:57,820 All the males, the Arab males, are completely dominated by their women, completely, I can assure you! 402 00:46:57,820 --> 00:47:04,420 They have a way of doing it in an underhand manner that people don't realise they are. 403 00:47:04,420 --> 00:47:09,580 They're very strong! I know. My wife was my boss when I was married. 404 00:47:09,580 --> 00:47:15,660 It gets to you, this place. Anything beautiful's got dust on it, but the dust is beautiful. 405 00:47:15,660 --> 00:47:23,940 It's wonderful, it's slow, it's a kind of life that... 406 00:47:24,140 --> 00:47:28,820 the kind of rhythm that is disappearing slowly, 407 00:47:28,820 --> 00:47:35,540 and you only find it in this part of the world. Even this river inspires you with slowness. 408 00:47:35,540 --> 00:47:42,900 It's not a fast river. It's slow. It's kind of eternal, and it makes you want to take your time. 409 00:47:42,900 --> 00:47:48,780 You sit for a long time before you do something active. I left Omar to be lynched 410 00:47:48,780 --> 00:47:56,020 by older Egyptian actresses. It was time to say my goodbyes to Cairo. 411 00:47:59,740 --> 00:48:06,620 In the City of the Dead, more than a million people live among the tombs. 412 00:48:06,620 --> 00:48:14,580 Most of the people in Egypt are in Cairo, and too many of the people in Cairo live in the cemetery. 413 00:48:14,580 --> 00:48:22,500 But in Rio de Janeiro they'd be living on garbage tips, in New York they'd be panhandling, 414 00:48:22,500 --> 00:48:27,580 in London and Tokyo they'd be sleeping in cardboard boxes. 415 00:48:27,580 --> 00:48:34,260 Few Cairenes believe fundamentalism knows how to make things better, so they take what comes. 416 00:48:34,260 --> 00:48:38,340 People have always lived among the tombs. 417 00:48:38,340 --> 00:48:46,860 Around here, 1,000 years is just the time it takes for the sand in an hour-glass to swap ends. 418 00:48:50,300 --> 00:48:57,620 Yes, there are moments when at least one jaded westerner longs for the purity of the desert. 419 00:48:57,620 --> 00:49:02,700 So he dons his flowing robes, springs to his ivory saddle, 420 00:49:02,700 --> 00:49:07,540 and speaks to his camel in a secret language, saying, 421 00:49:07,540 --> 00:49:14,180 "Take me to my destiny in the everlasting sands, for it is written." 422 00:49:14,180 --> 00:49:21,300 And the camel says, "I will take you to the airport, for it is getting late." 45789

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