All language subtitles for Luna.(1965).720p

MOON

Written and Directed by
P. KLUSHANTSEV

Scientific Advisors:
Academician N.P. BARABASHOV
Dr. Sc. (Phys.-Math.) A.V. MARKOV
Dr. Sc. (Phys.-Math.) V.V. SHARONOV
Cand. Sc. (Tech.) A.V. POVALYAEV

Director of Photography: A. KLIMOV
Production Designer: Yu. SHVETS

Composed Shots by
A. KLIMOV
A. ROMANENKO
Composed Arts by
E. MIRONOVA
Yu. SHVETS
Animation Director:
G. YERSHOV

Music by A. TCHERNOV
Recording Director: R. LEVITINA
Editor: I. ZYRINA

Associated Producer:
S. RABINOV

LENNAUCHFILM
1965

The Moon...

For thousands of years
its silver light has inspired poets.

Soothed the agitated.

Caressed the enamored.

But now the Moon is the first station
of man's upcoming crusade

to the planets of the solar system.

We already look at it with the eyes of
a climber, a geologist, an engineer.

EARTH

MOON

Here it is.
Our companion, small and old.

There's no atmosphere on it.
No water.

A dry, stony, naked sphere without
lustre, without haze, without clouds.

Through a telescope,
the image of the Moon is inverted.

Near the border of light and shade,
lunar surface topography is clearly visible.

The lunar relief is very peculiar.
Rings are everywhere.

Above all, there are circular
recesses with torn edges.

They're called craters. In the middle
of some a central peak stands.

Ring mountains with a plain
in the middle are called cirques.

This cirque is called Ptolemaeus,
one of the biggest.

The entire southern coast of
Crimea could fit on the bottom,

SEVASTOPOL

YALTA

ALUSHTA

from Sevastopol to Sudak.

This is how the Moon looks through a
telescope under 1000X magnification.

Due to atmospheric interference
this is the limit for now.

The visibility of the relief on the Moon
changes under different lighting.

Now the sun is high.
The relief is hardly seen.

But now the sun is
sinking to the horizon.

The roughness is more evident.

The height of lunar mountains are
determined by the length of shadows.

With oblique illumination, even knolls with
a half kilometer base are noticeable,

in the form of such a dot
with a long shadow.

Why is the surface
of the Moon so strange?

In some areas, everything is pitted for
hundreds or thousands of kilometers.

Mysterious plains extend in other areas.

Can one really sort out this chaos?
It's possible.

Observe carefully.

One can see, for example, that
lunar mountains are of different ages.

The crater Tycho is
in the middle of the frame.

It's a fresh formation. The edges of
the crater are well-defined and sharp.

But here is the ancient cirque Maginus.
It's edges are destroyed.

There are many younger
craters on them.

Look further.

There was a period in the history of the
Moon when fluid lava flooded the lowlands.

It later hardened. Plains formed.

Now they're conditionally called seas.

The lava sometimes filled separate
depressions, like the cirque Plato.

Here the lunar crust settled.

The mountains leaned, and
lava flooded them from one end.

The eras are traceable everywhere.
The cirque Fracastorius is prior to seas.

It existed before the outpouring of lava.

But the crater Ross is post seas.

It emerged on the surface of
an already hardened sea.

How did all of this happen?

A shared vision of this
doesn't exist in science.

According to one of the hypotheses,

lumps gradually coalesce out of crushed
grains of primordial cosmic dust.

They enlarge.

A planet is born.

Pressure grows in the depths
of the huge sphere.

The temperature rises.

The hot rocks don't melt.

Their molecules are so compressed
that they can't move.

On top, the seams jostle each other.
They shift.

Fractures emerge.
Pressure instantly drops.

The hot rocks become liquid.
Magma forms.

It's lighter, and makes its way to the surface
through cracks, melting, encountering solids.

Magma chambers form
below the crust of the planet.

One step remains to the surface.

What happens next?

What forces break the lunar crust

and release millions of cubic kilometers
of fiery liquid magma?

Internal forces or external forces?

We'll listen to supporters
of the external forces,

the supporters of the
meteorite hypothesis.

A study of the lunar surface
shows that magma poured out

only as a result of
the impacts of large meteorites.

It went something like this.

By destroying the crust,
a meteorite opened the magma chamber.

Sometimes it melted the surrounding solid

by splitting on impact from its abrupt halt.

In both cases,
lava could flood the crash site.

It later hardened.

A major depression
with a flat bottom was created.

This is how cirques, bays and
even whole seas arose on the Moon.

And each formation
was created with one impact.

Let's bring in supporters
of the volcanic hypothesis.

A study of the lunar surface shows that
magma has always poured out by itself

through internal volcanic forces.

It went something like this.

Lava broke through a crack.

On this spot, a volcano grew.

The magma chamber underneath it
depleted over time.

The dormant volcano gradually
settled piece by piece and fell in.

For millions of years,
an area of collapses formed

on the site of the former volcano -
a volcanic caldera.

Lava continued to
come out of the cracks.

It flooded the bottom of the caldera.

And a circular plain appeared
among the mountains.

This is how cirques arose on the Moon.

Bays.

And even whole seas.

At least the location of craters

in a chain along abyssal fractures,
like on Earth, favors this hypothesis.

Then again, light rays around many craters
favor the meteorite hypothesis.

These are sprays of crushed solids
blown apart on impact.

Sprays, but blown apart
in the explosion of volcanoes.

Their mouths were plugged
by hardened lava.

What about the experiment with powder?

Here's a powder lump
falling on a friable layer.

Typical lunar craters appear.
Even with a central peak.

The central peaks are extruded lava plugs.

An example is the terrestrial
volcano Mount Pelee.

The crater Hyginus.
A meteorite hit and split the lunar crust.

Vice versa. Magma gored
an opening through an old crack.

Vallis Alpes is a clear furrow
from a meteorite.

But the crater Wargentin is
filled to the brim with lava.

This speaks of enormous
pressure from the inside.

Meteorite craters exist on Earth.

METEORITE CRATER "CANYON DIABLO",
ARIZONA, USA

At least the one in Arizona,
with a diameter of 1,200 meters.

This is yesterday. Volcanism is
manifested on the Moon today.

Lava filled the mouth of the crater Linné.

Igneous gases have been noticed
in the crater Alphonsus.

Such disputes have been
dragging on for decades.

And man will discover the truth
only by personally reaching the Moon.

Only on the spot, by examining everything
and touching with his own hands.

But, before that, man will have
to set foot on the Moon.

After all, the Moon is another world.

It's good if the leg of the first cosmonaut
will feel solid rock underfoot.

But what if it plunges
into some kind of slough?

Or sinks in loose bottomless dust.

Or breaks a fragile shell and collapses.

The problem of lunar soil became
the number one problem

for astronomers who are busy
studying the Moon.

The scientists themselves will tell us
about their work in this field.

And so, lunar soil.

We're at the Kharkov observatory
of academician N.P. Barabashov.

The photometric method was the first
applied for the study of lunar soil.

Its principle will be explained to you
by our employee

who has worked a lot in this field,
Valentina Fedorets.

She has even prepared visual aids.

Yes. Here are three samples of surface.

They're all painted with the same paint.

Here the surface is smooth.
Here it's rough.

And here it's pitted
and porous like a sponge.

Now try to examine them like this,
under different lighting.

Please take it. Now the light
falls on them from behind you.

The samples seem the same by brightness.

Now turn. Light switches to the side.

The brightness of the samples
varies differently.

Then, by the nature of change in brightness
one can judge the nature of the surface.

That's the whole principle.

We're practically filming
the Moon at different phases.

Under different angles of lighting,

we then measure the
density of the negatives.

We look at how the brightness changes.

Based on this we judge the degree
of roughness of the lunar surface.

What does this mean?

It turns out that the lunar surface
behaves like this sample.

It's pitted.

How can one measure the size
of the roughness of lunar soil?

For this, different methods exist.

For example, radiolocating.

The meter radio waves sent by us
return only from the middle of the Moon,

as if the slopes of lunar plains
are mirror-smooth.

Well then, the roughness of lunar soil in
comparison to this radio wave is negligible.

Light rays that have a wavelength of less
than a micron behave quite differently.

They're perfectly reflected back to Earth
even from the edge of the lunar disc.

So, the roughness of lunar soil, in
comparison to the length of a light wave,

is large enough.

It turns out to be less than
a meter but more than a micron.

Apparently, the lunar surface is covered
by something like small gravel

from crushed volcanic rocks.

A cosmonaut won't stumble.

But he can fall in. What if
this gravel turns out to be fragile?

I think this unlikely.

American pictures, taken with the
help of Ranger 7, confirm my opinion.

But, nonetheless, you should talk to those
who measure temperatures on the Moon.

For example, with professor Aleksandr
Markov, at Pulkovo Observatory.

The measuring of temperatures on the lunar
surface was carried out by us at Pulkovo

and at other observatories.

Lately, interesting results
were obtained

at the Crimean Astrophysical
Observatory

by physicist Mikhail Markov
and astronomer Vera Khokhlova.

An image of the Moon

with a diameter of 25cm is obtained
in the focus of the telescope here.

The diaphragm cuts
a small patch out of it,

and altogether it matches 15
kilometers there, on the Moon.

Only a narrow beam of heat rays from
a given patch of the Moon passes

through the device.

Here, a beam splits,

is directed to two receivers,

is converted into electricity,
and is registered by recorders.

One receiver, a photoresistor,

perceives infrared rays with a
wavelength of only 3.5 microns.

The other, a bolometer,
only 10 microns.

In this way we get sort of two points -
curved rays and thermal radiation.

We calculate the temperature
by its incline.

It's interesting how we judge properties
by the temperatures of lunar soil.

We judge the properties of lunar soil
not by its temperature values,

but by the speed of their changes.

Here's the progress of these temperatures
during a total lunar eclipse.

CHANGES OF THE TEMPERATURE OF LUNAR
SURFACE DURING A LUNAR ECLIPSE

This is the moment of
the beginning of the eclipse.

Here, the Moon is
fully in Earth's shadow.

And the temperature of that same patch
of the Moon dropped by 200 degrees

in one hour.

It means the Moon warms
only at the surface.

Heat doesn't move deeply.

This indicates an extremely low
thermal conductivity of lunar soil.

Hence, only one conclusion is possible.

The surfaces of lunar mountains
and plains are very porous.

What can be the depth of
porous soil on the Moon?

Radio astronomers are trying to explore
the depth of porous lunar soil.

A lot has been done in this respect
by Professor Vsevolod Troitskiy

of the Gorky Institute of
Radio Physics.

The Moon, like any heated body, exudes
not only heat rays but also airwaves.

The heat rays come to us from the surface
layer and the airwaves from some depth.

Herewith the longer waves
come from greater depth.

One can judge the temperatures
in the thickness of lunar soil

by the intensity of radio waves.

Lunar radiation is received
by this radio telescope.

It's recorded.

But how do you translate these
recordings into temperature degrees?

For this, our artificial Moon stands there
on the mount - a big black disc.

Its temperature is
accurately known to us.

The radiation of the disc
has been recorded.

It's being lowered so that the radiation
of the clear sky can be recorded.

Later, the telescope is turned,

and the radiation of
the real Moon is recorded.

DISC

The recording looks like this.
This is the radiation of the disc.

ZERO

MOON

Of the sky. And of the real Moon.

By way of comparing the recordings

we calculate the temperatures
in the thickness of the lunar soil.

- What's been given by all of this?
- Much has been given.

It turns out that temperature
fluctuation is lowered with depth.

On the surface of the Moon,

the temperature changes
very much during a lunar month.

At the depth of 20cm it's less.

At the depth of 1.5m
it remains constant.

Moreover, if the maximum temperature on
the surface is reached during full moon,

this happens several
days later at depth.

All this suggests that lunar soil at its thickest
has very low thermal conductivity.

By chemical composition it's most
likely similar to normal terrestrial rocks.

However, by structure, lunar soil
is very different from them.

It's very porous at a depth
of at least several meters.

What sort of substance is this?

Professor Sharonov has been engaged
in this matter for many years

at the University of Leningrad.

Lunar soil is undoubtedly
not a thick layer of loose dust,

as some people assume.

Dust is friable, and, therefore, it
wouldn't have been able to hold out

on the steep slopes
of lunar mountains.

We tried to find some other natural
substance on the surface of the Earth,

similar in properties to lunar soil.

We searched for a substance
that is porous on the inside,

that is pitted on the surface, and
that has low thermal conductivity.

Scoriae came closest.

Here they are.

These are slag lumps, scattered
by a volcano, frozen in flight.

They are very porous, like pumice,

but, at the same time,
they're strong enough.

On the plains, the slag lumps
could have formed a layer

with the properties
of the lunar covering.

However, like dust,
they're a friable material,

and therefore, they also can't hold out
on the steep slopes of mountains.

Meanwhile, particles of lunar
covering indisputably welded together

with the rock on which they're lying.

In the search for the nature
of such a welded

and, at the same time,
slag shaped lunar covering,

a meteor-slag hypothesis
appeared at our observatory.

I hand you over to the
author of this hypothesis,

Professor Nadezhda Sytinskaya.

Lunar covering, on
different areas of the Moon,

varies by color,
although only a little.

Apparently, it formed out of
local strains everywhere,

under the influence of external factors,
which are common for the Moon.

Small meteorites are likely to blame.

Many of them hit the Moon
with such force that they explode.

A part of the evaporated substance
condenses and settles

near the explosion site.

A sintered, vesicular mass forms,
welded to the bedrock.

A layer of huge thickness could
have built up over billions of years,

completely covering
all the mountains and plains.

An interesting hypothesis. But the
thickness of the layer still isn't clear.

There is no data about its hardness.

You want astronomers to
answer everything at once?

They're working.
Reflectivity is being researched.

The lighting of lunar soil.
Its infrared radiation.

But now perhaps it's faster
to clarify all of this on the spot.

After all, cosmonautics
will allow us all of this soon.

Cosmonautics.

How beautiful this new
area of human activity is.

In 1957, the Soviet Union
launched the first satellite.

Already in 1958,
rocket launches to the Moon began.

In America, the rocket
Thor-Able is at the start.

In its head is a device that's supposed
to become a satellite of the Moon.

Thor-Able is leaving the Earth
and heading for the Moon.

But better luck next time.
The rocket falls in the ocean.

Blast-off again. The device Pioneer
has to fly in the vicinity of the Moon.

But the rocket was not strong enough.
Not the first. Not the second.

Not the third. It's far.

Oh, how far to the target.

The Soviet Union begins
the assault on the Moon.

In January of 1959,
Luna 1 is sent flying.

It passes by the Moon at a
distance of 1.5 of its diameter.

Brilliant for a first attempt.

Pioneer 4 races after it.

It reaches lunar orbit,
but away from the Moon itself.

A sea of fire is raging again.

In September of 1959, Luna 2 starts.

Thirty-six hours pass.

The first hit. A Soviet pennant
is delivered to the Moon.

People touch another planet
for the first time.

The assault continues. A powerful
rocket again goes to the sky.

Luna 3 skirts the Moon.

A new miracle.

By command from Earth, the control
system directs cameras at the Moon.

Filming begins.

It's a grand victory of human genius.

Photographs of the dark side
of the Moon are received.

Images are transferred by radio
from space for the first time.

The great goal requires
new means.

In America, the device
Ranger is created.

Television cameras for close-up shots
of the Moon are installed on it.

The launch system Atlas-Agena rises
from the cosmodrome at Cape Kennedy.

In sequence, spacecrafts of
American scientists fly into space.

But it's as if the Moon is bewitched.

The Rangers either pass the target

or crash into it after screwing up in flight.

Atlas-Agena goes flying
for the seventh time.

This time, Ranger goes
straight to the target.

In the program there is a U-turn.
Television cameras target the Moon.

Image transfer begins.

The surface of a mysterious
planet is rapidly approaching.

It's getting closer. Closer.

Impact.

Ranger crushed.

But thousands of
pictures were received.

Details of lunar topography measuring
less than 1m are visible on the final ones.

Together with the photographs,

man continues to develop
a road to the Moon.

In the Soviet Union,
for the first time in history,

the emergence of a man from a ship
into outer space has been realized.

This is authentic
documentary footage.

It was shot on March 18, 1965

by an automatic camera
installed aboard Voskhod 2.

Pavel Belyaev is piloting the ship.

Aleksey Leonov came
out of the ship.

A man in interplanetary space.
He's living, working, smiling.

So, people will be able to dock
ships, mount an orbital station,

transfer from rocket to rocket,
get out of emergencies.

A bold and important step has been
taken on the way to the Moon.

And Soviet people were
the first to take it.

The assault continues.

Next in line is further testing
of the elements of space flight,

the delivery of prospecting
machines to the Moon.

And only then will man fly
from the Earth to the Moon.

SPEED (km/s)

How does he do that?

To reach the Moon,
a rocket has to accelerate

for takeoff to a monstrous speed -
11 kilometers per second.

This takes all the fuel
that it can accommodate.

When left without fuel,
a rocket becomes uncontrollable.

It will crash into the Moon
like a shell hits a target.

It will smash to pieces.

Such a landing is called hard.
It's no good for living beings.

There's one way out. Instead of
this payload doomed to death,

we'll insert a small independent
fueled rocket of the same weight.

By backing up, it will slow down
its flight and make a soft landing.

But the payload, delivered by such a rocket
to the Moon, will of course be a lot less.

But the load still has
to be returned to Earth.

So this head, in its turn, should also be
an even smaller independent rocket.

It will take off from the Moon.

When approaching Earth, it will apply
the brake over the atmosphere,

whereupon its payload will
descend by parachute...

to our feet.

This giant flew to the Moon.

And this is what returned.

Today, only a 1,000th part of what was
sent can be returned from the Moon.

If we want to return
a ton from the Moon,

we have to send a rocket
of a thousand tons.

A single cosmonaut cabin
is about five tons.

So, in order for one man
to fly to the Moon and back,

a rocket weighing 5,000
tons has to be built.

Like this one,
with a height of 100 meters.

For now, this is unrealistic.

A workaround is being developed.

One gigantic rocket is replaced
by several smaller ones.

The head of the ship, its payload,
will be divided into parts.

They will alternately be put into
the orbit of Earth satellites.

The parts will be connected there.

The assembled ship
will go to the Moon.

This meeting technique can be applied
at different stages of the flight.

Here's one of the projects.

To save fuel, the ship itself
doesn't land on the Moon.

A part of the crew makes a landing
on a special little rocket.

After looking around
the cosmonauts take off.

A meeting occurs in orbit.

The cosmonauts move to
the ship and return to Earth on it.

There are many options. It's
unknown how the first flight will pass.

But man will be on the Moon.
He'll be there in the next few years.

Let's dream.

Several years will pass.

On Leninsky Avenue, in Moscow,
this is how happy men ride,

after returning from their
first flight to the Moon.

We think that there
will be three of them.

One, a scientist, for
example an astronomer,

the most serious of all,
a philosopher.

Another, the pilot of
the ship, an engineer,

a purely practical person,
a joker.

We'd like the third to be a girl.

Let her be a doctor or a biologist,
and, by nature, an artist.

When the solemn noise
of welcome subsides,

we'll ask the cosmonauts
to tell us simply,

not officially, what it's like there.

Since it was the first meeting
of man with the Moon.

USSR
LOGBOOK
SPACESHIP "LUNA 101"

And so, the cosmonauts lead us
past valuable scientific materials

brought from the Moon.

Past tape recorders, collections
of minerals, soil samples.

They offer to let us watch
their amateur home movies.

Each one filmed what he wanted.
From the soul.

Here's a study filmed by a cosmonaut
scientist - "The Moon, a Meeting."

The area of the crater Copernicus was
chosen in advance as the landing site.

More precisely, its southern spurs.

The first people are approaching
another planet for the first time.

An automatic camera conducted
continuous shooting during landing.

The greatest moment in the history
of life on Earth has been shot.

Billions of years ago, the
first living cell appeared on Earth.

A mighty biosphere developed
from it, enveloping the planet.

Finally, man appeared.

In former times,
life left the oceans for land.

Now it's going beyond
the limits of the planet.

A process of irresistible development
and propagation of life is occurring.

The first island on the path of man into
the vastness of the cosmos is approaching.

We won't find a single new
chemical element here.

Laws common to the whole
universe operate here.

But there are different
measures here.

Different proportions. Different
combinations. Different gravity.

Space is in contact with soil,

and this means new minerals,
unknown to earthlings.

New landscapes.

Maybe special forms of life.

The first people land on
another planet for the first time.

That's all.

How simply this happened.

Now we'll look at what was most
interesting for a cosmonaut engineer -

"The Situation on the Moon."

After the flight in a state of
zero-gravity, weight finally appeared.

But how much?

Look at how slowly objects fall.

The weight is one sixth
of earthly weight.

Objects appear to be hollow, but
they retain ordinary earthly inertia.

The hammer hammers in
nails normally. But its weight...

We crumpled a newspaper.

Then we tried to put
the hammer on it.

The hammer isn't even
able to crush it.

It lies on top like a matchbox.

I was personally afflicted
by lunar soil.

Its toughness turned out
to be lower than expected.

It can't hold a person.

Rovers will have to be made
with a very large supporting area.

The worst is that you don't know
the depth of this fragile layer.

Near the ship, the depth
turned out to be shallow.

But here, by the rock, the
bottom can't be reached at all.

A deep crack is probably
covered by the fragile layer.

In short, walking is dangerous.

We tried putting on skis.
They hold, but it's uncomfortable.

The temperature conditions
are very severe.

Here are two ordinary rubber gloves.

I place one in the sun.

I place the other in the shade.

One hour passes,

and this is what happens.

This one melted because of
the hundred degree heat.

And this one breaks because
of the hundred degree cold.

A vacuum is a very
unpleasant thing.

The usual earthly mechanisms
don't work here.

Metals stick together.
Friction causes parts to jam.

All because the grease immediately
evaporates. And there isn't even an air gap.

In our instruments,
the bearings are special.

However, they jam
if not used for a few days.

But there's a very funny thing
in a vacuum. Admire this.

I unwrap a newspaper.

I throw it. It flies without
the slightest resistance.

Of course, everything on
the Moon is unusual and hard.

But, nonetheless, a person,

though light here,
as if he was hollow,

will be the king of nature
on the Moon too.

Like so.

And this is a product
of a girl cosmonaut -

"Impressions on the Moon."

When we arrived on the Moon,
no one met us.

No one was afraid.

We reached a completely
indifferent, dead kingdom.

Just as stationary as if it were drawn.

One unwittingly waits for this world
to come alive with the sunrise.

But is this an awakening?

Such a strange morning.

There's no rustling of leaves, singing
of birds or murmuring of a creek.

This world rejoices silently.

However, not everything is dead.
Shadows move here.

They run from the dazzling sun.

They shrink, crawl under rocks.

In the evening, they again sprawl
across the plains, climb mountains.

Their kingdom is here -
a magical kingdom of shadows.

Usually, the sun passes
through the sky past the Earth.

But today, it decided to hide, and the
Earth became a marvelous red ring.

A purple light filled
the sleeping kingdom.

At that moment,
we attempted to awaken it.

One stone flinched. It recoiled,
broke away, rolled past its neighbors.

There's fear.

It seems as if a deafening roar, crackling,
thunderous beats will reach us.

No, this is a silent world.

A whole planet could fall nearby,
but a person wouldn't hear a thing,

as if blocked off by thick glass.

It's an otherworldly, magical kingdom.

It's a world of eternal silence.

For a long time we wandered.

Dull plains stretch for
hundreds of kilometers.

But here and there you come
upon genuine miracles.

There are no mischievous winds
or destructive rains here,

and that's why the whole of
nature's inexhaustible imagination

has been preserved.

Scientists say that these are
frozen crystals of cooled gases.

How unromantic.

These are wonderful symphonies
expressed by the language of silence.

Or they're petrified souls of fabulous
heroes, like this Baba Yaga.

You think that this world is
dull and colorless. Wrong.

Look, fire once escaped from these
fiery depths, carrying mineral wealth.

A black cold reached the flame,
it recoiled in fear, it cowered,

and there, in the dark cave, dying,
it put its stolen treasure.

From the chilled pores of fiery
magma, wonderful crystals grew.

Nature carefully hid them
among the rocks.

But man found these stone flowers,

created by the planet
from the heat of its heart.

So, man is worthy of them.

Is that it?
Not at all.

With our new friends, the cosmonauts,
we dream about the future of the Moon.

It will be a habitable Moon,
a human Moon.

Decades will pass.

Not only heroic scouts
will fly to the Moon,

but also hundreds, thousands
of common, selfless toilers.

Man will get a harsh world,

but he's eager to arrive here
from his comfortable, blooming Earth.

He's attracted by
the hunger for knowledge.

But man is a delicate,
hothouse creature.

On the Moon, meteor bombardments,
devastating exposure,

and monstrous temperature fluctuations
threaten to destroy him.

There's protection from everything.

We, the engineers, will build
special shelters on the Moon.

We will produce deep explosions.

We will create inner cavities,
and, in them, comfortable homes.

Man will take root in the thickness
of the Moon, like a seed in soil.

Then he will rise, like a resilient shoot.

He will rise, and begin his
great offensive on lunar soil.

The young science, planetology, will
enter a phase of rapid development.

By studying the Moon,
by comparing it to the Earth,

the geologist will rise
to the highest peaks,

descend into the deepest crevice.

There will be so much
romance in their work.

And so much danger.

I imagine a gloomy crater.

It's very dark, like this one.

On its bottom, there's a key
to some scientific problem.

People go down to this infernal
abyss in a miraculous machine.

Step by step, they move
towards their intended purpose.

They will be heroes just like
Columbus, Przhevalsky, Lazarev.

Perhaps, they'll be
more courageous.

The Moon is more insidious
than the jungle,

more unapproachable than the Pamir
Mountains, more severe than the Arctic.

A boundless devotion to science.

A triumph of engineering genius.

A majestic tale.

The Moon isn't only a
keeper of nature's secrets.

It's also a pantry of
hidden treasures.

Streams of valuable ore
will gush out of its bowels.

Beautiful gems.
Maybe even gold.

Quite possibly, man will
find oil in the lunar bowels.

This will help to solve
the problem of its origin.

It will be domestic fuel.

And raw materials
for synthetic fibers.

At the poles, on the bottom of craters, in
eternal shadow, ice deposits are possible.

People will get cheap
local water.

And, from the water,
oxygen for breathing.

A powerful Earth service
will be created on the Moon.

Maybe engineering structures
will grow on these rocks.

Beautiful ones.
Something like this.

Dozens of radio antennas, telescopes,
sensors will be directed at our planet.

A lot is more prominent
from the outside.

You bet.

A lunar weather station
will save earthlings

from the vicissitudes of weather.

The entire hemisphere
of the Earth will be seen

on the screen of some
huge picture tube.

Forecasters, by pressing a button,

will be easily carried to
any area of the planet.

On the Earth, radio communication
between continents is very unstable.

It will, for sure, give way to laser
communication via the Moon.

The distant Moon will pull
together our earthly continents.

WARSAW - BRAZIL

Global television
will get a solid base.

Of course, translation via the Moon
will be cheaper and of higher quality

than with the help of
satellites and relay links.

MOSCOW - HAVANA

The Moon will also
closely connect people.

They will understand
each other better.

And this is a heliosector.

The sun will be watched
continuously here.

All the processes
on its surface will be traced.

This will allow the making of
long-term predictions of solar activity.

And give radiation warnings to
cosmonauts who will be in the way.

Friends, do you know what's most
valuable on the Moon in my opinion?

What?

Emptiness.

That's right.
Especially for astronomers.

Of course, a cloudy atmosphere
won't eclipse space for us.

In pursuit of the best visibility,

a station for studying cosmic
rays will ascend to the sky.

Nearby, in a huge crater,

a radio telescope of
unprecedented power will be located.

It will be able to catch the
signals of distant civilizations.

The most distant ones.

Some ingenious trap for cosmic
dust particles will probably be built.

Powerful instruments will keep
track of neighboring galaxies.

The Moon, among other things,

will make a real revolution in
the field of optical telescopes.

Reduced weight!

This will allow to greatly increase
the size of instruments.

Right.

But the main thing is that there won't
be dust, clouds or trembling air jets.

The optics will allow

to increase magnification by
hundreds of thousands of times.

Scientists will use
television technology.

The observer will be some
very serious superman.

I disagree entirely.
This funny, shaggy lad.

But one in love with
astronomy up to his ears.

One who wields the
instrument masterfully.

Of course.

He will make world famous
discoveries every minute.

What does he see now?

Mars has probably appeared
on the screen.

The young genius is
discovering life on it.

Intelligent life.

He sees a Martian city.

And, on a highway, in an
elegant car, Aelita is in a hurry.

Knowledge of the Universe will be
accelerated by cosmonautic facilities.

Its capabilities will increase
on the Moon.

Reduced weight
will facilitate take off.

A lack of atmosphere will
allow horizontal acceleration.

Solar panels will provide
cheap electric power.

A time will come when scientific
communities will cover the Moon

with a dense network.

They'll be connected by
convenient transportation,

with that same electric power.

From the poles, water will be
piped through to the settlements.

Man will plant greenery in
greenhouses, among dead rocks.

This will give people vitamin nutrition.

Raw materials for chemistry!

Vitamins. Raw materials.
On the Moon there will be

flowers.

Man will lead the improvement of
the wild planet on a broad front.

His workplace.

His new house.

Apparently, a special architecture
of lunar structures will appear.

We, the engineers,
will build them.

In collaboration with artists.
Lunar cities have to be beautiful.

People of different professions will fight
for the right to live and work in them.

Namely here, by conquering space,

man will strongly feel
the power of his intellect.

And he will probably become more
aware of his true role in the universe.

Man will stand firm on the Moon.

Of course. And, you know,

I think that a day will come when a child's
legs will walk on the streets of this city.

The first human born
in this harsh world.

Born for new feats.

One who has never seen the Earth.
Here he is.

With him a new generation
of people will begin.

Inhabitants of the solar system.

There's so much ahead that's new!

So much interesting work awaits us!

We'll see so much that's beautiful!

Will all of this come true?

It will.

It will be like the great
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky said.

"Humanity will not always
remain on the Earth.

"But, in pursuit of light and space,

"humanity will at first timidly
penetrate beyond the atmosphere,

"and then conquer everything
around sunny space."

Have a good trip, man.

THE END