All language subtitles for Canada A Year in the Wild 4of4 Winter 1080p x265 AAC org

Canada -

the second largest country on Earth.

Famous for its epic wilderness.

From the Rocky Mountains...

..to the Great White North.

Breathtaking...

..rugged...

..and immense.

It's a rich and varied wonderland

which supports some of
North America's most iconic species.

Theirs is a world of extremes.

Their life at the mercy of
the elements.

Every season brings new challenges.

It'll take strength and tenacity...

..courage and resilience...

..skill and good fortune...

..just to make it through
A Year in the Wild.

December.

Days are at their shortest.

With less sunlight,
temperatures start to plummet...

..transforming both land...

..and sea.

Surviving the next few months will
test every nerve and sinew.

In Canada's east lies Hudson Bay...

..a vast body of water twice
the size of France.

On the bay's western shore,
near the town of Churchill,

a male polar bear is restless.

Half-starved, having not eaten for
five months,

he is waiting for winter
to deliver salvation.

When the sea freezes over, he can
head out onto the ice to hunt seals.

He's not alone.

Polar bears are gathering
from miles around.

They know that this western section
of the Hudson Bay

is normally the first to freeze,
allowing them to hunt earlier.

But, this year,
the ice has been slow to form...

..denying them access
to a vital meal.

Seals are also waiting for the
sea ice to form,

so they can haul out and give birth.

Both must wait.

The ice can only form once the sea
temperature is low enough.

It starts with pancakes of ice...

..which grow...

..and gather.

Driven by winds and waves,

they pack together to create
a platform several feet thick.

But, this year, southerly winds are
keeping the ice way out at sea...

..and the seals many miles
off shore.

He doesn't have the energy
for a long swim,

so is trapped on the land,
slowly starving.

To save energy,
he's been doing very little.

Now, it's time to stretch tendons
and flex muscles...

..so that he's nimble enough
once the ice returns.

If it doesn't come soon,
he won't survive the winter.

50 miles inland from the bears,

in a traditional polar bear
denning area,

a pregnant female is
about to start hibernating.

She's hardly eaten since summer and
must now lock herself away

in a snow cave to give birth.

When she next sees the sun,
in February,

she'll have her cubs in tow.

Together, they'll start the long and
treacherous walk to the coast,

so they, too, can take advantage of
the bounty brought by the sea ice.

But that is still three months off.

Ahead lies one of the most brutal
winters on the planet.

To survive out here is tough.

Only the best adapted will
make it through.

One Arctic specialist
relies on its camouflage

but must also stay low if it's to
avoid catching the eye of predators.

It's December
on Canada's Hudson Bay.

An arctic blast drives
the temperature down

to -30 degrees Celsius.

Most animals hunker down
on days like this.

Not ptarmigan.

They face the arctic winter head on.

To survive each bitterly cold night,
they must keep eating.

Back in the autumn, the ptarmigan's
brown and black plumage

helped them blend in
with the tundra vegetation

so they could hide from predators
like this red fox.

As autumn ended, they started to
moult, growing new white feathers,

making them invisible in the snow.

Feathery feet allow them to move
swiftly over soft snow,

and their camouflage keeps them
well hidden,

but only if they stay on the ground.

They eke a meagre living
from willow twigs and buds.

But staying warm out here
burns calories.

For ptarmigan,
it's a day-to-day existence.

As evening approaches,

they head higher up the willows,
where buds are more tightly packed.

Up here, they stand out,

drawing the attention of
a hungry young snowy owl.

Ptarmigan are not her usual prey,
but she's desperate.

Keen eyes help her detect the
slightest movement.

She locks on.

With a five-foot wingspan,
she prefers to hunt in the open.

She hugs the ground
to avoid detection.

But ptarmigan work together and,
when danger is spotted...

..the whole flock heads for cover.

If this snowy owl is to survive
the winter,

she must hone her hunting skills.

As for the ptarmigan, they must hope
they've eaten enough

to see them through
the long night ahead.

A quarter of Canada
is covered in forest.

It spans the entire continent,
from Yukon in the west,

to Newfoundland in the east.

This is the boreal forest,

a belt of trees
dominated by conifers.

90% of birds that spent summer here
have left for warmer climes

and now the forests are silent.

The tracks of an inquisitive fox...

..and a wisp of warm air...

..reveal a beaver lodge.

Beavers maintain their lodges
year-round.

Come winter, it's all that stands
between them and certain death,

either from the extreme cold,
or predators.

Their pond frozen,
they're locked away under the ice.

To survive the winter, they must
have stockpiled enough food.

Two months ago,
temperatures started to drop.

To help see them through the winter,

the beavers gathered as many
green branches as they could...

..and stashed them under the ice.

They tried to keep the pond open...

..but, ultimately,
their efforts proved futile.

The ice closed up,

locking the beavers away
from fresh food until spring.

Outside, it's like the arctic.

Scavengers search the snowfields,

searching for animals
that have succumbed to the cold.

Inside their lodge,
the beavers are warm.

Thick walls of mud and wood
keep the elements out.

They'll survive, as long as
they have stored enough food

and winter doesn't drag on
for too long.

900 miles northwest
of the beaver lodge,

on the western shore
of the Hudson Bay,

lies Wapusk National Park,

where the temperature has dropped
to -50 degrees Celsius...

..freezing the snow,

locking away the caribou's food,
forcing them to keep searching.

If they're to eat,
they must find areas of soft snow

where they can reach
the plants and lichens below.

The old and the weak will struggle

and gradually succumb
to starvation...

..making them easy prey
for wolves...

who follow the caribou herds...

..preying on the vulnerable.

But it's not just the wolves
that benefit.

The frozen remains of a kill.

An arctic fox picks what it
can from the bones.

Mere morsels, but it's better
than nothing.

By following the wolves,

he gets access to food that would
otherwise be out of reach.

But he mustn't get too close,
or he risks becoming prey himself.

50 miles inland from the
Hudson Bay foxes,

the polar bear mother emerges
from hibernation.

She checks the coast is clear
with her keen sense of smell.

She cleans her fur in the snow.

It's her first stretch since locking
herself away three months ago.

Since then, she's given birth...

..to two tiny cubs.

This is one of their first forays
into the great outdoors.

Short walks help them build muscle

and familiarise them
to their new world.

They usually return to the den
but their mother is hungry.

She has not eaten for four months

and has lost almost half
her body weight.

She needs what little fat she has
left, to make milk for her cubs.

She must walk 50 miles
to the coast.

Unless she gets seal meat soon,
the whole family will starve.

50 miles south
of Canada's Hudson Bay,

an epic journey has begun
for two polar bear cubs.

Their mother needs food.

She's lean and hungry,
and desperate to go seal hunting.

But the coast is many days away.

She spent the winter inland to keep
her cubs safe from male polar bears

who will kill and eat cubs
that are not their own.

Her journey is long

and she can only travel as fast
as her cubs will allow.

At just three months old, they tire
quickly and need regular feeding.

She prepares a temporary nursery
at the base of a tree.

Sheltered from the wind,
the cubs can play.

Born smaller than a human fist,

these cubs have already piled on
20 lbs

thanks to their mother's
fat-rich milk.

But she's running on empty,
and must eat soon.

Almost half of all cubs born
never see their first birthday,

but she'll do anything to protect
her family.

If they can survive this
life-or-death journey

towards the sea ice,

there's a good chance they'll spend
the next two years together.

Late February.

The sea ice now covers almost
6 million square miles of ocean...

..from the North Pole 2,500 miles
along Canada's east coast.

It's the perfect nursery for a
quarter of a million harp seal pups.

While their mums are out fishing,

pups hunker down...

..hungry and vulnerable.

With so much sea ice and so many
pups to choose from,

it's a wonder the mothers can find
their way back.

They read the ice floes like
a map...

..and, once close, listen for the
cry of their own pup...

..always returning with
pinpoint accuracy.

Milk is too precious to waste
on the wrong pup

so she double-checks with a sniff,
and then lets him feed.

She'll only nurse him until
he's 12 days old.

That's when she must leave,
find a partner, and breed again.

So, it's essential he grows up fast.

Milk twice as rich as double cream

helps him pile on
up to 6 lbs per day.

His development is rapid
but it has to be.

Time is against him.

His sea ice nursery is
only temporary.

Every day it gets a little thinner.

Melt too soon
and it will spell disaster.

Just eight years ago, the sea ice
broke up overnight...

..while the pups were too young
to swim.

Cast adrift, they were pitched into
the sea and washed away by waves.

It's thought that every pup
born that year drowned.

So, the sooner they can swim,
the better.

His mother tries gently,
coaxing him in.

But he's not convinced.

So, she dives out of sight...

..which does the trick.

His first swimming lesson.

He stays close to the surface,

under the watchful eye of
his mother.

But he won't stay in for long.

His white baby fur may keep him warm
on the ice

but it does little
to insulate him in the water.

In a few more weeks,
he'll have grown an adult coat

and a thick layer of blubber
to keep him warm.

Like all this year's seal pups,

he just needs the sea ice to last
a little longer.

March in the boreal forests of
south-east Canada.

Late winter snowfall
cloaks the conifers.

Their cone shape
and bendy branches

help them to cope with heavy snow.

Ten feet of snow falls here
annually,

making it hard for animals
to move around on the ground.

A young male porcupine

has struggled through five months
of brutal winter.

This fresh covering of snow makes
life even harder.

He's already used up
most of his fat reserves

and must make daily foraging trips
if he's to see the spring.

The deep snow has locked away
shrubs and grasses,

and most trees have dropped
their leaves,

so, he must travel further
and for longer to feed.

The more time he's on the ground,

the more exposed he is
to predators...

..especially as he's still young and
his quills are not yet fully grown.

His only food is high up
in the tree canopy.

Powerful, stout legs
propel him upwards.

Long claws and leathery footpads
provide grip.

He strips off the bark
with his powerful incisors

to get to the softer layer beneath.

But it's still only slightly better
than eating cardboard.

The outer branches are generally
softer and easier to chew...

..but reaching them is risky.

If the branch breaks,
he'll plummet to his death.

It's mid-March
in Canada's northern forests.

Winter shows no signs
of loosening its grip.

Desperate for food,

a young porcupine has scaled 40 feet
up a tree to feed on bark.

Birch bark is thin and peels away
from the trunk easily.

Getting down is dangerous.

Falling is common.

A study revealed that 30%
of porcupines have broken bones.

His broad, flat tail gives him extra
grip and acts like a brake.

Back on the ground, he's vulnerable
again and still hungry...

..so he heads for a conifer.

Pine needles are toxic to most
animals but not to porcupines.

Instead, they're an essential
source of nutrients.

As evening falls
and the temperature drops,

he puffs up his woolly underfur,
trapping warm air next to his body.

After foraging for eight hours...

..it's time to head back
to his den...

..where he can digest
a belly-full of bark...

..out of the bitter wind and
the reach of nocturnal predators...

..who are starting to wake up,
and hunt.

On the edge of the forest, a great
grey owl surveys her territory.

With a five-foot wingspan and
standing two feet tall...

..she's America's largest owl...

..and a formidable predator.

But she's not interested
in the porcupine.

She specialises in hunting
smaller rodents.

She needs to catch seven every day
just to stay alive.

But the rodents are sheltered
under the deep snow

to avoid the freezing air.

Tunnels let them creep from sleeping
quarters to feeding grounds

without being spotted.

But she's not just looking.

She's listening.

Her facial feathers funnel sound
directly into her ears,

helping her pinpoint voles
up to 50 metres away,

even under two feet of snow.

Swooping in low and fast...

..she hovers to get a final fix.

But the vole gets away.

She must quickly reset and
prepare to hunt again.

Every miss costs her dear...

..especially this year, with winter
slow to loosen its grip.

Next time, spring is coming.

Warmer temperatures bring an end to
a long and freezing hibernation.

Animals feast after
a winter of famine

and the race to raise a
family is on.

Subtitles by Red Bee Media