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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,935 --> 00:00:06,040 PAUL DAVIES: Do I believe that there is or was life on Mars? 2 00:00:06,074 --> 00:00:07,708 Yes, I'm absolutely certain of it. 3 00:00:07,741 --> 00:00:11,045 MIKE BARA: There are a lot of different objects on Mars 4 00:00:11,079 --> 00:00:12,780 that look exactly like sculptures 5 00:00:12,813 --> 00:00:14,415 that human beings make. 6 00:00:14,448 --> 00:00:17,185 GIORGIO TSOUKALOS: We have to ask ourselves 7 00:00:17,218 --> 00:00:19,387 what civilization built this? 8 00:00:19,420 --> 00:00:21,322 And what happened to them? 9 00:00:21,355 --> 00:00:24,058 JOHN BRANDENBURG: There's no natural phenomenon 10 00:00:24,092 --> 00:00:26,394 that can account for this nuclear data. 11 00:00:26,427 --> 00:00:29,097 That is weapon signature. 12 00:00:29,130 --> 00:00:31,599 STEPHEN PETRANEK: Going to Mars, it's something 13 00:00:31,632 --> 00:00:34,335 we know in somewhere in the back of our brains 14 00:00:34,368 --> 00:00:37,171 that we have to do or we die. 15 00:00:37,205 --> 00:00:40,541 NARRATOR: Since the dawn of civilization, 16 00:00:40,574 --> 00:00:44,545 mankind has credited its origins to gods 17 00:00:44,578 --> 00:00:47,248 and other visitors from the stars. 18 00:00:47,281 --> 00:00:49,617 What if it were true? 19 00:00:49,650 --> 00:00:52,620 Did extraterrestrial beings 20 00:00:52,653 --> 00:00:56,090 really help to shape our history? 21 00:00:56,124 --> 00:00:59,593 And if so, might we find the truth 22 00:00:59,627 --> 00:01:02,530 when humans land on Mars? 23 00:01:32,426 --> 00:01:34,262 MAN: We are go for launch. 24 00:01:34,295 --> 00:01:35,796 MAN 2: Roger, go for launch. 25 00:01:35,829 --> 00:01:39,367 NARRATOR: Earth, 2026. 26 00:01:39,400 --> 00:01:42,403 MAN: Five, four, three, 27 00:01:42,436 --> 00:01:44,638 two, one. 28 00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:48,376 We have ignition. 29 00:01:48,409 --> 00:01:50,811 We have lift off. 30 00:01:50,844 --> 00:01:53,147 NARRATOR: Four civilian astronauts 31 00:01:53,181 --> 00:01:57,285 begin their 150-day journey to the Red Planet. 32 00:01:57,318 --> 00:02:00,454 MAN: Velocity 14,899 miles per hour. 33 00:02:00,488 --> 00:02:04,825 NARRATOR: The voyage will take them deeper into space 34 00:02:04,858 --> 00:02:06,694 than any human has ever traveled-- 35 00:02:06,727 --> 00:02:10,431 over 128 million miles. 36 00:02:10,464 --> 00:02:13,901 200 times farther than the distance to the moon. 37 00:02:18,272 --> 00:02:21,309 BUZZ ALDRIN: You leave Earth at a pretty high velocity, 38 00:02:21,342 --> 00:02:23,744 and the spacecraft flies 39 00:02:23,777 --> 00:02:25,746 away from the Earth and away from the moon 40 00:02:25,779 --> 00:02:27,481 and away from the sun. 41 00:02:27,515 --> 00:02:30,918 The distance away may not be the biggest concern. 42 00:02:30,951 --> 00:02:34,355 And it only takes five months to get there. 43 00:02:34,388 --> 00:02:37,625 Now, you can certainly, uh, uh, withstand that. 44 00:02:37,658 --> 00:02:41,229 So the-the problem is getting back. 45 00:02:41,262 --> 00:02:44,932 PETRANEK: They're traveling so fast 46 00:02:44,965 --> 00:02:48,469 that they can go through ten feet of solid steel. 47 00:02:48,502 --> 00:02:50,871 So a rocket has to be built 48 00:02:50,904 --> 00:02:54,475 so that it's very, very well shielded 49 00:02:54,508 --> 00:02:55,743 for human beings. 50 00:02:55,776 --> 00:02:57,478 It's not an easy trip. 51 00:02:57,511 --> 00:03:01,215 And there are momentous catastrophes 52 00:03:01,249 --> 00:03:03,751 that could occur. 53 00:03:03,784 --> 00:03:05,953 I kind of like to compare that to when the first explorers 54 00:03:05,986 --> 00:03:07,755 were going across the ocean. 55 00:03:07,788 --> 00:03:09,923 Those were long, horrible journeys as well 56 00:03:09,957 --> 00:03:11,392 and we survived those. 57 00:03:11,425 --> 00:03:13,327 And I really see Mars 58 00:03:13,361 --> 00:03:15,896 as one of the great, first stepping stones 59 00:03:15,929 --> 00:03:18,599 to exploring space. 60 00:03:18,632 --> 00:03:23,371 SUE ANN PIEN: I was born with a fascination for space. 61 00:03:23,404 --> 00:03:25,906 And the only thing I wanted to do was explore. 62 00:03:25,939 --> 00:03:27,841 I wanted to know what was out there, 63 00:03:27,875 --> 00:03:29,577 and get out there. 64 00:03:29,610 --> 00:03:33,314 And so, by the time I heard about Mars One, 65 00:03:33,347 --> 00:03:37,318 it felt like there was a calling, a destiny there. 66 00:03:37,351 --> 00:03:39,853 What an amazing way to kind of give your life 67 00:03:39,887 --> 00:03:43,557 to the greater cause of humanity. 68 00:03:43,591 --> 00:03:48,396 TSOUKALOS: We are a species of explorers. 69 00:03:48,429 --> 00:03:52,600 And the reason why we keep looking out there, 70 00:03:52,633 --> 00:03:55,969 in my opinion, is because that's where we came from. 71 00:03:56,003 --> 00:04:00,808 'Cause you will not find any other organism on Earth 72 00:04:00,841 --> 00:04:03,311 that has such a fascination with space, 73 00:04:03,344 --> 00:04:06,814 with the stars or with anything 74 00:04:06,847 --> 00:04:10,684 that displays such curiosity like human beings. 75 00:04:10,718 --> 00:04:14,955 And our next step will be colonizing Mars. 76 00:04:14,988 --> 00:04:17,558 So the idea 77 00:04:17,591 --> 00:04:20,694 that others have proposed that we are nothing else 78 00:04:20,728 --> 00:04:25,333 but the Martians, so we are bound to go there. 79 00:04:25,366 --> 00:04:30,304 NARRATOR: According to NASA, the colonization of Mars 80 00:04:30,338 --> 00:04:33,073 will begin not with humans, but with robots 81 00:04:33,106 --> 00:04:36,577 sent ahead to construct habitats, 82 00:04:36,610 --> 00:04:41,315 rovers and life-support units. 83 00:04:41,349 --> 00:04:43,984 Food and supplies will be sent next, 84 00:04:44,017 --> 00:04:46,487 and then finally the first humans 85 00:04:46,520 --> 00:04:47,955 will arrive, 86 00:04:47,988 --> 00:04:52,893 ready to start their new lives as Martians. 87 00:04:52,926 --> 00:04:57,398 PIEN: The Martian environment is very different to Earth. 88 00:04:57,431 --> 00:05:00,668 It has 38% of the gravity of Earth. 89 00:05:00,701 --> 00:05:05,339 The daily temperature fluctuations are very extreme. 90 00:05:05,373 --> 00:05:07,875 For instance, if you're near the equator on a summer day, 91 00:05:07,908 --> 00:05:10,478 it can be as warm as 70 degrees Fahrenheit. 92 00:05:10,511 --> 00:05:12,613 But at night, the temperatures could drop down 93 00:05:12,646 --> 00:05:14,748 to minus 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 94 00:05:14,782 --> 00:05:18,118 So there's a lot of things out there that's getting us, 95 00:05:18,151 --> 00:05:22,623 including radiation, as well, and the dust storms. 96 00:05:22,656 --> 00:05:24,725 The atmosphere is incredibly thin-- 97 00:05:24,758 --> 00:05:26,760 about one percent of that of Earth. 98 00:05:26,794 --> 00:05:29,029 There's no breathable oxygen there. 99 00:05:29,062 --> 00:05:32,666 The radiation is very high as well. 100 00:05:32,700 --> 00:05:35,369 And so astronauts there 101 00:05:35,403 --> 00:05:38,038 are faced with multiple difficulties. 102 00:05:38,071 --> 00:05:41,809 A Martian day is almost like Earth's. 103 00:05:41,842 --> 00:05:44,545 It's 24 hours and 39 minutes. 104 00:05:44,578 --> 00:05:47,915 So it's just a little bit longer than a day on Earth. 105 00:05:47,948 --> 00:05:50,418 But a Martian year is two years, 106 00:05:50,451 --> 00:05:53,754 because Mars' orbit is twice the size of Earth's. 107 00:05:55,456 --> 00:05:58,826 NARRATOR: Because of the day-night cycle 108 00:05:58,859 --> 00:06:01,395 and the thin atmosphere, 109 00:06:01,429 --> 00:06:05,699 Mars is the only nearby planet where large-scale greenhouses 110 00:06:05,733 --> 00:06:09,437 lit by natural sunlight can be utilized. 111 00:06:09,470 --> 00:06:11,972 These structures will allow the colonizers 112 00:06:12,005 --> 00:06:13,807 to grow their own food 113 00:06:13,841 --> 00:06:17,645 on the cold and barren planet. 114 00:06:17,678 --> 00:06:20,047 Obviously you can't rely on food parcels 115 00:06:20,080 --> 00:06:21,982 from home coming every two years. 116 00:06:22,015 --> 00:06:24,918 You're gonna have to grow your own food. 117 00:06:24,952 --> 00:06:26,787 A lot of people think, "Well, that's pretty straightforward. 118 00:06:26,820 --> 00:06:30,958 "You just take a few potatoes and cabbages, and away you go. 119 00:06:30,991 --> 00:06:33,594 You can do farming on Mars." 120 00:06:33,627 --> 00:06:36,430 Now, research that's been done at Arizona State University 121 00:06:36,464 --> 00:06:39,733 suggests that when you send microorganisms into space, 122 00:06:39,767 --> 00:06:41,702 they behave differently. 123 00:06:41,735 --> 00:06:44,037 They don't like it up there. 124 00:06:44,071 --> 00:06:48,108 Hundreds, if not thousands, of PhD theses 125 00:06:48,141 --> 00:06:50,611 in the last 20 years have been written 126 00:06:50,644 --> 00:06:53,447 about how to grow food on Mars. 127 00:06:53,481 --> 00:06:55,749 And there was a very interesting experiment 128 00:06:55,783 --> 00:06:58,118 done a couple of years ago in Holland, 129 00:06:58,151 --> 00:07:01,021 where NASA provided the Dutch with what they thought 130 00:07:01,054 --> 00:07:04,892 was almost an identical copy of the soil on Mars. 131 00:07:04,925 --> 00:07:08,128 And the Dutch planted 4,200 seeds in it, 132 00:07:08,161 --> 00:07:10,598 of all kinds of different vegetables. 133 00:07:10,631 --> 00:07:12,600 And every single seed germinated. 134 00:07:12,633 --> 00:07:14,201 Some things did better than others-- 135 00:07:14,234 --> 00:07:16,970 like carrots grew very well there. 136 00:07:17,004 --> 00:07:18,739 There is no question that we will 137 00:07:18,772 --> 00:07:21,775 be able to grow food on Mars. 138 00:07:21,809 --> 00:07:25,245 But it's gonna be hundreds of years before we grow 139 00:07:25,278 --> 00:07:29,650 enough food on Mars that we can survive from the food we grow. 140 00:07:29,683 --> 00:07:32,252 The only way we're gonna be able to do that 141 00:07:32,285 --> 00:07:35,923 is to terraform the planet, so that it becomes much 142 00:07:35,956 --> 00:07:37,758 more Earth-like so that we can grow crops 143 00:07:37,791 --> 00:07:41,161 on the surface of the planet. 144 00:07:41,194 --> 00:07:43,497 NARRATOR: In recent years, 145 00:07:43,531 --> 00:07:47,635 scientists have proposed various methods to terraform Mars, 146 00:07:47,668 --> 00:07:51,605 deliberately altering it to be more Earth-like. 147 00:07:51,639 --> 00:07:55,609 Most focus on melting the ice at the poles 148 00:07:55,643 --> 00:08:00,514 to release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere to thicken it. 149 00:08:00,548 --> 00:08:04,184 PETRANEK: If we heat up the poles on Mars, 150 00:08:04,217 --> 00:08:07,120 that causes a significant temperature rise on Mars, 151 00:08:07,154 --> 00:08:09,790 and we start having flowing water on Mars, 152 00:08:09,823 --> 00:08:11,525 especially around the equator. 153 00:08:11,559 --> 00:08:13,961 Then water itself will go into the atmosphere, 154 00:08:13,994 --> 00:08:16,029 which is another greenhouse gas. 155 00:08:16,063 --> 00:08:18,799 And we will warm up Mars. 156 00:08:18,832 --> 00:08:22,035 And we will be able to plant crops on the surface of Mars. 157 00:08:22,069 --> 00:08:23,971 But that's a ways away. 158 00:08:24,004 --> 00:08:28,075 That's probably at least 300 years away. 159 00:08:28,108 --> 00:08:32,680 NARRATOR: With missions from both NASA and the private sector 160 00:08:32,713 --> 00:08:36,083 now officially in the works, humans landing 161 00:08:36,116 --> 00:08:40,954 on Mars is no longer the stuff of science fiction. 162 00:08:40,988 --> 00:08:44,024 But will we really go so far 163 00:08:44,057 --> 00:08:46,293 as to terraform the planet so that 164 00:08:46,326 --> 00:08:48,562 we can establish permanent residency there? 165 00:08:48,596 --> 00:08:51,231 And if so, why? 166 00:08:51,264 --> 00:08:56,003 What is it about Mars that compels us to go there? 167 00:08:56,036 --> 00:08:59,139 Interestingly, the conditions on Earth 168 00:08:59,172 --> 00:09:02,976 three to four billion years ago are thought to be 169 00:09:03,010 --> 00:09:06,079 much different from what they are today. 170 00:09:06,113 --> 00:09:09,917 Like Mars, the planet was relatively uninhabitable 171 00:09:09,950 --> 00:09:13,153 and lacked an atmosphere. 172 00:09:14,822 --> 00:09:17,157 According to ancient astronaut theorists, 173 00:09:17,190 --> 00:09:19,960 directed terraforming 174 00:09:19,993 --> 00:09:22,195 may have been exactly how life was started on Earth. 175 00:09:22,229 --> 00:09:23,897 And as evidence, 176 00:09:23,931 --> 00:09:28,068 they point to our earliest creation stories. 177 00:09:28,101 --> 00:09:30,704 When we look at the world's creation myths, 178 00:09:30,738 --> 00:09:33,306 one of the things that we find throughout these stories 179 00:09:33,340 --> 00:09:36,143 is the idea that the gods sought to create 180 00:09:36,176 --> 00:09:39,279 a stable environment on the Earth. 181 00:09:39,312 --> 00:09:44,017 The story of Genesis could be seen as a step-by-step guide 182 00:09:44,051 --> 00:09:46,887 for terraforming the Earth. 183 00:09:46,920 --> 00:09:49,757 On day one, God or the gods 184 00:09:49,790 --> 00:09:52,392 created the universe. 185 00:09:52,425 --> 00:09:55,629 On day two, the gods created the firmament. 186 00:09:55,663 --> 00:09:57,931 This is described as a dome, 187 00:09:57,965 --> 00:10:02,035 or a boundary separating heaven and Earth. 188 00:10:02,069 --> 00:10:05,238 Followed by the appearance of plants and animals 189 00:10:05,272 --> 00:10:08,642 and later human beings. 190 00:10:08,676 --> 00:10:11,078 GEORGE NOORY: To me, when I look at Genesis, 191 00:10:11,111 --> 00:10:14,114 it is exactly the thought 192 00:10:14,147 --> 00:10:16,149 of an extraterrestrial visitation. 193 00:10:16,183 --> 00:10:19,052 I'm sure there's a god-- there's no doubt about that. 194 00:10:19,086 --> 00:10:21,321 That there's a higher power. 195 00:10:21,354 --> 00:10:25,225 But somewhere along the line, extraterrestrials 196 00:10:25,258 --> 00:10:28,929 came down to this planet, created us, 197 00:10:28,962 --> 00:10:31,064 maybe even terraformed the planet, 198 00:10:31,098 --> 00:10:33,233 so that it could be adaptable to life. 199 00:10:33,266 --> 00:10:37,237 Heck, we're talking about doing that on Mars right now. 200 00:10:37,270 --> 00:10:40,140 The things that we'll be doing on Mars may be 201 00:10:40,173 --> 00:10:43,076 exactly the same things that extraterrestrials did 202 00:10:43,110 --> 00:10:45,145 when they came to our planet. 203 00:10:45,178 --> 00:10:47,347 We'll be terraforming that planet. 204 00:10:47,380 --> 00:10:50,684 Creating a more conducive atmosphere. 205 00:10:50,718 --> 00:10:54,888 Melting icecaps to create rivers and lakes. 206 00:10:54,922 --> 00:10:57,290 And then perhaps even genetically manipulating 207 00:10:57,324 --> 00:11:01,695 organisms to better survive on that planet. 208 00:11:01,729 --> 00:11:05,933 And perhaps mankind is being guided by extraterrestrials 209 00:11:05,966 --> 00:11:10,971 to go to Mars and colonize that Red Planet. 210 00:11:13,440 --> 00:11:17,110 NARRATOR: With our plans to colonize Mars, 211 00:11:17,144 --> 00:11:21,014 are humans actually following in the footsteps 212 00:11:21,048 --> 00:11:23,116 of extraterrestrials that came to Earth 213 00:11:23,150 --> 00:11:25,418 in the remote past? 214 00:11:25,452 --> 00:11:29,757 Ancient astronaut theorists suggest that not only 215 00:11:29,790 --> 00:11:33,426 is this the case, but that there is even evidence 216 00:11:33,460 --> 00:11:36,029 these alien visitors might have come here 217 00:11:36,063 --> 00:11:40,333 from the very planet that is now our destination. 218 00:11:47,307 --> 00:11:50,744 NARRATOR: On March 10, 2006, 219 00:11:50,778 --> 00:11:54,414 the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reached its destination, 220 00:11:54,447 --> 00:11:57,484 and began orbiting 186 miles 221 00:11:57,517 --> 00:12:01,288 above the Martian surface. 222 00:12:01,321 --> 00:12:06,193 It has circled the planet over 40,000 times and has sent 223 00:12:06,226 --> 00:12:09,429 over 264 terabytes of data 224 00:12:09,462 --> 00:12:11,464 and 200,000 images 225 00:12:11,498 --> 00:12:14,902 back to researchers on Earth. 226 00:12:15,936 --> 00:12:19,940 On September 28, 2015, 227 00:12:19,973 --> 00:12:22,442 NASA scientists announced 228 00:12:22,475 --> 00:12:25,378 that the images received from the Orbiter 229 00:12:25,412 --> 00:12:27,547 had finally led to the kind 230 00:12:27,580 --> 00:12:30,150 of groundbreaking discovery they were hoping for-- 231 00:12:30,183 --> 00:12:34,454 evidence of water on Mars. 232 00:12:34,487 --> 00:12:38,425 Photographs taken by the Orbiter 233 00:12:38,458 --> 00:12:42,963 reveal streaks that appear to ebb and flow through the year, 234 00:12:42,996 --> 00:12:46,466 much like the seasonal flow of rivers on Earth. 235 00:12:46,499 --> 00:12:51,338 PETRANEK: Astrobiologists have had a wake-up call. 236 00:12:51,371 --> 00:12:54,942 If there is flowing underground water on Mars, 237 00:12:54,975 --> 00:12:57,811 and since we know that all the chemicals structures on Mars 238 00:12:57,845 --> 00:13:00,848 for life are the same as they are on Earth. 239 00:13:00,881 --> 00:13:05,185 If you have that, it's unlikely 240 00:13:05,218 --> 00:13:08,121 that there is not life on Mars. 241 00:13:08,155 --> 00:13:10,490 DAVIES: The big question everybody wants to know is-- 242 00:13:10,523 --> 00:13:13,360 is there enough there for Mars life? 243 00:13:13,393 --> 00:13:15,395 And in my view, the answer is yes. 244 00:13:15,428 --> 00:13:19,266 You don't have to have liquid water lying around 245 00:13:19,299 --> 00:13:22,535 like a pond in order for microbes to make a living. 246 00:13:22,569 --> 00:13:25,405 There are microorganisms on Earth 247 00:13:25,438 --> 00:13:28,308 that live in Mars-like conditions. 248 00:13:28,341 --> 00:13:31,511 So do I believe that there is or was life on Mars? 249 00:13:31,544 --> 00:13:34,014 And I say yes, I'm absolutely certain of it. 250 00:13:35,148 --> 00:13:38,185 NARRATOR: In 1996, 251 00:13:38,218 --> 00:13:41,054 NASA researchers studying 252 00:13:41,088 --> 00:13:44,024 a Martian meteorite found on the Alan Hill ice fields 253 00:13:44,057 --> 00:13:45,859 of Antarctica 254 00:13:45,893 --> 00:13:48,428 announce a shocking discovery-- 255 00:13:48,461 --> 00:13:51,865 evidence of past microbial life 256 00:13:51,899 --> 00:13:53,867 on Mars. 257 00:13:53,901 --> 00:13:55,602 They backed away from this conclusion 258 00:13:55,635 --> 00:14:00,407 shortly after it made international headlines. 259 00:14:00,440 --> 00:14:02,910 Over a decade later, 260 00:14:02,943 --> 00:14:05,645 scientists re-examining the meteorite 261 00:14:05,678 --> 00:14:09,549 determine that it does indeed contain organic matter 262 00:14:09,582 --> 00:14:14,021 and evidence of bacterial fossils. 263 00:14:14,054 --> 00:14:16,924 The evidence for microbial life on early Mars 264 00:14:16,957 --> 00:14:19,092 from the meteorites is now very strong. 265 00:14:19,126 --> 00:14:21,061 It's almost overwhelming. 266 00:14:21,094 --> 00:14:23,196 Not only do some of the Mars meteorites 267 00:14:23,230 --> 00:14:25,899 show signs of early life on Mars, 268 00:14:25,933 --> 00:14:29,469 almost every one of them does. 269 00:14:32,072 --> 00:14:34,574 NARRATOR: While evidence of microbial life 270 00:14:34,607 --> 00:14:38,178 in Mars meteorites is groundbreaking, 271 00:14:38,211 --> 00:14:43,050 in 2013, geochemist Steven Benner 272 00:14:43,083 --> 00:14:45,352 presented findings suggesting 273 00:14:45,385 --> 00:14:47,921 these meteorites point to a possibility 274 00:14:47,955 --> 00:14:50,023 even more astonishing than the notion 275 00:14:50,057 --> 00:14:53,360 that there was once life on Mars. 276 00:14:53,393 --> 00:14:56,096 He claims that they may be responsible 277 00:14:56,129 --> 00:14:59,933 for seeding life here on Earth. 278 00:14:59,967 --> 00:15:03,203 Benner reached this conclusion when he found 279 00:15:03,236 --> 00:15:05,605 that particular elements believed to be crucial 280 00:15:05,638 --> 00:15:09,609 to the origin of life are not readily available on Earth, 281 00:15:09,642 --> 00:15:11,678 and would only have been present 282 00:15:11,711 --> 00:15:14,614 on the surface of the Red Planet. 283 00:15:14,647 --> 00:15:18,085 I've always felt that Mars was actually 284 00:15:18,118 --> 00:15:20,988 a better place than Earth for life to get going. 285 00:15:21,021 --> 00:15:25,125 Now Steve Benner recently has added to the appeal of Mars 286 00:15:25,158 --> 00:15:27,227 as the cradle of life 287 00:15:27,260 --> 00:15:30,964 by pointing out that certain elements that are actually 288 00:15:30,998 --> 00:15:34,968 essential for organic chemistry to work properly 289 00:15:35,002 --> 00:15:36,970 like boron and molybdenum, 290 00:15:37,004 --> 00:15:40,407 which are more abundant on Mars than they are on Earth. 291 00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:43,977 We can imagine that life on Earth started on Mars, 292 00:15:44,011 --> 00:15:47,514 so in a sense we're all Martians or descended from Martians. 293 00:15:47,547 --> 00:15:49,649 (indistinct chatter) 294 00:15:49,682 --> 00:15:53,987 NARRATOR: Life on Earth seeded from Mars? 295 00:15:54,021 --> 00:15:58,125 Could we, in fact, be Martians? 296 00:15:58,158 --> 00:16:01,394 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 297 00:16:01,428 --> 00:16:04,664 and suggest that this seeding of Earth 298 00:16:04,697 --> 00:16:07,600 may even have been a directed effort 299 00:16:07,634 --> 00:16:09,736 orchestrated by human-like beings 300 00:16:09,769 --> 00:16:12,672 that existed on the Red Planet. 301 00:16:12,705 --> 00:16:16,443 And they claim these extraterrestrial ancestors 302 00:16:16,476 --> 00:16:19,679 can be found in the apocryphal texts 303 00:16:19,712 --> 00:16:22,015 of the Hebrew bible, 304 00:16:22,049 --> 00:16:26,053 represented as the "fallen angels." 305 00:16:26,086 --> 00:16:30,223 We know from ancient legend of the books of Enoch, 306 00:16:30,257 --> 00:16:34,694 that there was a group of angels 307 00:16:34,727 --> 00:16:37,297 who descended to Earth 308 00:16:37,330 --> 00:16:40,500 in violation of divine law. 309 00:16:40,533 --> 00:16:43,270 They introduced to humanity 310 00:16:43,303 --> 00:16:45,305 ways, means, knowledge, 311 00:16:45,338 --> 00:16:48,575 which we would understand today as science and technology. 312 00:16:48,608 --> 00:16:53,546 These angels were in human form. 313 00:16:53,580 --> 00:16:56,449 They were called, in Hebrew, Ishim, which means men. 314 00:16:56,483 --> 00:17:00,453 They looked just like us. 315 00:17:02,522 --> 00:17:06,393 YOUNG: The fallen angels were giants. 316 00:17:06,426 --> 00:17:10,230 They were at least ten feet tall, very striking to look at. 317 00:17:10,263 --> 00:17:12,332 Enormous eyes. 318 00:17:12,365 --> 00:17:14,501 And no wings. 319 00:17:14,534 --> 00:17:17,237 HENRY: For over 100 years, mythologists 320 00:17:17,270 --> 00:17:21,108 have been contemplating this idea that the fallen angels 321 00:17:21,141 --> 00:17:22,675 came from Mars to Earth. 322 00:17:22,709 --> 00:17:25,478 Even Dante described this in the Paradiso. 323 00:17:25,512 --> 00:17:28,348 He called this the fifth level of heaven. 324 00:17:28,381 --> 00:17:31,218 Is it possible that the fallen angels 325 00:17:31,251 --> 00:17:33,653 came to Earth from Mars? 326 00:17:37,124 --> 00:17:39,826 NARRATOR: Could we reinterpret the story of fallen angels 327 00:17:39,859 --> 00:17:43,296 as beings not from heaven, 328 00:17:43,330 --> 00:17:45,365 but from Mars? 329 00:17:45,398 --> 00:17:48,801 Based on examination of the astronauts 330 00:17:48,835 --> 00:17:52,105 living in the International Space Station, 331 00:17:52,139 --> 00:17:55,375 scientists have speculated on what physiological changes 332 00:17:55,408 --> 00:17:58,478 might be seen in future generations 333 00:17:58,511 --> 00:18:01,281 of humans born on Mars. 334 00:18:01,314 --> 00:18:04,317 And ancient astronaut theorists suggest 335 00:18:04,351 --> 00:18:07,387 the resemblance to the description of fallen angels 336 00:18:07,420 --> 00:18:10,123 may be uncanny. 337 00:18:10,157 --> 00:18:13,293 PIEN: One of the most amazing things about the human body 338 00:18:13,326 --> 00:18:15,695 is its ability to adapt. 339 00:18:15,728 --> 00:18:18,598 And if you look at astronauts who go into space, 340 00:18:18,631 --> 00:18:21,868 they actually grow about two or three inches. 341 00:18:21,901 --> 00:18:24,537 And when you have a human that's born on Mars, 342 00:18:24,571 --> 00:18:26,606 what's gonna happen is the environment 343 00:18:26,639 --> 00:18:29,476 will change the structure of the human body. 344 00:18:29,509 --> 00:18:31,811 And what you're gonna see in a few generations 345 00:18:31,844 --> 00:18:34,147 is humans that are taller and skinnier, 346 00:18:34,181 --> 00:18:37,684 because the gravity on Mars is less than that of Earth. 347 00:18:37,717 --> 00:18:41,554 BARA: If humans evolve long enough on the planet Mars, 348 00:18:41,588 --> 00:18:43,290 they could grow to be taller, 349 00:18:43,323 --> 00:18:44,824 they'd have the bigger heads; 350 00:18:44,857 --> 00:18:46,559 they'd have the spindly limbs. 351 00:18:46,593 --> 00:18:48,828 They might actually grow slightly larger eyes 352 00:18:48,861 --> 00:18:51,164 that were equipped to see better in the dark, 353 00:18:51,198 --> 00:18:52,832 because you simply have less sunlight on Mars 354 00:18:52,865 --> 00:18:54,467 than you do on the Earth, 355 00:18:54,501 --> 00:18:56,569 because it's farther away from the sun. 356 00:18:56,603 --> 00:18:59,306 They could also end up looking like representations 357 00:18:59,339 --> 00:19:01,508 of angels and various 358 00:19:01,541 --> 00:19:03,543 other god-like beings that we've read about 359 00:19:03,576 --> 00:19:06,346 in the Bible and other ancient documents. 360 00:19:06,379 --> 00:19:09,282 CHILDRESS: These attributes to somebody 361 00:19:09,316 --> 00:19:12,552 from a low-gravity planet like Mars 362 00:19:12,585 --> 00:19:14,587 or being in space for a long time 363 00:19:14,621 --> 00:19:17,857 may well be the attributes that we see 364 00:19:17,890 --> 00:19:21,561 of the fallen angels being very tall 365 00:19:21,594 --> 00:19:23,463 and-and spindly 366 00:19:23,496 --> 00:19:25,498 and-and perhaps pale 367 00:19:25,532 --> 00:19:29,469 and with large eyes. 368 00:19:29,502 --> 00:19:31,738 Something that we might expect to be coming 369 00:19:31,771 --> 00:19:35,208 from another planet like Mars. 370 00:19:35,242 --> 00:19:37,877 NARRATOR: Might life on Earth 371 00:19:37,910 --> 00:19:41,381 really have originated on Mars? 372 00:19:41,414 --> 00:19:44,951 And is it possible it was not by chance, 373 00:19:44,984 --> 00:19:47,220 but by design? 374 00:19:47,254 --> 00:19:51,491 And if so, just what happened to the Martians? 375 00:19:51,524 --> 00:19:55,495 Perhaps clues can be found by examining 376 00:19:55,528 --> 00:19:58,665 what some say is undeniable evidence 377 00:19:58,698 --> 00:20:01,901 of weapons of mass destruction. 378 00:20:11,644 --> 00:20:13,880 NARRATOR: Spanning 2,500 miles 379 00:20:13,913 --> 00:20:16,849 across the equatorial region of the Red Planet 380 00:20:16,883 --> 00:20:20,620 is a colossal gash in the crust. 381 00:20:20,653 --> 00:20:23,490 Called the Valles Marineris, 382 00:20:23,523 --> 00:20:26,426 it is over four miles deep, 383 00:20:26,459 --> 00:20:30,530 which is four times the depth of the Grand Canyon. 384 00:20:30,563 --> 00:20:32,965 And it runs a length equal 385 00:20:32,999 --> 00:20:34,901 to the span of the United States 386 00:20:34,934 --> 00:20:37,670 from New York to California. 387 00:20:37,704 --> 00:20:39,539 DENNIN: The Valles Marineris 388 00:20:39,572 --> 00:20:41,574 is one of the biggest tranches on Mars. 389 00:20:41,608 --> 00:20:45,812 It was named after one of the Mariner missions in the '70s. 390 00:20:45,845 --> 00:20:48,047 It has some very interesting geological features. 391 00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:49,782 It's quite huge. 392 00:20:49,816 --> 00:20:51,784 So it's really an interesting challenge 393 00:20:51,818 --> 00:20:53,820 to figure out what formed this valley. 394 00:20:53,853 --> 00:20:56,055 DAVIES: It is truly immense. 395 00:20:56,088 --> 00:20:57,924 And the question is, uh, 396 00:20:57,957 --> 00:21:02,695 why did these features occur on Mars on such a grand scale? 397 00:21:02,729 --> 00:21:06,799 The Grand Canyon is, you know, created by the Colorado River. 398 00:21:06,833 --> 00:21:09,769 I don't think the Valles Marineris 399 00:21:09,802 --> 00:21:11,538 was created by a river. 400 00:21:11,571 --> 00:21:12,905 It's very clear that it hasn't been made 401 00:21:12,939 --> 00:21:15,975 by water erosion. 402 00:21:16,008 --> 00:21:18,978 NARRATOR: The prevailing scientific theory 403 00:21:19,011 --> 00:21:20,980 suggests that the gash 404 00:21:21,013 --> 00:21:23,683 may be the result of volcanic activity 405 00:21:23,716 --> 00:21:27,019 combined with shifts in crustal plates. 406 00:21:27,053 --> 00:21:30,757 However, engineer Ralph Juergens 407 00:21:30,790 --> 00:21:35,462 argued in his 1974 article, "Of the Moon and Mars," 408 00:21:35,495 --> 00:21:38,765 that the geographic features of the Valles Marineris 409 00:21:38,798 --> 00:21:42,569 did not show signs of being torn and upended 410 00:21:42,602 --> 00:21:44,871 as is typical of volcanic thrusts. 411 00:21:44,904 --> 00:21:49,676 But rather, it appeared to be carved out. 412 00:21:49,709 --> 00:21:52,845 Juergens proposed that the feature 413 00:21:52,879 --> 00:21:54,581 resembled the residual marks 414 00:21:54,614 --> 00:21:58,017 left behind by an electrical discharge. 415 00:22:00,487 --> 00:22:02,689 According to his theory, 416 00:22:02,722 --> 00:22:06,426 the area was zapped by a powerful cosmic thunderbolt, 417 00:22:06,459 --> 00:22:10,463 carving out the landscape as it advanced across the surface, 418 00:22:10,497 --> 00:22:13,933 blasting material into space. 419 00:22:15,502 --> 00:22:17,870 Although NASA scientists 420 00:22:17,904 --> 00:22:19,739 dismiss the theory, 421 00:22:19,772 --> 00:22:23,976 it has been gaining traction with electrical engineers. 422 00:22:24,010 --> 00:22:26,479 By using 423 00:22:26,513 --> 00:22:28,748 two electrodes to create an electrical arc 424 00:22:28,781 --> 00:22:31,784 over a sandy surface, they have been able 425 00:22:31,818 --> 00:22:34,153 to demonstrate on a small-scale 426 00:22:34,186 --> 00:22:37,490 how the Valles Marineris could have been carved out 427 00:22:37,524 --> 00:22:40,893 by an electric bolt. 428 00:22:40,927 --> 00:22:43,496 You don't see this type of thing with a volcano 429 00:22:43,530 --> 00:22:46,899 or an earthquake or any other type of natural occurrence. 430 00:22:46,933 --> 00:22:50,036 The feature itself resembles 431 00:22:50,069 --> 00:22:52,572 many of the electric discharges that we've done. 432 00:22:55,207 --> 00:22:58,911 NARRATOR: But could a cosmic thunderbolt 433 00:22:58,945 --> 00:23:02,915 be responsible for the massive gash across Mars? 434 00:23:02,949 --> 00:23:06,085 If so, was it a natural occurrence 435 00:23:06,118 --> 00:23:09,522 or an attack? 436 00:23:09,556 --> 00:23:12,058 There are some very interesting stories 437 00:23:12,091 --> 00:23:15,662 of ancient advanced thunderbolt-like weapons. 438 00:23:15,695 --> 00:23:19,532 For example, in the Norse, Greek, and Vedic traditions, 439 00:23:19,566 --> 00:23:24,070 there is a weapon that can destroy entire worlds. 440 00:23:24,103 --> 00:23:26,072 In the Vedic text, 441 00:23:26,105 --> 00:23:29,141 uh, what is found is called "Vajra." 442 00:23:29,175 --> 00:23:31,944 "Vajra" means thunderbolt. 443 00:23:31,978 --> 00:23:34,547 And this is a very powerful weapon 444 00:23:34,581 --> 00:23:37,684 that God Indra carries. 445 00:23:37,717 --> 00:23:40,086 And it was a special weapon that was designed 446 00:23:40,119 --> 00:23:44,223 to destroy this giant called Vritra. 447 00:23:44,256 --> 00:23:48,094 Vritra represented the dark force. 448 00:23:48,127 --> 00:23:51,698 And then he was creating havoc in the universe. 449 00:23:51,731 --> 00:23:53,966 So he had to be destroyed. 450 00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:56,469 And Indra used this weapon 451 00:23:56,503 --> 00:23:59,071 to destroy this giant. 452 00:23:59,105 --> 00:24:03,710 CHILDRESS: Vajra is this super lightning bolt strike 453 00:24:03,743 --> 00:24:06,979 that devastates everything 454 00:24:07,013 --> 00:24:11,851 and is the most destructive weapon that the gods have. 455 00:24:11,884 --> 00:24:16,489 And if you look on Mars that scar appears to be 456 00:24:16,523 --> 00:24:20,993 from some huge electric strike. 457 00:24:21,027 --> 00:24:23,930 Perhaps this Vajra weapon of Indra 458 00:24:23,963 --> 00:24:26,198 that is hitting the planet 459 00:24:26,232 --> 00:24:30,102 and creating a huge canyon 460 00:24:30,136 --> 00:24:32,639 and may be what 461 00:24:32,672 --> 00:24:35,908 really changed Mars. 462 00:24:35,942 --> 00:24:38,678 It would seem that these weapons 463 00:24:38,711 --> 00:24:41,848 are extraterrestrial in nature. 464 00:24:44,250 --> 00:24:46,118 NARRATOR: Could the Vajra described 465 00:24:46,152 --> 00:24:48,755 in the ancient Vedic texts 466 00:24:48,788 --> 00:24:52,158 be a super weapon used against the planet? 467 00:24:52,191 --> 00:24:55,628 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 468 00:24:55,662 --> 00:24:58,631 and suggest there is even evidence 469 00:24:58,665 --> 00:25:00,767 of other weapons of mass destruction 470 00:25:00,800 --> 00:25:04,771 being detonated on the Red Planet. 471 00:25:06,739 --> 00:25:09,041 In a 2014 paper 472 00:25:09,075 --> 00:25:11,911 published in The Journal of Cosmology, 473 00:25:11,944 --> 00:25:14,647 physicist Dr. John Brandenburg 474 00:25:14,681 --> 00:25:16,749 presented findings indicating 475 00:25:16,783 --> 00:25:19,085 that someone or something 476 00:25:19,118 --> 00:25:20,653 wiped out life on Mars 477 00:25:20,687 --> 00:25:24,624 with massive nuclear explosions. 478 00:25:24,657 --> 00:25:28,227 BRANDENBURG: There's an enormous spike in xenon 129 479 00:25:28,260 --> 00:25:30,830 in the Martian atmosphere. 480 00:25:30,863 --> 00:25:33,332 Xenon 129 is produced 481 00:25:33,365 --> 00:25:36,803 by very violent nuclear reactions. 482 00:25:36,836 --> 00:25:39,939 I originally proposed as an explanation 483 00:25:39,972 --> 00:25:43,743 that this was a natural nuclear reactor that had gone unstable. 484 00:25:43,776 --> 00:25:46,713 However, as I talked to more scientists, 485 00:25:46,746 --> 00:25:50,149 they said the xenon spectrum is wrong. 486 00:25:50,182 --> 00:25:52,051 That is weapon signature. 487 00:25:52,084 --> 00:25:55,822 That is not from any kind of natural nuclear reactor. 488 00:25:55,855 --> 00:25:58,257 The pattern of radiation 489 00:25:58,290 --> 00:26:01,127 on the Mars surface indicates 490 00:26:01,160 --> 00:26:04,196 that there is a global debris pattern 491 00:26:04,230 --> 00:26:06,733 extending from two hot spots of radiation 492 00:26:06,766 --> 00:26:08,901 in the north of Mars 493 00:26:08,935 --> 00:26:11,638 going all the way around the planet. 494 00:26:11,671 --> 00:26:15,241 The regions of the residual radioactivity 495 00:26:15,274 --> 00:26:18,177 are covered in glass-- 496 00:26:18,210 --> 00:26:21,013 the same sort of acid-etched glass 497 00:26:21,047 --> 00:26:23,282 that was found at nuclear test sites. 498 00:26:23,315 --> 00:26:25,151 It's called trinitite. 499 00:26:25,184 --> 00:26:27,754 So thousands of square miles of Mars' surface 500 00:26:27,787 --> 00:26:29,956 apparently were turned to glass. 501 00:26:29,989 --> 00:26:34,727 Someone apparently dropped two massive nuclear weapons on Mars 502 00:26:34,761 --> 00:26:36,896 to explode in mid-air. 503 00:26:36,929 --> 00:26:38,998 There's no natural phenomenon 504 00:26:39,031 --> 00:26:43,302 that can account for this nuclear data. 505 00:26:43,335 --> 00:26:45,672 So we must go to Mars. 506 00:26:45,705 --> 00:26:48,775 We must find out exactly what happened there. 507 00:26:48,808 --> 00:26:53,179 NARRATOR: Are there really tell-tale signs 508 00:26:53,212 --> 00:26:56,883 of orchestrated mass destruction on Mars? 509 00:26:56,916 --> 00:26:59,786 If so, might some of the survivors 510 00:26:59,819 --> 00:27:02,354 have made it to Earth? 511 00:27:02,388 --> 00:27:05,424 Perhaps further evidence can be found 512 00:27:05,457 --> 00:27:08,294 by examining the landscape of Mars, 513 00:27:08,327 --> 00:27:11,030 and its mysterious formations 514 00:27:11,063 --> 00:27:14,667 that some say are alien artifacts. 515 00:27:25,745 --> 00:27:27,880 NARRATOR: 554 solar days 516 00:27:27,914 --> 00:27:32,018 after the Mars Curiosity Rover touched down, 517 00:27:32,051 --> 00:27:34,086 it beams its latest high-resolution 518 00:27:34,120 --> 00:27:38,290 panoramic photographs of the Mars landscape to Earth. 519 00:27:39,491 --> 00:27:42,428 Upon inspection, amateur archaeologists 520 00:27:42,461 --> 00:27:44,964 announce a startling discovery-- 521 00:27:44,997 --> 00:27:46,999 what appears to be an effigy 522 00:27:47,033 --> 00:27:49,035 located at the Dingo Gap, 523 00:27:49,068 --> 00:27:52,038 resembling a human statue. 524 00:27:52,071 --> 00:27:56,375 The find is just one of the dozens 525 00:27:56,408 --> 00:28:01,213 of strange earth-like objects sighted in the Rover images-- 526 00:28:01,247 --> 00:28:06,118 including a sarcophagus... 527 00:28:06,152 --> 00:28:08,454 a Buddha statue... 528 00:28:11,390 --> 00:28:14,961 ...and even a cross. 529 00:28:14,994 --> 00:28:16,729 BARA: There are a lot 530 00:28:16,763 --> 00:28:18,430 of different objects on Mars that people see, 531 00:28:18,464 --> 00:28:21,067 or think they see, in various rover images. 532 00:28:21,100 --> 00:28:23,469 And it's really hard to dismiss them, 533 00:28:23,502 --> 00:28:25,337 because they do look exactly 534 00:28:25,371 --> 00:28:27,807 like sculptures that human beings make. 535 00:28:27,840 --> 00:28:30,977 And even after a massive cataclysm, 536 00:28:31,010 --> 00:28:32,945 like what apparently took place on Mars, 537 00:28:32,979 --> 00:28:35,948 you're gonna find remnants from a lost civilization 538 00:28:35,982 --> 00:28:39,051 that's just leaving behind those last hints that 539 00:28:39,085 --> 00:28:40,486 we were here. 540 00:28:40,519 --> 00:28:43,956 NARRATOR: Ancient astronaut theorists 541 00:28:43,990 --> 00:28:45,958 have considered that there may be 542 00:28:45,992 --> 00:28:49,862 artifacts and unnatural structures on Mars 543 00:28:49,896 --> 00:28:51,497 since the first images where beamed back 544 00:28:51,530 --> 00:28:53,532 from the Mars Viking Mission 545 00:28:53,565 --> 00:28:56,803 in 1979. 546 00:28:56,836 --> 00:29:00,206 NASA officials claim the perceived likeness 547 00:29:00,239 --> 00:29:02,875 of formations on Mars to man-made objects 548 00:29:02,909 --> 00:29:05,311 is due to Pareidolia, 549 00:29:05,344 --> 00:29:08,114 where the mind perceives a familiar pattern, 550 00:29:08,147 --> 00:29:11,417 like seeing shapes in clouds. 551 00:29:11,450 --> 00:29:14,987 But some imaging experts are not convinced 552 00:29:15,021 --> 00:29:18,190 that it's just a trick of the eye. 553 00:29:18,224 --> 00:29:20,126 Joe White has been working 554 00:29:20,159 --> 00:29:23,195 in image restoration for 25 years, 555 00:29:23,229 --> 00:29:26,265 and claims to have found artifacts on the Martian surface 556 00:29:26,298 --> 00:29:28,400 that defy explanation. 557 00:29:28,434 --> 00:29:30,169 JOE WHITE: The Rover images 558 00:29:30,202 --> 00:29:32,538 are generally fairly close-up, and it is possible 559 00:29:32,571 --> 00:29:36,142 to spot things like statue heads and stone blocks, 560 00:29:36,175 --> 00:29:39,879 sometimes with writing on and carvings in them. 561 00:29:39,912 --> 00:29:43,315 It's such a shame they, they do so much to destroy these images. 562 00:29:43,349 --> 00:29:45,184 But basically what they do is they resize them down 563 00:29:45,217 --> 00:29:47,019 so that the detail's all lost. 564 00:29:47,053 --> 00:29:49,021 But because I've worked in photographic restoration, 565 00:29:49,055 --> 00:29:50,890 I know how to do it. 566 00:29:50,923 --> 00:29:52,558 All I've done with this is actually enhanced the contrast 567 00:29:52,591 --> 00:29:54,160 and sharpened it a little bit. 568 00:29:54,193 --> 00:29:56,495 The details I noticed first were 569 00:29:56,528 --> 00:29:58,430 particularly the eye and nose details 570 00:29:58,464 --> 00:30:01,533 on the front of the, of the, the statue on the left here 571 00:30:01,567 --> 00:30:04,170 with a very quite clear mouth structure 572 00:30:04,203 --> 00:30:07,840 and what looks like an ear, just here. 573 00:30:07,874 --> 00:30:12,178 And you have a long narrow elongated cone head shape 574 00:30:12,211 --> 00:30:14,313 to the statue. 575 00:30:14,346 --> 00:30:16,615 Now this may well be an elaborate headdress 576 00:30:16,648 --> 00:30:19,351 on this statue here, which seems to be broken off. 577 00:30:19,385 --> 00:30:21,053 But it's hard to say for sure. 578 00:30:21,087 --> 00:30:22,588 I mean this is a, it's a damaged statue, 579 00:30:22,621 --> 00:30:24,924 buried up to its chin 580 00:30:24,957 --> 00:30:27,326 and there's probably a lot more of it 581 00:30:27,359 --> 00:30:29,061 buried just below in the sand. 582 00:30:29,095 --> 00:30:30,930 But you can actually see quite clearly 583 00:30:30,963 --> 00:30:32,498 it's the sort of thing you would expect to find 584 00:30:32,531 --> 00:30:35,334 somewhere like Central or South America. 585 00:30:38,170 --> 00:30:41,073 NARRATOR: Might there actually be ruins of a lost civilization 586 00:30:41,107 --> 00:30:45,945 scattered across the Martian landscape? 587 00:30:45,978 --> 00:30:50,482 Ruins that mirror those that exist on our own planet? 588 00:30:50,516 --> 00:30:54,253 Ancient Astronaut theorists say yes, 589 00:30:54,286 --> 00:30:56,488 and propose that this is 590 00:30:56,522 --> 00:30:59,358 one of many artifacts on Mars 591 00:30:59,391 --> 00:31:03,429 that seem to have counterparts on our Earth. 592 00:31:03,462 --> 00:31:07,233 Certain structures on Mars may be completely 593 00:31:07,266 --> 00:31:10,236 related to structures here on Earth. 594 00:31:10,269 --> 00:31:14,606 On Mars, we have structures that look like pyramids. 595 00:31:14,640 --> 00:31:17,209 There are standing stones 596 00:31:17,243 --> 00:31:21,380 and Stonehenge-type of structures on Mars. 597 00:31:21,413 --> 00:31:25,918 There's also a structure on Mars that looks like a Sphinx. 598 00:31:28,520 --> 00:31:31,257 BARA: Around Cydonia, there are many, many objects, 599 00:31:31,290 --> 00:31:33,159 including an area called "the city," 600 00:31:33,192 --> 00:31:36,295 where the so-called face on Mars is located. 601 00:31:36,328 --> 00:31:38,998 There's a massive pentagonal pyramid. 602 00:31:39,031 --> 00:31:41,700 There's a cluster of other pyramidal objects 603 00:31:41,733 --> 00:31:43,402 that are nearby. 604 00:31:43,435 --> 00:31:45,404 And one of the things that's really interesting 605 00:31:45,437 --> 00:31:47,439 about the city is that some people have pointed out that 606 00:31:47,473 --> 00:31:50,542 if you take the apex of all of the pyramidal structures there-- 607 00:31:50,576 --> 00:31:52,311 and there are number of them-- 608 00:31:52,344 --> 00:31:55,714 that they basically match the layout of the Pleiades. 609 00:31:55,747 --> 00:31:58,484 Now, this is something that we've seen here on Earth. 610 00:31:58,517 --> 00:32:01,553 We've seen various ancient architectural monuments 611 00:32:01,587 --> 00:32:03,355 that are also laid out to reflect 612 00:32:03,389 --> 00:32:05,657 the constellation of the Pleiades. 613 00:32:05,691 --> 00:32:08,694 TSOUKALOS: Is it possible that the structures on Mars 614 00:32:08,727 --> 00:32:12,098 are real and of artificial origin? 615 00:32:12,131 --> 00:32:14,967 That is something where all of science says, 616 00:32:15,001 --> 00:32:16,735 "No, impossible." 617 00:32:16,768 --> 00:32:18,637 Well, is it really? 618 00:32:18,670 --> 00:32:21,173 Water on Mars-- impossible, right? 619 00:32:21,207 --> 00:32:23,042 No, it has been proven. 620 00:32:23,075 --> 00:32:25,444 So we have to ask ourselves 621 00:32:25,477 --> 00:32:29,115 what civilization built this? 622 00:32:29,148 --> 00:32:31,250 And what happened to them? 623 00:32:31,283 --> 00:32:35,654 And some have suggested that they actually escaped Mars 624 00:32:35,687 --> 00:32:40,092 and came to Earth to ensure their survival. 625 00:32:40,126 --> 00:32:42,328 HENRY: When we look to these extraordinary structures 626 00:32:42,361 --> 00:32:46,432 on Earth, similar to what we're now seeing on Mars, 627 00:32:46,465 --> 00:32:49,101 it makes you wonder did our ancient extraterrestrial 628 00:32:49,135 --> 00:32:53,472 ancestors teach humans how to build these monuments? 629 00:32:53,505 --> 00:32:56,475 And knowing that one day, we would rediscover our roots 630 00:32:56,508 --> 00:32:59,745 on Mars and be able to match up what we've done on Earth 631 00:32:59,778 --> 00:33:02,214 with what we had already done on Mars. 632 00:33:02,248 --> 00:33:06,352 NARRATOR: Might the various structures and artifacts 633 00:33:06,385 --> 00:33:09,288 found on the surface of Mars 634 00:33:09,321 --> 00:33:12,624 really be evidence of a past Martian civilization? 635 00:33:12,658 --> 00:33:17,496 A civilization that was recreated on Earth? 636 00:33:19,498 --> 00:33:23,635 If so, why would NASA try to hide this connection? 637 00:33:23,669 --> 00:33:26,038 And might there be more 638 00:33:26,072 --> 00:33:28,640 that the public isn't being told? 639 00:33:33,412 --> 00:33:37,549 NARRATOR: The $2.5 billion Mars Curiosity 640 00:33:37,583 --> 00:33:42,288 is the most advanced rover yet to explore the Martian terrain. 641 00:33:42,321 --> 00:33:46,158 Beyond obtaining high-resolution photographs, 642 00:33:46,192 --> 00:33:48,460 as well as soil and air samples, 643 00:33:48,494 --> 00:33:52,431 as it travels across the surface of the planet-- 644 00:33:52,464 --> 00:33:55,067 it is also able to turn the camera on itself. 645 00:33:55,101 --> 00:33:58,604 A feature that enables engineers at NASA 646 00:33:58,637 --> 00:34:02,741 to diagnose and troubleshoot issues from Earth. 647 00:34:02,774 --> 00:34:06,678 Curiously, 50 solar days into its mission, 648 00:34:06,712 --> 00:34:11,083 the rover beamed a mysterious photograph back to Earth 649 00:34:11,117 --> 00:34:13,619 showing what appeared to some researchers 650 00:34:13,652 --> 00:34:16,622 to be the shadow of a human-like figure 651 00:34:16,655 --> 00:34:19,525 working on the Rover. 652 00:34:19,558 --> 00:34:21,560 CHILDRESS: You could see a person there. 653 00:34:21,593 --> 00:34:25,097 And even it seemed that he was not wearing a helmet, 654 00:34:25,131 --> 00:34:29,201 but was in some kind of gear and goggles. 655 00:34:29,235 --> 00:34:33,405 And it made people speculate that what might be going on 656 00:34:33,439 --> 00:34:36,608 on Mars is more than what NASA 657 00:34:36,642 --> 00:34:39,778 and also the military space program 658 00:34:39,811 --> 00:34:43,215 has said that we can achieve. 659 00:34:43,249 --> 00:34:46,418 BARA: NASA knows so much more about Mars 660 00:34:46,452 --> 00:34:47,519 than they are telling us. 661 00:34:47,553 --> 00:34:49,221 They put pictures out. 662 00:34:49,255 --> 00:34:50,656 They allow things to come out. 663 00:34:50,689 --> 00:34:52,624 They do not comment on them, in general, 664 00:34:52,658 --> 00:34:55,761 but they just allow people with eyes, who want to see, 665 00:34:55,794 --> 00:34:57,663 to look at these things and understand what they are. 666 00:34:57,696 --> 00:35:00,366 But they don't say anything about it, 667 00:35:00,399 --> 00:35:04,670 because they are constrained by the political realities. 668 00:35:04,703 --> 00:35:06,372 NOORY: A couple of years go, 669 00:35:06,405 --> 00:35:08,240 we got a call from a person named Jackie, 670 00:35:08,274 --> 00:35:11,643 who claimed that she was a former NASA employee. 671 00:35:11,677 --> 00:35:14,246 And she went on with this profound story 672 00:35:14,280 --> 00:35:17,249 about how our rovers 673 00:35:17,283 --> 00:35:20,352 had sent back pictures that NASA has suppressed 674 00:35:20,386 --> 00:35:25,257 of humans on Mars walking around. 675 00:35:25,291 --> 00:35:26,792 And she was very compelling. 676 00:35:26,825 --> 00:35:30,162 She seemed to know exactly what she was talking about. 677 00:35:30,196 --> 00:35:33,799 There's always been a theory that there's a space program 678 00:35:33,832 --> 00:35:36,835 beyond the space program that we know. 679 00:35:36,868 --> 00:35:38,804 It's a black ops program. 680 00:35:38,837 --> 00:35:42,541 It's the program where trillions of dollars merely disappear, 681 00:35:42,574 --> 00:35:45,577 and nobody knows where the money went. 682 00:35:45,611 --> 00:35:47,946 And nobody knows what's going on. 683 00:35:47,979 --> 00:35:51,283 BARA: A Scottish hacker named Gary McKinnon 684 00:35:51,317 --> 00:35:53,419 actually hacked into the NASA database, 685 00:35:53,452 --> 00:35:55,454 and discovered a file, which contained a list 686 00:35:55,487 --> 00:35:57,889 of what were called non-terrestrial officers-- 687 00:35:57,923 --> 00:35:59,758 officers in the military that were actually 688 00:35:59,791 --> 00:36:02,494 living and working off of the planet Earth. 689 00:36:02,528 --> 00:36:05,697 Now, "non-terrestrial" doesn't necessarily mean "Mars." 690 00:36:05,731 --> 00:36:07,666 But it does mean "out in space." 691 00:36:07,699 --> 00:36:09,968 And what that indicates is that there is some kind 692 00:36:10,001 --> 00:36:11,870 of top-secret space program 693 00:36:11,903 --> 00:36:13,905 that exists that the public doesn't know about. 694 00:36:15,674 --> 00:36:17,309 NARRATOR: Could there really be 695 00:36:17,343 --> 00:36:20,679 a secret U.S. military operation on Mars? 696 00:36:20,712 --> 00:36:25,317 If so, just how long has it been going on? 697 00:36:25,351 --> 00:36:29,588 Some researchers suggest that a feasible plan 698 00:36:29,621 --> 00:36:32,458 to get to Mars was conceived 699 00:36:32,491 --> 00:36:35,294 well before we even made it to the moon 700 00:36:35,327 --> 00:36:38,764 and by the same scientist that got us there. 701 00:36:38,797 --> 00:36:41,733 PETRANEK: Wernher Von Braun was a rocket genius, 702 00:36:41,767 --> 00:36:44,603 and he was obsessed with going to Mars. 703 00:36:44,636 --> 00:36:46,538 He was obsessed with rocketry. 704 00:36:46,572 --> 00:36:50,242 And he wrote a book in 1948 called The Mars Project. 705 00:36:50,276 --> 00:36:53,779 And it's basically a 91-page manual on how to get to Mars. 706 00:36:53,812 --> 00:36:56,582 It has all the computations worked out, 707 00:36:56,615 --> 00:36:59,885 all the formulas for what home and transfer orbits 708 00:36:59,918 --> 00:37:01,887 you need to use to get to Mars. 709 00:37:01,920 --> 00:37:03,955 He actually projected 710 00:37:03,989 --> 00:37:07,393 that he could put people on Mars by 1965. 711 00:37:07,426 --> 00:37:09,628 Everything he put in that 91-page manual 712 00:37:09,661 --> 00:37:12,364 is actually still valid today. 713 00:37:12,398 --> 00:37:16,402 NOORY: Wernher Von Braun outlined our plan 714 00:37:16,435 --> 00:37:18,537 to go to Mars and colonize it. 715 00:37:18,570 --> 00:37:22,374 Well, everybody thinks, "Well, we just never did that." 716 00:37:22,408 --> 00:37:25,377 There are other people that think we took his playbook 717 00:37:25,411 --> 00:37:27,879 and that we indeed did colonize Mars, 718 00:37:27,913 --> 00:37:30,649 and that we have a colony of astronauts there 719 00:37:30,682 --> 00:37:34,886 right now under his tutelage when he was alive. 720 00:37:34,920 --> 00:37:37,389 DAVID WILCOCK: There's compelling evidence 721 00:37:37,423 --> 00:37:39,925 that Von Braun was working secretly 722 00:37:39,958 --> 00:37:41,860 with elements of the U.S. government 723 00:37:41,893 --> 00:37:44,796 in an attempt to try to make it to Mars. 724 00:37:44,830 --> 00:37:49,067 Is it possible that was done? 725 00:37:49,100 --> 00:37:51,069 Do you think it's possible that the government 726 00:37:51,102 --> 00:37:52,538 could keep something a secret? 727 00:37:52,571 --> 00:37:53,805 Absolutely. 728 00:37:53,839 --> 00:37:55,841 Go back to the Manhattan Project. 729 00:37:55,874 --> 00:37:59,077 When they developed the nuclear bomb, there was over 730 00:37:59,110 --> 00:38:03,582 140,000 personnel involved in that program. 731 00:38:03,615 --> 00:38:05,984 No one squealed. 732 00:38:06,017 --> 00:38:07,553 No one said what they were doing 733 00:38:07,586 --> 00:38:09,955 and many of those people were unaware of what 734 00:38:09,988 --> 00:38:13,492 they were working on until the bomb itself was detonated. 735 00:38:13,525 --> 00:38:16,495 So Von Braun could've been working 736 00:38:16,528 --> 00:38:18,497 on a secret Mars program, 737 00:38:18,530 --> 00:38:19,998 and with the same level of secrecy 738 00:38:20,031 --> 00:38:21,833 as the Manhattan Project, 739 00:38:21,867 --> 00:38:24,636 it still to this day could be highly classified 740 00:38:24,670 --> 00:38:28,106 and never released to the public at large. 741 00:38:28,139 --> 00:38:32,010 NARRATOR: Werner Von Braun's genius is credited 742 00:38:32,043 --> 00:38:36,848 with being the reason we ever made it to the moon. 743 00:38:36,882 --> 00:38:41,086 Might he also have orchestrated a secret mission to Mars? 744 00:38:41,119 --> 00:38:45,323 And if so, what was its purpose? 745 00:38:50,662 --> 00:38:52,063 NARRATOR: Torrance, California, 746 00:38:52,097 --> 00:38:54,966 2015. 747 00:38:55,000 --> 00:38:59,571 The board members of a private space agency lead by Elon Musk, 748 00:38:59,605 --> 00:39:01,573 Space X, 749 00:39:01,607 --> 00:39:04,710 announce that the explicit aim of the organization 750 00:39:04,743 --> 00:39:09,080 is and always has been to help humanity colonize Mars. 751 00:39:09,114 --> 00:39:11,417 ELON MUSK: I do think it is important 752 00:39:11,450 --> 00:39:14,085 that we as a species, as a civilization, 753 00:39:14,119 --> 00:39:17,956 are on a path to become a true space-far-- 754 00:39:17,989 --> 00:39:21,527 a true space-faring civilization and a multi-planet species. 755 00:39:21,560 --> 00:39:23,061 Elon Musk's position is that humans 756 00:39:23,094 --> 00:39:27,065 cannot survive indefinitely on Earth, 757 00:39:27,098 --> 00:39:29,701 and there are a lot of threats to the continuation 758 00:39:29,735 --> 00:39:31,136 of human life on Earth-- 759 00:39:31,169 --> 00:39:33,805 both from what we're doing to our own planet, 760 00:39:33,839 --> 00:39:36,174 but also from things like asteroids. 761 00:39:36,207 --> 00:39:38,544 We get a single hit from an asteroid that's as big 762 00:39:38,577 --> 00:39:41,813 as the one that took out the dinosaurs. 763 00:39:41,847 --> 00:39:45,417 And that, by the way, is a 100% probability 764 00:39:45,451 --> 00:39:49,087 that that is going to happen, sooner or later. 765 00:39:49,120 --> 00:39:52,591 Going to Mars, it's a survival instinct. 766 00:39:52,624 --> 00:39:54,960 It's something we know, it's somewhere 767 00:39:54,993 --> 00:39:58,897 in the back of our brains that we have to do or we die. 768 00:40:01,132 --> 00:40:05,203 BARA: I think that's the message of the ruins of Mars is that 769 00:40:05,236 --> 00:40:07,739 this can happen to you. 770 00:40:07,773 --> 00:40:10,141 And you should think about, as a species, 771 00:40:10,175 --> 00:40:13,745 ways to ensure that the human race is not wiped out, 772 00:40:13,779 --> 00:40:15,847 because despite our flaws, we're a very 773 00:40:15,881 --> 00:40:19,785 noble, powerful, important part of this universe. 774 00:40:19,818 --> 00:40:22,588 CHILDRESS: It's something that will take us 775 00:40:22,621 --> 00:40:25,724 back to our very beginnings. 776 00:40:25,757 --> 00:40:29,461 And here we'll be really following in the footsteps 777 00:40:29,495 --> 00:40:33,899 of the ancient astronauts, who came to Earth. 778 00:40:33,932 --> 00:40:37,603 And ultimately, we will be like them, 779 00:40:37,636 --> 00:40:40,138 being the extraterrestrials ourselves 780 00:40:40,171 --> 00:40:44,009 and colonizing a foreign planet. 781 00:40:44,042 --> 00:40:47,746 HENRY: When we colonize Mars, 782 00:40:47,779 --> 00:40:49,848 it's a retracing of ancient footsteps. 783 00:40:49,881 --> 00:40:52,784 It will be a reconnection and a remembering 784 00:40:52,818 --> 00:40:55,487 of where we came from. 785 00:40:55,521 --> 00:40:58,624 And it may be that colonizing Mars 786 00:40:58,657 --> 00:41:01,459 will be our ultimate salvation. 787 00:41:03,962 --> 00:41:07,165 TSOUKALOS: Mars is a very, very logical point, 788 00:41:07,198 --> 00:41:11,870 if life on Earth ever should become impossible, 789 00:41:11,903 --> 00:41:16,642 that's our next step where to go if the survival of our species 790 00:41:16,675 --> 00:41:18,677 is at the forefront. 791 00:41:18,710 --> 00:41:21,913 Because maybe that's where we came from. 792 00:41:21,947 --> 00:41:25,083 So maybe we earthlings are the Martians. 793 00:41:25,116 --> 00:41:28,820 Then the question is 794 00:41:28,854 --> 00:41:31,189 has this game been going back and forth 795 00:41:31,222 --> 00:41:33,992 for hundreds of thousands of years? 796 00:41:34,025 --> 00:41:37,062 NARRATOR: Is it possible 797 00:41:37,095 --> 00:41:39,197 that the colonization of Mars 798 00:41:39,230 --> 00:41:42,934 is the key to our continued survival? 799 00:41:42,968 --> 00:41:45,637 And if so, have we stood 800 00:41:45,671 --> 00:41:48,073 on this precipice before? 801 00:41:48,106 --> 00:41:50,842 Could there have been a human presence 802 00:41:50,876 --> 00:41:54,112 on Mars thousands of years ago? 803 00:41:54,145 --> 00:41:56,882 Perhaps we will discover 804 00:41:56,915 --> 00:41:59,551 the truth about our alien ancestors 805 00:41:59,585 --> 00:42:02,253 when we become the extraterrestrials 806 00:42:02,287 --> 00:42:04,556 on Mars. 807 00:42:04,590 --> 00:42:07,292 CAPTIONING PROVIDED BY A+E NETWORKS 63213

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