Original subtitles

NARRATOR: Ancient monuments

precisely aligned to celestial events.

History written in stone honoring otherworldly rulers.

And a calendar accurately predicting shifts in the Earth's

axis every 26,000 years.

Did the Maya of Central America really create one of the most

advanced civilizations of ancient times?

Or did their intelligence originate from somewhere else,

perhaps out of this world?

MARK VAN STONE: They didn't have metal.

They didn't have electricity.

But what they did have is advanced mythology, advanced

language and advanced religious culture.

JON C. LOHSE: They understood astronomy to an incredible degree,

more so than any societies at the time.

PHILIP COPPENS: The Mayans were absolutely convinced that

timing was crucial because the gods were going to come back.

DAVID CHILDRESS: Lord Pakal's sarcophagus was his spaceship.

He's the original rocket man.

NARRATOR: Millions of people around the world believe we

have been visited in the past by extraterrestrial beings.

What if it were true?

Did ancient aliens really help to shape our history?

And if so, did they plot the success and demise of the

ancient Maya civilization?

Sync and corrections by bellows www.addic7ed.com

NARRATOR: Southern Mexico.

Surrounded by dense forests in the foothills of the Tumbala

Mountains lie the ruins of the ancient Mayan city of Palenque.

Established as early as 1800 BC, Palenque was one of the key

population centers of the ancient Maya civilization that

dominated present-day Central America for nearly 2,000 years.

Without metal tools, the wheel or pack animals, the Maya built

cities like Palenque across a vast region with incredible

architectural precision.

EDWIN BARNHART: There are a number of texts around the

Maya world that mention four cities in association with four directions.

Palenque is recognized in these texts as the Western capital of

the Maya world.

The southern one was Copan, the eastern one was Tikal, and the

northernmost one was Calakmul.

VAN STONE: What I find the most impressive about them is

that they were able to build a civilization out of the jungle.

Jungles have really thin topsoil, and for them to be able

to support a huge population, which is 20 or 30 times what the

population is in that area today, is amazing.

NARRATOR: Regarded by scholars as one of the most

sophisticated and complex civilizations in the ancient

world, Maya triumphs included numerous scientific achievements

in agriculture, engineering and astronomy.

VAN STONE: They didn't have a lot of things that we think of

as the hallmarks of advancement, but what they did have is

advanced mythology, advanced language and advanced religious culture.

CHILDRESS: The site of Palenque is still a vast

unexcavated site.

They think that only ten percent of this city has so far been

excavated by archaeologists.

The aqueduct system here at Palenque was very sophisticated,

and the Mayans were actually able to have water pressure by

siphoning water channels off of the main river.

All the Mayan cities had ball courts in them where they'd play

this celestial game where the players would knock a rubber

ball through a stone or wooden hoop.

It's thought that this is a representation of alignments of the sun.

COPPENS: When you start looking at all the various

cultures, whether it is the ancient Babylonians, the ancient

Egyptians or the Mayans, we now know that the people who were

by far the most advanced was the Mayans.

NARRATOR: According to mainstream historians, by the

ninth century, the great Maya cities were abandoned, and the

Maya people had vanished.

But why?

Many blame the disappearance of the Maya on war, overpopulation

and drought.

(thunderclap)

But might the Maya have left behind clues to suggest that

their origin and destiny had been plotted by otherworldly forces?

Archaeologist Alberto Lhuillier discovers the Pyramid Tomb of

King Pakal who ruled over the ancient Mayan city of Palenque

from 615 to 683.

During his nearly 70-year reign, Pakal transformed Palenque,

creating some of the most significant inscriptions and

monuments of the ancient Maya civilization.

GERARDO ALDANA: The city of Palenque was sacked by

the ruler of Calakmul.

So this was really tragic for the city itself.

And it sets the stage for Hanab Pakal himself, who becomes king

at a very early age, and then takes this city that's been

destroyed, and now brings it up to what becomes one of the most

important cities of the late classic period.

CHILDRESS: This is the famous Temple of the Inscriptions

behind me, perhaps the most famous pyramid in all of the Mayan world.

It was in 1948 that the French... Mexican archeologist, Alberto

Lhuillier began his excavations at the top of the Temple of Inscriptions.

What he found there was the famous staircase leading down

into the depths of the pyramid.

But the staircase was completely filled in with rubble of small

stones and dirt.

It took him four years to slowly excavate, step by step, down the

pyramid, until he finally came to the tomb of Lord Pakal and

the giant sarcophagus and lid that the pyramid were built around.

NARRATOR: Arguably the most remarkable Mayan artifact ever

found... the stone Sarcophagus Lid of King Pakal... has produced

considerable controversy.

Mainstream scholars believe the depiction is of King Pakal on a

journey to the underworld.

But ancient astronaut theorists believe the king is portrayed

seated at the controls of a spacecraft, and have dubbed him

"the Palenque astronaut."

CHILDRESS: He appears to be going into space.

He's the original rocket man... there manipulating his

spacecraft, going into space.

GIORGIO TSOUKALOS: We have maintained for a very long time

that the depiction here is of King Pakal sitting in some type

of a spacecraft, because he is at an angle... like modern-day

astronauts upon liftoff.

He's manipulating some controls right here.

He has some type of breathing apparatus or some type of a

telescope in front of his face.

His feet are on some type of a pedal, and down here, you have

something that looks like an exhaust with flames.

NARRATOR: In 2011 the strange carving on King Pakal's

sarcophagus lid was translated into a 3-D replica by model

maker Paul Francis.

PAUL FRANCIS: When I saw this, I instantly said, "There's

a guy in a space capsule."

You know, it doesn't need to be spelled out for me, I don't have

to find anything.

It was already there.

It was carved many, many years ago.

TSOUKALOS: I think this is absolutely extraordinary because

this is definitely one of the most compelling pieces in the

ancient astronaut theory, and to finally see Pakal as a 3-D

sculpture, to me, is a dream come true.

For the longest time we have said that what is on this Pakal

lid is not something symbolic.

It was something that the artist saw or was told about, and then

he or she tried to recreate this on a slab.

I love the craftsmanship.

I love how you, you know, at the bottom of the Palenque slab, you

see something like the flames... FRANCIS: It looks like, it

looks like fire, and...

TSOUKALOS: Exactly.

FRANCIS: I had to do a little interpretive.

- I put engine bells on instead of the flame. - Of course.

FRANCIS: But that's the thruster stage.

TSOUKALOS: I also love the detail that you have underneath

his right foot where his foot is resting on a pedestal, and that

is exactly what we can see on the Palenque slab.

And how his hands are manipulating some controls, and

also this kind of breathing apparatus that's going on in

front of his nose.

FRANCIS: The breathing apparatus is actually a very neat piece.

It's called the giver of life.

The soul transfers through this, and a giver of life to me would be air.

I mean, we breathe air.

This is a guy who needs this mask to survive.

TSOUKALOS: Because where is he?

FRANCIS: Outer space.

NARRATOR: Could the carving on the sarcophagus lid of King

Pakal really provide confirmation of the complicity

between Maya rulers and extraterrestrial forces, as

ancient astronaut theorists believe?

Perhaps further evidence can be found etched in stone throughout

Mesoamerica.

NARRATOR: The Palace of Palenque.

Discovered in the late 18th century by Spanish explorers,

this royal compound is the largest and most complex of

those found in the ancient city.

Researchers believe a four-story tower in the middle of the

palace was built so Mayan kings and priests could observe the

celestial movement of the sun and stars.

CHILDRESS: This is the main palace here at Palenque, and one

of the unusual features is its observatory, a huge tower to

watch the stars.

Also throughout the palace are these unusual T-shaped windows

and they've baffled archaeologists for centuries.

It's thought that perhaps they represent the wind god,

but it's also possible that these

T-shaped windows are pointing to the sky.

What was it that the rulers of Palenque were looking for?

NARRATOR: The tower at the Palace of Palenque is just one

of many celestial observatories built throughout the ancient

Maya territories.

LOHSE: Their practical system of astronomy was an

observational one, and so the design and construction of a lot

of buildings was intended to, to create these sight lines, to

create these vantages for observation to see and mark

important astronomical events.

COPPENS: We see that temples were aligned to specific moments

in time, and the equinoxes and the solstices are the most

important moments in time, so wherever we look, we see how

this knowledge of astronomy is incorporated into these

monuments.

DAVID CHEETHAM: Plazas were great places where people stood

and paid reverence to particular times of the year.

These were places that were aligned from time immemorial...

hundreds and hundreds of years... to make these specific

observations.

NARRATOR: But what... or perhaps who... were the Maya

looking for in the sky?

According to ancient astronaut theorists, the answer can be

found carved in stone.

TSOUKALOS: In Quiriguá, Guatemala, there is a national

park featuring zoo morphs.

Zoo morphs are these giant boulders that were carved into

different shapes.

Some of them depict crocodiles, some of them depict turtles.

But at the same time, the carvings are very reminiscent of

something technological in nature.

In fact, there is one boulder that we can see where this guy

is essentially sitting inside some type of cockpit.

Is it possible that this is nothing else but an artist's

rendering of something that they didn't understand because their

technological frame of reference was less advanced than our

technological frame of reference we have today?

NARRATOR: In the present-day Mexican state of Tabasco, near

the Gulf of Mexico, lie the ruins of a ceremonial center

called La Venta.

Here in 1862, oil riggers discovered four very large stone

heads in the Olmec area of Mesoamerica.

Since then, archaeologists have unearthed 13 more similar

sculptures that were carved as early as 850 BC.

Known as the colossal heads, scholars believe they depict the

Olmecs... an ancient civilization that many consider to be the

ancestors of the Maya.

LOHSE: One of the most striking aspects of Olmec art

and archeology are these colossal head sculptures, and

one of the hypotheses that's been put out to explain these is

that they were portraits of important rulers, kings,

shamans, important people in their society.

NARRATOR: But ancient astronaut theorists contend the

mysterious stone statues are proof of extraterrestrial

intervention in the distant past.

PETER FIEBAG (translated): Huge stone heads were found in

the Olmec area, which were beautifully made but then

ritually buried.

One asks, what is that?

Are these heads of rulers or priests, or were they maybe

aliens that they wanted to portray because they had unusual

facial features?

CHILDRESS: These guys are often wearing strange helmets,

and they look to be foreigners.

They appear to be from Africa and the Middle East and other

areas like that.

So what are they doing here in Central America?

You have this curious mix of different racial groups.

Are they coming with the sky gods?

Perhaps they, too, are the alien ETs.

TSOUKALOS: There is one statue that we can find that

clearly shows an Olmec wearing some type of a flight suit.

To me, this depicts nothing else but someone from Africa having

visited Central America in a type of a flight suit and with

some type of craft.

You've got the legs here like in a modern-day astronaut suit, and

there's also some type of a life

support pack that's on his chest.

There are six wings

and the head is clearly enclosed by a

skullcap similar to modern-day astronauts.

So what we have here, in my opinion, is nothing else but

depictions of physical extraterrestrial encounters

hundreds... and yes, even thousands... of years ago.

CHILDRESS: There is considerable evidence linking

the Mayans and the Olmecs to extraterrestrial beings.

You have it in La Venta, many of the Olmecs wearing curious masks.

Also at Tikal, they're wearing what look like space masks with

respirators.

You've got also flying beings who are hovering above certain

objects and things like that in the Mayan world.

These are the birdmen, the people who can fly.

NARRATOR: But do the stone sculptures really provide proof

that the Maya had early contact with star travelers, as ancient

astronaut theorists contend?

And might further evidence reveal a shocking truth, that

some ancient Maya rulers were themselves of otherworldly origin?

NARRATOR: Central America.

Here, in western Honduras, lie the impressive ruins of the

ancient Maya city of Copan.

And though Copan's temples, pyramids and monuments rank

among the most important of any Mayan sites, researchers looking

to explain the incredible achievements of the Maya have

been drawn to a 72-step structure known as the

Hieroglyphic Stairway.

PAYSON SHEETS: The Hieroglyphic Stairway at Copan

was constructed in the early 700s AD,

with the intent of writing out the history of Copan at that time.

And so it was designed as a public monument to the glory and

success of all the kings, from Yax K'uk Mo', all the way to the

13th one who commissioned it to be built.

NARRATOR: Carved into 1,200 stones in the massive monument,

the ancient Maya symbols, known as glyphs, make up what

historians believe is one of the oldest and most sophisticated

systems of writing.

But for centuries, the glyphs found throughout Mesoamerica

were undecipherable.

Then, in 1880, German librarian and anthropologist Ernst

Forstemann cracked the code.

VAN STONE: Ernst Forstemann was a librarian at Dresden.

And in his desk he kept one of the four Maya books, the Dresden Codex.

He was a brilliant mathematician and extremely logical and had

enormous insights.

And at a time when we couldn't read a single Maya hieroglyph,

he was able to figure out the Maya calligraphy.

ALDANA: Maya hieroglyphic writing is very robust, and

that's because it uses really two components.

There are logo graphs.

Logo graphs are really pictures that represent entire words.

So "Balaam," for example, which is "jaguar," could be written

with just the head of a jaguar.

On the other hand, we have these things that we call phonetic

complements.

And these are glyphs... they're images that represent sounds.

NARRATOR: According to interpretations of the

Hieroglyphic Stairway, the glyphs chronicle not only the

history but also the origin of the ancient Maya rulers.

ALDANA: The hieroglyphs are really attached to what was

important to royalty at the time, and that was lineage and

the genealogies of the kings.

They went out of their way to demonstrate how they were

connected to their ancestors and the gods of their ancestors, to

establish their right to rule.

SHEETS: This is a picture I took of the, of a close-up of a

sculpture of Uaxac Lahun Ubac C'awil, the 13th ruler of Copan.

And he's depicted here on the front, in all of his finery.

And then the sculptor put a hieroglyphic passage on the side.

We don't think commoners could read, but all the elites could

and the king could.

So, he or another elite individual could come here and

impress people by saying this demonstrates the semi-divinity

of our king and his power to

intercede between us and the heavens.

NARRATOR: But just what was the real source of power and

authority behind the Maya priests and kings?

Do the hieroglyphs reveal an otherworldly truth to their

origin, as the Maya themselves maintain?

Ancient astronaut theorists believe the answer is yes.

TSOUKALOS: What we have to think about today is, where did

the origin of the priesthood come from?

And the origin is nothing else but that they... the initial

cabal of priests... they were all in contact with

extraterrestrials, and that's why they were revered.

Our ancestors thought they were gods because they didn't

understand the nuts-and-bolts aspects behind those visits.

But when it all comes down to it, it was all a huge

misunderstanding and a way to keep the common people in place.

ERICH VON DANIKEN: In the beginning, the first ruler were

gods... real descendants from the sky, extraterrestrials.

But later, the priests and the rulers took the names of their ancestors' god.

So they made a secret and a kind of conspiracy around them,

because the normal people should give them offerings, should give

them gold, metal, all kinds of gifts, etc. , as they did

some centuries before for the real gods.

So it was a kind of conspiracy

among the priests and among the kings.

COPPENS: Mayan hieroglyphs specifically say that the Mayans

were absolutely convinced about the existence of otherworldly

beings, and that they actually believed that these beings

manifested themselves regularly at preordained moments of time.

NARRATOR: Perhaps further evidence of the Mayan belief in

the existence of extraterrestrial beings may be

found in their daily rituals of human sacrifice.

Scholars believe that blood offerings were seen as an act of

devotion to the Maya rulers, who were assumed to be descendants of the gods.

VAN STONE: We know that the Maya practiced blood sacrifice,

because they were still doing it when the Spanish came.

We have images on wall paintings, on vases and in

sculptures that show people letting their own blood and

sacrificing other people.

CHILDRESS: The Mayans had a complex pantheon, which involved

gods from the sky, and the rulers were supposed to be

descendants of these gods.

And they believed that these gods demanded sacrifices of

them, and that their blood, the blood of their kings, was the

ideal sacrifice for the gods.

Later, the Mayans began to take captives, particularly other

royal captives, and execute them, using their blood as the

gift to the gods.

ADRIAN GILBERT: The ancient Maya were particularly worried

that jaguar gods had come to Earth from somewhere else and

had instructed them, and in return they had to make

sacrifices to the jaguar gods.

In particular, heart sacrifices.

COPPENS: We see hundreds, if not thousands, of people being

dragged up the pyramids and really sacrificed.

Definitely there is this absolute belief that the Mayans

needed the intervention of the gods, and they believed that

somehow sacrificing human beings was gonna bring back the gods.

GEORGE NOORY: It's very possible that this civilization,

as cultured as they seem to have been, were also pretty barbaric.

And this could have been their way of trying to

offer the gods something.

TSOUKALOS: Blood sacrifice was nothing else but an act of

desperation to bring about the return of the extraterrestrials,

because one thing is crystal clear: In every single ancient

culture, there is a promise of a return in the future of those gods.

Blood sacrifice was something that we humans did ourselves

because we didn't understand that what we dealt with was

nothing else but flesh and blood space travelers instead of real

or actual gods.

NARRATOR: But why did the Maya believe they were

connected to the gods by blood?

Might there have been evidence within their DNA that could link

the lineage of Maya kings to otherworldly beings, as ancient

astronaut theorists believe?

And if so, is it possible that otherworldly visitors may have

stayed behind and assumed the role of Maya kings?

Perhaps the answer can be found, not by examining the ancient

remains of the Maya, but by studying their creation myths.

NARRATOR: Chicago, Illinois.

Housed here, in the Newberry Library, is the Mayan manuscript

known as the Popol Vuh.

Literally translated as "the book of the people," it is a

collection of Maya oral histories passed on through the ages.

Written in the mid-16th century, this incredible book encompasses

a range of subjects including those involving Mayan creation myths.

INGA CALVIN: The Popol Vuh talks about the creation of the universe.

It talks about the fact that in the beginning all was darkness.

There was a primordial sea.

And then these creators, male and female, spoke the word,

and with the word, the Earth was

created and animals were created.

VAN STONE: It's sort of like the combination of the book of

Genesis and the book of Chronicles in the Bible.

It's a story of battles between the gods, and then it connects

the creation of the world with the present day through the

kings of the K'iche.

It's really the only complete Maya creation myth that we have.

COPPENS: What they were saying was that a framework was

created... that certain deities manifested themselves physically

and made decisions as to what was going to happen.

In the case of the Mayans, this was a choice as to where the

Mayans were going to live, as well as the selection of certain sacred sites.

NARRATOR: Throughout the ancient world, there have been

numerous similar myths of otherworldly beings coming to

Earth and interacting with some of the earliest humans.

Most mainstream historians believe these stories represent

only religious and spiritual beliefs.

But is it possible, as ancient astronaut theorists believe,

that the Popol Vuh, as well as other ancient creation tales,

represents actual evidence of contact with extraterrestrials

in the distant past?

According to the translations of hieroglyphs found at numerous

ancient Mayan cities, Kukulkan, or the great feathered serpent,

was the god who brought knowledge to the Maya.

LOGAN HAWKES: When we talk about the Mayan gods, we know

that the most important god to them was the plumed serpent, or

Kukulkan.

We see his image all across the Mayan world.

We see it on great carved images on stone.

Kukulkan is often depicted as a plumed serpent, some would say

a dragon or a snake with wings.

That leads some to believe that Kukulkan may have descended

from the sky.

VON DANIKEN: Now, the Maya were living in the jungle.

The Maya knew that the snake could not fly, but this snake,

this serpent, could fly.

The oldest Maya histories tell that Kukulkan was the teacher of young Maya.

He had chosen eight boys in the age between seven and 12, and

he'd teach these eight boys in mathematics, in astronomy, in

all kind of science.

And later, Kukulkan disappeared with the promise that he will

return in the faraway future.

These boys had become the first priests and the first teachers

again for the Maya.

HUGH NEWMAN: Some of the legends state that he appeared

along the Gulf Coast on a raft of serpents, and he spread his

high knowledge through that part of the country.

Even today in some of the Mayan cultures, he's revered as this

great god that brought all these teachings and civilization to

their part of the world.

And yet, no one knows who he was or where he came from.

NARRATOR: Strangely, depictions of a winged serpent

god can be found all around the ancient world.

In India, the epic text of the Mahabharata details the ancient

account of sky beings known as Nagas.

Dating as far back as 2500 BC, the half-human and half-serpent

entities look nearly identical to the Mayan Kukulkan.

And ancient Chinese mythology from the fifth millennium BC

describe flying dragons that are eerily similar to the

serpent god depicted in Mesoamerica.

ANDREW COLLINS: To the peoples that preceded the Inca

in Peru, similar ideas were put upon characters like

Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent, who was this wisdom

bringer, sometimes said to have come down from the sky world.

And once again, bringing the rudiments of civilization to the

peoples of Central America.

HAWKES: There is a common thread among many ancient

cultures of the Americas when it comes to plumed serpent god.

The Cherokee, for example, believe that time... their

calendar... is based upon a rattlesnake that they can see in

the night sky, perhaps a constellation.

So, the idea of a serpent or a snake or a dragon is common

among many ancient cultures, and not just the Maya or the

Mesoamericans.

COPPENS: The snake is the giver of wisdom in so many

cultures, and it gives the tools of civilization... working with

metals, working with other instruments, certain knowledge,

certain aspects of life... and that it really gives this

knowledge to certain people, and that he places these people

in a position whereby, from their social position, they're

able to give this to the rest of their culture.

TSOUKALOS: All these cultures were far apart from each other,

sometimes by thousands and thousands of miles.

So, how is it possible that all these societies came up with not

similar, but identical stories?

Was it really flying snakes or gods that were snakes?

Of course not.

It was misunderstood technology.

Some types of vehicles were witnessed that descended from

the sky out of which people came... astronauts... that

instructed people of different cultures in different societies

in certain scientific disciplines.

This is not coincidence.

This is evidence for ancient alien encounters in the remote past.

There is no other way.

NARRATOR: Can the ancient creation myths and legends of

flying serpent gods really be interpreted as factual accounts

of extraterrestrial visitors, as ancient astronaut theorists contend?

And if so, might such celestial travelers have given the Maya

both the tools and the knowledge to help advance their civilization?

Perhaps further evidence can be found by looking at the Mayans'

very profound connection to the stars.

NARRATOR: In the Mexican state of the Yucatan lie the

ruins of the ancient Mayan city of Chichen Itza.

Here, in the tenth century, the Maya built what has become known

as the El Caracol observatory.

BARNHART: It has four doors on the bottom that can be used

as observation points, and had a number of windows up on

top, but most of those have fallen.

We only have two and a half of those left.

But looking at those, we can see that they're definitely looking

at the sun, probably at the moon.

There are hints that they could have been using them for

stars and planets.

VAN STONE: They were tracking in particular Venus, the phases

of the moon, eclipses.

We know that because we have books that record these things.

NARRATOR: Most researchers agree that from 250 to 900 AD,

the Mayans were the most advanced astronomers of their time.

But why were they observing the cosmos so intently?

And what might they have been looking for?

CALVIN: The Maya were very sophisticated in terms of what

they watched in the heavens and in the calendars that they kept track of.

The ability to understand that Venus as morning star and Venus

as evening star are the same star was very rarely done in the

history of humankind.

They were oftentimes seen as two different entities.

The idea that they could predict the cycles of the heavens

reflects their sophistication.

VAN STONE: The Maya were one of the only ancient people that

invented a mathematical system that we use, which is called

place value and zero.

And using place value and zero allows you to make enormous

calculations, numbers that are very, very large.

(beeping)

They could probably calculate things thousands of years into the past.

NARRATOR: Did the Maya develop such mastery of

astronomy and mathematics on their own?

Or is it possible, as ancient astronaut theorists believe,

that the elite rulers of the Maya had received help from

star travelers?

VON DANIKEN: The Maya, for example, had the knowledge of

the planet Venus surrounding our solar system in such a

precise way that within 6,000 years, the difference was a few hours.

Now, the Mayas itself did not live for 6,000 years.

So they had no time... 6,000 years... to observe if their

calculation concerning the Venus rotation is correct or not,

because they had their information from their gods.

COPPENS: The Mayans could not possibly have developed these

systems on their own because it would take thousands, some of

them tens of thousands of years of observation.

So it is clear that they were given to them by aliens out

there who have made contact with the Mayan people.

NARRATOR: Perhaps the most intriguing astronomical

accomplishment of the Maya concerns their understanding of

the slow change in the Earth's rotational axis in space.

Called precession, it's a process that takes more than

26,000 years to complete.

But how could the Maya have tracked events over such an

extreme time span?

Is it possible that, like modern scientists, the Maya had

been using knowledge of the Earth's movement in space to track time?

And if so, for what purpose?

LOHSE: The Maya developed these timekeeping skills by

monitoring the movements and predicting the movements of not

just the sun, but the moon, Venus, in some cases Jupiter,

Mars, Saturn and some of the constellations.

NARRATOR: Though most people consider the Egyptians as the

ultimate pyramid builders, ten times as many pyramids were

constructed in Mesoamerica than in Egypt.

But why did the Maya build so many of their monumental

structures in absolute precise alignment with solar, lunar and

stellar events?

COLLINS: Well, it seems as if they were paranoid that if they

did not do this, something bad would happen.

(rumbling)

They were on the fifth epoch, and each of these earlier epochs

they believed had ended in catastrophe.

And it seemed as if they had to synchronize their rituals, their

events, their games, their activities with these specific

celestial events, because if they didn't, something bad would

happen, and the epoch would end prematurely.

COPPENS: The Mayans were absolutely convinced that timing

was crucial, because the stars were revealing when the gods

were going to come back, and obviously, that meant the gods

were coming from the stars.

NARRATOR: But where, or from whom, did the ancient Maya learn

to accurately track time by tracing the celestial movements

of our solar system and the universe beyond?

Could the ancient Maya have actually conspired with

extraterrestrial visitors to plan not only the future, and

even the very end of our world?

Perhaps a further examination of the infamous

Mayan calendar and its so-called doomsday prophecy is required.

NEWMAN: There are several legends in the Mayan world which

suggest that this end date of the Mayan calendar in December,

2012 is actually an apocalypse day.

The Popol Vuh discusses it as a possible destruction of the planet.

The Tortuguero Monument, which is a site near Palenque...

it's the only inscription in stone that mentions the 2012 end date

of the calendar.

And that talks about nine gods descending to Earth.

But no one really knows exactly what that means.

Some people suggest that may cause a cataclysm.

Others suggest it may be a whole dawn of a new age where we

actually move into a more conscious way of life.

CHILDRESS: If the truth is that the Mayans were in contact

with extraterrestrial beings, and now their calendar is ending

on December 21, 2012, this might be the return of the gods

themselves, of the extraterrestrials coming back to

Earth to the Mayans, as they promised.

NARRATOR: Given the sophistication of the Mayan

calendar, is it really possible that the Maya could have

accurately predicted the exact date of some sort of

Earth-changing event?

Might such an event usher in a new era of human enlightenment?

Or might it mark the end of mankind in the form of a

cataclysmic doomsday?

Perhaps only time will tell.

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