All language subtitles for Gallipoli from above the untold story pdtv x264-w4f EN Sub

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HUGH DOLAN: In 1915,
an Allied army invades Turkey.

It is the battle at Gallipoli.

These ragged slopes create a legend.

Anzac Day.

That day, as the story goes,

the British sent the Australians
to the wrong beach,

to a beach they knew nothing about

for a murderous slaughter
in the dawn.

In fact, nothing
could be further from the truth.

I've come on a journey to Gallipoli

to find out
what really happened that day.

My career
was in military intelligence,

and it was a map
that started my journey.

This map.

This map challenged everything
I knew about the Anzac landing.

I thought they landed

without knowing anything
about the landing beaches,

but look - this map
is dated April 20, 1915.

And here are hand-drawn details
of enemy defences.

An Anzac intelligence officer -
someone like me -

knew all of these details
five days before the landing.

I wanted to find the story
of how they knew all of this.

I found a story
of covert intelligence operations,

spies, and the use
of cutting-edge technology.

The world's first aircraft carrier
was at Gallipoli.

Aeroplanes
detailed the Turkish defences.

The boats will land
about one mile north of Kabatepe.

Australians planned
their own landing.

They did things differently
to the British.

It wasn't at dawn,
and it wasn't a bloodbath.

It was imaginative,
it was bold, and it worked.

The story is different
from what we've been led to believe.

It's a story that would change
the way you think about Anzac Day.

In 1914, thousands of young men
volunteer for the war,

including, as it happens, my
great-grandfather, Charlie White.

The men are taken on ships
to Europe.

They think
they're going to fight Germans,

because in Europe in 1914,

the German and Austrian empires
go to war against the Russian,

French and British empires.

It is the First World War.

The massive Turkish Empire
is neutral, but for how long?

In the capital, Constantinople,

the German kaiser
comes courting the Turkish sultan.

Everything is peaceful
in the capital,

but the Germans and the Turks have
signed a secret military alliance.

The gateway to Constantinople
is about 500km away.

It's a slim stretch of water
called the Dardanelles.

And the story of Anzac Day
begins here,

in a small town called Canakkale.

Canakkale is the start
of my journey.

I've come here to find out
what really happened on that day,

the 25th of April, 1915. Anzac Day.

There's an Englishman living here
in 1914,

named Clarence Palmer.

He's the British vice-consul
to Canakkale.

This is one
of only two photographs of him.

This minor diplomatic official

will have an extraordinary influence
on the Gallipoli landing.

Canakkale has changed
since Clarence Palmer was here,

but not the waterfront,

where he strolls casually around,
and he doesn't like what he sees.

Turkey is still officially neutral
in the war.

He notices German officers
in Turkish uniform,

and together, the Germans and Turks
are preparing for war.

MAN READS: 'There is no doubt
that the Germans have perpetrated,

and the Turks connive at the most
flagrant violations of neutrality.

There are now
no fewer than four German ships,

which are flying the Turkish flag.'

Clarence Palmer notices young men
being conscripted

into the Turkish army,

like the 16-year-old Adil Shahin.

(Speaks native language)

This all makes Clarence Palmer
very, very angry,

so he becomes a spy,

and the information that he records
is priceless,

because this stretch of water,
the Dardanelles,

is about to become the most
important stretch of water on Earth.

At the mouth of the Dardanelles,
the island of Tenedos,

where the British
have a battle fleet.

If war with Turkey comes,

they want to steam this fleet up
the Dardanelles, through the Narrows,

and straight to Constantinople.

We know this city as Istanbul.

If the British captured this city,

they'd open supply lines
to their ally, Russia,

alter the whole strategic situation,

maybe win the war.

This city is a glittering prize
worth any effort,

and the only thing in the way
is the Dardanelles.

You can really appreciate
the narrowness of the Dardanelles -

1.5km across.

The Allied warships
have to squeeze through this gap

if they want to fight their way
to Constantinople.

There is a fort on the other side,
and others further along.

This is what the navy
is up against - large-calibre guns,

and there are dozens of them here,
up and down the Dardanelles.

Now Clarence Palmer notices
the Turks are closing the Narrows.

They're laying mines in the sea.

This is a sea mine -

a ton of high explosives.

They're anchored
off the seabed,

with the mine floating
just below the surface, unseen.

They are laid in lines
across to the other side.

No British warship
is getting through here.

Now, Clarence Palmer
secretly maps the mines.

And here's the map.

There's the Dardanelles,
and that's the town of Canakkale.

And here's the lines
of underwater mines.

Clarence Palmer escapes
with this priceless information

out to the British fleet,
anchored off the island of Tenedos.

His information is priceless,

because Britain
has just declared war on Turkey.

Far out in the Indian Ocean,

on the convoy taking
the Anzac soldiers to Europe,

reporter Charles Bean
hears the news,

and thinks maybe they're
not going to Europe.

News of war being declared
on Turkey.

We altered course about 7:00.

Shall we be stopped in Egypt?

The Dardanelles
is an incredibly busy waterway.

And it's here in 1915,

the British and the French
assemble a massive fleet.

Amongst the fleet, Ark Royal -
the world's first aircraft carrier -

and aboard her, Lt Harry Strain.

MAN: You see, first ship to be
designed as an aircraft carrier,

with an immense hold to accommodate
seaplanes with folding wings.

We do reconnaissance flights
on the coasts and over the forts

to determine whether intelligence
information about the defences

is correct.

The Great British and French fleet

now tries to push its way
through the Dardanelles.

They open fire on Canakkale,
and the forts guarding the Narrows.

During the bombardment of this fort,

a massive shell
fired from a British warship

punched through this wall,
shattered this building,

and without exploding,
shot 100m across this quadrangle.

The shell flew across here,
and buried itself in this wall,

again, without exploding,

and watching all of this from above

is Harry Strain
in his seaplane from Ark Royal.

HARRY STRAIN: I was to fly
up and down the straits

between the Narrows.

I was to act
as the sort of commentator

to keep up a running record

of the damage done
to the various forts.

It was easy enough to hit the forts,

but to do any good, the guns
themselves had to be destroyed,

and it was by no means certain

that all the guns
were damaged or destroyed.

I saw both Gaulois and Bouvet
badly hit,

and both appeared
to be in difficulties.

Inflexible was hit
by something very heavy.

Irresistible hit a mine,
and put her engines out of action.

The Ocean was ordered
to take her in tow,

and in closing, struck another mine,

and both were lost.

Between the mines in the water
and the guns in the forts,

six battleships
are sunk or crippled.

It's a complete disaster.

Unless the guns protecting
the minefields can be silenced,

forcing a passage
is too desperate an adventure

to be entertained.

What Harry Strain saw

was the defeat of the most powerful
weapon on Earth -

the combined British
and French navies.

A great Turkish victory.

And watching that victory out there

is General Sir Ian Hamilton.

A professional soldier,
he writes poetry,

and speaks French, German and Hindi.

He's convinced the navy
can't get through the Dardanelles,

not without his army landing
and destroying the forts.

MAN: From what I saw
with my own eyes,

it is unlikely that the straits will
be breached by battleships alone.

If my troops are to take part,

it must be a deliberate
and prepared operation,

carried out at full strength.

Exactly the same thing
occurs to Otto Liman von Sanders,

the German commander
of Turkish forces.

(Man speaks German)

Along the length
of the Gallipoli peninsula,

the Turks prepare to meet
a full-scale British invasion

they now are certain is coming.

Anzac soldiers are camped in Egypt.

The ships that were carrying them
to England were diverted here

when Britain declared war on Turkey.

In Egypt, amongst Anzac command,

the man who drew
those details on my map -

Major Charles Villiers-Stuart,

Anzac intelligence officer.

He's 40 years old, a combat veteran.

He's on loan from the Indian army.

He's told about the plans
for the landing.

The men aren't told,
only ordered to board trains.

So, the train goes down Alexandria,
and then on to a troop ship.

We had no idea where we're going.

And then this friend of mine,
he comes in with his bible -

he'd been able to dig it up -
and he says to me,

'Hey, Bill, look.

I think I found the location
of the place we're going.'

So, he opens it up, and points
to a page, and there it is -

it's the island of Lemnos.

Lemnos Island is about 80km
from the Gallipoli coast.

At Lemnos,

British general Ian Hamilton
assembles an invasion force -

warships, transports, submarines.

The Anzacs are ordered
to begin training with boats.

They had these ships
out in Lemnos Bay,

and they had these rope ladders
hanging over the side,

and we all had our marching gear on,

and then we had
to get into the boat,

and then get out of the boat,
and then into the boat, up and down,

and up and down.

Gee, it was uncomfortable.

Hamilton plans to land these men
on the Gallipoli peninsula.

Hamilton's main landing
will be British troops to the south.

They will advance up the peninsula
and towards the forts.

The Anzacs will land to the north

and advance across the peninsula,
also towards the forts.

The Anzacs are allocated
a section of coastline,

between a point called Kaba Tepe

and a stone cottage
called Fishermans Hut,

and the whole sector
is called Z Beach.

Responsibility
for planning the Anzac landing

falls to the Australian general,
William Bridges.

54 years old,
a professional soldier,

he started the Royal Military
College at Duntroon.

His headquarters is aboard the
converted cruiseliner Minnewaska,

anchored in Lemnos Harbour.

He gathers his staff
to plan the landing on Z Beach.

Anzac is to land near Kaba Tepe.

The idea seems to be

that we are to hold high ground
above Fishermans Hut.

Numerous landings
will distract the Turks,

and once we have established
a foothold,

the fleet is going to rush through.

Charles Villiers-Stuart's
responsibility

as intelligence officer

is to find out everything
he can about Z Beach,

and right now
he knows almost nothing.

Air reconnaissance has failed as yet
to locate any guns.

Z Beach is... unprotected.

William Bridges decides
to go and take a look at Z Beach.

It's a lot easier for us
to take a look at Z Beach

than it is for Anzac command.

From Kaba Tepe in the south
to Fishermans Hut in the north,

it's 5km long.

That's a huge sector.

It's 5km they know nothing about.

William Bridges and his staff

are 1.5 miles off this beach
on a warship,

observing Z Beach
for the first time.

They are wearing naval uniforms,

so they don't look
like army officers

conducting a beach reconnaissance,
just in case any Turks are watching,

which, incidentally, plenty are
from that knoll there of Ari Burnu.

And that's the problem.

Far out to sea,

Charles Villiers-Stuart
can't see into the ragged gullies,

can't see what's behind the hills.

Just where are the Turkish defences?

Are there any?

So, Charles Villiers-Stuart
does something quite novel.

The ship is diverted
to the island of Tenedos.

Tenedos is the base

for a squadron of the British
Royal Naval Air Service.

Charles Samson is its star.

Nicknamed 'Captain Cattle',
he is famous.

He once attacked a German submarine

by firing his rifle at it
from his plane.

Charles Villiers-Stuart
asks him for a ride.

He's given some flying kit
and an empty petrol tin,

which is what they use
as a life preserver,

should they ditch into the sea,

and he's taken aloft
for his first aeroplane flight.

Charles Villiers-Stuart's first
flight is above Z Beach.

He has a compass
and a pencil and a map

nailed to the interior of
the cockpit, so it won't blow away.

He looks down
into the hills and gullies,

and what he sees changes everything.

With the sketches and his notes
gathered from his flight,

he does something extraordinary.

He makes a model of Z Beach,

and with the information
from his flight,

he begins to add detail
to his model and his map.

His map is marked with a grid.
Each square is about 3km in length.

These are numbered -
223, 224, 225 and so on.

These squares are further divided
into 25 smaller squares,

and these are lettered.

A, B, C, D - there's no E -
F, G and so on.

The whole system
is draped across the landscape.

The point of Kaba Tepe
is square 211-P,

Fishermans Hut is square 237-Q,

and between them,
the 5km length of Z Beach,

where William Bridges needs
to find a place to land his men.

Charles Villiers-Stuart's map
begins to fill.

224-G - trenches.

224-N - 20 tents.

How many Turks to a Turkish tent?

Ten. That's 200 men right there.

At 224-S, a seven-gun battery.

That's very bad news.

It's guns like these
hidden in the valleys

that is worrying Anzac headquarters.

They fire a shell with metal balls,
designed to detonate in the air.

Like God's giant shotgun blast,
it will kill anything beneath it.

It'll certainly kill a boatload
of soldiers rowing for the shore.

William Bridges takes a look

at Charles Villiers-Stuart's
model and map,

and realises his men are going to
get slaughtered rowing to the beach.

So, he comes up with a radical idea.

General Hamilton's scheme
was that we should land at daybreak,

and after a heavy bombardment
of the hills and shore by the navy.

Anzac's great desire is to make the
Australian attack a simple surprise.

They strongly urged upon Hamilton

to allow him to land the men
before daylight,

and without any preliminary
bombardment.

William Bridges sticks his neck out,

and does something completely
different to the British.

His radical idea
is to land silently...

..at night, in the darkness.

To prepare
for the Gallipoli landings,

aerial reconnaissance of Turkish
defences now becomes crucial.

What appears to be gentle hills
when viewed from the sea becomes...

..gun positions
when viewed from the air.

MAN: Well, about this time, I was
told about the proposed landing,

so we made every effort
to get good photographs

and drawings
of all possible beaches,

with the position of any defences.

Oh. Gotta go.

This is an aerial photograph
of Kaba Tepe,

the southernmost point of Z Beach.

The zigzag lines
are Turkish trenches.

And this is the information

that Charles Villiers-Stuart
transfers to his map.

The photographs and the reports
pour into Anzac command,

and end up here,
on Charles Villiers-Stuart's desk.

We have located over 30 guns
covering Z Beach,

and assuming the Turks
can fire three rounds a minute,

that's 90 rounds a minute.

Half an hour to row to the beach,

that's 2,700 shrapnel bursts over
men rowing in open wooden boats.

Most worrying of all,

here - 203-T.

700 tents hidden in an olive grove.

This is the olive grove,

where Charles Villiers-Stuart
observes 700 tents.

That's 7,000 armed Turkish soldiers

6km away

on a good road,

from where the Anzacs
are to row their boats ashore.

Charles Villiers-Stuart
also identifies

an entire Turkish division -

some 15,000 men
in a small village called Bigali.

This is the village of Bigali.

This is where
the Turkish division is.

It's 6km from Z Beach,

so William Bridges knows
he's got 1.5 to 2 hours

to seize his objectives
before he's hit by 15,000 men.

His objective
is to capture the third ridge,

the high ground above Z Beach,

and now his men have to do it
quickly.

The boats will land about one mile
north of Kaba Tepe.

The first objective will be
the occupation of the ridge,

stretch from square 212-I
to point 971 at 2:38.

The man chosen to lead
the first wave

is Colonel Ewen Sinclair-MacLagan.

It's his men
who will hit the beach first.

Third Brigade is the covering force.

We land at night between Kaba Tepe
and Fishermans Hut,

seize the beach,
disabling enemy guns.

Our objective is the third ridge.

April 23rd, moonset - the time
the moon goes down - is 2:02am.

Dawn is 4:59.

That gives your men three hours
to get to the beach before dawn.

I do thank you for the great honour

of having this job to do
with my brigade.

But if we do find the Turks holding
these ridges in any strength,

I honestly don't think you'll ever
see the Third Brigade again.

Go along with you.

Col Sinclair-MacLagan isn't the only
one having doubts about the landing.

Ian Hamilton, after viewing the
photographs of the Turkish defences,

now knows what he's up against.

The photographs
make it all too clear

that the Turks have not let
the grass grow under their feet.

The peninsula is better defended
than it was.

Ian Hamilton
confides to Charles Samson

that he expects
to lose half his men in the landing.

He expects a bloodbath.

I was greatly impressed
by Sir Ian's remark,

that he expected
to lose nearly 50% in casualties.

Charles Samson is ordered to take
aloft a very special passenger -

the commander
of a British submarine,

Lieutenant-Commander
Theodore Brodie.

He's been ordered
to dive under the minefields

mapped by Clarence Palmer,

get through the Narrows,
and attack Turkish shipping.

Charles Samson takes him
on a flight over the Narrows.

CHARLES SAMSON: I took up
Lieutenant-Commander Brodie,

the captain of submarine E15.

Taking him at rather low altitude
up the Dardanelles,

as he had been detailed to attempt
the first pass of the Narrows

in his submarine.

I must say,
I preferred my job to his,

and I rather felt it would be
the last time I would see him.

Theodore Brodie's submarine

was caught in the treacherous
currents of the Narrows.

He was forced aground
and fired upon.

This is a Turkish photograph
of the grounded submarine.

The shell hole that you can see
through the conning tower

cut poor Theodore Brodie in half.

Stuck fast on the shore,
the crews surrender.

A Turkish intelligence officer reads
a list of her crew, and finds...

..Clarence Palmer,
the ex-diplomat cum spy

from the British consulate
of Canakkale.

What he was doing on board
the submarine is a complete mystery.

In Canakkale, all that remains
of the British consulate in 1915

is a small cemetery.

This is the grave
of Theodore Brodie,

the commander
of the British submarine.

Now, our old friend,
Clarence Palmer,

is brought before
the Turkish garrison commander,

who's absolutely delighted
to see him,

because he intends to hang him.

Clarence Palmer thinks about his own
hanging, and then turns traitor.

Please, don't hang me.
I know about the coming invasion.

I can give you the details.

Thanks to Clarence Palmer,

Otto Liman von Sanders
now has Hamilton's landing plan,

and the time
to prepare his defences.

Liman von Sanders
gains even more time.

The weather delays the landings.

William Bridges is counting on
darkness to get his men ashore,

and each day's delay
means the moon sets later.

Another delay
for a further 24 hours.

Each day's delay
means 30 minutes less darkness

for his men to row ashore.

For Charles Villiers-Stuart,

the delay means the men
might be seen rowing to the beach.

He knows what's waiting for them,
and it's personal.

He's landing with the second wave.

Lemnos Harbour,

and the warships assemble
to invade the Gallipoli peninsula,

the greatest seaborne invasion
yet seen.

The Anzacs are ordered
to wear the British cap,

not the Australian slouch hat.

To the Turks, they will look
like British troops.

It's a great gamble -
the whole thing, really.

And a lot of boys
who began their life on the Murray,

or in a backyard in Wagga
or Bourke or Surry Hills...

..will be left lying in Turkey.

Ian Hamilton confides to his diary.

Death grins at my elbow.

I cannot get him out of my thoughts.

He is fed up with the old, the sick.

Only the flower of the flock
will serve him now,

for God has started
a celestial spring-cleaning,

and our star
is to be scrubbed bright

with the blood
of our bravest and best.

Hamilton is landing British troops
on five beaches on Cape Helles.

The beaches are codenamed S, W, X,

Y, and at the tip, V Beach.

To the north, the Anzacs
are landing on Z Beach.

And further north, Hamilton sends
a fleet to a place called Bulair

for a special mission.

The fleet opens fire on the shore.

They lower boats full of soldiers,
but the boats don't actually land.

It's all a deception -
a fake landing,

designed to make Liman von Sanders
think it's a real landing.

He is completely fooled.

He keeps two divisions -
20,000 men - on stand-by,

ready to repel a landing
that never comes.

But it isn't just Ian Hamilton
who fools him.

It's our old friend,
Clarence Palmer.

He told Liman von Sanders

the fake northern landing
was the main landing.

He lied.

And maybe that's one of the reasons

he was on the submarine,
in the first place.

Off this coast,

out to sea, below the horizon,

the Anzac ships
are waiting for the moon to set.

It was dark. I think
we got up about... 1am or 2am?

And we got a hot feed - it was
bully beef or something like that.

But, erm, yeah, we were
in full marching outfit -

overcoats, goodness knows what.

After the moon has set,
and in total darkness,

the warships steam silently

towards this shore.

The men clamber into rowboats,

and the rowboats are towed to shore
by steamboats.

Close to shore,
the rowboats are released...

..and the men begin to row
to the beach.

Above Z Beach
is the 16-year-old Adil Shahin.

This is where
the 16-year-old Adil Shahin

fired upon Australian troops
coming ashore.

They landed - other side
of this point -

down here to my left and...
to my right.

Did the Australians land
on the correct beach?

Well, people have been arguing
about that

since 4:05

on Sunday, 25th of April, 1915.

Orders dated 21st of April, 1915,

four days before the landing,

direct 7th Battalion

to land in square 224-G.

Now...

..here is square 224, and here is G.

See this bump?

There it is here -

Ari Burnu, the northernmost point
of Anzac Cove.

So, we have orders to land here.

Charles Villiers-Stuart arrives
in the second wave.

William Bridges has 4,500 men ashore
in tactical surprise,

in darkness, before the dawn.

The men had already climbed
these slopes,

and this beachhead
has been taken in 20 minutes.

(Gunfire)

By the time Charles Bean arrives,

there's 8,500 men ashore.

This is a photograph
of the beach that morning.

There's one body on the sand.

Of course there's been casualties.

The Turks have been shelling
this beach since dawn.

But there's no massacre at dawn.

Not here, and not on this beach.

For that, we have to go to
the British landing on Cape Helles.

60 minutes after the Australians
land silently,

in darkness, on Z Beach,

warships begin pounding
the British landing beaches,

about 20km to the south.

Pounding a landing beach is a good
idea if you can kill the enemy,

but if you don't,
you've just woken him up

and told him to get ready,

which is exactly
what the British have done.

This is the fortress above V Beach,

and the Turks here are alert,
prepared,

and are waiting for boats
to land on this shore in daylight.

This is V Beach.

Then the Turks
see the most extraordinary thing -

out to sea is a very large steamer,

and she's coming towards this shore

for a collision against those rocks.

She's The River Clyde,
and she rams herself onto the rocks.

She's got 2,000 British soldiers
stuffed inside her.

In broad daylight,
they pour out of the ship.

(Gunfire)

Flying overhead is Charles Samson.

CHARLES SAMSON:
The River Clyde was fast ashore.

The beach and the water close to
the shore were strewn with bodies.

It was an appalling sight
for us to look down at

from our safe position in the air.

The sea, for a distance
of about 50 yards from the beach,

was absolutely red with blood.

This is a photograph taken from the
bow of the River Clyde that morning.

The survivors
who have made it ashore

are sheltering under a sandy ledge.

This is where the few survivors
are sheltering,

beneath this ledge of sand.

On River Clyde, 1,000 soldiers can't
and won't get off

until the cover of darkness.

Up at Z Beach,

the Anzacs haven't captured the
vital high ground above the beach.

MAN: Steep terrain.

You know, the gullies
are really steep.

It was hard work.

We didn't see
any sign of Turks, at all.

That was just a matter
of going for your life,

and we all got mixed up

and were all over the place.

The higher up you got,
the, er... the worse it got.

We got all the way to the top,
and they told us just to wait.

They sent out some scouts.

The worst thing
that happens to Anzac this morning

is they ran into this man,
Mustafa Kemal -

the most capable battlefield
commander of the whole campaign,

and this is his house.

It's 5:30 in the morning,
and his telephone is ringing.

He realises that the key
to the whole thing

is the high ground above Z Beach.

So he gathers his entire force...

..and he hits Anzac
with everything he's got.

William Bridges has been ashore
since 7:30am.

He now pulls his men
into a tight perimeter

to meet the Turkish onslaught.

They're holding a Turkish division,

stopping it from interfering
with the main British landing

to the south.

But the British landing
is easily halted.

The fury of the Turkish
counterattack stops the Anzacs here.

The battle for Gallipoli is pretty
much doomed from the first day.

MAN: We had to report the line
held by the Anzac corps.

There wasn't one,

and the small bodies of men

who advanced to various positions
in the cliffs were far too busy

to signal to aircraft.

The seaplane was
in a pig-headed mood.

It would not climb beyond 1,400ft.

The hill was 971ft,

and that left some 430ft between
the machine and Turkish soldiers.

You cannot always miss
at that distance.

(Gunfire)

The long, terrible day
turns to night,

and William Bridges knows the Anzacs
can't reach their objectives.

The landing is a failure.

They're hanging on to this ridge
by their fingernails,

their backs to the sea.

General Bridges
recommends withdrawal.

Evacuate.

(Morse code beeping)

Ian Hamilton considers the request
to evacuate Z Beach...

..and he says no.

You...

..have gone through
the difficult business.

All you have to do now
is dig, dig, dig,

until you are safe.

Above Anzac Cove where the men
are ordered to dig are three ridges.

The first, they overran.

The second, they held.

And in the distance, the third -

the ridge they would never hold.

See that white memorial?

Well, below it is Z Beach.

Let's see what the Anzacs never saw.

The Dardanelles, the Narrows,
and on the far side, Canakkale.

They would never capture
those forts,

and the warships would never steam
through and capture Constantinople.

Let's see how far the Anzacs got.

That white memorial -
that's Lone Pine.

That's how far they got.

And after eight months
of bitter fighting,

they finally took General Bridges's
advice, and left...

..once again, in the dead of night.

But William Bridges
wasn't around to see it.

Three weeks after landing,
he was hit by a sniper.

He was evacuated,
but it was hopeless.

When King George heard,
he had William Bridges knighted.

He died the next day.

His funeral was held in Melbourne.

Of the nearly 60,000 Australians
who would die in the war,

he was the only one brought home -
the only one buried in Australia.

Clarence Palmer survived the war
in a Turkish prison camp.

He went quietly back
to the diplomatic service

and never did
anything exciting again.

What happened here is the single
most sacred and controversial day

in the way Australians think
about themselves.

Look, the British did not
send us here to be slaughtered.

Casualties were comparatively light,
it wasn't a dawn landing,

and overall,
it was the correct beach.

The landing was imaginatively
planned by Australian officers.

So, if we're going to have a myth,
an Anzac myth, let's get it right.

Three weeks after the landing,

Charles Villiers-Stuart
was sketching Turkish positions.

(Bomb whistles)

Here is the grave
of Charles Villiers-Stuart,

buried on this slope,
before the sea,

and in front of the cove that he
overflew 11 days before the landing.

He was an intelligence officer -
the same job I once had.

Perhaps that's why I'm drawn
to his story.

Sending soldiers into danger
is a terrible responsibility.

It's why the real story of Anzac Day
is important.

And for me, it's personal.

This is the grave of my
great-grandfather, Charlie White.

Captions by CSI Australia