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An African river.
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For millions of years, the daily scene of a battle
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between two uneven opponents:
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swift antelopes, versus ferocious hunters.
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(tense music)
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In the water, the fearsome predators
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usually have the upper hand.
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But on land, the primordial beasts are more unwieldy.
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And when it comes to raising young,
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they show a surprisingly caring side,
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protecting their nests ferociously.
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This film gives a remarkable insight into one of
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the most feared creatures on Earth,
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and shatters the illusion of a vicious killer.
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(dramatic music)
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Africa's Serengeti, home to the Nile crocodile.
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It will attack almost anything that crosses its path.
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It is without doubt an unrivaled predator.
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Yet, as a mother, the powerful hunter becomes the hunted.
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And even more astonishingly, it has a surprising ally.
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Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.
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The Grumeti River winds its way through
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the remote western corner of the park.
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Its banks are lined by a forest rich in wildlife.
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(soft music)
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In June, the waters of the Grumeti run slowly.
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Fish congregate in the rapids before
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making their way further downstream.
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The maribu, and the other billed storks
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have rich pickings now.
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And they're not the only ones.
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Crocodiles, these ancient reptiles have outlived
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the dinosaurs, and survived virtually unchanged,
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for over 200 million years.
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And during this time, they have perfected
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their hunting strategies.
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(foreboding music)
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The Nile crocodile is found all over Africa,
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and in most places, feeds mainly on fish.
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This simple diet can sustain even the largest individuals,
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which may weigh up to a ton.
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This one has caught a large catfish in the river.
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But in June, the waters of the river start to dry up.
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(soft music)
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All that is left are a few shallow pools.
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For most animals, the lower water levels
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make little difference.
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Indeed for some, hunting becomes a little easier.
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The deeper pools attract crocodiles.
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When it gets too hot in the sun,
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the cold-blooded reptiles gape,
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and loose heat by evaporation from the moist inner surfaces,
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or slip back into the water to cool off.
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The large male will not tolerate a rival in his territory.
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He is defending a favorite site along the river,
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with a flat sandy beach,
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where females like to lay their eggs.
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Males with territories like these
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have the best chance of mating.
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Not surprisingly, he isn't willing to give it up.
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These prehistoric reptiles have evolved a variety of
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signals to prevent conflicts from escalating.
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An upward-pointing snout is a submissive gesture,
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which will quickly appease a rival.
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Dominant males demonstrate their status
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with impressive water displays.
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The rippling of his flanks sends waves out into the water.
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These are barely perceptible to the human ear.
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But to other crocodiles, they are a clear message,
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this male is ready to mate.
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After weeks of fending off rivals, the males can
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at last give their full attention to the females.
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(soft music)
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In the midst of all this activity,
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an enormous army is approaching the river.
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Over the next few weeks, the Grumeti River will be
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invaded by hundreds of thousands of migrating wildebeest.
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The animals are nervous of entering unfamiliar terrain.
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But they are in desperate need of water.
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Wildebeest need to drink every day.
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Experienced animals know the dangers lurking in the water.
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(tense music)
(wildebeest bleating)
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The herd moves on, guided by the older animals.
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They steer clear of the deep pools
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in which large reptiles can hide.
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Instead, they head for the shallow waters further upstream.
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The hunters are unable to follow,
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separated by the drinking herds by a rocky barrier.
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But some of the crocodiles are starving.
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They have had no more than a few fish all year.
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This male has decided to try and cross the barrier.
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Climbing across the ridge between the two pools
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takes nearly half an hour, and requires great effort.
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The shallow waters, however,
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offer little hope of going undetected.
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Will the animal's efforts be in vain?
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(tense music)
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The resourceful hunter comes up with an ingenious solution.
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It starts digging itself into the riverbed,
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right under the watchful eyes of the drinking herds.
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Deeper and deeper it sinks, until it is barely visible.
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The wildebeest continue to arrive at the pool.
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The hunter lies so low that no more than
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the tip of its tail is visible.
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The predator's strategy appears to have paid off.
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The nervous wildebeest seem to sense the danger,
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but can't see it.
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(dramatic music)
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After a few weeks, the shallow pools have dried up.
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The marabou storks now gorge themselves
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on the many stranded fish.
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But for the wildebeest, this is bad news.
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They have to move on to deeper pools.
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The waters below are heaving with crocodiles.
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The wrangling in the water has alarmed the wildebeest,
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but after a few minutes, they're back.
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They have no choice, and the hunters are waiting for them.
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(wildebeest grunting)
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They have taken a young calf.
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(soft music)
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A few kilometers upstream, the scene is a more peaceful one.
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It hasn't rained for weeks, and large stretches
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of the riverbed are bone-dry.
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Away from the marauding males,
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the female crocodiles are guarding their nests.
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For nearly three months,
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they will hardly move from this spot.
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It is hot, gaping helps to cool down.
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But today, this is not enough.
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The female has to leave her nest,
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and seek shelter in the shade.
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From the bushes nearby, her every movement is being watched.
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(tense music)
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For a Nile monitor, crocodile eggs are
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a highly-nutritious source of food.
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The lizard is willing to risk being caught in the act.
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After the effort of chasing off the egg thief,
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the female needs to cool down.
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A troupe of baboons have discovered something
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right above the crocodile's nest...
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Sweet, ripe figs.
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Faced with such an abundance of fruit,
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the greedy monkeys become choosy.
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Discarded figs fall to the ground,
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attracting impala, which now surround the crocodile's nest.
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But that is not all, a herd of elephants have
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descended on her nest site.
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The female is besieged.
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She has withdrawn into the bushes.
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But the elephants are everywhere.
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The heat of the day, and the invasion of her nest site
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are too much for the attentive mother.
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She has nowhere to turn.
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The elephants have also occupied the water's edge,
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blocking her path to the river.
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She has no choice but to make do
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with the little shade offered by the bushes.
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But soon she is overheating.
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Ignoring the elephant directly behind her,
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she tries to get further into the shade.
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In the meantime, the nest robber can pursue his
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activity without disturbance.
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The female lies motionless, in a dazed state.
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She badly needs to cool down.
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Nile monitors grow up to two meters long,
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and are not fussy eaters.
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But crocodile eggs are a particular treat.
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The female lies listlessly in the shade.
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Not until late afternoon, when it becomes a little cooler,
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does she regain her energy.
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(dramatic music)
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But she is still slightly dazed.
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Every movement seems to be an effort.
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The baboons have discovered the open nest.
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They're afraid of the large reptile,
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but, getting no reaction from her,
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they become more daring.
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The female has now lost 20 of the eggs,
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nearly half her brood.
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(dramatic music)
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But she has not given up yet.
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By August, the land around the Grumeti is parched and dry.
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The wildebeest now travel long distances between
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the grazing sites and the remaining watering holes.
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The crocodiles take full advantage of
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the great congregations of animals.
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The proficient hunters have tiny
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pressure sensors on their heads,
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which can detect the smallest movements in the water,
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helping them to locate their quarry.
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For just a few weeks, this bountiful supply of large prey
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allows them to stock up in reserves
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for the rest of the year.
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(dramatic music)
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But with so many animals jostling in the water,
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the hunters' sensors are overpowered,
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and they often miss their target.
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The colossal beasts launch themselves
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out of the water with astonishing speed.
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But the heavily-built wildebeest are no
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easy quarry to bring down.
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Agile and fast, they pit all their skills
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against the deadly predators.
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The outcome is never certain.
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(dramatic music)
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Completely concealed underwater,
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the powerful hunter suddenly propels itself out,
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taking its victim by surprise.
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Once the massive jaws lock,
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the crocodile will try to drown its prey.
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(wildebeest grunting)
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By August, there is little left to eat
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for the grazers in this part of the Serengeti.
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Although the Grumeti River still has water,
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the vast herds have to move on.
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In September, water levels are so low,
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that some of the crocodile eggs lie
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nearly five meters above the river.
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Every journey up to the nest is a huge effort
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for the females, carrying 400 kilos of body weight
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up the steep, sandy slopes.
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Squabbles regularly break out at the nest sites.
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The females are hungry and irritable.
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Nile monitors continue to patrol the beach.
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The crocodiles always have to be on their guard.
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The egg thieves are on the lookout for unattended nests.
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But some of the crocodile mothers have surprising allies.
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A pair of thicknees.
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The birds are also looking for a place to lay their eggs.
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And it is no coincidence that they choose a spot
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near the breeding crocodile.
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The thicknee's brown plumage offers perfect camouflage,
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crucial for a bird that makes its nest on the ground.
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When it settles down on the sand,
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it becomes virtually invisible.
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The pair has agreed, the eggs are to be laid here.
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The prowling monitor lizards are a danger
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for the thicknees' eggs too.
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But the birds will go to great lengths
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to fend off the dangerous intruders.
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(soft music)
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By spreading its wings, the bird appears bigger,
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and more imposing.
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It seems to work, the lizard is unsure.
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Since they have not yet laid their eggs,
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both partners can join forces to ward off the hunter.
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For two weeks, they attack the reptiles
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the moment they make an appearance on the beach.
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The message is clear:
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this area is out of bounds for egg thieves.
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At the end of September, the rains come at last.
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(thunder rumbling)
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The crocodile mothers now lie protectively
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on top of their nests to keep them dry.
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The Serengeti's hard, sun-baked earth can't absorb the rain.
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The waters run off in torrents.
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(soft, pensive music)
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After a few days, the Grumeti River awakens again.
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One pool after another fills up with water.
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The forests burst into life.
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(birds calling)
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00:30:14,190 --> 00:30:17,796
A mother cheetah is resting in the bushes with her young.
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00:30:22,542 --> 00:30:24,831
Although only two of her four cubs
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00:30:24,831 --> 00:30:27,012
have made it through the dry season,
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00:30:27,012 --> 00:30:30,432
the remaining youngsters are strong and healthy.
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00:30:36,198 --> 00:30:39,419
The young cub explores its surroundings.
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00:30:39,419 --> 00:30:43,149
Everything is investigated with a good chew.
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00:30:47,368 --> 00:30:50,632
The female takes a well-deserved break.
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00:30:50,632 --> 00:30:53,693
Cheetah mothers raise their cubs on their own,
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00:30:53,693 --> 00:30:56,400
and to feed her growing youngsters,
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00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:58,831
she is increasingly out hunting.
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00:30:59,853 --> 00:31:03,274
She needs to make a kill almost daily.
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00:31:05,746 --> 00:31:09,380
Out on the open plains, a herd of Thomson's gazelles,
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00:31:09,380 --> 00:31:11,669
with their young.
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00:31:11,669 --> 00:31:15,152
They are looking for the first fresh shoots after the rains.
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00:31:30,770 --> 00:31:34,716
The female cheetah sets off, following them at a distance.
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00:31:45,973 --> 00:31:48,633
Then she picks up speed.
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(dramatic music)
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00:32:03,387 --> 00:32:06,589
The chase is on, over short distances,
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00:32:06,589 --> 00:32:09,419
she can easily outrun the gazelles,
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00:32:09,419 --> 00:32:13,025
reaching speeds of over 100 kilometers per hour.
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00:32:14,090 --> 00:32:17,773
But the gazelles have the advantage of greater agility.
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00:32:35,974 --> 00:32:39,068
She has brought down a young calf.
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00:32:39,068 --> 00:32:41,867
A good meal for her cubs.
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00:32:41,867 --> 00:32:45,952
(somber music)
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00:33:07,355 --> 00:33:10,850
All across the Serengeti, animals now thrive
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00:33:10,850 --> 00:33:13,588
on the lush, green grasslands,
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transformed by the arrival of the rains.
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00:33:41,678 --> 00:33:44,276
The freshly-filled pools of the Grumeti River
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00:33:44,276 --> 00:33:46,908
have attracted a herd of hippopotamus.
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00:33:50,540 --> 00:33:52,890
They play boisterously,
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00:33:52,890 --> 00:33:56,185
reveling in the sudden abundance of water.
293
00:34:28,404 --> 00:34:31,980
(hippos grunting)
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00:34:38,055 --> 00:34:40,622
The thicknees are not happy with the arrival
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00:34:40,622 --> 00:34:42,387
of the heavyweights on their beach.
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00:34:50,318 --> 00:34:53,087
The crocodiles are also not pleased.
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00:34:53,087 --> 00:34:55,097
But unlike the little waders,
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they can stand up for themselves.
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00:34:57,495 --> 00:35:00,714
(crocodile growling)
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00:35:04,671 --> 00:35:06,651
She has made her point,
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00:35:06,651 --> 00:35:09,901
an angry crocodile mother is a formidable force.
302
00:35:10,966 --> 00:35:13,965
Soon, there is a clearly visible exclusion zone
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00:35:13,965 --> 00:35:15,505
around her nest.
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00:35:25,444 --> 00:35:28,018
And those who don't read the signs,
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00:35:28,018 --> 00:35:31,111
have to learn the painful way.
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00:35:31,111 --> 00:35:34,593
(tense music)
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00:35:47,072 --> 00:35:49,856
After a few days, the rules are clear,
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00:35:49,856 --> 00:35:51,990
and both crocodiles and birds can
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tend to their nests in peace again.
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00:36:04,378 --> 00:36:07,812
Thicknees have learned that by nesting near crocodiles,
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they are safe from hippo trouble.
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00:36:17,599 --> 00:36:20,912
Now they can get down to the business of egg laying.
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00:36:35,370 --> 00:36:37,659
The birds continue to defend their neighbors
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00:36:37,659 --> 00:36:40,891
against the monitor lizards, and in return,
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00:36:40,891 --> 00:36:44,093
enjoy protection from unruly hippos,
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a relationship that benefits both parties.
317
00:37:11,699 --> 00:37:14,762
In contrast, a crocodile nesting on her own,
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00:37:14,762 --> 00:37:17,932
without help from birds or neighboring crocodiles,
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00:37:17,932 --> 00:37:20,363
has a far more difficult time.
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00:37:32,269 --> 00:37:34,837
The female under the fig tree is worn out
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00:37:34,837 --> 00:37:38,162
from continuous attacks by the monitor lizards.
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Her nearest neighbor is too far away
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to scare off the nest-raiders.
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She has to fend for herself.
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00:37:46,104 --> 00:37:48,826
She is hot, and stressed,
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00:37:48,826 --> 00:37:51,195
and needs to cool down in the river.
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00:38:02,900 --> 00:38:06,163
The lizards are playing a gruesome game.
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00:38:06,163 --> 00:38:09,504
Relentlessly, they harass the poor mother,
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00:38:09,504 --> 00:38:13,079
not allowing her a moment's rest.
330
00:38:17,949 --> 00:38:21,521
Whilst they can take turns cooling down in the shade,
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the protective crocodile mother must stand guard
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over her nest for as long as she can.
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00:38:27,816 --> 00:38:31,281
She is thin and gaunt from lack of food.
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00:38:34,356 --> 00:38:37,156
By the end of September, the midday sun is
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directly overhead.
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This is the hottest time of year,
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00:38:42,136 --> 00:38:45,264
the perfect temperature for the eggs.
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00:38:45,264 --> 00:38:48,326
But the female now can't stay in the sun
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00:38:48,326 --> 00:38:51,004
for longer than 10 minutes at a time.
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00:38:53,554 --> 00:38:56,044
There is little shade under the bushes,
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00:38:56,044 --> 00:38:59,497
and the monitor lizards still don't give a moment of peace.
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00:38:59,497 --> 00:39:03,319
(tense music)
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00:39:18,922 --> 00:39:22,962
(dramatic music)
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00:39:22,962 --> 00:39:27,048
The hunters circle her like a pack of hungry wolves.
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00:39:32,814 --> 00:39:35,582
In the mornings, she makes every effort
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00:39:35,582 --> 00:39:37,538
to stay close to her nest.
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00:39:40,195 --> 00:39:42,206
But during the midday heat,
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00:39:42,206 --> 00:39:44,482
she has to cool off in the water.
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00:39:53,759 --> 00:39:56,914
Increasingly, she avoids the strenuous journey down
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00:39:56,914 --> 00:40:00,613
to the river, and heads for the shade of the trees instead.
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00:40:01,569 --> 00:40:04,912
But from here, she cannot see her nest.
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00:40:20,179 --> 00:40:24,095
The protective mother is completely exhausted.
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00:40:27,185 --> 00:40:31,441
All her efforts of the last few months were in vain.
354
00:40:38,321 --> 00:40:42,174
She falls into a state of torpor for hours at a time.
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00:40:47,755 --> 00:40:51,701
Every time she comes 'round, more eggs have gone.
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00:40:57,313 --> 00:40:59,262
Despite her dedication,
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00:40:59,262 --> 00:41:02,141
she will not raise any young this year.
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00:41:11,418 --> 00:41:13,877
Having too many neighbors, however,
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00:41:13,877 --> 00:41:15,696
can also be a hazard.
360
00:41:16,962 --> 00:41:19,653
This perfect sunny beach has attracted
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00:41:19,653 --> 00:41:22,009
a number of breeding females.
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00:41:31,225 --> 00:41:34,427
There are repeated wrangles between neighbors.
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00:41:34,427 --> 00:41:38,525
A large, dominant female is particularly aggressive.
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00:41:43,813 --> 00:41:45,318
(crocodiles hissing)
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00:41:45,318 --> 00:41:48,952
The females will not tolerate strangers near their nests,
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00:41:48,952 --> 00:41:51,443
and with good reason.
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00:41:57,644 --> 00:42:00,877
The nests here are just a few meters apart,
368
00:42:00,877 --> 00:42:03,849
and there is an uneasy truce between neighbors.
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00:42:15,260 --> 00:42:18,291
As the sun sets one October evening,
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00:42:18,291 --> 00:42:21,617
daytime animals retreat for the night.
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00:42:28,305 --> 00:42:30,331
(soft music)
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00:42:30,331 --> 00:42:34,277
In the cool darkness, others become active.
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A leopard descends from a tree to patrol its territory.
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00:43:03,428 --> 00:43:06,490
But for the crocodiles on the Grumeti River,
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00:43:06,490 --> 00:43:08,828
this is a special night.
376
00:43:21,276 --> 00:43:23,797
After more than three months assiduously
377
00:43:23,797 --> 00:43:27,681
protecting their nests, the first eggs are hatching.
378
00:43:29,349 --> 00:43:31,978
The mother answers their persistent calls
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00:43:31,978 --> 00:43:34,239
by helping to dig them free.
380
00:43:37,701 --> 00:43:41,397
The powerful jaws gently pick up each hatchling
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00:43:41,397 --> 00:43:43,209
as it emerges.
382
00:44:03,328 --> 00:44:06,161
Then she carries them down to the river.
383
00:44:24,903 --> 00:44:27,424
The beach with the many breeding females
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00:44:27,424 --> 00:44:30,564
is witnessing the same special event.
385
00:44:30,564 --> 00:44:34,492
The dominant female's hatchlings are the first to emerge.
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00:44:38,575 --> 00:44:42,318
She is running a little late, and as the sun rises,
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00:44:42,318 --> 00:44:45,228
is still busy carrying them to the water.
388
00:44:54,196 --> 00:44:56,997
The thicknees have also had a new arrival.
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00:44:59,190 --> 00:45:02,222
Their chick has hatched just in time for them to be able
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00:45:02,222 --> 00:45:05,642
to leave the beach along with their crocodile neighbors.
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00:45:07,944 --> 00:45:11,674
But before they do so, they witness a tragic event.
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00:45:13,744 --> 00:45:16,327
A young female crocodile is sitting next to
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00:45:16,327 --> 00:45:18,493
the open nest of her neighbor.
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00:45:25,860 --> 00:45:28,554
A few hatchlings are still inside.
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00:45:36,192 --> 00:45:38,171
She is showing a more than curious
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00:45:38,171 --> 00:45:40,617
interest in the hatchlings.
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00:45:45,208 --> 00:45:48,611
She even dares to pick up some of the babies,
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00:45:48,611 --> 00:45:51,580
a dangerous and foolhardy act.
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00:45:51,580 --> 00:45:55,589
(tense music)
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00:45:58,880 --> 00:46:01,277
The angry mother restrains herself
401
00:46:01,277 --> 00:46:04,110
to protect the delicate hatchlings.
402
00:46:05,608 --> 00:46:08,766
(crocodile mother growling)
403
00:46:18,986 --> 00:46:22,512
Despite the attacks from the older, dominant female,
404
00:46:22,512 --> 00:46:25,343
the younger crocodile does not back down,
405
00:46:25,343 --> 00:46:27,912
and refuses to move from the nest.
406
00:46:41,535 --> 00:46:45,077
There appears to be a truce, and the older female
407
00:46:45,077 --> 00:46:48,359
continues carrying hatchlings to the water.
408
00:46:58,672 --> 00:47:01,239
Now the younger female also follows
409
00:47:01,239 --> 00:47:03,330
with a mouthful of babies.
410
00:47:12,607 --> 00:47:15,564
But the conflict has not been resolved.
411
00:47:15,564 --> 00:47:17,961
Tensions rise again.
412
00:47:17,961 --> 00:47:21,549
(tense music)
413
00:47:21,549 --> 00:47:25,279
(crocodiles growling)
414
00:47:52,265 --> 00:47:55,407
(crocodile hissing)
415
00:48:08,597 --> 00:48:11,628
This extraordinary behavior of two females
416
00:48:11,628 --> 00:48:15,374
fighting over the same hatchlings can only mean one thing.
417
00:48:16,670 --> 00:48:20,926
The nest and babies actually belong to the younger female.
418
00:48:23,367 --> 00:48:27,141
With so many nests side by side, the older animal
419
00:48:27,141 --> 00:48:30,883
probably couldn't resist the calls of the hatchlings,
420
00:48:30,883 --> 00:48:34,892
and dug them up, claiming them as her own.
421
00:48:38,586 --> 00:48:41,867
The youngsters are all safely in the water.
422
00:48:45,762 --> 00:48:49,133
Nile crocodile hatchlings are cared for by their mother
423
00:48:49,133 --> 00:48:51,100
for up to two years.
424
00:48:54,113 --> 00:48:56,944
Now both females are in the water,
425
00:48:56,944 --> 00:49:00,890
and appear to join forces in maternal duties.
426
00:49:08,280 --> 00:49:11,141
The young crocodiles will probably do well,
427
00:49:11,141 --> 00:49:13,711
being cared for by two mothers.
428
00:49:16,292 --> 00:49:18,720
They are more likely to survive the first
429
00:49:18,720 --> 00:49:20,826
critical months of their lives.
430
00:49:25,417 --> 00:49:27,783
But the eggs of the older female are still
431
00:49:27,783 --> 00:49:29,890
buried in the stand.
432
00:49:29,890 --> 00:49:33,883
Her young will presumably call for her in vain.
433
00:49:39,649 --> 00:49:43,531
The tiny crocodiles are already able hunters,
434
00:49:43,531 --> 00:49:46,812
snapping at everything that moves.
435
00:49:48,975 --> 00:49:53,089
And one day, they too will become both caring parents,
436
00:49:53,089 --> 00:49:55,799
and formidable predators.
437
00:49:55,799 --> 00:50:00,270
(dramatic music)
33987
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