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[Music]
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you've always asked how the people go to
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the loo and dresses like this and
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there's an answer thank you
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this is a fourth aloof it's an amazing
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invention secret chamber pot so what you
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do is you slip under here and nobody
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knows what I'm doing
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perhaps feels a lot better morning I'm
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dr. Lucy Worsley she curator at historic
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royal palaces based here at Hampton
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Court not a daily office as a historian
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though I'm fascinated not just by grand
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palaces but also by the more intimate
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moments of object in history and by how
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they inform our lives today oh it's
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exciting it's exciting in this series
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I'll be treating the story of British
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domestic life through four rooms the
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bathroom the bedroom the living room and
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the kitchen from the homes of the Middle
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Ages to the present day I'll be
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exploring the ways that our attitudes
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and habits have changed I'll be meeting
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some extraordinary people slowing us and
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doing some lover odd things
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this time from rebuilding Britain's
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first flushing toilet I just can't
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believe this is going to go right first
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time to taking a Victorian ladies bar
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I'll be discovering how the bathroom has
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developed over the past seven hundred
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years so in the Victorian age who
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becomes to do
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[Music]
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you
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in our modern houses we take so much for
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granted all that comfort privacy and
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technology that allows them to function
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yet all these things have taken
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centuries to develop in every room in
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the house has its own fascinating story
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this time I'll be exploring the history
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of the bathroom the room which has taken
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the longest to evolve yet the one we now
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consider to be the most essential in the
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house this is a very desirable bathroom
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with the power shower and the double
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sinks and the big luxurious bath tub hot
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water on tap and round that allude to
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flush everything away but it's
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extraordinary when you consider that
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fifty years ago many houses didn't even
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house plumbed in bath and a hundred
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years before that the bathroom is a
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specialized room didn't even exist so
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how did all this technology come to be
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developed and without it how did people
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keep themselves clean
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[Music]
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my story starts in medieval England
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today we think of bathrooms as intensely
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private places but in the Middle Ages
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everything from washing and grooming to
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going to the toilets took place in
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public in buildings just like this one
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no functioning medieval bath houses
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exist in Britain today so I come to
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these modern baths in London's East End
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to have a steam bath with my fellow
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historian Sally Dixon Smith I've got the
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idea that mint evil people were really
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smelly and they never washed but I think
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I'm wrong answer you are it's very
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widely held misconception I think
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because of this idea that the cheaters
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and the Stewart's are very smelly and
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medieval people must have absolutely
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stunk to high heaven but it's not the
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case all houses were very common in
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medieval cities and people would go
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quite regularly the fashion for bathing
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had been established by medieval night
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after years fighting the Crusades in the
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east they returned home not only with
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citrus fruits and spices but also with a
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tastes of steam baths called hammam 700
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years after Britain's Roman bastards
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fallen into ruin bath houses were now
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built in every city there were various
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ways of creating steam you could heat up
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rocks or heat up tiles and ceramics in
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the fire and then either cast water on
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them or plunge them into water to heat
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the water
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you could also pipe in steam from baked
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houses nearby from their ovens in order
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to warm up the steam house and people
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would also put sort of spices and herbs
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in the water to give a lovely smell and
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be rinsed down with rose water so all in
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all it must be a lovely experience and
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most surprisingly of all bathing was
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mixed men and women in there together
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than just sometimes being used for shady
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business people were meeting people who
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weren't their husband or wife but you do
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get that implication you get that quite
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a lot in literature that it's something
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that husbands fear is that their wives
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are going to go to the bathhouse and
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meet their lovers but who knows that's
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literature you know Lancelot always
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seems to get propositioned whenever he
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has a bath but then lots lots kind of
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James
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James Bond always gets proposition when
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every other bar in london's baths or
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scuse as they were called you could have
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your haircuts listen to music get a
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shave or eat a meal and they were so
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popular that they were soon licensed not
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just for bathing a Bishop of Winchester
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for instance in Southwark licensed bath
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houses and licensed prostitution
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essentially and so some of the some of
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the women working about dark houses were
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known as wagtails the bishops wagtails
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and this may be the origin of why people
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why women can be referred to as birds
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today but you would have been very
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respectful in the bathhouse because you
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have your hair covered oh and although
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there was a great sense of nudity or but
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you might see people naked that women
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should still keep their hair covered
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because that was particularly sort of
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private and sexual and so only
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prostitutes would have their hair down
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like valium so today you're very
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indiscreet the people in medieval
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England were quite surprisingly clean
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bathing keeping their houses clean in
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fact in towns if you didn't keep your
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house key you could be shut up before a
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course of nuisance and given the
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equivalents of an ass code told you how
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to do a better job if smells and your
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property offended anybody else but both
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houses did fall out of fashion by the
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junipers they just became too much
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associated with prostitution they still
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existed that they were now in the
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Spaniards and banning turning to
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bordello
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but it wasn't only bathing that was a
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mixed communal activity in medieval
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London on the river just near the bath
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houses were also the public views we're
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on the mobs and London Bridge but this
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picture shows its predecessor the
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ancient London Bridge you think it's
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covered with houses there are hundred
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thirty-eight houses on the bridge and
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they have their own communal toilet it's
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very famous in London's first public
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toilets it was used by the residents and
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also by travelers arriving into the city
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and you can see how sensible it was to
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put the toilet on the groom all the ways
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could pull straight down and be washed
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away by the river all of London to
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others we use sinister and with no model
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loo paper they have some interesting
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alternative we mean search that's a very
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important question and how they wipe
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their rotten personally the legacy of
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the ruins are alive and well the sponge
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on the sixth of the highest synthesis
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I'd be very comfortable and convenient
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also a book of instructions to enable
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household recommends that the master use
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a piece of linen for blankets also clean
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and convenient and comfortable lower
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down in society you have to make view of
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what you could find this is off with
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straw lead that sort of thing and if
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that wasn't available there's one more
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alternative
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by the end of the Middle Ages Britain's
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love affair with communal bathing was
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coming to an end by the end of the
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sixteenth century
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bathing had fallen out of fashion people
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just weren't washing like they had done
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in the medieval period there are a
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couple of reasons for this firstly it
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was quite hard to find clean water in
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crowded to the circuits secondly there
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was a medical reason there was this new
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idea that sickness could be transmitted
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through the air called miasma and if you
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were bathing in hot water and your pores
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were opening up this would make you
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vulnerable to disease air carrying bad
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stuff will go in through your skin
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succeeding had become danger the plague
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arrived seven times in two hundred years
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it kills 20% of the population and
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killed off bathing as well in 1546 Hemi
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the ape shuts Britain's bath houses so
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good now with no recourse to bathrooms
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of any kind the Tudors came up with new
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theories on how to keep clean
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instead of bathing the Tudors put their
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faith in something else white linen
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under clothes
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they thought that linen worn next to the
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skin was soaked up the sweat and the
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toxins on the bodies so instead of
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washing themselves they washed their
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linen instead to understand what it must
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have been like to wash linen without the
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modern washing machine I've come to the
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Weald and down and Museum in West
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Suffolk to experience the typical Tudor
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wash days with historians Kathy
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Flowerbomb and Hanna tipped lady I felt
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like a horse oh they're making a sort of
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a filtering drainage system um it's
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really you'd be doing this a week the
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first step in the process was to make a
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soap called ly following an age-old
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method it was made by filtering water
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through a SRAM the fire Thank You Daisy
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people see it starting to interest oh
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yeah I was Kryptonian through stones and
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straw in a bucket tom is getting
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stronger and stronger
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it was then boiled down with mutton fat
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and mixed with herbs to make a
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sweet-smelling detergent actual soap
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that I would recognize and that's what
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Kathy's using over here
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so you're rubbing that directly onto the
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bits a really dirty bit of elbow
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grace necessary lots of evergreen SSS
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after being soaked in lye and scrub
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through soap the linen was then bashed
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with a bat called a beetle imagine doing
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this all day you would be really and you
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really need strong muscles to do this it
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is quite fun and physical now how these
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things the origin I'm from ball games
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the kids who are running around the
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playground mortals and the boss yes
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those women invented quickest day
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whereas the outer clothes were never
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washed under clothes to wash every week
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it was a female dominated activity the
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tudor men could still make one vital
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contribution looking for a man can I ask
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you a favor
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for centuries women have been doing the
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washing and we feel that men haven't
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been contributing enough we're hoping
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that you today can contribute some stain
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remover for what go for it and do your
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GP
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ah great you're a gent thank you happy
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washing thank you
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so while we're pouring blinds urine onto
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the sheet well it's the best thing to
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whiten things and also if you've got
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really stubborn stains grease grass or
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anything like that that is by far that
277
00:11:59,850 --> 00:12:03,030
the stain remover there ever was after
278
00:12:03,030 --> 00:12:05,520
soaking the linen in urine for two days
279
00:12:05,520 --> 00:12:08,430
they gave it a good rinse then spun it
280
00:12:08,430 --> 00:12:10,470
on a ringing post to an analyst spin
281
00:12:10,470 --> 00:12:13,110
cycle of washing machine yeah you can
282
00:12:13,110 --> 00:12:15,270
see how Reggie has to get the wet works
283
00:12:15,270 --> 00:12:17,670
then hung it out on Hawthorne hedges or
284
00:12:17,670 --> 00:12:20,190
rosemary bushes to dry Hawthorne is just
285
00:12:20,190 --> 00:12:22,200
perfect for this because the little
286
00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:23,610
prickles come through and all this in
287
00:12:23,610 --> 00:12:24,600
place absolutely
288
00:12:24,600 --> 00:12:27,960
certainly totally we've just done
289
00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:29,640
everything that a modern washing machine
290
00:12:29,640 --> 00:12:31,890
does really we soaked the clothes we
291
00:12:31,890 --> 00:12:35,250
added the detergent we agitated it and
292
00:12:35,250 --> 00:12:38,430
then we rinsed it only son it out that
293
00:12:38,430 --> 00:12:40,680
we only really washed one sheet and it
294
00:12:40,680 --> 00:12:43,950
took nearly all morning it's quite a lot
295
00:12:43,950 --> 00:12:47,310
of work really I suppose what I've
296
00:12:47,310 --> 00:12:49,950
learnt is that it shows that also we
297
00:12:49,950 --> 00:12:52,740
think to the people were dirty
298
00:12:52,740 --> 00:12:54,630
it isn't really didn't washed it is a
299
00:12:54,630 --> 00:12:57,150
it's a misconception they put a huge
300
00:12:57,150 --> 00:12:59,340
amount of effort their women was a huge
301
00:12:59,340 --> 00:13:00,630
amount of effort into making sure
302
00:13:00,630 --> 00:13:03,450
everyone had clean white linen Tudor
303
00:13:03,450 --> 00:13:05,700
England there are three levels of toilet
304
00:13:05,700 --> 00:13:08,100
the lowest were communal proving called
305
00:13:08,100 --> 00:13:10,590
Great Houses of evening next with
306
00:13:10,590 --> 00:13:12,690
chamber pods his contents were often
307
00:13:12,690 --> 00:13:15,030
thrown into the street and the rich used
308
00:13:15,030 --> 00:13:17,670
clothes tools velvet padded chairs with
309
00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:19,380
a pot inside which was carried away and
310
00:13:19,380 --> 00:13:21,780
cleaned out by the servants Elizabeth
311
00:13:21,780 --> 00:13:23,760
the first even had her own stool
312
00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:25,950
carriage that followed her wherever she
313
00:13:25,950 --> 00:13:27,470
went
314
00:13:27,470 --> 00:13:30,140
but all of a sudden in 1596 a
315
00:13:30,140 --> 00:13:32,390
revolutionary new invention arrived
316
00:13:32,390 --> 00:13:36,020
Britain's first flushing toilet it was a
317
00:13:36,020 --> 00:13:38,480
device so ahead of its time in force its
318
00:13:38,480 --> 00:13:41,870
inventor instant fame intrigued to know
319
00:13:41,870 --> 00:13:43,850
how it works I've come to a modern
320
00:13:43,850 --> 00:13:46,490
plumbers workshop in order to rebuild it
321
00:13:46,490 --> 00:13:48,770
using the original 16th century
322
00:13:48,770 --> 00:13:52,850
instructions so a is the tank I yes I
323
00:13:52,850 --> 00:13:55,610
used the tank which is now nowadays as a
324
00:13:55,610 --> 00:13:57,920
toilet system got one of those at home I
325
00:13:57,920 --> 00:13:59,540
recognize that but I didn't have fish in
326
00:13:59,540 --> 00:13:59,960
mine
327
00:13:59,960 --> 00:14:01,760
no no doubt is an added extra if you
328
00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:04,130
want it was invented by the poet Sir
329
00:14:04,130 --> 00:14:06,440
John Harington godson to Elizabeth the
330
00:14:06,440 --> 00:14:08,840
first and so impressed the Queen that it
331
00:14:08,840 --> 00:14:10,790
was installed in Richmond palace
332
00:14:10,790 --> 00:14:13,640
Sir John wrote a book describing how to
333
00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:16,640
make your worst privy as sweet as your
334
00:14:16,640 --> 00:14:18,680
best chamber and called it the
335
00:14:18,680 --> 00:14:21,140
metamorphosis of Ajax
336
00:14:21,140 --> 00:14:23,690
a pun on the Tudor word for a toilet a
337
00:14:23,690 --> 00:14:28,370
jig filtered water from the palace well
338
00:14:28,370 --> 00:14:31,130
it flushed into a private cesspit which
339
00:14:31,130 --> 00:14:32,930
was cleaned out once a month by boys
340
00:14:32,930 --> 00:14:35,810
called gongs Kara's in that time that's
341
00:14:35,810 --> 00:14:38,150
roughly equivalent of the suet yes sure
342
00:14:38,150 --> 00:14:40,670
our septic tank forever the toilets had
343
00:14:40,670 --> 00:14:43,010
two valves one at the top to flush water
344
00:14:43,010 --> 00:14:45,170
into the toilet bowl the other to
345
00:14:45,170 --> 00:14:47,930
release it into the cess pit and to save
346
00:14:47,930 --> 00:14:50,810
precious water a key was fitted so that
347
00:14:50,810 --> 00:14:52,880
only the key holder could release the
348
00:14:52,880 --> 00:14:56,600
flush after at least 20 persons had used
349
00:14:56,600 --> 00:14:58,760
it I can see how all this all sort of
350
00:14:58,760 --> 00:15:00,680
might come together it seems quite
351
00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:01,370
clever
352
00:15:01,370 --> 00:15:03,740
is it still how the toilet works today
353
00:15:03,740 --> 00:15:05,780
the essentials are exactly the same as
354
00:15:05,780 --> 00:15:08,750
this thing the same idea is what we use
355
00:15:08,750 --> 00:15:12,610
now good job Sir John Harington
356
00:15:13,540 --> 00:15:16,300
after soldiering and fixing the flush
357
00:15:16,300 --> 00:15:18,490
pipes into place we're finally ready to
358
00:15:18,490 --> 00:15:21,520
test our contraption I just can't
359
00:15:21,520 --> 00:15:23,620
believe this is going to go right first
360
00:15:23,620 --> 00:15:25,120
time there's too much potential for
361
00:15:25,120 --> 00:15:27,910
disaster here I think mas suggest we
362
00:15:27,910 --> 00:15:31,200
fill up and give it a try
363
00:15:35,709 --> 00:15:40,779
it's looking a little bit nice but it's
364
00:15:40,779 --> 00:15:43,019
going to work Syria I'm a pityingly
365
00:15:43,019 --> 00:15:45,999
tomorrow we chased the martos because
366
00:15:45,999 --> 00:15:47,589
they were brand new a little be some
367
00:15:47,589 --> 00:15:49,990
fruits so it has only just caught on so
368
00:15:49,990 --> 00:15:55,629
it seems appropriate for us Hey look at
369
00:15:55,629 --> 00:15:58,499
that is looking good
370
00:15:58,499 --> 00:16:02,129
shall we do the bottom
371
00:16:05,999 --> 00:16:08,829
see if you have all they all $1 yeah
372
00:16:08,829 --> 00:16:10,749
well we're with that Frank didn't hold
373
00:16:10,749 --> 00:16:14,410
up too well / no it's not so bad so the
374
00:16:14,410 --> 00:16:16,179
main thing is that the Somalis made its
375
00:16:16,179 --> 00:16:18,730
way beautifully down into the into the
376
00:16:18,730 --> 00:16:21,220
sisters I'm amazed Lizzie were kind the
377
00:16:21,220 --> 00:16:23,379
floors just beautiful pubs it's actually
378
00:16:23,379 --> 00:16:24,670
really effective you had a really this
379
00:16:24,670 --> 00:16:27,249
house was smooth good effort good the
380
00:16:27,249 --> 00:16:29,619
same way but despite its revolutionary
381
00:16:29,619 --> 00:16:32,170
design the Ajax is too early for its
382
00:16:32,170 --> 00:16:34,569
time and it wouldn't really r4 another
383
00:16:34,569 --> 00:16:37,209
200 years in a way it's quite surprising
384
00:16:37,209 --> 00:16:39,160
that once the flushing toilet has been
385
00:16:39,160 --> 00:16:41,620
invented it doesn't catch on but there's
386
00:16:41,620 --> 00:16:43,269
a couple of very good reasons for this
387
00:16:43,269 --> 00:16:45,939
firstly it smells it still smells
388
00:16:45,939 --> 00:16:47,559
there's nothing to stop the bad smell
389
00:16:47,559 --> 00:16:49,420
coming out and affecting the person
390
00:16:49,420 --> 00:16:52,149
who's using the toilet and secondly it's
391
00:16:52,149 --> 00:16:54,490
fixed it's a great big structure the
392
00:16:54,490 --> 00:16:56,529
Queen doesn't want that to go to the
393
00:16:56,529 --> 00:16:59,350
toilet she wasn't order to go to her so
394
00:16:59,350 --> 00:17:01,389
that's why the closed tool remains more
395
00:17:01,389 --> 00:17:03,309
popular as long as you've got someone to
396
00:17:03,309 --> 00:17:05,980
empty it for you then flushing is just a
397
00:17:05,980 --> 00:17:08,770
bit of a gimmick but whatever method the
398
00:17:08,770 --> 00:17:10,569
Elizabethans used to relieve themselves
399
00:17:10,569 --> 00:17:12,760
there was always the question of what to
400
00:17:12,760 --> 00:17:15,609
do for the consequences most houses had
401
00:17:15,609 --> 00:17:17,439
cesspits which were cleaned out by
402
00:17:17,439 --> 00:17:19,569
knights oil men and the waste was used
403
00:17:19,569 --> 00:17:22,119
for compost on market gardens but this
404
00:17:22,119 --> 00:17:24,609
cost a shilling a week many Londoners
405
00:17:24,609 --> 00:17:26,859
dumped their waste directly into the
406
00:17:26,859 --> 00:17:29,380
rivers instead to supply London with
407
00:17:29,380 --> 00:17:31,870
cleaner water it was clear that a new
408
00:17:31,870 --> 00:17:34,450
solution was needed when we turn on our
409
00:17:34,450 --> 00:17:36,650
taps in our modern bathrooms
410
00:17:36,650 --> 00:17:38,300
fresh clean water comes out it is
411
00:17:38,300 --> 00:17:40,970
something of a miracle a huge amount of
412
00:17:40,970 --> 00:17:42,770
plumbing and piping makes this all
413
00:17:42,770 --> 00:17:44,870
possible the beginnings of this
414
00:17:44,870 --> 00:17:46,640
infrastructure were laid in late
415
00:17:46,640 --> 00:17:48,860
Elizabethan London it was a crowded
416
00:17:48,860 --> 00:17:51,740
smelly dirty city its rivers were
417
00:17:51,740 --> 00:17:54,170
saluted it began to be a priority for
418
00:17:54,170 --> 00:17:56,750
Elizabethan to find an alternative to
419
00:17:56,750 --> 00:18:01,700
the stinky Hemi and that alternative was
420
00:18:01,700 --> 00:18:04,490
called the New River where I've come to
421
00:18:04,490 --> 00:18:08,690
meet the historian David ad said David
422
00:18:08,690 --> 00:18:09,980
did they come up with the idea of n
423
00:18:09,980 --> 00:18:12,980
because in Elizabethan London they
424
00:18:12,980 --> 00:18:15,080
started to realize that their sewage and
425
00:18:15,080 --> 00:18:16,700
their drinking water will all mix stuff
426
00:18:16,700 --> 00:18:18,110
together and that this wasn't suggesting
427
00:18:18,110 --> 00:18:21,140
that's absolutely it by the end of Queen
428
00:18:21,140 --> 00:18:23,030
Elizabeth's reign there were 180,000
429
00:18:23,030 --> 00:18:24,770
people living in London and they're
430
00:18:24,770 --> 00:18:26,900
welcome to have proper water supply or
431
00:18:26,900 --> 00:18:29,450
sewage systems built by Sir Hugh
432
00:18:29,450 --> 00:18:32,330
Middleton in 1613 the new river port
433
00:18:32,330 --> 00:18:34,010
water all the way from a spring in
434
00:18:34,010 --> 00:18:34,670
hartfordshire
435
00:18:34,670 --> 00:18:37,370
it took 10 years to build using a single
436
00:18:37,370 --> 00:18:39,470
plow and a hundred men digging by hand
437
00:18:39,470 --> 00:18:41,920
quite then let's have a look on your lab
438
00:18:41,920 --> 00:18:44,750
so that's pretty much the full extent of
439
00:18:44,750 --> 00:18:47,210
the new river going all the way down
440
00:18:47,210 --> 00:18:50,960
where does it start source here so it
441
00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:53,570
winds all the way along here having a
442
00:18:53,570 --> 00:18:56,510
and then down to green since we park
443
00:18:56,510 --> 00:18:58,460
isn't in the New River head they do you
444
00:18:58,460 --> 00:19:00,800
say that's 40 miles long well as the
445
00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:03,170
crow flies it's less than 20 foot
446
00:19:03,170 --> 00:19:06,170
because of all the Wiggles it was over
447
00:19:06,170 --> 00:19:07,730
40 miles when it was first constructed
448
00:19:07,730 --> 00:19:10,280
so what determines its route or what
449
00:19:10,280 --> 00:19:11,810
they were basically trying to do is to
450
00:19:11,810 --> 00:19:14,540
take advantage of gravity so rather than
451
00:19:14,540 --> 00:19:17,120
have the cost of pumping etc etc and
452
00:19:17,120 --> 00:19:18,950
long term maintenance they simply
453
00:19:18,950 --> 00:19:21,250
followed the hundred foot contour line
454
00:19:21,250 --> 00:19:23,780
that's quite a job as an engineering
455
00:19:23,780 --> 00:19:25,340
feat it's up there with the Channel
456
00:19:25,340 --> 00:19:26,930
Tunnel or the Great Western Railway
457
00:19:26,930 --> 00:19:28,850
isn't it it's actually the extraordinary
458
00:19:28,850 --> 00:19:29,890
yep
459
00:19:29,890 --> 00:19:32,350
the water ended up in reservoirs at
460
00:19:32,350 --> 00:19:34,570
Sadler's Wells somewhere it slows down
461
00:19:34,570 --> 00:19:38,760
into the city through cast wooden pipes
462
00:19:38,760 --> 00:19:41,770
they procured Elm from all the Home
463
00:19:41,770 --> 00:19:43,480
Counties I mean thousands and thousands
464
00:19:43,480 --> 00:19:45,220
of Elms and they bought them by the ton
465
00:19:45,220 --> 00:19:47,530
and they topped them into five foot
466
00:19:47,530 --> 00:19:51,160
lengths and they then bore them out so
467
00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:53,380
these are the strings of elm types there
468
00:19:53,380 --> 00:19:54,820
are particular reason for the choice of
469
00:19:54,820 --> 00:19:58,090
Elm well Elm has fairly unique
470
00:19:58,090 --> 00:19:59,650
properties it's got a sort of twisted
471
00:19:59,650 --> 00:20:03,070
grain so that that meant where the pipes
472
00:20:03,070 --> 00:20:05,470
were exposed to sunlight they were less
473
00:20:05,470 --> 00:20:07,750
likely to split me it's the best pipe
474
00:20:07,750 --> 00:20:09,580
though these pipes are just running
475
00:20:09,580 --> 00:20:11,530
along the top of the road well I meant
476
00:20:11,530 --> 00:20:13,030
going on we have seen that in this
477
00:20:13,030 --> 00:20:15,010
street here our gratefulness I think you
478
00:20:15,010 --> 00:20:16,270
probably would and there are
479
00:20:16,270 --> 00:20:19,000
descriptions in some streets and squares
480
00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:21,549
in London of as many as nine strings of
481
00:20:21,549 --> 00:20:23,710
these pipes nine quite for one size
482
00:20:23,710 --> 00:20:25,570
incredible that they can screen moves
483
00:20:25,570 --> 00:20:28,750
the character lead pipes called quills
484
00:20:28,750 --> 00:20:30,400
were then drilled into the wood and
485
00:20:30,400 --> 00:20:33,490
connected to paying customers homes for
486
00:20:33,490 --> 00:20:35,710
the first time fresh hartfordshire water
487
00:20:35,710 --> 00:20:38,049
instead of the dirty Thames could be
488
00:20:38,049 --> 00:20:40,419
used for drinking and washing it costs
489
00:20:40,419 --> 00:20:42,070
twenty four shillings a year the
490
00:20:42,070 --> 00:20:43,540
equivalent of one hundred and sixty
491
00:20:43,540 --> 00:20:46,900
pounds today it was such a successful
492
00:20:46,900 --> 00:20:48,940
system that it was still being used a
493
00:20:48,940 --> 00:21:00,820
hundred years later in Georgian here is
494
00:21:00,820 --> 00:21:03,100
the point at which water finally gets
495
00:21:03,100 --> 00:21:06,010
into the house and it comes in down here
496
00:21:06,010 --> 00:21:08,650
in these underground kitchen basements
497
00:21:08,650 --> 00:21:11,500
and there's a tap here not everybody has
498
00:21:11,500 --> 00:21:14,049
a tap and not everybody had water every
499
00:21:14,049 --> 00:21:16,090
day different streets have their own
500
00:21:16,090 --> 00:21:18,040
water day when the supply would be
501
00:21:18,040 --> 00:21:20,500
turned on for a couple of hours so when
502
00:21:20,500 --> 00:21:21,910
it was your water day you've got all
503
00:21:21,910 --> 00:21:23,200
your pots and pans you filled up
504
00:21:23,200 --> 00:21:25,419
everything you could because one for
505
00:21:25,419 --> 00:21:29,400
today was over that's it till next time
506
00:21:29,400 --> 00:21:32,080
the water was then carried upstairs to
507
00:21:32,080 --> 00:21:34,480
dressing tables set up in the corners of
508
00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:37,150
Georgian bedrooms these toilet stations
509
00:21:37,150 --> 00:21:39,429
were like modern bathrooms in miniature
510
00:21:39,429 --> 00:21:42,070
with their trio of jug bowl and washed
511
00:21:42,070 --> 00:21:43,990
and this is where George and men and
512
00:21:43,990 --> 00:21:45,900
women would have had their morning wash
513
00:21:45,900 --> 00:21:48,730
unlike today this was a social event
514
00:21:48,730 --> 00:21:51,429
wealthy people would even allow visitors
515
00:21:51,429 --> 00:21:53,860
to watch to learn more about the
516
00:21:53,860 --> 00:21:55,950
Georgian twilit I'm meeting historian
517
00:21:55,950 --> 00:21:58,390
Amanda Vickery I think I would be
518
00:21:58,390 --> 00:22:01,360
washing my face enough on my hands any
519
00:22:01,360 --> 00:22:03,760
other body parts I think the extremities
520
00:22:03,760 --> 00:22:05,740
I think the eastern sea I think the face
521
00:22:05,740 --> 00:22:07,660
and hands and sometimes of water is
522
00:22:07,660 --> 00:22:10,630
enough you know no wipe down with linen
523
00:22:10,630 --> 00:22:12,669
because again how much of your body is
524
00:22:12,669 --> 00:22:14,470
going to be seen by the world it's what
525
00:22:14,470 --> 00:22:16,780
protrudes out of your clothes
526
00:22:16,780 --> 00:22:18,309
we call this a basin it is the
527
00:22:18,309 --> 00:22:20,860
forerunner to the modern wash basin that
528
00:22:20,860 --> 00:22:23,020
we have in our bathroom today isn't it
529
00:22:23,020 --> 00:22:24,550
well I suppose this is this is the
530
00:22:24,550 --> 00:22:25,840
beginning of the idea that you're going
531
00:22:25,840 --> 00:22:28,720
to have a sink I mean some servants got
532
00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:31,059
some labour up the stairs with that hot
533
00:22:31,059 --> 00:22:33,340
water you know I do like the idea that
534
00:22:33,340 --> 00:22:36,190
the wash basin comes to me I have a go
535
00:22:36,190 --> 00:22:37,929
to the washed face well I even imagine
536
00:22:37,929 --> 00:22:39,669
it's lovely just rolling out of bed and
537
00:22:39,669 --> 00:22:41,919
there it is you know or lovely and warm
538
00:22:41,919 --> 00:22:43,720
to cater for the tastes of an
539
00:22:43,720 --> 00:22:46,330
aspirational middle class new items of
540
00:22:46,330 --> 00:22:49,090
wash we're exploded onto the market for
541
00:22:49,090 --> 00:22:51,340
men's shaving tables to a thoroughly new
542
00:22:51,340 --> 00:22:54,010
invention the bday it didn't really
543
00:22:54,010 --> 00:22:55,780
catch on dinner till they did in France
544
00:22:55,780 --> 00:22:58,210
and then the interesting thing is it
545
00:22:58,210 --> 00:22:59,559
seems that it's prostitutes and
546
00:22:59,559 --> 00:23:01,870
courtesans in France who really drive on
547
00:23:01,870 --> 00:23:04,690
the fashion for the bday so I love that
548
00:23:04,690 --> 00:23:07,030
idea really that these women who have so
549
00:23:07,030 --> 00:23:08,950
despised were actually at the forefront
550
00:23:08,950 --> 00:23:11,050
fashion because clearly it's in their
551
00:23:11,050 --> 00:23:12,640
interest to be as fresh as possible for
552
00:23:12,640 --> 00:23:12,890
them
553
00:23:12,890 --> 00:23:15,740
customer mmm but in England they are
554
00:23:15,740 --> 00:23:17,690
always viewed with great suspicion well
555
00:23:17,690 --> 00:23:19,820
is unsurprising really if it's something
556
00:23:19,820 --> 00:23:21,440
that's deployed by a French prostitute
557
00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:23,690
you can't imagine okay I'll think of all
558
00:23:23,690 --> 00:23:26,420
that's the thing for me exposed to the
559
00:23:26,420 --> 00:23:28,670
eyes of visitors a washing station was
560
00:23:28,670 --> 00:23:30,320
also a sign of status
561
00:23:30,320 --> 00:23:32,120
it was crammed with perfume bottles
562
00:23:32,120 --> 00:23:34,880
combs head scratches all the fashionable
563
00:23:34,880 --> 00:23:37,580
accoutrements including makeup so if
564
00:23:37,580 --> 00:23:38,750
this made it something that kind of
565
00:23:38,750 --> 00:23:41,380
culture Neel around well Chanel was one
566
00:23:41,380 --> 00:23:43,580
ingredient to food and the other thing
567
00:23:43,580 --> 00:23:46,610
you could do just get a red ribbon like
568
00:23:46,610 --> 00:23:48,860
this one and cut it and wetters and you
569
00:23:48,860 --> 00:23:50,900
could use that tool was allowed to slap
570
00:23:50,900 --> 00:23:52,640
the cheeks myself hahaha
571
00:23:52,640 --> 00:23:55,190
despite access to fresh water the
572
00:23:55,190 --> 00:23:57,290
toilette was more about makeup perfume
573
00:23:57,290 --> 00:24:00,080
and powder more about disguising dirt
574
00:24:00,080 --> 00:24:02,630
than washing it off and to make matters
575
00:24:02,630 --> 00:24:05,540
worse in 1712 Queen Anne imposed attacks
576
00:24:05,540 --> 00:24:08,270
on soap so burdensome that soap became a
577
00:24:08,270 --> 00:24:09,380
luxury item
578
00:24:09,380 --> 00:24:11,780
can you possibly give me half of my wig
579
00:24:11,780 --> 00:24:15,170
I'm just putting something around gave
580
00:24:15,170 --> 00:24:17,180
me a how do you mean be your server
581
00:24:17,180 --> 00:24:19,910
poker I really always think oh I'd love
582
00:24:19,910 --> 00:24:21,290
to go back in the past and I think
583
00:24:21,290 --> 00:24:23,060
they'd marry mr. Darcy but possibly the
584
00:24:23,060 --> 00:24:26,120
housemates are we related me am i
585
00:24:26,120 --> 00:24:29,830
sticking it on oh well if you want mine
586
00:24:30,100 --> 00:24:32,960
so this is a real treat Amanda if you
587
00:24:32,960 --> 00:24:34,250
want to do it just use the little
588
00:24:34,250 --> 00:24:38,150
fellows where is it now you can't
589
00:24:38,150 --> 00:24:40,720
contain that
590
00:24:41,990 --> 00:24:46,470
[Music]
591
00:24:46,470 --> 00:24:48,700
lots of people think that the 18th
592
00:24:48,700 --> 00:24:50,740
century was the age of elegance but I
593
00:24:50,740 --> 00:24:53,110
think it was the age of 40 holder
594
00:24:53,110 --> 00:24:54,820
however we have seen something very
595
00:24:54,820 --> 00:24:56,980
interesting out there that's the surface
596
00:24:56,980 --> 00:24:59,110
of modern bathrooms that little corner
597
00:24:59,110 --> 00:25:01,330
of the bedroom it has the ingredients of
598
00:25:01,330 --> 00:25:03,820
a basin fresh water even a little piece
599
00:25:03,820 --> 00:25:06,040
of soup if you could afford it so that's
600
00:25:06,040 --> 00:25:07,810
the first time we've seen part of the
601
00:25:07,810 --> 00:25:10,030
house just given over to washing and
602
00:25:10,030 --> 00:25:12,250
that corner of the bedroom will go on to
603
00:25:12,250 --> 00:25:17,320
become a whole room of its own even if
604
00:25:17,320 --> 00:25:19,420
the toilette involves more perfume and
605
00:25:19,420 --> 00:25:21,760
powder than water the concepts of
606
00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:24,130
bathing did return to prominence for the
607
00:25:24,130 --> 00:25:27,160
first time since the medieval age but
608
00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:28,930
rather than bathing in hot water to
609
00:25:28,930 --> 00:25:31,120
cleanse the body the Georgians
610
00:25:31,120 --> 00:25:33,220
preach the medicinal virtues of cold
611
00:25:33,220 --> 00:25:37,450
water in particular the water Georgian
612
00:25:37,450 --> 00:25:38,740
doctors are recommending that you
613
00:25:38,740 --> 00:25:41,310
immerse your body into seawater secure
614
00:25:41,310 --> 00:25:43,810
practically anything from constipation
615
00:25:43,810 --> 00:25:46,420
to infertility to what they call
616
00:25:46,420 --> 00:25:49,300
disorders of the codpiece economy and in
617
00:25:49,300 --> 00:25:51,190
fact the creation I like most of all is
618
00:25:51,190 --> 00:25:53,050
the one the doctor who recommends that
619
00:25:53,050 --> 00:25:55,530
you go into cold water because it will
620
00:25:55,530 --> 00:26:01,030
powerfully excite your stupid mind the
621
00:26:01,030 --> 00:26:03,790
sea was regarded as frightening so for
622
00:26:03,790 --> 00:26:05,290
those people it's like up the courage to
623
00:26:05,290 --> 00:26:07,390
get into it it was recommended they
624
00:26:07,390 --> 00:26:10,210
drink it instead and this peculiar
625
00:26:10,210 --> 00:26:12,490
looking drink is the prescription of dr.
626
00:26:12,490 --> 00:26:15,160
Richard Russell and little cure
627
00:26:15,160 --> 00:26:17,110
absolutely anything if you believe him
628
00:26:17,110 --> 00:26:19,480
is the point of seawater spoils with
629
00:26:19,480 --> 00:26:22,240
milk and cream of tartar and I'm going
630
00:26:22,240 --> 00:26:25,020
to tell you what it tastes like
631
00:26:31,720 --> 00:26:35,750
that takes exactly like bullet and I'd
632
00:26:35,750 --> 00:26:37,279
rather have a swim in the season during
633
00:26:37,279 --> 00:26:38,990
a point of that
634
00:26:38,990 --> 00:26:41,259
[Music]
635
00:26:41,259 --> 00:26:44,809
haha exciting the losers Club I can get
636
00:26:44,809 --> 00:26:47,169
again
637
00:26:48,830 --> 00:26:51,900
[Music]
638
00:26:52,970 --> 00:26:56,159
to preserve their modesty ladies wore
639
00:26:56,159 --> 00:26:58,649
long dresses weighted down with lead so
640
00:26:58,649 --> 00:27:00,090
that they wouldn't reveal anything that
641
00:27:00,090 --> 00:27:02,669
shouldn't be seen by gentlemen they were
642
00:27:02,669 --> 00:27:04,649
taken down to the waters in horse-drawn
643
00:27:04,649 --> 00:27:06,720
feeding machines and helped him by
644
00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:08,610
doctors and elderly mittens
645
00:27:08,610 --> 00:27:11,290
knew such luxury for me
646
00:27:11,290 --> 00:27:15,450
[Music]
647
00:27:15,450 --> 00:27:15,680
[Applause]
648
00:27:15,680 --> 00:27:22,660
[Music]
649
00:27:25,460 --> 00:27:28,230
lots of clumsy and all one thing please
650
00:27:28,230 --> 00:27:30,870
give us one in case they burst a
651
00:27:30,870 --> 00:27:33,000
blood-vessel say I might be going too
652
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:35,660
big too quickly around pretty rather
653
00:27:35,660 --> 00:27:38,490
hearings we present it certainly waking
654
00:27:38,490 --> 00:27:38,760
me up
655
00:27:38,760 --> 00:27:43,230
it smelled like drowsy seriously
656
00:27:43,230 --> 00:27:46,830
it's invigorated my design I really
657
00:27:46,830 --> 00:27:48,960
quite enjoy this so I can see why some
658
00:27:48,960 --> 00:27:51,000
Georgian lady for whom she must they
659
00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:56,159
never did it again over the next hundred
660
00:27:56,159 --> 00:27:59,610
years between 1750 and 1850 Britain was
661
00:27:59,610 --> 00:28:01,679
now plunge headlong into the greatest
662
00:28:01,679 --> 00:28:03,299
social and economic change in this
663
00:28:03,299 --> 00:28:06,260
history the Industrial Revolution
664
00:28:06,260 --> 00:28:09,149
alongside cotton mills and steam trains
665
00:28:09,149 --> 00:28:11,460
came gas lamps and the first kitchen
666
00:28:11,460 --> 00:28:13,679
range this age of invention would
667
00:28:13,679 --> 00:28:15,929
transform home and culminate in the
668
00:28:15,929 --> 00:28:19,080
Great Exhibition of 1851 the greatest
669
00:28:19,080 --> 00:28:21,090
showcase for British technology the
670
00:28:21,090 --> 00:28:22,429
world had ever seen
671
00:28:22,429 --> 00:28:25,980
the watchmaker Alexander coming became
672
00:28:25,980 --> 00:28:27,779
the first to reinvent the John
673
00:28:27,779 --> 00:28:31,590
Harrington's Ajax toilet in 1775 but it
674
00:28:31,590 --> 00:28:33,389
was at the Great Exhibition so the
675
00:28:33,389 --> 00:28:35,250
masses would not only see new pieces of
676
00:28:35,250 --> 00:28:37,919
bathroom technology but also used the
677
00:28:37,919 --> 00:28:40,620
flushing toilet for the first time the
678
00:28:40,620 --> 00:28:42,240
lack of public toilets had once
679
00:28:42,240 --> 00:28:44,549
restricted women's mobility outside the
680
00:28:44,549 --> 00:28:47,159
home but now the streets of London could
681
00:28:47,159 --> 00:28:50,549
potentially be transformed 51 Bedford
682
00:28:50,549 --> 00:28:51,899
Street is not a well known address but
683
00:28:51,899 --> 00:28:53,639
it's so important in the history of
684
00:28:53,639 --> 00:28:55,799
London it's now a news agents that this
685
00:28:55,799 --> 00:28:58,049
is where the first public toilets for
686
00:28:58,049 --> 00:29:00,659
women were this is just in the wait is a
687
00:29:00,659 --> 00:29:03,659
great exhibition of 1851 where over
688
00:29:03,659 --> 00:29:05,909
800,000 people use the public loo and
689
00:29:05,909 --> 00:29:08,309
really impress five unfortunately it
690
00:29:08,309 --> 00:29:09,960
didn't really catch on here there are
691
00:29:09,960 --> 00:29:12,450
two reasons for this firstly women were
692
00:29:12,450 --> 00:29:14,760
ashamed to be seen for using a public
693
00:29:14,760 --> 00:29:16,500
toilet women weren't supposed to go they
694
00:29:16,500 --> 00:29:18,419
also weren't expected to be out on the
695
00:29:18,419 --> 00:29:20,700
streets of the city secondly it was
696
00:29:20,700 --> 00:29:22,710
expensive it costs you tough and start
697
00:29:22,710 --> 00:29:24,870
to use the toilet another to to wash
698
00:29:24,870 --> 00:29:27,570
your hands so that's open not exactly
699
00:29:27,570 --> 00:29:30,740
spending a penny is it
700
00:29:31,120 --> 00:29:32,280
[Music]
701
00:29:32,280 --> 00:29:34,410
the public knew didn't catch on
702
00:29:34,410 --> 00:29:36,870
immediately but the flushing toilets did
703
00:29:36,870 --> 00:29:39,300
and the main beneficiary of this new
704
00:29:39,300 --> 00:29:41,670
revolution was not a person but a city
705
00:29:41,670 --> 00:29:43,170
stoke-on-trent
706
00:29:43,170 --> 00:29:45,240
a regional hub of the Industrial
707
00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:47,430
Revolution it was here in the kilns of
708
00:29:47,430 --> 00:29:49,500
its potteries that the world's toilets
709
00:29:49,500 --> 00:29:52,710
would be made in a gallery devoted
710
00:29:52,710 --> 00:29:55,320
entirely to the humble loo I'm meeting
711
00:29:55,320 --> 00:29:57,900
Angela Lee a curator who knows more
712
00:29:57,900 --> 00:30:01,160
about toilets than anyone else on earth
713
00:30:01,160 --> 00:30:04,080
so stoke-on-trent it's really the toilet
714
00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:06,270
capital of the world isn't it I've never
715
00:30:06,270 --> 00:30:08,760
seen so many different toilets before is
716
00:30:08,760 --> 00:30:10,860
it treated the largest collection in the
717
00:30:10,860 --> 00:30:14,190
whole world area this museum is filled
718
00:30:14,190 --> 00:30:16,560
with hundreds of toilets all of which
719
00:30:16,560 --> 00:30:18,510
were patented by a number of competing
720
00:30:18,510 --> 00:30:21,660
Victorian inventors the most famous of
721
00:30:21,660 --> 00:30:23,220
them all was Thomas Crapper
722
00:30:23,220 --> 00:30:25,530
a man who many believed to have been the
723
00:30:25,530 --> 00:30:28,110
sole inventor of the flushing loop it
724
00:30:28,110 --> 00:30:29,880
would be great if you could explain for
725
00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:32,790
me the myth of Thomas Crapper Thomas
726
00:30:32,790 --> 00:30:33,210
Crapper
727
00:30:33,210 --> 00:30:36,150
is important in sanitation history but
728
00:30:36,150 --> 00:30:37,560
not for the reasons that people think
729
00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:39,780
use he didn't invent the flushing no he
730
00:30:39,780 --> 00:30:41,670
didn't event the flushing toilet because
731
00:30:41,670 --> 00:30:44,160
no one person did and crap doesn't come
732
00:30:44,160 --> 00:30:45,900
from his name that's such a
733
00:30:45,900 --> 00:30:48,450
disappointment you know and it's a
734
00:30:48,450 --> 00:30:52,050
really old word meaning rubbish or waste
735
00:30:52,050 --> 00:30:54,120
or something you desperately want to get
736
00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:55,980
rid of in the 18th century people were
737
00:30:55,980 --> 00:30:58,440
using chamber pots and closed stools in
738
00:30:58,440 --> 00:31:00,330
different rooms of the house sometimes
739
00:31:00,330 --> 00:31:03,120
with other people present but now this
740
00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:05,820
becomes the completely solitary activity
741
00:31:05,820 --> 00:31:08,520
because merci there has always been a
742
00:31:08,520 --> 00:31:10,860
sense of privacy if you could afford it
743
00:31:10,860 --> 00:31:13,440
say in the Victorian age who becomes
744
00:31:13,440 --> 00:31:15,960
taboo I mean certainly didn't want to be
745
00:31:15,960 --> 00:31:17,490
seen and that was a problem with the
746
00:31:17,490 --> 00:31:20,910
early toys I went jolly noisy so quite
747
00:31:20,910 --> 00:31:23,640
often what would happen was you'd use
748
00:31:23,640 --> 00:31:25,890
the chamber port and then empty into
749
00:31:25,890 --> 00:31:27,480
your flushing toilet where there was
750
00:31:27,480 --> 00:31:29,180
nobody else around
751
00:31:29,180 --> 00:31:32,310
Elizabeth the first Ajax had failed to
752
00:31:32,310 --> 00:31:34,470
prevent noxious gases rising up its
753
00:31:34,470 --> 00:31:36,960
pipes and into the palace but all these
754
00:31:36,960 --> 00:31:39,360
toilets seated the great technological
755
00:31:39,360 --> 00:31:41,850
breakthrough you bend and s-bend
756
00:31:41,850 --> 00:31:44,070
pipes when flushed the curve of the
757
00:31:44,070 --> 00:31:46,740
pipes created water trap which prevented
758
00:31:46,740 --> 00:31:49,820
smells from coming back up into the room
759
00:31:49,820 --> 00:31:52,620
with this design breakthrough toilets of
760
00:31:52,620 --> 00:31:54,810
all shapes and sizes flooded the market
761
00:31:54,810 --> 00:31:57,300
determined to win over the public with
762
00:31:57,300 --> 00:32:01,410
some fabulous names it seems to me that
763
00:32:01,410 --> 00:32:03,240
people are inventing new types of toilet
764
00:32:03,240 --> 00:32:04,830
every 10 minutes throughout the 19th
765
00:32:04,830 --> 00:32:06,930
century certainly 1870s
766
00:32:06,930 --> 00:32:08,430
it's like mobile phones they're going
767
00:32:08,430 --> 00:32:09,900
off in all different directions every
768
00:32:09,900 --> 00:32:12,030
company wants to get to this new big
769
00:32:12,030 --> 00:32:15,750
market of making toilets but then 10 15
770
00:32:15,750 --> 00:32:18,330
years later is all settled and we have
771
00:32:18,330 --> 00:32:19,740
the British Standard toilet the toilet
772
00:32:19,740 --> 00:32:23,880
we know today as Victorian England fell
773
00:32:23,880 --> 00:32:26,100
under the spell of the flushing loo the
774
00:32:26,100 --> 00:32:28,740
sudden surge in mass flushing created a
775
00:32:28,740 --> 00:32:31,250
major public's problems
776
00:32:31,250 --> 00:32:33,770
in order to see just how big a problem
777
00:32:33,770 --> 00:32:35,750
it was I've come to the northern out
778
00:32:35,750 --> 00:32:38,929
board sewer in London until the 1840s
779
00:32:38,929 --> 00:32:41,360
your own Serge with your own problem you
780
00:32:41,360 --> 00:32:43,159
kept it in your own separate that the
781
00:32:43,159 --> 00:32:45,020
long to your house or you paid
782
00:32:45,020 --> 00:32:47,360
night-night romance takes away what
783
00:32:47,360 --> 00:32:48,919
happens in the 1840s is that the
784
00:32:48,919 --> 00:32:50,240
government says you've got a link up
785
00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:52,850
your water closet he's a general James
786
00:32:52,850 --> 00:32:55,610
which he used for surface water it was a
787
00:32:55,610 --> 00:32:57,530
good idea but it just didn't work if the
788
00:32:57,530 --> 00:32:58,880
James couldn't take it they weren't
789
00:32:58,880 --> 00:33:00,919
designed for it and literally if there's
790
00:33:00,919 --> 00:33:03,010
a storm or the surge came back up
791
00:33:03,010 --> 00:33:06,080
exploded all over Hoban if it's for
792
00:33:06,080 --> 00:33:10,940
example 1858 was the great think when
793
00:33:10,940 --> 00:33:13,250
the thames was absolutely horrific and
794
00:33:13,250 --> 00:33:15,830
everyone realized london needed new
795
00:33:15,830 --> 00:33:18,350
drains the answer for solution to the
796
00:33:18,350 --> 00:33:21,940
whole problem we can see it down there
797
00:33:21,940 --> 00:33:24,890
and that solution with the world's first
798
00:33:24,890 --> 00:33:27,409
purpose-built sewer system built by the
799
00:33:27,409 --> 00:33:30,290
engineer Joseph passenger
800
00:33:30,290 --> 00:33:33,820
I think they could just lower me now
801
00:33:33,820 --> 00:33:38,360
like like a carpet it's like they're
802
00:33:38,360 --> 00:33:44,290
Laden over extend out the heavens or the
803
00:33:44,290 --> 00:33:47,330
loose Stanny come cuddle more steps
804
00:33:47,330 --> 00:33:49,100
don't marry didn't say about couple
805
00:33:49,100 --> 00:33:54,140
advil all right am i standing an actual
806
00:33:54,140 --> 00:33:56,360
tool here you are indeed yeah
807
00:33:56,360 --> 00:33:58,000
you're not actually making it yet right
808
00:33:58,000 --> 00:34:03,140
they are top Alex welcome to barrel
809
00:34:03,140 --> 00:34:04,880
number three of the northern outfall sir
810
00:34:04,880 --> 00:34:06,590
I can see why people say the scissor
811
00:34:06,590 --> 00:34:08,540
like a Cathedral sister is a bitch
812
00:34:08,540 --> 00:34:13,370
she's and caring and spectacular are you
813
00:34:13,370 --> 00:34:15,440
impressed as an engineer today with what
814
00:34:15,440 --> 00:34:18,350
gas injected you think he was good at
815
00:34:18,350 --> 00:34:22,909
this job she was gladion office three
816
00:34:22,909 --> 00:34:25,370
cholera epidemics as swept over london
817
00:34:25,370 --> 00:34:27,739
by the mid 1800s killing more than a
818
00:34:27,739 --> 00:34:30,199
hundred thousand cholera was still
819
00:34:30,199 --> 00:34:31,880
believed to be transmitted through bad
820
00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:34,790
air or miasma the sewers were designed
821
00:34:34,790 --> 00:34:36,830
to enclose it and London's waste
822
00:34:36,830 --> 00:34:38,929
carrying it away from the rivers for the
823
00:34:38,929 --> 00:34:42,050
first time measuring 1,300 miles and
824
00:34:42,050 --> 00:34:44,360
built in just nine years this remarkable
825
00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:46,940
feat was followed by similar schemes all
826
00:34:46,940 --> 00:34:49,070
over the land there babbled n is amazing
827
00:34:49,070 --> 00:34:53,330
stores they allowed the Morgan Barton to
828
00:34:53,330 --> 00:34:55,580
happen you couldn't have water closets
829
00:34:55,580 --> 00:34:58,340
until valchek came along and made this
830
00:34:58,340 --> 00:35:01,970
transformation with the creation of the
831
00:35:01,970 --> 00:35:04,280
sewers and a citywide net worth of lead
832
00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:06,410
pipes to replace the wooden pipes as a
833
00:35:06,410 --> 00:35:08,540
past house it could now be built with a
834
00:35:08,540 --> 00:35:11,270
wonderful new feature pipes water which
835
00:35:11,270 --> 00:35:13,460
went not just to the basement but to all
836
00:35:13,460 --> 00:35:15,860
areas of the house in particular to a
837
00:35:15,860 --> 00:35:19,270
completely new room the bathroom
838
00:35:19,270 --> 00:35:21,520
in order to see some really advanced
839
00:35:21,520 --> 00:35:23,680
Victorian plumbing I've come to this
840
00:35:23,680 --> 00:35:26,290
London house I'm being shown around by
841
00:35:26,290 --> 00:35:30,070
his curator Rina Suleiman essentially
842
00:35:30,070 --> 00:35:33,100
used by the servants and they had a what
843
00:35:33,100 --> 00:35:35,680
they called a revolving wash basin or
844
00:35:35,680 --> 00:35:38,020
the pickup sink you have your wash you
845
00:35:38,020 --> 00:35:42,070
revolve it and the water rushes out and
846
00:35:42,070 --> 00:35:43,540
you can see right down the dreamer
847
00:35:43,540 --> 00:35:44,650
that's how it works
848
00:35:44,650 --> 00:35:47,680
this house was rented in the 1870s by
849
00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:50,290
the artist lynly Sanborn it came not
850
00:35:50,290 --> 00:35:52,180
only with the downstairs toilet but also
851
00:35:52,180 --> 00:35:55,600
plumbed in bathrooms for mrs. Sanborn
852
00:35:55,600 --> 00:35:57,400
though being connected to the sewers was
853
00:35:57,400 --> 00:36:00,310
not a wander but a curse here we go so
854
00:36:00,310 --> 00:36:03,670
this is mrs. Sanborn bedroom and this is
855
00:36:03,670 --> 00:36:06,670
her own London washing station but it
856
00:36:06,670 --> 00:36:07,900
would have been considered quite a von
857
00:36:07,900 --> 00:36:10,180
guard at the time now I've got this idea
858
00:36:10,180 --> 00:36:13,090
that she well she didn't like drains and
859
00:36:13,090 --> 00:36:14,680
having been down the sewer I can really
860
00:36:14,680 --> 00:36:16,240
understand that it was disgusting down
861
00:36:16,240 --> 00:36:18,910
there and she kept the plug in all time
862
00:36:18,910 --> 00:36:21,610
she did and not only did she keep the
863
00:36:21,610 --> 00:36:23,740
tugging but she hardly ever used it she
864
00:36:23,740 --> 00:36:25,630
doesn't like that she's still using the
865
00:36:25,630 --> 00:36:27,040
old system which is all laid out here
866
00:36:27,040 --> 00:36:28,900
and that down there is the chamber pot
867
00:36:28,900 --> 00:36:30,609
which she's still using even though
868
00:36:30,609 --> 00:36:32,950
there are three plumbed in toilets in
869
00:36:32,950 --> 00:36:34,750
this house now I don't blame her because
870
00:36:34,750 --> 00:36:36,910
it's kind of nicer in here than it is in
871
00:36:36,910 --> 00:36:40,119
the cold stony bathroom and people would
872
00:36:40,119 --> 00:36:41,800
have seen how if she'd gone to the
873
00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:45,070
bathroom which is immodest yes also
874
00:36:45,070 --> 00:36:46,359
given the costumes that they were
875
00:36:46,359 --> 00:36:47,560
wearing as well it would have been quite
876
00:36:47,560 --> 00:36:49,570
cumbersome I've myriad of skirts that
877
00:36:49,570 --> 00:36:51,430
they had underneath and to be able to
878
00:36:51,430 --> 00:36:53,200
pull those up you'd need to be in
879
00:36:53,200 --> 00:36:55,240
private in a big room with a chamber pot
880
00:36:55,240 --> 00:36:57,090
yeah
881
00:36:57,090 --> 00:37:00,880
and mrs. Sanborn was not alone in Dundee
882
00:37:00,880 --> 00:37:02,890
and mrs. Fowler claims to have been
883
00:37:02,890 --> 00:37:04,960
poisoned by the proximity of her bedroom
884
00:37:04,960 --> 00:37:08,470
sink to the city's main sewer mr.
885
00:37:08,470 --> 00:37:10,990
Sanborn however had a little more faith
886
00:37:10,990 --> 00:37:15,940
in his plumbing we're in a recognizably
887
00:37:15,940 --> 00:37:18,700
modern bathroom to the first time yes
888
00:37:18,700 --> 00:37:21,430
here it is this is the 1880s is it the
889
00:37:21,430 --> 00:37:24,910
DFS foot in you go mr. Sanborn had a
890
00:37:24,910 --> 00:37:26,890
cold bath here every morning that he
891
00:37:26,890 --> 00:37:29,410
didn't have hot water yet although as an
892
00:37:29,410 --> 00:37:31,360
artist keen to explore the new medium of
893
00:37:31,360 --> 00:37:33,940
photography he didn't use the bath just
894
00:37:33,940 --> 00:37:37,330
for bathing this whole bath was designed
895
00:37:37,330 --> 00:37:40,090
to house his chemical so this shelf was
896
00:37:40,090 --> 00:37:43,320
fitted Daria so when I was doing the
897
00:37:43,320 --> 00:37:45,490
photographic stuff he'd open up the
898
00:37:45,490 --> 00:37:48,610
shelf and that's all the equipment on
899
00:37:48,610 --> 00:37:51,730
here yes God looking sisters here there
900
00:37:51,730 --> 00:37:53,350
are interesting I was getting on with
901
00:37:53,350 --> 00:37:55,600
Billy Photography was very key to who
902
00:37:55,600 --> 00:37:57,550
the way that he worked here asserted
903
00:37:57,550 --> 00:37:59,830
them as his pencil sketches and he would
904
00:37:59,830 --> 00:38:02,470
develop these photographs and trace them
905
00:38:02,470 --> 00:38:05,410
and do final drawings for punch a little
906
00:38:05,410 --> 00:38:07,060
bit absolutely essential that all these
907
00:38:07,060 --> 00:38:11,230
ladies were naked no no and what did his
908
00:38:11,230 --> 00:38:13,150
wife think about all of this well the
909
00:38:13,150 --> 00:38:15,070
interesting thing is mrs. King who is
910
00:38:15,070 --> 00:38:17,350
one of sanborns favorite models who came
911
00:38:17,350 --> 00:38:19,510
here and to be photographed and that's
912
00:38:19,510 --> 00:38:21,700
actually that table survives and is in
913
00:38:21,700 --> 00:38:24,460
the morning room and that's in his a
914
00:38:24,460 --> 00:38:26,410
morning room in his own house yes did
915
00:38:26,410 --> 00:38:28,060
his wife know that mrs. King was sitting
916
00:38:28,060 --> 00:38:29,560
in the morning room was no closer well
917
00:38:29,560 --> 00:38:31,090
no well if you have to read their
918
00:38:31,090 --> 00:38:33,010
Diaries in parallel for that particular
919
00:38:33,010 --> 00:38:34,870
day so she's actually holidaying in
920
00:38:34,870 --> 00:38:37,180
Ramsgate Assoc well out of the way when
921
00:38:37,180 --> 00:38:39,430
mrs. and he's given the servants the day
922
00:38:39,430 --> 00:38:44,710
off I've got a book of bathroom porn
923
00:38:44,710 --> 00:38:47,520
here it's full of new technologies
924
00:38:47,520 --> 00:38:49,450
exploded in the late 19th century
925
00:38:49,450 --> 00:38:55,300
between 1855 and 99 4700 people applied
926
00:38:55,300 --> 00:38:58,090
for a patent to do with some new bit of
927
00:38:58,090 --> 00:39:01,260
bathroom kit and the middle classes are
928
00:39:01,260 --> 00:39:03,340
creating bathrooms that we would
929
00:39:03,340 --> 00:39:05,260
recognize that is where it all starts in
930
00:39:05,260 --> 00:39:05,790
the late night
931
00:39:05,790 --> 00:39:09,360
a century where as toilet technology had
932
00:39:09,360 --> 00:39:11,850
been the obsession at the 1840s now it
933
00:39:11,850 --> 00:39:13,470
was the turn of other fixtures and
934
00:39:13,470 --> 00:39:16,830
fittings there's things in this book
935
00:39:16,830 --> 00:39:19,890
like power showers there's one here that
936
00:39:19,890 --> 00:39:21,930
looks just like the Rainmaker shower
937
00:39:21,930 --> 00:39:24,270
that you can get in hugely expensive
938
00:39:24,270 --> 00:39:26,310
Charles Dickens had a shower that was
939
00:39:26,310 --> 00:39:29,580
called this demon that you are that what
940
00:39:29,580 --> 00:39:31,590
all these patents revealed was that
941
00:39:31,590 --> 00:39:33,180
bathing had now become an established
942
00:39:33,180 --> 00:39:36,150
part of middle-class life theories on
943
00:39:36,150 --> 00:39:38,130
the role of miasma or bad air in
944
00:39:38,130 --> 00:39:40,530
spreading disease were finally debunked
945
00:39:40,530 --> 00:39:42,480
by the discovery of germs in the late
946
00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:43,410
19th century
947
00:39:43,410 --> 00:39:45,900
now daily bathing was no longer seen as
948
00:39:45,900 --> 00:39:48,590
a novelty but as a medical necessity
949
00:39:48,590 --> 00:39:51,420
soon even people lowered down the social
950
00:39:51,420 --> 00:39:53,610
scale began to see improvements in
951
00:39:53,610 --> 00:39:56,550
sanitation so in order to see how the
952
00:39:56,550 --> 00:39:58,710
other half lived I've come to the back
953
00:39:58,710 --> 00:40:00,930
to facts in Birmingham a series of
954
00:40:00,930 --> 00:40:03,000
nineteenth-century workers houses built
955
00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:05,490
literally back to back where I'm being
956
00:40:05,490 --> 00:40:07,800
guided around the communal yard by local
957
00:40:07,800 --> 00:40:10,530
historian Chris cough most back-to-backs
958
00:40:10,530 --> 00:40:12,150
have them and they were usually in the
959
00:40:12,150 --> 00:40:14,100
corner of the yard
960
00:40:14,100 --> 00:40:17,850
this is 87 1970 foot woods and a
961
00:40:17,850 --> 00:40:19,740
flushing toilet flush away into the new
962
00:40:19,740 --> 00:40:21,540
sewage system from the victorian sewage
963
00:40:21,540 --> 00:40:24,720
system we've got 11 houses and only
964
00:40:24,720 --> 00:40:25,890
three previous what they would have been
965
00:40:25,890 --> 00:40:28,380
for with early for previous up to 60
966
00:40:28,380 --> 00:40:30,510
people showing photos 60 people were
967
00:40:30,510 --> 00:40:31,980
using these four do you think there were
968
00:40:31,980 --> 00:40:33,690
sometimes cubes out here that that could
969
00:40:33,690 --> 00:40:35,880
have been but the door was closed
970
00:40:35,880 --> 00:40:37,470
you never knew then there was no locks
971
00:40:37,470 --> 00:40:41,160
so you go and they go are mini up yeah
972
00:40:41,160 --> 00:40:43,440
so you'd have to wait and despite the
973
00:40:43,440 --> 00:40:45,180
invention of commercially manufactured
974
00:40:45,180 --> 00:40:48,630
toilet paper in 1863 users of these
975
00:40:48,630 --> 00:40:50,670
previous resorted to less expensive ways
976
00:40:50,670 --> 00:40:53,220
of wiping their bottoms and just
977
00:40:53,220 --> 00:40:56,340
repairing some Victorian toilet paper as
978
00:40:56,340 --> 00:40:58,470
would have been used in this Victorian
979
00:40:58,470 --> 00:41:02,040
fury here at the back to back they would
980
00:41:02,040 --> 00:41:05,250
have been using waste paper newspaper
981
00:41:05,250 --> 00:41:09,150
junk paper and in fact even today if I
982
00:41:09,150 --> 00:41:11,250
get junk mail through my letterbox I
983
00:41:11,250 --> 00:41:13,320
might well describe the some bits of old
984
00:41:13,320 --> 00:41:17,100
paper thumps and that word originally
985
00:41:17,100 --> 00:41:19,380
meant some fodder you talk about waste
986
00:41:19,380 --> 00:41:19,680
pay
987
00:41:19,680 --> 00:41:21,090
at some important because you would
988
00:41:21,090 --> 00:41:25,100
literally use it to wipe your bottom
989
00:41:25,580 --> 00:41:28,230
but despite the breakthrough of flushing
990
00:41:28,230 --> 00:41:29,880
toilets the back to back
991
00:41:29,880 --> 00:41:32,310
that's where bathroom technology ended
992
00:41:32,310 --> 00:41:35,190
with just one tap in the yard and little
993
00:41:35,190 --> 00:41:37,920
access to clean water instead of bathing
994
00:41:37,920 --> 00:41:39,750
the women went to enormous lengths to
995
00:41:39,750 --> 00:41:41,910
keep their family's clothes clean
996
00:41:41,910 --> 00:41:44,670
a legacy seemingly unchanged since the
997
00:41:44,670 --> 00:41:47,430
Tudor age here we are what you call int
998
00:41:47,430 --> 00:41:49,110
is not the brew house that were anything
999
00:41:49,110 --> 00:41:49,890
down there
1000
00:41:49,890 --> 00:41:51,900
Brewis the brewers threw in the paris
1001
00:41:51,900 --> 00:41:54,270
i'ma gonna light the fire because that's
1002
00:41:54,270 --> 00:41:56,790
the first job of the day the single
1003
00:41:56,790 --> 00:41:58,710
Victorian copper used to heat up the
1004
00:41:58,710 --> 00:42:01,230
water was shared between all 11 houses
1005
00:42:01,230 --> 00:42:05,220
so wash day was every 11 days quite a
1006
00:42:05,220 --> 00:42:07,080
hard day for the latest I would stop
1007
00:42:07,080 --> 00:42:10,740
really early yeah just get to sit here
1008
00:42:10,740 --> 00:42:13,040
looking at this and war we are huh no
1009
00:42:13,040 --> 00:42:15,990
lots of jobs to do bring me out there
1010
00:42:15,990 --> 00:42:18,900
though alongside the copper the women
1011
00:42:18,900 --> 00:42:21,630
had mangles dollies and Canadian Coons
1012
00:42:21,630 --> 00:42:23,820
making the process of washing a little
1013
00:42:23,820 --> 00:42:26,040
easier than it was in cuter times so
1014
00:42:26,040 --> 00:42:28,380
this is like a pre preparations awesome
1015
00:42:28,380 --> 00:42:30,720
you start you pretty much right after a
1016
00:42:30,720 --> 00:42:33,390
vigorous pre-wash called a pause the
1017
00:42:33,390 --> 00:42:35,250
boiling copper was then prepared with
1018
00:42:35,250 --> 00:42:37,530
new commercially available soaps it's
1019
00:42:37,530 --> 00:42:40,200
supporting you so so much have a go I
1020
00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:42,600
would mind your fingers while you do
1021
00:42:42,600 --> 00:42:47,130
yeah in 1853 someone finally decided
1022
00:42:47,130 --> 00:42:49,410
that it would be better for the hygiene
1023
00:42:49,410 --> 00:42:51,480
of the nation of soap wasn't text the
1024
00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:52,680
government actually gave a million
1025
00:42:52,680 --> 00:42:54,690
pounds of revenue as a result of that
1026
00:42:54,690 --> 00:42:57,150
decision start on the other hand you
1027
00:42:57,150 --> 00:42:59,070
know hygiene becomes much better than
1028
00:42:59,070 --> 00:43:01,560
each other it is the age of soup after
1029
00:43:01,560 --> 00:43:03,240
William Gladstone the Chancellor of the
1030
00:43:03,240 --> 00:43:03,930
Exchequer
1031
00:43:03,930 --> 00:43:06,000
repealed soap tax for the first time
1032
00:43:06,000 --> 00:43:08,820
since 1712 so became much more readily
1033
00:43:08,820 --> 00:43:11,340
available from the Pasha pears and palm
1034
00:43:11,340 --> 00:43:13,410
olives to the more affordable but
1035
00:43:13,410 --> 00:43:15,810
horrible smelling carbolic when people
1036
00:43:15,810 --> 00:43:17,520
wanted to have a boss did they heat up
1037
00:43:17,520 --> 00:43:19,620
the water for that in here yes well yes
1038
00:43:19,620 --> 00:43:22,980
and that would have been augmented was
1039
00:43:22,980 --> 00:43:25,020
buffeted on the stove in the house yes
1040
00:43:25,020 --> 00:43:26,700
you would use the gun kettles and sauce
1041
00:43:26,700 --> 00:43:29,310
pans on your stove in the house the bath
1042
00:43:29,310 --> 00:43:31,080
the old tin bath sometimes they were on
1043
00:43:31,080 --> 00:43:32,730
the top of the cellar head but sometimes
1044
00:43:32,730 --> 00:43:33,549
they were kept as
1045
00:43:33,549 --> 00:43:35,529
communal one that was kept within the
1046
00:43:35,529 --> 00:43:37,449
Brewers so you take that and you set up
1047
00:43:37,449 --> 00:43:39,880
in your kitchen in the warmest place in
1048
00:43:39,880 --> 00:43:41,649
that has right in front of the fire and
1049
00:43:41,649 --> 00:43:43,630
then they fill it just once for the
1050
00:43:43,630 --> 00:43:44,259
whole family
1051
00:43:44,259 --> 00:43:45,969
absolutely latex you can show you how
1052
00:43:45,969 --> 00:43:48,039
much trouble and I will absolutely so
1053
00:43:48,039 --> 00:43:49,209
you would take buckets and buckets
1054
00:43:49,209 --> 00:43:51,939
across and you would start to fill it up
1055
00:43:51,939 --> 00:43:54,819
you'd use the old carbolic again and dad
1056
00:43:54,819 --> 00:43:56,559
would go in probably first and it would
1057
00:43:56,559 --> 00:43:58,989
go down all the family until it got to
1058
00:43:58,989 --> 00:44:00,880
the children and you could probably get
1059
00:44:00,880 --> 00:44:03,159
two or three of the children together in
1060
00:44:03,159 --> 00:44:05,079
yeah the same water if you're very
1061
00:44:05,079 --> 00:44:07,239
dirtiest poor service Lester the
1062
00:44:07,239 --> 00:44:10,149
smallest maybe usually yeah yeah I mean
1063
00:44:10,149 --> 00:44:12,249
a survival of the fittest fellas yeah
1064
00:44:12,249 --> 00:44:15,130
yeah I'm the old phrase Sam's throwing
1065
00:44:15,130 --> 00:44:16,630
the baby out with the bathwater it's
1066
00:44:16,630 --> 00:44:20,969
probably good you couldn't find much
1067
00:44:20,969 --> 00:44:23,169
private bathrooms might have been out of
1068
00:44:23,169 --> 00:44:25,599
reach for working-class people but those
1069
00:44:25,599 --> 00:44:27,489
at the upper end of society rejected
1070
00:44:27,489 --> 00:44:30,809
plumbing for entirely different reasons
1071
00:44:30,809 --> 00:44:33,369
with legions of servants to heat up
1072
00:44:33,369 --> 00:44:35,499
their hot water they simply didn't need
1073
00:44:35,499 --> 00:44:38,880
it in fact here at Chadron as a
1074
00:44:38,880 --> 00:44:41,199
heartbreaking story of poor little
1075
00:44:41,199 --> 00:44:42,969
housemaid fourteen years old
1076
00:44:42,969 --> 00:44:44,889
whose job it was to fill up the big
1077
00:44:44,889 --> 00:44:47,589
boiling copper in the morning 50 buckets
1078
00:44:47,589 --> 00:44:49,809
of water every day she has to pour into
1079
00:44:49,809 --> 00:44:52,869
that thing at Shugborough Hall it was
1080
00:44:52,869 --> 00:44:54,669
the house maids job to prepare lady
1081
00:44:54,669 --> 00:44:57,399
Anson saw in her bedroom twice a week
1082
00:44:57,399 --> 00:44:59,559
I've always wanted to experience for
1083
00:44:59,559 --> 00:45:02,380
myself just how much hard work it was to
1084
00:45:02,380 --> 00:45:07,389
fill up a bath I'm getting a sense of it
1085
00:45:07,389 --> 00:45:10,179
already the bedroom is miles away I'm
1086
00:45:10,179 --> 00:45:12,880
wondering what I've taken on here and
1087
00:45:12,880 --> 00:45:15,099
then carry the hot water all the way out
1088
00:45:15,099 --> 00:45:17,900
there it is a bath
1089
00:45:17,900 --> 00:45:20,870
in Grand houses like this not only was
1090
00:45:20,870 --> 00:45:23,090
plumbing teams middle class and soldier
1091
00:45:23,090 --> 00:45:25,130
but worst of all Victorian pipes could
1092
00:45:25,130 --> 00:45:27,470
burst and wreak havoc on the fabric of
1093
00:45:27,470 --> 00:45:30,790
an 18th century mansion
1094
00:45:31,660 --> 00:45:43,919
[Music]
1095
00:45:45,730 --> 00:45:49,900
I reckon the housemaid was a lot fitter
1096
00:45:49,900 --> 00:45:52,660
than the lady of the house
1097
00:45:52,660 --> 00:46:03,270
[Music]
1098
00:46:03,270 --> 00:46:06,069
after 50 trips by the humble house made
1099
00:46:06,069 --> 00:46:08,079
the semi dress from mistress of the
1100
00:46:08,079 --> 00:46:10,089
house we'll get into what she would call
1101
00:46:10,089 --> 00:46:17,530
her mother's feet bath although I'm in a
1102
00:46:17,530 --> 00:46:20,079
super luxurious bedroom my boss could be
1103
00:46:20,079 --> 00:46:22,869
more luxurious I'm using carbolic soap
1104
00:46:22,869 --> 00:46:26,530
I'm using a rough sponge and I'm still
1105
00:46:26,530 --> 00:46:29,970
wearing my shift I'm not sort of
1106
00:46:29,970 --> 00:46:32,140
luxuriating in the water because
1107
00:46:32,140 --> 00:46:34,210
upper-class ladies still had quite a
1108
00:46:34,210 --> 00:46:37,119
puritanical suspicious attitude towards
1109
00:46:37,119 --> 00:46:39,700
bathing it was considered degenerate to
1110
00:46:39,700 --> 00:46:41,260
Lal about in the water something that
1111
00:46:41,260 --> 00:46:43,210
your husband's French mistress might do
1112
00:46:43,210 --> 00:46:44,859
rather than something a proper English
1113
00:46:44,859 --> 00:46:49,329
girl would do I read a brilliant lady's
1114
00:46:49,329 --> 00:46:52,180
hygiene manual from 1844 saying that
1115
00:46:52,180 --> 00:46:55,510
certain parts mustn't be washed more
1116
00:46:55,510 --> 00:46:57,130
than once a day to do so would be
1117
00:46:57,130 --> 00:46:58,359
degenerate and it would lead to
1118
00:46:58,359 --> 00:47:01,150
unfortunate consequences must never be
1119
00:47:01,150 --> 00:47:02,710
done so um
1120
00:47:02,710 --> 00:47:05,829
upper-class ladies went on bathing and
1121
00:47:05,829 --> 00:47:08,470
these rather sort of ramshackle camping
1122
00:47:08,470 --> 00:47:10,599
like conditions right into the 20th
1123
00:47:10,599 --> 00:47:10,960
century
1124
00:47:10,960 --> 00:47:13,329
well after hot water and plumbing and
1125
00:47:13,329 --> 00:47:15,339
bathrooms were available and it's
1126
00:47:15,339 --> 00:47:17,260
hilarious when all the dollar princesses
1127
00:47:17,260 --> 00:47:19,450
the American heiresses come over to
1128
00:47:19,450 --> 00:47:21,579
marry English aristocrats in the late
1129
00:47:21,579 --> 00:47:23,470
19th and early 20th centuries and
1130
00:47:23,470 --> 00:47:24,970
they're shocked by the primitive
1131
00:47:24,970 --> 00:47:27,760
conditions they find in English country
1132
00:47:27,760 --> 00:47:32,349
houses it wouldn't be until 1910 but
1133
00:47:32,349 --> 00:47:34,180
Shugborough would finally get its first
1134
00:47:34,180 --> 00:47:36,730
bathroom in an age that would see huge
1135
00:47:36,730 --> 00:47:38,740
advances in the provision of hot water
1136
00:47:38,740 --> 00:47:42,310
to the home the first Victorian systems
1137
00:47:42,310 --> 00:47:44,619
that heated up hot water directly from
1138
00:47:44,619 --> 00:47:47,170
the kitchen range but the laying on of
1139
00:47:47,170 --> 00:47:49,599
gas in the late 19th century gave rise
1140
00:47:49,599 --> 00:47:51,579
to geezer baths which had to be lit by
1141
00:47:51,579 --> 00:47:54,099
hand and which had a terrifying tendency
1142
00:47:54,099 --> 00:47:55,670
to explode
1143
00:47:55,670 --> 00:47:58,610
and finally the early 20th century saw
1144
00:47:58,610 --> 00:48:00,710
the great breakthrough the invention of
1145
00:48:00,710 --> 00:48:03,200
the high pressure circulating gas boiler
1146
00:48:03,200 --> 00:48:05,390
this was the final piece of the jigsaw
1147
00:48:05,390 --> 00:48:08,480
and the modern bathroom was complete by
1148
00:48:08,480 --> 00:48:10,250
the beginning of the 20th century they
1149
00:48:10,250 --> 00:48:11,570
looked like things were coming together
1150
00:48:11,570 --> 00:48:13,910
for the bathroom hot water was available
1151
00:48:13,910 --> 00:48:15,680
the plumbing was in place people
1152
00:48:15,680 --> 00:48:17,390
understood that it was healthy for them
1153
00:48:17,390 --> 00:48:19,040
to keep their forties clean but there
1154
00:48:19,040 --> 00:48:20,720
was one thing missing before people
1155
00:48:20,720 --> 00:48:24,050
could enjoy a guilt-free wallow in a hot
1156
00:48:24,050 --> 00:48:26,270
spot there needed to be a change in the
1157
00:48:26,270 --> 00:48:28,790
moral climate this only happens after
1158
00:48:28,790 --> 00:48:31,070
the First World War and there were two
1159
00:48:31,070 --> 00:48:33,050
main reasons for it the first was
1160
00:48:33,050 --> 00:48:35,240
Hollywood on the silver screen people
1161
00:48:35,240 --> 00:48:37,460
could see film stars wallowing in below
1162
00:48:37,460 --> 00:48:39,860
bus taking telephone calls making it all
1163
00:48:39,860 --> 00:48:42,050
perfectly normal and the second
1164
00:48:42,050 --> 00:48:43,940
influence was the places where film
1165
00:48:43,940 --> 00:48:47,090
stars themselves stayed in London luxury
1166
00:48:47,090 --> 00:48:50,320
hotels like this one
1167
00:48:51,120 --> 00:48:53,380
Victorian hotels were built with only
1168
00:48:53,380 --> 00:48:56,350
one bathroom for every floor but these
1169
00:48:56,350 --> 00:48:59,070
hotels had an ensuite in every room and
1170
00:48:59,070 --> 00:49:01,660
so to get me ready for the glamour of
1171
00:49:01,660 --> 00:49:04,150
the 1930s bathroom I'm having a
1172
00:49:04,150 --> 00:49:06,400
Hollywood makeover with the help of all
1173
00:49:06,400 --> 00:49:10,600
the latest versus beauty products it's a
1174
00:49:10,600 --> 00:49:13,960
teeny tiny razor a rapid shampoo which
1175
00:49:13,960 --> 00:49:25,050
requires no rinsing turn into film star
1176
00:49:25,050 --> 00:49:39,750
it's amazing so this is a bathroom in
1177
00:49:39,750 --> 00:49:42,460
1932 it's totally different from its
1178
00:49:42,460 --> 00:49:45,310
Victorian predecessor Victorian
1179
00:49:45,310 --> 00:49:47,680
bathrooms were masculine places very
1180
00:49:47,680 --> 00:49:49,870
functional probably designed for washing
1181
00:49:49,870 --> 00:49:52,060
yourself in cold water but this is a
1182
00:49:52,060 --> 00:49:54,490
room for enjoying yourself just
1183
00:49:54,490 --> 00:49:56,530
happiness isn't it this is Hollywood
1184
00:49:56,530 --> 00:50:00,450
glamour brought into English society and
1185
00:50:00,450 --> 00:50:04,390
you can just imagine a film star covered
1186
00:50:04,390 --> 00:50:06,370
in bubbles sipping a cocktail maybe
1187
00:50:06,370 --> 00:50:08,770
having a smoke in there and because
1188
00:50:08,770 --> 00:50:11,140
she's got lovely Marcel waves like mine
1189
00:50:11,140 --> 00:50:13,690
doesn't want to get her hair wet and so
1190
00:50:13,690 --> 00:50:15,250
probably using this very cunning
1191
00:50:15,250 --> 00:50:17,620
shoulder shower look at that there's the
1192
00:50:17,620 --> 00:50:19,570
main shower and there's the shoulders
1193
00:50:19,570 --> 00:50:21,760
shallow so you can get your dude wet and
1194
00:50:21,760 --> 00:50:26,590
you can also have an office you'll hit
1195
00:50:26,590 --> 00:50:29,050
some in the mood while you're in the bus
1196
00:50:29,050 --> 00:50:32,110
and the valet as well although the suite
1197
00:50:32,110 --> 00:50:34,420
is very plain white in here it's set off
1198
00:50:34,420 --> 00:50:37,180
with veined marble to show that this is
1199
00:50:37,180 --> 00:50:39,940
no ordinary bathroom clearly a place to
1200
00:50:39,940 --> 00:50:41,370
enjoy yourself
1201
00:50:41,370 --> 00:50:44,260
now that the bathroom was established as
1202
00:50:44,260 --> 00:50:47,230
a place of relaxation and luxury it was
1203
00:50:47,230 --> 00:50:48,670
in the private building boom of the
1204
00:50:48,670 --> 00:50:51,490
1930s that hot water bar things became
1205
00:50:51,490 --> 00:50:54,640
standard in most middle-class homes
1206
00:50:54,640 --> 00:50:57,049
so people living at the back to back
1207
00:50:57,049 --> 00:50:59,779
however it wouldn't be until way into
1208
00:50:59,779 --> 00:51:02,180
the 1950s that they too would finally
1209
00:51:02,180 --> 00:51:05,359
follow suit trying to pull order the
1210
00:51:05,359 --> 00:51:09,049
1951 census revealed that 37 percent of
1211
00:51:09,049 --> 00:51:10,789
British households still didn't have a
1212
00:51:10,789 --> 00:51:13,849
plumbed in bath for 22 percent not even
1213
00:51:13,849 --> 00:51:16,369
having a hot tub though Britain's slums
1214
00:51:16,369 --> 00:51:18,650
were cleared to rehouse 3 million people
1215
00:51:18,650 --> 00:51:22,029
in new flats all with built in bathrooms
1216
00:51:22,029 --> 00:51:24,440
the friend David how'd you like a new
1217
00:51:24,440 --> 00:51:26,630
home and yes linking what you're
1218
00:51:26,630 --> 00:51:27,799
particularly liked about it
1219
00:51:27,799 --> 00:51:30,349
well we don't have to boil every drop of
1220
00:51:30,349 --> 00:51:32,690
water now whereas in the old days we did
1221
00:51:32,690 --> 00:51:35,420
and also we have a toilet to us out
1222
00:51:35,420 --> 00:51:37,940
there whereas in the other hand you have
1223
00:51:37,940 --> 00:51:39,950
to share one lotta water across the
1224
00:51:39,950 --> 00:51:40,579
earth
1225
00:51:40,579 --> 00:51:42,769
now that bathroom technology had
1226
00:51:42,769 --> 00:51:44,900
established herself the main thing to
1227
00:51:44,900 --> 00:51:46,759
change over the last 50 years has been
1228
00:51:46,759 --> 00:51:50,630
the styling in the 1960s we got jacuzzis
1229
00:51:50,630 --> 00:51:52,789
and shower chandeliers sit for the
1230
00:51:52,789 --> 00:51:56,299
sexual revolution in the 1970s James
1231
00:51:56,299 --> 00:51:58,729
Bond's age we got colored Suites and
1232
00:51:58,729 --> 00:52:01,700
solid gold taps and toilets the lovely
1233
00:52:01,700 --> 00:52:03,650
Victorian wash hand basin and in the
1234
00:52:03,650 --> 00:52:05,479
1980s we went right back to the
1235
00:52:05,479 --> 00:52:07,549
beginning with a lover questionable
1236
00:52:07,549 --> 00:52:10,369
Victorian revival but its rounded head
1237
00:52:10,369 --> 00:52:13,609
square foot curved lip and the bore and
1238
00:52:13,609 --> 00:52:17,269
clawed feet no matter what technological
1239
00:52:17,269 --> 00:52:18,979
wizardry is available in the modern
1240
00:52:18,979 --> 00:52:21,259
bathroom today what we want from it
1241
00:52:21,259 --> 00:52:24,829
hasn't changed since the 1930s so I'm
1242
00:52:24,829 --> 00:52:26,930
not going to turn that gorgeous 1930s
1243
00:52:26,930 --> 00:52:29,160
bathroom down
1244
00:52:29,160 --> 00:52:31,289
the parkings had really remarkable
1245
00:52:31,289 --> 00:52:33,869
journey because 150 years ago it didn't
1246
00:52:33,869 --> 00:52:36,990
even exist it's Canton no room to one of
1247
00:52:36,990 --> 00:52:40,019
the most luxurious and pleasurable rooms
1248
00:52:40,019 --> 00:52:42,980
in the house today bathrooms are about
1249
00:52:42,980 --> 00:52:46,529
technology and gadgets everybody wants
1250
00:52:46,529 --> 00:52:49,019
their own people are converting spare
1251
00:52:49,019 --> 00:52:50,849
bedrooms into bathrooms there
1252
00:52:50,849 --> 00:52:52,769
everybody's got ensuite and that's
1253
00:52:52,769 --> 00:52:55,529
because somehow essential to modern life
1254
00:52:55,529 --> 00:52:57,630
they're places where you withdraw from
1255
00:52:57,630 --> 00:52:59,430
the world that places where you pamper
1256
00:52:59,430 --> 00:53:01,710
yourself recover be your true self
1257
00:53:01,710 --> 00:53:03,839
without anybody watching you for once
1258
00:53:03,839 --> 00:53:06,779
and the one room in the whole house that
1259
00:53:06,779 --> 00:53:08,880
still has a lock on the door
1260
00:53:08,880 --> 00:53:16,380
keep out next time the bedroom from the
1261
00:53:16,380 --> 00:53:19,049
communal medieval hall to the glamorous
1262
00:53:19,049 --> 00:53:21,000
boudoir cilinders for you this morning
1263
00:53:21,000 --> 00:53:22,920
brother I'll be seeing how the bedrooms
1264
00:53:22,920 --> 00:53:24,690
development has affected our most
1265
00:53:24,690 --> 00:53:26,730
private moment you'll see like the
1266
00:53:26,730 --> 00:53:28,559
person in the horror film who says that
1267
00:53:28,559 --> 00:53:30,750
in there every day is holy
1268
00:53:30,750 --> 00:00:00,000
[Music]
143412
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