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1
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Hello.
2
00:00:24,417 --> 00:00:25,658
Now throughout the years,
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I've done so many
different kinds of work,
4
00:00:28,125 --> 00:00:29,286
but never this kind.
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00:00:29,583 --> 00:00:32,621
A narrator
of a documentary film.
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So why now?
7
00:00:34,542 --> 00:00:35,908
Why this film?
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00:00:36,208 --> 00:00:38,416
Well, because it is
an important film
9
00:00:38,708 --> 00:00:40,290
with an important message
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00:00:40,583 --> 00:00:42,916
created by a man that
I've admired for years...
11
00:00:43,208 --> 00:00:44,995
Jean-Michel Cousteau.
12
00:00:45,292 --> 00:00:46,828
Now, when I first saw
the footage,
13
00:00:47,125 --> 00:00:49,583
I have to admit,
I was blown away.
14
00:00:49,875 --> 00:00:52,333
So I knew I wanted
to be involved in some way.
15
00:00:52,625 --> 00:00:55,413
And that's precisely
Jean-Michel's aim,
16
00:00:55,708 --> 00:00:57,916
to get people involved.
17
00:00:58,208 --> 00:00:59,574
Jean-Michel reminds us
18
00:00:59,875 --> 00:01:01,207
that we all need to contribute
19
00:01:01,500 --> 00:01:04,083
to the change that must come,
20
00:01:04,375 --> 00:01:05,911
that the decisions
our leaders make
21
00:01:06,208 --> 00:01:08,200
and the choices
we individuals make
22
00:01:08,500 --> 00:01:10,787
will determine the future
of the ocean
23
00:01:11,083 --> 00:01:14,406
and our own survival
on planet Earth.
24
00:01:14,708 --> 00:01:16,995
As governor and now
as a private citizen,
25
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I, too, have been
fighting for change
26
00:01:19,708 --> 00:01:21,040
and for a clean environment
27
00:01:21,333 --> 00:01:24,747
and to make people aware
of this very important issue.
28
00:01:25,042 --> 00:01:27,785
So, I am pleased
to lend my voice
29
00:01:28,083 --> 00:01:30,575
to this unique
film experience.
30
00:01:30,875 --> 00:01:34,198
Jean-Michel has created
a declaration of love
31
00:01:34,500 --> 00:01:36,742
to the living beauty
of the ocean.
32
00:01:37,042 --> 00:01:39,659
Because like his father
Jacques Cousteau,
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00:01:39,958 --> 00:01:44,658
Jean-Michel believes that
you only protect what you love,
34
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and he's absolutely
correct in that.
35
00:01:47,083 --> 00:01:49,746
So let's get started
and fall in love
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00:01:50,042 --> 00:01:51,999
with the "Wonders of the Sea."
37
00:01:52,292 --> 00:01:53,292
Hmm?
38
00:01:56,458 --> 00:01:58,165
He was Cousteau.
39
00:01:58,458 --> 00:01:59,949
Jacques Cousteau.
40
00:02:00,250 --> 00:02:02,708
A pioneer of the ocean.
41
00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:04,912
Back in the 1940s,
42
00:02:05,208 --> 00:02:08,497
when diving gear was clunky
and confining,
43
00:02:08,792 --> 00:02:11,000
Cousteau co-invented
the aqualung,
44
00:02:11,292 --> 00:02:13,579
allowing divers
to dive longer,
45
00:02:13,875 --> 00:02:16,083
deeper,
and more freely...
46
00:02:16,375 --> 00:02:19,698
free to discover
and document.
47
00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:21,582
He also made great strides
48
00:02:21,875 --> 00:02:24,162
in the art
of underwater filming.
49
00:02:24,458 --> 00:02:28,577
Together, these innovations
meant that Cousteau's team
50
00:02:28,875 --> 00:02:31,492
could go where no one
had gone before,
51
00:02:31,792 --> 00:02:34,580
capture images
previously unseen,
52
00:02:34,875 --> 00:02:39,745
and share them with millions
around the world.
53
00:02:40,042 --> 00:02:44,116
We are all in debt to the pioneer work
of Jacques Cousteau,
54
00:02:44,417 --> 00:02:48,411
and in a sense, modern divers
are all his children.
55
00:02:48,708 --> 00:02:51,200
But I was his first.
56
00:02:51,500 --> 00:02:53,457
I am Jean-Michel Cousteau.
57
00:02:53,750 --> 00:02:56,663
I was only seven,
skinny, like my dad,
58
00:02:56,958 --> 00:03:00,497
when my mother Simone
slid fins on my feet
59
00:03:00,792 --> 00:03:03,956
and my father strapped
a scuba tank on my back
60
00:03:04,250 --> 00:03:06,116
and pushed me overboard.
61
00:03:06,417 --> 00:03:08,534
And my life changed forever.
62
00:03:08,833 --> 00:03:12,497
From there on,
I, too, was a diver.
63
00:03:12,792 --> 00:03:15,284
I, too, was a Cousteau.
64
00:04:28,750 --> 00:04:31,037
And my children,
Céline and Fabien,
65
00:04:31,333 --> 00:04:33,871
without a doubt,
they, too, are Cousteaus,
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00:04:34,167 --> 00:04:36,910
working to raise awareness
to affect opinion
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00:04:37,208 --> 00:04:41,031
through their own expeditions
and their own films.
68
00:04:41,333 --> 00:04:44,997
But this time, it was important
for me to invite them along,
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00:04:45,292 --> 00:04:48,080
to combine forces,
you might say.
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00:04:48,375 --> 00:04:49,616
It's actually been years
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00:04:49,917 --> 00:04:52,159
since we did a project
like this together.
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00:04:52,458 --> 00:04:53,994
It's big and ambitious
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00:04:54,292 --> 00:04:55,328
and important.
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00:04:55,625 --> 00:04:57,287
Who could say no?
75
00:05:06,833 --> 00:05:10,702
Ahead, a voyage
of over 8,000 miles
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00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:14,869
to explore some major
ocean habitats.
77
00:05:15,167 --> 00:05:17,659
And we start here in Fiji.
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00:05:20,750 --> 00:05:22,710
I think we're gonna have
an opportunity to show...
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00:05:22,917 --> 00:05:24,909
Marine biologist
Holly Lohuis
80
00:05:25,208 --> 00:05:27,791
and cinematographer
Gavin McKinney
81
00:05:28,083 --> 00:05:29,415
round out the team
82
00:05:29,708 --> 00:05:32,701
and are practically family
as well.
83
00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:36,994
Jean-Michel is really excited
about the new technology.
84
00:05:37,292 --> 00:05:40,990
That's a big part of his motivation
this time around.
85
00:05:41,292 --> 00:05:43,579
The aim is to capture
not only large sea life,
86
00:05:43,875 --> 00:05:47,539
but also the smallest creatures
and tiniest movements
87
00:05:47,833 --> 00:05:50,200
and behaviors that even divers
have never experienced.
88
00:06:00,750 --> 00:06:03,993
Here,
and all around the tropics,
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00:06:04,292 --> 00:06:07,364
is the pulsating heart
of the ocean...
90
00:06:07,667 --> 00:06:09,158
the coral reef.
91
00:06:09,458 --> 00:06:12,075
If we compare the endless
waters of an ocean
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00:06:12,375 --> 00:06:14,492
to the endless sands
of a desert,
93
00:06:14,792 --> 00:06:17,535
then the coral reef
is its oasis.
94
00:06:17,833 --> 00:06:19,825
When the reef is healthy
and thriving,
95
00:06:20,125 --> 00:06:23,539
it is a haven full of life.
96
00:06:55,042 --> 00:06:58,706
But what are coral reefs?
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00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:00,411
They look like stone,
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00:07:00,708 --> 00:07:02,700
but they are alive.
99
00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:04,241
They look like plants,
100
00:07:04,542 --> 00:07:07,785
but in fact,
they are all animals.
101
00:07:08,083 --> 00:07:11,247
Tiny sea creatures
called coral polyps
102
00:07:11,542 --> 00:07:13,204
huddle together in colonies
103
00:07:13,500 --> 00:07:15,457
and form a common
limestone skeleton
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00:07:15,750 --> 00:07:16,991
for protection.
105
00:07:17,292 --> 00:07:19,750
Skeletons build
on skeletons,
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00:07:20,042 --> 00:07:23,786
and over centuries, grow into
great rocky structures.
107
00:07:24,083 --> 00:07:27,406
We know of about 800
different species of coral,
108
00:07:27,708 --> 00:07:29,244
and different they are.
109
00:07:29,542 --> 00:07:33,456
Some build rigid limestone
castles around themselves,
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00:07:33,750 --> 00:07:36,493
and some are soft
and sway gently
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00:07:36,792 --> 00:07:39,000
like grass in a breeze.
112
00:07:39,292 --> 00:07:42,160
And yet others,
like these sea fans,
113
00:07:42,458 --> 00:07:45,781
remind us of the leaves
of some exotic vegetation,
114
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or this curled up
basket star.
115
00:07:49,708 --> 00:07:52,780
But they're all animals.
116
00:07:53,083 --> 00:07:54,995
They are, in fact,
gentle predators
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that move and hunt
in their own subtle way,
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not only to survive,
119
00:08:00,958 --> 00:08:04,076
but to secure the survival
of the ocean.
120
00:08:30,375 --> 00:08:33,664
The variety of form and color
of the corals is stunning.
121
00:08:35,958 --> 00:08:38,200
Their motion may seem
like the passive swaying
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of straw in the breeze,
but what you see
123
00:08:41,292 --> 00:08:43,784
is in fact
the deliberate reaching,
124
00:08:44,083 --> 00:08:47,497
grabbing, and devouring
of a hungry hunter.
125
00:09:20,667 --> 00:09:24,707
We are so easily impressed
by the larger species,
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00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:27,788
the darling dolphins,
the scary sharks,
127
00:09:28,083 --> 00:09:30,951
the whales and walruses.
128
00:09:31,250 --> 00:09:35,620
But this time, I also want
to capture the tiny wonders,
129
00:09:35,917 --> 00:09:37,783
not only for their beauty,
130
00:09:38,083 --> 00:09:40,416
but for their significance.
131
00:09:41,833 --> 00:09:44,371
Meet the Christmas tree worm.
132
00:10:47,917 --> 00:10:51,615
They are tiny and timid
and flamboyant.
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00:10:51,917 --> 00:10:53,124
The Christmas tree worm,
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00:10:53,417 --> 00:10:55,625
like so many other
sea creatures,
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00:10:55,917 --> 00:10:59,331
have a name inspired by
their particular appearance.
136
00:10:59,625 --> 00:11:01,036
But the Christmas tree worm
137
00:11:01,333 --> 00:11:04,747
is more worm than tree.
138
00:11:05,042 --> 00:11:08,285
For its meals,
in unfurls its feathery plumes
139
00:11:08,583 --> 00:11:11,075
and filters plankton
from the passing current.
140
00:11:28,250 --> 00:11:31,414
Plankton means
"wanderer" of "drifter."
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00:11:31,708 --> 00:11:34,997
They're small,
often microscopic organisms.
142
00:11:35,292 --> 00:11:37,579
But for many of the
stationary reef dwellers,
143
00:11:37,875 --> 00:11:41,198
like the coral clam
or these feather duster worms,
144
00:11:41,500 --> 00:11:45,414
food that delivers itself
is a necessity.
145
00:12:28,375 --> 00:12:31,539
It's so large,
it may be hard to spot
146
00:12:31,833 --> 00:12:35,156
in its surroundings here
on the sea floor.
147
00:12:36,875 --> 00:12:40,869
Right before me
is a giant clam.
148
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The clams we eat for dinner
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00:12:47,958 --> 00:12:50,871
may each weigh
one or two ounces.
150
00:12:51,167 --> 00:12:54,990
But a giant clam
can weigh over 500 pounds
151
00:12:55,292 --> 00:12:57,409
and live for a century.
152
00:12:57,708 --> 00:12:59,574
It's impressive
that an organism
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that can't hunt or gather
154
00:13:01,500 --> 00:13:03,162
and that can't
move around at all
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00:13:03,458 --> 00:13:06,075
manages to attain
such proportions.
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00:13:12,917 --> 00:13:15,125
Two items are on the menu,
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the plankton it filters
from the currents
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00:13:18,083 --> 00:13:20,370
and the food produced
by algae that lives
159
00:13:20,667 --> 00:13:22,283
within its fleshy interior.
160
00:13:54,500 --> 00:13:56,913
Although it's both
male and female,
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it can't inseminate itself.
162
00:13:59,875 --> 00:14:02,947
The giant clam discharges
both sperm and eggs
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00:14:03,250 --> 00:14:04,786
into the ocean currents
164
00:14:05,083 --> 00:14:06,745
and never meets its mate.
165
00:14:12,208 --> 00:14:15,121
Survival at its most
fundamental level
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00:14:15,417 --> 00:14:18,000
is dependent on two factors,
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eating and not being eaten.
168
00:14:21,458 --> 00:14:22,994
Nature has provided
its creatures
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00:14:23,292 --> 00:14:24,783
with survival strategies
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00:14:25,083 --> 00:14:28,497
of endless variety
and creativity,
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00:14:28,792 --> 00:14:31,660
often involving
unlikely alliances.
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00:14:39,125 --> 00:14:41,367
A sea anemone looks harmless,
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even inviting,
as it sits there on that reef.
174
00:14:44,792 --> 00:14:46,909
But when small creatures
venture too close,
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00:14:47,208 --> 00:14:49,666
they're quickly disabled
by stinging tentacles
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00:14:49,958 --> 00:14:52,041
and then captured
and consumed.
177
00:14:54,042 --> 00:14:57,615
With the exception
of this fish, the clown fish.
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00:14:57,917 --> 00:14:59,704
Clown fish wear mucus coating
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00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:02,413
that makes them immune
to the venom.
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00:15:02,708 --> 00:15:04,745
In exchange for a safe haven,
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00:15:05,042 --> 00:15:06,783
the clown fish guards
the anemone
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00:15:07,083 --> 00:15:11,202
and chases away fish that may
try to eat its tentacles.
183
00:15:11,500 --> 00:15:14,117
It's one of many mutual
defense alliances
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00:15:14,417 --> 00:15:16,409
we will find on the reefs.
185
00:15:50,750 --> 00:15:52,582
A similar symbiosis occurs
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00:15:52,875 --> 00:15:54,582
between another
anemone species
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00:15:54,875 --> 00:15:57,037
and the colorful crustacean
of the Atlantic
188
00:15:57,333 --> 00:15:59,666
known as Peterson's shrimp.
189
00:15:59,958 --> 00:16:02,416
This cleaner shrimp
is not inherently immune
190
00:16:02,708 --> 00:16:04,244
to the anemone's poison,
191
00:16:04,542 --> 00:16:06,329
but rather works up
a tolerance
192
00:16:06,625 --> 00:16:08,912
by rubbing itself
against the tentacles
193
00:16:09,208 --> 00:16:10,995
for increasing amounts
of time.
194
00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:43,994
This cleaner shrimp sways
on the deadly tentacles
195
00:16:44,292 --> 00:16:45,783
as if to taunt
anyone passing by
196
00:16:46,083 --> 00:16:49,656
by saying,
"My domain, your doom."
197
00:17:14,583 --> 00:17:19,703
As a child, I dreamt
of building fantastic underwater cities,
198
00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:23,493
and even studied architecture
to realize that dream.
199
00:17:23,792 --> 00:17:27,615
But what can compete
with the beauty of the reefs?
200
00:17:27,917 --> 00:17:30,534
Of nature's masterful design
201
00:17:30,833 --> 00:17:33,826
of even
the smallest details?
202
00:17:34,125 --> 00:17:37,289
Behold the humble flatworm.
203
00:17:56,250 --> 00:17:57,661
They are the small,
204
00:17:57,958 --> 00:18:01,998
multicolored magic carpets
of the reef...
205
00:18:02,292 --> 00:18:04,579
and their equally colorful
reef companions,
206
00:18:04,875 --> 00:18:06,286
the nudibranchs.
207
00:18:24,458 --> 00:18:26,996
Nudibranch means
"naked gill,"
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00:18:27,292 --> 00:18:30,160
which is the plume
that we see on their backs.
209
00:18:30,458 --> 00:18:33,576
There are over 2,000 species
of nudibranchs,
210
00:18:33,875 --> 00:18:36,413
none of which are
particularly speedy.
211
00:19:18,958 --> 00:19:20,415
Nudibranchs lay eggs
212
00:19:20,708 --> 00:19:23,416
in a variety
of fascinating shapes.
213
00:19:23,708 --> 00:19:25,199
The white spiral
is an egg case
214
00:19:25,500 --> 00:19:26,991
which is attached
to the rock.
215
00:19:27,292 --> 00:19:31,286
The egg case provides
nutrition and protection.
216
00:20:15,375 --> 00:20:17,207
We gather here
to examine another
217
00:20:17,500 --> 00:20:19,036
of the reef's
curious inhabitants,
218
00:20:19,333 --> 00:20:22,656
the banded coral shrimp.
219
00:20:43,375 --> 00:20:46,948
They dine on scraps
that no one else wants,
220
00:20:47,250 --> 00:20:49,788
plus the parasites, fungi,
and damaged tissue
221
00:20:50,083 --> 00:20:53,497
they pluck off the fish
that come to them for grooming.
222
00:20:59,750 --> 00:21:02,993
The survival strategy
of the banded coral shrimp,
223
00:21:03,292 --> 00:21:04,624
like all cleaner shrimp,
224
00:21:04,917 --> 00:21:07,204
is to make themselves
indispensable
225
00:21:07,500 --> 00:21:09,742
by providing
a unique service
226
00:21:10,042 --> 00:21:13,206
they advertise with
their super-sized antennae.
227
00:21:26,167 --> 00:21:28,204
When they find
a suitable spot,
228
00:21:28,500 --> 00:21:29,991
they settle there
for up to a year.
229
00:21:30,292 --> 00:21:33,410
And when they find
a suitable partner,
230
00:21:33,708 --> 00:21:37,497
the two remain together
for the rest of their lives.
231
00:21:49,042 --> 00:21:51,034
The health of the coral
reef is dependent
232
00:21:51,333 --> 00:21:53,996
on a delicate ecological
balancing act.
233
00:21:54,292 --> 00:21:57,911
Altering one parameter can have
unforeseen consequences.
234
00:21:58,208 --> 00:22:01,997
Take, for example,
the crown-of-thorns starfish.
235
00:22:15,708 --> 00:22:19,622
With up to 21 thorny arms
and a venomous spine,
236
00:22:19,917 --> 00:22:21,374
it creeps along,
237
00:22:21,667 --> 00:22:24,284
molding itself perfectly
to the reef's contour.
238
00:22:26,375 --> 00:22:29,209
The crown-of-thorns starfish
then proceeds to suck out
239
00:22:29,500 --> 00:22:31,583
the living flesh
of the coral polyps,
240
00:22:31,875 --> 00:22:35,494
leaving behind a white scar
and a wounded reef.
241
00:22:54,167 --> 00:22:57,410
Normally, these starfish
pose no danger.
242
00:22:57,708 --> 00:23:00,200
But recently, their population
has grown alarmingly,
243
00:23:00,500 --> 00:23:02,787
threatening the health
of many reefs.
244
00:23:03,083 --> 00:23:05,245
One reason for this
is the disappearance of animals
245
00:23:05,542 --> 00:23:07,408
that normally feed on them.
246
00:23:07,708 --> 00:23:09,665
So where are these predators?
247
00:23:09,958 --> 00:23:12,416
Maybe on your bookshelf.
248
00:23:12,708 --> 00:23:14,700
The beautiful
Triton's trumpet,
249
00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:17,287
a popular boardwalk souvenir,
250
00:23:17,583 --> 00:23:18,869
is one of the few
reef dwellers
251
00:23:19,167 --> 00:23:21,580
that feeds on
crown-of-thorns starfish.
252
00:23:21,875 --> 00:23:24,242
But as long as it is
collecting dust for you,
253
00:23:24,542 --> 00:23:28,286
it's not contributing to
nature's delicate balancing act.
254
00:23:48,542 --> 00:23:50,829
We await a new arrival.
255
00:23:51,125 --> 00:23:52,536
He's a marine ecologist,
256
00:23:52,833 --> 00:23:55,416
a colleague of mine
from countless expeditions
257
00:23:55,708 --> 00:23:59,782
through the years,
and above all a good friend...
258
00:24:00,083 --> 00:24:01,574
Dr. Richard Murphy.
259
00:24:01,875 --> 00:24:06,415
He joins us here in Fiji
to prepare us for a night dive
260
00:24:06,708 --> 00:24:09,576
and a confrontation
at the bottom...
261
00:24:09,875 --> 00:24:12,117
the bottom of the food chain.
262
00:24:12,417 --> 00:24:14,137
First time Jean-Michel and I
did that was...
263
00:24:14,292 --> 00:24:17,251
Well, at the very bottom
are the phytoplankton,
264
00:24:17,542 --> 00:24:19,158
tiny and humble.
265
00:24:19,458 --> 00:24:20,994
And yet,
in terms of biological
266
00:24:21,292 --> 00:24:24,865
and environmental significance,
they are giants.
267
00:24:25,167 --> 00:24:28,001
There are thousands of
varieties of phytoplankton,
268
00:24:28,292 --> 00:24:30,579
which nearly all marine life
is dependent upon,
269
00:24:30,875 --> 00:24:32,491
But so are we.
270
00:24:32,792 --> 00:24:34,579
Globally,
phytoplankton produce
271
00:24:34,875 --> 00:24:36,787
more than twice
as much oxygen
272
00:24:37,083 --> 00:24:39,496
and devour twice as much CO2
273
00:24:39,792 --> 00:24:41,784
as the Amazon rainforest.
274
00:24:42,083 --> 00:24:44,917
In all, over half
the planet's oxygen
275
00:24:45,208 --> 00:24:47,700
comes from these
tiny organisms.
276
00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:51,823
That means that every other
breath of air you take
277
00:24:52,125 --> 00:24:54,788
is a gift from the ocean.
278
00:24:55,083 --> 00:24:56,745
The next step up
in the food chain
279
00:24:57,042 --> 00:24:58,408
is zooplankton,
280
00:24:58,708 --> 00:25:00,574
bizarre
and mysterious creatures
281
00:25:00,875 --> 00:25:02,741
that we hope
to encounter tonight.
282
00:25:08,167 --> 00:25:11,205
Night dives are very special.
283
00:25:11,500 --> 00:25:13,207
It's not exactly fear,
284
00:25:13,500 --> 00:25:15,366
but there's an extra
attentiveness,
285
00:25:15,667 --> 00:25:18,000
an extra thrill.
286
00:25:18,292 --> 00:25:22,206
The ocean floor
is 6,000 feet below us.
287
00:25:22,500 --> 00:25:23,911
So on this moonless night,
288
00:25:24,208 --> 00:25:27,451
there is absolute darkness
in every direction.
289
00:25:27,750 --> 00:25:30,413
You only see
what you point your light at.
290
00:25:30,708 --> 00:25:34,782
You can sink deeper
than intended without noticing,
291
00:25:35,083 --> 00:25:38,406
and an attack would come
with no warning.
292
00:25:38,708 --> 00:25:40,495
Why would we do this?
293
00:25:40,792 --> 00:25:43,990
To witness, of course,
something like this.
294
00:25:56,583 --> 00:25:58,575
It is the largest migration
295
00:25:58,875 --> 00:26:01,492
of any animal group on Earth,
296
00:26:01,792 --> 00:26:04,455
and it happens
each and every night.
297
00:26:04,750 --> 00:26:08,573
The zooplankton float up
from the very depths of the ocean,
298
00:26:08,875 --> 00:26:11,458
submit themselves
to the will of the currents
299
00:26:11,750 --> 00:26:13,412
and the appetites
of the sea creatures
300
00:26:13,708 --> 00:26:15,290
above them
on the food chain.
301
00:26:17,833 --> 00:26:20,496
Like the phytoplankton
they feed on,
302
00:26:20,792 --> 00:26:23,990
many zooplankton species
are microscopic.
303
00:26:24,292 --> 00:26:27,000
Others aren't,
like these comb jellies,
304
00:26:27,292 --> 00:26:31,036
whose hair-like cilia
refract our dive lights.
305
00:26:31,333 --> 00:26:33,120
In fact, they are probably
306
00:26:33,417 --> 00:26:36,285
the most delicate animals
in the world.
307
00:27:03,625 --> 00:27:05,867
Sparkling constellations.
308
00:27:12,667 --> 00:27:13,874
Nebulae.
309
00:27:24,500 --> 00:27:25,661
Sputnik.
310
00:27:29,958 --> 00:27:33,281
I wonder,
is this the final frontier?
311
00:27:35,792 --> 00:27:38,409
More humans have walked
on the moon
312
00:27:38,708 --> 00:27:41,075
than the bottom
of the deep sea.
313
00:27:43,375 --> 00:27:45,788
We know more
about the surface of Mars
314
00:27:46,083 --> 00:27:49,076
than the submerged surface
of our own planet.
315
00:27:53,708 --> 00:27:56,121
And life-forms?
316
00:27:56,417 --> 00:27:58,784
Millions of species
317
00:27:59,083 --> 00:28:00,574
waiting to be discovered
318
00:28:00,875 --> 00:28:05,074
from the depths
of this inner space.
319
00:28:09,333 --> 00:28:10,494
In this state,
320
00:28:10,792 --> 00:28:12,784
it's easy
to lose track of time.
321
00:28:13,083 --> 00:28:15,621
The zooplankton
is not only mesmerizing,
322
00:28:15,917 --> 00:28:17,954
but challenging to film
as well.
323
00:28:18,250 --> 00:28:19,786
So we spent more time
down there
324
00:28:20,083 --> 00:28:22,416
than was anticipated,
which meant that we needed
325
00:28:22,708 --> 00:28:26,372
an even longer safety stop
on the way up.
326
00:28:26,667 --> 00:28:30,081
A safety stop is
a planned pause during an ascent
327
00:28:30,375 --> 00:28:33,618
to avoid decompression sickness
or death.
328
00:28:33,917 --> 00:28:36,159
And luckily,
there was a lot to see
329
00:28:36,458 --> 00:28:39,656
at 50 feet while we waited.
330
00:28:57,833 --> 00:29:00,792
Remoras are classic
freeloaders.
331
00:29:01,083 --> 00:29:04,781
With a front dorsal fin
that acts like a suction cup,
332
00:29:05,083 --> 00:29:08,747
remoras can attach themselves
to larger marine animals
333
00:29:09,042 --> 00:29:11,204
for a free ride, free lunch,
334
00:29:11,500 --> 00:29:14,868
and the security
a big host can provide.
335
00:29:42,833 --> 00:29:44,620
The turtle seems displeased,
336
00:29:44,917 --> 00:29:46,783
but he might just be
a squeamish patient
337
00:29:47,083 --> 00:29:49,040
as the remora removes
a parasite
338
00:29:49,333 --> 00:29:52,656
or dead tissue from his eye.
339
00:29:52,958 --> 00:29:56,281
Treatment for one
and a treat for the other.
340
00:30:01,333 --> 00:30:03,450
Even during the turtle's dance
341
00:30:03,750 --> 00:30:05,958
of courtship and seduction,
342
00:30:06,250 --> 00:30:07,366
the remoras hang on.
343
00:30:45,583 --> 00:30:46,824
In daylight,
344
00:30:47,125 --> 00:30:49,788
there's almost
too many impressions.
345
00:30:50,083 --> 00:30:52,416
In darkness,
you can focus.
346
00:30:52,708 --> 00:30:54,574
Colors are richer
347
00:30:54,875 --> 00:30:58,494
and the familiar looks new.
348
00:31:08,958 --> 00:31:12,326
Here, nestled in the branches
of soft coral,
349
00:31:12,625 --> 00:31:15,459
we find a true creature
of the night
350
00:31:15,750 --> 00:31:17,787
that can be found
here in Fiji,
351
00:31:18,083 --> 00:31:20,826
the Atlantic,
and many other waters...
352
00:31:21,125 --> 00:31:22,661
the basket star.
353
00:31:49,375 --> 00:31:50,786
They have no heart,
354
00:31:51,083 --> 00:31:53,416
no blood, and no brain.
355
00:31:53,708 --> 00:31:55,791
But they have a mouth,
356
00:31:56,083 --> 00:31:57,574
and the good sense to fill it
357
00:31:57,875 --> 00:31:59,411
with the passing plankton.
358
00:33:02,583 --> 00:33:03,790
And if they must,
359
00:33:04,083 --> 00:33:06,416
the basket star
uses its many arms
360
00:33:06,708 --> 00:33:10,577
to crawl to a better spot
along the stream of nutrition.
361
00:33:13,750 --> 00:33:17,414
Just nearby,
an enigmatic encounter occurs
362
00:33:17,708 --> 00:33:20,667
between two arrow crabs.
363
00:33:20,958 --> 00:33:22,290
It made us wonder,
364
00:33:22,583 --> 00:33:25,496
is this about love or war?
365
00:34:22,583 --> 00:34:24,495
A duel or a dance?
366
00:34:26,958 --> 00:34:29,496
Showdown or showing off?
367
00:35:19,750 --> 00:35:22,413
Whether it was courtship
or combat,
368
00:35:22,708 --> 00:35:25,576
the outcome seems
to be friendly.
369
00:35:25,875 --> 00:35:27,662
So, how about dinner?
370
00:35:33,375 --> 00:35:35,367
And when the reef is healthy,
371
00:35:35,667 --> 00:35:38,080
there is abundance for all.
372
00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:05,582
We leave the coral reefs
373
00:36:05,875 --> 00:36:09,414
and tropical waters of Fiji.
374
00:36:09,708 --> 00:36:11,665
We cross the equator,
375
00:36:11,958 --> 00:36:13,995
the International Date Line,
376
00:36:14,292 --> 00:36:16,659
and nearly the entire
Pacific Ocean,
377
00:36:16,958 --> 00:36:20,406
towards the cooler waters
off of California,
378
00:36:20,708 --> 00:36:21,994
and the next ocean habitat
379
00:36:22,292 --> 00:36:24,625
my father has chosen
to explore.
380
00:36:26,458 --> 00:36:29,496
And the dolphins escort us,
381
00:36:29,792 --> 00:36:32,580
as they did
the "Calypso" of my youth.
382
00:36:32,875 --> 00:36:35,242
They are like the ocean's
goodwill ambassadors...
383
00:36:35,542 --> 00:36:37,829
playful, friendly,
384
00:36:38,125 --> 00:36:40,788
and with smiles
that seem to say,
385
00:36:41,083 --> 00:36:44,201
"Come with us,
but come in peace."
386
00:36:44,500 --> 00:36:47,083
"Okay, we can watch you
play a bit,
387
00:36:47,375 --> 00:36:49,788
but then we must be
off again.
388
00:36:50,083 --> 00:36:52,416
I have an important date
to keep."
389
00:36:52,708 --> 00:36:54,540
"What kind of date
do you have?"
390
00:36:54,833 --> 00:36:57,496
"Ah, you shall see."
391
00:37:01,583 --> 00:37:02,994
Our next destination will show
392
00:37:03,292 --> 00:37:06,000
just how diverse
the habitats are.
393
00:37:06,292 --> 00:37:08,579
The coral reefs
are colonies of small,
394
00:37:08,875 --> 00:37:10,787
slow-growing sea animals.
395
00:37:11,083 --> 00:37:12,995
The kelp forest is in fact
396
00:37:13,292 --> 00:37:14,999
a fast-growing
underwater forest
397
00:37:15,292 --> 00:37:18,660
of giant sea algae.
398
00:37:18,958 --> 00:37:20,415
Off the coast
of California,
399
00:37:20,708 --> 00:37:22,415
the conditions are just right.
400
00:37:22,708 --> 00:37:24,950
Cold, relatively
shallow waters,
401
00:37:25,250 --> 00:37:28,084
and plenty of nutrients
and sunlight.
402
00:38:09,583 --> 00:38:11,575
The coral reefs
we saw in Fiji
403
00:38:11,875 --> 00:38:14,413
can grow two,
maybe four inches a year.
404
00:38:14,708 --> 00:38:15,994
The kelp that we see here
405
00:38:16,292 --> 00:38:18,875
can grow over 18 inches
in a single day.
406
00:38:21,333 --> 00:38:24,997
The largest can be up
to 175 feet long.
407
00:38:25,292 --> 00:38:28,490
Now that's about the length
of a giant sequoia tree.
408
00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:37,208
Kelp provides food and shelter
409
00:38:37,500 --> 00:38:40,083
to a huge variety of species,
410
00:38:40,375 --> 00:38:44,949
from sea urchins and snails
to seals and sea lions,
411
00:38:45,250 --> 00:38:47,663
and even the occasional
gray whale.
412
00:39:01,958 --> 00:39:04,996
The gas-filled bladders keep
the kelp's leaf-like fronds
413
00:39:05,292 --> 00:39:07,409
afloat near the surface.
414
00:39:07,708 --> 00:39:10,200
Through photosynthesis,
kelp transfers energy
415
00:39:10,500 --> 00:39:12,287
and nutrients to the sea.
416
00:39:23,958 --> 00:39:25,494
A bit farther out to sea
417
00:39:25,792 --> 00:39:29,411
from the kelp forest
of Santa Catalina Island
418
00:39:29,708 --> 00:39:33,281
is the sight of an incredible
squid mating frenzy.
419
00:39:38,458 --> 00:39:40,700
I first witnessed it
with my father
420
00:39:41,000 --> 00:39:44,414
right here over 50 years ago.
421
00:39:44,708 --> 00:39:47,542
It happens only once a year
during winter,
422
00:39:47,833 --> 00:39:51,998
and I feared we were either
too early or too late.
423
00:39:52,292 --> 00:39:53,578
But was incredible luck,
424
00:39:53,875 --> 00:39:55,411
we were right on time
425
00:39:55,708 --> 00:39:57,620
for this reproductive ritual.
426
00:40:32,625 --> 00:40:35,459
These squid live
for less than a year,
427
00:40:35,750 --> 00:40:38,083
so this is their only shot
at procreation.
428
00:40:46,833 --> 00:40:49,416
The mating frenzy
is hugely successful.
429
00:40:49,708 --> 00:40:53,076
The sea floor is carpeted
with millions of egg cases.
430
00:40:54,750 --> 00:40:57,163
Each capsule contains
hundreds of eggs.
431
00:41:08,958 --> 00:41:10,574
Many species, including us,
432
00:41:10,875 --> 00:41:12,832
are dependent
on squid for food.
433
00:41:13,125 --> 00:41:15,583
Fishing practices
are improving in some places,
434
00:41:15,875 --> 00:41:17,741
but the ultimate goal
435
00:41:18,042 --> 00:41:21,410
is sustainable
squid harvesting globally.
436
00:41:21,708 --> 00:41:25,873
The ultimate goal
is sustainability, period.
437
00:41:30,375 --> 00:41:32,788
When I look out
on this vast ocean
438
00:41:33,083 --> 00:41:34,574
and pristine coastline,
439
00:41:34,875 --> 00:41:36,992
it reminds me of other seas,
440
00:41:37,292 --> 00:41:38,292
other shores,
441
00:41:38,417 --> 00:41:41,205
and other times of innocence,
442
00:41:41,500 --> 00:41:44,572
and, quite frankly, ignorance.
443
00:41:44,875 --> 00:41:47,413
When my dad first
pushed me overboard,
444
00:41:47,708 --> 00:41:51,247
we all believed that we could
push anything overboard,
445
00:41:51,542 --> 00:41:54,865
that the oceans were
bottomless receptacles
446
00:41:55,167 --> 00:41:58,865
for whatever waste
we didn't want on land.
447
00:41:59,167 --> 00:42:03,992
But our expeditions uncovered
a completely different truth.
448
00:42:04,292 --> 00:42:08,491
Seas and waterways everywhere
were imperiled.
449
00:42:13,833 --> 00:42:16,792
We have come to realize
that our blue planet
450
00:42:17,083 --> 00:42:20,781
is in fact a rocky sphere
with a thin,
451
00:42:21,083 --> 00:42:24,406
thin surface layer
of saltwater,
452
00:42:24,708 --> 00:42:29,578
and an even more finite
supply of freshwater,
453
00:42:29,875 --> 00:42:34,540
and those precious drops stand
between us and extinction.
454
00:42:37,958 --> 00:42:41,406
We follow the Pacific coastline
down and around
455
00:42:41,708 --> 00:42:45,406
to the fabled Sea of Cortez
in Mexico.
456
00:42:45,708 --> 00:42:47,791
With unrivaled biodiversity,
457
00:42:48,083 --> 00:42:50,416
it was a place
my father once described
458
00:42:50,708 --> 00:42:54,952
as the world's aquarium.
459
00:42:55,250 --> 00:42:58,994
There are 6,000 cataloged
species from the Sea of Cortez,
460
00:42:59,292 --> 00:43:02,990
and possibly thousands more
waiting to be found.
461
00:43:03,292 --> 00:43:06,205
But also here,
appearances deceive.
462
00:43:06,500 --> 00:43:08,412
Industrial fishing
has depleted these waters
463
00:43:08,708 --> 00:43:10,574
of tuna, red snapper,
464
00:43:10,875 --> 00:43:14,073
and shark that were
so plentiful not long ago.
465
00:43:21,292 --> 00:43:23,409
The contrasts are striking.
466
00:43:23,708 --> 00:43:26,041
From our wet, wet world,
we climb out
467
00:43:26,333 --> 00:43:29,656
onto the semi-arid steps
of San Jose Island.
468
00:43:29,958 --> 00:43:33,281
From a dive in the abundant vegetation
of the kelp forest
469
00:43:33,583 --> 00:43:36,417
to a hike through these
somber cactuses,
470
00:43:36,708 --> 00:43:38,119
the presence
or absence of water
471
00:43:38,417 --> 00:43:41,581
determines nearly everything.
472
00:43:41,875 --> 00:43:45,789
These giant cactuses
approach heights of up to 60 feet
473
00:43:46,083 --> 00:43:48,917
and survive in this
unforgiving climate
474
00:43:49,208 --> 00:43:51,621
for as long as 300 years.
475
00:43:51,917 --> 00:43:54,375
So, these cactus
might have been around
476
00:43:54,667 --> 00:43:57,080
when George Washington
was born.
477
00:43:59,167 --> 00:44:00,999
They're greedy and efficient,
478
00:44:01,292 --> 00:44:02,749
grabbing every drop of rain
479
00:44:03,042 --> 00:44:05,659
and storing them
for even drier days.
480
00:44:19,083 --> 00:44:22,906
All life is connected
with water across the planet.
481
00:44:23,208 --> 00:44:25,200
There is only
one water system.
482
00:44:25,500 --> 00:44:28,789
The rains that fall
on the highest mountaintops
483
00:44:29,083 --> 00:44:30,995
carve the landscape of Earth
484
00:44:31,292 --> 00:44:34,330
and make their way back
to the sea.
485
00:44:40,583 --> 00:44:43,826
Suddenly,
it's all smaller and simpler...
486
00:44:44,125 --> 00:44:46,208
a rubber dingy and snorkel gear
487
00:44:46,500 --> 00:44:48,662
and the three of us together.
488
00:44:48,958 --> 00:44:52,998
My thoughts wander to the web
of narrow rivers deep in the Amazon
489
00:44:53,292 --> 00:44:55,204
where I've been on
expeditions lately.
490
00:44:55,500 --> 00:44:59,574
In every way, far from
a Cousteau's open ocean,
491
00:44:59,875 --> 00:45:01,207
my father's, my brother's,
492
00:45:01,500 --> 00:45:03,287
and my own independent projects
493
00:45:03,583 --> 00:45:04,994
are so different,
494
00:45:05,292 --> 00:45:06,954
and yet somehow connected,
495
00:45:07,250 --> 00:45:10,539
maybe a bit like the separate
arms of these inlets,
496
00:45:10,833 --> 00:45:14,281
always coming from
and leading back to the ocean.
497
00:45:17,750 --> 00:45:19,412
Tucked in these marshes
498
00:45:19,708 --> 00:45:22,496
on the southern tip
of San Jose Island
499
00:45:22,792 --> 00:45:25,330
is a hidden world
teeming with life.
500
00:45:25,625 --> 00:45:29,665
Here we find our next habitat,
the mangrove.
501
00:45:43,375 --> 00:45:47,198
Lining the edge of the water
here are mangrove trees.
502
00:45:47,500 --> 00:45:49,036
Now, the mangroves survive
in sea water
503
00:45:49,333 --> 00:45:53,623
because their roots have
evolved to filter out salt.
504
00:45:53,917 --> 00:45:57,410
These roots tangled and exposed
above and below the waterline
505
00:45:57,708 --> 00:46:01,076
offer an intricate,
nutrient rich haven and nursery.
506
00:46:03,667 --> 00:46:05,704
Some creatures will
never leave this habitat,
507
00:46:06,000 --> 00:46:09,243
but for many other species,
life begins here
508
00:46:09,542 --> 00:46:12,580
and continues out on the reef
or open ocean.
509
00:47:01,958 --> 00:47:05,998
These delicate creations
are single-celled organisms
510
00:47:06,292 --> 00:47:08,784
known as
the mermaid's wineglass.
511
00:47:09,083 --> 00:47:10,199
The study of these plants
512
00:47:10,500 --> 00:47:12,583
advanced our
understanding of DNA
513
00:47:12,875 --> 00:47:14,491
nearly a century ago.
514
00:47:35,375 --> 00:47:38,209
Sea cucumbers are
the recyclers of the sea,
515
00:47:38,500 --> 00:47:41,083
combing the seabed
in search of the debris.
516
00:47:56,292 --> 00:47:59,205
Their mouths are surrounded
with tentacles
517
00:47:59,500 --> 00:48:03,995
which probe and gather whatever organic
leftovers they might find.
518
00:48:04,292 --> 00:48:07,615
The sea cucumber can be
as short as a tenth of an inch
519
00:48:07,917 --> 00:48:10,284
or as long as nine feet.
520
00:49:32,167 --> 00:49:34,830
We can watch, but not touch.
521
00:49:35,125 --> 00:49:38,448
Maybe make eye contact
carefully,
522
00:49:38,750 --> 00:49:40,867
because the stone scorpion fish
523
00:49:41,167 --> 00:49:44,865
is one of the most
venomous fish on Earth.
524
00:49:45,167 --> 00:49:46,447
How easy it would be
525
00:49:46,708 --> 00:49:48,700
to step on a scorpion fish,
526
00:49:49,000 --> 00:49:52,198
mistaking it for a bit
of rocky terrain.
527
00:49:52,500 --> 00:49:55,538
It will sting
and discharge its venom
528
00:49:55,833 --> 00:49:58,075
that is potentially fatal.
529
00:50:24,375 --> 00:50:27,209
This is a conch,
a large sea snail
530
00:50:27,500 --> 00:50:29,833
native to the tropical
northwestern Atlantic.
531
00:50:30,125 --> 00:50:32,082
Strong currents
have rolled him over.
532
00:50:33,250 --> 00:50:34,991
This is a hermit crab.
533
00:50:35,292 --> 00:50:38,205
There are over a thousand
varieties worldwide.
534
00:50:38,500 --> 00:50:40,787
What they have in common
is their inability
535
00:50:41,083 --> 00:50:42,995
to build their own shells.
536
00:50:43,292 --> 00:50:45,204
So, they occupy empty ones.
537
00:50:45,500 --> 00:50:46,911
But as they grow,
538
00:50:47,208 --> 00:50:50,076
they must constantly hunt
for larger vacant ones.
539
00:50:55,167 --> 00:50:58,080
The hermit crab
eyes the upended conch.
540
00:50:58,375 --> 00:51:00,412
Only a very few species
of hermit crab
541
00:51:00,708 --> 00:51:02,745
are willing to kill
for a bigger shell.
542
00:51:03,042 --> 00:51:05,659
Could that be what
we're about to witness?
543
00:51:07,958 --> 00:51:09,995
The hermit crab
needs to act fast
544
00:51:10,292 --> 00:51:12,079
if it wants
to change addresses.
545
00:51:23,375 --> 00:51:25,332
The conch needs
to protect itself
546
00:51:25,625 --> 00:51:27,867
by tipping its shelter
back into place.
547
00:51:39,083 --> 00:51:41,291
The crab is making a move.
548
00:51:57,625 --> 00:51:59,491
The turnover is successful.
549
00:51:59,792 --> 00:52:02,785
The conch is safe,
550
00:52:03,083 --> 00:52:05,496
and for the hermit crab,
moving day must wait.
551
00:52:14,958 --> 00:52:18,326
With infinite
variety of form and function,
552
00:52:18,625 --> 00:52:22,164
they are like the pieces
of an intricate puzzle.
553
00:52:22,458 --> 00:52:24,415
When all the species
are present,
554
00:52:24,708 --> 00:52:26,791
the ecosystem is complete.
555
00:52:27,083 --> 00:52:29,996
And when all
the ecosystems are thriving,
556
00:52:30,292 --> 00:52:32,579
then the ocean is complete.
557
00:52:32,875 --> 00:52:35,037
Complete and healthy.
558
00:52:35,333 --> 00:52:38,201
But many pieces of those
puzzles are missing today.
559
00:52:38,500 --> 00:52:39,500
It's true.
560
00:52:39,708 --> 00:52:41,449
Big pieces are missing,
561
00:52:41,750 --> 00:52:45,790
but my belief is that
they are not lost forever.
562
00:52:46,083 --> 00:52:48,496
The ocean is forgiving.
563
00:53:16,167 --> 00:53:18,204
Papa is growing impatient.
564
00:53:18,500 --> 00:53:20,162
He knows it's time to move on.
565
00:53:20,458 --> 00:53:22,996
He keeps saying
he has an important rendezvous.
566
00:53:23,292 --> 00:53:24,999
The sun sets in the west,
567
00:53:25,292 --> 00:53:27,409
and on our Pacific adventure.
568
00:53:27,708 --> 00:53:29,995
We must move onward
and eastward.
569
00:53:30,292 --> 00:53:31,783
I have an important rendezvous.
570
00:53:32,083 --> 00:53:33,199
Like that.
571
00:53:33,500 --> 00:53:35,082
I'm anxious and excited.
572
00:53:35,375 --> 00:53:36,741
It happens only once a year,
573
00:53:37,042 --> 00:53:38,783
so I cannot miss it.
574
00:53:39,083 --> 00:53:40,083
What could it be?
575
00:53:40,333 --> 00:53:41,453
Come on, Fabien.
576
00:53:41,667 --> 00:53:42,828
Next stop, Nassau.
577
00:53:43,125 --> 00:53:45,367
It will be February.
Think big.
578
00:53:45,667 --> 00:53:48,375
You only pretend
not to know, right?
579
00:53:48,667 --> 00:53:50,203
Sure, of course.
580
00:53:50,500 --> 00:53:51,500
Yeah, right.
581
00:54:04,583 --> 00:54:06,870
It does feel like coming home
582
00:54:07,167 --> 00:54:10,865
when we've now reached
our final destination,
583
00:54:11,167 --> 00:54:12,499
the Bahamas.
584
00:54:14,750 --> 00:54:18,790
We've all dived here
on countless occasions.
585
00:54:19,083 --> 00:54:20,915
Gavin is a native
586
00:54:21,208 --> 00:54:24,701
and knows every square inch
of these waters.
587
00:54:25,000 --> 00:54:27,208
It's true.
We spent our days in the water.
588
00:54:27,500 --> 00:54:29,833
The ocean was
my childhood's playground.
589
00:54:30,125 --> 00:54:33,789
And Fabien filmed
his first TV documentaries
590
00:54:34,083 --> 00:54:36,996
on sharks right here.
591
00:54:37,292 --> 00:54:39,409
My brother is
a very skilled diver
592
00:54:39,708 --> 00:54:41,700
and completely fearless,
593
00:54:42,000 --> 00:54:44,208
and he loves sharks.
594
00:54:44,500 --> 00:54:46,207
Yeah, sharks
have fascinated me
595
00:54:46,500 --> 00:54:48,116
since I was a kid.
596
00:54:48,417 --> 00:54:50,409
And ever since I saw "Jaws,"
597
00:54:50,708 --> 00:54:52,199
I wanted to set
the record straight
598
00:54:52,500 --> 00:54:55,368
about this incredible animal.
599
00:54:55,667 --> 00:54:58,330
Well, then please do.
600
00:54:58,625 --> 00:55:02,448
It's true that sharks
occasionally attack humans.
601
00:55:02,750 --> 00:55:04,867
But these are rare exceptions.
602
00:55:05,167 --> 00:55:09,116
Basically,
we are not on their menu.
603
00:55:09,417 --> 00:55:12,080
Fabien,
give us the numbers.
604
00:55:12,375 --> 00:55:16,915
Okay. Shark attacks resulting
in human fatalities... 12.
605
00:55:17,208 --> 00:55:21,327
On average 12 humans
killed by sharks per year.
606
00:55:21,625 --> 00:55:23,366
And shark fatalities?
607
00:55:23,667 --> 00:55:25,579
Through overfishing
and by-catch...
608
00:55:25,875 --> 00:55:28,413
By-catch is the collateral
damage of fishing.
609
00:55:28,708 --> 00:55:30,574
- It's senseless death.
- Right.
610
00:55:30,875 --> 00:55:35,575
And most horrifically,
for use in shark fin soup...
611
00:55:35,875 --> 00:55:39,039
100 million sharks per year.
612
00:55:39,333 --> 00:55:41,825
That number is almost
too big to fathom.
613
00:55:42,125 --> 00:55:46,415
So, think of about
a third of the US population
614
00:55:46,708 --> 00:55:49,246
slaughtered every year.
615
00:55:49,542 --> 00:55:51,283
Yeah, think about that.
616
00:56:00,958 --> 00:56:03,200
There live thousands
of miles of ocean
617
00:56:03,500 --> 00:56:05,537
and millions of years
of evolution
618
00:56:05,833 --> 00:56:08,792
between the plankton
at our journey's start
619
00:56:09,083 --> 00:56:12,201
and these sharks
near our journey's end...
620
00:56:12,500 --> 00:56:15,493
the bottom and top
of the food chain.
621
00:56:39,375 --> 00:56:42,994
Sharks are amongst
the world's most ancient predators.
622
00:56:43,292 --> 00:56:46,126
Through the ages, they've honed
their hunting skills
623
00:56:46,417 --> 00:56:50,206
and overcome every environmental
challenge except one...
624
00:56:50,500 --> 00:56:52,116
industrialized humans.
625
00:57:53,875 --> 00:57:56,743
Another threatened
inhabitant of the reef
626
00:57:57,042 --> 00:58:00,786
and amongst its most important predators,
are groupers.
627
00:58:01,083 --> 00:58:04,576
This one here is a permanent resident
of this sunken ship.
628
00:58:04,875 --> 00:58:07,538
Through their
selection of prey,
629
00:58:07,833 --> 00:58:11,201
top predators like sharks
and groupers play a critical role
630
00:58:11,500 --> 00:58:14,083
in balancing
the complex web of life.
631
00:59:00,167 --> 00:59:01,408
It's not long now,
632
00:59:01,708 --> 00:59:03,199
maybe only a day or two
633
00:59:03,500 --> 00:59:05,457
till my special meeting.
634
00:59:05,750 --> 00:59:09,198
These waters around Nassau
are teeming with reef life,
635
00:59:09,500 --> 00:59:12,664
so there's plenty
to watch while we wait.
636
00:59:42,958 --> 00:59:44,790
We are not alone.
637
00:59:45,083 --> 00:59:48,781
Who's this lurking
on the sandy bottom,
638
00:59:49,083 --> 00:59:52,872
also watching, also waiting?
639
01:00:17,000 --> 01:00:18,662
It's difficult
to view a stingray
640
01:00:18,958 --> 01:00:23,578
swimming over the sea floor
and not think of flight,
641
01:00:23,875 --> 01:00:25,457
of huge wings,
642
01:00:25,750 --> 01:00:28,413
a majestic bird gliding,
643
01:00:28,708 --> 01:00:32,281
cruising in slow motion
over a lush terrain.
644
01:00:46,875 --> 01:00:49,583
I never did build
the submerged structures
645
01:00:49,875 --> 01:00:51,787
I dreamt of as a child.
646
01:00:52,083 --> 01:00:56,282
But I always marveled at how
the ocean colonizes wreckage,
647
01:00:56,583 --> 01:01:00,076
rebuilds,
and renovates with life.
648
01:01:09,500 --> 01:01:12,413
Moray eels may look
like snakes,
649
01:01:12,708 --> 01:01:16,156
but they simply
a very long, thin fish.
650
01:01:16,458 --> 01:01:19,371
They are found
in warm ocean reefs worldwide
651
01:01:19,667 --> 01:01:24,583
with a variety of size,
colors, and patterns.
652
01:01:24,875 --> 01:01:28,994
They can reach a length
of up to 14 feet.
653
01:01:29,292 --> 01:01:31,579
The gaping mouth
is not a threat.
654
01:01:31,875 --> 01:01:33,707
It's just breathing.
655
01:01:45,667 --> 01:01:48,000
This cleaner shrimp
grooms the Moray
656
01:01:48,292 --> 01:01:51,785
in exchange for scraps
it removes.
657
01:01:52,083 --> 01:01:55,406
The eel seems
generally grateful,
658
01:01:55,708 --> 01:01:58,872
like I generally appreciate
my dentist.
659
01:03:37,917 --> 01:03:41,206
Life expectancy on the reef
diminishes dramatically
660
01:03:41,500 --> 01:03:44,208
for creatures that
just hang out in the open,
661
01:03:44,500 --> 01:03:48,198
so finding a suitable shelter
is vital.
662
01:03:48,500 --> 01:03:50,457
And some species,
like this spiny lobster
663
01:03:50,750 --> 01:03:52,207
or the slipper lobster,
664
01:03:52,500 --> 01:03:55,083
need to find a new hiding place
every single day.
665
01:04:26,542 --> 01:04:30,411
Some days, they may compete
for the same nook or cranny.
666
01:05:07,417 --> 01:05:10,785
The spiny lobster
finds a suitable spot first
667
01:05:11,083 --> 01:05:12,290
and backs in.
668
01:05:25,667 --> 01:05:27,408
The slipper lobster stops,
669
01:05:27,708 --> 01:05:30,075
maybe hoping that
the spiny lobster will sublet.
670
01:05:35,667 --> 01:05:36,783
His entrance blocked...
671
01:05:37,083 --> 01:05:38,369
"No vacancy, man."
672
01:05:39,750 --> 01:05:41,286
And the slipper drudges on.
673
01:05:52,167 --> 01:05:54,407
Come, I want to show you
some of the biggest,
674
01:05:54,625 --> 01:05:57,914
scariest, most ruthless
predators in these waters.
675
01:05:58,208 --> 01:06:00,393
- Papa.
- By burrowing into the reef,
676
01:06:00,417 --> 01:06:02,579
these sea monsters
make perfect hiding places.
677
01:06:02,875 --> 01:06:05,143
- Papa, we're grown-ups.
- Oh, just let him.
678
01:06:05,167 --> 01:06:07,033
We're not buying
that silliness.
679
01:06:07,333 --> 01:06:10,747
Beware, my friends,
these terrors of the deep,
680
01:06:11,042 --> 01:06:12,999
gobies and blennies.
681
01:06:37,792 --> 01:06:41,240
Maybe not big and scary,
but big in number,
682
01:06:41,542 --> 01:06:44,000
these tiny creatures
can make up a third
683
01:06:44,292 --> 01:06:47,080
of the population on a reef.
684
01:06:47,375 --> 01:06:49,617
So, they are an important
staple for the larger fish
685
01:06:49,917 --> 01:06:52,785
like cod, haddock,
and flounder.
686
01:07:05,625 --> 01:07:07,412
They usually burrow into rock
687
01:07:07,708 --> 01:07:10,416
or coral themselves
or in pairs,
688
01:07:10,708 --> 01:07:13,416
but sometimes get help
from a willing shrimp.
689
01:08:40,042 --> 01:08:42,329
Speaking of insatiable
terrors of the deep...
690
01:08:42,625 --> 01:08:44,036
Okay, papa, enough.
691
01:08:44,333 --> 01:08:46,199
No, this time it's true.
692
01:08:46,500 --> 01:08:48,366
The lionfish.
693
01:08:54,625 --> 01:08:57,993
Their extravagant beauty
is meant to confuse predators
694
01:08:58,292 --> 01:09:01,000
and prey alike.
695
01:09:01,292 --> 01:09:04,615
The lionfish is an unstoppable hunter
with a big appetite,
696
01:09:04,917 --> 01:09:07,876
consuming up to
40 small fish in an hour.
697
01:09:10,167 --> 01:09:12,580
Inside their fins
are venomous spines
698
01:09:12,875 --> 01:09:15,413
which discourage
would-be predators.
699
01:09:15,708 --> 01:09:18,780
For humans, the poison
can cause convulsions,
700
01:09:19,083 --> 01:09:22,201
heart failure,
and even death.
701
01:10:18,042 --> 01:10:20,455
Lionfish sneak up slowly
702
01:10:20,750 --> 01:10:23,163
and then attack
with lightning speed.
703
01:10:36,333 --> 01:10:39,201
The lionfish is a native
of the Pacific Ocean
704
01:10:39,500 --> 01:10:42,413
and was accidentally released
in the Atlantic.
705
01:10:42,708 --> 01:10:44,791
Because it has no predators
in these waters,
706
01:10:45,083 --> 01:10:47,791
the lionfish population
has exploded here,
707
01:10:48,083 --> 01:10:50,666
seriously reducing the juvenile
reef fish population.
708
01:10:50,958 --> 01:10:53,701
So even small,
unintentional actions
709
01:10:54,000 --> 01:10:56,617
can have great consequences,
710
01:10:56,917 --> 01:11:00,285
disturbing the sensitive
balance of nature.
711
01:11:07,292 --> 01:11:12,583
My all-time favorite animal
always makes me think.
712
01:11:12,875 --> 01:11:15,458
Like us,
they are highly advanced.
713
01:11:15,750 --> 01:11:18,208
But because
our evolutionary paths
714
01:11:18,500 --> 01:11:20,787
diverged 600 million years ago,
715
01:11:21,083 --> 01:11:24,781
we developed in radically
different ways.
716
01:11:25,083 --> 01:11:29,999
In fact, we may never come
closer to alien intelligence
717
01:11:30,292 --> 01:11:32,875
than this... the octopus.
718
01:11:58,375 --> 01:12:00,162
A formidable hunter,
719
01:12:00,458 --> 01:12:03,781
an octopus ambushes its prey
by covering large areas
720
01:12:04,083 --> 01:12:05,870
with its parachute-like body.
721
01:12:13,667 --> 01:12:16,000
Below, tentacles will grab
722
01:12:16,292 --> 01:12:19,000
and a venomous bite
will kill.
723
01:12:19,292 --> 01:12:21,124
They shift colors and patterns
724
01:12:21,417 --> 01:12:24,785
to match their surroundings
with astonishing speed
725
01:12:25,083 --> 01:12:27,666
because their skin can think.
726
01:12:36,500 --> 01:12:40,119
Octopuses recognize faces,
can tell people apart,
727
01:12:40,417 --> 01:12:42,784
and even
in identical dive suits,
728
01:12:43,083 --> 01:12:45,075
they can grow fond
of certain humans
729
01:12:45,375 --> 01:12:47,367
and hold grudges
against others.
730
01:13:06,250 --> 01:13:09,789
And in an environment where
shelter equals survival,
731
01:13:10,083 --> 01:13:12,700
they are the ultimate
contortionists.
732
01:13:13,000 --> 01:13:17,745
It seems that no space
is too tight or uncomfortable.
733
01:13:18,042 --> 01:13:19,829
My father called the octopus
734
01:13:20,125 --> 01:13:22,868
the soft intelligence
of the sea.
735
01:13:27,667 --> 01:13:29,249
I think it's time to explain
736
01:13:29,542 --> 01:13:31,374
about this rendezvous
you've hinted at
737
01:13:31,667 --> 01:13:34,125
for the last
738
01:13:34,417 --> 01:13:35,783
Okay.
739
01:13:36,083 --> 01:13:38,416
The migration of the great
hammerhead shark
740
01:13:38,708 --> 01:13:40,995
is largely a mystery route,
741
01:13:41,292 --> 01:13:44,364
except for this place
and this date.
742
01:13:44,667 --> 01:13:47,535
Every year, they pass
through these waters
743
01:13:47,833 --> 01:13:50,667
for a few days in February.
744
01:14:06,667 --> 01:14:10,741
You see, the hammerhead
population here in the Atlantic
745
01:14:11,042 --> 01:14:15,207
has been cut in half
only since the 1990s.
746
01:14:15,500 --> 01:14:18,789
In Africa and in Asia,
it's even worse.
747
01:14:19,083 --> 01:14:23,077
So, I'm a bit nervous
about these encounters.
748
01:14:23,375 --> 01:14:25,332
When will be
the last time?
749
01:15:05,375 --> 01:15:08,209
We need to feel confident
of her future,
750
01:15:08,500 --> 01:15:10,492
which is
so fundamentally connected
751
01:15:10,792 --> 01:15:12,784
with the well-being
of the ocean,
752
01:15:13,083 --> 01:15:15,826
that this rendezvous
can repeat itself
753
01:15:16,125 --> 01:15:18,788
for years and years to come.
754
01:15:19,083 --> 01:15:22,406
We almost want to hear
her say...
755
01:15:22,708 --> 01:15:24,745
Arnold, please?
756
01:15:25,042 --> 01:15:26,533
Just this once.
757
01:15:26,833 --> 01:15:28,665
Okay.
758
01:15:28,958 --> 01:15:30,574
"I'll be back."
759
01:15:30,875 --> 01:15:32,616
I hope so, my friend.
760
01:15:32,917 --> 01:15:33,917
Yeah.
761
01:15:39,292 --> 01:15:41,204
My father and my grandfather
762
01:15:41,500 --> 01:15:43,708
were not born
environmentalists.
763
01:15:44,000 --> 01:15:46,993
Fabien and I were not born
environmentalists.
764
01:15:47,292 --> 01:15:50,205
But if you spend time
underwater like we have,
765
01:15:50,500 --> 01:15:52,082
you fall in love.
766
01:15:52,375 --> 01:15:53,957
You start to care deeply,
767
01:15:54,250 --> 01:15:57,573
and you feel the need
to protect and defend.
768
01:15:57,875 --> 01:15:59,411
When we fail to do so,
769
01:15:59,708 --> 01:16:04,078
the reality is far scarier
than a school of sharks.
770
01:16:21,958 --> 01:16:23,915
This is a dead reef.
771
01:16:24,208 --> 01:16:25,574
All life is gone.
772
01:16:25,875 --> 01:16:27,207
It is no longer the home
773
01:16:27,500 --> 01:16:29,162
of countless life-forms
774
01:16:29,458 --> 01:16:32,166
as in the reefs
we saw earlier.
775
01:16:32,458 --> 01:16:34,666
According to
the United Nations
776
01:16:34,958 --> 01:16:39,749
about 20% of the world's
coral reefs are now dead.
777
01:16:40,042 --> 01:16:43,080
Many more are damaged
or endangered.
778
01:16:43,375 --> 01:16:47,699
This desolation is
overwhelming.
779
01:16:48,000 --> 01:16:49,411
It should be required viewing
780
01:16:49,708 --> 01:16:52,701
for decision-makers everywhere.
781
01:16:53,000 --> 01:16:55,208
Coral reefs
are not important to save
782
01:16:55,500 --> 01:16:57,332
because they are pretty.
783
01:16:57,625 --> 01:16:59,412
They are important to save
784
01:16:59,708 --> 01:17:03,998
because they are crucial
to the health of our planet.
785
01:17:04,292 --> 01:17:05,999
And we know why
this is happening.
786
01:17:06,292 --> 01:17:08,204
Ocean warming
is one major cause.
787
01:17:08,500 --> 01:17:11,243
Another is
ocean acidification,
788
01:17:11,542 --> 01:17:14,785
which is caused
by greenhouse gases.
789
01:17:15,083 --> 01:17:17,746
All the habitats we visited;
790
01:17:18,042 --> 01:17:20,375
coral reefs,
791
01:17:20,667 --> 01:17:22,829
kelp forests,
792
01:17:23,125 --> 01:17:25,242
sandy bottoms,
793
01:17:25,542 --> 01:17:27,158
mangroves,
794
01:17:27,458 --> 01:17:31,407
where the greatest abundance
of marine diversity thrives,
795
01:17:31,708 --> 01:17:35,201
all have one thing in common...
they are near land.
796
01:17:35,500 --> 01:17:38,993
They are near their most
fortunate beneficiary
797
01:17:39,292 --> 01:17:42,581
and biggest threat... us.
798
01:17:42,875 --> 01:17:44,787
We spill oil.
799
01:17:45,083 --> 01:17:47,200
We dump chemicals,
800
01:17:47,500 --> 01:17:50,993
raw sewage, and plastics,
801
01:17:51,292 --> 01:17:54,785
and unimaginable waste
into her.
802
01:17:55,083 --> 01:17:57,450
Meanwhile,
land and air pollution
803
01:17:57,750 --> 01:17:59,787
are equally damaging
for the oceans
804
01:18:00,083 --> 01:18:02,496
and ultimately, mankind.
805
01:18:13,958 --> 01:18:16,496
This is the ocean we dream of,
806
01:18:16,792 --> 01:18:18,784
and it can be a reality
807
01:18:19,083 --> 01:18:22,121
even where there is
desolation today.
808
01:18:22,417 --> 01:18:25,910
Because life returns
when the conditions are right.
809
01:18:26,208 --> 01:18:28,951
The ocean forgives.
810
01:18:29,250 --> 01:18:31,993
Today, environmental
organizations,
811
01:18:32,292 --> 01:18:36,036
activists, and ordinary citizens
around the globe
812
01:18:36,333 --> 01:18:39,201
are championing an array
of environmental causes,
813
01:18:39,500 --> 01:18:43,574
among them, the establishment
of marine-protected areas.
814
01:18:43,875 --> 01:18:45,411
Marine-protected areas
815
01:18:45,708 --> 01:18:48,416
are like the national parks
of the ocean.
816
01:18:48,708 --> 01:18:51,576
Governments around the world
are beginning to listen
817
01:18:51,875 --> 01:18:54,788
and to act... slowly.
818
01:18:55,083 --> 01:18:57,746
So far, only about 4%
of the oceans
819
01:18:58,042 --> 01:18:59,999
are marine-protected areas,
820
01:19:00,292 --> 01:19:03,080
but it is an important step
in the right direction...
821
01:19:03,375 --> 01:19:05,788
one of many.
822
01:19:06,083 --> 01:19:09,406
Ultimately, this is
about our will to survive
823
01:19:09,708 --> 01:19:12,200
through our ability to adapt.
824
01:19:12,500 --> 01:19:14,492
The ocean survives
without us.
825
01:19:14,792 --> 01:19:16,784
We don't survive
without the ocean.
826
01:19:17,083 --> 01:19:20,952
Or, as my good friend
Sylvia Earle once said,
827
01:19:21,250 --> 01:19:23,287
"No water, no life.
828
01:19:23,583 --> 01:19:25,666
No blue, no green."
829
01:19:26,917 --> 01:19:28,124
You know something?
830
01:19:28,417 --> 01:19:30,500
I couldn't have said it
better myself.
831
01:20:05,667 --> 01:20:08,956
For me, this voyage has been
about connections...
832
01:20:09,250 --> 01:20:11,333
connections between habitats,
833
01:20:11,625 --> 01:20:13,867
between the ends
of the food chain,
834
01:20:14,167 --> 01:20:15,578
the ends of the Earth,
835
01:20:15,875 --> 01:20:18,288
between us and the ocean,
836
01:20:18,583 --> 01:20:21,747
and between generations.
837
01:20:22,042 --> 01:20:24,750
That's why we are all here.
838
01:20:25,042 --> 01:20:26,908
I kind of picked up on that.
839
01:20:27,208 --> 01:20:28,915
I don't believe in dynasties
840
01:20:29,208 --> 01:20:31,200
anymore than my father did.
841
01:20:31,500 --> 01:20:33,116
But we have a family passion
842
01:20:33,417 --> 01:20:34,908
that is hard to escape.
843
01:20:35,208 --> 01:20:37,200
Impossible, I'd say.
844
01:20:37,500 --> 01:20:41,449
Well, your father entrusted you
with a certain legacy.
845
01:20:41,750 --> 01:20:42,786
He did.
846
01:20:43,083 --> 01:20:44,665
And somewhere down the road,
847
01:20:44,958 --> 01:20:46,790
I might do the same.
848
01:20:47,083 --> 01:20:48,415
Take your time, Papa.
849
01:20:48,708 --> 01:20:51,701
Out there are still
so many wonders...
850
01:20:52,000 --> 01:20:53,992
...we may share.
851
01:20:59,292 --> 01:21:01,784
♪ If we stand here ♪
852
01:21:02,083 --> 01:21:06,077
♪ Side by side ♪
853
01:21:07,667 --> 01:21:11,411
♪ We can bring her back ♪
854
01:21:11,708 --> 01:21:14,667
♪ To life ♪
855
01:21:16,250 --> 01:21:20,324
♪ And the heart of the ocean ♪
856
01:21:20,625 --> 01:21:22,867
♪ Beats in me ♪
857
01:21:24,750 --> 01:21:28,949
♪ Let the heart of the ocean ♪
858
01:21:29,250 --> 01:21:34,075
♪ Set you free ♪
859
01:21:51,667 --> 01:21:53,579
♪ It is not too late,
not to late to change ♪
860
01:21:53,875 --> 01:21:55,787
♪ Not too late
to make a change ♪
861
01:21:56,083 --> 01:21:57,915
♪ It is not too late,
not too late to change ♪
862
01:21:58,208 --> 01:22:00,040
♪ Not to late
to make a change ♪
863
01:22:00,333 --> 01:22:02,199
♪ It is not too late,
not too late to change ♪
864
01:22:02,500 --> 01:22:04,412
♪ Not too late
to make a change ♪
865
01:22:04,708 --> 01:22:07,576
♪ It is not too late ♪
866
01:22:07,875 --> 01:22:10,208
♪ If we stand here ♪
867
01:22:10,500 --> 01:22:16,201
♪ Side by side ♪
868
01:22:16,500 --> 01:22:18,992
♪ We can bring her ♪
869
01:22:19,292 --> 01:22:24,742
♪ Back to life ♪
870
01:22:25,042 --> 01:22:28,956
♪ And the heart of the ocean ♪
871
01:22:29,250 --> 01:22:31,617
♪ Beats in me ♪
872
01:22:33,250 --> 01:22:37,449
♪ Let the heart of the ocean ♪
873
01:22:37,750 --> 01:22:42,575
♪ Set you free ♪
70162
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