All language subtitles for Les Nouveaux Chiens de Garde Eng

WARNING

WARNING

WARNING

THIS FILM BEGINS

WITH AN OLD

BLACK-AND-WHITE
TV PICTURE

I don't often confess,

but I must admit

that until recently,

I'd never read Paul Nizan.

Nizan was an angry young man,

raging against all the injuries
that the world inflicted then, and now.

He's angry with the philosophers
he heard lecturing at the Sorbonne,

talking about Man with a capital "M"

but never about men with a small "m",

men starving to death
or murdered in wars

or beaten up in police stations
all over the world.

He's angry with the liberal
bourgeois writers of his time

whose names we all know,

great writers who spend so much time

contemplating
every nook and cranny of their souls

that they're always 20 years too old
to tell the young who ask them

when to act, and how.

Paul Nizan is a wake-up call.

That's why you should read him.

You may say,

"Why introduce us
to such a rude young man?"

His rudeness is why you should read him.
We don't lack polite writers.

What we lack, and need, are rude ones.

This plea for a writer
raging against the establishment

was broadcast in prime time
on one of France's two TV channels.

In the 1960s,

government control over the TV news

was not always very subtie.

The Information Minister
felt free to invile himself on air

lo unveil his revamped news program.

We've invited Minister Alain Peyrefitte

to present the new format
that he has commissioned.

Minister, would you like
to explain to our viewers

why you ordered

these changes
to the news program?

First, because all recipes grow stale.

Unless we change, we become boring.

For example,

the idea of illustrating
the Council of Ministers' meeting

with scenes of their cars
arriving at the Elysée Palace

was new at first,

but after ten years of repetition,

the festival of car doors
opening and closing

has grown a little tedious.

For the journalists of today,
these scenes from April 1963

epitomize a dark age,

the prehistory of their profession.

Happily, most of them agree
things are very different now.

I've been in TV since 1972.

I've seen a censorship
that went unsaid,

I've seen self-censorship
that went unsaid,

and I've seen the gradual rise,

under President Mitterrand,
mostly during the power-sharing period,

of a total freedom
that's never been revoked.

The Government
had to open up or lose its credibility.

In the old days,

Alain Peyrefitte had a direct line

to every office
in the public broadcasting HQ.

That's all history.
We've come a long way, no question!

"We've come a long way.”

Since then, TV has burst info color.

There are many more channels.

For most journalists,

news reporting today
rests on three pillars:

Independence,
Objectivily and Pluralism,

which safeguard
the media's democratic role.

So?

Should we, like Paul Nizan,
rage against the "watchdogs",

these journalists,
press pundits and media stars

who, like the writers of the 1930s,

bow down lo the powers that be?

Of course not.

All that has changed.

THE NEW WATCHDOGS

So we have taken steps to ensure

that the French TV news
accurately mirrors

every highway and byway

of France and the world.

What a classic!

It's extraordinary to see

the Information Minister
telling the public,

"These are the steps that we,
the Government, have taken

to improve the TV news."

It seems long ago?

It seems antiquated...

or Soviet.

Antiquated or Soviet?

Anne Sinclair and Chrisfine Ockrent,
two celebrity news anchors,

agree that their profession
has moved on.

The guests are unanimous.

These days, journalists
have no ties with politicians.

They do their job,

free of any outside influence.

We tested this theory
at the National Assembly,

at the 2009 Political Book Prize
ceremony,

3 rare occasion

when lop journalists agree
fo mix with politicians.

Don't be surprised

lo see the former Head of News
of France's key public TV channel

kissing an ex-Inferior Minister

convicted of breach of frust.

If's all an act

Behind these social smiles and kisses,

the newshounds are ready lo pounce.

The Fourth Estate
knows that independence

is a daily struggle.

Today's journalists fake no prisoners.
Raphaélle Bacqué,

the prizewinner for her book
on recent prime ministers,

doesn't mince words.

I know no other country
where you could find

twelve such eminent politicians

so skilled at analyzing and explaining
what power is about.

France can rest easy.
It's still the great country of politics.

Used to parrying such deadly blows,
the Speaker of the National Assembly

has the perfect riposte.

...how much
we appreciate

the intelligence
and judgment

of these great writers and voices

of French political journalism.

The Speaker knows
he's not among friends.

Take Laurent Joffrin,
ex-chief editor

of an opposition newspaper
that prides itself

on keeping politicians
at arm's length.

IF YOU SAY "TU"
TO THE PRESIDENT,

ARE YOU CLOSER
TO INFORMATION

OR CLOSER TO POWER?

Saying "tu" means you're too friendly.

People call their workmates “tu”.

As working journalists, we say "tu"

to many people who aren't our friends.

Talking to the French President
is a different matter.

There has to be
a respectable distance.

Sincere belief or sales pitch?

A few years ago,
Laurent Joffrin said...

I say "tu" to Sarko,

like he does to everybody.

So what?

It doesn't stop me bawling him out...

NEWS IS A BATTLE

When it comes lo bawling out Sarkozy,

Laurent Jofirin knows his stuff.

About economic policy...

France's economy
is performing somewhat better

than its neighbors.

It would be unfair
to deny the Government credit for it.

Given these good results,

my question is...

My week is starting well!

I'm here to help.

What comes next?

Wait for it.

After what you just said...

Get it off your chest!
Honestly...

We respect the facts,
even if they favor you.

Does it hurt, Doctor?

The director of Libération
has needled French presidents for years

with his no-nonsense,

almost impudent style.

Monsieur Chirac,
my question may offend you,

but presidential candidates
have to face tough questions.

Absolutely.

A storm of debate
has been raised

by a newspaper article

concerning an apartment

that you or your family
rents in central Paris...

- ll do.
- You do?

You've been criticized
for benefiting, in a way,

from a disproportionately
low rent

considering the amenities

and nature of the apartment.

You have said
it's all legal and above board

and nobody has doubted your word,

but isn't it awkward, image-wise?

You risk being regarded as someone

who benefits, in all honesty,

as everyone agrees...

who benefits, as others do too,

from privileges
that ordinary citizens don't have,

since you seem to pay
a very low rent for that apartment.

Your question
doesn't shock me at all.

One minufe and two seconds
lo ask a question.

Chirac is on the ropes.

NEWS IS A BATTLE

I always admire and feel grateful...

We thank you,

ladies and gentlemen
of the political press

who substantially shape
our compatriots' opinions.

To all of you,
I extend my deepest thanks.

You play a clear role

in keeping our democracy alive.

These people aren't freelance
or part-time journalists.

They're the stars of the trade.

They shape the news

and the political and economic debate

in France.

If you look at these celebrities,

you see they're very similar
to politicians and business leaders.

They have many social traits in common.

They share the same social background.

Looking at famous French journalists,

you see very few
from working-class or rural families.

You find plenty of doctors' children,

diplomats' and industrialists' children.

Coming from similar backgrounds,

they're familiar with each other.

They've also had the same education.

We think most journalists
went to journalism school,

but Ockrent, Pujadas and Elkabbach,
for example,

all graduated from Sciences Po.

Claire Chazal and Emmanuel Chain
are HEC alumni.

So these star journalists
aren't ordinary reporters.

They're tight with
the people they interview.

When it comes down to it,

they're all from the same world.

They're like one big family.

Some went into politics,

some into business,

some into journalism.

That's the feeling you get.

They share the same lifestyle,

the same values, the same friendships.

They stay at the same hotels,

they vacation in the same places.

It really is a family.

“I'll roar and claw
to defend my husband"

This closeness

is so real

that it sometimes furns to passion.

Overt love affairs,

displayed and sold in glossy magazines.

Where else but in France,

the homeland of love?

AUDREY AND ARNAUD
IN LOVE FOR ALL TO SEE

OCKRENT “I'M COMING BACK"

Christine Ockrent
went one step further.

In 2008, when her husband
was Foreign Minister,

she was appointed deputy chief

of foreign broadcasting

by the French President himself.

France Monde,
France's new world broadcasting service,

will oversee
newborn TV channel France 24,

French-speaking TVS Monde,

and Radio France Internationale.

Alain de Pouzilhac will head the group,

seconded by Christine Ockrent.

M. Pouzilhac
is a presidential appointee,

as is his deputy, Christine Ockrent.

40 years after Peyrefitfe,

the freedom of the press
has made great strides.

The Minister no longer needs
o hype his government's policy on TV.

His wife does it for him every day.

It seems antiquated...

or Soviet.

In my opinion, Claire Chazal,

money and politics
should be kept separate.

Neither should control the other,

especially if the money
also owns big media companies.

This news program made history.

For the first ime
since if was privatized,

a party leader challenged
TF1's independence, live on air.

Not because ifs journalists
were in league with politicians

but because France's lop TV channel
was funded by big business.

Believe me,
the country is in trouble

when very big financial
and industrial interests

are combined with
very big media interests

and also have very close links
with the Government.

Attacked by a parliamentarian
who voled o privatize TF1 in 1987,

Claire Chazal fights back.

The channel's star anchor
won't let anyone

slander her employer,
the Bouygues Group.

And she's not the only journalist
lo be employed by a conglomerate.

Here's an example,
this time from public TV.

Tonight there's a meeting
of two big media stars.

One is a famous variely show host,

the other a former news anchor.

Michel Drucker,

past and future employee
of the Lagardére Group,

plays host to Jean-Pierre Elkabbach,

past and present employee
of the same Group.

And who is their guest?

Amnaud Lagardére, their boss.

Arnaud, thanks a million.

We rarely see you.
You keep a low profile.

You usually avoid the limelight.

You're here for Jean-Pierre,

whom you've known
since he advised your father.

But first, a word about the Group.

Lagardére is one of the world's biggest
media and hi-tech conglomerates.

Our viewers have no idea how deeply
it penetrates their daily lives.

Books, magazines, radio stations,

airplanes...

- Careful, they'll quote you.
- Am I far off?

Not far off, but keep it quiet.

Above all, the Group
is a fantastic human adventure

involving 250,000 people
all around the world.

Amaud Lagardére is right
to correct Michel Drucker.

The Group he heads

is a fantastic human adventure,

not an all-invading monopoly.

To prove if, we will show
that it's perfectly possible

lo spend a day
without the I agardére Group.

Let's take an average Frenchman,
Monsieur Lambert.

He wakes up to Europe 1,

Lagardére's flagship radio station.

But equally well, he can listen
to Radio Classique, owned by LVMH.

Going lo work, he can buy a paper

from one of Lagardére's 1,000 ouliefs...

or pick up a freesheet
published by the Bolloré Group.

Al the office,

his workmates
can browse a Lagardére website

or a Lagardére magazine...

but Lambert can read
the Dassault Group's newspaper.

On his way home,

Lambert can buy one of
Lagardére's 20 magazines...

or one owned by the PPR Group.

Back home, Lambert can surf

Lagardére's eight TV channels...

or waich the evening news
on Bouygues-owned TF1.

In my opinion,

money and politics
should be kept separate.

A day without Amaud Lagardére

comes at the price

of consorting with
a similar bunch

of big business
bosses,

all with big media holdings...

and all jockeying
for government contracts.

Selling information
gives them two things:

political clout

and money.

France is unusual in having
large media corporations

that live off
government contracts.

"Bricks and Bullets",

Bouygues and Lagardére.

This is clearly an unhealthy situation

for the media

but very profitable for the companies.

The political leverage it gives them
is deeply corrupting.

Martin Bouygues,
France's 17th richest man

The concentration
and financialization of the media

has a big impact.

Obviously,
economics can't explain everything

but no explanation
is complete without it.

We can't understand
the impoverishment of information

if we ignore
the relentless drive to cut costs

much more savagely
than the printed press,

especially the national dailies,

which are happy
to clear just enough profit

to invest moderately
and pay their workers' wages.

The profit-hunters

aim to make
the media as profitable

as any cutting-edge
economic sector.

Claire Chazal,

I am not criticizing Nicolas Sarkozy
for his closeness

to some very powerful
business leaders.

He makes no secret of it.

He even flaunts it in the papers,

as you know.

Bayrou had good reason lo begrudge
these lycoons' friendship

with his rival
presidential candidate, Sarkozy.

On May 6th 2007, no less than four
of these media magnates

gathered at Fouquet's restaurant
10 toast the new president's viclory.

The well-publicized familiarity

between our dear President Sarkozy
and the media barons is troublesome.

It is plainly, deeply corrupting.

But when we probe
beyond the friendships,

the yacht parties and backslapping,

we see that the backslapping
is based primarily

on a shared set of values
and political beliefs.

Because they agree
on the society they want to construct

and the economic interests they support,

these friendships
can be quite effective.

The interests of the people
who really run this country

reach far beyond the person
of Sarkozy himself.

Sarkozy is there because today,
he seems to be the best guardian

of their financial
and ideological interests.

But if, for any reason,
he becomes a liability tomorrow,

they'll back another horse
without blinking.

They have plenty of runners
to choose from.

On the right wing, naturally,
but also on the left.

A word about your neighbor,

Jean-Pierre,
your father's former adviser.

Do you listen to him every morning?

- Sometimes I even see him.
- You drop in?

It's a show in itself.

He drops in around 7:45
and we have a chat...

...we have a chat...

...we have a chat...

The viewers of Drucker's show
believe every word.

When the boss of a conglomerate
employing 250,000 people

drops in at the radio station he owns,
it's o have a chat.

Certainly not to give orders.

Elkabbach and Drucker assert

that for their employers,

the freedom of the press

is sacred.

And not only freedom.
He has other qualities.

I'm not saying it to flatter you.

I saw you metamorphose
into a great European manager.

It's amazing. Once or twice,
I've watched him negotiate.

Can I say this?

He's so focused and so still,
you wonder if he's there.

He bides his time.

All of a sudden, he strikes.

He grabs the strategic initiative.

He can even surprise you
by switching strategies.

Negotiators beware!

Don't tell!

It's a good thing I came.

It's good that he drops in...

It's a good thing he came.

It lakes great journalistic skill

lo praise a boss so fulsomely.

He grabs the strategic initiative.

He can even surprise you
by switching strategies.

WORKING DOGS

Lie!

Sit!

Stand!

Journalists
have two ways of not conlesting

the power
that media owners exert on them.

They can simply deny it,

as Elkabbach and many others do,

or they can say it's natural
for this power lo exert itself.

Back to our two famous editorial writers.

What's their lake on the subject?

Do you feel
the Lagardére media

are under orders,

in thrall to business interests
and arms dealers?

No.
It varies for each magazine,

each part
of the Lagardére empire.

There's always
a nebulous power.

Some people are so powerful
that they don't need to speak

but they do set guidelines,
obviously.

If you start up a newspaper,
you don't hand over control

to a hand-picked
team of journalists.

It makes sense
that the owner sets guidelines.

Have you ever been
censored?

Has Robert Hersant
ever phoned you

before you went to press

and say "Scrap that article”

or "Change that headline"?

It happens on every newspaper.

It seems very natural to me.

I think every owner

has rights over his paper.

In a way,
he's the one with the power.

My power, pardon the expression,
is one big joke.

Let's call it responsibility, then.

Real power exists.
It's the enduring power of capital.

That's real power.

Power naturally exerts itself.

So power naturally exerds itself.

But how, in practice?

Back to the TF1 news,

France's most watched
news program.

The country's in trouble.

Harsh words!

Can you give
any practical examples?

She's right.
Let's take a practical example.

Not just any example.

An important issue
involving public safely

and France's future.

How to Handle Boozefests?

Should Boozefests be Banned?

Nothing quite so serious!

Let's take the safely
of nuclear power plants.

On May 27th 2008,

an AFP wire story
reported that "serious faults”™

had prompted
the Nuclear Safely Authorily

to halt the pouring of concrete
at the Flamanville reactor site.

Various media
picked up the story during the day.

Work on the nuclear plant is on hold.

Faults have been found
in the concrete reinforcing rods.

The wire story reported that
the grading work and pouring of concrete

were contracted lo the Bouygues Group.

Lel's see how TF1,
owned by Martin Bouygues,

reported the event that evening.

Good evening.

Our top stories today:

President Sarkozy visits Rungis market

to greet "France's early risers
who want to make a decent living."

This evening,
TF1's seven million viewers

are fold nothing
about the nuclear site.

Lel's try tomorrow.

Today's top stories...

Still nothing.

Let's walch Claire Chazal.

Good evening.

The headlines today:

The floods continue...

Not a word from Claire Chazal
about her employer's trouble.

In recent years, the nuclear sector

has been a key business area
for the Bouygues Group.

Real power exists.
It's the enduring power of capital.

That's real power.

Power naturally exerts itself.

Power naturally exerts ilself.

Naturally, therefore,

there's a place in Paris
where the media stars dine once a month

with the political and financial elite.

Le Siéecle is a privale club

which picks its members
from among the French elite.

Business leaders,
lop civil servants,

Jjournalists,
intellectuals, politicians

all follow the golden rule:

Never breathe a word outside
about what's said in here.

Free from prying eyes and oversight,

the media stars
learn the manners of power

and hear what's on its mind.

Former government minister

Credit Agricole board member

Editorial writer for Le Figaro, etc.

MP and former minister

Head of Calyon bank

Speaker of the National Assembly

Le Monde board member

Vice-Chairman of Arte TV

Former government minister

Lurking documentary filmmaker

All these clubs

are a motley crew of journalists,

pseudo-intellectuals,

semi-economists,

real economists,
top civil servants, politicians,

and business leaders, naturally.

The whole bunch
are as thick as thieves.

Vice-President
of the French Banks Association, etc.

Government minister

Adviser to the Mayor of Paris

Chair of PPR Supervisory Board

Board member of Gucci, TF1, YSL...

Le Point, Bouygues, Air France, etc.

Joining this kind of club

and belonging to it

involves... how can I put it?

Forfeiting freedom of speech
and critical judgment

in order to fit the norm,

adapt, adjust,

and censor yourself.

Very soon, you don't need to be told.

You know what you can and can't say,

the questions you can and can't ask.

Joining the Siécle

means that you fit in
with the French ruling class.

As a member, you have to
respect its interests, at least,

and not interfere with
its political and economic agenda.

Thanks, boss!

It's such fun lo work for you

We're as happy as larks

Thanks, boss!

For what you do here on earth,

One day God will reward you.

The media dislike the business world.

Your audience, the general public,

aren't curious about business.

They have no taste for it.

It's also because
businesspeople keep quiet.

It's a struggle to get them
to participate in debates

on this program, for example.

We're happy to have you!

Maybe you'll persuade others
to follow suit.

You're right, there's a fear...

For some prominent journalists,

frequenting business leaders
fosters a love of business

that is more than quietly plalonic.

It jingles like gold.

As we all know, we live

in a globalized world, of which
we'll see a spectacular example tonight.

As you probably know, Microsoft...

When journalists use their reputation

lo plug a product or a company
for financial reward,

it's called "double-dipping".

Conflict of inferest is an obvious risk

and journalism's Code of Ethics
sternly reproves double-dipping.

But pick up the phone

and you'll find plenty who do it.

There's one for every purse.

Let's assume that Monsieur Lambert

manages a company called KTP Finance.

He phones up a specialized agency

lo hire a well-known journalist.

...to celebrate their sales figures.

I'd like to hire
a journalist guest speaker.

Let's see what would happen.

Somebody high-end.

We've got a decent budget
but I want good value.

What sort of budget?

We're thinking about 15,000 euros.

That's a good budget.

We work with lots of journalists
at lofs of different prices.

Whom did you have in mind?

Ideally, Patrick Poivre d'Arvor
or Christine Ockrent.

She doesn't do it anymore.
She got told off.

She did but she stopped?

She got caught, you might say.

Guillaume Durand does it.

How much?

17,000 or 18,000.

- And Poivre d'Arvor?
- He's more like 25,000.

But Pujadas, Durand etc.
They're possible?

Not Pujadas.
Basically, forget about news anchors.

They're foo exposed.

Exposed to what?

Getting paid serious money
o appear at a corporate function

is something they keep quiet about.

Is it?

It's hypocritical.

All journalists do if,
or let's say half of them.

But their management disapproves

if they use the celebrity
they've gained on the job

lo make money elsewhere...

I don't suppose you have a list
of journalists to choose from?

A what?

A list to choose from.

No! It would be loo long,
and besides...

Monsieur Lambert keeps frying.
Soon he has the list he wants.

He is deluged with the CVs
of journalists willing lo double-dip.

Full CVs, including their fees

and the names of salisfied companies.

From among the flood of candidates,

Lambert makes his choice.

Fortunately, he can afford her.

But does a champion of consumer rights
on France Inter radio

know how lo boost

the corporate culture
of his workforce?

The reply comes quickly.

Isabelle Giordano isn't hidebound.

She's a true pro.

So pro, in fact,

that she happily double-dips
for a consumer credit company

and invites
its Chief Communications Officer

lo speak on her consumer
protection show on public radio.

The Difference Is Independence.

The Difference Is Vigilance.

Paul Nizan The Watchdogs

"Bourgeois thought
always says to the people,

“Take my word for it.
Whatever I tell you is true.

“All the thinkers I nourish
have labored for you.

"You cannot re-study
all the problems they resolved

"or retrace the same paths,

"but you can accept the findings
of these pure and selfless people,

“these men who bear
the stamp of greatness

“and hold aloft from the common folk
for whom they labor

the keys to truth and justice.”

Most television viewers

would like the news to be presented

not always by the same reader,

but by experts in the relevant field:

international, economic,

social, legal, or parliamentary.

In future, the news presenter
will act as a kind of ringmaster,

standing back to make way,

either for pictures

or for specialists on the topic.

I hope and believe

that all honest TV viewers,

that is almost all,

will agree that this new format,

involving less commentary
and letting the pictures,

the facts, and arguments
speak for themselves,

will be a step towards objectivity

and depoliticization.

OBJECTIVITY

The Information Minister's dream
came frue.

The specialist, vouching for unbiased
and depolificized news,

is now a permanent! guest
in the TV studio,

radio newsroom,
and newspaper columns.

They call him the "exper!”.

Economist, sociologist,
political scientist or intellectual,

his academic credentials
give his words the gloss of science.

But the clique of experls is small,

scarcely 30 in all the media combined.

They zigzag from show lo show,

relaying each other,

answering the questions
that the host thinks we should ask.

With us tonight

is an expert French economist.

Alain Minc, you wrote a book...

What about 2008, Christian?

First, it's interesting...

We've lost touch
with the young and the over-50s.

Monsieur Lorenzi.

It's as clear as daylight.

Jean-Hervé Lorenzi.

I'm amazed we can't agree.

Nicolas Baverez,
I'd like to ask you first.

Nicolas Baverez,

historian and economist,

Jacques Attali,
President of Planéte Finance.

Jacques Attali, it's 5:47.

We should see it as part
of a worldwide trend...

Elie Cohen, good morning.

Thank you for coming.
You're a research director.

Research director
and professor at Sciences Po.

Michel Godet, economics lecturer.

Let's focus on one of them.

Averagely intelligent,

averagely well known,

like the others,
he is often asked his opinion

on TV shows, talk radio,

and in the columns
of a major daily paper.

This ordinary expert's name

is Michel Godel.

Without noficing it,

France has practically
grown up with him.

In a changing world,
the rules must change too.

We can't afford
our old industrial relations,

our collective agreements,
our "little habits".

In future, we may have to agree

to take Wednesdays off
but work on Saturdays.

We can't face the future
with agreements signed in 1945

or even 1909, for railway workers.

In a changing world,
the rules must change.

How many hours do how many
people work in a lifetime?

How much work gets done?

If France goes on having
so few people in work,

doing so little and retiring
so young, it doesn't add up.

In countries where
there's less unemployment,

more people work, and for longer.

Rowing less hard
won't get you there faster.

We must work earlier,
work later,

work part-time
and be more flexible.

Our one-size-fits-all system
must change.

We have too few workers,
especially young and old,

and they don't work enough.
Work creates jobs!

Over the years,

his exhortations
to the French to work more

have enabled our expert,
at least, to earn more.

Thanks lo his fame in the media,

he can charge high fees

for lecturing
lo companies and institutions.

As introductions go, that was fairly...

complimentary but unnerving.

If he gives a lecture a month,
that's 78,000 euros per year.

Plus his salary as teacher
at the National Engineering School,

let's say 48,000,

plus his fees as director
of a multinational company, Bongrain,

around 25,000.

Michel Godet earns
about 150,000 euros per year.

Bravo, Michel.

150,000 euros...

About ten fimes
the minimum legal wage.

You can get a PDF of my lecture.

A wage which Michel Godet
thinks is foo high.

Michel Godet,

you think we should dare
to lower the minimum legal wage?

Logically, yes.

If we can't touch
the labor unions' privileges,

then we can't adjust
the minimum wage,

although in an increasingly
global market, it kills jobs

because the worldwide cost
of unskilled labor keeps falling.

Michel Godel is typical
of the 30-odd experls

who dominate the media.

Like him,

nearly all of them
are board members of big companies,

they work with banks
and advise investment companies.

But these aclivifies
are never mentioned.

When the media invite them,

it is always due
to their academic credentials.

Why do the mass media

keep so quiet about the collusions,

which I call "dangerous liaisons",

between their regular guest economists

and the business world?

The general public,
radio listeners and TV watchers

would regard a brilliant
academic economist very differently

if they knew that this economist
is paid handsomely by banks,

insurance firms, and private companies

to sit on their boards
at the heart of decision-making.

Elie Cohen,
thank you for coming.

You're a research director
and economics professor...

I don't see how anyone can claim
to be intellectually independent

while being deeply embedded
in the world of business.

Nowadays, we consider

that if an expert is a member
of the Food Safety Agency

and also on the board
of a big agribusiness company,

there's conflict of interest.

I think everyone agrees on that.

Why doesn't the same criticism apply

to economists who are paid by banks,
insurance companies and big businesses

to increase their profits and interests?

Isn't that a conflict of interest?

Professor Jean-Hervé Lorenzi.

These people say,
"We're intellectually independent”

but we can't believe them.

It may be hard to believe
that these experls are unbiased,

but it's easy lo guess
where they dine

once a month.

Freelance economist

Freelance economists

Freelance economist

Very tangibly, their job

is to promote,

including in the mainstream media
which they virtually monopolize,

the prevailing economic dogma
that is capitalism.

For the past thirly years,

a debate has raged belween
worshippers of market forces...

and worshippers of market forces.

I'm delighted to see the revival

of the idea of enterprise,
profit and the market.

I'm thrilled to hear Alain Minc say it.

That's good, is it?

And new?

The market has always existed
but we couldn't boast about it.

We couldn't boast and now we can?

If you want a longer,
more comfortable life,

which most people on this planet want,

history shows that capitalism works.

What is a financial market?

As I say in my book,
it's rather like a farmers' market.

Some people bring melons,
others bring chickens,

and they trade melons for chickens.

Christian de Boissieu,
thank you for coming.

Speaking of Christmas shopping,

what about financial products?

If there's a glut of chickens
and too few melons,

the melon grower wins out.

Are the Socialists reformists?

Yes, at long last!

The wording isn't fixed
but it's there in writing.

The Socialist Party
is in the market, in globalization.

To regulate and improve it, of course!
Not endure it.

But it's in there, between
social democracy and social liberalism.

For the past 3,000 years,

the market and democracy
have advanced hand in hand.

They are not only compatible,
but mutually beneficial.

Your newspaper, Le Monde,
hasn't changed much in 50 years.

Are we witnessing a revolution?

In the mid-1990s,

the champions of an unfettered market

were happy lo welcome
a strong new ally,

the daily newspaper Le Monde.

Headed by a friumvirale
of Jean-Marie Colombani,

Edwy Plenel

and Alain Minc,

the famously independent
French newspaper of record

opened ifs columns
lo experts and journalists

preaching the gospel
of neoliberal economics.

When Le Monde

joins the free market chorus,

it affects the whole media scene.

If Le Monde,
which is often called

“the newspaper of record”,

defends the same ideas that Libération

has defended since the 1980s
under Joffrin,

and which the leftist fringe
of Le Figaro also defends,

we obviously get a standardization

of economic opinion.
It's liberalize or die.

Le Monde is still
the paper of record.

It's regarded as such,

even though its editorial line
has changed considerably.

So when those ideas

are spread, proclaimed,

and upheld with almost militant fervor

by the newspaper of record,
they're legitimized.

In a second section of the paper,

we aim to repair

another of our weaknesses,

this time in the field of business news.

As you know, the strategies of large
industrial and banking groups nowadays

are at least as influential
as public spending.

We want to keep up in that area,

so business, financial and market news
will have a central place in the paper.

They want to convert society
to a new way of living together,

a new form of economic and social life.

But basically, society refuses it.

For very good reasons.

It has everything to lose.
It's plain and simple.

As the foreseeable resistance
took shape,

persuasion and conviction
had to be deployed

in equal measure.

It was time to start teaching.

"We haven't been good enough teachers.
We need to explain.”

As the media started teaching,

some journalists discovered
a priestly vocation

for educating the masses.

Perhaps this country needs to be taught.

Workers, employers,
politicians and the media too,

at our own humble level,

must all do a better job
of explaining the complex choices...

In news-speak,
"Explaining the complex choices”

is a fancy way of explaining

the need for reform.

The word 'reform”
is now on everyone's lips.

Good evening!

Why can't we reform in France
when everyone else is doing it?

That is our topic tonight.

Can France reform itself?

Can it afford not to
in this globalized era?

How can the French be convinced
of the need for reform?

Do you accept the need for reform?

Why is it so hard
for France to make reforms?

Why doesn't it work here, in France?

People are starting to realize
that growth can't resume

until we give up
some historic privileges.

In the recent past,
we've fallen behind with reforms.

That's what worries me today.

We can't introduce a mass
of painful but necessary reforms.

We're at the end of a cycle.
The end of a system.

People are scared and don't want change.

Have the French become
ultra-conservative overnight?

They say no. They fear change.

It's not just the fear

of losing entitlements,
losing what one has,

it's the fear of any change at all.

Why does public debate
always revolve around concepts

such as "reform", "outdated methods",
"the fall of France", "decline”,

"the French model", etc?

I've noticed there's a small vocabulary

of about 15 or 20 words,

without which
all these journalists and experts

couldn't make a single sentence.
It's true!

Without the word "reform",
they're speechless.

They can't put three words together.

In order lo persuade,
you need methods of persuasion.

The media have their champions,

tirelessly working
the cameras and mikes.

In the past six years,
Frédéric Lordon and Jean Gadrey

have been guests on radio
and TV shows 32 fimes.

During the same period,

Jacques Affali,
J-H Lorenzi and Michel Godet

have made
912 appearances alfogether.

Hello and welcome to the
TV and politics show

with Eric Zemmour
and Claude Imbert.

Even though the journalists
and experts agree on the basics,

we still have fo go through
the motions of debafte.

The phone lines are open,
the contest can begin...

The media regularly stage fierce duels

between bitterly opposed debaters.

In this talk show on LCll,

left-wing intellectual
Jacques Julliard

locks horns each week
with right-wing philosopher Luc Ferry.

Be warned, their words
are shockingly violent.

I'm sorry, Luc...

I can't disagree with you there.

I wish I could.

I'd go the other way.

You'll agree with me here,
as I agreed with you there.

Like you, I'm glad

that public opinion is so strong.

I agree with Jacques.

Luc is absolutely right.

We need to explain about globalization.

You're stealing my words.

I have to agree about austerity.

You're right.

On that point,

Luc and I won't argue very fiercely.

I agree with Jacques.

The constitutional treaty
should have come first,

before enlargement.

Give me credit for thinking like you do.

I'm not a government minister,
but it's still my opinion.

I rather agree with Jacques,

except on one point,
which you kindly left open.

I wouldn't equate
liberalism with communism.

On that point, I quite agree with you.

What we also need,

as I'm sure Jacques agrees,
is something even tougher.

People say
we disagree too much.

They worry
about our relationship.

In fact, it's excellent.

This week, we entirely agree

and we're not ashamed of it.

Some articles of faith
are never questioned:

Europe in its present shape,

the general trend
towards market deregulation,

also known as globalization,

and the general scaling back,

and in France especially,

the quiet dismantling
of the welfare state.

That's the boundary line.

Some people debate within the box.
Others try to change it.

The opponents who want to change it

are simply locked out.

Those who are happy
to paddle around in the sandbox

are allowed in.

But the resulting political debate
is terribly stunted.

For convincing the public,

a favorite rhetorical device

is the foreign example.

Out there, abroad,

in nearby or distant countries,

we see brave choices,

the example to follow.

Among the foreign countries
that wisely and bravely

bit the bullet of reform,

the country most cited

by French journalists and experts

was Great Brifain.

Its free-market swing,
begun by Margaret Thatcher,

was fervently admired.

A political talk show

on June 12th 2004

on French public television

summed up the arguments

in favor of the Brifish model.

Journalist Thierry Thuillier,
future Head of News at France 2,

preaches the free market
with evangelical zeal.

But can we be sure
that the free market model

would be bad for France?

Objectively,
we can't help noticing

that it has won Tony Blair
a third term in office

and the British economy
is thriving.

In France,
the Polish plumber is a bogeyman.

In England, he's a welcome guest.

We report on the British
model of integration.

To see for ourselves
how the UK economy is thriving,

we went io London

to meet an expert who is never invited
by French journalists.

Sir Michael Marmot

chaired the World Health Organization's
2008 report

on social determinants
and life expectancy.

Professor of Epidemiology
and WHO expert

Seeing it works,
should we copy the English?

Stay with us.

Four years later,

the recession showed how well
the UK economy was working.

State to the Rescue!

The Big Slide

Free Fall

On the morning of Sept. 15th 2008,

the media woke up aghast
lo a huge financial crisis

which threw over 64 million people
into deep poverly

all over the world.

Too busy hailing
the rosy dawn of liberalism,

the experts were caught napping.

One of their best-known
and influential faces,

and equally caught napping,

was Alain Minc.

While Michel Godet has been playing
Joe Expert for 30 years,

Alain Minc has been batting
in a different league.

Alain Minc, on page 230
you call yourself a left-wing liberal.

What does that mean?

Good question!

Alain Minc is one of the brightest...

This aber-expert

advises business leaders,
ministers and heads of state.

In the media, he is onstage
and also backstage.

Onstage, he appears on book programs
and political talk shows.

Backstage, he chairs
the supervisory board of Le Monde

and is the brains behind
many media group managers.

In 2005, his friend Vincent Bolloré,

friend of his friend Nicolas Sarkozy,

gave him a show
on his newly created TV channel.

Good evening
and Happy New Year.

January 5th, 2008.

Minc invited

the inevitable
Christian de Boissieur.

They discussed
the American subprimes crisis

that led 9 months later,
as we know,

to the financial market meltdown
in September 2008.

I'd like to qualify
your comments.

I'm with you 95%,

but I'll use my 5%
of intellectual freedom

to point out the amazing
flexibility of the system.

It goes to show

that the financial system

is so finely regulated

that it averted a crisis

which could have been
as bad as the big financial crises

we've seen in the past.

Deep down,
it's a very resilient system.

It's not regulated
by any visible body,

but it's very well regulated
all the same.

The interplay between central banks
and governments...

In reality, empiricism

prevails over ideological stances

and the world economy
is pretty well run.

That's vintage Minc.

He's in top form.

Everything points
to the recession of the century,

all the signs are there,

but the system is resilient,
it will take it in its stride,

we'll glide on through
and growth will resume.

There's a body
of intellectual speculation

that always makes
the same enormous mistakes.

It ought to be punished.

Not financially,

but there should come a point

when the democratic system
bans those people

from the positions they hold
as top experts,

high priests and speakers of truth.

They're anything but.

This crisis is a prime example.

It took by surprise,

as that clip shows very well,

all those people
who'd been saying for 20 years

that deregulation was the best system.

It's a vivid demonstration

of a colossal mistake.

Six months later,
on June 7th 2008,

Alain Minc displayed the same optimism.

He invited
another famous expert, Daniel Cohen,

editorial writer for Le Monde

and adviser to Lazard bank.

June 7th

was three months
before the September 2008 crash.

I probably shouldn't call him
“the best economist in France”

after Giscard d'Estaing
gave that title to Raymond Barre.

I'd be going too far,

but I'd be glad to hear

his diagnosis
of this peculiar economic moment.

I agree with you

that the financial crisis

is not entirely finished
but the worst is over.

That is, the risk...

The risk that the financial crisis
would spark a systemic crisis

with banks going down
like dominoes, seems to be averted.

Here again the situation makes us ask,

if France's best economist
in the eyes of Alain Minc

can be so far wrong
in June 2008,

is the whole profession doomed?

Did nobody see it coming?

No.

In all fairness, it has to be said

that some people,
including some economists

had seen it coming for years.

The real question is,
why are the people who get interviewed

always the ones least critical
of the basis of the system?

Daniel Cohen didn't see it coming.

There's a persistence in error

that is met with persistent leniency.

They can say whatever they like.

Those guys are rustproof.

You wonder what
they'd have to come out with

to make the media finally say,

"You're a good old boy
but let's face it,

we can't ask you here again."

Of course, the opposite happened.

The same experts glossed the collapse

of a system they'd previously praised.

They spoke even more than before.

From September 2008 to December 2010,

Alain Minc,

Christian de Boissieu
and Daniel Cohen

between them

spoke 332 limes
on the radio and TV.

Frederic { ordon
and Jean Gadrey

were invited only 21 times.

Clearly, because

the unions
are behind the times

we're the only big country
which refuses

to tackle the issue
of workers' privileges.

Until we grasp the basic problem

that the French cannot accept the fact

that society needs deep reform,

the question will always remain.

French rigidity stops us
developing towards

the gradual expansion
of the market and democracy.

So France
is in a strange position where

some people bring melons
and others bring chickens

and they trade melons for chickens.

"When bourgeois ideas came to be seen
as products of timeless reason

“and no longer
as shaky historical constructs,

“they had the best chance
of surviving and resisting attack.

"Everyone forgot the circumstances
that engendered them

and also made them mortal."

When the Government wishes
to defend its point of view,

it will do it openly,

through a qualified spokesman.

How will this spokesman
express himself?

In a televised speech,
a statement, or what?

He might make a statement

but whenever possible,
we will hold an open debate

between the various points of view

in order to respect
the freedom of information

and opinion of all French people.

We may smile fo see Alain Peyrefitle
defending pluralism of opinion

while imposing his Government's changes
on the TV news.

Fifty years on,

Jjournalists still hark back
lo that era

when they praise the so-called
pluralism of today's media.

We had the De Gaulle era,

the Ministry of Information era...

We still have a Minister of Culture

and Communication

but he's not so important now?

No, thank goodness.

Nowadays, they have
to contend with competition.

Back then, we had only two
TV channels. Now there are dozens.

We had three important radio stations.
Now there are hundreds.

Now there's the Internet.

Nothing can be hushed up for long.

There's always competition

and therefore logically, necessarily,

there's more real independence
than back then.

Not because politicians are more
virtuous or journalists are smarter,

but competition has forced it on them,
thank God.

Now the news can't do without it.

For Alain Duhamel
and most other journalists,

competition is the ideal model
that safeguards

their independence.

But it's no wonder that Alain Duhamel
sees only good in the news markel.

He is one of those who have reaped

the richest rewards
from the growth of the news media.

Every news show I appear on...

He started out in public broadcasting
in the days of Alain Peyrefitie.

While pursuing a rustproof career
as a presidential interviewer,

he embodied his own variely
of media pluralism.

In the early 2000s,

he sold his editorials
to ten media outlets at a time:

France 2, Canal+,

RTL, Libérafion,

Le Point, Nice Mafin,

Les DNA, Le Maine Libre,

Le Courrier de I'Oueslt, Presse Océan.

He's unlikely to bite the hand
of a market that's fed him so well.

SIGNING SESSION

For Renaud Lambert, please.

L-A-M-B-E-R-T?

What do you do?

I studied journalism.
You've always been an example.

We watched and listened to you a lot

and discussed you in class.

I'm very pleased to meet you.

Why did you ask him to sign your book?

I'm studying journalism...

Alain Duhamel is one of my heroes.

His trademark style is asking questions
that let people get on with the job.

Like when Nicolas Sarkozy met the press.

It's a school in itself.

Your first questioner is Alain Duhamel.

Unfortunately,
the market has no feelings

and Alain Duhamel has reached

his sell-by date.

If 1 may!

Will you cap public borrowing?

With competition, the media

have lo keep frading

new faces for old.

Ageing stars are usually replaced
by equivalent models

who falk the same lalk.

But to win other audiences
and gain market share,

the media sometimes bank

on more impetuous,
outspoken characters.

Even rebels, if need be.

Michel Field

is one such journalist
chosen for his rebellious image.

His career is the banal story
of the rebel who fell info line.

As militant revolutionaries,
we believe we'll change society.

The people we're fighting
will make us use force.

We don't rule out armed struggle.

Michel Field sells his militant image

on public television.

We see him late at night

discussing philosopher Félix Guatlari

with former Red Brigades member
Toni Negri.

Ten years later,

his talk show guests have changed.

He picks up the phone, live on air,

and calls in the police.

There's a growing demand
from our fellow citizens

for a basic right to law and order.

Over fime,
Michel Field has skillfully adopted

the habits of his fellow stars.

Casino is a great group.
It's yours.

We can't wait to see
these new products on the shelves.

Michel,
here's a standard checkout sign...

I recognize it.

And here's our new one.

“Next Smile"

Five years on,
Michel Field hosts a UMP parly rally

urging "Yes"
to the European Constitution.

Please welcome Arnaud Lagardére.

He brings on Amaud Lagardére,
the owner of the radio station

for which he works.

Michel Field welcomes you

to the Discovery Cafe

on Europe 1.

We find him in the early afternoon,

swapping childhood dreams

with Claire Chazal.

What started your love of dance?

Since I was young...

You've guessed where Michel Field

has dinner once a month.

Pseudo-rebel

Naturally, Michel Field is not
the only pseudo-rebel on the airwaves.

The market churns them out.

Revolutionaries of the world,

disunite!

With no leader or star,
you can't be caught.

Get your kicks demolishing power.

One of the most successful
is Philippe Val.

His image as a prof est singer

earned him the lop job
at satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo.

The press is sad.

It's sad because it's full
of lukewarm, cautious, boring stuff.

There's not much humor in the press.

We see him late at night

with Michel Field,

boasting about making fun of TF1.

- You stitched them up.
- They got it in the ass!

Twenty years later...

Media news:

Val is named head of France Infer radio
by the director of Radio France,

himself directly appointed
by President Sarkozy.

He quickly fired two humorists

who were deemed
too cocky by the powers that be.

You can mix genres
but you have to be careful.

Give me one example

of a journalist
who started out

as you might say a rebel,

a non-conformist,

who wasn't either

quietly dropped or bought.

There's no alternative.

The system spits out
everything it can't digest.

You can't sit in the presenter's chair
without paying for it somehow.

All the top channels for all the family.

Seven sports channels by satellite.

The news market,

instead of providing pluralism,

manufactures a handful
of celebrily journalists

that the media compete to grab

lo boost their market share.

For these roving journalists,

hopping between
public and private outlets

lo suit their careers,

there are two rules:

Push the brand

but never disparage
a potential future employer.

The Difference Is Independence.

Why did you move
from France Inter to Europe 1

after saying, "I don't accept offers
from privately-owned stations.

"1 get up at 3 a.m. because I like it

and I believe in public broadcasting

Don't you know Europe 1
is owned by Lagardére?

A friend at Radio France
once said to me,

"Your family is the radio,
first and foremost.”

- Didn't you know it two years ago?
- Of course I did.

But you've followed the same path,
Marc-Olivier Fogiel.

A career is made of accelerations,

some splits, and continuity.

We've heard you speak out
for public broadcasting too.

But I didn't say, like you did,
that it fascinated me.

I didn't say
it's the only place I want to work.

There are certainly big differences

between public and private broadcasters

but the gap is shrinking.

One symptom of the situation

is the way the celebrities

of private TV and radio networks

casually transfer themselves
to the public networks and vice-versa.

When the leading players care so little

about the role
of public broadcasting,

it signifies a big step backwards.

Speaking of players and transfers,
winter 2010-2011 was a fransfer window

that FIFA would have envied.

Jacques Julliard kicked off.

Disappointed by Denis Olivennes,

he left Le Nouvel Observateur
to join Marianne.

Laurent Joffrin quit Libération

to replace Olivennes,

who took over the caplaincy of Europe 1

from Alexandre Bompard,

who became CEO of La Fnac,

the job vacated by Denis Olivennes
a few months earlier.

Early in the New Year,

Nicolas Poincaré left France Info

for Europe 1,

replacing Nicolas Demorand,

who look the helm of Libération,

while Arletfe Chabot left France 2

to become editor-in-chief at Europe 1.

At the same time Erik Izraelewicz,

after stints at Les Echos
and La Tribune,

returned fo Le Monde

lo replace Eric Fotlorino as director.

That is what
“pluralism of information” is made of.

A game of musical chairs
by a few interchangeable journalists

who feel at home everywhere.

At first, we had only two TV channels.
Now there are dozens!

We had three important radio stations.
Now there are hundreds!

Now there's the Internet.

Nothing can be hushed up for long.

As Duhamel keeps saying,

the multiplication of media outlets
ensures pluralism of information.

But when competition is king,
news is a product that has fo be sold.

One kind of information
is easy lo make,

very cost-effective,

and sold everywhere.

THE LAW AND ORDER SHOW

Delinquency and violence
are rarely out of the news nowadays.

A worrying rise

in violence in nursery
and elementary schools...

"Baby thugs”,

the rarely reported issue
of violent 3 to 13-year-olds.

The police call the rise "alarming".

As we all know,
delinquency has risen this year...

Arise in casual crimes with violence...

But this trend has not dispelled
the sense of insecurity.

In Cherbourg, for example,

the shopkeepers are sick
of robberies and vandalism.

Don't panic,

but the holiday period
is fraught with danger.

First, this horrific murder...

A ghastly tragedy in Marseilles...

The women
were savagely murdered...

For planning to kidnap, rape
and torture a young girl...

Missing? Kidnapped?
Alive or dead?

Casual crime is a key issue
five months before the elections.

Over the years, crime stories

have come lo hog the headlines
of newspapers, radio and TV.

This was confirmed by a report
published in June 2009

by the National Audiovisual Institute's
statistics office.

In the past ten years,
on the six terrestrial TV networks,

coverage of murders
and other forms of violence

has increased fourfold.

The sickening case
of pedophilia in Boulogne,

where several siblings
were rented out for sex...

They look like ordinary people.

Taxi driver, baker's wife, clergyman...

Seventeen adults have been charged

with raping
up to twenty children for years

and perhaps even prostituting them.

The Outreau pedophilia frial
was easily the most reported case

in the past ten years.

During the eight-week Irial,

the four main national dailies

- Le Monde, Le Figaro,
Libération and Le Parisien -

led with the crime slory 24 times

and devoted 343 arlicles o it.

Over the same period,

they printed just three arficles
on a report by the WHO

establishing that bad air and water

kill over three million
children under five each year.

Court hearing in camera

Dominique Weil was one of 13
defendants who were acquitted.

He's a worker priest who lived
for 15 years in the housing complex

that featured so largely in the news.

This was in Le Parisien:

"The Outreau drama is set against
a backdrop of social deprivation

"in an area where alcoholism,

"incestuous behavior and pedophilia

are almost part of the culture.”

In Le Monde:

“There are five or six
similar cases in Boulogne.

“It's like a gangrenous infection
in the housing complexes.

You toss back a kid
like you toss back a beer."

"ls Outreau's drab housing complex
under a curse?

“More probably,

"like many similar complexes
in northwest France and elsewhere,

"it's the victim of an explosive blend

"of unemployment, alcohol,
idleness and squalor.

Incest is never far away."

That was in Le Figaro.

No comment.

It reveals a general state of mind.

They distort the reality
of that housing complex

and the people living there

and portray it as a ghetto

full of the scum of the earth.

It's classic. A classic case.

When they write about La Courneuve
or Vaux-en-Velin,

that's the way

journalists describe
whole neighborhoods.

When they say "the suburbs”,

that's what people think.

The “criminal class...

I think we're seeing a revival

of this kind of language.

Even if it's never said, it's implied.

In speeches, articles,

conversations...

It's never said clearly
but it's implied.

The sensitive
Madeleine district

is still controlled by rioters...

Ariane, a sensitive district in Nice,
is deserted...

At 4pm yesterday,

in the sensitive district
of Orgemont...

The Police Intelligence Service

sets the number of sensitive districts
much higher.

DRAGNET

The areas where
the poorest classes live

have become a well of crime stories.

Day after day,

year after year,

the media have ignored
the social and economic facts

and focused entirely
on slories about drugs,

delinquency, immigration

and violence.

Soon this block will be torn down.

Meanwhile, it's the biggest
cannabis market in France.

This housing complex
in the south of Paris

has been the scene
of daily violence for months.

Burned cars, muggings,
supermarket robberies...

In a housing complex rife
with poverty, unemployment,

lawlessness,
and inward-looking communities,

the social and moral rules

are set by the majority religion
in this town, which is Islam.

Clichy-sous-Bois is ablaze again...

When revolts break out
in these poor areas,

as in October 2005 and November 2007,

the media send in a barrage
of cameras, mikes and reporters

lo film the burning cars
and flash-ball volleys.

The media have pondered
the causes of such violence.

Organized criminal gangs

or idle, uneducated youths
accustomed to poverty

and gratuitous violence.

The causes suggested
by the journalists

rarely contradict the image

that they carefully construct
of disoriented youth

and sectarian communities
breaking the law.

The call for law and order
is never far behind.

Samir Mihi,
can you say right now

to the young people of Clichy,
"Stop the burning"?

We say it every day.

Can we hear you say it?

Can you tell them, "Go home tonight

and we'll get things done later"?

The ones in the street
aren't watching TV, so what's the point?

Joking aside...

I'm not joking.

What you're asking me is...

People in Clichy will see cars burning

and have horrible experiences...

You're implying we didn't.

We already said it!

Are you afraid to call
for a state of calm?

I'm calm.

You are.

You know what I'm saying.

You seem unable to say clearly

to the kids who are probably
on the streets as we speak,

“Go home. Don't burn
the town down.”

You agree it makes sense,

when young people are on the streets
and it's dangerous,

to say "Go home!"

Editorial chieftains

think and behave like elites.

They think and behave
like elites who are above the people

and have the job of educating them.

Educating the people
means teaching them to keep quiet,

teaching the status quo,

ignoring the violence
of social injustice

but condemning
such "violent" acts of revolt

as breaking a shop window.

These editorial chieftains
are the more or less efficient,

more or less convincing,

but always visible
guardians of the existing social order.

Tonight, will you repeat

your call for calm

in all the troubled neighborhoods?

Can we allow

that the illegitimate exploitation

and scorn heaped on these people

may be matched
by a legitimate violence,

the necessary violence of revolt?

That's the crux of it.

The symbolic violence
is considered legal

and the physical group violence
is considered illegal.

The dividing line between them is drawn

by class interests,
to coin an old phrase.

Xavier Mathieu, you're a shop steward

at the Continental factory.

You're understandably upset
but aren't you going too far?

Do you regret this violence?

You must be joking!

Does the end justify the means?

The end is only 28 days away!

We hear your anger
but are you calling for calm tonight?

No way!

I'm not calling for calm.

The people are angry
and anger has to come out.

There's a marching slogan that says,

"Sow the seeds of misery
and reap the grapes of wrath."

On April 21st 2009,

the France 2 news anchor hit a snag.

The union rep
at the Continental plant in Clairoix

refused to echo his call for calm.

That year, the recession
forced hundreds of laid-off workers

to set aside
the usual means of protest.

The media quickly raised the alarm
of a workers' revolt

and decreed ifs limits.

It's an upward spiral.

Waving placards
in front of the National Assembly

will get you a minute of news.

Locking up the manager
gets you two minutes.

Threaten to blow up a building

and you'll be a media celebrity.

- We're fed up.
- You're angry?

Yes, and getting angrier.

What can be done
to prevent it?

Is it legitimate or is it outrageous

for workers about to be laid off

to lock their bosses or managers

in their offices,

even non-violently
and for only a short time?

It's obviously unacceptable.

"Bossnapping"”, as the English call it,

holding a manager hostage,
is intolerable.

Locking people into their offices
can't be allowed.

Think how scared they must feel,

and their families.
It's criminal!

Next time we'll have to hit hard.

Harder and harder!

To most, if not all journalists,

the working class
is like an Indian reservation.

They don't know them,
they're not from there,

they don't know
their customs and concerns,

their living conditions,
their culture, or their traditions.

As soon as the workers
step out of their role

as part of the scenery,

as picturesque folk

easily labeled
with ideological clichés,

as soon as they stop being
Indians on their reservation,

they become dangerous

because they break with
the soft consensus of soft democracy.

They break the rules.

They burn tires, occupy factories
and lock up their bosses.

They're beyond the pale.

Then the ideological apparatus
bares its fangs and bites viciously

and class mockery can escalate

to ostracism or class hatred.

Has legitimate protest given way

to "mob rule”, as you call it,

echoing Sartre?

Yes. Today it's the bosses,

tomorrow it will be a lawyer
who pleads an unpopular case,

and the day after that,
a teacher who's too fond

of La Princesse de Cléves
or Le Rouge et le Noir.

One day it will be you,
for airing an unpopular opinion.

I think that today,

some minority fringe groups

pose a real threat of violence

and mob rule. We can't allow it.

However poor and painful
a worker's life may be,

however bad it is to be unemployed,

there are so many ways to be heard,

so many ways to fight and protest

without resorting to mob rule
and attacking people,

even if they're bosses.

Bernard-Henri Levy, thank you!

"The bourgeois plays at treating
the people like his own children.

"He reproves, advises and assists them,

“for they are obviously incapable
of controlling their own fate.

"He punishes the people
as he would his own children,

“for their own good.

“He says,
'Spare the rod and spoil the child.

When they revolt,
he calls them ingrates.”

We believe it is right

for a democracy like ours

to lay down certain rules

and reaffirm certain principles

to which all democrats
should unhesitatingly adhere.

Reaffirm the need
for pluralism in the media...

Back in November 1983,

Pierre Mauroy
put before the National Assembly

a Freedom of the Press bill.

President Mitterrand had pledged

that a left-wing government would enact
the autonomy and pluralism of the media.

...transparently administered.

Restrict concentration

and secure the means

to enforce these provisions.

The stated enemies at the time

were concentration
and the power of money.

The power of the press
does not frighten us

but we will not tolerate
the power of money!

On May 13th 2009,

Jean-Pierre Elkabbach,
the Lagardére Group's key journalist,

was decorated
by ex-President Chirac.

The admiring guests included
the cream of the media,

financial leaders

and lop politicians from right

and left.

In the meantime,

the left in power
had spent thirly years giving up.

Thirly years of failing

lo legislale
for an independent press.

Thirly years
of increased concentration.

Thirly years of allowing
industrial and financial conglomerates

lo lake over the printed press, radio

and TV networks.

Thirly years of not frying

lo provide a good,
free public news service.

Thirly years of not frealing the media

as a crucial political issue.

So? Must we wail thirly more years

for the democratization of the media

that is a prerequisite
for economic and social change?

Must we let the watchdogs
think and act for us for 30 more years?

"The gap between their ideas
and the grim world

"widens each week, each day,

"yet nothing alerts them

"and they alert no one.

"The gap between their promises
and real life

"is more outrageous than ever.

"Yet they do not move.

"They stay behind the barricade.

“They hold the same meetings
and publish the same books.

"All those who foolishly
waited on their words

are starting to revolt, or laugh."

Paul Nizan, The Watchdogs, 1932

Subtitles by Nigel Palmer

Subfitling by IV 1. - Paris