Original subtitles

.

YOU KNOW YOU'RE WATCHING

TELEVISION THAT'S EDUCATIONAL

AND INFORMATIONAL

"THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC"

HI EVERYONE I'M DYLAN DREYER

GET READY FOR A HIGH CLIMBING

MOUNTAIN ADVENTURE

THIS IS EARTH ODYSSEY

COMING UP: IT'S A WHITEWATER

LEAP IN A SINGLE BOUND

AND BRACING FOR A

SKULL-SHAKING COMPETITION

PLUS WE MEET AN INCREDIBLE

TRANSFORMING TETRAPOD

BUT FIRST, LEARNING TO FLY

UNDERWATER; IT'S TIME TO “DIP”

INTO THE WILDS OF IBERIA

RIGHT NOW, ON EARTH ODYSSEY!

[MUSIC]

[HORSE NEIGHS]

[EAGLE SCREECHES]

[BEAR GROANS]

[ELEPHANT TRUMPETS]

LIKE HUMANS, BIRDS TEACH THEIR

OFFSPRING BY EXAMPLE

AND HOPE THE LESSON STICKS

BUT WHEN IT DOESN'T

BABY BIRDS SOMETIMES

TAKE TO BEGGING

AND THAT HIGH PITCHED

CHIRP CAN BE VERY PERSUASIVE.

IT'S SPRINGTIME IN PORTUGAL; AND

WATER IS CASCADING THROUGH THE

MOUNTAINS.

THIS RAVINE IS THE PERFECT

HABITAT FOR A SMALL AND HIGHLY

SPECIALIZED SONGBIRD

THE DIPPER.

A FAMILY OF THREE HAS SETTLED BY

THIS RUSHING RIVER.

THEY'LL STAY TOGETHER UNTIL THE

YOUNG CHICK IS CAPABLE OF LIVING

ON ITS OWN.

BUT TODAY THE MOTHER WANTS HER

CHICK TO GO OUT ON A LIMB

AND FOLLOW HER STRAIGHT INTO

THE CURRENT.

THE DIPPER SURVIVES BY HUNTING

UNDERWATER; A TURBULENT PLACE NO

OTHER SONGBIRD DARES TO GO.

THEY SWIM BY FLAPPING THEIR

WINGS, LIKE A SEAGOING PENGUIN

NOT BY PADDLING THEIR FEET.

DIPPERS FEED ON INSECT LARVAE

DEVELOPING ON THE

BOTTOM OF THE OXYGEN-RICH RIVER.

HIS MOM MODELED HOW TO DIVE IN.

BUT THE CHICK HESITATES.

THE RIVER IS RELENTLESS.

ONE MISTAKE AND HE COULD BE

SWEPT AWAY.

HE DOESN'T SEEM TO KNOW EXACTLY

WHAT TO LOOK FOR.

BUT IN A QUIET POOL AT THE EDGE

OF THE RIVERBED, HE STARTS TO

EXPLORE.

SOON, HE'S DOING WHAT HE WAS

BORN TO DO, DIP.

HIS BODY IS BUILT TO WITHSTAND

THE CURRENT.

HE HAS DENSE, WATERPROOF

FEATHERS, SEALED NOSTRILS, AND

STRONG LEGS TO GRIP THE

RIVERBED.

HE'S HUNTING FOR PREY HIDDEN

UNDER THE PEBBLES.

AFTER MUCH PERSISTENCE, THE

YOUNG ONE MAKES A TASTY CATCH.

BUT A FEW MINUTES LATER, HIS

LUCK HAS RUN OUT.

AND HE'S NOT READY TO TAKE THE

REAL PLUNGE.

LOOKING AROUND, HE SEES THAT HIS

MOTHER IS NEARBY

STILL HUNTING

MAYBE THERE'S AN EASIER

SOLUTION: JUST ASK MOM FOR FOOD!

HE LETS OUT A BEGGING CALL

BUT MOM IS UNMOVED.

SHE NEEDS THIS FULLY-GROWN

FLEDGLING TO LEARN TO FEND FOR

HIMSELF.

THE LITTLE DIPPER KEEPS

INSISTING.

THIS IS AN ARGUMENT THAT'S AS

OLD AS PARENTING.

AND BEFORE LONG, HIS MOTHER

GIVES IN.

MAYBE IT'S NOT QUITE TIME FOR

HIM TO LEAVE HOME.

BUT THIS KIND OF NURTURING WILL

END SOON.

MOM AND DAD WILL NUDGE THE

FLEDGING OUT OF THEIR TERRITORY.

HE'LL HAVE TO MAKE HIS HOME IN A

DIFFERENT BEND OF THE RIVER, AND

TAKE THE PLUNGE ON HIS OWN.

BUT FOR NOW, IT'S ALL

IN THE FAMILY.

COMING UP

THESE IBEX BATTLE FOR

DOMINANCE

AND, NEST-DIGGING IS STRENUOUS

WHEN YOUR ONLY TOOL IS YOUR

TAIL; PLUS: RUNNING WITH

WOLVES. WHEN EARTH ODYSSEY!

COMES RIGHT BACK!

WE'LL RIGHT BACK TO

"THE MORE YOU KNOW" ON NBC.

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

[MUSIC]

EVERY YEAR, THOUSANDS OF FISH

BEGIN A JOURNEY FROM THE SEA

BACK TO THEIR BIRTHPLACE

TO SPAWN.

THE SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES

DEPENDS ON THEIR FEROCIOUS FIGHT

UPRIVER.

THE ATLANTIC SALMON HERE ARE

WHITEWATER SPECIALISTS.

THEY'VE SPENT THEIR WHOLE LIVES

IN THE OCEAN.

NOW, THEY'RE MUSCLING

THEIR WAY HOME.

BUT THEY'RE RISKING THEIR LIVES

TO DO IT.

USING EXTRAORDINARY POWER, THEY

LEAP UP AND OVER THE TORRENTS OF

WATER.

ONLY THE STRONGEST CAN MAKE IT

FROM SEA LEVEL ALL THE WAY UP

THE TREACHEROUS MOUNTAIN RIVERS.

IT CAN SEEM LIKE AN

IMPOSSIBLE LEAP.

SUCCESS.

ONCE THEY FINALLY DO GET TO

CALMER WATERS, THE FEMALE SALMON

HAS TO DIG A NEST

IN THE RIVER ROCKS.

HER ONLY TOOL IS HER TAIL.

THEN, THE STRONGEST MALE SALMON

COMES COURTING.

THEY NEED TO BE RIGHT NEXT TO

HER WHEN SHE RELEASES HER EGGS.

AFTER THE EXHAUSTING WORK OF

SWIMMING UPRIVER, DIGGING A

NEST, AND SPAWNING, SOME

ATLANTIC SALMON ACTUALLY REGAIN

THEIR STRENGTH AND MANAGE TO

MAKE IT ALL THE WAY

BACK TO THE SEA.

THEN, A YEAR LATER, THE REAL

WARRIORS BATTLE THEIR WAY BACK

UP THE RIVER ONE MORE TIME, FOR

THE SAKE OF THE NEXT GENERATION.

IN SPAIN, THE FIRST SNOW

IS FALLING.

AND THE MOUNTAIN ANIMALS KNOW

WINTER IS COMING.

A GROUP OF IBEX, MOTHERS,

DAUGHTERS, AND SISTERS GRAZE AT

HIGH-ALTITUDE.

LAST YEAR'S MALE KIDS HAVE LEFT

THE HERD.

THIS TIME OF YEAR, A BIG BUCK IS

GUARDING THE DOES.

IT'S THE RUT — THE SEASON WHEN

EVERYTHING IS ABOUT WHO'S

STRONGER THAN WHOM.

TO THE MALE IBEX, THE AIR IS

FULL OF CLUES - INVISIBLE SCENTS

AND PHEROMONES.

YOUNG BUCKS ARE MOVING IN, READY

TO TEST THE OLDER MALE'S

DOMINANCE.

HE HAS TO DEFEND HIS POSITION AS

THE STRONGEST AGAINST EVERY

COMPETITOR.

ONE YOUNG IBEX REARS UP TO MEET

HIM.

CHALLENGE ACCEPTED!

THE WILD GOATS' THREE-FOOT HORNS

ARE ABOUT TO BECOME WEAPONS.

THE FIGHT CAN LAST UP TO AN

HOUR.

THE CURVE IN THEIR HORNS ISN'T

JUST FOR SHOW — IT'S BUILT TO

PROTECT THE SKULL.

FOR NOW, THE OLDER MALE HOLDS

THE HIGH GROUND, AND USES THE

ADVANTAGE OF GRAVITY TO HELP

PUSH OFF THE COMPETITION.

FINALLY, IT'S OVER.

BUT WHO'S THE WINNER?

IBEX SHOW SUBMISSION BY TURNING

AWAY FIRST, AND FLASHING THE

WHITE PATCH ON THEIR RUMP.

FOR NOW, THE OLD BUCK KEEPS HIS

BREEDING RIGHTS.

COMING UP, A SPECIES SO OLD IT

PREDATES THE DINOSAURS

AND WOLF

CUBS FIGURE OUT WHO'S "TOP DOG"

MORE WILDLIFE WONDERS, WHEN

EARTH ODYSSEY RETURNS!

WE'LL BE RIGHT BACK TO

"THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC."

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

SOMETIMES ANIMALS HIDE IN

PLAIN SIGHT

NEAR A CITY OF TWO MILLION

PEOPLE AN OLD TUNNEL

SITS IN THE HILLS OF NORTHERN

PORTUGAL

DUG TWO THOUSAND YEARS AGO

BY THE ROMANS.

THEIR LONG GONE

BUT ONE OF EUROPE"S

STRANGEST CREATURES IS NOT.

IN ONE OF THE MOST POPULATED

REGIONS OF PORTUGAL, A FOREST

HIDEAWAY PROTECTS A FASCINATING

AMPHIBIAN

THE MYSTERIOUS

“GOLD-STRIPED SALAMANDER

THIS ANCIENT SPECIES - FAMOUS

FOR BEING ABLE TO REGROW ITS

TAIL AFTER AN INJURY

IS ON ALERT

BECAUSE PREDATORS ARE LURKING.

HE NEEDS TO SLIP UNNOTICED

THROUGH THE UNDERGROWTH.

OTHER SALAMANDERS ARE COMING OUT

OF HIDING, TOO.

AND THEY ALL SEEM TO BE HEADING

IN THE SAME DIRECTION.

FOR A SALAMANDER, THIS PACE IS

BASICALLY A SPRINT.

MOST ARE TRUE SLOW-POKES.

THE FOREST FLOOR IS FULL OF

OBSTACLES.

BUT, IF IT NEEDS TO, A

SALAMANDER CAN GRASP A BRANCH

WITH ITS PREHENSILE TAIL TO HELP

OUT.

FINALLY, IT REACHES IT'S

DESTINATION.

A TUNNEL DUG

THROUGH THE ROCK.

THIS ABANDONED MINE IS A

STAND-IN FOR A COOL DARK STREAM

BED.

IT'S THE PERFECT PLACE FOR NEW

LARVAE TO UNDERGO METAMORPHOSIS.

INSIDE, OTHER SALAMANDERS HAVE

ALREADY ARRIVED.

AND THEY'RE READY TO ROCK.

THE MALE ADVANCES THROUGH THE

CAVE UNTIL HE FINDS A POTENTIAL

PARTNER.

A TWISTY DANCE HELPS DECIDE IF

THEY'RE RIGHT FOR EACH OTHER.

AFTER SPAWNING, THE FERTILIZED

EGGS ARE LEFT BEHIND.

THAT'S NEW LIFE, SPINNING INSIDE

A PROTECTIVE BUBBLE

SHIELDED BY THE ROCK WALLS, THE

NEXT GENERATION GETS THE ONE

THING THIS RARE SPECIES NEEDS

MOST — TO BE LEFT ALONE TO GROW

UP.

COMING UP: MEET THE NEXT LEADERS

OF THE PACK!

WHEN EARTH ODYSSEY RETURNS!

WE'LL BE RIGHT BACK TO "THE

MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC."

.

NARRATOR: WE NOW RETURN TO THE MORE YOU KNOW ON NBC.

IN A SECLUDED PART OF THE

IBERIAN FOREST, A WOLF PACK IS

WELCOMING THREE NEW MEMBERS AND

THEIR HOME LIFE JUST GOT A LOT

LOUDER.

THE PUPS WERE BORN FOUR MONTHS

AGO.

AND AS JUVENILES, THEY'RE RARELY

ALONE.

A TANGLE OF LEGS AND TAILS MAY

LOOK LIKE CHAOS.

BUT THESE PUPS ARE DOING MORE

THAN PLAYING.

TESTING WHICH OF YOUR PACK

BROTHERS AND SISTERS IS BIGGER,

STRONGER, FASTER, OR SMARTER IS

CRUCIAL INFORMATION.

IN THESE SCUFFLES, THE SAME PUP

USUALLY WINS, AND THE SAME PUP

USUALLY LOSES

THAT HELPS THE PUPS ACCEPT THEIR

PLACE IN THE PACK AS ADULTS.

WOLVES ARE FAMOUS FOR HOWLING

BUT THESE SMALLER YIPS, WHINES,

AND WHIMPERS ARE THE NORMAL

SOUNDS OF A WOLF FAMILY TALKING.

WRESTLING MIGHT BRING ON YELPS

AND PLAY-GROWLS.

A LOW WHINE IS AN EXCELLENT WAY

TO ASK FOR FOOD OR A PLACE NEAR

MOM.

FROM A DISTANCE, THIS MAJESTIC

IBERIAN GRAY WOLF LOOKS A LOT

LIKE A GERMAN SHEPHERD.

THAT'S BECAUSE BOTH DOGS AND

WOLVES ARE DESCENDED FROM AN

ANCIENT WOLF ANCESTOR, NO LONGER

ALIVE TODAY.

BUT THE TWO SPECIES AREN'T JUST

COUSINS.

BIOLOGISTS NOW KNOW MANY IBERIAN

GRAY WOLVES ALIVE TODAY CARRY A

SMALL PIECE OF DOG D.N.A.

NOT FROM RECENT INTERBREEDING,

BUT FROM A SINGLE EVENT,

THREE-TO-SIX- THOUSAND YEARS

AGO.

SCIENTISTS WONDER IF THAT

GENETIC MARKER MAY HAVE HELPED

WOLVES ADAPT TO A MODERN

LANDSCAPE FULL OF PEOPLE.

IN ANY CASE, WOLVES HAVE

MASTERED TEAMWORK - BOTH AS

HUNTERS, AND AS PARENTS.

ALL THE PUPS IN THE PACK ARE THE

OFFSPRING OF ONE DOMINANT

COUPLE.

THEY'RE THE ONLY TWO WHO BREED.

BUT ALL THE WOLVES IN THIS

EXTENDED FAMILY HELP GUIDE THE

PUPS TO ADULTHOOD.

IT'S TRULY “ALL FOR ONE, AND ONE

FOR ALL!”

WE CAN LEARN ALOT

FROM HOW ANIMALS COOPERATE

AND COMPETE

FROM A WOLFPACK

PITCHING IN TO RAISE PUPS

TO IBEX DECIDING WHO'S BOSS

THESE WILD SPECIES REMIND US

THAT COMMUNICATION COMES

IN MANY FORMS.

I'M DYLAN DREYER

THANKS FOR WATCHING

WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME

ON EARTH ODYSSEY.

[MUSIC]