Original subtitles

By the summer of 1944, the terror and tyranny

of the Nazi Third Reich shrouds most of Europe.

Occupied countries resist as they can.

But with the advance of Soviet forces in the east,

and the success of the Normandy invasion in the west,

two of the world's great cities

organize in force and fight back.

Even in the place of greatest horror,

there is resistance.

All wars change the world,

but none of them changed the world

like the Second World War did.

Japan's on the march, Germany's on the march.

No one can imagine the nightmare they're about to unleash.

The most destructive war in human history.

Suddenly, the world is turned upside down

and all hell is let loose.

The West is stunned by the speed of the advance.

You get the Allies led by the big three:

Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin.

Men who are dealing with

immensely complicated questions.

It's the biggest military operation of human history.

The Allies have to come together,

not just militarily, but industrial scale.

It's a global perspective.

They have to fight in every climate

from the Arctic to the jungles of the Pacific,

to the deserts of Africa

and the depths of the ocean.

But there was no certainty of victory.

It was going to be a horrific bloodbath.

We see humans at their absolute worst,

how they treat other human beings,

and we see them at their absolute best,

willing to give their lives that others might live.

World War II was a struggle

in which there could be one victor...

...and one vanquished.

Since the fall of France, the BBC has broadcast

daily radio programming to occupied Europe.

Embedded within the broadcasts are coded messages.

The night before D-Day, the Allied invasion

of Western Europe,

the broadcast to occupied France

includes a line from a poem by Paul Verlaine.

The French resistance is waiting,

and when the BBC announces:

"Wound my heart with a monotonous languor,"

this is the word that they have been waiting to hear:

the invasion is on.

The Allies want that resistance movement to rise up,

to blow up German railroads, to

ambush German patrols, and to disrupt the Germans

in any way they can.

All of their planning,

all of their networking now goes into action

to slow the German response

so that the Allies can win the race

to build up and break out.

So many men and women throughout France

have risked so much to get to this night

and the beginning of their country's liberation.

After the fall of France in 1940,

there are two Frances.

There's the France that is directly occupied by

the Germans, including Paris,

and there is a puppet regime with its capital at Vichy.

So resistance groups form in each one.

From the start, the inspiration for French resistance

to Germany was embodied by one man.

A veteran of the Great War,

General Charles De Gaulle.

Charles De Gaulle

fought all the way through the German invasion

of France in 1940.

Rather than surrender to the Germans,

rather than go along with the French government,

he arrives in Britain by himself

and just says, "By the way,

I'm now the leader of the Free French."

He's self-appointed.

Churchill goes, "Eh, he might be useful."

He gives him an office, gives him a radio,

lets him do some broadcasts.

He's gonna announce:

"The Vichy government is illegitimate."

Anybody who's in France should come over to England,

and we're gonna start to put together an army

that's gonna liberate ourselves.

If you can't get here, you should start

resisting while you're there."

This is an extremely important event

in galvanizing the French people.

Up to that point, they'd been in a state of despondency

at the rapid defeat at the hands of the Germans.

Now, here was a voice,

one of their own, offering them hope.

He says, "The flame of French resistance

Must not be extinguished, and will not be extinguished."

These are words that French men and women

were longing to hear.

It's not only the beginning of the resistance,

it's the beginning of the rise of Charles De Gaulle

to political power in France.

Resistance pops up all over the country.

But these groups aren't connected,

and they all stand for different things.

There are aristocratic Catholics,

Communists, Republicans.

There are all different groups jockeying for position

between themselves and fighting against

the Germans as well.

A cross-section of French citizens,

teachers, lawyers, farmers, factory workers,

take part in the resistance.

Women play a substantial role.

One of the most important activities

of the resistance was a network of agents

and secret codes and safe houses

that helped smuggle downed Allied flyers out of France

and back to safety in Britain.

This underground railroad helped about 5,000 Allied flyers

make it to freedom in the course of the war.

It's the potential of the Allied invasion

eventually reaching France that cause volunteers

to flock to the resistance.

They're gathering equipment, supplies, weapons

because they think: "Eventually, we will be freed.

How do we help accelerate that?"

The night before D-Day,

dozens of Allied agents are dropped behind German lines

to coordinate with groups of the French resistance,

so-called "Jedburgh teams."

Three-man teams

who parachute into occupied

an American, a British, and a French agent.

They bring weapons with them.

They'd bring a radio set so they could communicate.

They coordinate activities,

and they inform the groups what the Allies are up to.

The Jedburghs have an ultimate goal, and that is to

ease the invasion plan for June, 1944.

Once the Allies land in June 6th,

the resistance becomes emboldened.

But many pay a grievous price for their courage.

Germans, with the help of French collaborators,

hunt down anyone assisting the Allies.

The costs of being in the resistance

or around the resistance are incredibly high.

They could be arrested and put in jail,

they could be sent to a labor camp, hung,

oftentimes without trial and in public

as a deterrence to everyone else.

The Gestapo carryout reprisals.

"For every one of our soldiers killed,

we will kill 50 resistance fighters."

Four days after the invasion,

near the village of Oradour-sur-Glane,

the local resistance kills an SS battalion commander.

Nazi retribution is swift and merciless.

They take all the men and they

shove them into a bunch of barns,

shoot them, and set the barns on fire.

They take all the women and children

and put them in a church

and then burn the church to the ground,

shooting anyone who tries to climb out.

Collective vengeance for the act of resistance.

On July 25th, the Americans launch

a massive air and ground attack:

Operation Cobra.

After a month and a half of combat

among the hedgerows of Normandy,

the Allies now break through

the German defensive perimeter.

Paris is the center of the German occupying force.

But the Allies were not super interested in Paris.

Cities are an enormous military problem.

Do you go into Paris knowing that you could

end up fighting an urban battle that you don't want to fight?

The streets narrow your ability to maneuver.

So fighting inside a city is nobody's idea

of what you want to do.

Of course, if you're French, the situation is completely different.

The French people are thinking that the Allies are

just a few hundred kilometers from the city of Paris,

and they believe that Paris will be next

in the great capitals of Europe to be liberated

from Nazi fascism.

To the French, Paris is not just the capital of France.

It is the most important, most symbolic city

that you're going to liberate.

And the man who thinks he's going to take control

of all of this is Charles De Gaulle.

Throughout the war,

he builds up Free French forces in London and in Africa.

French soldiers flock to his colors.

And, by D-Day, he has something of

a Free French armed force.

And De Gaulle is astonished and appalled

to hear that the Allies are not

focusing on Paris as a key objective.

Paris is like the beating heart of the French republic.

There is no France without Paris.

And De Gaulle said, "If you're not going, I'm going."

Allied forces advance across France

to force the Wehrmacht's retreat to the Rhine and beyond.

Liberating Paris from German occupation

is not their main strategic concern.

But Parisians have other ideas.

The problem for Paris is that,

when the Normandy invasion happens,

it cuts the city off from its principal food supply.

And the Germans are trying to take everything

that they can out of the city.

So it's a very, very unstable, very insecure place.

And so there is the beginnings

of popular uprising in Paris.

A lot of that is being driven by the communist resistance.

De Gaulle is quite keen to get to Paris,

because what he doesn't is Paris to

become liberated by the communist resistance.

He does not want to liberate France

only for it to fall into the hands of communism.

To ensure that French troops liberate Paris,

General De Gaulle requires the support

of the Supreme Allied Commander:

General Dwight Eisenhower.

De Gaulle didn't have that many cards

to play in 1944,

but he played them as skillfully as anybody.

There is a French unit, the Second Armored Division,

controlled by General Philippe Leclerc, that

has been disobeying American orders to get closer

and closer and closer to the city so that it could

go into Paris if it had to.

And so De Gaulle became very aggressive about

steering the Second Armored Division toward the city.

He gave General Leclerc specific

instructions to, "No matter what these Americans tell you,

I need you to get to Paris."

As Winston Churchill would say,

he tends to love to bite the hand that feeds him.

You have to give him credit, though,

for he has his eye on one thing,

and that's a free France.

Shortly after D-Day, in coordination with

their Western allies, the Soviets throw

the massed might of the Red Army against the Germans.

Operation Bagration is

the gigantic Soviet offensive

in summer of 1944.

Roughly timed to coincide

with the Allies landing in Normandy.

It is just a monstrous offensive.

About two and a half million

Soviets are thrown into battle.

Half a million Germans are killed, wounded, or captured.

It erased an entire German army group from the map,

the entire central portion of the German front in the east.

Now the Soviet army is moving in to Poland,

and you've gotta remember that, of course,

Poland was the reason the war started.

In the fall of 1939, Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin

agreed to divide Poland.

When Hitler took Poland,

he treated it like the laboratory for his racial ideas,

his plans to annihilate the Jewish people

and to treat the Eastern Slavic people

as essentially a slave race to work to death.

Poland has been stained in blood and killing,

crushed beneath the German jackboot,

its soil watered with the blood of

vast numbers of its Jewish community.

The Poles have been living through hell for five years.

If you're a resident of Warsaw, you are one of the most

unlucky people ever to have lived.

Throughout this horror show that has been

inflicted upon the Poles, they have maintained

a shadow government, a kind of national cohesion.

They have a government-in-exile in London,

and it is sending orders to a home army,

a sort of secret army of underground

resistance fighters in Poland.

The Polish Home Army was formed really

immediately after the Germans invaded.

There was a real sense,

in amongst the Polish community,

and especially the young people: "We're gonna fight."

It was always set up as a formal military organization.

It wasn't just an ad hoc bunch of partisans.

They undertook intelligence gatherings of troop movements.

They gathered information about the camps,

about Auschwitz, and others.

The Home Army is led by a former cavalry officer

who has been fighting the Germans since 1939...

General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski.

On July 29th, 1944,

as the Allies are slicing through France,

the Soviets reach the outskirts of Warsaw.

The Polish Home Army is waiting for the moment

when the Germans are about to retreat

and just before the Soviets arrive.

Because that is the opportunity

to reassert Polish independence, the Polish state.

They wanted to prove to the world

that they stood on their own feet

and that they fought to liberate their own country.

They don't want to give up the Nazi dictatorship

and just have it replaced with a Soviet dictatorship.

The Polish Home Army and General Bór-Komorowski

have long planned for this moment.

There are weapons caches, command structures.

There are instructions coming from senior officers

based in London. There is a plan.

Tens of thousands of Home Army troops

will go all over the city

and go for the most important things:

the airports, the bridges,

the main focal points of Nazi power.

It was a moment where timing was everything.

If they did it too soon, the Germans would crush them.

If they did it too late, the Soviets would conquer them.

The Red Army was coming.

It looked as if there was just this juggernaut

that was gonna force the Germans out of the city.

Outside Warsaw, the Germans regroup

on the banks of the Vistula River.

The Poles hear the sounds of fighting,

think the Red Army's gonna win,

and they're about to come into Warsaw.

General Bór-Komorowski gives the order

to begin the uprising.

The Poles have been resisting the Germans

for almost five years.

Now, with the Soviets on the other side of the Vistula,

the Polish Home Army seizes its opportunity.

Because of the Red Army coming so quickly

up to the gates of Warsaw,

General Bór-Komorowski gives the order to start the uprising.

The Polish Home Army think this is the right moment.

The Russians are approaching, the Germans are clearly

preparing to evacuate, and the Poles

appear out of the sewers, out of the backstreets,

out of the cellars, and they raise the flag of rebellion.

Civilians are thrilled, they're jubilant.

For the first time since 1939,

they can sing the national anthem.

They push trams over, they build barricades,

and they make it very, very difficult

for the Germans to fight there.

It's a heroic moment, an exciting moment.

Poland is rising like a phoenix out of the ashes.

But the attack does not go as well as it was hoped.

They do manage to seize the Post Office,

they manage to seize an important German arsenal,

but they don't manage to secure the airportS.

So it's up for grabs by the end of that day.

You get this sort of twisted patchwork

of Polish and German control,

which ensures that there is gonna be

the mother of all street fights.

The Polish Home Army expected the Germans

controlling Warsaw to be in retreat.

Instead, the Wehrmacht attacks the Red Army at the Vistula...

...and retains their grip on Warsaw.

Adolf Hitler meets with Heinrich Himmler,

head of the Nazi SS.

On the night of the 1st of August, 1944,

Himmler goes up to the Wolfsschanze,

he sees Hitler, and Hitler's raging around.

And Himmler goes, "You know, Mein Fuhrer,

let's use this as a moment to erase Warsaw from the map.

Because this wretched city has stood in our way

of German expansion to the East for hundreds of years.

So let's just do it."

So that evening, they give what's called "the Order for Warsaw."

The Germans have a plan to

wipe Poland literally

from the face of the Earth.

One, you wanna send a message to everybody else

that this is the cost of defying me.

But the other reason is you want to destroy Poland

as a national identity.

Every combatant is to be killed.

All men and women and children,

civilians are to be killed.

And then the city is to be looted,

and then "glattrasiert," that means razed to the ground.

The Germans poured in ruthless shock troops

with the express purpose of destroying them.

The Home Army used up their caches of weapons very fast.

The Poles think the Red Army is coming.

The whole thing depended upon the idea

that Germans were either leaving

or could not reinforce

their existing troops within Warsaw.

Neither of those two things turned out to be true.

The Germans weren't leaving

and the Soviets weren't coming.

Stalin says, to everyone's surprise:

"Halt the army."

They can see across the river: Warsaw is burning.

Although the Soviets are right across the river,

they make no effort to support

the resistance in its uprising against the Germans.

Rather, they sit across the river

and watch the Germans crush the uprising.

Stalin doesn't just do nothing;

he actively interferes with the Allies' attempt

to help the Home Army, the Polish uprising.

From their air bases in Italy,

the British and Americans try to drop supplies to the Poles.

Churchill asks permission:

"Can Allied planes carrying supplies use Soviet bases

to refuel and carry out repairs?"

Stalin says no.

Stalin has always hated

the Polish government in London,

which he regards as bourgeois, imperialist, capitalist.

He has a small Polish communist group.

He is always planning to parachute them

in to Poland as his government.

And so Stalin is content to watch the Germans

utterly destroy the Polish Home Army,

destroy the population of Warsaw,

and destroy the city itself.

Stalin wants to conquer Poland,

but he wants to make sure

that it's then turned into a communist vassal client state.

He wants to wait until the Nazis have

destroyed the Polish underground

before he enters Warsaw.

Let them do his work for him.

Hitler sends in his most psychopathic crews

of murderous, grotesque sadists.

Some of them are the most brutal murderers

of the entire Nazi regime.

Like Oskar Dirlewanger.

Even the SS doesn't wanna work with him.

They go through building after building,

and they round these people up by the thousands

and then mow those people down.

When 5,000, 6,000 bodies are lying there,

then they bring in the Verbrennungskommando,

these burning commandos, to burn the bodies,

specialists from places like Treblinka

who've now become specialists at burning human flesh.

They loot the entire city and then they destroy it.

Building by building, libraries,

museums, everything is destroyed.

The Polish Home Army surrenders.

General Bór-Komorowski is imprisoned by the Nazis.

By the end of the Warsaw Uprising,

about 200,000 civilians have been killed.

Then the remaining population

are sent to camps like Auschwitz.

Some are sent as slave laborers into the Reich.

So the destruction of Warsaw is

unique in the destruction of cities

in the Second World War in Europe.

In Warsaw, tragically,

the Germans chose to meet that desire

for Polish independence with overwhelming force...

...To kill and smash and eradicate Polish culture.

To say, "No, you will not liberate yourselves.

In fact, you have condemned yourselves."

August, 1944.

The Germans are in full retreat across France.

They begin to evacuate Paris.

Parisians sense a chance to recapture their city.

But they need a spark.

On the 15th of August, the Parisian police,

which was 20,000 strong and had been

collaborating with the Germans up to that moment,

actually switches sides

and raises the flag on their building,

giving the sign to the rest of the city

and, of course, to the partisans,

that this was the moment the uprising needed to start.

And so the streets of Paris become a battlefield.

The French resistance has been preparing for this moment

for a very long time.

And they act against the Germans quite rapidly

and quite successfully.

As this happened,

Charles De Gaulle shows up to Supreme Allied Commander

Eisenhower's headquarters

and go, "We have to march on Paris."

The Allies don't particularly like De Gaulle,

but see De Gaulle as a bulwark against communism.

Eisenhower is smart enough to know

that it would look really, really good

if the first troops to enter Paris were the Free French.

Eisenhower decides to allow the Free French forces

to send one division into the city

and to help the insurgents to free the city.

Supported by the American Fourth Division,

General De Gaulle orders the French

Second Armored Division into Paris.

Toward the bitter end,

Adolf Hitler issues instructions

to General von Choltitz, who was in control of Paris,

to destroy the city.

Hitler, during a phone call with von Choltitz,

asks: "Is Paris burning?"

And von Choltitz tells him:

"Yes, my Fuhrer, we burned the city."

Instead, he negotiates a surrender.

It is the officers and men of that

Second French Armored Division who first enter Paris.

So De Gaulle can claim that the French have

liberated their own capital.

And not just any old French, not the communist French,

not the resis... HIS French army.

He is the one leading the parade

through the streets of Paris,

presenting himself as the legitimate leader of the French government.

Everyone in the city has come out now

because they feel that their moment of liberation is on them.

But there are still German soldiers in Paris.

General De Gaulle walked straight ahead

into what appeared to me to be a hail of fire.

But he went straight ahead without hesitation,

his shoulders flung back.

Most Germans have surrendered or fled.

The last are tracked down,

along with French collaborators.

He presents the liberation of Paris

as a story of self-liberation,

a Paris that was able to free itself

from the yoke of the German occupation

without the help of the Allies.

However, let's say,

the Allied presence in the region

also played a major role in

convincing the Germans that it was time to go.

France will enter this post-war period

with pride and with confidence.

It's difficult to imagine how that would've happened

if not for the efforts of all of the resistance groups

that fought against Nazi aggression.

But, in Warsaw, the outcome is different.

The city is razed by the Nazis.

And what remains is captured

and controlled by the Soviets.

Paris, the city of light, is saved.

Warsaw, and the hope of the Polish people,

is destroyed.

Resistance is important

for the people of a nation

who do not want to be subjugated.

While the French and the Poles

rise up against the Germans

within the extermination camps at Auschwitz and others,

there is also this spirit of resistance.

The deliberate killing of Jews by the Nazis

began with bullets.

Shortly after the Germans

invaded the Soviet Union in June, 1941...

...they started to shoot Jewish children, women, and men...

...and bury them in ravines and forests.

But eventually the Nazis required

a more systematic method of murder.

There were tens of thousands of the camps

by the end of the war. It's a huge infrastructure.

But there were a very small number of death camps

within this enormous system.

Six death camps.

Chelmno, which is the original death camp,

Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka,

and then Auschwitz-Birkenau

and Majdanek.

As the Red Army pushes into Poland,

the Nazis attempt to hide their great crime

by dismantling the killing centers.

They destroyed documents.

They destroyed the major death camps

at Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka.

They get rid of the vast majority of the buildings.

They cover them over.

They create farmhouses on the site

to conceal everything that they've done.

And then as the camps come into the path

of invading Allied armies, they evacuate them.

At Auschwitz-Birkenau, there are prisoners

determined to document the Nazi murders.

The extermination camp system

includes the sorting of people.

Some of them are left alive

because they looked as if they were young or fit or healthy enough.

Those people work in something called a Sonderkommando.

They are supposed to sort the clothing,

sort the hair that's been cut off people,

to move the corpses, all these terrible,

terrible jobs that they're given.

In 1944 in Auschwitz-Birkenau,

members of the resistance movement

manage to smuggle a camera into the camp.

The Sonderkommando, who were witnessing

all of these things on a day-to-day basis,

secure this camera, and their ambition is to

use this camera to record images of

what's happening within the camp

in order for those pictures to stir the world to respond.

One prisoner manages to photograph the horror.

Four images of hell.

The really extraordinary thing about them

is that the images themselves are framed

from within the doorway

of the gas chamber building itself.

So the images testify to the bravery

of what this man was doing

and the appalling depravity

of the process at that stage.

And what we see within these images

are the burning of bodies outside the crematoria.

And we see people being undressed,

waiting to be brought into the gas chamber.

The film is put into a tube of toothpaste

and then smuggled out to the Polish Home Army.

This is perhaps the single most valuable

photographic evidence to emerge from Auschwitz.

The Jews fought back from 1933

to the end of the war.

There are escapes.

There are individual killings of guards by prisoners.

The Jews are fighting back this entire time.

Resistance is what gives us testimony

of what happened in those places.

In the fall of 1944,

Nazi Germany is retreating on all fronts...

except one:

their war against the Jews.

Auschwitz-Birkenau is now the front line.

Killing Jews is not a secondary by-product

of their military goals: It is their military goal.

From Hitler's perspective, it's worth

apportioning resources to it

despite what's happening elsewhere.

In fact, they accelerate the process of mass murder.

In 1944, the Nazis decide to

exterminate the Hungarian Jewish population.

So a special train line is built into Auschwitz-Birkenau,

and hundreds of thousands of

Hungarian Jews are rounded up,

and many of them are murdered

within a few hours of their arriving at the camp.

1944 is when Auschwitz hits

its terrible, appalling peak

in terms of the number of people killed.

Requests start to come to the U.S. government

to bomb either the rail lines,

the gas chambers at Auschwitz, the crematoria,

the bridges leading to these camps.

The idea of bombing death camps

is difficult operationally and it's difficult morally.

You're going to kill the very people

that you're trying to rescue.

Churchill and Roosevelt's perspective:

humanitarian concerns were always secondary

to winning the war. They would say:

"The best thing that we can do to help these people

is to bring the war to an end as quickly as possible."

Prisoners at Auschwitz-Birkenau cannot

afford to wait for the war to end.

They want to survive, they want to escape,

and they want to stop the killing.

From the beginning, there has been

an underground of resistance at Auschwitz-Birkenau

made up of various groups of prisoners,

including the Sonderkommando.

The Sonderkommando starts to realize that

there are fewer and fewer of these transports

coming from Hungary.

"The extermination process is finishing; our time is coming,

and if we don't act quickly, we're going to be killed."

So they started to look at ways they could resist.

They might die trying,

there's a very good chance

that they'll die trying, but

at least they can give themselves a chance.

Because they're determined to do whatever they can

to meet the moment on their own terms.

Auschwitz is a death camp,

and it's also a forced labor facility.

And so there were women

who were working in the armaments

factories nearby Auschwitz

who had access to gunpowder.

One member of the underground

is part of a slave labor unit that sorts the clothing

of the dead: Roza Robota.

She makes contact with the Sonderkommando.

They form a plan to destroy the crematoria,

provoke a wider uprising,

and attempt to escape.

Robota enlists Jewish women

working in the munitions factory to smuggle gunpowder:

Ala Gertner,

Regina Safirsztajn,

and Esther Wajcblum.

So they secured these explosives at enormous risk,

and they're smuggling them through

various kind of ingenious means. They create little packets of

fabric that they hide them in, and they get them through.

The women are collecting the gunpowder

to hand them off to their friend Roza.

She is going to get the gunpowder

into the hands of the Sonderkommando,

who are going to use it to try to blow up

the crematoria where they're working.

At a certain moment, an individual takes

an improvised weapon and launches at a member of the SS,

and that kick-starts the whole thing.

There's smoke, there's noise, there's shouting,

and there's gunfire.

The resistors end up blowing up, in part,

one of the crematoria, Crematoria IV.

It's put permanently out of commission.

So the Sonderkommando would've considered

that to be a success.

And in another crematory building, the Sonderkommando

force some the guards into one of the ovens alive.

Some prisoners escape,

but are quickly caught and executed.

The three women who have been

stealing the gunpowder,

plus Roza Robota are to be hanged.,

And just as the noose is put around her neck,

she yells out to the group of prisoners assembled:

"Vengeance," or, "Sisters, avenge."

It is a passionate message of resilience, resistance,

and continue the fight.

In December, the Red Army advances

on Auschwitz-Birkenau.

The SS forced prisoners on marches into Germany.

Thousands die.

On January 27th, 1945,

Soviet soldiers arrive at the gates of Auschwitz-Birkenau.

Auschwitz really became the center

of the mass murder of Europe's Jews quite late in the war.

The important thing to know is that 80%

of the Jews murdered in the Holocaust

were not murdered at Auschwitz,

but elsewhere in places that are either

forgotten or largely overlooked.

The Nazis and their collaborators

murder six million Jews during the war.

Millions of others die at their hands.

But in the face of unimaginable conditions

and inconceivable cruelty...

...some find a way to resist.

Resistance takes so many forms.

There's armed resistance and uprising,

and that happens throughout Europe.

There is spiritual resistance.

Just the idea that you are not going to die

just because the Nazis want you to,

you are going to try to survive.

You are going to document

what is happening, write letters, write diaries,

bury them in the ground

so that someday we will be able to

talk about what you went through.

The nature of tyranny becomes evident in World War II.

The Nazis and the Japanese

imperialists are invading their neighbors,

kidnapping, slave laborers,

murdering those who disagree with them.

It was a natural reaction

on the part of the occupied peoples

to organize some form of resistance.

And it happens all over the world in World War II.

After surviving Auschwitz and Buchenwald,

Nobel Laureate Elie Wiesel said:

"We must always take sides.

Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim.

Silence encourages the tormentor,

never the tormented.

Sometimes we must interfere."

In the Pacific, President Franklin Roosevelt,

General Douglas MacArthur, and Admiral Chester Nimitz

meet in Pearl Harbor to draw a plan for the final defeat

- of Imperial Japan. - Subtitles by Sky Access Services