Original subtitles

Welcome to the world's greatest how-to

video.

This is a how-to video with a

difference. It's full of incredible

stories, ambition, and hope. [laughter]

It reveals how humankind can become a

very positive [music] force if we learn

to work with nature rather than against

Good news is we know what [music] to do.

All right, we good.

>> I really hope you [music] enjoy the

film. I hope it inspires you to spread

its message and I look forward to

joining you in the next chapter where we

can make [music] a more positive

difference to our planet.

>> [music]

[music]

[music]

>> Some have said if it doesn't work out on

planet Earth, we can live on Mars.

That'll be fun.

Mars is horrible.

Why would anyone want to live on Mars?

[music] Here's an idea.

How about first we try to figure out how

to live on Earth.

[music]

[music]

So, welcome [music] to the world's

greatest how-to video.

It's going to be quite [music]

and surprising

[music]

and daring.

It involves our planet's great secret,

[music] something we've only just

discovered

that will mean no one has to move to

Mars.

and a big idea about us homo sapiens and

what happens next. But first, what's

happening now? [music]

This is the biggest pear growing area in

the world.

[music]

It's the beginning of spring.

>> Normally a quiet time for fruit [music]

but here it's a hive of activity.

But why the feather dusters?

[music]

For weeks, [music]

people across the region have been

collecting blossom on an industrial

The stammans of the flowers have been

[music] separated by machines

and dried

all to extract [music] one key

The pollen

to pollinate

the remaining flowers.

>> [music]

>> It's an immense and costly human effort,

but it's now needed if the trees had to

bear fruit

because something [music]

is missing.

Since the 1980s, pesticides have been

used to try to increase harvest. [music]

Inadvertently,

they've silenced [music] nature's most

effective pollinators.

Now [music] it's the farmers that have

to be as busy as the bees.

To try to save costs,

farmers are experimenting [music]

with drones

to replace the humans [music]

that replaced the bees.

>> [music]

>> The drone spray can't match the

precision of a [music] human hand.

But let's face [music] it, nothing can

match the bees and other pollinators

that are needed for 75% [music]

of the cultivated crops we grow.

>> [music]

>> Is this really a vision of all our

Is this how we want to live on Earth? We

call ourselves homo [music] sapiens,

meaning wise human. Bit presumptuous.

We're smart, but it doesn't feel that

we're wise yet.

When do we become wise?

When we solve [music] three big puzzles,

how to value nature,

[music] how to feed the future,

how to feel human.

[music] Our story is going to reveal

that in order to do this, we're going to

have to combine all the smart things we

do today with a good portion of the

wisdom [music] that we do have,

ancestral wisdom.

>> [music]

[music]

I am yours.

I [music] am yours. Louis.

In Mexico, celebrating the wisdom of the

ancestors [music]

is at the core of the culture.

>> The Day of the Dead is [clears throat]

more than just a great party.

It's a time to honor those who have

looked after this land over the

centuries. [music]

And the heart of the festival is an all

night vigil in the [music] place the

ancestors were laid to rest.

[music]

>> Shia Bastida is from the Ottomy people,

a group that have [music] lived in

central Mexico for over 4,000 years.

[music]

ancestors taught us that we will only

thrive when the world around us thrives.

[music]

>> It's a thread of wisdom that has carried

through generations.

>> What I remember from my grandma,

she would fill the room with laughter.

She would fill all of our hearts and all

of our bellies with happiness.

She knew, as all my ancestors knew,

everything [music] is connected.

We must view the world as a whole,

otherwise we will make decisions that

have unintended consequences.

In my home country, Mexico, there is an

increase in intensity of droughts and

tropical storms.

By 2050, I will be 48 years old. And

when I look out of the window, I will

see the world you are negotiating right

now.

What will that earth look like? When I

was young, I thought I want to change

the world. And I thought that because I

saw the way that my own land was being

treated. [music]

For millennia, my people lived on this

wetland.

And then in the 1960s,

Mexico City took all the water and the

lake completely dried up.

The elders [music] tell this story

crying, recounting the morning when they

woke up and the fish were dead.

Now it's [music] returning to health.

But there's a new threat.

[music] and factories who want to drain

its water and build on the land.

In the past, my [music] people

understood it was nature that made this

land valuable.

Why is it that we have forgotten this

How to value nature?

It's the first of [music] the big

puzzles to solve.

The modern world values nature not as a

whole but for its [music] parts.

[music]

>> [music]

[music]

[music]

[music]

[music]

In just 5 years, 4,000 [music] elephants

were poached here, 90% of their

The survivors bear scars from the

poachers,

bullet hole wounds in their ears.

[music]

And when poaching was high, the

elephants stopped breeding.

Now [music] under the protection of the

guards,

things are changing.

The elephant population here has doubled

in the last two decades.

And as they return, they weave their

[music] magic.

Elephants are landscape engineers,

clearing the bush,

allowing the grassland to regrow.

keeping water holes open.

The African savannah here can't work

properly without them, but with them,

nature flourishes.

We're now discovering that as the

savannah rebuilds, it benefits us all

because it locks away carbon into the

soil, helping to steady [music] the

The most valuable thing about an

elephant [music]

is not its ivory.

It's the role [music] it plays in

nature.

[music]

[music]

Elephants

are our partners.

No, don't.

[music]

[music]

We haven't treated [music] the world

but we can turn things [music] around.

And the key to doing so is understanding

how it all works together.

the scientists that do this.

Well, let's just say it's not an office

Dan O'Neal is a biologist who works in

some pretty wild [music] places.

>> [music]

>> to capture how all the parts of a wild

habitat combine seamlessly to make a

Odicius virgin [music]

white tailed deer. I think that's a

female curiss.

Oh my god. Oh, this is when you need the

bloody bird book. That is beautiful.

That is so cool. I've never seen one

here before.

Kallet Mall is unique because the entire

forest is the ancient city of Katmore.

50,000 people lived here at one stage.

And you still see the remnants

everywhere you go.

This is an ancient Mayan temple,

completely unexavated. There's thousands

of them all the way through the forest.

Only 14% of the ancient city has been

excavated. That is a tukan. Um he was

very quiet before we came here. And now

as we've started to climb this temple,

he's gotten very angry. The reason that

toucan is here is cuz the Mayans planted

their fruiting trees around this area.

And the fruit still stands today. Those

trees are feeding all the animals here

because of these people [music] that

were once here thousands of years ago.

All species here are tied together in

relationships.

And it's these relationships that

[music] mean that the forest is more

than the sum of its parts.

So my job is to understand how a

thriving [music] forest works and what's

key to keeping it healthy.

I both love and hate [music] this plant.

If I put my hand on there, within

seconds, I'd have huge numbers of ant

bites. They're horrible. Fire ants.

Horrible. What happens is the plant

provides a home and food for the ants.

And the ants protect the plant. Inside

every thorn. No, don't bite me. Don't

bite me. Don't bite me.

You see the hole there? Every single

thorn has that. And the ants live inside

the thorns. The tree provides a home for

the ants. And in turn, the ants protect

the tree from anything that wants to

attack [music] it. And when you look at

these plants often, like right there,

been eaten. This this one's been

destroyed by insects, come over to this

plant here. Every leaf is perfect. I had

a horrible situation once. I bashed into

one of these, and all the ants just fell

on me and bit every inch of my body.

Yeah. Who wants to give it a go? Smack

the tree. Go on, try it.

>> [music]

>> Can you smell that?

That's cat puma or jaguar. I'm not sure

which, but we're in someone's home.

[snorts]

That's really strong. That's very fresh.

Jaguars are stalk and ambush hunters,

which means they have to be incredibly

close to their prey in order to catch

it. So when we're walking through the

forest and they don't want to be seen,

they will never be seen.

The advent of [music] using camera traps

for research transformed our

understanding of animals that were

incredibly secretive.

I'm excited about this one.

Every year we get so much on this site.

This is a unique forest. It's ginormous,

but there's not a single river. There's

just these semi-permanent water

structures called aguadas which are

fueled by rain water.

We have them [music] set all over the

forest, but the auadas are always the

most productive obviously cuz everything

needs water and this is where they come.

That is going to be bloody brilliant.

This is my favorite [music] part of my

job. Every single camera trap that we

check is going to have something special

on it. I knew we would get a tape here.

He's a big [music] boy. That animal when

it comes into the iguadas, it tramples

down the leaf litter. It creates this

mucous seal that stops the water from

draining out and [music] that keeps the

water in the aguada. So the presence of

tape keeps all of the water and all of

the animals safe in the habitat. White

lipped peckery.

Oh hello. Huh? Nua

little kawatti

leopard [music] bades.

Lovely. That's an ocelot.

That's so cool.

Puma pregnant. She's pregnant. Oh, no.

No, not pregnant. That is a very full

boy really cautiously [music] walking

around as well, sniffing the air either.

This isn't your usual horn or [music]

someone else is sharing it with you.

That's Mick. That's MC [music] Jaguar.

He lives right next to our camp and he's

[music] been part of the furniture for

many years. It's so great. That is so

nice. Not getting [music] him once last

year. It does make you worry. Well,

you're doing all right, aren't you,

Mick? You old.

But look [music] at that, right? The

diversity of cat species in one tiny

spot. Ocelot, puma, jaguar, all living

together. But this is my [music]

favorite. Jaguar man.

>> But truly wild forests [music] like

Calakmore are becoming increasingly rare

because we are a species that cuts down

forests.

1/3 of the forests on Earth so far.

The vast majority of this clearance has

been to create farmland.

Which brings us to puzzle number two.

>> [music]

>> San Cass is an expert on the global food

system. [music]

He used to be senior policy adviser on

this to the president and the White

House chef,

although now he [music] mainly cooks for

his kids.

>> Let's wash your hands. Get your stool. S

Rafa, they are much tougher to cook for

than heads of steady. And I'll tell you,

they are far harsher critics. Now, part

of the problem with like a burger is

that it takes a lot of grass, like a lot

or [music] grains to make a cow get full

size so that we can then make it into a

burger. Takes a lot of land, takes a lot

of water. So, people are looking for

other ways to get protein that has a

much lighter impact on the planet. One

of the solutions you could eat something

like that.

>> Oh, no.

Wow, that really is something else.

>> Oh,

>> I'm going to throw up.

>> That looks like a cockroach.

>> No, that's not a cockroach.

>> That's a scorpion.

>> This is a part of a tarantula. Should we

all try one together? All right. Should

we say cheers?

>> They're alive.

>> No, no, no. They're crispy. They're

They're They're crunchy like a potato

chip. Should we say cheers and try one

and then we can make potato chip

>> taco? Nice sigh

>> potato chip.

>> Do not like these. These are so bad.

>> What do you think?

>> It's like poop. [laughter]

>> Chocolate covered scorpion.

>> You go first.

>> You go first.

>> What?

>> I see how much pork can you get?

>> Going to eat it. This is just for fun.

>> No,

>> but I'm trying out new foods

because what I saw 3 months ago in

Brazil has stayed with me.

I was on a trip [music] looking at

different approaches to growing food,

>> exploring traditional practices,

regenerative farming

[laughter]

[music]

>> and cattle ranching.

>> Tell me about what you have to do to

keep it clear for the cattle.

>> [music]

>> 80% of the Amazon forest currently being

cleared is to create space for cattle

>> [music]

[music]

>> There's an alternative to transforming

cattle farmer trying something

different.

>> He started growing cacao for chocolate

and that needs trees.

is good for the cacao. Some kind of

cover, some kind of shade.

I just incredible scent.

>> So beautiful.

>> It's like a little creamy, a little

sweet, little little tangy. It's

Wow. [music] 10 times. That's good for

you, huh?

[music]

[laughter]

More chocolate, more love.

Manuel had cleared the forest for his

cattle, but he's now planting cacao on

those fields and planting back the

forest to shade the cacao.

>> I'm going to move here and we plant

cacao together.

>> Part of what we have to also just

grapple with is like a great steak is

it, we are eating something that we

really enjoy, not because we're trying

to do something wrong.

Now we

[music]

[music]

can eat it every day. It means that

you've made it. For many people, [music]

it's it's truly just part of their

being.

A lot of people will say that raising

cattle is bad for the [music]

environment. You know, we're losing the

rainforest. What do you think when you

hear people say we should eat less meat?

When we're asking for change, I think

the thing we forget is that we're asking

people to change who they really are

This issue is incredibly complex,

but the fact is our appetite for meat,

not just in Brazil, but around the

world,

is having a huge impact.

Bearing witness to the forest being cut

down uh was one of the more intense and

difficult days of my life. Frankly,

something that's hard to describe about

actually seeing it play out in front of

your eyes.

It [music] was brutal.

The sound of those trees just being

knocked down, watching them fall.

The speed by which they were deforesting

[music]

like it was nothing

like literally raining destruction.

the two [music] of them, in 90 days.

That's just shocking, especially when

you know that's happening all over the

To the day I die, I will remember

sitting there in that forest with the

man who had just oversaw the claiming of

his land with so much pride. And I asked

him, "Why are you doing this?" And he

said, "I'm doing this to feed my family.

kids. And to him, I replied, I'm here

for the same reason.

that way. They're making a rational

choice. We as a society have to decide

how to value things in a way that helps

them make a different choice.

Right now, we're not placing a value on

what force does to sustain us all.

>> [music]

>> We're out of time. There's so much

carbon all around us that if we don't

find a way to pay people to protect it,

it's going to be in the atmosphere in

the next 5 years.

So all the clearing, chopping it, dried

it out. [music] All that life is burned.

[music]

There's another fire over there.

Burnts out over there. [music]

Only matter of time before that

beautiful Brazil nut tree right there is

gone.

Man, it's so hot.

[music] There's another one over there.

Another one over there.

Never going to stop.

[music]

This is just something we humans do.

It's already happened in my country.

[music]

Globally, agriculture has been by far

the biggest driver of nature loss.

The way we source our protein, in

particular [music] eats up the land.

We're currently devoting an area the

size of North and South America combined

just [music] for raising livestock.

We're replacing the wild with the tame.

Today, we and the cattle, sheep, pigs,

and pets that we raise make up 95%

[music]

of the weight of mammals on Earth. All

the wild mammals that [music] you can

think of together have dropped to just

5%.

>> [music]

>> Are we even noticing this loss of

Our perception of what's normal on Earth

is shifting.

These may look like forests,

but they're not.

They're plantations of tree crops

that globally now cover an area the size

of India.

They are a collection of trees,

but they don't behave like a forest.

This is a forest.

They're different.

And to understand why

we have to [music] look in the dark

[music]

Mycelium,

fungi. We know them best from their

fruing bodies, [music]

[music]

The mcelium grows into an established

network through which nutrients flow

connecting the trees in the forest.

So a Douglas fur mother tree

can send nutrients down her trunk

[music] and along the mycelium network

to feed her saplings.

[music]

but also share with trees of a different

[music] Supporting her paper birch

neighbor in spring, which when it gets

its leaves repays the favor in summer.

Some of the nutrients gathered by

[music] the plants are passed on to

forest animals.

And the animals too bring [music]

nutrients into the system.

Salmon that [music] have been out at sea

for years

feed the carnivores [music]

and their leftover carcasses rich in

ocean minerals.

fertilize the trees. [music]

The inhabitants [music] of a rich

natural forest are more resilient, more

successful

because they work together.

And for tens of thousands of years,

humans have also been a part of this

system.

Euro people see ourselves within the web

of life and we managed the land in a way

that produced abundance.

>> You know salmon and kaduk is amma. It's

like mama a a m a but that's our spirit.

And most people in our tribe that's one

of their first words they [music] learn

is amma. You know it's a beautiful word.

>> [music]

>> Nobody's even allowed on the whole river

to catch the salmon until this medicine

cement catches the first spring salmon,

which allows the [music] brood stock to

already be going through the spawning

the science that we had down like we

don't harvest until we know the spawners

are going home. That's way you make sure

your fish come back.

The Clamoth River is our church and the

cross on that church is the spring

salmon. So everything that's inside that

river is sacred.

And you don't do bad things to things

that are inside the church. You don't

desecrate somebody's church.

Salmon have a strong instinctive drive

to swim up river to their spawning

grounds.

[music]

But on the clammer, their path is

blocked by four hydroelect electric

[music]

Above the dams, the flow of the river is

stopped. [music]

The stagnant water heats up, creating a

breeding [music] ground for fish

The river reached a crisis point in

[music] 2002.

>> It was a drought year.

>> I was right on the river working

fisheries.

>> They didn't even listen to the tribe.

happen.

>> One of the largest adult Chinook salmon

runs were coming home.

Within about a week and a half, the fish

started dying.

You would see a fish come out [music] of

the depths of the water and and like be

gasping for air and then it would

disappear [music]

again and then a few minutes later you

would see it come up again dead.

all the adult fish, the juvenile fish,

it went it went like wildfire.

>> We had never experienced anything like

that. You know, that's not a natural

thing. Fish don't die like that here.

This is their home waters where they're

supposed to thrive. There were over

80,000 adult Chinook salmon lining the

banks of the river. big old giant salmon

laying there dead everywhere.

>> It was the largest fish [music] kill in

American history

and it was completely man-made.

What the right?

[music]

It was that fast. I decided I was going

to go to law school and try to prevent

this from ever happening again.

Is tearing down the dams an option?

Their energy can now come from other

renewables, [music]

but the cost of dam removal and river

restoration is half a billion dollars.

The question is, what's the value of a

river alive for all future generations?

How on earth do we cost that up?

The first to try to sum up nature

counted and collected.

They recorded all the tiny differences,

the oddities,

the anomalies.

But even the greatest collection in

[music] the world can't hope to properly

express

nature

to calculate [music] the richness,

the complexity,

the value of [music] life on Earth.

But today we can do this. We have the

We [music] have a metric for the whole.

a sum of all the populations,

the species

and the systems.

[music]

It's a magic number called biodiversity.

Biodiversity

[music] is Earth's pulse,

its breathing rate,

a measure of how healthy it is.

It's so fundamental it even has a direct

effect on us all.

I'll tell you the honest truth about

what it really feels like to leave the

field season. Um, it feels great.

I'd be lying if I didn't say there's a

small part of me that gets really

excited to have the flood of WhatsApp

messages and to hear from my friends and

[music] talk to my family. And I'm

covered in mud. I itch more than you

could possibly imagine itching. I'm in

the [music] van and the air con is on.

It's dry,

but it lasts for minutes. [music] You

get the rush. It's like and then it's

falls so flat.

The feelings of anxiety, um the pressure

of society,

and I [music] just start to miss the

When was I the most depressed?

Um,

yeah, probably living in London. It was

just really hard.

I just fell into a really dark place.

I did think about whether I'm this

anomaly. Am I somebody that needs

[music] nature more than other people?

Are other people happier than I am here?

As a kid, nature

provided the [music] escape from my

reality.

I was able to leave the chaos at home

and uh it was just peaceful,

you know, I didn't have nobody yelling

at me or

any of the violent stuff. And uh it was

just nice to be at ease, you know, do

what kids [music] do. And

nature was very important to me growing

up. Like probably probably vital.

I've always had like a really soft spot

for birds cuz they're literally like the

definition of freedom.

When you have your freedom taken away

from you, your view of nature is through

a a small window.

You're stripped of everything.

15 years ago when I first came to

prison, I was,

you know, getting in fights and uh I was

well on my way to getting into gangs. Do

absolutely nothing with uh

what matters up here.

>> I've been angry a lot in my life.

dealing with other people and

certain situations,

it's easier for me to act a certain type

of way because

I'm that guy [music] and they know I'm

that guy. You know, I um I've slowly

began to isolate to try to stay away

from certain people and isolation isn't

always good.

You got plenty of time in here.

And if you're not doing something to

better yourself, then you're just

wasting your life.

This is not it.

This is not the place to be.

>> Prisons are among the most natur.

But what if you change this?

cuz turtles are my spiritual animal.

I love water creatures. I'm always going

to be a water creature.

>> This is another one. You can see has we

actually bring [music] in turtles that

are extremely sick.

>> Seven.

>> And you see some of the the shell rod on

these turtles [music] and it's it's sad.

Uh

you know, they're endangered. [music]

>> To most people it's like, "Oh, these are

prisoners. They can barely take care of

themselves, but let's let them take care

of some turtles that are going extinct.

>> We're just convicts.

>> I'm just doing something that I think

every human would do. Just like I think

you if you see somebody doing bad fall

down on the street, you help them out,

pick them up. You know, you're all

right. Dust them off. Keep on about your

way. This is me doing the same thing,

but they're in tanks

>> cuz they're kind of like in a weird way

in the same boat, you know? like they're

[music] sick. They're here for a while.

I miss home. They miss home.

>> Most of all, I miss

I miss being around my family. I mean,

I miss my kids dearly.

Missing giving them hugs, kisses.

I don't kiss these turtles. I mean, I

could rub on the turtles, you know. They

can they're cool. They come out. You

know, if you you talk to them, you look

at them, you rub them, and they're just

all right. We good? All right. They're

tranquil. And that's what I'm trying to

get you. Tranquil life.

Prisons [music] that have nature

programs are finding a significant

reduction in violence.

>> I mean, they really do have like their

own personalities. Li guy is my favorite

one. He's uh the smallest one we have

here. It's it's a big world out there.

>> When I'm like holding like yellow, my

favorite turtle, and it's like we're

both going to be out of here. Like

you're going to be out of here, yellow.

I'm going to be out of here. [music] And

this is just a little bump in the road

for us. You're sick. I got into some

trouble, but we're eventually going to

be back in our natural habitat. She

knows I'm the one that feeds her all the

time, too.

She is not picky.

We're here to help them. We're here to

give them what they need so they can go

back out to society and live their

lives.

Even if I may not be the most open and

social guy all the time, it's it's

helping me get out of my comfort zone.

So, not only am I helping the turtles,

but I feel like maybe a little funny to

some people, but they're helping me.

And there's the secret of how to live on

Earth.

In prisoners [music] hearts, in Dan's

mental state, and at our very core,

nature, biodiversity

is what keeps [music] us stable and our

planet stable.

We need [music] nature because only when

the earth thrives

can we thrive.

>> [music]

>> As intelligent [music]

humans, we've developed ingenious ways

to raise protein,

[music]

to fuel our societies,

[music]

to bring prosperity.

>> [music]

>> As wise humans, we will do all of that,

working with [music] nature, not against

it.

It's time to rethink everything. [music]

Going to an area that has many gold

mining sites [music]

is really dangerous for people like me

[music] because these companies don't

want their stories to be told.

profit. We represent a threat to their

Being in a place of extraction is really

really painful.

>> You can feel of of deep frustration, of

deep rage, of deep sadness.

You can see what it's done to the

communities there.

>> The community are preparing for a

dangerous journey ahead to see what is

happening at the gold mining sites along

the river.

[music]

>> [music]

>> When did they start mining here?

>> They started mining this roughly four

years ago. This this whole area used to

look like that that site. All it was all

green, beautiful, and now it's it's has

been destroyed as you can see. Just

>> Oh my god, their machines are right

>> This is a time bomb for everybody who's

like working here, for the kids, for the

houses that you see like all down the

river. There's like so many families, so

many children, so many people drinking

this water.

To extract tiny pieces of gold, mercury

is poured over sediment,

but it's highly toxic, and if it enters

the river system, it will remain in the

environment for decades.

We [music] depend on the water for

everything on our daily lives. And this

river is one of the biggest tributaries

to the Amazonas River that's going all

the way to Brazil. So this water is

going to be poisoning thousands [music]

of villages of indigenous people and

[music] it's horrible.

The people who want to come and bathe,

they can't.

The birds that want to eat fish [music]

here, they can't.

They're destroying everything.

It makes me [music] very sad

and it makes me angry [music]

It's senseless to me that this gold is

taken [music] to be buried again. They

take it from underground and they

[music] put it underground in a vault.

It's totally totally broken and it's

I [music] don't blame the miners. In

fact, I don't blame anyone.

It's the system.

Our [music] financial system values the

gold more than the rainforest.

We don't need the gold. We need the

It's just crazy thinking and it's going

to lead to the suffering of all those

who come after [music] us.

The system has [music] to change.

And that's why I need to travel to the

heart of the financial world.

The place that determines what is valued

[music] and what is not.

>> [music]

>> I'm meeting a renowned economist that

has been working for years trying to

reshape our thinking from the inside.

>> So right now our financial system is all

earth. How do we move into a

regenerative system that actually values

the life around us?

>> When you say what is the value of a

tree? Most people think, "Oh, cut it

down and sell it as timber." So, there's

a value for a dead tree. That's the

current extractive system. What is the

value of an elephant moving freely in

the forest where it was supposed to be?

What is the value of a living, beautiful

blue whale frolicking freely in the

ocean? There is no value right now.

Living nature is invisible to the market

[music] system. What's visible is the

dead nature.

That's why nature is dying.

We really need to change this this

paradigm to understand that that living

tree is incredibly valuable to [music]

this system because it's sequestering

carbon. It's enhancing the soil quality.

It's enhancing the water quality. It's

providing a whole atmosphere [music] for

microbes and for animals to live in.

Now, because of advancement in science,

we can value all these services.

>> We need to be better stewards. We need

to come home. We left home without any

wisdom. We have to come home much more

humble and much wiser.

>> In today's world economy, [music]

nature does its work for free.

The bees in China never sent an invoice.

[music]

The elephant engineers in Chad, all

unpaid.

Of course, it's worth less [music] than

the gold underneath because its services

are delivered without charge.

If we can change this situation, [music]

nature's true value will finally be

accounted for.

The financial system can see nature.

[music]

>> Douglas Edgar is pioneering a way of

valuing living ecosystems. [music]

He's creating companies around them that

investors can then buy shares in.

>> Ecosystem services are the benefits that

nature provides globally. About a

hundred trillion dollars worth of goods

and services a year. So fresh water,

pollination services, flood risk

reduction, fertility of soil. There

literally are trillions of dollars of

investable capital that investors have

earmarked for nature, but they don't

have a place to put it. Natural asset

companies allow them to do that. So,

wherever we can bring nature in, there's

an investable opportunity.

So, in my town in Mexico, we have a

beautiful wetland that is drawing down

carbon. It's filtering water. Uh but all

around us we have 10 industrial parks,

200 factories that want more and more

land. They want to take water from us.

Each day the pressure [music]

increases. So how could this system make

sure that my community is [music]

wanting to keep it alive and to fight

off the temptation really from these

factories wanting [music] to give them

so much money.

>> So the way this works is we would create

a natural asset company around this

wetland. [music] We'd value the natural

capital. So, how much clean air and

clean water, tons of carbon [music]

store, and it would give us a price of

those ecosystem services that are

produced every year.

Okay. [music] So, my community that owns

much of this wetland could set up a

natural asset company. Scientists

[music] then measure all the ecosystem

services and that determines the share

price.

Good services means a high [music] share

price. Someone can then buy those shares

and the value of the shares go up as

nature [music] heals because thriving

nature makes more clean air, more clean

water, draws down more carbon and all of

nature's other services. We rely on

>> those wetlands might [music] be worth 25

or even $50,000 per acre per year in

services. So multiply that out over a

given area, it gets to be quite a large

value.

>> So my community could keep their land

and by looking after [music] nature make

good money year on year as the value of

those ecosystem services grows rather

than sell their land for a one-time

gain.

investors would be able to look at coral

reefs and tropical rainforests [music]

and the health of the planet as an

investable asset and that's a game

changer.

>> This is truly revolutionary. I think

this gives me hope that we can protect

[music] nature for the future and also

respect everything that our ancestors

have done to keep nature what it is

today.

>> That makes me really happy. It has been

the first time. There are dozens of

these concepts [music] now shaking up

the finance system.

They could change the world and fast. A

little bit like Bitcoin did, but good

for the planet.

Here's a prediction. People who own land

full of nature will become the richest

people on Earth because biodiversity

is bankable.

>> [music]

>> It's inevitable. Biod diversity is the

measure of Earth's ultimate [music]

richness.

Last century we talked about oil states.

This century we will be talking about

bioates. [music]

Brazil, Congo, Indonesia,

Madagascar.

They're the nations that [music] have

something precious.

We are building a new global bioeconomy.

Green is the new gold.

And that means we'll start to make

different choices.

>> Bean salad.

>> You're the bean salad master. any given

night, you know, we're making choices

that have quite a big impact on the

world around us. All right? Eating a

steak has a much bigger impact on the

planet than eating a chicken. And even

eating a chicken is a bigger impact than

eating beans. I don't want you to feel

guilty about the things that you're

eating.

>> Well, sweets. I want you to feel [music]

guilty about.

>> This looks better than this.

>> You think the bean salad looks the best?

>> Yeah.

>> The biggest issue we face is how we get

our protein.

I've got a friend, Greg, a chef of

Michelin star restaurants.

>> Greg's cooking with brand new

alternative proteins that [music] take

up virtually no space to produce and so

have limited impact on nature.

[music]

Crazy.

>> The the draw to this product is that

it's like hyper sustainable. It produces

out of thin air and that it's a source

of protein. I

>> It's pretty neutral flavor. Yeah. It's

got a little umami, but not much else.

>> Yeah. It doesn't alter a dish or

anything,

>> right? So, that's good.

>> Yeah.

>> All right. Let's try it.

>> In each recipe, it's completely

different. So, I'm still kind of

figuring it out, but I like the

challenge. We've done things [music]

like take butter out of a recipe or egg

or milk and supplement the protein.

Okay, so this is a spatzel. Instead of

milk, I made a solution with soine and

you're going to taste so in that.

>> Holy cow, that's good. Yeah, you can't

taste it at all.

>> No,

>> it's delicious.

>> Carrot crepe.

>> I hope the future is this beautiful.

>> Yeah, it's not bad, right?

>> Not bad. It's gorgeous, man.

>> The solene is in the crepe. We cut the

butter in half and subbed out for the

sole.

>> That's delicious.

>> It's good, right? Very carroty. [music]

>> Super good. You see that you can use an

alternative kind of protein and it

>> the flavor at all.

>> I mean, I think it's pretty inspiring to

take air and make protein.

>> Sure.

>> And it's an incredible like

technological breakthrough.

>> Yeah. It's super neat. And the resources

needed to do that are are dimminimous

compared to what it takes to raise a

cow.

>> Yeah.

>> So, it's part of the solution, but it's

not a replacement for meat.

>> Greg's working [music] with the newest

alternative to steak, which is made from

farming mycelium.

>> Looks like meat

>> as it goes. Like that's the closest

thing to a steak like plant-based thing

I've seen. See what we think.

>> Kind of sausagey.

>> Yeah.

>> It's not bad, though.

>> Nope.

Use a little word, but it's not bad.

>> Yeah. Some barbecue sauce.

>> Yeah.

>> This is rooted in the natural world.

[music] It's grown in a tank, but it

comes from directly from nature. It's

and put into a tank. It grows really

fast. [music] You can grow it really

efficiently. So, it's quite affordable.

This is literally one of the healthiest

things you can possibly eat. It's

incredibly nutrient-dense. It's got

about a third of your daily protein, a

third of your daily fiber, and and so

that's why solutions like this do get

[music] me pretty excited because

in face of like the devastation I just

saw,

we watched the forest get chopped down,

dried out, burned

like acre after acre after down. one of

the most important [music] biospheres in

>> for for grazing cattle in that context.

It adds a lot of value to eating

alternatives like this or even a sausage

like this blended, you know, with a

little bit of real pork.

>> So, it still has all the delicious

flavor.

>> Yeah. But now has fiber and all these

other nutrients in it. [music]

>> Really don't sacrifice on taste. I've

had all kinds of different mushroom

blend sausages and burgers. You can't

tell the difference. Yeah.

>> And some some of them are actually

better cuz you get a little more depth

of flavor.

>> But it's probably the path forward is

the meat in the middle of the road.

right?

>> I agree.

>> But like most of us, I do still love

meat and fish.

And there are some things you can eat

that can actually help the environment.

Remember, stop, look at me, look at

whatever.

Lion fish. Yeah,

the Pacific that are now spreading to

the Atlantic.

They have no natural predators and

they're wreaking havoc, killing up to

90% of juvenile native fish on a reef

[music] in just 5 weeks.

Yeah, baby. One line fish at a time. Try

to save the reef. They are a beautiful

fish, but they got to go.

>> Do locals eat lion fish? Do a lot of

people eat line fish?

>> Yeah, a lot of people eat the fish here

because lion fish is a nice meat.

>> Super sweet.

>> Yeah.

>> Nice. If you get stung, it just hurts a

lot. It's not dangerous. It just really

hurts.

>> No. Very hot. Big pain. Hospital. Is

>> this really?

>> Yeah.

>> Okay.

>> Yeah. [music]

>> Good to know.

I'm making it two ways. One is ceviche

and we're just going to sauté this. Made

a little salad. Do a little sauce on

top. I mean, once you remove the deadly

you hot and cold and want to throw up.

It hurts so bad. It's a pretty normal

fish to work with.

>> It's really good.

>> I'll take that from the Italian.

>> Oh, yeah. Quite [music] what's dangerous

about this fish is that it reproduces so

fast. One female can lay 2 million eggs

at a time. So [music] can do an

extraordinary amount of damage. On the

other hand, it's a really beautiful

food. And [music] the more we eat this,

the healthier our ecosystems are going

to be and the more delicious our lives

are.

And if you're in the States, you might

eat feral pig. It's invasive. In

Australia, you can eat the goats that

are running wild, devastating the

landscape. And in Europe, you might eat

wild venison where out of control

[music] deer numbers are stopping the

forest growing back. These are the areas

impact the world around us and being

conscious about that and making real

decisions to try to do a better job at

impacting the world in a positive way is

really what [music] it all comes down

to. With the arrival of mycelium farms,

blended meats, air proteins, we'll be

able to feed ourselves on a fraction of

the land that we currently use.

And if we embrace these new foods,

we could bring back huge swaves [music]

of wild habitat,

locking away carbon,

making Earth more [music] resilient and

more stable.

And all those that help [music] us

restore a balance, those heroes would be

paid handsomely for their efforts by the

new finance system.

Can we really change the whole planet in

[music] a positive way?

Can we become global gardeners?

Professor Steve Simpson

is a marine acoustics biologist.

>> There's the go and trance of the emperor

angel fish. But then in in amongst the

sounds, you've got knock. So you've got

a [clears throat]

as if it's two fish talking to each

other.

Underwater sound is really one of the

very very key cues that animals use to

communicate, to find their way around,

to choose where to live, to detect

predators, to avoid being eaten, and to

find their food. So sound really is

everywhere in the ocean.

So listening to the sea is a good way to

measure biodiversity.

>> It's great fun trying to find which fish

are making which sounds. The [music]

WTF, the What's This Fish?

This reef is just full of life. You can

hear all the crackling, but you can hear

so many different species of fish. It's

really obvious that [music] this is a

healthy reef.

This is what happens when the reef

With [music] climate change, the coral

dies and the habitat crumbles away. The

fish leave. They've got nowhere to live.

[music]

that's full of life to one that's just

acoustically empty.

It sounds like a graveyard.

Coral reefs are living on borrowed time.

They really could be the first

ecosystems on the planet that we lose.

And I guess the only thing that keeps

you going is that you you believe that

this doesn't have to be the end of the

story.

>> To attempt to revive a silent, lifeless

reef, Steve has teamed up with music

producer turned marine biologist Mary

Shadipo on an ambitious experiment.

>> I'm getting the [music] sound of a

really healthy reef. I'm mixing it

together from different locations to

make a soundtrack. So, there's a lot of

fish sounds. There's a lot of incidental

sounds. So, creatures moving around.

There's a lot of stuff [music] going on.

>> Why do this? Well, on a few nights each

year, the corals release a cloud of

These tiny drifters ride the ocean

currents [music]

until they detect the sound of a healthy

reef. This triggers them to drop down

[music]

and begin to grow.

>> Coral, they generally settle in the

daytime. So, we have a daytime

soundtrack for them. And the fish

generally, they settle in the night

[music] time because that's less likely

they'll be eaten by predators cuz it's

in the cover of darkness.

>> So, the lure to bringing back both the

baby coral and the [music] baby fish is

to play them coral jazz. Babying.

Instead of making songs for people, now

making songs for coral and fish is quite

a good feeling, I have to say.

>> With their reef music in hand, the team

can now enact their [music] full plan to

revive the reef.

>> After a bleaching event, lots of the

corals have died, but a few have

survived. These are really heat tolerant

corals.

So, step [music] one is that you cut

those corals into small pieces.

We take those fragments and glue them

onto plugs. We put the plugs into tanks

spread out much faster than they might

do in nature.

[music]

Once they've grown, we can put them back

out onto the reef. Fish and corals,

[music] without one, you don't get the

other. So, our new approach is is

bringing the fish and the corals

together. So, step two is to [music] put

out light traps. These catch laval fish,

baby fish. Rather than letting them

settle on the reef and probably be

can fatten them up. We can feed them in

the aquarium systems.

Step three is we take [music] the fish

and we take the corals that we've been

growing out onto the reef,

lay out the corals ready to grow.

We put a net over it to protect the fish

while they settle into their new

environment from predators.

But we also then implant [music] a

farming damsel fish into the middle of

it. These little damsel fish are like

bodyguards to the coral. They'll attack

[music] anything. They'll attack a

shark. They'll attack a scuba diver. And

that keeps fish that like to eat corals

away. We add a speaker that's playing

the sounds of a healthy coral reef. And

then we can call in the corals. We can

call in the [music] fish. And if the

fish and the corals start to make that

their home, corals rebuild the habitat.

The fish provide all of the important

functions that keep the corals alive.

I'm really hopeful [music] that within a

decade, it would look like a stunning

coral reef. And if we can save coral

reefs, we really demonstrate to

ourselves and to the future that we can

save other [music] ecosystems, too.

Rebuilding entire ecosystems is becoming

possible and essential for the health of

our planet.

But what about our own health

[music]

by 2050? The forecast is that around 70%

of us will live in urban areas.

[music] In South Korea, they're already

well past that.

Research shows that the stresses of city

living here are contributing to high

rates [music] of depression,

infertility, and a recent spike in youth

>> [music]

>> There's a man who's renowned for helping

people living in the city become happier

by [music] connecting them to nature.

>> [music]

>> such

>> [music]

>> Here it comes.

[music]

>> [music]

>> I'm

[music]

[music]

[music]

>> [music]

[music]

>> [music]

[music]

>> Mr. Park now runs a number of forest

healing programs [music] endorsed by the

>> [music]

>> Why do I feel so depressed when I'm in

cities and so happy when I'm in nature?

[music]

>> [music]

>> Mr. Park's latest program is working

with students to alleviate [music]

the massive pressures they're facing.

What's up?

[music]

>> [laughter]

[laughter]

>> It's infectious. Everyone's smiling and

laughing.

>> It's interesting. It's so simple,

[music] these little games, but

probably so wildly different to their

life back in the city that this is just

such a release.

>> I can't describe it, but I know my brain

needs this to be

The dream would be to get this kind of

feeling within a city.

Just landed in Singapore and this is the

first thing I've seen. [music]

It's basically a jungle in the middle of

an airport

with a huge single drop waterfall.

[music]

The only exciting thing about an airport

usually is leaving it. But this is just

if this is a sign of what's to come in

Singapore, I'm excited. [music]

making space for nature throughout the

city.

>> [music]

>> This philosophy runs so deep [music]

that it's even applied to a hospital.

[music]

[music] This is just unreal.

And then you look over and you see, oh,

day surgery unit. [music]

It really does feel like a a wild place.

>> [music]

>> bird watching in a hospital. Bet you

didn't think we were going to do that

today.

And just that's it. Like

proper wild little moments.

If this is a public hospital and if this

is the place where people everyone can

come to get healed [music] in Singapore

surrounded by nature which we know

peerreview journal science proven heals

people quicker being around plants

[music] then this kind of system this

kind of hospital that should be in the

rest of the world. This is how we should

be healing people everywhere. [music]

Not only has the city ensured that

greenery [music] is planted onto so many

of its buildings,

but it's also cleaned up its waterways

[music]

to invite wildlife back in.

[music]

It's got everything you want in a city,

[music]

but it feels like it's got a lot of what

I love about a jungle.

They're all coming.

Hello.

Hello, guys. Oh, wow.

Hi. How's it going?

[music]

What?

[music]

I'm shaking. I'm literally shaking. This

It's a hole. There's another one coming

as well. I catch up with your friends.

I never thought I would have any

moment like that with a family of otter

in a place like this, an urban

environment like this.

>> [music]

>> It's so hopeful. It's exciting. I feel

like this is kind of a blueprint for a

future that I want to live in. [music]

It doesn't feel like you're losing

anything. It doesn't feel like a

compromise. It just feels good. Why

isn't everyone doing it?

It's really hopeful. It works.

[music]

>> [music]

>> How about this for a big idea? What if

there were four chapters [music] in the

story of a planet like Earth?

>> One, a time [music] before life.

Two, a time when life evolves. [music]

Three, a time when intelligent life

evolves, but unrestricted its impact

comes to threaten the planet.

Four, a time when the intelligent

[music]

life becomes wise and works out how to

be a positive force [music] on its

planet.

Earth is at chapter 3 and we, those of

us alive now, are the only ones capable

of moving it on to chapter 4.

[snorts and gasps]

But are we really able to do that?

We may have already [music] started.

I know.

Heyo.

Heyo.

But here we are at the head of Ishibishi

Falls. Uh right at the base of Auich.

Auch is uh pronounced like kind of

stubbing your toe like a so and it means

sugar loaf. This is the center of our

world right here. Ishy Fishy Falls.

This is where we catch our fish for our

people. I remember first learning how to

walk on the rocks when I was about four

or five years old coming down here,

right? And then when you're big enough

to pack a fish, a load of fish on your

back and head you up that trails.

So, if you look at the river, you notice

it's a a little turbid, little muddy,

but it's the last of the bleeding wound

from the dam removal. But what we don't

have is surface scum water off the dam.

You don't see these frog pond algae

sides. You don't smell the stink algae.

The river's cold. It is. So, take a look

at the last dirty of the water. You're

never going to see that dirty again.

I got him.

you call like a 20 pounder, but to be

this about a 40 pounder around here,

though. This guy across the river might

call it 50. I don't know.

You know, fish story is getting a little

big, right?

You know, I when I seen the fish this

year and how healthy they were, man, it

made me really proud of all the work

we've done for dam removal. It was like

hard because [music]

it's a it's a real success story. It is.

>> After a 20-year legal battle,

a landmark victory to demolish four

[music] dams and restore the river.

[music] wishing well.

>> It's now only 10 days until the [music]

last of the diggers will leave the damn

removal sites and let nature take

[music] its course.

It's a river. [music]

[snorts]

[music]

>> [snorts]

[music]

[snorts]

[laughter]

>> It's a river

and it looks so beautiful, so confident.

so healthy [music]

>> and to see it so beautiful today.

It's really heartfilling.

It is beautiful.

We have this generation of youth growing

up now,

not like myself that seen the river

It was uh really hard to watch the river

die, like just be sick every year.

So, this next generation does [music]

know river health. They're going to know

of their culture. It's all going to come

and it's going to be uh awesome. Today,

I look at this river

and it's healing and it's healing fast

and it's amazing.

It's over a century [music] since the

salmon have been able to make it to the

spawning grounds in the upper reaches of

the Clamoth River.

No one expected them to make it over 200

miles in the very first year the dams

were removed. [music]

But they did.

You know, there was elders who didn't

life, who did not get to see dam removal

come through today. And and uh I want to

say a prayer for those people and thank

them for all their hard work. And it

makes me really really proud to know

that all the work that we did in the

[music] It's come to fruit. It's

amazing. It was everybody that came

together.

You know, we took four dams down,

restored 400 miles of habitat,

the biggest restoration project in the

history of the United States and

possibly the world.

[music] You know, maybe uh our

great-grandfathers didn't have all

figured out. you know, maybe uh we have

to evolve in time and do things

different [music] and that may maybe

undoing some of the things we did wrong

and uh I really see it as something that

the world can build on. This right here

could be setting the [music] foundation

for greater things to come in this

Maybe this [music] is the big shift the

world needs.

Nature's ready to help us [music] turn

things around.

this planet.

We now know how to live on Earth.

Link the world economy [music] to the

planet's most valuable metric,

Learn how to feed ourselves [music]

without devouring the planet.

and recognize that only with nature can

we truly thrive.

[music] We've got a new role. We're

global gardeners. We're planetary

[music] stewards. We are the captains of

spaceship Earth.

But are we ready?

Are we wise enough?

Yeah, almost.

I'm a mother.

I'm a mother. [music]

I'm a boy soldier.

I'm a boy soldier. [music and singing]

I'm a refugee.

I'm a refugee. [music] I'm a

billionaire. [singing]

[music]

I'm a storyteller.

I'm a story teller.

I'm a mental health worker.

>> [music and singing]

>> diversity

and [singing]

I'm a disaster. [music]

Doesn't matter. [music and singing]

Doesn't matter what you try and tell me

what you try and tell because nothing is

your business when you're

[music and singing] taking for free. How

to live farther? I'm a child. [music]

Baby, I've been raising [music] your

hands off. This is not before.

I'm a

foresh. [music and singing]

[music]

I'm a paperwe professional.

[music] I'm in the clock fleet part of

that deal [music] with digital

anthropology.

I'm a human. [singing]

I'm the [music] quality assurance.

I'm the shield. Nobody cares about you

and the world is [music] cru.

I'm the corporate bottle. I'm the

circular economy [music]

architect. I'm the first responder lost

my life and soul of the party. [music]

I walk the land and get up with

extinction. [music]

[music]

Heat. Heat.

[music]

[music]

Yeah. [music]

Heat. [music]

[music]

[singing]

[music] Power of the night.