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1
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Twenty years...
2
00:01:31,341 --> 00:01:33,760
September 3rd, 1939.
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00:01:35,178 --> 00:01:38,390
London was at peace
on this Sunday morning.
4
00:02:33,570 --> 00:02:36,114
'I am speaking to you
5
00:02:36,239 --> 00:02:39,451
'from the Cabinet Room
at 10 Downing Street.
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00:02:41,286 --> 00:02:45,457
'This morning,
the British ambassador in Berlin
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00:02:45,582 --> 00:02:50,045
'handed the German government
a final note
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00:02:50,170 --> 00:02:55,801
'stating that unless we heard
from them by 11:00
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00:02:55,926 --> 00:03:00,972
'that they were prepared at once
to withdraw their troops from Poland,
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00:03:01,098 --> 00:03:04,351
'a state of war would exist between us.
11
00:03:05,977 --> 00:03:12,150
'I have to tell you now that
no such undertaking has been received,
12
00:03:12,275 --> 00:03:18,323
'and that consequently this country
is at war with Germany.
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00:03:20,992 --> 00:03:24,663
'This country is at war with Germany...
14
00:03:25,956 --> 00:03:29,793
'This country is at war with Germany...
15
00:03:29,918 --> 00:03:33,839
'But it is evil things that
we shall be fighting against.
16
00:03:33,964 --> 00:03:36,425
'Brute force, bad faith,
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00:03:36,550 --> 00:03:42,681
'injustice, oppression
and persecution.
18
00:03:42,806 --> 00:03:46,852
'And against them, I am certain
that the right will prevail.'
19
00:03:59,656 --> 00:04:02,409
London is calling.
20
00:04:02,534 --> 00:04:04,870
London calling to the world.
21
00:04:05,871 --> 00:04:09,374
This is London. Here is London.
22
00:04:09,499 --> 00:04:12,377
Calling to a world at war.
23
00:04:21,052 --> 00:04:25,432
The air-raid alarm is sounded
in the first hour of war.
24
00:04:25,557 --> 00:04:27,976
An unknown plane
approaches the coast.
25
00:04:29,227 --> 00:04:31,646
Londoners enter the war shelters.
26
00:04:33,231 --> 00:04:35,066
Protective balloons are sent up.
27
00:04:51,500 --> 00:04:54,044
Well, Hitler didn't waste any time,
did he?
28
00:04:55,921 --> 00:04:58,006
What's this, our rum rations?
29
00:04:59,925 --> 00:05:02,052
Here you are, plenty of room.
30
00:05:06,890 --> 00:05:09,017
The warden is on duty.
31
00:05:09,142 --> 00:05:13,396
He is the link between the simple
citizen and the protective services.
32
00:05:13,522 --> 00:05:16,483
His principal equipment
is friendliness.
33
00:05:22,280 --> 00:05:23,657
Friendliness.
34
00:05:23,782 --> 00:05:27,744
It has become the war-time equipment
of all Londoners.
35
00:05:27,869 --> 00:05:30,622
Oh, thank you. It's terrible, isn't it?
36
00:05:34,543 --> 00:05:38,797
- Isn't it quiet?
- We won't hear much, will we?
37
00:05:38,922 --> 00:05:41,842
I hope old Hitler can hear
what I'm thinking.
38
00:05:44,928 --> 00:05:48,807
People joked,
but in their hearts was devastation.
39
00:05:55,814 --> 00:06:00,569
Twenty years of peace and
of building up had been overthrown.
40
00:06:00,694 --> 00:06:03,697
The devastation of war claimed
even the blades of grass
41
00:06:03,822 --> 00:06:06,616
that brightened the grey winters.
42
00:06:06,741 --> 00:06:11,663
The long-forgotten earth of London
has seen the light after barren years.
43
00:06:11,788 --> 00:06:13,999
It is put to barren use.
44
00:06:15,208 --> 00:06:18,587
Sandbags, sandbags,
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00:06:18,712 --> 00:06:21,006
millions of sandbags.
46
00:06:22,090 --> 00:06:25,051
Those rows of bags,
those earthworks,
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00:06:25,176 --> 00:06:28,138
are rising like a tide in our streets.
48
00:06:29,139 --> 00:06:32,267
We want these to be
the last earthworks.
49
00:06:33,518 --> 00:06:37,272
That is why filling sandbags
is everybody's business.
50
00:06:37,397 --> 00:06:40,483
Men and women left everything
that they were doing
51
00:06:40,609 --> 00:06:42,694
and hurried to shovel sand.
52
00:06:42,819 --> 00:06:46,698
They ran to and fro like ants,
each with his tiny burden.
53
00:06:50,368 --> 00:06:52,662
But the bags and the boarding
and the trenches
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00:06:52,787 --> 00:06:57,292
were but the external signs of a great
upheaval in London's inner life.
55
00:07:01,838 --> 00:07:06,134
The hardening of London's face,
the growing ruggedness of the streets,
56
00:07:06,259 --> 00:07:11,056
meant a warming of the heart
and a quickening of the sympathies.
57
00:07:11,181 --> 00:07:13,141
The thousand classes of London,
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00:07:13,266 --> 00:07:16,937
some from their damp basements
and some from their luxury flats,
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00:07:17,062 --> 00:07:19,230
came to work for the public good.
60
00:07:20,690 --> 00:07:23,818
In those first critical hours,
they did indispensable work
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00:07:23,944 --> 00:07:27,739
which no leader could have ordered
and no money could have bought.
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00:07:27,864 --> 00:07:30,116
They built bastions, dug trenches,
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00:07:30,241 --> 00:07:34,412
shaped the raw earth with their hands
to make the city safe.
64
00:07:38,833 --> 00:07:42,170
At that moment,
Londoners saw a remarkable thing.
65
00:07:44,214 --> 00:07:47,467
A generation of young men,
born in the last war,
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00:07:47,592 --> 00:07:49,761
and brought up
in contempt of militarism
67
00:07:49,886 --> 00:07:52,639
and the bogus romance
of the battlefield,
68
00:07:52,764 --> 00:07:57,268
went into uniform willingly
and with clear understanding.
69
00:07:58,311 --> 00:08:03,733
Because they found they had grown up
in a world where there was no peace.
70
00:08:03,858 --> 00:08:06,403
These were London's children.
71
00:08:06,528 --> 00:08:08,613
Now they carry arms.
72
00:08:11,533 --> 00:08:15,078
But they're still our children.
73
00:08:27,757 --> 00:08:30,969
The defence of London
is in young, firm hands.
74
00:08:55,535 --> 00:08:58,538
But some Londoners must keep
their feet on the ground.
75
00:08:58,663 --> 00:09:02,375
The Monday morning workers left
their tube trains to face a new world
76
00:09:02,500 --> 00:09:06,129
where everything seemed strange.
77
00:09:06,254 --> 00:09:10,842
But trade went on. They bought
covers for their gas masks.
78
00:09:10,967 --> 00:09:14,846
The shining facades of the West End
put up barricades,
79
00:09:14,971 --> 00:09:17,307
sometimes of paper and glue.
80
00:09:20,477 --> 00:09:24,439
London's white war paint was to be
a guide on the darkest night...
81
00:09:24,564 --> 00:09:26,191
...sometimes.
82
00:09:29,110 --> 00:09:32,363
Even Scotland Yard's stout walls
were made stouter still.
83
00:09:33,865 --> 00:09:38,411
While citizens turned into policemen
came out to man the streets.
84
00:09:41,122 --> 00:09:43,291
The resources of the great city
were mobilised
85
00:09:43,416 --> 00:09:45,919
to deal with fire and explosion.
86
00:09:49,005 --> 00:09:51,382
The aged and ill
from the hospitals of London
87
00:09:51,508 --> 00:09:54,177
were taken to the country
to escape alarm.
88
00:10:03,561 --> 00:10:07,148
Meanwhile, the children, too,
were leaving London.
89
00:10:08,900 --> 00:10:12,362
Three quarters of a million children had
been moving out of the London region
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00:10:12,487 --> 00:10:14,531
during the weekend.
91
00:10:18,368 --> 00:10:21,579
For this was a city of children.
92
00:10:21,704 --> 00:10:24,749
London has many monuments
to the dead past,
93
00:10:24,874 --> 00:10:28,711
but the real London is
its young life, its future.
94
00:10:36,928 --> 00:10:38,805
London is the cradle of tomorrow.
95
00:10:38,930 --> 00:10:41,349
And not just the slate and stone,
96
00:10:41,474 --> 00:10:44,227
the bricks and mortar
of an ancient and toiling city.
97
00:11:00,076 --> 00:11:02,662
The mothers stayed.
98
00:11:02,787 --> 00:11:05,582
Steps don't get so dirty these days,
do they, Mrs Hawkes?
99
00:11:05,707 --> 00:11:10,211
No, you're right.
But it gets dead quiet, doesn't it?
100
00:11:10,336 --> 00:11:14,424
Funny it takes a war to give us
a bit of peace and quiet.
101
00:11:15,216 --> 00:11:19,137
Some of the anonymous millions
did get into uniform.
102
00:11:19,262 --> 00:11:21,848
For weeks, women had practised
driving ambulances.
103
00:11:28,438 --> 00:11:32,609
Three thousand taxi drivers
became godfather to a fire pump,
104
00:11:34,527 --> 00:11:37,947
At almost every corner,
a balloon was tethered.
105
00:11:38,072 --> 00:11:40,742
Sometimes on London's waterway.
106
00:11:43,244 --> 00:11:46,289
One side of a street might be
sunny and civilised,
107
00:11:46,414 --> 00:11:51,669
the other like a road in France with
army convoys hiding under the trees.
108
00:11:55,298 --> 00:11:59,260
In quiet backwaters of a civilian city,
its young men trained.
109
00:12:04,015 --> 00:12:06,851
It was a time for saying goodbye.
110
00:12:34,837 --> 00:12:36,422
Goodbye.
111
00:13:01,489 --> 00:13:03,199
Goodbye.
112
00:13:15,461 --> 00:13:18,881
They have gone off, like the children.
113
00:13:19,007 --> 00:13:21,217
But they have gone the other way.
114
00:13:26,472 --> 00:13:28,016
Goodbye.
115
00:13:50,538 --> 00:13:54,542
From the National Gallery the old
masters have gone into the country.
116
00:14:14,812 --> 00:14:19,275
Here is the British Museum, hallowed
by the footsteps of many nations.
117
00:14:19,400 --> 00:14:23,279
Scholars and students have
gone back to the busy world.
118
00:14:23,404 --> 00:14:27,116
Under this roof, men have ceased
racking their brains,
119
00:14:27,241 --> 00:14:30,536
and there is peace, even for dictators.
120
00:14:32,538 --> 00:14:34,248
And here is a hanging.
121
00:14:34,374 --> 00:14:36,584
Another gentleman
who is going to the country,
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00:14:36,709 --> 00:14:39,087
when they can get him off his pedestal.
123
00:14:43,716 --> 00:14:45,927
The pigeons' friend is going,
124
00:14:46,052 --> 00:14:50,556
but we have now a living cockney
monument built by cockney hands.
125
00:14:57,355 --> 00:15:00,608
Any Londoner wandering
round the East End
126
00:15:00,733 --> 00:15:04,153
would find the full picture
of a patient world.
127
00:15:04,278 --> 00:15:06,781
Of adaptability and enterprise.
128
00:15:10,326 --> 00:15:14,914
Of the plodding round of labour
in dangerous places.
129
00:15:17,291 --> 00:15:21,212
Of deep-water docks in the biggest
sea port in the world.
130
00:15:21,337 --> 00:15:23,798
Of the grooming of great ships.
131
00:15:23,923 --> 00:15:28,970
These must be hidden from aggressors
as they sail on their lawful occasions
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00:15:29,095 --> 00:15:31,514
bringing the people's food.
133
00:15:44,068 --> 00:15:49,240
Back in the West End
life is flowing by in the old channels.
134
00:15:50,074 --> 00:15:56,706
Till we see a map in a window
with flags of hope pinned on Poland.
135
00:15:56,831 --> 00:16:02,628
Warsaw, like London, was still
untouched in that first week of war.
136
00:16:02,753 --> 00:16:05,089
The nations were waiting.
137
00:16:05,214 --> 00:16:08,718
And in London, the men and women
of many nations were waiting
138
00:16:08,843 --> 00:16:10,803
to register as foreigners.
139
00:16:10,928 --> 00:16:13,306
100,000 people from other lands.
140
00:16:13,431 --> 00:16:18,936
They're part of London,
part of its broad culture, its tolerance.
141
00:16:22,231 --> 00:16:26,235
Some are without a homeland
when war comes passing by.
142
00:16:32,033 --> 00:16:35,578
Many Londoners' pets were killed
to avoid air-raid suffering.
143
00:16:35,703 --> 00:16:38,331
Others were evacuated.
144
00:16:44,378 --> 00:16:48,966
Animals were labelled like children
and taken to the country.
145
00:17:02,188 --> 00:17:05,399
For the women of London,
it was a revolution.
146
00:17:05,525 --> 00:17:07,944
The children were in the country,
147
00:17:08,069 --> 00:17:10,696
some of the men were in uniform.
148
00:17:10,821 --> 00:17:13,366
Others,
the anonymous million in mufti,
149
00:17:13,491 --> 00:17:16,869
kept alive the trade and industry
and arts of London.
150
00:17:18,204 --> 00:17:20,331
So the women had to face a new life.
151
00:17:22,500 --> 00:17:25,670
Above all, endurance
was the woman's inheritance.
152
00:17:29,507 --> 00:17:32,635
But in the new trappings,
there was the old spirit.
153
00:17:45,439 --> 00:17:51,028
♪ Wish me luck
as you wave me goodbye
154
00:17:51,153 --> 00:17:54,782
♪ Cheerio, here I go, on my way
155
00:17:56,492 --> 00:18:02,039
♪ Wish me luck
as you wave me goodbye
156
00:18:02,164 --> 00:18:05,418
♪ With a cheer not a tear... ♪
157
00:18:05,543 --> 00:18:09,422
♪ Mother dear, I'm writing you
from somewhere in France
158
00:18:09,547 --> 00:18:13,509
♪ Hoping this finds you well
159
00:18:13,634 --> 00:18:17,638
♪ Sergeant says I'm doing fine,
a soldier and a half!
160
00:18:17,763 --> 00:18:21,017
♪ Here's the song that we'll all sing,
this will make you laugh
161
00:18:21,142 --> 00:18:25,438
♪ We're gonna hang out the washing
on the Siegfried Line
162
00:18:25,563 --> 00:18:29,358
♪ Have you any dirty washing,
mother dear? ♪
163
00:18:29,483 --> 00:18:31,736
Night must fall.
164
00:18:31,861 --> 00:18:35,615
And with night will come for many
a wakeful sleep.
165
00:18:36,991 --> 00:18:42,580
On the darkest night, the gleaming river
may yet betray London.
166
00:18:42,705 --> 00:18:45,916
There are faithful sentries overhead.
167
00:18:46,042 --> 00:18:48,544
And from the ground, men watch.
168
00:18:52,006 --> 00:18:54,842
Through the long hours,
the droning night patrol is heard
169
00:18:54,967 --> 00:18:56,886
on a million pillows.
170
00:19:12,777 --> 00:19:17,657
In the West End, the safety men
test the lights in empty theatres.
171
00:19:17,782 --> 00:19:20,117
The playhouses of London are locked
for the first time
172
00:19:20,242 --> 00:19:23,746
since the Puritans closed them
nearly 300 years ago.
173
00:19:25,289 --> 00:19:28,542
But no one has ever stopped
the cockney voice of London.
174
00:19:41,931 --> 00:19:44,058
It is neither night nor day
175
00:19:44,183 --> 00:19:47,353
when we find again
the plodding round of labour.
176
00:19:50,356 --> 00:19:54,527
Night or day, it is always
the birthday of an aircraft.
177
00:20:00,157 --> 00:20:04,912
And in the blackout, with the streets
in almost total darkness,
178
00:20:05,037 --> 00:20:07,456
a city of shadows.
179
00:20:07,581 --> 00:20:11,001
The hospital is awake, ready.
180
00:20:11,127 --> 00:20:14,088
The hospital and the arsenal.
181
00:20:36,485 --> 00:20:39,905
Only one beam can be seen
from the sky.
182
00:20:42,533 --> 00:20:45,369
The beam that guides the gunner.
183
00:20:50,666 --> 00:20:53,085
No guns spoke through the night,
184
00:20:53,210 --> 00:20:56,505
and London, with relief,
turned to a new day.
185
00:21:08,309 --> 00:21:11,437
For this is not twilight that
has come to England.
186
00:21:11,562 --> 00:21:13,397
It is dawn.
187
00:21:13,522 --> 00:21:16,442
And dawn, we hope,
for more than England.
188
00:21:21,071 --> 00:21:25,075
And in the clear daylight
stands the London front,
189
00:21:25,201 --> 00:21:27,745
the front of the anonymous million,
190
00:21:27,870 --> 00:21:32,333
a civilian people whose name
has gone spinning across the world.
191
00:21:33,209 --> 00:21:36,879
London. London calling.
192
00:21:37,004 --> 00:21:41,509
And when you hear it, you know that
that front is still intact,
193
00:21:41,634 --> 00:21:44,386
and that its ideals are still cherished.
194
00:21:44,512 --> 00:21:49,517
You know that the grass is still growing
and babies are still being born.
195
00:21:49,642 --> 00:21:52,937
And men still whistle at their work
in England.
16461
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