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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:08,039 In 1985, I was 25 years old. 2 00:00:08,880 --> 00:00:13,800 On the night in question, I remember feeling absolutely shattered. 3 00:00:14,500 --> 00:00:19,100 I'd been out drinking for five days and nights with all these detectives, and I 4 00:00:19,100 --> 00:00:21,020 was pleased to get some sleep. 5 00:00:23,960 --> 00:00:26,340 Two o'clock in the morning, phone rang. 6 00:00:31,150 --> 00:00:36,050 It was my detective sergeant. He said, there's been an explosion on a boat. Can 7 00:00:36,050 --> 00:00:37,049 you come in? 8 00:00:37,050 --> 00:00:38,470 I'm like, oh, my gosh. 9 00:00:38,890 --> 00:00:42,830 So I was called to Auckland Central Police Station. 10 00:00:43,770 --> 00:00:48,110 The flagship of the environmental group Greenpeace was sunk today at the harbour 11 00:00:48,110 --> 00:00:49,110 in Auckland, New Zealand. 12 00:00:49,350 --> 00:00:53,330 One crew member was killed. There were two explosions on board the ship, and 13 00:00:53,330 --> 00:00:54,450 police call them suspicious. 14 00:00:55,000 --> 00:00:58,240 It became apparent we were dealing with a serious crime. 15 00:00:58,540 --> 00:01:02,500 Police in New Zealand say it was a bomb which sank the Greenpeace ship Rainbow 16 00:01:02,500 --> 00:01:05,319 Warrior. They're treating the death of a crewman as murder. 17 00:01:06,620 --> 00:01:08,180 Someone had been murdered. 18 00:01:09,260 --> 00:01:11,620 The boat had been deliberately destroyed. 19 00:01:13,180 --> 00:01:18,060 It started to wash over us. This was going to be one of the biggest police 20 00:01:18,060 --> 00:01:19,260 inquiries of the century. 21 00:01:23,050 --> 00:01:26,650 In New Zealand tonight, police are launching a major investigation into the 22 00:01:26,650 --> 00:01:28,530 explosions aboard the Rainbow Warrior. 23 00:01:30,510 --> 00:01:32,970 We consider this to be a scandal of the nuclear age. 24 00:01:34,090 --> 00:01:35,230 This was no accident. 25 00:01:38,170 --> 00:01:41,350 Somebody, somewhere, decided they wanted to blow up our boat. 26 00:01:44,010 --> 00:01:46,230 Things like this just don't happen in New Zealand. 27 00:01:47,290 --> 00:01:50,130 When you're powerful, you don't have to pay for your crimes. 28 00:01:53,190 --> 00:01:56,190 Murderers can't go unpunished. They've got to be exposed. 29 00:02:23,010 --> 00:02:29,390 have characters if you like almost like personalities and they have 30 00:02:29,390 --> 00:02:35,390 smells as well you know how evocative smell is 31 00:02:35,390 --> 00:02:41,190 well the warrior had that smell her deck had that smell in the heat when the tar 32 00:02:41,190 --> 00:02:45,270 would be melting a bit between the seams of the planks 33 00:02:45,270 --> 00:02:51,630 but she was not 34 00:02:51,960 --> 00:02:57,320 just a boat that was tangible, she also carried the intangible too. 35 00:02:58,380 --> 00:03:03,020 What we could do with her and what kind of hope she would carry and what kind 36 00:03:03,020 --> 00:03:06,200 of, all of that was part of what the warrior was as well. 37 00:03:06,540 --> 00:03:09,820 She was really, she was really a lovely ship. 38 00:03:18,380 --> 00:03:22,460 1985 was our year of protesting nuclear testing in the Pacific. 39 00:03:24,080 --> 00:03:28,360 We were eager to go out and try to change the world to someplace better. 40 00:03:30,060 --> 00:03:35,600 But before we took the Warrior halfway across the world, we found ourselves in 41 00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:36,600 Jacksonville, Florida. 42 00:03:37,540 --> 00:03:40,640 We had to get the Warrior ready to take on this campaign. 43 00:03:41,580 --> 00:03:44,520 We were turning the Warrior into a sailing boat. 44 00:03:46,440 --> 00:03:48,300 We had to put two masks on her. 45 00:03:49,700 --> 00:03:54,840 It was this really long, huge bit of steel that they were picking up with a 46 00:03:54,840 --> 00:03:55,840 crane. 47 00:03:56,900 --> 00:04:01,160 And we had put Rosemary and Danster Hooley around the collar and everything 48 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:04,880 before we dropped it onto the deck just to make sure she was going to, you know, 49 00:04:04,900 --> 00:04:09,540 have the right mojo to carry us across the ocean. 50 00:04:13,380 --> 00:04:15,060 Doing this work on the warrior. 51 00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:21,320 It was what joined us at the hip as a crew, making her a boat that we would 52 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:22,320 sail together. 53 00:04:28,260 --> 00:04:33,200 She was a North Sea trawler, and that's like saying she was built like a tank. 54 00:04:33,980 --> 00:04:39,220 You couldn't find a better boat to send a bunch of crazy hippies out with in the 55 00:04:39,220 --> 00:04:40,220 ocean. 56 00:04:41,460 --> 00:04:43,500 The warrior was a place of good energy. 57 00:04:44,359 --> 00:04:46,600 Everybody was there because they wanted to be. 58 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:52,320 They were there because they believed in what Greenpeace was trying to do. 59 00:04:53,620 --> 00:04:55,580 Martini was the first mate. 60 00:04:56,260 --> 00:04:58,680 He looked a little bit like Keith Richards. 61 00:05:00,620 --> 00:05:02,860 Davy Edwards was the first engineer. 62 00:05:04,280 --> 00:05:06,700 Hannah Sorensen was the second engineer. 63 00:05:07,540 --> 00:05:10,040 She already had a lot of history with Greenpeace. 64 00:05:10,580 --> 00:05:12,720 Just a beautiful worker. 65 00:05:13,740 --> 00:05:15,660 Hank Hasen was the third engineer. 66 00:05:17,080 --> 00:05:20,460 Hank and I were already a couple when we joined the Warrior. 67 00:05:21,620 --> 00:05:25,920 And then there was Pete, one of Greenpeace's best skippers. 68 00:05:28,320 --> 00:05:30,400 And then we had a photographer. 69 00:05:31,620 --> 00:05:36,300 Fernando Pereira was a wonderful laid-back guy, brilliant photographer. 70 00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:41,000 We had a darkroom on board, which was just really a cupboard. 71 00:05:41,680 --> 00:05:45,540 And he would be in there developing the photograph as we were going. 72 00:05:46,060 --> 00:05:49,180 That was part of the way of getting the story out there. 73 00:05:49,740 --> 00:05:55,460 And then we had Deccan's Grace O'Sullivan from Ireland, Andy Biederman, 74 00:05:55,660 --> 00:05:59,440 a Swiss doctor, and there was Bunny McDermott. 75 00:06:00,360 --> 00:06:02,020 She was a hard-working crew member. 76 00:06:06,900 --> 00:06:10,660 When I was in my 20s, I was traveling around the U.S. 77 00:06:11,600 --> 00:06:15,200 trying to figure out how to explain the world to myself. 78 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:22,040 You know, I liked music, I liked dancing, but what was my role and 79 00:06:22,040 --> 00:06:24,280 purpose in being in the world? 80 00:06:25,980 --> 00:06:27,440 And then I fell in love. 81 00:06:28,640 --> 00:06:30,440 Hank and I, we met in New Orleans. 82 00:06:31,860 --> 00:06:36,720 We both had, I think, quite a strong sense of what was fair and unfair. 83 00:06:38,500 --> 00:06:40,840 And then one day, we ran into a friend. 84 00:06:41,520 --> 00:06:45,140 He was telling us about the Warrior and what the Warrior was going to be doing 85 00:06:45,140 --> 00:06:47,080 and we thought, oh my God, that sounds wonderful. 86 00:06:47,420 --> 00:06:52,520 It was going to do the anti-nuclear campaign through the Pacific, which is 87 00:06:52,520 --> 00:06:53,520 where I was from. 88 00:06:55,380 --> 00:07:02,280 That's how I ended up on the Warrior for my first ever Greenpeace campaign. 89 00:07:11,370 --> 00:07:16,730 On the Warrior in 85, we were going to go to the Marshall Ions, where the U.S. 90 00:07:16,730 --> 00:07:19,430 tested nuclear bombs for many, many years. 91 00:07:20,110 --> 00:07:26,090 In less than a minute, you will see the most powerful explosion ever witnessed 92 00:07:26,090 --> 00:07:27,090 by human eyes. 93 00:07:27,570 --> 00:07:34,390 The U.S. started nuclear testing in the Pacific in 1946. 94 00:07:35,290 --> 00:07:38,290 They tested 67 nuclear bombs. 95 00:07:40,240 --> 00:07:45,720 Some of them larger than the ones that blew apart Nagasaki and Hiroshima in the 96 00:07:45,720 --> 00:07:46,720 Second World War. 97 00:07:47,900 --> 00:07:51,960 Five, four, three, two, one. 98 00:07:58,680 --> 00:08:03,820 And they chose a place that they thought that nobody would care about. 99 00:08:04,860 --> 00:08:06,640 And that was the Marshall Islands. 100 00:08:09,130 --> 00:08:14,590 The U.S. government told the Marshallese that it was for the good of all mankind. 101 00:08:16,670 --> 00:08:22,870 They said it was safe to detonate these horrendous things out in the middle of 102 00:08:22,870 --> 00:08:27,750 nowhere, but it's not out in the middle of nowhere for the people who live in 103 00:08:27,750 --> 00:08:28,750 the Pacific Islands. 104 00:08:33,549 --> 00:08:34,809 In 1985. 105 00:08:36,140 --> 00:08:38,580 The testing in the Marshall Islands was over. 106 00:08:39,299 --> 00:08:45,440 But the legacy of those tests, the contamination of both the people and the 107 00:08:45,440 --> 00:08:49,600 land, was still very much alive. 108 00:08:58,140 --> 00:09:02,340 There was one test called Bravo in 1954. 109 00:09:03,740 --> 00:09:05,520 The nuclear fallout. 110 00:09:06,090 --> 00:09:09,010 Like all the stuff that got sucked up in the explosion. 111 00:09:09,750 --> 00:09:13,190 The wind blew it all on these inhabited islands. 112 00:09:13,670 --> 00:09:16,350 One of the inhabited islands was Rongelap. 113 00:09:16,830 --> 00:09:22,290 The tremendous yield resulted in a serious fallout situation on Rigelap 114 00:09:22,290 --> 00:09:23,290 Atoll. 115 00:09:24,430 --> 00:09:25,570 These people. 116 00:09:27,790 --> 00:09:30,670 They were like guinea pigs, basically. 117 00:09:34,100 --> 00:09:36,900 . . 118 00:09:36,900 --> 00:09:45,680 . 119 00:09:45,680 --> 00:09:48,700 . . 120 00:10:03,340 --> 00:10:03,939 I don't know. 121 00:10:03,940 --> 00:10:04,940 I don't know. 122 00:10:05,540 --> 00:10:06,540 I don't know. 123 00:11:00,120 --> 00:11:01,520 I don't know. 124 00:11:26,599 --> 00:11:32,440 The U.S. were awarded the Marshall Islands after the Second World War 125 00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:34,380 to look after. 126 00:11:35,690 --> 00:11:40,670 And what they did was set up a nuclear testing program and bomb the shit out of 127 00:11:40,670 --> 00:11:46,870 people and then take no responsibility for what they did to them except to 128 00:11:46,870 --> 00:11:47,870 study them. 129 00:11:48,630 --> 00:11:53,350 The Marshallese caught by fallout got 175 wrenchings of radiation. 130 00:11:54,150 --> 00:11:57,290 These are fishing people, savages by our standards. 131 00:11:58,310 --> 00:12:03,030 So a cross-section was brought to Chicago for testing. The first was John, 132 00:12:03,230 --> 00:12:05,190 the mayor of Rongelap Atoll. 133 00:12:06,640 --> 00:12:13,480 We did not know the extent of the damage that was done by the nuclear testing in 134 00:12:13,480 --> 00:12:17,240 1954 until recently. 135 00:12:18,480 --> 00:12:23,660 From the beginning, the United States has been telling these people that there 136 00:12:23,660 --> 00:12:24,660 is nothing wrong. 137 00:12:24,820 --> 00:12:27,020 They can cover up the wrong thing they did. 138 00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:32,160 John, as we said, is a savage, but a happy, amenable savage. 139 00:12:33,040 --> 00:12:34,220 The Iron Room. 140 00:12:34,670 --> 00:12:36,950 is a radiation detector for human beings. 141 00:12:37,990 --> 00:12:40,350 One dot, one gamma ray. 142 00:12:45,390 --> 00:12:51,910 If we are okay, why are they coming twice a year to monitor our health? 143 00:12:55,310 --> 00:12:56,890 We know something is wrong. 144 00:12:59,730 --> 00:13:03,770 Even though we love this small island. 145 00:13:04,090 --> 00:13:08,610 It is highly contaminated by radioactivity. 146 00:13:10,410 --> 00:13:15,110 Every time I ask for assistance from the American government, 147 00:13:15,870 --> 00:13:22,810 seeking a better place for my people, I have 148 00:13:22,810 --> 00:13:24,330 never get any assistance. 149 00:13:26,750 --> 00:13:31,210 So we got in contact with the people of the Greenpeace organization. 150 00:13:33,420 --> 00:13:39,020 In 1985, the Rongelap Islanders appealed to Greenpeace to move them off 151 00:13:39,020 --> 00:13:42,080 Rongelap to another atoll. 152 00:13:43,200 --> 00:13:49,680 So of course we agreed making their story heard was important 153 00:13:49,680 --> 00:13:51,100 to all of us. 154 00:13:53,520 --> 00:14:00,380 We wanted to get press involved, and so we invited journalists 155 00:14:00,380 --> 00:14:01,580 to come with us. 156 00:14:03,720 --> 00:14:09,380 I had written about Greenpeace before, so I signed up. 157 00:14:10,600 --> 00:14:15,880 But this was perhaps the most ambitious thing they had ever done, and it was a 158 00:14:15,880 --> 00:14:16,880 huge risk. 159 00:14:17,420 --> 00:14:23,600 They were going to go and interfere with American affairs on a completely 160 00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:25,160 contaminated island. 161 00:14:37,960 --> 00:14:44,480 I became Secretary of State for Defence in January of 1983 and remained in that 162 00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:46,560 position until 1986. 163 00:14:47,220 --> 00:14:54,020 I was answerable to the Cabinet for the policies of the nation's defence. 164 00:14:54,460 --> 00:14:56,060 Ladies and gentlemen, the Prime Minister. 165 00:14:57,420 --> 00:15:01,980 At that time particularly, nuclear deterrence was essential. 166 00:15:02,400 --> 00:15:04,680 We face in the Soviet Union... 167 00:15:04,910 --> 00:15:09,550 A power whose declared aim is to bury Western civilization. 168 00:15:10,970 --> 00:15:16,030 In the 1980s, the USSR was a very real threat. 169 00:15:16,290 --> 00:15:21,490 The Russians had deployed a modernized nuclear deterrent system in large parts 170 00:15:21,490 --> 00:15:22,490 of Europe. 171 00:15:23,250 --> 00:15:27,790 There was no doubt whatsoever that democracy did need defending. 172 00:15:29,100 --> 00:15:34,920 The appropriate response was for us to have an equivalent of deterrence, which 173 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:38,040 took the form of the American cruise missile system. 174 00:15:39,220 --> 00:15:45,460 Based upon the partnership with America, our capability was real and up-to-date 175 00:15:45,460 --> 00:15:46,660 and effective. 176 00:15:47,220 --> 00:15:53,760 The cost of keeping tyranny at bay is high, but it must be paid. 177 00:16:03,930 --> 00:16:09,250 Greenpeace? Oh, of course. We all knew about Greenpeace. And I think some of us 178 00:16:09,250 --> 00:16:14,490 might have felt that there was a sort of legitimacy about the arguments they were 179 00:16:14,490 --> 00:16:15,490 deploying. 180 00:16:17,890 --> 00:16:22,490 But we might have hesitated about the techniques that they adopted. 181 00:16:23,870 --> 00:16:25,790 People thought we were crazy. 182 00:16:29,390 --> 00:16:32,070 This is pre-internet, pre-mobile phones. 183 00:16:33,430 --> 00:16:37,730 We were doing something about issues rather than just talking. 184 00:16:38,190 --> 00:16:40,470 Doing nothing is part of the problem. 185 00:16:41,190 --> 00:16:43,510 We didn't care who we angered. 186 00:16:44,550 --> 00:16:48,110 We swung right in front of the harpoon. Whale-killing boat stopped dead in its 187 00:16:48,110 --> 00:16:49,110 tracks. 188 00:16:51,550 --> 00:16:56,270 Greenpeace was notified that the Rainbow Warrior could be arrested if she was 189 00:16:56,270 --> 00:16:57,810 found in Spanish waters. 190 00:16:58,460 --> 00:17:00,480 I mean, I've been arrested about a dozen times. 191 00:17:05,099 --> 00:17:08,660 And I was not willing to stay home and watch the world go to hell. 192 00:17:08,940 --> 00:17:11,960 Nuclear weight tipped overboard by a British ship. 193 00:17:14,359 --> 00:17:17,960 Corporations and governments were always threatening them. 194 00:17:18,540 --> 00:17:22,260 And they were just putting up two fingers and getting on with it. 195 00:17:24,819 --> 00:17:27,260 That meant they had a lot of enemies. 196 00:17:28,650 --> 00:17:34,770 I don't think any of us were worried about safety, but 197 00:17:34,770 --> 00:17:39,370 we were in it to live, not to die. 198 00:18:01,040 --> 00:18:07,560 sailing across the Pacific as an American, thinking about what we had 199 00:18:07,560 --> 00:18:08,560 done. 200 00:18:09,320 --> 00:18:14,520 The role the U.S. government played there, for me, the sense of 201 00:18:14,520 --> 00:18:16,300 responsibility was profound. 202 00:18:19,020 --> 00:18:22,940 I grew up in Connecticut, on the water. 203 00:18:25,020 --> 00:18:26,980 My family were sailors. 204 00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:33,800 There was a time when I might have become a professional yacht racer but i 205 00:18:33,800 --> 00:18:40,300 was number one in the draft lottery in the 1970s i was expected to go to 206 00:18:40,300 --> 00:18:46,620 vietnam to fight but vietnam war is nothing i wanted to get involved with 207 00:18:46,620 --> 00:18:53,000 and i was the ceo conscientious objector wasn't going to happen 208 00:18:53,000 --> 00:18:59,700 i read about greenpeace in a book and i just fell in love with it i fell in love 209 00:18:59,700 --> 00:19:00,700 with 210 00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:02,060 sailing for a purpose. 211 00:19:02,620 --> 00:19:04,400 And so I joined in 1981. 212 00:19:05,540 --> 00:19:08,940 I was told they would take me on as a possible deckhand. 213 00:19:10,860 --> 00:19:17,100 Within three months, I was captain of the boat, and I never wanted to get up. 214 00:19:39,560 --> 00:19:41,980 Sailing into Rongelap was quite extraordinary. 215 00:19:43,800 --> 00:19:46,220 Because it is extraordinarily beautiful. 216 00:19:47,280 --> 00:19:50,000 And you know, you can't see nuclear contamination. 217 00:19:53,360 --> 00:19:55,440 We arrived on the beach. 218 00:19:56,540 --> 00:20:01,220 They were singing to us, welcoming us to Rongelap. 219 00:20:06,160 --> 00:20:07,820 It felt warm. 220 00:20:08,520 --> 00:20:12,000 and welcoming, and kind of sad, too. 221 00:20:12,540 --> 00:20:13,820 They were sad. 222 00:20:14,520 --> 00:20:16,220 It was hard for them. 223 00:20:16,680 --> 00:20:21,420 You know, they were leaving their home, their ancestral land. 224 00:20:24,040 --> 00:20:30,780 When we first arrived, we were just shocked by realizing what we had 225 00:20:30,780 --> 00:20:36,860 volunteered to do, taking 350 people and their housing. 226 00:20:37,710 --> 00:20:40,450 across the open ocean to another atoll. 227 00:20:41,110 --> 00:20:42,610 That's a huge operation. 228 00:20:44,170 --> 00:20:48,150 We loaded the warrior to the gunnels. 229 00:20:48,390 --> 00:20:52,270 It was unbelievable how much we put on that boat. 230 00:20:54,250 --> 00:20:59,610 We also had all these plastic buckets on board, and I remember having a fight 231 00:20:59,610 --> 00:21:03,850 with... Martini, the first mate, when we left Jacksonville, Florida, because we 232 00:21:03,850 --> 00:21:06,730 were given all these plastic buckets there and I was being all righteous 233 00:21:06,730 --> 00:21:09,170 about, no, we cannot take plastic to the Pacific. 234 00:21:09,450 --> 00:21:13,310 And he was like, load the buckets, Bunny. I'm the first mate. Like, put 235 00:21:13,310 --> 00:21:16,350 them on board. And I go, OK, we're loading the buckets. 236 00:21:16,890 --> 00:21:22,090 And I was so grateful because some of the Rongelap people got really seasick. 237 00:21:23,390 --> 00:21:27,750 So those buckets came in really handy, just dishing them out all over the 238 00:21:27,750 --> 00:21:30,230 place. Thank God he's the first mate, not me. 239 00:21:37,030 --> 00:21:42,490 We became aware that some of their children were quite ill as a result of 240 00:21:42,490 --> 00:21:43,490 the radiation. 241 00:21:44,490 --> 00:21:50,590 It was frightening to discover every person on Rangalap had a scar on their 242 00:21:50,590 --> 00:21:52,550 throat where their thyroid had been taken out. 243 00:21:55,630 --> 00:21:57,530 I think we actually did four trips. 244 00:21:58,870 --> 00:22:04,530 It was 11 days of us going backwards and forwards all the time. 245 00:22:04,730 --> 00:22:10,670 Fernando, our photographer, he took lots and lots of photos. 246 00:22:13,410 --> 00:22:15,010 He was a wonderful photographer. 247 00:22:29,420 --> 00:22:32,060 The island we moved them to was an island called Majato. 248 00:22:33,960 --> 00:22:40,320 It was about 150, 180 miles away from their contaminated atoll. 249 00:22:41,180 --> 00:22:43,000 No other community lived there. 250 00:22:43,980 --> 00:22:48,400 So they could stay intact as a community. 251 00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:53,140 But there was also a reason why there was no community living on there. 252 00:22:53,900 --> 00:22:58,420 It wasn't great for growing and wasn't great for fishing either. 253 00:23:00,010 --> 00:23:01,390 But it wasn't contaminated. 254 00:23:02,810 --> 00:23:06,390 And we got them there and we got them, all their stuff landed. 255 00:23:07,490 --> 00:23:09,210 And that's where they sit today. 256 00:23:19,070 --> 00:23:23,030 I had never experienced anything like that before in my life. 257 00:23:25,770 --> 00:23:29,090 It affected us all, I think, to see 258 00:23:30,230 --> 00:23:31,910 What had happened to these people? 259 00:23:37,050 --> 00:23:42,970 It wasn't so much as a political event as just helping a group of people out. 260 00:23:44,970 --> 00:23:48,330 It was really one of the best things I ever did in Greenpeace, for sure. 261 00:23:57,830 --> 00:24:00,090 That was quite... hard to say goodbye to them. 262 00:24:00,730 --> 00:24:06,670 But we had a campaign that we were on, and another part of the Pacific, nuclear 263 00:24:06,670 --> 00:24:08,390 testing, was still going on. 264 00:24:09,610 --> 00:24:14,510 That summer, the French were going to conduct a nuclear test out in French 265 00:24:14,510 --> 00:24:15,510 Polynesia. 266 00:24:16,290 --> 00:24:20,290 After we'd moved the Rongelap people, it certainly made us ever more determined 267 00:24:20,290 --> 00:24:23,330 to do whatever we could to stop that from happening. 268 00:24:28,460 --> 00:24:31,240 hidden in the vast expanse of the South Pacific Ocean. 269 00:24:32,060 --> 00:24:35,900 Murowa is situated on the outward reaches of an area known as French 270 00:24:35,900 --> 00:24:40,400 Polynesia, a cluster of tiny Pacific islands under the colonial rule of the 271 00:24:40,400 --> 00:24:41,400 government of France. 272 00:24:43,960 --> 00:24:47,900 The French had been nuclear weapons testing in the Pacific since the mid 273 00:24:47,900 --> 00:24:53,180 -60s. They mostly tested at Murowa Atoll in French Polynesia. 274 00:25:01,820 --> 00:25:06,860 And they tested the buff ground until the early 70s. 275 00:25:07,260 --> 00:25:11,400 And then they started doing underground nuclear tests. 276 00:25:13,480 --> 00:25:19,040 Holes were bored underneath the center of the atoll, deep into the coral. 277 00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:22,780 And that's where they set off their bombs. 278 00:25:23,740 --> 00:25:26,600 And of course, coral shatters very easily. 279 00:25:28,300 --> 00:25:31,300 The explosions caused cracks in the reefs. 280 00:25:31,620 --> 00:25:36,780 It was widely believed that all these cracks were letting the radioactivity 281 00:25:36,780 --> 00:25:37,780 out. 282 00:25:40,300 --> 00:25:44,100 The French were endangering the health of the Polynesians. 283 00:25:46,420 --> 00:25:51,700 But of course, the French said it was perfectly safe. 284 00:25:57,980 --> 00:26:02,780 They were still testing when other people had given up. 285 00:26:25,360 --> 00:26:29,120 I was in the army when the first French nuclear tests took place in the Sahara. 286 00:26:30,620 --> 00:26:35,700 Some of them almost got contaminated because I knew they were in the Sahara. 287 00:26:36,580 --> 00:26:40,300 And unfortunately, or fortunately, fortunately for the nuclear capacities 288 00:26:40,300 --> 00:26:45,100 of France, unfortunately for the French energy policy, it was decided to conduct 289 00:26:45,100 --> 00:26:48,920 submarine tests, or at least in areas where we lived, where we could not live. 290 00:26:49,220 --> 00:26:50,520 That's how it was chosen. 291 00:27:08,500 --> 00:27:09,180 The Warriors 292 00:27:09,180 --> 00:27:19,540 of 293 00:27:19,540 --> 00:27:24,170 the Rainbow, heroes of many famous campaigns, are now in Auckland on a new 294 00:27:24,170 --> 00:27:27,770 campaign to try to stop French nuclear testing in the Pacific. 295 00:27:28,730 --> 00:27:34,450 So the plan was that we'd be in New Zealand for about two weeks so that we 296 00:27:34,450 --> 00:27:38,190 could resupply and then we'd leave for Muroroa. 297 00:27:38,910 --> 00:27:42,310 Now, Bunny, I think you're the only Kiwi member of this crew. What's it been 298 00:27:42,310 --> 00:27:44,470 like, the trip? You haven't got bored or desperate? 299 00:27:44,890 --> 00:27:45,930 No, not yet. 300 00:27:46,890 --> 00:27:48,970 Are you going back to Muroroa? Yes. 301 00:27:49,510 --> 00:27:52,210 Well, not going back. It'll be the first time I've been there. 302 00:27:53,800 --> 00:27:57,400 Our plans were to stop them from testing. 303 00:27:58,900 --> 00:28:02,580 And we were going to do that by sailing into Moreroa. 304 00:28:03,020 --> 00:28:07,600 We were going to go into territorial waters without permission and get as 305 00:28:07,600 --> 00:28:10,220 close as we could to the nuclear testing site. 306 00:28:10,660 --> 00:28:16,180 So they would be too nervous to test while we were there, or they would have 307 00:28:16,180 --> 00:28:20,080 to remove us. But this was a military base, which was off limits. 308 00:28:22,350 --> 00:28:24,590 We are ready to be arrested. 309 00:28:26,310 --> 00:28:33,230 But we also had the capacity to take photographs, send them out and tell 310 00:28:33,230 --> 00:28:39,930 a story about what was going on, and then add that to the opposition that we 311 00:28:39,930 --> 00:28:44,970 were trying to build globally with others to drive more nuclear 312 00:28:44,970 --> 00:28:45,970 disarmament. 313 00:28:51,340 --> 00:28:58,140 for the abolition of nuclear weapons was very largely run by people on the 314 00:28:58,140 --> 00:28:59,140 left of politics. 315 00:28:59,640 --> 00:29:03,300 That's not to say that it was exclusively of the left. The 316 00:29:03,300 --> 00:29:09,220 organisations and the leaders of the campaign were all 317 00:29:09,220 --> 00:29:12,620 associated with left-wing organisations. 318 00:29:13,780 --> 00:29:18,720 I have not the slightest doubt that there were people who were sympathisers 319 00:29:18,720 --> 00:29:20,100 with the communist cause. 320 00:29:24,970 --> 00:29:28,430 I was, at that time, a junior minister in the Foreign Office. 321 00:29:28,630 --> 00:29:31,890 I was given responsibility for our relations with the Soviet Union and 322 00:29:31,890 --> 00:29:33,990 Eastern Europe, all the communist countries. 323 00:29:34,370 --> 00:29:38,330 People really did believe that Greenpeace were infiltrated by the KGB. 324 00:29:38,930 --> 00:29:43,230 Well, they might very well have been. Of course they would want to encourage 325 00:29:43,230 --> 00:29:47,490 organisations of that kind. It was a very tense period. 326 00:29:48,050 --> 00:29:52,330 The people who would get most satisfaction if Greenpeace had had its 327 00:29:52,330 --> 00:29:55,160 way... would have been the guy sitting in the Kremlin. 328 00:29:56,420 --> 00:29:58,520 Yeah, that's a factor that can never be ignored. 329 00:30:01,520 --> 00:30:06,520 I don't have the information as to who was a Soviet student, who was not, but 330 00:30:06,520 --> 00:30:07,840 I'm sure they existed. 331 00:30:10,680 --> 00:30:14,340 I mean, infiltrating Greenpeace is like trying to infiltrate the YMCA. 332 00:30:15,400 --> 00:30:20,340 But we weren't protesting anything that was against the U.S. or against France 333 00:30:20,340 --> 00:30:21,920 or that wasn't against Russia. 334 00:30:24,380 --> 00:30:27,840 I mean, they had a perfectly legitimate right to make their views known. 335 00:30:29,760 --> 00:30:33,800 But from the government's point of view, they'd obviously created problems of a 336 00:30:33,800 --> 00:30:35,440 kind that we could well do without. 337 00:30:53,740 --> 00:30:57,060 That night, the sun sets about 5.30 in the afternoon. 338 00:30:57,660 --> 00:31:02,600 Our campaign manager, it was his birthday that night, so we had a party. 339 00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:11,780 We all sang him happy birthday and had a piece of cake, some wine, 340 00:31:11,840 --> 00:31:14,040 and then danced. 341 00:31:15,300 --> 00:31:17,540 People just burned off steam. 342 00:31:19,520 --> 00:31:22,420 Everyone loved dancing, loved music, yeah. 343 00:31:23,760 --> 00:31:24,760 It was fun. 344 00:31:26,420 --> 00:31:29,700 People were really excited about the next stage of the campaign. 345 00:31:30,880 --> 00:31:34,240 We were eager to go out and try to change the world. 346 00:31:37,700 --> 00:31:41,380 Sometimes change can happen when you least expect it. 347 00:31:46,500 --> 00:31:49,200 Hank and I left around 10 o'clock. 348 00:31:49,560 --> 00:31:51,880 We were going to stay with my parents that night. 349 00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:57,020 The party, it went on and on. 350 00:31:57,820 --> 00:32:01,040 Some of the crew members, they went off into town that night. 351 00:32:02,040 --> 00:32:03,540 I went to bed at 10 o'clock. 352 00:32:04,620 --> 00:32:10,540 I hanged my glasses up on the bookshelf that was right there, and they stayed 353 00:32:10,540 --> 00:32:11,960 there through any kind of weather. 354 00:32:12,900 --> 00:32:16,780 I went to sleep, feeling like there was not a problem in the world. 355 00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:33,240 All of a sudden, I was awake. 356 00:32:34,640 --> 00:32:38,560 My first thought was, have we hit somebody? Is it my fault? 357 00:32:40,140 --> 00:32:42,020 I looked out my forward porthole. 358 00:32:44,560 --> 00:32:47,760 I could see the lights of the dock, which meant we were tied to it. 359 00:32:49,060 --> 00:32:50,940 And I lay back down, relieved. 360 00:32:52,640 --> 00:32:55,400 Then I realized I could hear the generators had gone off. 361 00:32:59,760 --> 00:33:00,760 Something's not right. 362 00:33:03,310 --> 00:33:04,530 So that's when I got up. 363 00:33:06,030 --> 00:33:07,890 Everything in my room was upside down. 364 00:33:09,650 --> 00:33:10,850 My glasses were gone. 365 00:33:15,090 --> 00:33:18,330 Ten meters down the hall, there's the engine room door. 366 00:33:19,550 --> 00:33:22,370 That's where I saw Davey looking at the water rising. 367 00:33:24,270 --> 00:33:27,990 Then I realized that that space was now underwater, and that was full of people. 368 00:33:28,050 --> 00:33:30,570 Maybe 15 people were sleeping back there. 369 00:33:31,720 --> 00:33:33,720 And then the second explosion happened. 370 00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:36,940 The whole boat jumped up. 371 00:33:39,340 --> 00:33:41,660 There's really something bad going on. 372 00:33:44,020 --> 00:33:46,660 So that's when I shout, abandon ship. 373 00:33:47,820 --> 00:33:49,540 We have to get people out of here. 374 00:33:55,140 --> 00:33:59,800 I crawled up on the dock and stood there looking at the boat sinking into the 375 00:33:59,800 --> 00:34:00,800 water. 376 00:34:12,810 --> 00:34:15,510 The whole boat sank in 40 seconds. 377 00:34:21,870 --> 00:34:25,469 As a captain, your biggest concern is the safety of the crew. 378 00:34:26,670 --> 00:34:33,489 When I was standing there on the dock, I realized Hannah and Fernando, they were 379 00:34:33,489 --> 00:34:34,489 missing. 380 00:34:35,870 --> 00:34:38,570 And I thought, Fernando always goes into town. 381 00:34:39,110 --> 00:34:40,590 But Hannah... 382 00:34:40,920 --> 00:34:42,620 She never went off the ship at night. 383 00:34:42,960 --> 00:34:46,900 She was one of the people who just didn't go out partying. 384 00:34:48,980 --> 00:34:55,320 The phone rang around 2 o'clock in the morning, and it was 385 00:34:55,320 --> 00:34:56,400 Martini calling. 386 00:35:00,620 --> 00:35:07,520 He told us that the boat had sunk. 387 00:35:08,420 --> 00:35:10,040 It wasn't believable. 388 00:35:12,780 --> 00:35:18,740 And so we both went straight down to the harbour. 389 00:35:24,480 --> 00:35:31,360 It was dark still, but we could see the warrior laid 390 00:35:31,360 --> 00:35:33,520 on her side against the dock. 391 00:35:35,180 --> 00:35:37,800 That's the only thing I remember of seeing her. 392 00:35:41,550 --> 00:35:44,170 At this point, we're just stumbling along in the dark. 393 00:35:46,310 --> 00:35:49,230 We were worried and upset about Hannah. 394 00:35:50,430 --> 00:35:53,650 As second engineer, she would have gone down and been checking something. 395 00:35:54,730 --> 00:35:56,310 That's what we were convinced of. 396 00:35:57,230 --> 00:36:01,870 We shined a light down into the engine room, and 397 00:36:01,870 --> 00:36:07,870 all we saw was thick, greasy black water six feet from the surface. 398 00:36:11,950 --> 00:36:18,030 Figured my chances of jumping down 10 feet into freezing water, finding scuba 399 00:36:18,030 --> 00:36:25,030 gear and going down into a cabin where I might find somebody, they were just 400 00:36:25,030 --> 00:36:26,030 not very high. 401 00:36:31,370 --> 00:36:32,590 And I chickened out. 402 00:36:33,270 --> 00:36:35,230 I wished I had tried, but I didn't. 403 00:36:40,940 --> 00:36:45,200 She was just a real infectious, happy young woman. 404 00:36:46,520 --> 00:36:47,840 Brilliant and beautiful. 405 00:36:48,700 --> 00:36:51,860 It was just devastating to think that she was gone. 406 00:37:08,520 --> 00:37:11,140 And about 10 minutes later, the Ockham police showed up. 407 00:37:11,660 --> 00:37:16,080 Everybody was taken across to the police station that was right across the 408 00:37:16,080 --> 00:37:17,080 street. 409 00:37:20,660 --> 00:37:22,540 And that's where I found Hannah. 410 00:37:25,640 --> 00:37:32,540 She had gone off for a walk, which we were incredibly 411 00:37:32,540 --> 00:37:33,540 glad for. 412 00:37:34,760 --> 00:37:36,440 I've never been that relieved. 413 00:37:42,830 --> 00:37:46,810 And I put my arm around her, and we walked back into the rest of the crew. 414 00:37:51,770 --> 00:37:56,530 And that's when Davey came up to me and said, Fernando's down there. 415 00:38:01,290 --> 00:38:06,090 He didn't go out into town that night, and he was missing. 416 00:38:08,300 --> 00:38:13,940 Hank and I, we went straight away to where the crew were staying to find out 417 00:38:13,940 --> 00:38:15,560 from them what was going on. 418 00:38:17,400 --> 00:38:23,540 They told us there was a strong possibility we'd lost Fernando. 419 00:38:27,960 --> 00:38:29,800 Police divers came. 420 00:38:32,600 --> 00:38:36,540 Of course, we spilled a whole shipload of fuel into Auckland Harbour. 421 00:38:38,190 --> 00:38:40,290 So much they couldn't get down through the fuel. 422 00:38:43,030 --> 00:38:47,910 When the Navy dive team came three hours later, they were able to get through it 423 00:38:47,910 --> 00:38:53,070 and find Fernando dead in his cabin. 424 00:38:55,470 --> 00:38:57,370 And they brought him up out of the water. 425 00:39:01,010 --> 00:39:04,830 There was stuff coming out of his mouth from the decomposition of the lungs. 426 00:39:07,790 --> 00:39:09,790 It was all so unreal at that point. 427 00:39:12,050 --> 00:39:13,630 I was pretty stunned. 428 00:39:16,690 --> 00:39:22,750 I mean, everybody was just disbelieving that 429 00:39:22,750 --> 00:39:26,470 that happened and that he was gone. 430 00:39:32,030 --> 00:39:35,510 And we were just realizing that we had lost one of us. 431 00:39:39,950 --> 00:39:43,270 You know, and not knowing why or how. 432 00:39:48,710 --> 00:39:52,970 After the first bomb, he went down to get his camera gear, of that I have no 433 00:39:52,970 --> 00:39:57,010 doubt, and when he was down there, the second bomb went off, and that's what 434 00:39:57,010 --> 00:40:00,170 trapped him in his cabin, and it flooded probably instantly. 435 00:40:06,670 --> 00:40:10,710 Being a part of Greenpeace was something that he was willing to dedicate his life 436 00:40:10,710 --> 00:40:11,710 to. 437 00:40:13,230 --> 00:40:16,610 But he wasn't willing to give up his life for it. 438 00:40:25,970 --> 00:40:30,590 Rainbow Warrior now lies sinking in New Zealand's Auckland Harbour after two 439 00:40:30,590 --> 00:40:31,710 explosions on board. 440 00:40:32,330 --> 00:40:35,990 Two explosions killed one crewman. Police said no cause has been 441 00:40:35,990 --> 00:40:36,990 determined. 442 00:40:38,950 --> 00:40:41,990 In the morning, everyone was trying to figure out what could have happened. 443 00:40:43,930 --> 00:40:45,030 Like, was it us? 444 00:40:46,430 --> 00:40:50,130 Some of the crew members were concerned about the possibility of something in 445 00:40:50,130 --> 00:40:51,130 the engine room. 446 00:40:51,450 --> 00:40:53,210 And it could have exploded like that. 447 00:40:53,710 --> 00:40:57,590 But I knew there was nothing that could have gone off like that on board. 448 00:40:58,890 --> 00:40:59,990 I felt sure. 449 00:41:00,650 --> 00:41:01,750 that it wasn't us. 450 00:41:04,310 --> 00:41:09,150 That night, I was told that a boat had blown up in the harbour. 451 00:41:10,490 --> 00:41:16,190 The initial police thoughts were that it perhaps had been a gas explosion on 452 00:41:16,190 --> 00:41:17,190 board the boat. 453 00:41:17,210 --> 00:41:24,010 However, they were putting together a team just in case it was 454 00:41:24,010 --> 00:41:25,010 more serious. 455 00:41:29,070 --> 00:41:32,750 Throughout the early hours of the morning, we got a chance to look at the 456 00:41:32,750 --> 00:41:34,830 damage that had been caused to the boat. 457 00:41:37,530 --> 00:41:41,610 It became apparent that it wasn't a simple gas explosion. 458 00:41:43,870 --> 00:41:45,730 One of the divers came up. 459 00:41:46,430 --> 00:41:48,450 I was standing right there when he did. 460 00:41:49,090 --> 00:41:52,490 He said, all the plates are going angled in. 461 00:41:53,910 --> 00:41:56,010 That indicates an explosion. 462 00:41:56,990 --> 00:41:59,210 occurred from the outside of the boat. 463 00:42:01,250 --> 00:42:05,450 After that, their attitude changed significantly. 464 00:42:06,610 --> 00:42:10,290 It became apparent we were dealing with a serious crime. 465 00:42:11,210 --> 00:42:15,670 There was a hole the size of a truck on the side of the ship. 466 00:42:16,970 --> 00:42:21,910 Bombs had actually been fitted to the hull and propeller. 467 00:42:22,490 --> 00:42:24,970 The boat had been deliberately destroyed. 468 00:42:25,720 --> 00:42:30,980 The next morning, things really started to ramp up into a full homicide inquiry. 469 00:42:31,540 --> 00:42:35,600 The indications are that whoever planted such a device, and we're assuming they 470 00:42:35,600 --> 00:42:37,660 did, that they did know what they were doing. 471 00:42:38,500 --> 00:42:44,560 It started to wash over us just how serious this was. 472 00:42:46,480 --> 00:42:48,980 We never had a crime like that. 473 00:42:56,840 --> 00:43:02,600 We had a phone call to say, those people you're looking for are in our office 474 00:43:02,600 --> 00:43:04,760 now. We were like, keep them there. 475 00:43:05,020 --> 00:43:07,140 So I was starting to feel pressure. 476 00:43:07,460 --> 00:43:11,240 You could clearly see they were anything but tourists. 477 00:43:11,500 --> 00:43:16,440 And gradually you start to wonder, who the hell am I dealing with here? 40182

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