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After the Germans defeated France,
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00:00:05,727 --> 00:00:09,977
their soldier was sent to Paris
for rest and recreation.
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00:00:21,437 --> 00:00:26,309
One of the soldiers on leave, is 19 years old,
Lieutenant August von Kageneck.
4
00:00:27,217 --> 00:00:29,998
His unit did not take part
in the France campaign.
5
00:00:30,675 --> 00:00:32,942
He is visiting the city
for the first time.
6
00:00:34,140 --> 00:00:35,192
He writes:
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00:00:35,290 --> 00:00:38,000
We are given very strict instructions. i>
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00:00:38,102 --> 00:00:42,585
We must impeccably dressed, and avoid
all contact with the population. i>
9
00:00:43,014 --> 00:00:45,325
We're inventing mass tourism. i>
10
00:00:48,206 --> 00:00:50,564
The French refuse to look at them.
11
00:00:55,430 --> 00:00:57,820
Some, have started to fight back.
12
00:00:59,137 --> 00:01:02,012
These two men who sabotage telephone lines
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00:01:02,177 --> 00:01:05,516
will be the first to be executed by the German� .
14
00:01:06,343 --> 00:01:11,125
The new French state, under the authoritarian rule
of Mar�chal Petain,
15
00:01:11,242 --> 00:01:14,195
chooses to collaborate with Germany.
16
00:01:14,768 --> 00:01:17,474
Petain promulgates a set of
anti Jewish statutes
17
00:01:17,633 --> 00:01:20,481
that excludes Jews from public life.
18
00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:24,004
He and Hitler have shaken hands.
19
00:01:26,828 --> 00:01:29,706
Everyday, the Wehrmacht parades.
20
00:01:35,615 --> 00:01:40,580
The Germans occupy the capital cities
of Europe
21
00:01:41,075 --> 00:01:45,773
After Prague and Warsaw,
Brussels, Luxemburg, The Hague,
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00:01:45,874 --> 00:01:47,873
Copenhagen, and Oslo,
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but not London.
24
00:01:53,289 --> 00:01:56,497
February 1941, in the suburbs of London.
25
00:01:57,757 --> 00:02:03,043
Rose, who is only 3, has already lived
through 2 years of war.
26
00:02:04,471 --> 00:02:08,813
Timing & Viet by jdinic3@podnapisi
English by godlob@IDWS
27
00:02:22,523 --> 00:02:24,558
Rose is brave,
28
00:02:24,629 --> 00:02:27,583
and bravery is called for in Britain.
29
00:02:28,292 --> 00:02:31,395
3/6
Shock
30
00:02:47,727 --> 00:02:52,831
Great Britain's cities had been devastated
by German bombs.
31
00:02:55,505 --> 00:02:58,428
But the country stands firm
around Churchill
32
00:02:58,852 --> 00:03:01,615
and with the providential aid
of Roosevelt.
33
00:03:04,327 --> 00:03:09,643
Roosevelt has just been re-elected for third term
as President of the United States.
34
00:03:10,096 --> 00:03:13,830
Though American opinion remain opposed to war,
he declares
35
00:03:14,161 --> 00:03:17,736
We must be the great arsenal
of democracy. i>
36
00:03:18,805 --> 00:03:23,357
Only part of the equipment he sends
to Great Britain gets through.
37
00:03:26,018 --> 00:03:29,360
Every British ship at sea
is in a great danger.
38
00:03:31,219 --> 00:03:35,215
The Atlantic ocean is crawled
by the German submarines.
39
00:03:39,465 --> 00:03:42,789
Their periscopes seek out
British vessels.
40
00:04:00,675 --> 00:04:01,968
Churchill is worried.
41
00:04:02,028 --> 00:04:04,473
Soon, nothing will get through
42
00:04:04,606 --> 00:04:07,756
and the outcome of the war
seems uncertain.
43
00:04:09,087 --> 00:04:13,866
Great Britain is an island,
This is an advantage as well as a disadvantage.
44
00:04:14,293 --> 00:04:18,462
But it is the best hope for the countries
under occupation.
45
00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:25,773
The German submarines, or U-boats, now have
the French harbors at their disposals.
46
00:04:26,895 --> 00:04:30,484
Grouped into packs, using torpedoes
and cannons
47
00:04:30,557 --> 00:04:36,186
These 'Wolves of the Atlantics' succeeded in sinking
4,000,000 tons of British shipping.
48
00:04:36,299 --> 00:04:38,853
in 1941 alone.
49
00:04:51,712 --> 00:04:56,599
Here, German submariners toss loafs of bread
to a shipwrecked crew
50
00:04:56,666 --> 00:04:59,717
who have almost no chance of surviving.
51
00:05:06,266 --> 00:05:10,029
They will die of thirst, of hunger, of cold
52
00:05:10,527 --> 00:05:12,746
or by choking on oil.
53
00:05:18,769 --> 00:05:21,427
Hitler is delighted with the success
of his submarines
54
00:05:21,519 --> 00:05:25,405
but America's massive re-armament
program worries him.
55
00:05:27,800 --> 00:05:29,865
He tells his secretary, Bormann,
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00:05:29,942 --> 00:05:33,797
In one year, The United States will be
ready to go to war. I>
57
00:05:33,835 --> 00:05:37,251
If we are to face them, we need
more war materials. i>
58
00:05:37,420 --> 00:05:39,730
those materials are in the East. i>
59
00:05:40,170 --> 00:05:42,403
We need to conquer
that 'Living Space'. I>
60
00:05:42,895 --> 00:05:45,905
then, Britain will lose all hope,
and make peace, i>
61
00:05:46,274 --> 00:05:48,815
and it will be too late for
the Americans. i>
62
00:05:48,905 --> 00:05:52,315
Let us attack Russia
as soon as possible. i>
63
00:05:53,278 --> 00:05:57,008
Hitler codenamed the plan
"Operation Barbarossa"
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00:05:57,075 --> 00:06:00,323
after the medieval emperor,
Frederick Barbarossa.
65
00:06:02,403 --> 00:06:05,972
The Wehrmacht started to concentrate
its troop in the East.
66
00:06:06,846 --> 00:06:09,848
Lieutenant von Kageneck leaves
for Poland.
67
00:06:14,121 --> 00:06:18,597
Polish prisoners and Jews have been put to work
in various construction projects.
68
00:06:19,258 --> 00:06:21,997
Hitler wants to build a motorway
across Poland
69
00:06:22,061 --> 00:06:25,863
in order to move his army over to
the new border of the Russia.
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00:06:36,166 --> 00:06:39,041
This is where the 9th Panzer Division
is installed
71
00:06:39,091 --> 00:06:41,810
along with von Kageneck's regiment.
72
00:06:41,930 --> 00:06:42,920
He writes:
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00:06:43,026 --> 00:06:45,354
Next to us is an SS youth. i>
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00:06:45,454 --> 00:06:49,331
The commander asks:
- Do you want to see a Jew? I>
75
00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:52,408
He makes a sign and a soldier
brings over a little man. i>
76
00:06:53,216 --> 00:06:55,444
How many people have you
been stolen from today? i>
77
00:06:55,946 --> 00:06:57,890
The man doesn't reply. i>
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00:06:58,472 --> 00:07:00,568
Beat him 10 times with the stick i>
79
00:07:01,721 --> 00:07:06,147
We were appalled. So this is our occupation
of Poland? i>
80
00:07:06,372 --> 00:07:08,562
We had heard fake stories of cruelty, i>
81
00:07:08,661 --> 00:07:11,519
but it was impossible to know
what was really going on. i>
82
00:07:12,173 --> 00:07:15,016
This country has become
the country of silence. i>
83
00:07:15,843 --> 00:07:19,336
We didn't know that this was the beginning of the genocide i>
84
00:07:19,435 --> 00:07:24,123
to which we will lend our hands
and our courage. i>
85
00:07:31,333 --> 00:07:34,738
Hitler diverse his plans for
an offensive in the East.
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00:07:34,852 --> 00:07:37,116
He has to help out his ally,
Mussolini
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00:07:37,313 --> 00:07:40,425
who wants to fight his own
separate war.
88
00:07:41,827 --> 00:07:45,302
Il Duce has just been routed
by British in Africa.
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00:07:48,899 --> 00:07:52,576
The Italian army is in disarray
in the desert.
90
00:07:53,756 --> 00:07:55,556
To rescue Mussolini from disaster
91
00:07:55,650 --> 00:07:58,896
Hitler dispatches one of his best generals
over to Libya.
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00:07:59,503 --> 00:08:05,139
General Rommel, along with his armored division.
The Afrikakorp
93
00:08:14,424 --> 00:08:16,876
In Germany, Rommel is a big hero.
94
00:08:17,079 --> 00:08:23,079
He is the man who took Cambrai, Arras, Rouen and Cherbourg
in May and June of 1940.
95
00:08:24,126 --> 00:08:25,870
And he is a true Nazi.
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00:08:25,977 --> 00:08:31,005
a devotee who has served Hitler with great zeal
and efficiency from the very beginning.
97
00:08:31,721 --> 00:08:36,226
Rommel believes in tanks
and in a 'lightning war'.
98
00:08:36,497 --> 00:08:40,875
He quickly orders the Afrikakorp to set off
to the British position.
99
00:08:51,837 --> 00:08:54,512
Rommel is already making
a name for himself.
100
00:08:54,904 --> 00:09:00,265
The British circulated his picture with the description,
"This man is dangerous."
101
00:09:02,856 --> 00:09:07,514
Hitler attacks Greece, the country that Mussolini
has already tried to take
102
00:09:09,565 --> 00:09:13,528
After his 'blitzkrieg' in the Balkans and his occupation
over the Yugoslavia.
103
00:09:13,825 --> 00:09:17,389
He drops his paratroopers over Crete.
104
00:09:19,792 --> 00:09:23,435
Hitler has secured his southern flank
for the invasion of Russia
105
00:09:23,538 --> 00:09:25,587
but he lost precious time.
106
00:09:25,805 --> 00:09:29,576
Operation Barbarossa has been delayed
for several weeks.
107
00:09:31,872 --> 00:09:35,952
A grand military parade is traditionally
held in Moscow's Red Square
108
00:09:36,048 --> 00:09:38,805
to celebrate International Workers Day.
109
00:09:38,910 --> 00:09:41,588
Special preparations have gone into this one, however,
110
00:09:41,826 --> 00:09:44,782
Stalin wants to make a big impression
on the Germans.
111
00:09:45,418 --> 00:09:50,151
He's been receiving information from his spies
warning of the imminence of an attack.
112
00:09:50,730 --> 00:09:53,064
But he finds it hard to believe that Hitler
113
00:09:53,150 --> 00:09:57,755
would dare to break German-Soviet
Non-aggression Pact, so soon.
114
00:09:58,383 --> 00:10:00,475
The Germans are attending the parade,
115
00:10:00,741 --> 00:10:05,121
and Marshall Timoshenko, The People Commissar
and Stalin's Defense Minister
116
00:10:05,203 --> 00:10:07,685
seems to salute them with great respect.
117
00:10:21,841 --> 00:10:23,652
Hitler is ready to attack
118
00:10:23,738 --> 00:10:26,464
but he wants to avoid
fighting on 2 fronts.
119
00:10:26,548 --> 00:10:29,538
He would like to make peace
with Great Britain first.
120
00:10:30,832 --> 00:10:35,185
In the suburb of London, in a house that
has been spared from the German bombs
121
00:10:35,282 --> 00:10:38,885
Rose is helping her parents who
is listening to the radio.
122
00:10:39,637 --> 00:10:43,335
Suddenly, an astonishing announcement
comes over the BBC.
123
00:10:45,379 --> 00:10:49,048
In Scotland, near Glasgow, the remains
of a German plane
124
00:10:49,138 --> 00:10:52,262
Messerschmitt 110 has been found.
125
00:10:52,372 --> 00:10:54,959
Its pilot bailed out by parachute.
126
00:10:57,668 --> 00:11:00,128
He turned out to be a top-ranked Nazi
127
00:11:00,326 --> 00:11:02,960
Hitler's deputy, Rudolf Hess.
128
00:11:03,318 --> 00:11:04,194
He says:
129
00:11:04,204 --> 00:11:07,262
I have come in a mission of peace. i>
130
00:11:10,159 --> 00:11:12,768
Hess was one of Hitler first supporters
131
00:11:12,895 --> 00:11:15,376
and he is one of the most fanatical.
132
00:11:15,748 --> 00:11:19,432
The Party is Hitler i>
133
00:11:19,626 --> 00:11:23,754
Hitler is Germany
Germany is Hitler! I>
134
00:11:28,117 --> 00:11:33,672
Hess feels that the role he has played is not being as glorious
as that of other Nazi leaders.
135
00:11:33,754 --> 00:11:37,573
He wants to prove to his Fuhrer, that he,
Rudolf Hess, is the only person
136
00:11:37,664 --> 00:11:42,366
capable of finding a way out of
the conflict with Great Britain.
137
00:11:45,107 --> 00:11:47,275
But he is immediately locked up.
138
00:11:47,504 --> 00:11:51,645
Churchill rejects his overtures,
and Hitler disowns him.
139
00:11:52,336 --> 00:11:56,609
Hess will remain in prison
for the rest of his life.
140
00:11:59,749 --> 00:12:05,186
Meanwhile, intelligence reports indicate that Hitler
is planning to invade the Soviet Union,
141
00:12:05,263 --> 00:12:07,647
but Stalin ignores the reports
142
00:12:07,905 --> 00:12:11,280
just as he ignores the last message
sent in by Richard Sorge,
143
00:12:11,357 --> 00:12:13,846
a Soviet spy based in Tokyo.
144
00:12:13,932 --> 00:12:18,839
The document dated May 30, 1941,
warns of the German attack.
145
00:12:19,854 --> 00:12:23,507
In fact, Stalin continues to send
war materials to the Reich.
146
00:12:23,796 --> 00:12:26,767
Since the signing of the German-Soviet
Non-aggression Pact,
147
00:12:26,844 --> 00:12:31,886
he has exported thousands of tons of oil, chrome,
and nickel to Germany.
148
00:12:32,032 --> 00:12:36,063
All of which, help Hitler to conquer France.
149
00:12:37,514 --> 00:12:41,919
The last train load was sent off
on the night of June 21, 1941.
150
00:12:42,622 --> 00:12:47,519
Carrying tons of wheat, this train crosses
over the border at midnight.
151
00:12:47,984 --> 00:12:52,586
And on June 22, at 3 AM, without
officially declaring war,
152
00:12:52,737 --> 00:12:57,919
The first Wehrmacht sapper�s stealth over
into Russian territory.
153
00:13:07,664 --> 00:13:12,160
They are followed by 153 German Divisions,
154
00:13:12,265 --> 00:13:17,073
As well as the Finnish, Romanian,
Slovakian, and Hungarian troops.
155
00:13:17,604 --> 00:13:20,464
There is a division of Spanish fascist.
156
00:13:22,238 --> 00:13:26,701
3,000,000 million men, along with
600,000 trucks,
157
00:13:26,795 --> 00:13:31,740
many of which were made by French manufacturer,
such as Berliet and Renault.
158
00:13:34,646 --> 00:13:40,238
More than 3,000 tanks,
7,000 cannons,
159
00:13:41,447 --> 00:13:45,126
3,000 aero planes.
160
00:13:53,550 --> 00:13:54,950
Within 24 hours,
161
00:13:55,040 --> 00:14:00,685
1,500 Soviet aircraft are
wiped out on the ground.
162
00:14:04,700 --> 00:14:08,690
300 more Russian planes are
shot down by the Germans.
163
00:14:09,732 --> 00:14:12,279
Taken by surprise,
over-powered,
164
00:14:12,377 --> 00:14:16,620
The Soviet Air Force are suffered
a devastating blow.
165
00:14:20,668 --> 00:14:24,718
The German offensive is unleashed across 3,000 km
166
00:14:24,819 --> 00:14:26,969
and in 3 different directions.
167
00:14:27,321 --> 00:14:31,067
In the north, the ideological target,
Leningrad.
168
00:14:31,138 --> 00:14:35,791
Lenin city, the cradle of the Russian revolution,
modern day's St. Petersburg.
169
00:14:39,552 --> 00:14:44,585
In the center, the political target,
Moscow, Stalin's capital.
170
00:14:45,796 --> 00:14:50,486
In the south, the economic target,
Kiev, at the Ukraine.
171
00:14:53,227 --> 00:14:56,214
Our armies are thrusting to the east i>
172
00:14:56,595 --> 00:14:59,597
Into Russian land i>
173
00:15:00,434 --> 00:15:03,889
Comrades, take your guns! i>
174
00:15:04,439 --> 00:15:07,483
Victory will be ours i>
175
00:15:07,980 --> 00:15:11,530
From Finland to the Black Sea i>
176
00:15:12,220 --> 00:15:15,722
Forward, forward! i>
177
00:15:16,020 --> 00:15:19,661
Forward to the east, storming army i>
178
00:15:19,765 --> 00:15:22,817
Freedom is our goal i>
179
00:15:23,743 --> 00:15:25,971
Victory is our banner i>
180
00:15:26,815 --> 00:15:30,083
Fuhrer, order us! i>
181
00:15:30,215 --> 00:15:32,605
We will follow you! i>
182
00:15:32,868 --> 00:15:37,892
In the northern Baltic states, The German
are sometimes hailed as liberators.
183
00:15:41,509 --> 00:15:46,003
After Stalin's reign of terror, anything
is better than the NKVD.
184
00:15:46,138 --> 00:15:50,517
The ruthless Soviet Secret Police,
responsible for political repression.
185
00:15:51,427 --> 00:15:56,203
Forced to pull out, they execute the Baltic
anti-communists in the prisons.
186
00:15:57,362 --> 00:16:01,899
Local anti-Semites accused the Jews are being in collision
with the communists.
187
00:16:02,947 --> 00:16:05,564
Jews are forced to carry the corpses.
188
00:16:13,638 --> 00:16:18,248
Across the Baltic states, people started
organizing pogrom against Jews
189
00:16:18,327 --> 00:16:21,355
which the German encourages with special instruction like:
190
00:16:21,487 --> 00:16:24,614
Do not leave any traces. i>
191
00:16:27,518 --> 00:16:31,106
Burning the bodies is one way
eliminating them.
192
00:16:39,904 --> 00:16:42,203
On the central line,
General Guderian,
193
00:16:42,309 --> 00:16:45,010
German tank strategist and the proponent
of the blitzkrieg
194
00:16:45,085 --> 00:16:47,675
is held up by the Stalin line.
195
00:16:47,784 --> 00:16:52,113
A series of fortifications that the panzer grenadier
have to take by a sword.
196
00:16:56,588 --> 00:16:59,333
Guderian continues to advance.
197
00:17:07,375 --> 00:17:12,090
But an unforeseen factor soon slows down
his fine motorized unit,
198
00:17:12,552 --> 00:17:14,763
as described by von Kageneck:
199
00:17:15,713 --> 00:17:19,339
We advance in our armored cars and
the dust envelopes us. i>
200
00:17:19,668 --> 00:17:23,306
We're in Russia, where road
and asphalts don't exist. i>
201
00:17:23,886 --> 00:17:28,165
It's awful. The sticky yellow or
red dust gets into everything i>
202
00:17:28,313 --> 00:17:32,562
into your eyes, your nose,
your mouth. i>
203
00:17:35,601 --> 00:17:39,741
Under such condition, these men moves
50 km a day.
204
00:17:40,176 --> 00:17:45,100
They've marched all the way through Warsaw,
to Oslo, to Bayonne.
205
00:17:46,548 --> 00:17:50,726
They are beginning to realize
just how vast Russia is.
206
00:17:59,552 --> 00:18:05,338
Hundreds and hundreds of kilometers go by,
without a single village in sight.
207
00:18:05,474 --> 00:18:07,127
It is becoming harder and harder
208
00:18:07,233 --> 00:18:11,385
for the supply, fuel, and ammunition trucks
to get through.
209
00:18:14,535 --> 00:18:18,384
But there is another situation that
the German soldiers must deal with.
210
00:18:18,468 --> 00:18:21,493
The Russian are putting up
a good defense.
211
00:18:25,312 --> 00:18:28,889
A new type of Russian tank
appears on the scene
212
00:18:28,976 --> 00:18:31,055
and this is a big surprise.
213
00:18:31,475 --> 00:18:34,698
The T-34, a 30 ton monster
214
00:18:34,778 --> 00:18:39,420
equipped with a formidable cannon and
wide tracks that can go anywhere.
215
00:18:40,741 --> 00:18:44,817
It is superior to the German tanks
in gun power and armor thickness
216
00:18:45,240 --> 00:18:50,208
but has only rudimentary radios,
and clunky gearboxes.
217
00:18:56,382 --> 00:19:01,427
The only weapon powerful enough to neutralize it
is the German "88" cannon
218
00:19:13,415 --> 00:19:18,011
Still, the German is better armed
and they're army is stronger.
219
00:19:22,429 --> 00:19:28,384
But these 'Ivans', as they call the Russian,
will fight to the nail, until the very end.
220
00:19:32,085 --> 00:19:34,804
The Russian have already suffered
heavy losses,
221
00:19:34,945 --> 00:19:38,188
but the German casualties
were also rising.
222
00:19:51,680 --> 00:19:55,321
The Germans continue to make progress
towards their 3 goals.
223
00:19:55,396 --> 00:20:00,780
Leningrad, Moscow, and�Kiev
by capturing entire armies.
224
00:20:05,236 --> 00:20:09,483
Hitler's orders are to immediately executes
all political commissars,
225
00:20:09,944 --> 00:20:13,217
members of the Communist Party whose
job is to oversee the officers
226
00:20:13,634 --> 00:20:16,534
and keep an eye on the soldiers
in each military unit.
227
00:20:17,405 --> 00:20:20,351
Guderian is opposed to
this criminal order.
228
00:20:21,238 --> 00:20:25,970
However, according to the Commander of
the 4th Panzer Army Group, General Hopner:
229
00:20:26,182 --> 00:20:29,748
This war must be led with
unprecedented brutality. i>
230
00:20:29,844 --> 00:20:32,979
There is to be no mercy
for the Bolsheviks. i>
231
00:20:41,050 --> 00:20:43,916
The Bolsheviks, the Russian,
fight desperately
232
00:20:44,018 --> 00:20:49,260
with fewer and fewer weapons, often with
only one riffle for 4 men.
233
00:20:56,941 --> 00:21:00,572
They are forced to retreat
along the entire front.
234
00:21:07,183 --> 00:21:09,813
For Stalin, things are looking very bad.
235
00:21:17,432 --> 00:21:19,436
With his heavy, Georgian accent,
236
00:21:19,515 --> 00:21:22,835
he pronounces words he's
never used before.
237
00:21:22,930 --> 00:21:28,215
He calls the Russians, 'my brothers' and 'my sisters'.
He tells them the truth:
238
00:21:28,788 --> 00:21:34,535
We are under attack by Hitler's Germany.
The enemy is cruel and implacable. I>
239
00:21:34,931 --> 00:21:37,681
A grave danger hangs
over our country. i>
240
00:21:39,104 --> 00:21:41,430
In the darkest hour, he dares
to predict:
241
00:21:41,616 --> 00:21:45,861
Is it true that the German fascists
are invincible? i>
242
00:21:45,976 --> 00:21:50,598
Napoleon's army is considered invincible,
but it was beaten. i>
243
00:22:08,361 --> 00:22:12,105
He orders the factories along with
their machines and their workers
244
00:22:12,202 --> 00:22:16,379
to relocate to the East,
to the Ural mountains.
245
00:22:18,470 --> 00:22:21,754
And he gives farmers and peasants
an absolute order:
246
00:22:21,867 --> 00:22:26,250
Leave, leave your izba, your house.
Destroy everything. i>
247
00:22:26,341 --> 00:22:32,217
Leave behind nothing that can be of any use
to the fascist-Hitler-right aggressors. i>
248
00:22:33,420 --> 00:22:36,689
This is Stalin's Scorched Earth Policy.
249
00:22:46,098 --> 00:22:49,499
The German officers have not forgotten
about Napoleon.
250
00:22:52,344 --> 00:22:56,326
In 1812, the Russians defeated
Napoleon's Grand Army
251
00:22:56,427 --> 00:22:58,947
by burning their towns and fields.
252
00:22:59,045 --> 00:23:03,424
And then massacre the French in
the Battle of Berezina.
253
00:23:04,460 --> 00:23:08,817
In early July 1941, the Germans also
reach the Berezina River,
254
00:23:08,947 --> 00:23:12,287
on the central front and
they keep going.
255
00:23:13,503 --> 00:23:15,927
Resistance by the Soviet is
growing stronger.
256
00:23:17,523 --> 00:23:21,535
On the other side of the river, an unpleasant
surprise awaits the Germans.
257
00:23:22,313 --> 00:23:24,968
The Russian has set up
a new kind of artillery,
258
00:23:25,796 --> 00:23:30,504
a rocket launcher called
'Stalin's Organ' or 'Katyusha'
259
00:23:30,907 --> 00:23:33,860
that was a sound like a mess of
organ pipes.
260
00:23:34,766 --> 00:23:37,405
A most terrifying weapon.
261
00:23:43,761 --> 00:23:46,494
But nothing can stop
the German advance.
262
00:23:48,253 --> 00:23:50,986
By mid-July, they have reached
Smolensk,
263
00:23:51,095 --> 00:23:53,738
the last big city before Moscow.
264
00:23:59,417 --> 00:24:02,752
The battle of Smolensk
lasts 3 weeks.
265
00:24:12,938 --> 00:24:15,241
The Russians fight
until the very end
266
00:24:15,333 --> 00:24:19,351
despite the calls for surrender coming over
the German land speakers.
267
00:24:21,295 --> 00:24:24,002
Surrender! i>
268
00:24:24,197 --> 00:24:28,213
You will be treated well. i>
269
00:24:29,951 --> 00:24:32,750
Very few are taken
prisoner.
270
00:24:33,452 --> 00:24:38,383
Some of the survivors go into hiding in
the deep forest and become insurgents.
271
00:24:48,293 --> 00:24:52,871
They are joined by many peasants and farmers,
whom they train to fight.
272
00:24:53,837 --> 00:24:59,156
They hunt down traitors and disrupt
enemy's communication lines.
273
00:25:06,579 --> 00:25:09,411
The �Grizzle� are brutal.
The Fuhrer orders:
274
00:25:09,719 --> 00:25:14,851
Immediately liquidate all people suspected of harboring
even the smallest amount of hostility. i>
275
00:25:26,537 --> 00:25:31,104
Hitler consults with the Wehrmacht's commander-in-chief,
Field Marshall Keitel.
276
00:25:34,459 --> 00:25:37,392
Operation Barbarossa is slowing down.
277
00:25:38,442 --> 00:25:43,815
Some of the generals believe that Hitler's strategy of using
a 3-prompt attack is to blame.
278
00:25:50,615 --> 00:25:54,402
Instead Marshall von Bock, commander of
the army group center
279
00:25:54,521 --> 00:25:57,718
wants all of his forces focused
on Moscow.
280
00:25:58,039 --> 00:26:02,005
Hitler does not like generals
who dare to contradict him.
281
00:26:05,604 --> 00:26:08,795
General Guderian is there,
he insists:
282
00:26:09,002 --> 00:26:12,267
We're only 350 km away
from Moscow now. i>
283
00:26:13,651 --> 00:26:14,857
You understand nothing, i>says the Fuhrer.
284
00:26:15,183 --> 00:26:17,906
You know nothing of
all time economics. I>
285
00:26:18,181 --> 00:26:20,478
First, we need the wheat
from the Ukraine, i>
286
00:26:20,584 --> 00:26:23,766
so that they don't starve as
they did in the previous war. i>
287
00:26:24,067 --> 00:26:28,257
Moscow is nothing but a symbol.
We'll take care of it later. I>
288
00:26:28,597 --> 00:26:31,540
He orders Guderian to swing south
towards Kiev
289
00:26:31,668 --> 00:26:35,559
in order to close the ***** around
the Russian armies still operating
290
00:26:35,651 --> 00:26:38,519
in pockets to the rear
of the Wehrmacht.
291
00:26:45,538 --> 00:26:48,979
It will be the biggest encirclement
of all time.
292
00:26:49,327 --> 00:26:54,722
The Germans capture 600,000 Russian soldiers
in one fell swoop.
293
00:26:56,091 --> 00:26:58,637
Himmler comes through
on a visit.
294
00:26:58,744 --> 00:27:02,105
No provision had been made
to feed the prisoners.
295
00:27:05,386 --> 00:27:07,058
With supreme indifference,
296
00:27:07,164 --> 00:27:10,472
Himmler contemplates those he calls
the 'untermensch',
297
00:27:10,606 --> 00:27:12,666
or 'sub-human'.
298
00:27:13,492 --> 00:27:16,993
He will coldly let them
starve to death.
299
00:27:22,486 --> 00:27:24,550
Lieutenant von Kageneck writes:
300
00:27:24,829 --> 00:27:26,825
We live quite well in the Ukraine. i>
301
00:27:26,939 --> 00:27:31,573
We had everything we needed: eggs, butter,
fruits, milk, wine, i>
302
00:27:31,705 --> 00:27:34,995
an excellent red wine from the area
around the Black Sea. i>
303
00:27:45,320 --> 00:27:46,219
He goes on:
304
00:27:46,317 --> 00:27:50,284
The Ukrainians will come up to us,
smiling, filled with joy. i>
305
00:27:50,403 --> 00:27:52,591
The women will bring us
bread and honey. i>
306
00:27:52,850 --> 00:27:55,912
They shore us as
their liberators. i>
307
00:28:02,342 --> 00:28:06,744
The Ukrainians have many reasons to hate
the Russians, and especially Stalin,
308
00:28:07,035 --> 00:28:10,948
who in the early 30s, orchestrated
a massive starvation policy
309
00:28:11,031 --> 00:28:14,296
that killed as many as
7,000,000 people.
310
00:28:14,554 --> 00:28:20,113
Many Ukrainians, some anti-Semitic, also incriminated
the Jews and carry out pogroms
311
00:28:20,385 --> 00:28:24,230
such as here in Zolochiv, while
the Germans look on.
312
00:28:28,141 --> 00:28:32,260
In fact, many Ukrainians
side with the Nazis.
313
00:28:35,030 --> 00:28:38,634
But Germany will spoil this opportunity
to gain an ally.
314
00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:43,593
Marshall Goering, the second highest ranking figure
in the Reich, comes to the Ukraine.
315
00:28:44,060 --> 00:28:44,898
He says:
316
00:28:45,202 --> 00:28:47,436
No useless mouth to feed i>
317
00:28:47,547 --> 00:28:51,681
Those who could work, have to work for the Reich.
The rest, will die. i>
318
00:28:52,258 --> 00:28:57,102
Those who work have to give everything they have
until they themselves die. i>
319
00:29:08,549 --> 00:29:12,643
Goering is here to implement this policy
of enslaving the Ukraine
320
00:29:12,740 --> 00:29:16,442
and to carry out the methodical annihilation
of the Jews.
321
00:29:16,721 --> 00:29:21,598
He is accompanied by Alfred Rosenberg,
a central theoretician of Nazi racism.
322
00:29:28,499 --> 00:29:33,892
Himmler and�Heydrich set up execution commandos
called 'einsatz grupen',
323
00:29:33,991 --> 00:29:38,643
for the compose of SS members, policemen,
and Wehrmacht soldiers,
324
00:29:38,768 --> 00:29:41,276
who round up the Jews.
325
00:29:47,410 --> 00:29:51,091
The SS take the Jews into the woods
and give them shovels
326
00:29:51,191 --> 00:29:54,926
so that they can dig
their own graves.
327
00:30:13,511 --> 00:30:16,484
But they decide that this process
is too slow.
328
00:30:16,570 --> 00:30:19,787
So they order long, common graves to be dug
329
00:30:19,882 --> 00:30:24,850
and make their victims lay down on top of
the last group of dead bodies
330
00:30:46,813 --> 00:30:50,329
But even this procedure
takes too long.
331
00:30:50,448 --> 00:30:55,559
The SS prepare a ravine known as 'Babi Yar',
near Kiev.
332
00:30:58,762 --> 00:31:04,708
33,771 Jews will be executed
in 2 days.
333
00:31:05,516 --> 00:31:08,893
Men, women, and children.
334
00:31:15,963 --> 00:31:20,139
In this 'living hell', as in hundreds of others
through out the front,
335
00:31:20,281 --> 00:31:23,738
the executioners take picture of
their victims
336
00:31:25,490 --> 00:31:29,743
This premeditated, cold-blooded massacre
of a million of Jews
337
00:31:30,049 --> 00:31:34,044
will come to be known as
'The Holocaust by bullets'.
338
00:31:34,992 --> 00:31:36,880
But Himmler is not pleased.
339
00:31:37,006 --> 00:31:41,362
He has attended one of the 'einsatz grupens'
so called 'actionz'.
340
00:31:41,568 --> 00:31:45,946
Noticing the psychological burden of this mass killing
have for his soldiers,
341
00:31:46,074 --> 00:31:49,091
he begins searching
alternative methods.
342
00:31:49,985 --> 00:31:55,452
This would lead to the use of a gas van with exhaust pipe
hooked up to their rear compartments.
343
00:31:55,709 --> 00:31:59,348
And a year later, the gas chambers.
344
00:32:01,077 --> 00:32:04,761
In the north, the long siege
of Leningrad begins.
345
00:32:16,497 --> 00:32:18,765
The Germans have their plan:
346
00:32:18,850 --> 00:32:20,503
Instead of fighting in the streets, i>
347
00:32:20,585 --> 00:32:25,554
we'll let our artillery and starvation
do the job. i>
348
00:32:45,251 --> 00:32:47,635
City buildings are destroyed.
349
00:32:56,363 --> 00:32:59,681
A zoo elephant is the victim of
an air raid.
350
00:33:02,081 --> 00:33:05,558
Food ration soon fall below
the minimum necessary.
351
00:33:06,267 --> 00:33:10,100
But the worst is to come with the arrival
of winter.
352
00:33:14,475 --> 00:33:17,578
In the south, Guderian finally received
the order from Hitler
353
00:33:17,684 --> 00:33:22,812
to rejoin the other armies up north,
and proceeds towards Moscow.
354
00:33:28,190 --> 00:33:32,128
Along this enormous front,
from Leningrad to Odessa
355
00:33:32,265 --> 00:33:35,881
the thrust towards Moscow
seems unstoppable.
356
00:33:41,091 --> 00:33:45,059
The Germans take another
700,000 prisoners.
357
00:33:48,427 --> 00:33:51,582
General Jodl, chief of staff
of the Wehrmacht says:
358
00:33:51,875 --> 00:33:53,999
We have won the war. i>
359
00:34:02,527 --> 00:34:04,021
von Kageneck writes:
360
00:34:04,186 --> 00:34:07,529
We suddenly have to deal with
the most frightful adversary, i>
361
00:34:07,634 --> 00:34:12,756
the autumn rain and mud, which the Russians
called "rasputiza". i>
362
00:34:12,872 --> 00:34:17,798
Endless mud so gluey and sticky that
it sucks and hold onto everything. i>
363
00:34:17,894 --> 00:34:19,523
They won't let go of anything, i>
364
00:34:19,605 --> 00:34:24,049
whether it be a tank, a truck,
a horse, or a man. i>
365
00:34:32,792 --> 00:34:34,924
It makes any movement impossible. i>
366
00:34:35,017 --> 00:34:39,541
We do 5 to 8 km a day,
instead of 30. i>
367
00:34:40,811 --> 00:34:44,819
Putting one foot in front of the other
require superhuman effort. i>
368
00:34:44,955 --> 00:34:49,411
The panzer, the pride of the Wehrmacht,
are brought to a stand still. i>
369
00:35:01,447 --> 00:35:03,330
Hitler writes to his troops:
370
00:35:03,478 --> 00:35:05,512
Soldiers in the eastern front, i>
371
00:35:05,611 --> 00:35:10,311
Comrades, today begins the last,
great decisive battle. i>
372
00:35:18,456 --> 00:35:22,576
And all at once, the German army starts
moving again towards Moscow
373
00:35:22,670 --> 00:35:26,204
because the frost has come
and harden the ground.
374
00:35:26,307 --> 00:35:31,649
The world is holding its breath.
Will Hitler defeat Stalin?
375
00:35:35,077 --> 00:35:37,965
This is when the rightwing extremists
in the occupied countries
376
00:35:38,186 --> 00:35:41,092
start signing up to serve
in the German Army.
377
00:35:41,689 --> 00:35:44,339
Belgians, Danes, Dutchmen,
378
00:35:44,587 --> 00:35:48,239
and the young men in the LVF
(Legion French Volunteers),
379
00:35:48,717 --> 00:35:54,063
decide to don the German uniform
and fight on the Eastern Front.
380
00:36:03,412 --> 00:36:05,131
They will suffer.
381
00:36:05,244 --> 00:36:09,882
An early cold front sweeps through
begin in November 1941.
382
00:36:09,987 --> 00:36:14,882
Temperatures will plummet
to almost -40 degrees Celsius.
383
00:36:15,764 --> 00:36:20,119
The Wehrmacht was designed to conduct
a blitzkrieg, a lightning war.
384
00:36:20,360 --> 00:36:24,173
It was supposed to bring Russia
to its knees in 4 months.
385
00:36:25,097 --> 00:36:27,543
It is not equipped for winter.
386
00:36:27,739 --> 00:36:29,647
Guderian writes in his memoirs:
387
00:36:30,406 --> 00:36:34,613
It was a sight to see those half starved,
insufficiently clothed men i>
388
00:36:34,705 --> 00:36:37,476
fight over a poor shelter. i>
389
00:36:38,717 --> 00:36:41,731
They fight to control even
the tiniest village. i>
390
00:36:50,379 --> 00:36:54,721
Losing a village, losing even a single izba
means death. i>
391
00:36:56,080 --> 00:36:59,314
The men die of cold,
or of dysentery.
392
00:36:59,558 --> 00:37:03,894
Diarrhea makes them run off
30 times a day.
393
00:37:04,001 --> 00:37:06,789
Doctor Haape, the Wehrmacht physician
warns them:
394
00:37:06,876 --> 00:37:11,763
You have to choose: if you pull down your trousers,
you'll freeze to death. i>
395
00:37:11,858 --> 00:37:17,055
You must take a pat the seam in the back,
so you won't have to pull them down. i>
396
00:37:18,943 --> 00:37:22,340
In sharp contrasts, the men in Afrikakorp,
in the desert
397
00:37:22,437 --> 00:37:26,547
are able to fry egg on the top of the sizzling
surfaces of their tanks,
398
00:37:26,653 --> 00:37:30,080
while listening to the war song,
"Lili Marlene".
399
00:37:45,393 --> 00:37:49,696
The war in the desert has also getting
bogged down, in the sand.
400
00:37:50,291 --> 00:37:52,575
Petrol and food supply are lacking.
401
00:37:52,979 --> 00:37:55,591
Rommel has to order a halt.
402
00:37:55,832 --> 00:37:58,315
However, he is planning
a new offensive
403
00:37:58,403 --> 00:38:02,427
And new sacrifices for his men
in the Afrikakorp.
404
00:38:05,487 --> 00:38:07,453
Meanwhile, on the road to Moscow,
405
00:38:07,553 --> 00:38:11,596
The Germans are no longer able to wash
or change their clothes.
406
00:38:12,615 --> 00:38:16,661
Like their enemies, they are driven crazy
by lice, and parasites
407
00:38:16,774 --> 00:38:19,231
that bring scabies and typhus.
408
00:38:19,849 --> 00:38:24,538
Napoleon's Grand Army lost over
100,000 men to typhus.
409
00:38:25,524 --> 00:38:28,504
In spite of it all, the Wehrmacht
pushes on.
410
00:38:35,039 --> 00:38:38,308
The German vanguard reaches
the outskirts of Moscow,
411
00:38:38,432 --> 00:38:42,976
and even in the end of a bus line that
goes straight to Red Square.
412
00:38:46,662 --> 00:38:50,045
While the Soviet army holds back
the advancing German troops,
413
00:38:50,146 --> 00:38:56,003
Stalin orders the parade commemorating the anniversary
of the revolution to be held as usual.
414
00:39:01,816 --> 00:39:04,675
To galvanize his troops, Stalin makes a speech
415
00:39:04,774 --> 00:39:10,750
that invokes forbidden images from the past,
the great soldiers from the time of the Tsars.
416
00:39:14,397 --> 00:39:17,090
Be worthy of your glorious ancestors, i>
417
00:39:17,190 --> 00:39:22,268
Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Pozharsky, i>
418
00:39:22,369 --> 00:39:26,868
Alexander Suvorov, and Mikhail Kutuzov. i>
419
00:39:29,263 --> 00:39:34,333
Stalin has organized Moscow's defense in conjunction
with one of his most brilliant generals.
420
00:39:34,468 --> 00:39:38,315
A tank specialist considered to be
the Russian equivalent of Guderian,
421
00:39:38,413 --> 00:39:41,640
45 years old, General Zhukov.
422
00:39:43,068 --> 00:39:45,137
Luck is on Zhukov's side.
423
00:39:45,231 --> 00:39:50,426
Sorge, the Soviet spy, has discovered that Japan,
though it is Hitler's ally
424
00:39:50,557 --> 00:39:55,873
has not decided to attack Russia, because
its primary enemy is The United States.
425
00:39:56,680 --> 00:40:01,065
This enable Zhukov to reduce the number
of troops in the Far East.
426
00:40:01,144 --> 00:40:05,592
He brings over several of the Siberian Divisions,
they are well equipped.
427
00:40:07,051 --> 00:40:09,309
Siberians are not afraid of the cold.
428
00:40:09,395 --> 00:40:13,229
They are rugged, outdoors men,
who used into using their whips.
429
00:40:13,543 --> 00:40:16,544
They've brought their ski, and
their reindeer with them,
430
00:40:17,142 --> 00:40:20,808
And now they are going hunting,
for Germans.
431
00:40:21,226 --> 00:40:24,981
Zhukov wants to trap the Wehrmacht
on a pinsel movement.
432
00:41:36,708 --> 00:41:40,713
Some 30,000 Germans are
killed or missing.
433
00:41:46,557 --> 00:41:48,800
Thousands are sent off to Siberia.
434
00:41:50,353 --> 00:41:53,274
Their struggle with the cold
are far from over.
435
00:41:53,405 --> 00:41:58,464
Less than 1 in 3 will return home,
almost 15 years later.
436
00:42:04,069 --> 00:42:08,657
August von Kageneck is severely wounded
and evacuated back to Germany.
437
00:42:09,059 --> 00:42:10,020
He writes:
438
00:42:10,577 --> 00:42:14,110
Faith disappears, doubt become obsessive, i>
439
00:42:14,388 --> 00:42:17,697
Death becomes your best friend,
men's only friend, i>
440
00:42:18,017 --> 00:42:21,244
because it will deliver you,
from your suffering. i>
441
00:42:22,606 --> 00:42:25,505
The suffering of the Russian
is not over either.
442
00:42:25,602 --> 00:42:27,478
Their country has been ravage,
443
00:42:27,577 --> 00:42:32,027
Moscow has been saved, but millions of people
have been killed, or taken prisoner,
444
00:42:32,313 --> 00:42:35,209
and the danger is still there.
445
00:42:56,281 --> 00:42:59,910
The Wehrmacht has been pushed back 200km.
446
00:43:00,952 --> 00:43:04,951
Hitler orders his army to defend
that new line at all costs.
447
00:43:05,334 --> 00:43:09,299
He dismisses 35 generals,
including Guderian,
448
00:43:09,407 --> 00:43:12,720
and takes personal charge
of the Wehrmacht.
449
00:43:20,052 --> 00:43:23,223
He was succeeded in re-establishing
his army's position,
450
00:43:23,334 --> 00:43:26,647
Re-equipping his troops, and
plotting his revenge.
451
00:43:26,728 --> 00:43:30,415
The Wehrmacht remains firmly
planted in Russia.
452
00:43:34,174 --> 00:43:38,444
Hitler returns to his dogs back
in his chalet in Bavaria.
453
00:43:39,992 --> 00:43:42,298
It is opinion the defeat
454
00:43:42,427 --> 00:43:45,382
before Moscow was the fort of his generals
and his diplomats.
455
00:43:45,698 --> 00:43:49,967
Weren't they the one's who would claim the France
and the Britain wouldn't go to war for Poland?
456
00:43:50,719 --> 00:43:53,713
and of the Abwehr, the German Intelligence Service,
457
00:43:53,812 --> 00:43:57,175
that misinformed them about
the state of the Russian army.
458
00:43:57,801 --> 00:43:58,701
Hitler adds:
459
00:43:59,169 --> 00:44:03,471
The Bolshevik army is made up from peasants
who fight with barbarian and consciousness, i>
460
00:44:03,589 --> 00:44:08,058
and workers, trained by fanatical mysticism
of communism. i>
461
00:44:10,875 --> 00:44:13,481
But Hitler believes in his 'lucky star',
462
00:44:13,860 --> 00:44:16,158
he will prevail.
463
00:44:19,828 --> 00:44:23,570
He can enjoy himself in the company
of his 'sacred' fans
464
00:44:24,530 --> 00:44:28,340
Here, Bormann' mistress introduces him
to a German movie star,
465
00:44:28,475 --> 00:44:31,277
the actress, Magda Schneider.
466
00:44:41,868 --> 00:44:47,214
Not far away, her daughter, Romy Schneider,
plays with Bormann's children.
467
00:44:48,763 --> 00:44:51,453
Life in Germany is still carefree.
468
00:44:51,554 --> 00:44:53,993
The massive bombing has not yet begun
469
00:44:54,104 --> 00:44:58,410
and those who sacrifice their life
in Moscow are so far away
470
00:44:58,779 --> 00:45:00,994
deep in the snow.
471
00:45:03,171 --> 00:45:05,953
Two days after Hitler's major defeat,
472
00:45:06,053 --> 00:45:09,096
his ally, Japan, launches a surprise attack
473
00:45:09,197 --> 00:45:14,248
on the United States big naval base
in the Pacific, Pearl Harbor.
474
00:45:15,628 --> 00:45:17,962
And with this wave of Japanese planes,
475
00:45:18,060 --> 00:45:22,350
the war becomes a 'world war'.
476
00:45:27,424 --> 00:45:32,117
In London, Rose dances.
She's already dreaming of Christmas.
477
00:45:33,276 --> 00:45:35,135
She hears her parents say,
478
00:45:35,291 --> 00:45:38,143
Now the Americans will fight on our side, i>
479
00:45:38,231 --> 00:45:40,241
The Russians on our side. i>
480
00:45:40,348 --> 00:45:43,180
We, British, are no longer alone in this.
anymore. i>
481
00:45:46,571 --> 00:47:49,724
Need help on some blanks (*****).
482
00:47:50,724 --> 00:48:00,724
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