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1
00:00:07,841 --> 00:00:09,638
Iceberg, right ahead!
2
00:00:09,710 --> 00:00:12,543
This is the part of Titanic's story
we all know.
3
00:00:18,418 --> 00:00:21,216
But what happened to Titanic
after the last eyewitness
4
00:00:21,288 --> 00:00:23,256
saw her slip beneath the surface?
5
00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:29,929
Titanic is
the perfect unsolved murder mystery.
6
00:00:30,163 --> 00:00:33,826
It hit there, but then it kind of whiplashes
when it hits the ground back here.
7
00:00:33,901 --> 00:00:36,392
What happened
in the final minutes of the ship?
8
00:00:36,470 --> 00:00:39,371
How did it break up? How did it fall?
How did it hit the bottom?
9
00:00:39,439 --> 00:00:41,430
Why did she sink so fast?
10
00:00:41,508 --> 00:00:43,567
Could more lives have been saved?
11
00:00:43,644 --> 00:00:46,511
Did I get the details right
in the feature film?
12
00:00:46,580 --> 00:00:49,192
No, I'm talking about the sinking,
the way you depicted the sinking.
13
00:00:49,216 --> 00:00:50,736
We didn't do it 'cause we didn't know.
14
00:00:51,151 --> 00:00:53,483
For the first time ever,
I've gathered all the evidence
15
00:00:53,554 --> 00:00:56,853
and eight of the world's
leading Titanic experts
16
00:00:56,924 --> 00:00:58,721
all together, in one place.
17
00:00:59,660 --> 00:01:00,888
Some have been to the wreck,
18
00:01:00,961 --> 00:01:03,088
some approach it through the testimony,
19
00:01:03,163 --> 00:01:05,563
some approach it
through the physical forensics.
20
00:01:05,699 --> 00:01:07,098
We respectfully disagree.
21
00:01:07,167 --> 00:01:11,399
No one gets out of this room
until we piece together, once and for all,
22
00:01:11,471 --> 00:01:13,996
what happened in Titanic's final minutes.
23
00:01:14,074 --> 00:01:16,702
We're going to argue.
I guarantee it. It'll get heated.
24
00:01:17,678 --> 00:01:19,305
Coincidence? There's no coincidence.
25
00:01:19,379 --> 00:01:20,869
There's no such thing as coincidence.
26
00:01:20,948 --> 00:01:22,074
- I agree.
- No.
27
00:01:23,550 --> 00:01:26,713
Now, on the 100th anniversary
of the tragedy,
28
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fifteen years after the
film's initial release,
29
00:01:30,624 --> 00:01:32,615
it's time for the final word
30
00:01:33,393 --> 00:01:35,452
on what really happened to Titanic.
31
00:01:41,335 --> 00:01:44,463
Mir I, mir I. Jake is coming out
of his search. Over.
32
00:01:44,771 --> 00:01:46,295
Here he comes. He's out
33
00:01:56,016 --> 00:01:59,349
I feel like I've lived on Titanic
certainly much longer than
34
00:01:59,419 --> 00:02:03,253
any of the people who were
actually involved in the event did.
35
00:02:03,991 --> 00:02:07,791
I've got it ingrained in my memory.
I could walk the ship in my sleep.
36
00:02:14,067 --> 00:02:15,557
Keep lowering!
37
00:02:24,845 --> 00:02:26,437
When I see the model,
38
00:02:26,513 --> 00:02:31,507
it just brings back to me all those nights
of shooting with the crowds,
39
00:02:32,786 --> 00:02:35,311
running and screaming up the decks.
40
00:02:38,892 --> 00:02:41,156
Then going back to one
and doing it all again.
41
00:02:47,734 --> 00:02:48,894
See you in the sunshine.
42
00:02:56,143 --> 00:03:00,409
For me, filmmaking comes out of my desire
to explore unknown worlds.
43
00:03:01,415 --> 00:03:03,747
You want to see Titanic on the sonar?
Check this out, bro.
44
00:03:03,817 --> 00:03:04,909
You're gonna love this.
45
00:03:08,422 --> 00:03:12,415
I wanted to dive the wreck
more than I wanted to make the movie.
46
00:03:12,959 --> 00:03:16,417
Diving the wreck was
my way into the story.
47
00:03:17,564 --> 00:03:19,498
- There she is, baby.
- Oh, yeah.
48
00:03:23,704 --> 00:03:25,569
It's a dream come true for me.
49
00:03:29,476 --> 00:03:31,774
Titanic does not give
up her secrets easily.
50
00:03:36,149 --> 00:03:37,309
The more you work on this,
51
00:03:37,384 --> 00:03:40,547
the more you can bring it into focus
and fill in the gaps.
52
00:03:41,788 --> 00:03:43,551
And there are some enigmas.
53
00:03:44,024 --> 00:03:45,753
Titanic is like a fractal,
54
00:03:45,826 --> 00:03:49,592
the closer you get to it,
the more you see completely new patterns.
55
00:03:52,232 --> 00:03:55,429
There have been a lot of ideas,
a lot of theories.
56
00:03:55,502 --> 00:03:56,969
It's time to just say,
57
00:03:57,037 --> 00:04:00,234
"this is what really happened,
to the best of our collective knowledge."
58
00:04:01,475 --> 00:04:04,876
This shouldn't be all sort of nicey-nicey,
blowing pink smoke around.
59
00:04:04,945 --> 00:04:06,003
Let's beat it up.
60
00:04:06,079 --> 00:04:08,673
That's the best way to
arrive at an answer that makes sense.
61
00:04:08,749 --> 00:04:11,549
My Titanic dream team includes
Ken marschall, artist, visual historian.
62
00:04:14,955 --> 00:04:19,756
P.h. Nargeolet, explorer,
underwater operations, rms Titanic.
63
00:04:20,093 --> 00:04:23,927
Bill sauder, historian,
director of research, rms Titanic.
64
00:04:23,928 --> 00:04:27,292
Parks stephenson,
naval systems engineer.
65
00:04:27,734 --> 00:04:31,636
Don lynch, chief historian
of the Titanic historical society.
66
00:04:31,738 --> 00:04:35,688
Dave gallo, director of special projects
at woods hole oceanographic institution.
67
00:04:35,689 --> 00:04:39,638
Commander Jeffrey stettler,
naval architect, us naval academy.
68
00:04:41,548 --> 00:04:45,609
Brian Thomas, coast guard naval architect
and salvage engineer.
69
00:04:46,586 --> 00:04:49,316
We have the team and the tools.
70
00:04:50,657 --> 00:04:53,990
From hundreds of hours
of my expedition dive footage,
71
00:04:54,060 --> 00:04:57,154
to deck plans and survivor testimony,
72
00:04:58,165 --> 00:04:59,826
we're going to take all we learned
73
00:04:59,900 --> 00:05:02,300
and create a new visualization
of the sinking.
74
00:05:03,370 --> 00:05:05,429
From iceberg to bottom,
75
00:05:05,505 --> 00:05:09,066
it's never been animated so precisely
and so dramatically.
76
00:05:09,643 --> 00:05:12,407
We're determined, once and for all,
to learn what happened
77
00:05:12,479 --> 00:05:16,108
after Titanic disappeared
beneath the surface 100 years ago.
78
00:05:16,116 --> 00:05:16,548
After Titanic disappeared
beneath the surface 100 years ago.
79
00:05:16,616 --> 00:05:19,449
It's a good, just kind of
drive-a-stake-in-the-ground moment
80
00:05:19,519 --> 00:05:21,578
for us to say, "let's
get the history right."
81
00:05:22,455 --> 00:05:26,186
To me, the exercise of making the movie
and preparing to make the movie
82
00:05:26,259 --> 00:05:29,990
was about understanding history.
83
00:05:30,063 --> 00:05:31,360
Like, what is history?
84
00:05:31,464 --> 00:05:34,956
History is
this kind of consensus hallucination.
85
00:05:35,035 --> 00:05:39,267
There are some people who, they tell
the story like it happened yesterday.
86
00:05:39,339 --> 00:05:42,218
And then there are others who,
over the years, have been telling the story
87
00:05:42,242 --> 00:05:44,107
and the story changes, you know?
So, yeah.
88
00:05:44,177 --> 00:05:47,374
And how much does the telling of the story
become the memory,
89
00:05:47,447 --> 00:05:49,074
as opposed to the memory itself?
90
00:05:49,950 --> 00:05:53,716
Our task here is to
separate perception from truth.
91
00:05:53,787 --> 00:05:55,914
So what is it that we know for sure?
92
00:05:56,890 --> 00:06:01,088
At the time of her construction,
Titanic was the largest ship ever built,
93
00:06:01,595 --> 00:06:04,195
882 feet and nine inches long
and standing nearly 20 stories high.
94
00:06:07,734 --> 00:06:10,464
Her weight was over 46,000 tons.
95
00:06:12,372 --> 00:06:14,738
Her hull spanned four city blocks.
96
00:06:19,346 --> 00:06:23,373
She had nine decks
encompassing 370 first-class cabins,
97
00:06:23,450 --> 00:06:26,214
168 second-class cabins,
98
00:06:26,286 --> 00:06:28,811
and 297 third-class cabins.
99
00:06:30,490 --> 00:06:34,017
Accommodations for up to 3,547 people.
100
00:06:46,139 --> 00:06:48,937
Mechanically, she was state of the art,
101
00:06:49,009 --> 00:06:53,139
fitted with 29 boilers and 159 furnaces.
102
00:06:54,347 --> 00:06:57,475
Each of her steam engines
was the size of a three-story house.
103
00:06:59,152 --> 00:07:02,553
Over 6,000 tons of coal
filled her coal bunkers.
104
00:07:05,191 --> 00:07:08,151
From her innovative double-bottom keel,
to her 16 water-tight compartments,
105
00:07:10,764 --> 00:07:13,164
Titanic was considered unsinkable.
106
00:07:20,340 --> 00:07:23,173
Each compartment had doors
that were designed to close automatically
107
00:07:23,243 --> 00:07:25,268
if the water level
Rose above a certain height.
108
00:07:28,281 --> 00:07:32,081
If any two compartments
or the first four became flooded.
109
00:07:34,454 --> 00:07:36,081
According to her builders,
110
00:07:36,156 --> 00:07:41,059
even in the worst possible accident at sea,
Titanic was virtually unsinkable.
111
00:07:53,039 --> 00:07:55,633
- Ilceberg, right ahead!
- Thank you.
112
00:07:56,876 --> 00:08:01,870
But we know that on April 14, 1912,
Titanic sideswiped an iceberg
113
00:08:02,282 --> 00:08:04,307
and sank in two hours and 40 minutes.
114
00:08:04,384 --> 00:08:05,384
Full astern!
115
00:08:07,821 --> 00:08:09,846
- Hard over.
- Helm's hard over, sir.
116
00:08:18,098 --> 00:08:19,463
Why ain't they turning?
117
00:08:19,599 --> 00:08:23,000
- Is it hard over?!
- It is. Yes sir. Hard over.
118
00:08:34,147 --> 00:08:37,674
One hundred years later,
this is what's left of Titanic,
119
00:08:38,385 --> 00:08:40,580
a tangled wreck on the ocean floor.
120
00:08:41,287 --> 00:08:43,414
Thousands of broken pieces.
121
00:08:44,691 --> 00:08:46,591
But from her rust-covered remains,
122
00:08:46,659 --> 00:08:50,186
we may still be able to figure out
what happened in her last moments.
123
00:08:53,333 --> 00:08:56,268
Well, it's very important to find out
where all the objects wound up.
124
00:08:56,336 --> 00:08:58,668
And then you can
work backwards from that
125
00:08:58,738 --> 00:09:01,707
to sort of reconstruct
how the processes got started.
126
00:09:05,345 --> 00:09:08,007
You've got to
peel away the bottom impact,
127
00:09:11,785 --> 00:09:13,785
you got to understand
what happened at the surface.
128
00:09:14,754 --> 00:09:16,745
Then maybe you can work your way back
129
00:09:16,823 --> 00:09:19,348
to what actually set off the sinking
in the first place.
130
00:09:20,260 --> 00:09:22,160
It's like a murder-mystery case
131
00:09:22,228 --> 00:09:24,059
where some piece of evidence is an outlier.
132
00:09:24,130 --> 00:09:25,358
Everything fits perfectly,
133
00:09:25,432 --> 00:09:28,799
but there's one outlying piece of evidence,
and it seems so trivial,
134
00:09:28,868 --> 00:09:30,631
and yet it unwinds everything else.
135
00:09:30,703 --> 00:09:32,762
It's a great forensic
process to go through.
136
00:09:32,839 --> 00:09:36,275
It's the same thing that they do
at an ntsb analysis of a crash site
137
00:09:36,342 --> 00:09:37,366
for an airliner.
138
00:09:37,444 --> 00:09:39,404
You know, "how did that engine
get way over there?
139
00:09:39,446 --> 00:09:41,346
"How did that wind up two miles back?"
140
00:09:41,414 --> 00:09:43,492
You know, you can't really
piece together what happened
141
00:09:43,516 --> 00:09:47,418
until you can account for every
single piece and where it got there.
142
00:09:49,089 --> 00:09:52,024
Four hundred miles
off the coast of newfoundland,
143
00:09:52,092 --> 00:09:55,323
and two and a half miles
beneath the surface of the north Atlantic,
144
00:09:55,395 --> 00:09:56,919
lies Titanic.
145
00:09:57,964 --> 00:10:00,762
The wreck site spans
a mile of the sea floor,
146
00:10:00,834 --> 00:10:02,563
and is anything but accessible.
147
00:10:05,738 --> 00:10:09,606
It takes about two-and-a-half hours
to descend in a submersible.
148
00:10:09,676 --> 00:10:11,701
Daylight doesn't reach this depth.
149
00:10:11,945 --> 00:10:13,435
It's eternal darkness.
150
00:10:15,181 --> 00:10:19,015
Here, we find the bow and stern section
2,000 feet apart.
151
00:10:21,387 --> 00:10:24,823
We find the ship's boilers
clustered east of the stern.
152
00:10:24,891 --> 00:10:27,382
Cargo cranes sheared from the deck.
153
00:10:28,962 --> 00:10:30,827
Broken pieces of funnel.
154
00:10:32,098 --> 00:10:33,725
Ground-up shell plating.
155
00:10:34,434 --> 00:10:37,164
Sections of the ship's keel,
or double bottom.
156
00:10:38,238 --> 00:10:41,571
Rudders and propellers
pinned in the sediment, intact.
157
00:10:41,641 --> 00:10:43,404
An open shell door at d deck.
158
00:10:44,144 --> 00:10:47,045
There are serving plates, tea cups, shoes,
159
00:10:47,113 --> 00:10:49,877
countless personal artifacts.
160
00:10:49,949 --> 00:10:52,713
These are all clues in the mystery.
161
00:10:52,785 --> 00:10:55,549
What caused
this magnitude of destruction?
162
00:10:56,656 --> 00:10:58,817
How can we begin to make sense of it?
163
00:11:00,293 --> 00:11:02,761
So, it's good to wrap
our heads around this.
164
00:11:02,829 --> 00:11:04,990
So, now you start looking
at a debris field map.
165
00:11:04,998 --> 00:11:06,878
So, now you start looking
at a debris field map.
166
00:11:08,101 --> 00:11:11,537
It's part of that crime scene recreation
167
00:11:12,238 --> 00:11:15,969
of seeing everything on this macro level.
168
00:11:16,042 --> 00:11:20,445
We can get down to individual images
of each individual piece,
169
00:11:20,513 --> 00:11:24,472
but you need the context of it,
to keep that forest in sight.
170
00:11:24,584 --> 00:11:28,247
You have to have
that map of the wreck site
171
00:11:28,321 --> 00:11:30,414
to do any meaningful forensics.
172
00:11:31,624 --> 00:11:35,754
Titanic's bow and stern are torn in two
and lie apart,
173
00:11:35,828 --> 00:11:37,693
like a crime scene where the body and head
174
00:11:37,764 --> 00:11:39,732
are on opposite sides of the room.
175
00:11:41,668 --> 00:11:43,499
You can see it. You can see it on the
176
00:11:45,171 --> 00:11:48,038
debris field map here.
It's a very interesting thing.
177
00:11:48,174 --> 00:11:50,642
Bow points north,
and it's partly dug into the sediment.
178
00:11:51,177 --> 00:11:53,907
Its open end is ragged,
it's not a clean break.
179
00:11:54,781 --> 00:11:57,875
At first glance,
it appears the farthest object north,
180
00:11:57,951 --> 00:12:01,071
but there's the number one cargo hatch,
and that's 260 feet forward of the bow.
181
00:12:03,456 --> 00:12:06,755
And the hatch bolts are all severed.
So, what did that?
182
00:12:07,827 --> 00:12:11,160
And how did the bow break from the stern?
What did this?
183
00:12:12,332 --> 00:12:15,893
The stern points south,
facing the opposite direction of the bow.
184
00:12:15,969 --> 00:12:18,335
Looks like a bomb hit it.
185
00:12:18,605 --> 00:12:22,769
To the east of the stern lie five boilers
from boiler room 1,
186
00:12:22,842 --> 00:12:25,208
the midsection of the ship.
187
00:12:25,278 --> 00:12:28,679
I think the location of these boilers
is our first lead.
188
00:12:30,250 --> 00:12:33,185
If you just draw a circle
around those five boilers,
189
00:12:33,253 --> 00:12:34,463
and you take the center of that circle,
190
00:12:34,487 --> 00:12:36,298
I think that's where the ship
broke up at the surface.
191
00:12:36,322 --> 00:12:37,322
Right.
192
00:12:37,390 --> 00:12:39,790
Okay, these five boilers
help us to find the hypocenter,
193
00:12:39,859 --> 00:12:41,884
the ground zero for the disaster.
194
00:12:41,961 --> 00:12:43,656
The hypocenter directly underneath
195
00:12:43,730 --> 00:12:46,096
where the breakup took place
on the bottom
196
00:12:46,165 --> 00:12:47,530
would be where the heaviest
197
00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:51,229
and most uniform objects
would be clustered.
198
00:12:51,304 --> 00:12:53,829
Now, with it,
we can extrapolate the journey
199
00:12:53,906 --> 00:12:55,635
taken by each part of the ship,
200
00:12:55,708 --> 00:12:58,768
from the surface to
where we find them today, on the bottom.
201
00:12:58,845 --> 00:13:03,839
And then you have a kind of fallout pattern,
downwind, if you will, or down current,
202
00:13:03,916 --> 00:13:08,148
for very light objects like teacups
and light debris and coal.
203
00:13:08,221 --> 00:13:11,987
The coal being spread the farthest,
'cause it's the least heavy in water.
204
00:13:14,027 --> 00:13:16,928
We can account for many objects
on our debris field map,
205
00:13:16,996 --> 00:13:19,931
and explain how they traveled
from the breakup at the surface
206
00:13:19,999 --> 00:13:23,332
to end their life two and a half miles
down at the bottom.
207
00:13:23,403 --> 00:13:26,395
But not every part can be
so easily explained.
208
00:13:28,107 --> 00:13:31,304
Something that just occurred to me
for the first time in all these years is...
209
00:13:32,178 --> 00:13:36,478
If that happened way up there,
isn't it interesting that we've got...
210
00:13:36,549 --> 00:13:38,039
These would be your poop deck cranes,
211
00:13:38,117 --> 00:13:40,381
and they're this close to
their original location.
212
00:13:40,453 --> 00:13:45,720
The stern cranes sort of grouped together
and lying adjacent to the stern
213
00:13:45,792 --> 00:13:48,420
was a little mystery that we had to solve.
214
00:13:48,494 --> 00:13:51,395
And in solving that mystery,
it would shed some light
215
00:13:51,464 --> 00:13:54,763
on what actually happened to the stern
when it hit the bottom of the ocean.
216
00:13:54,834 --> 00:13:57,302
Why were those cranes there?
Where did they come from?
217
00:13:58,438 --> 00:14:00,030
Odd, isn't it?
218
00:14:00,106 --> 00:14:03,974
Then the question is,
what held the cranes with all this,
219
00:14:04,043 --> 00:14:05,977
as opposed to them just scattering?
220
00:14:06,045 --> 00:14:09,606
I don't know. I'm inclined to think
these came apart at a higher altitude.
221
00:14:09,682 --> 00:14:12,947
I think that it's just coincidence
that they happened to wind up...
222
00:14:13,353 --> 00:14:14,843
Coincidence? There is no coincidence.
223
00:14:14,921 --> 00:14:16,513
There's no such thing as coincidence.
224
00:14:16,589 --> 00:14:18,181
- I agree.
- No.
225
00:14:18,291 --> 00:14:19,835
There was a tendency
on the part of the group,
226
00:14:19,859 --> 00:14:22,350
I think, to reject the idea of coincidence,
227
00:14:22,428 --> 00:14:24,862
which, I think, is always good
in this kind of analysis.
228
00:14:25,131 --> 00:14:28,828
Jim will let you disagree with him
as long as
229
00:14:28,901 --> 00:14:32,064
you have a reasonable argument,
and your facts are all in a row,
230
00:14:32,138 --> 00:14:34,402
and they're doing a chorus dance
behind you.
231
00:14:34,474 --> 00:14:36,840
I'm gonna jump to the crazy part of this.
232
00:14:36,909 --> 00:14:38,171
- Yeah.
- All right?
233
00:14:38,244 --> 00:14:42,305
Which is these two double bottom sections
and this big chunk.
234
00:14:43,049 --> 00:14:44,360
There are three pieces of the wreck
235
00:14:44,384 --> 00:14:47,945
whose placement on the debris field map
don't make sense.
236
00:14:48,020 --> 00:14:49,647
They're outliers.
237
00:14:49,722 --> 00:14:50,814
They're enigmas because
238
00:14:50,890 --> 00:14:53,654
they're strangely out to the east
of the hypocenter.
239
00:14:55,628 --> 00:14:59,064
We know from a past expedition
that these two, out of the three,
240
00:14:59,132 --> 00:15:01,259
are pieces of Titanic's double bottom.
241
00:15:02,268 --> 00:15:04,498
We know these parts are
from the same section of keel
242
00:15:04,570 --> 00:15:07,971
because their ragged ends align
like two pieces of a Jigsaw puzzle.
243
00:15:09,275 --> 00:15:12,972
How did these two chunks of keel
detach from the bottom of the ship,
244
00:15:13,045 --> 00:15:15,275
and end up to the east of the hypocenter?
245
00:15:16,716 --> 00:15:18,809
And what about the third outlier?
246
00:15:20,987 --> 00:15:23,748
Now, I'm just trying to account
for something that I don't understand,
247
00:15:23,790 --> 00:15:25,348
which is this thing.
248
00:15:25,425 --> 00:15:27,336
- This is just a big pile of junk.
- It's a big, ugly pile.
249
00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:28,554
Big, dirty pile of junk.
250
00:15:29,028 --> 00:15:30,620
Nobody'd ever seen it before.
251
00:15:30,696 --> 00:15:33,529
It's way off to the east.
It's beyond these double bottom pieces.
252
00:15:34,434 --> 00:15:39,838
Okay, so the mystery piece,
the enigma piece is this.
253
00:15:39,906 --> 00:15:41,168
Is this. Yes.
254
00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:43,708
You know, about the upper
couple of decks of that.
255
00:15:43,776 --> 00:15:45,988
It's even bigger and larger
and heavier than the boilers,
256
00:15:46,012 --> 00:15:48,378
yet, it ended up way far out there.
257
00:15:49,248 --> 00:15:52,775
How did this chunk,
from beneath the third frontal deckhouse,
258
00:15:52,852 --> 00:15:54,513
end up way out there?
259
00:15:56,222 --> 00:15:58,600
All right. Well, why don't
we stick to what we think we know,
260
00:15:58,624 --> 00:16:00,285
and fill in the rest of the picture?
261
00:16:00,793 --> 00:16:04,786
To fill in the rest of the picture
and visualize Titanic's final moments,
262
00:16:04,864 --> 00:16:08,994
we need to go underwater
and take a closer look at the damage.
263
00:16:09,836 --> 00:16:11,326
I see the wreck.
264
00:16:12,672 --> 00:16:14,037
I see ii.
265
00:16:17,176 --> 00:16:19,804
Mir il, mir il, this is mir I.
266
00:16:19,879 --> 00:16:20,879
Depth is 3,353 meters.
267
00:16:28,654 --> 00:16:29,916
I love this stuff
268
00:16:30,423 --> 00:16:31,856
exploration.
269
00:16:31,924 --> 00:16:34,722
Real, honest-to-god,
deep-ocean exploration.
270
00:16:37,897 --> 00:16:39,831
To me,
it's an alternative to making movies,
271
00:16:40,066 --> 00:16:43,229
and it's something that
I can use my skills as a filmmaker.
272
00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:48,800
which is as technically challenging,
as emotionally challenging,
273
00:16:46,105 --> 00:16:53,068
It's about creating the technology.
274
00:16:53,145 --> 00:16:57,275
It's about the personal challenge of actually
going into this hostile environment,
275
00:16:57,350 --> 00:17:02,344
doing things right, doing things safely,
and coming back with results.
276
00:17:02,889 --> 00:17:04,652
Say goodbye to the surface world.
277
00:17:08,094 --> 00:17:10,995
I've been a wreck diver
for many years at scuba depths.
278
00:17:11,063 --> 00:17:14,897
I love shipwrecks. I love the romance
and the mystery of shipwrecks.
279
00:17:14,967 --> 00:17:18,664
And the Titanic's the ultimate wreck.
It's the Everest of shipwrecks.
280
00:17:18,738 --> 00:17:21,764
And I said,
"let's do a real expedition to the Titanic
281
00:17:21,841 --> 00:17:23,832
"to shoot scenes for the movie."
282
00:17:23,910 --> 00:17:27,277
And this was all new territory,
nobody had ever really done this before.
283
00:17:27,346 --> 00:17:29,143
But looking into the darkness here
284
00:17:29,215 --> 00:17:32,844
and wondering what was beyond,
what's down there, you know,
285
00:17:32,919 --> 00:17:37,913
is what led me to want to go back and
explore it thoroughly with new technology.
286
00:17:38,324 --> 00:17:40,121
So, of course,
as soon as the movie was done,
287
00:17:40,493 --> 00:17:43,087
I was immediately planning
my next expedition.
288
00:17:46,365 --> 00:17:47,730
Okay, dive one.
289
00:17:47,800 --> 00:17:50,240
It's gonna be jb and bill in mir I,
and me and Vince in mir I.
290
00:17:54,407 --> 00:17:57,001
Come in here, explore these rooms.
291
00:17:57,843 --> 00:18:00,277
Up until our 2001 expedition,
292
00:18:00,346 --> 00:18:04,248
no one had attempted an extensive survey
of the interior of the wreck.
293
00:18:06,118 --> 00:18:09,952
So, when we went back for
the 3D documentary ghosts of the abyss,
294
00:18:10,022 --> 00:18:12,889
we developed remotely operated vehicles,
or rovs.
295
00:18:12,959 --> 00:18:14,290
We call them "bots."
296
00:18:14,627 --> 00:18:17,824
Built to withstand the incredible pressure
at that depth,
297
00:18:18,898 --> 00:18:21,332
they could maneuver through
small holes in the wreckage
298
00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:24,995
and explore up to 2,000 feet
from the manned sub.
299
00:18:26,038 --> 00:18:29,565
Previous rovs had been leashed
to the sub by a short, bulky tether.
300
00:18:30,443 --> 00:18:35,039
Our state-of-the-art mini rovs,
affectionately nicknamed Jake and elwood,
301
00:18:35,114 --> 00:18:36,706
had an on board power supply
302
00:18:37,249 --> 00:18:40,343
and just needed a spool
of hair-thin fiber-optic cable
303
00:18:40,419 --> 00:18:44,048
to receive directions and send
the live video feed back to my sub.
304
00:18:46,092 --> 00:18:48,770
As I guided them through the wreck,
they unwound this cable behind them,
305
00:18:48,794 --> 00:18:52,787
like theseus unwinding the ball of twine
as he explored the labyrinth.
306
00:18:53,499 --> 00:18:57,435
This made it possible, for the first time,
to film interior areas of the wreck
307
00:18:57,503 --> 00:19:00,666
that hadn't been seen
since the night Titanic sank.
308
00:19:01,374 --> 00:19:04,832
The bots are finally going to Titanic.
Three years in the making.
309
00:19:05,044 --> 00:19:06,170
See you on the bottom.
310
00:19:09,949 --> 00:19:12,440
Since my first expedition,
I've gone back twice.
311
00:19:15,655 --> 00:19:17,088
Sight enabled.
312
00:19:18,924 --> 00:19:21,222
Comm link, camera power.
313
00:19:21,293 --> 00:19:23,659
All right. I think we're ready to fly.
314
00:19:25,498 --> 00:19:27,295
Elwood's coming out.
315
00:19:32,071 --> 00:19:33,629
Pretty cool.
316
00:19:35,608 --> 00:19:37,473
Looking good, elwood.
317
00:19:38,544 --> 00:19:41,672
Tell him to go ahead, we'll meet
in the center of the grand staircase.
318
00:19:47,753 --> 00:19:50,620
I've shot hundreds of hours
of archeological survey footage
319
00:19:50,690 --> 00:19:52,214
inside the wreck.
320
00:20:03,502 --> 00:20:05,834
Now they're where I wanted to be.
321
00:20:06,238 --> 00:20:09,332
Those are the lead stained-glass windows.
322
00:20:10,743 --> 00:20:13,405
Look at that. Unbelievable.
323
00:20:15,481 --> 00:20:17,847
And another thing
that's absolutely fascinating is
324
00:20:18,317 --> 00:20:20,808
this idea of telepresence.
325
00:20:21,787 --> 00:20:26,417
When you fly an rov,
after the first few minutes,
326
00:20:26,492 --> 00:20:28,892
and really for subsequent hours at a time,
327
00:20:28,961 --> 00:20:32,192
you completely forget
your physical human existence.
328
00:20:36,001 --> 00:20:37,127
What's going on?
329
00:20:37,369 --> 00:20:39,166
And you become that vehicle.
330
00:20:39,238 --> 00:20:41,798
It's almost like you can feel
what it's feeling.
331
00:21:04,897 --> 00:21:07,832
This is what you get when you get
the lighting in the right place.
332
00:21:07,900 --> 00:21:10,994
You get a good sense
of the depth of the space.
333
00:21:11,737 --> 00:21:14,001
That's right in front of the elevators,
I believe.
334
00:21:14,073 --> 00:21:17,042
There's a well-preserved brass bed here.
335
00:21:17,109 --> 00:21:19,907
I'd be in the other sub
outside, navigating...
336
00:21:20,012 --> 00:21:21,252
I think on this dive, you were.
337
00:21:21,280 --> 00:21:23,009
Yeah. We could see Jim inside.
338
00:21:23,082 --> 00:21:25,127
Every now and then,
you could see the little light in there.
339
00:21:25,151 --> 00:21:28,609
And you knew, "okay, Jim, we need to move
a little bit farther aft, because..."
340
00:21:28,687 --> 00:21:31,713
"Yes, yes, all right.”
then he flips it up and moves back,
341
00:21:31,791 --> 00:21:33,782
and then you got to
get in the current just right.
342
00:21:33,859 --> 00:21:35,724
And then, "okay, Jim, we're coming,
343
00:21:35,795 --> 00:21:37,539
"but we are kind of
caught in current here."
344
00:21:37,563 --> 00:21:39,861
Then we'd do a pass.
"Jim, how did that look?"
345
00:21:39,932 --> 00:21:41,365
And there'd be a pause.
346
00:21:41,433 --> 00:21:44,459
"Love it, love it, love it. Do it again!"
Something like that.
347
00:21:44,537 --> 00:21:46,596
So, they were maneuvering 18 tons
out there
348
00:21:46,672 --> 00:21:48,435
to get one light through a porthole.
349
00:21:49,441 --> 00:21:51,636
Rising up and aiming the light downward.
350
00:21:55,147 --> 00:21:56,409
There's... turn.
351
00:21:56,949 --> 00:21:58,041
That's good!
352
00:21:58,350 --> 00:22:00,250
I made 33 dives to Titanic.
353
00:22:00,953 --> 00:22:04,480
Laying eyes on the site is
one of the most important forensic tools.
354
00:22:05,391 --> 00:22:06,722
The power of observation.
355
00:22:08,394 --> 00:22:11,921
Some of the damage is self-evident,
easy to understand.
356
00:22:12,832 --> 00:22:14,959
Other aspects are baffling.
357
00:22:15,601 --> 00:22:19,731
Like cops at a crime scene,
we're inventorying all the evidence.
358
00:22:21,040 --> 00:22:25,204
Now we can begin to rewind the clock
and start to put these pieces back together
359
00:22:26,345 --> 00:22:28,711
to tell the story of
Titanic's final moments.
360
00:22:29,281 --> 00:22:32,114
You've got to get to the night
the ship hit the bottom.
361
00:22:32,184 --> 00:22:34,015
What happened when it hit the bottom?
362
00:22:34,086 --> 00:22:37,453
Then you've got to be able to separate out
all the bottom impact damage
363
00:22:37,556 --> 00:22:40,389
from what might have happened
as it descended through the water column.
364
00:22:41,126 --> 00:22:42,252
It's important to know that
365
00:22:42,328 --> 00:22:42,794
things that people have identified as
possibly iceberg damage probably aren't.
366
00:22:42,795 --> 00:22:50,795
A good example of this is
the so-called "big opening,”
367
00:22:50,903 --> 00:22:54,270
a hole blasted in the starboard side
of Titanic's bow.
368
00:22:55,207 --> 00:22:59,143
We now know it isn't iceberg damage.
But how do we explain it,
369
00:22:59,645 --> 00:23:01,738
and the other destruction to the bow?
370
00:23:02,514 --> 00:23:02,536
It hit first here,
pushed forward as it settled.
371
00:23:02,548 --> 00:23:06,211
It hit first here,
pushed forward as it settled.
372
00:23:06,719 --> 00:23:09,381
So, the question is,
what did it do when it hit?
373
00:23:09,788 --> 00:23:13,815
It hits, crushes like that, momentarily.
374
00:23:14,126 --> 00:23:17,618
This stops moving at that point,
other than to slide forward.
375
00:23:18,530 --> 00:23:21,499
And then it's got a mound of debris
underneath it,
376
00:23:21,567 --> 00:23:24,468
and it bends the other way when it lands.
377
00:23:24,803 --> 00:23:27,465
And I'll show you
what that looks like in animation,
378
00:23:27,539 --> 00:23:31,134
because we thought about this a lot
when we animated it.
379
00:23:31,210 --> 00:23:33,440
Take me a second to find it here.
380
00:23:34,914 --> 00:23:36,973
Okay, we made this in "95, for the movie.
381
00:23:37,049 --> 00:23:40,212
I still think it's a useful reference
for the bow's impact,
382
00:23:40,853 --> 00:23:44,118
even though
some of the other details aren't right.
383
00:23:44,556 --> 00:23:49,186
This is arrival.
There is the initial deformation,
384
00:23:50,429 --> 00:23:54,160
which actually puts the forward well deck
in compression,
385
00:23:54,233 --> 00:23:56,861
probably buckled in compression,
at that point.
386
00:23:56,936 --> 00:24:01,305
And that's the point
at which the big opening starts.
387
00:24:01,373 --> 00:24:03,933
'Cause it's actually getting exercised
in two directions.
388
00:24:04,009 --> 00:24:07,069
And then the back end now is falling,
falling down,
389
00:24:08,013 --> 00:24:11,210
and is hitting and compressing.
390
00:24:11,717 --> 00:24:14,845
Is that the cover I saw?
The hatch cover flying off, there.
391
00:24:14,920 --> 00:24:17,218
Right, exactly. We animated that.
392
00:24:17,289 --> 00:24:21,385
The hatch, it's the farthest piece
of the ship from the breakup.
393
00:24:22,962 --> 00:24:24,953
How did this thing get out there?
394
00:24:25,030 --> 00:24:27,430
Jim, those forces, to snap bolts...
395
00:24:27,499 --> 00:24:29,797
I mean, that's something
I can't get my mind around.
396
00:24:29,868 --> 00:24:32,860
So either at the moment of initial impact,
397
00:24:32,938 --> 00:24:35,566
or at the moment
that the ship slams down,
398
00:24:41,547 --> 00:24:45,415
So you've got some internal over-pressure
here, that's hydraulic.
399
00:24:45,484 --> 00:24:48,783
And over the large area
of that number one hatch,
400
00:24:48,854 --> 00:24:51,220
it just breaks every bolt at the same time.
401
00:24:51,290 --> 00:24:56,023
The hatch doesn't peel off sequentially,
it's an evenly distributed over-pressure.
402
00:24:56,095 --> 00:24:58,791
It just breaks
every bolt head simultaneously.
403
00:24:59,331 --> 00:25:01,822
Hydraulic outburst accounts
for the mysterious placement
404
00:25:01,900 --> 00:25:03,834
of the number one hatch.
405
00:25:04,403 --> 00:25:06,598
The damage we see to the bow
is more extensive
406
00:25:06,672 --> 00:25:09,664
than simply the force of impact
at the bottom.
407
00:25:10,843 --> 00:25:14,040
What could have possibly happened
as the bow plummeted two and a half miles,
408
00:25:14,113 --> 00:25:16,274
down to the ocean floor?
409
00:25:21,453 --> 00:25:23,944
She hits the berg on
the starboard side, right?
410
00:25:24,023 --> 00:25:26,651
She kind of bumps along, punching holes
like morse code...
411
00:25:26,725 --> 00:25:29,193
In a scene from the movie Titanic,
we used animation
412
00:25:29,261 --> 00:25:31,195
to illustrate for Rose's character
413
00:25:31,630 --> 00:25:34,190
what we thought had happened
as the ship sank.
414
00:25:34,266 --> 00:25:37,599
So now as the bow goes down,
the stern rises up...
415
00:25:37,669 --> 00:25:41,799
Since then, we've come a long way
in our cg modeling and 3D animation,
416
00:25:41,874 --> 00:25:45,002
but most importantly
in our understanding of the disaster.
417
00:25:45,077 --> 00:25:48,877
So, what happens?
She splits, right down to the keel.
418
00:25:48,947 --> 00:25:53,145
The bow section planes away,
landing about a half a mile away,
419
00:25:53,218 --> 00:25:55,982
going 20, 30 knots
when it hits the ocean floor.
420
00:25:59,792 --> 00:26:01,054
Pretty cool, huh?
421
00:26:01,126 --> 00:26:05,392
Thank you for that fine
forensic analysis, Mr. bodine.
422
00:26:06,632 --> 00:26:09,294
Of course, the experience of it was...
423
00:26:10,569 --> 00:26:12,366
Somewhat different.
424
00:26:12,504 --> 00:26:14,972
Okay, this '95 animation
tells a good story,
425
00:26:15,307 --> 00:26:17,434
but some of the forensic details
aren't quite right.
426
00:26:17,509 --> 00:26:21,275
So with what we're learning now
in our current investigation,
427
00:26:21,346 --> 00:26:23,405
we're going to get to update this.
428
00:26:23,482 --> 00:26:27,748
It's pulling the whole ship down.
It now breaks. There's a relaxation.
429
00:26:29,688 --> 00:26:33,784
It's pulling it down, it rips away,
and then natural flooding.
430
00:26:33,992 --> 00:26:37,621
This is a big deal for me.
I've wanted to do this for a long time.
431
00:26:38,197 --> 00:26:41,928
A detailed and thoroughly accurate
visualization of Titanic sinking
432
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:43,399
does not exist.
433
00:26:43,469 --> 00:26:45,130
Working with animator Casey schatz
434
00:26:45,204 --> 00:26:47,900
and naval system engineer,
parks stephenson by remote,
435
00:26:48,440 --> 00:26:50,965
I'm gonna improve
what we did 15 years ago.
436
00:26:52,711 --> 00:26:54,975
This looks great.
This is the sum total of everything
437
00:26:55,047 --> 00:26:57,845
that you and parks have been working on
over the last few weeks.
438
00:26:57,916 --> 00:27:00,180
- Yeah.
- L1 think it looks awesome.
439
00:27:00,252 --> 00:27:02,277
All right, let's go to the bow section.
440
00:27:02,354 --> 00:27:04,265
It's nice when you see it in
scale like this, isn't it?
441
00:27:04,289 --> 00:27:05,551
Oh, yeah. Totally!
442
00:27:05,624 --> 00:27:08,422
It just makes sense. When you see it
in scale, it all makes sense.
443
00:27:08,494 --> 00:27:11,255
And this is accurate, the ship is to scale
to the water column, right?
444
00:27:11,296 --> 00:27:13,230
Absolutely, I've been ocd
about everything.
445
00:27:13,298 --> 00:27:14,390
Okay.
446
00:27:14,867 --> 00:27:16,198
Not shocked by that.
447
00:27:17,136 --> 00:27:21,095
See? That's it, man. That's exactly
the way I always pictured it.
448
00:27:21,173 --> 00:27:24,802
So the stern is actually
only a few lengths behind.
449
00:27:25,277 --> 00:27:29,338
Yeah, it was surprising,
but it follows down fairly closely.
450
00:27:29,414 --> 00:27:32,645
Yeah, see, everybody always talks about
how it's planing forward.
451
00:27:32,718 --> 00:27:36,518
Yeah, it's planing forward, but if you looked
at this, you'd just say it was falling.
452
00:27:36,588 --> 00:27:40,615
Yes, it's planing forward,
and that accounts for its displacement.
453
00:27:40,893 --> 00:27:45,489
But it's one forward and six down,
so it's basically just falling.
454
00:27:45,797 --> 00:27:50,598
It dives and stalls.
And when it stalls, it moves forward.
455
00:27:50,836 --> 00:27:54,135
And then it dives and goes down,
and then it stalls and moves forward.
456
00:27:54,873 --> 00:27:56,841
We can't complete our update
of the animation
457
00:27:56,909 --> 00:27:59,241
till we answer some more questions.
458
00:27:59,311 --> 00:28:01,905
Let's keep working backwards
from the wreck.
459
00:28:02,581 --> 00:28:05,175
We've analyzed the force of impact
with the bottom,
460
00:28:05,250 --> 00:28:08,447
but that doesn't explain
all the observable damage.
461
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:10,886
What could have possibly happened
as the bow plummeted
462
00:28:10,956 --> 00:28:14,084
two-and-a-half miles
down to the ocean floor?
463
00:28:14,159 --> 00:28:14,181
To me, one of the fun parts of this
is looking at what happened to the bow
464
00:28:14,193 --> 00:28:17,113
to me, one of the fun parts of this
is looking at what happened to the bow
465
00:28:19,998 --> 00:28:22,899
right when it departed the surface.
466
00:28:22,968 --> 00:28:26,028
And looking at the evidence
for that high flow rate,
467
00:28:26,104 --> 00:28:28,629
that high longitudinal flow rate.
468
00:28:30,309 --> 00:28:34,336
Weighing at least 20,000 tons,
Titanic's bow tore away from the stern
469
00:28:34,413 --> 00:28:38,372
and plunged downward at a speed
of 25 to 30 miles per hour.
470
00:28:48,794 --> 00:28:51,194
This is the forward well deck of Titanic.
471
00:28:51,663 --> 00:28:55,997
And you can see there,
that kind of tubular object is the mast.
472
00:28:58,036 --> 00:28:59,333
You see the mast?
473
00:29:02,674 --> 00:29:06,974
We are up on the top of the deckhouse
right now, I think, aren't we?
474
00:29:07,045 --> 00:29:10,537
Yes! Just hold right on this. This is good.
475
00:29:20,726 --> 00:29:23,593
Do we have any pictures
of that area handy?
476
00:29:23,996 --> 00:29:27,397
Maybe one of Ken's paintings
is a better jumping off point.
477
00:29:27,466 --> 00:29:29,696
Yeah, that's the wreck section there.
478
00:29:29,768 --> 00:29:32,828
Ken feels very connected to Titanic.
479
00:29:32,904 --> 00:29:36,305
And quite honestly,
the movie was pitched using his paintings.
480
00:29:36,375 --> 00:29:40,471
I just opened up the big double-truck
spread of his glorious painting
481
00:29:40,545 --> 00:29:42,376
of the ship going down
with its lights blazing
482
00:29:42,447 --> 00:29:44,438
and the rockets being fired off,
483
00:29:44,516 --> 00:29:46,507
showed it to the studio executives
and said,
484
00:29:47,019 --> 00:29:49,214
"this ship, Romeo and Juliet.”
485
00:29:50,355 --> 00:29:53,085
And that's it.
It was probably the shortest pitch
486
00:29:53,158 --> 00:29:56,093
relative to the amount of money it raised
in the history of movies.
487
00:29:56,161 --> 00:29:58,640
Well, yeah, you can actually
see it pretty well in this painting.
488
00:29:58,664 --> 00:30:01,360
This is a good image.
Let's keep this image up.
489
00:30:03,368 --> 00:30:05,563
So, let's see what we've got.
490
00:30:05,904 --> 00:30:08,600
We got a mast that's knocked aft.
491
00:30:08,674 --> 00:30:12,201
So what force knocked the mast aft,
and then kept it there?
492
00:30:12,277 --> 00:30:15,804
Even though the ship hit the bottom
with a slight forward vector.
493
00:30:15,881 --> 00:30:19,578
All of the b deck, forward-facing windows,
494
00:30:20,352 --> 00:30:23,480
broken, broken, broken,
and that one's broken.
495
00:30:24,489 --> 00:30:27,390
So, to me, that all adds up to
496
00:30:27,893 --> 00:30:30,828
a very strong longitudinal flow
over the ship,
497
00:30:30,896 --> 00:30:35,765
sufficient not only to break the mast,
but to get that mast into position,
498
00:30:35,834 --> 00:30:40,703
and then allow it to shelter these windows
from a peak hydrodynamic pressure,
499
00:30:40,772 --> 00:30:43,002
which subsequently broke those windows.
500
00:30:44,943 --> 00:30:47,571
And when the bow broke away
and started speeding up,
501
00:30:47,646 --> 00:30:50,513
that's also what tore the crane off
502
00:30:50,582 --> 00:30:54,484
and the jib on this crane
went down behind it there.
503
00:30:54,953 --> 00:30:57,581
Where we find the mast today on the wreck
504
00:30:59,491 --> 00:31:04,485
is clearly a result of the bow section
breaking away from the stern
505
00:31:11,236 --> 00:31:13,500
And diving toward the bottom.
506
00:31:17,142 --> 00:31:18,769
And that initial speed,
507
00:31:18,844 --> 00:31:24,043
which could have gotten up to as high
as maybe 40 knots or something like that.
508
00:31:24,282 --> 00:31:28,742
That pressure of sea water pushing back,
it's too much for the mast.
509
00:31:29,121 --> 00:31:34,787
It just bent back, and probably bashed
around a little bit for a few seconds,
510
00:31:34,860 --> 00:31:37,658
destroyed the wheelhouse,
which was made of wood,
511
00:31:37,729 --> 00:31:40,789
and ended up right in that position.
512
00:31:41,867 --> 00:31:44,893
Hydrodynamic flow,
or the force of the racing water,
513
00:31:44,970 --> 00:31:47,097
caused considerable damage.
514
00:31:50,008 --> 00:31:55,674
So, this was our attempt to show
the mast doing that, in the '95 animation.
515
00:31:56,948 --> 00:32:01,044
So here is the mast coming back,
hits the wheelhouse,
516
00:32:01,119 --> 00:32:03,383
wheelhouse starts to peel off.
517
00:32:03,455 --> 00:32:05,923
Mast is kind of bouncing around
in that area,
518
00:32:06,291 --> 00:32:08,885
and then the wheelhouse
disintegrates in the flow.
519
00:32:09,928 --> 00:32:13,489
And I think it was more dramatic than that.
I think it was like a house in a hurricane.
520
00:32:13,565 --> 00:32:15,624
I think it just went in one.
521
00:32:15,700 --> 00:32:17,759
You know how,
when the house will start to lift,
522
00:32:17,836 --> 00:32:20,270
and then there's a moment
where it just goes
523
00:32:20,338 --> 00:32:22,670
because it gets too much
of an angle of attack.
524
00:32:22,741 --> 00:32:26,177
I don't think it just peeled away
like that. I think it kind of like...
525
00:32:26,244 --> 00:32:27,336
Yeah. Yeah.
526
00:32:27,412 --> 00:32:30,904
Okay, we'll make sure to get this right
when I update the animation.
527
00:32:30,982 --> 00:32:34,213
But for now, the hydrodynamic flow
can't explain all of this damage.
528
00:32:48,333 --> 00:32:51,166
This deckhouse wall is pushed outward.
529
00:32:51,937 --> 00:32:56,465
Same on the other side, pushed outward.
Why just that? Why not all of it?
530
00:32:56,775 --> 00:32:59,209
- This roof is mushroomed.
- Yeah.
531
00:32:59,277 --> 00:33:03,179
Mushroomed out or pancaked down
with extreme force,
532
00:33:03,682 --> 00:33:08,210
and the top of the gymnasium
is bent down. The windows are all bent.
533
00:33:08,286 --> 00:33:12,120
That's not sag. It was buckled down.
534
00:33:12,190 --> 00:33:16,752
The roof was found to be sagged in with
a few pieces of funnel shell on that side.
535
00:33:17,329 --> 00:33:20,059
What caused this damage?
Are we missing something?
536
00:33:21,299 --> 00:33:24,666
So you've got this big wreck
coming down through the water column,
537
00:33:24,736 --> 00:33:26,067
it's pulling water down with it
538
00:33:26,137 --> 00:33:29,470
and it's been moving for miles,
literally at 25 miles an hour,
539
00:33:29,541 --> 00:33:33,033
pulling along this wake behind it,
just like the wake behind a race car
540
00:33:33,111 --> 00:33:35,909
that another race car can get into
and kind of draft.
541
00:33:35,981 --> 00:33:38,506
So there's all this moving water,
a big column of water.
542
00:33:38,583 --> 00:33:42,110
Ship hits the bottom, stops suddenly.
The column of water does not stop.
543
00:33:42,187 --> 00:33:45,623
It comes down on top of the ship,
pancakes down the roof,
544
00:33:45,690 --> 00:33:50,354
crushes down the decks,
and then spreads out across the sea floor.
545
00:33:50,428 --> 00:33:53,261
So it actually winds up
moving kind of horizontally
546
00:33:53,331 --> 00:33:55,561
and blowing objects away from the ship.
547
00:33:59,137 --> 00:34:02,368
Do we have any data on
the magnitude of the down blast?
548
00:34:03,375 --> 00:34:06,902
The hydro guy in me says that
it can't be all that huge.
549
00:34:06,978 --> 00:34:11,074
We are talking about buckling
and deforming in a big way,
550
00:34:11,149 --> 00:34:13,447
these moderate-sized structural members.
551
00:34:13,518 --> 00:34:17,511
And the total mass of water can't be
any much more than the mass of the ship.
552
00:34:18,290 --> 00:34:20,554
- Down blast is enormous.
- Okay.
553
00:34:20,625 --> 00:34:24,026
It's huge loading per square inch.
554
00:34:24,529 --> 00:34:28,397
Yeah, I professionally disagree
with that statement.
555
00:34:28,466 --> 00:34:30,900
It can't be the momentum
of the deck mushrooming,
556
00:34:30,969 --> 00:34:33,733
and then plastically deforming
and remaining there in permanent set?
557
00:34:33,939 --> 00:34:35,483
Plastically deforming just from inertia?
558
00:34:35,507 --> 00:34:38,476
So, the deck is falling,
falling, falling, stopping,
559
00:34:38,543 --> 00:34:40,977
there's nothing supporting
the middle of the deck, it just...
560
00:34:41,580 --> 00:34:43,343
Yeah. It's got water underneath it
561
00:34:43,415 --> 00:34:45,975
that needs to be compressed
out of the way for it to deform.
562
00:34:46,051 --> 00:34:49,214
What it does is, as it squashes the ship,
563
00:34:49,287 --> 00:34:52,085
it increases pressure
on the water inside the ship,
564
00:34:52,157 --> 00:34:54,853
which can't be compressed like air.
565
00:34:54,926 --> 00:34:58,555
So it has a hydraulic effect, just like
the fluid in a hydraulic cylinder,
566
00:34:58,630 --> 00:35:00,598
and it tends to blow things out the side.
567
00:35:00,665 --> 00:35:05,659
So this thing stops cold, and you've got
50,000 tons of water moving above it
568
00:35:07,472 --> 00:35:09,963
at, still, 30 miles an hour.
569
00:35:10,041 --> 00:35:14,205
That's 30 knots coming down.
Whatever its sinking speed was.
570
00:35:14,813 --> 00:35:17,407
Which is the equivalent of the flow here
that broke the mast,
571
00:35:17,482 --> 00:35:23,079
and broke all these windows, and peeled
off the davits, and did all that.
572
00:35:23,488 --> 00:35:27,185
They like to say that the steel
doesn't lie, but I like to...
573
00:35:28,026 --> 00:35:31,405
I think I'd revise that. I'd say that the
steel probably tells more complicated stories
574
00:35:31,429 --> 00:35:35,331
than we can tell from
how it's lying on the bottom of the ocean.
575
00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:37,698
There's two different energies going here.
576
00:35:37,769 --> 00:35:41,000
Number one, it took off, did this.
577
00:35:41,072 --> 00:35:44,803
Flow passed, weakened
a lot of these structures up here.
578
00:35:45,477 --> 00:35:49,880
Then it hit, and those weakened structures,
which were moving with the ship,
579
00:35:49,948 --> 00:35:51,711
all of a sudden, they do this.
580
00:35:51,783 --> 00:35:54,411
And then on top of this,
then you have your down blast.
581
00:35:54,486 --> 00:35:55,526
So it's a combined effect.
582
00:35:55,553 --> 00:35:57,077
Sure, it's definitely combined.
583
00:35:57,155 --> 00:36:01,023
I think that the steel and the water
are kind of flowing together.
584
00:36:01,092 --> 00:36:02,889
I agree with parks on that, absolutely.
585
00:36:04,262 --> 00:36:07,425
But there is one curious detail
that baffles me.
586
00:36:07,499 --> 00:36:11,060
All the windows of the officers' quarters
on the boat deck are open.
587
00:36:11,136 --> 00:36:14,003
The air was freezing that night,
they wouldn't have opened them.
588
00:36:14,072 --> 00:36:17,303
So, who or what opened
those heavy-latched windows?
589
00:36:20,512 --> 00:36:23,913
So the interesting thing is, why are
these windows all open and forward?
590
00:36:24,983 --> 00:36:27,983
- Yeah, that is really interesting.
- Well, it went... the very front one...
591
00:36:28,053 --> 00:36:30,578
- No, but why are they unlatched?
- Why are they unlatched?
592
00:36:30,655 --> 00:36:32,714
- Unlatched is a different deal.
- It's down blast.
593
00:36:32,791 --> 00:36:34,368
We know why they're forward,
the hinges are that way.
594
00:36:34,392 --> 00:36:37,156
It's the overhead
just getting enough of a compression,
595
00:36:37,228 --> 00:36:40,288
'cause this is right under it,
and all those windows...
596
00:36:41,700 --> 00:36:42,894
So they just blew open.
597
00:36:42,967 --> 00:36:45,492
But why wouldn't it just break the glass?
598
00:36:45,570 --> 00:36:49,097
Why would it unhinge
solid brass hinges and latches?
599
00:36:49,174 --> 00:36:50,300
Yeah, one after another.
600
00:36:50,375 --> 00:36:52,319
Keep in mind,
there's two ways to latch this window.
601
00:36:52,343 --> 00:36:56,336
There's a day latch, which is done from
the casement, like we would all think of.
602
00:36:56,781 --> 00:36:59,443
- And then there is a storm...
- Which is this thing.
603
00:36:59,718 --> 00:37:01,345
Yeah, that's an eccentric.
604
00:37:01,419 --> 00:37:03,717
You close the window, you turn the crank,
605
00:37:03,788 --> 00:37:06,757
the eccentric shifts,
and it pins that window in place.
606
00:37:06,825 --> 00:37:10,955
That's not latched, so there's a day latch
that is actuated from the inside, right?
607
00:37:11,029 --> 00:37:14,487
If that handle weighed
more than the latching side,
608
00:37:14,566 --> 00:37:17,626
when the ship flopped down to the bottom,
all those handles flipped open?
609
00:37:17,702 --> 00:37:20,227
No, I think what happened is,
610
00:37:21,740 --> 00:37:26,336
the spindle that goes in
probably just failed from tension.
611
00:37:26,411 --> 00:37:30,279
A lot of times, people will look
at a device from the victorian period
612
00:37:30,348 --> 00:37:33,511
and go, "well, what's this for?"
And they will make up an answer.
613
00:37:33,585 --> 00:37:35,329
And unfortunately,
it's the wrong answer because
614
00:37:35,353 --> 00:37:39,653
our understanding of machinery
is different from the ones at the time.
615
00:37:39,724 --> 00:37:40,782
Oh, okay.
616
00:37:40,859 --> 00:37:43,370
Because it's a fairly large area,
and it's at the end of the fulcrum.
617
00:37:43,394 --> 00:37:45,439
Yeah, I see what you are saying.
Sure, it just blew them open.
618
00:37:45,463 --> 00:37:47,241
- Yes. It's not meant to...
- But didn't break the glass?
619
00:37:47,265 --> 00:37:48,665
And that was weaker than the glass.
620
00:37:48,700 --> 00:37:49,810
- But didn't break the glass.
- Yeah.
621
00:37:49,834 --> 00:37:53,235
Bill sauder very modestly says
he knows the ship better than the builders,
622
00:37:53,304 --> 00:37:54,965
and I actually believe he does.
623
00:37:55,039 --> 00:37:58,304
He's the curator of an enormous collection
of Titanic artifacts.
624
00:37:58,910 --> 00:38:00,377
He has more day-to-day contact
625
00:38:00,445 --> 00:38:03,642
with the physical remains
of the ship than anyone.
626
00:38:04,682 --> 00:38:08,448
The one thing I'll remember about
Titanic artifacts, to the day I die,
627
00:38:08,520 --> 00:38:11,455
is when the saalfeld perfume vials
came up.
628
00:38:12,390 --> 00:38:17,384
When you recover stuff from the Titanic,
it's wet, it's rusty, and it's rotten.
629
00:38:17,796 --> 00:38:23,257
And the smell that comes off it
is perfectly alien, perfectly fetid.
630
00:38:23,902 --> 00:38:27,770
You know it's a kind of death
you have never experienced.
631
00:38:29,174 --> 00:38:31,199
So the lab is kind of unpleasant,
632
00:38:31,543 --> 00:38:36,503
and then all of a sudden somebody opens
up this satchel, this leather satchel,
633
00:38:36,581 --> 00:38:39,141
and out comes the fragrance of heaven.
634
00:38:39,217 --> 00:38:43,779
It's all these flowers and fruity flavors,
635
00:38:43,855 --> 00:38:45,049
and it's delicious.
636
00:38:45,123 --> 00:38:47,819
It's the most wonderful thing
you've ever had.
637
00:38:50,562 --> 00:38:54,794
It was just a complete,
overwhelming experience.
638
00:38:54,866 --> 00:38:59,599
It was like, all of a sudden the fragrance
of heaven kind of goes through the room.
639
00:39:01,673 --> 00:39:06,508
Instead of being surrounded by
all of these dead things,
640
00:39:10,882 --> 00:39:14,045
for those few minutes,
the ship was alive again.
641
00:39:29,534 --> 00:39:31,764
Okay, we're filling in the picture
642
00:39:32,237 --> 00:39:35,035
from the flow, to the impact,
to the down blast.
643
00:39:35,573 --> 00:39:38,599
I understand the damage to Titanic's bow,
644
00:39:39,310 --> 00:39:41,369
but the stern is
a completely different story.
645
00:39:41,446 --> 00:39:45,075
It shattered beyond recognition,
like it was hit by a bomb.
646
00:39:45,149 --> 00:39:46,480
We're gonna figure out why.
647
00:39:52,490 --> 00:39:54,253
Well, my name is Ken marschall.
648
00:39:54,559 --> 00:39:58,222
I've been studying the Titanic
for over three decades now.
649
00:39:59,464 --> 00:40:01,523
I called Ken marschall
to this investigation
650
00:40:01,599 --> 00:40:04,124
because he knows the wreck site
better than anyone.
651
00:40:04,202 --> 00:40:08,138
He has created these remarkable paintings
that stand even today
652
00:40:08,206 --> 00:40:11,664
as a definitive guide to Titanic,
in life and in death.
653
00:40:17,782 --> 00:40:21,183
After 30 years
of studying the ship so intently
654
00:40:21,252 --> 00:40:24,016
and painting the ship so many times,
a hundred times,
655
00:40:24,088 --> 00:40:26,613
to see this thing in three dimensions
and be standing here,
656
00:40:26,691 --> 00:40:28,921
I am absolutely speechless.
657
00:40:29,127 --> 00:40:33,257
I've been painting Titanic
since the late 1960s.
658
00:40:33,598 --> 00:40:36,396
1967, actually, was my first painting.
659
00:40:38,803 --> 00:40:41,363
Ken has a keen visual memory
and the talent to composite
660
00:40:41,439 --> 00:40:44,738
hundreds of separate images
into these big picture mosaics.
661
00:40:46,577 --> 00:40:49,910
He is especially invaluable
with the internal archeological survey
662
00:40:49,981 --> 00:40:51,505
that we did with the robotics,
663
00:40:51,582 --> 00:40:54,073
because he can actually look at something
and identify it.
664
00:40:54,152 --> 00:40:57,598
There will be big brass letters that will say,
"a deck," "b deck," "c deck," or "d deck,"
665
00:40:57,622 --> 00:40:59,903
the first thing you see
when you come out of the elevator.
666
00:41:01,492 --> 00:41:05,087
And there it is. Bingo, baby! Bingo!
Tell him, bingo.
667
00:41:09,167 --> 00:41:12,830
With my paintbrush,
I've been spending truly my adult lifetime,
668
00:41:12,904 --> 00:41:15,429
I feel, subconsciously trying
669
00:41:15,506 --> 00:41:20,443
to bring all those souls back to life,
in a weird way.
670
00:41:21,612 --> 00:41:25,480
To honor their memory,
to keep it alive in peoples' memory.
671
00:41:27,285 --> 00:41:29,253
The ship and the people.
672
00:41:35,093 --> 00:41:39,393
When Bob Ballard's expedition
with the French found the wreck in 1985,
673
00:41:39,464 --> 00:41:43,059
the first images confirmed
that the ship had broken apart.
674
00:41:44,435 --> 00:41:48,030
But it was impossible to
see the entire wreck in one shot,
675
00:41:49,340 --> 00:41:53,037
so Ballard's publisher enlisted me
to paint composites,
676
00:41:53,111 --> 00:41:57,605
big-picture views of the ship created
from studying hundreds of close-ups.
677
00:41:59,951 --> 00:42:03,148
And that was my first exposure
to the wreck,
678
00:42:03,221 --> 00:42:08,158
other than the few pictures I'd seen
in magazines or in the news.
679
00:42:10,628 --> 00:42:14,359
Seeing all of this imagery
for the first time,
680
00:42:14,632 --> 00:42:19,035
Bob setting me up in a room downstairs,
right below his lab.
681
00:42:19,871 --> 00:42:24,740
Thousands of feet of individual stills
and I had to crank through this film.
682
00:42:25,009 --> 00:42:28,410
And I was doing sketching,
and I was pinpointing particular images
683
00:42:28,479 --> 00:42:32,779
that I needed enlargements of and duplicates
of in order to do these paintings.
684
00:42:33,918 --> 00:42:38,912
I thought we would find her, and
she'd still be in relatively good condition
685
00:42:39,490 --> 00:42:41,788
and still would look more like the ship,
686
00:42:41,859 --> 00:42:45,693
but instead she was just nuked,
just blasted apart.
687
00:42:46,998 --> 00:42:49,432
It was like going to an autopsy.
688
00:42:52,403 --> 00:42:55,668
It was quite a rude awakening.
689
00:43:02,346 --> 00:43:05,144
After three days of that,
I broke down in tears one night.
690
00:43:05,216 --> 00:43:08,617
I remember I called home
to speak to a friend,
691
00:43:09,153 --> 00:43:11,417
and I remember saying words to the...
692
00:43:11,489 --> 00:43:13,567
It kind of makes me tear up right now
to think about it.
693
00:43:13,591 --> 00:43:18,324
But I said to him,
"my ship! My ship, it's gone."
694
00:43:20,498 --> 00:43:23,228
It was so destroyed.
695
00:43:24,102 --> 00:43:26,764
And I knew the ship was in two pieces,
696
00:43:28,673 --> 00:43:33,975
but to see these close-up images
and the high resolution of some of them,
697
00:43:34,045 --> 00:43:37,913
and to look down and see how
completely ripped apart the ship was...
698
00:43:37,982 --> 00:43:41,918
I know it as I would a brother, a sister,
a mother, a father.
699
00:43:42,954 --> 00:43:47,220
And there she was,
in a million pieces. Dead.
700
00:43:51,329 --> 00:43:53,661
Some of the damage is easy to understand.
701
00:43:53,731 --> 00:43:55,995
Other aspects are downright mysterious,
702
00:43:57,168 --> 00:44:00,626
like the stern.
It's completely bizarre at first sight.
703
00:44:02,807 --> 00:44:05,435
Just like a bomb went off overhead.
704
00:44:08,513 --> 00:44:11,573
When I dived it, it was remarkable
to see the extent of the damage.
705
00:44:14,752 --> 00:44:17,346
The rudder and the enormous propellers
pinned in the sediment
706
00:44:17,421 --> 00:44:19,150
are hauntingly intact.
707
00:44:22,493 --> 00:44:26,259
Surrounding the stern is
a large concentration of mangled debris.
708
00:44:26,364 --> 00:44:28,889
It really looks like a plane crash.
709
00:44:32,203 --> 00:44:36,264
How do we know that the stern took off
toward the bottom going pretty fast?
710
00:44:36,641 --> 00:44:38,165
The poop deck.
711
00:44:38,843 --> 00:44:42,779
So the aft-most deck, the poop deck,
is doubled over completely.
712
00:44:43,147 --> 00:44:46,139
Three-eighths inch steel
folded like a taco.
713
00:44:46,417 --> 00:44:48,214
How did this happen?
714
00:44:48,486 --> 00:44:50,386
It's got a big electric crane sitting here,
715
00:44:50,454 --> 00:44:53,855
that's got a lot of sail area across,
on that axis.
716
00:44:54,258 --> 00:44:56,886
Right? So to take off toward the bottom,
717
00:44:56,961 --> 00:44:59,623
you got a really powerful
hydrodynamic loading here.
718
00:44:59,697 --> 00:45:03,793
So you got a big, sort of prying moment
right here,
719
00:45:05,136 --> 00:45:09,800
and it just rips this deck up,
which then catches lift,
720
00:45:09,874 --> 00:45:12,155
peels back, and flops over double,
and winds up like that.
721
00:45:12,210 --> 00:45:15,111
And you think that happened
in the first 500 feet...
722
00:45:15,179 --> 00:45:16,510
The first 30 seconds.
723
00:45:16,714 --> 00:45:21,048
Now, you might have had some implosions
in here, loosening rivets.
724
00:45:21,419 --> 00:45:22,909
You know, bang-bang.
725
00:45:37,034 --> 00:45:39,594
The stern left the surface
in a very different configuration.
726
00:45:40,638 --> 00:45:44,130
It had all its broken parts
faced into the current.
727
00:45:44,709 --> 00:45:47,940
And I think it just blew off,
all pretty close to the surface.
728
00:45:50,348 --> 00:45:54,648
And if something held on, it might
have been packed up against the face of it
729
00:45:54,719 --> 00:45:56,516
or flat back against the underside.
730
00:45:56,587 --> 00:45:58,232
And it took a while
for that to exercise loose,
731
00:45:58,256 --> 00:46:00,033
and all the loose stuff
had already been blown off.
732
00:46:00,057 --> 00:46:05,120
He is proposing that
the stern fell leading edge first,
733
00:46:06,797 --> 00:46:11,564
and that it was water passage
into and around that damage area
734
00:46:11,636 --> 00:46:16,733
that sort of peeled off and exfoliated,
basically, the first third of the stern.
735
00:46:19,210 --> 00:46:21,303
We didn't get this right
in the '95 animation,
736
00:46:21,379 --> 00:46:22,710
but we're gonna nail it now.
737
00:46:23,881 --> 00:46:25,826
I think the point you are making is,
this is not like
738
00:46:25,850 --> 00:46:27,317
that dd one, where it was just...
739
00:46:27,385 --> 00:46:29,630
- It was just leaves...
- It was just coming off in regular...
740
00:46:29,654 --> 00:46:31,645
- Right, right.
- Yeah, yeah. Copy.
741
00:46:31,722 --> 00:46:34,589
So all this stuff has come off the ship
742
00:46:34,659 --> 00:46:38,925
pretty much by the time the ship
is probably two-thirds or three-quarters
743
00:46:38,996 --> 00:46:41,328
of the way through that end swap,
so it's quick.
744
00:46:41,766 --> 00:46:44,394
So that's happening now.
So stuff's coming off,
745
00:46:44,468 --> 00:46:47,528
and decking is coming off,
and now it's all off.
746
00:46:48,005 --> 00:46:49,267
Yeah, it is fast. Wow.
747
00:46:50,675 --> 00:46:54,577
If you stick your hand out the window of
a moving car with a deck of playing cards,
748
00:46:54,645 --> 00:46:57,645
if you turn it this way, you can hold
on to it, and that's what the bow was.
749
00:46:57,682 --> 00:47:02,051
You turn it that way, they are all gone.
They'll all spilt apart and blow backwards.
750
00:47:02,119 --> 00:47:05,611
Because the second their angle of attack
increases to a few degrees,
751
00:47:05,723 --> 00:47:07,714
then it increases rapidly.
752
00:47:07,792 --> 00:47:10,056
Once it's at 90 degrees,
there's no holding on to it.
753
00:47:10,127 --> 00:47:11,672
It's gone. It all happens instantaneously.
754
00:47:11,696 --> 00:47:14,995
And at the moment that happens,
when those cards blow like that,
755
00:47:15,066 --> 00:47:18,126
there's a much stronger back force
on your hand.
756
00:47:19,704 --> 00:47:21,695
- Try it sometime.
- Yeah, I will.
757
00:47:21,772 --> 00:47:24,172
- Might get busted for littering.
- Exactly!
758
00:47:25,543 --> 00:47:28,021
It feels great to have a second chance
to get this stuff right.
759
00:47:28,045 --> 00:47:32,539
In the "95 animation, the stern didn't
spiral, but we now know that it did.
760
00:47:33,718 --> 00:47:38,712
Because I think that
when the stern hit the ground,
761
00:47:38,923 --> 00:47:41,892
it did not hit straight down.
I think it slid.
762
00:47:42,526 --> 00:47:45,324
Definitely, because its back is broken.
763
00:47:46,230 --> 00:47:48,721
The axis of this part of it...
764
00:47:48,799 --> 00:47:51,178
- Perfectly centered.
- Rudder is pinned in the sediment perfectly,
765
00:47:51,202 --> 00:47:53,602
and the props are pinned
in the sediment perfectly,
766
00:47:53,671 --> 00:47:55,148
and that's the anchor,
and then it comes down.
767
00:47:55,172 --> 00:47:59,268
Which actually makes sense, 'cause it
peeled off all this stuff over here
768
00:47:59,343 --> 00:48:01,072
and blew that side out flat.
769
00:48:01,145 --> 00:48:03,045
- Yes, that's true.
- Right.
770
00:48:03,614 --> 00:48:06,606
It still doesn't explain
these freaking cranes.
771
00:48:06,684 --> 00:48:07,912
Yeah, I know.
772
00:48:08,452 --> 00:48:10,943
Why were those cranes there?
Where did they come from?
773
00:48:11,021 --> 00:48:14,184
Did they originate from the poop deck?
Did they originate from the well deck?
774
00:48:14,258 --> 00:48:17,250
Or the a deck level?
We had to have an answer.
775
00:48:17,328 --> 00:48:20,229
Those cranes are loose,
and they are two-and-a-half miles up.
776
00:48:20,297 --> 00:48:23,323
- And somehow they end up...
- No, no, no. I think...
777
00:48:23,401 --> 00:48:25,869
- These cranes came down with the stern.
- Exactly.
778
00:48:25,936 --> 00:48:29,702
Somehow attached to the overturn
on the underside of the poop?
779
00:48:30,040 --> 00:48:31,337
How did they end up over there,
780
00:48:31,409 --> 00:48:33,741
when the poop deck went like that,
way up there?
781
00:48:33,811 --> 00:48:35,142
That's just my question.
782
00:48:35,279 --> 00:48:39,272
Did they fall from the surface?
Were they deposited there toward the end?
783
00:48:39,350 --> 00:48:43,787
It's kind of hard to tell. Every time we tried
to poke at a scenario that would explain I,
784
00:48:43,854 --> 00:48:45,014
there was a problem with it.
785
00:48:45,089 --> 00:48:48,490
- All right, let's take a look.
- Which one they are?
786
00:48:48,559 --> 00:48:52,256
I think there was this one part
still there. I'm not sure.
787
00:48:52,329 --> 00:48:56,595
Well, here is an interesting thing, these
cranes can be completely gone, unrelated,
788
00:48:56,834 --> 00:49:00,031
and the three that
you see sitting right here are these.
789
00:49:00,104 --> 00:49:03,005
- Right, this one is still there.
- Okay. All right. So it's these three.
790
00:49:03,073 --> 00:49:04,563
It would be these three.
791
00:49:04,642 --> 00:49:09,204
So, now you are talking about
a hydraulic outburst impact effect.
792
00:49:09,713 --> 00:49:11,305
The ship hits the bottom, plows in,
793
00:49:11,382 --> 00:49:13,646
compresses all of this shell plating
underneath here,
794
00:49:13,717 --> 00:49:15,685
and everything gets ejected up.
795
00:49:15,753 --> 00:49:20,087
Including the entire well deck,
which winds up lying someplace nearby.
796
00:49:20,825 --> 00:49:24,056
I had to bring to bear
some of my observations
797
00:49:24,128 --> 00:49:26,926
about the effects of hydraulic outburst.
798
00:49:26,997 --> 00:49:30,091
When these big masses come down
and stop suddenly on the bottom,
799
00:49:30,167 --> 00:49:32,829
build up these intense,
internal hydraulic pressures,
800
00:49:32,903 --> 00:49:37,602
and how that can eject big, flat areas,
like decks, and like side shell plating
801
00:49:37,675 --> 00:49:41,167
and so on, and that probably launched
the cranes off the ship at that point.
802
00:49:42,446 --> 00:49:43,811
Okay, that makes sense.
803
00:49:43,881 --> 00:49:46,201
The placement of the cranes
and the damage to the poop deck
804
00:49:46,250 --> 00:49:49,048
help explain how the stern got obliterated.
805
00:49:49,253 --> 00:49:52,711
Now let's turn to what we don't know,
the three outliers.
806
00:49:53,324 --> 00:49:55,155
We haven't yet explained them.
807
00:49:55,226 --> 00:49:59,185
Until we do, we won't know exactly
what happened to the ship
808
00:49:59,263 --> 00:50:03,097
as she vanished beneath the surface
100 years ago.
809
00:50:09,340 --> 00:50:12,104
One of the more unique challenges
to studying the wreck
810
00:50:12,176 --> 00:50:14,440
is trying to see past what 100 years
811
00:50:14,512 --> 00:50:18,846
of sitting at the bottom of the ocean
has done to the steel
812
00:50:18,916 --> 00:50:22,283
Titanic is not rusting in the way
that we would think of rusting.
813
00:50:22,353 --> 00:50:25,015
It's actually being eaten by bacteria.
814
00:50:25,122 --> 00:50:29,024
And the bodies of these bacteria form
these amazing structures called rusticles.
815
00:50:32,429 --> 00:50:34,294
They look like stalactites,
816
00:50:34,365 --> 00:50:36,890
and they are actually formed
in kind of a similar way
817
00:50:36,967 --> 00:50:40,528
in that stalactites are a deposition
of minerals created by gravity.
818
00:50:40,604 --> 00:50:43,869
This is actually the deposition
of dead bacteria
819
00:50:43,941 --> 00:50:47,741
that have iron inside their bodies
that they have absorbed from the ship,
820
00:50:47,811 --> 00:50:52,510
and they just kind of form these structures
that are actually organic.
821
00:50:53,417 --> 00:50:56,909
I think the rusticles are now
part of this amazing monument
822
00:50:56,987 --> 00:50:58,181
at the bottom of the ocean.
823
00:51:01,525 --> 00:51:04,653
- Tell him to move ahead slowly.
- Move ahead slow.
824
00:51:06,263 --> 00:51:09,323
Part of what's fascinating for me
is that it's this onion skin process.
825
00:51:09,400 --> 00:51:12,130
You have to peel away
the layers of the damage,
826
00:51:12,202 --> 00:51:16,138
working in reverse order from what
you're seeing right now in the present.
827
00:51:16,206 --> 00:51:18,731
Now we're looking at Titanic
from 100 years later,
828
00:51:18,809 --> 00:51:22,267
so you've got the deterioration
at the sea floor,
829
00:51:22,346 --> 00:51:25,747
on top of the bottom impact,
on top of the descent,
830
00:51:26,150 --> 00:51:28,345
and then the breakup at the surface.
831
00:51:30,087 --> 00:51:32,351
Once we apply our forensic process,
832
00:51:32,423 --> 00:51:35,722
Titanic's remains in the debris field
begin to tell the story
833
00:51:35,793 --> 00:51:39,729
of what happened on that night,
April 14, 1912.
834
00:51:45,769 --> 00:51:48,704
So far, our theory of how the wreck
traveled through the water column
835
00:51:48,772 --> 00:51:51,366
and what happened at impact
fits the evidence,
836
00:51:52,409 --> 00:51:54,639
except for three outliers.
837
00:51:55,713 --> 00:52:00,548
How did these two pieces of double bottom
and a pile of deckhouse debris
838
00:52:00,651 --> 00:52:04,883
from beneath the third funnel
end up far from the rest of the wreck?
839
00:52:14,398 --> 00:52:16,958
Well, the two double bottom sections
are wing-shaped, so...
840
00:52:17,034 --> 00:52:18,034
- These are wings.
- Yeah.
841
00:52:18,102 --> 00:52:20,263
- These are 747 wings.
- Yeah.
842
00:52:20,337 --> 00:52:24,398
They both happen to land
within a fairly narrow cone of each other,
843
00:52:26,410 --> 00:52:28,674
and separated at some point
in the water column,
844
00:52:28,746 --> 00:52:29,770
and then fell separately.
845
00:52:29,847 --> 00:52:35,080
I agree. They had a weakened area that
kept them together for a certain period.
846
00:52:35,152 --> 00:52:37,211
When you're sitting at a table of experts,
847
00:52:37,287 --> 00:52:39,983
and you start whittling away
at what's real and what's not real,
848
00:52:40,057 --> 00:52:44,016
and you end up with real mysteries
that are solvable...
849
00:52:44,094 --> 00:52:46,640
You know, the answers are there.
The clues are at the bottom of the ocean.
850
00:52:46,664 --> 00:52:50,361
So, they're coming down through the water
851
00:52:50,901 --> 00:52:52,391
- kind of like that.
- Right.
852
00:52:52,469 --> 00:52:55,632
Right? And then finally it just
exercises it so much, it breaks apart,
853
00:52:55,706 --> 00:52:58,174
- whatever that last connection was.
- Right.
854
00:52:58,242 --> 00:53:00,608
It would look something like this.
855
00:53:00,678 --> 00:53:03,272
The pieces of double bottom keel
begin life together,
856
00:53:03,347 --> 00:53:06,347
and on the journey down, exercised apart,
planing away like an aircraft wing
857
00:53:10,020 --> 00:53:12,921
to where we find them today
out in the debris field.
858
00:53:16,860 --> 00:53:18,794
- All right. So, that accounts for that.
- Right.
859
00:53:18,862 --> 00:53:20,727
- That's not a planing shape.
- It's not.
860
00:53:20,798 --> 00:53:22,876
- This is just a big pile of junk.
- It's a big, ugly pile of junk.
861
00:53:22,900 --> 00:53:25,926
Big, dirty pile of junk
that would not have any strong tendency
862
00:53:26,003 --> 00:53:27,203
to plane in any one direction.
863
00:53:27,371 --> 00:53:30,772
And it's a big, lumpy shape.
864
00:53:30,841 --> 00:53:34,004
It's just a pile of crap
on the ocean floor right now.
865
00:53:34,912 --> 00:53:36,846
It has no aerodynamic qualities,
866
00:53:36,914 --> 00:53:39,781
has the same aerodynamic qualities
as one of the boilers.
867
00:53:39,850 --> 00:53:42,028
It's even bigger and larger
and heavier than the boilers,
868
00:53:42,052 --> 00:53:44,418
yet, it ended up way far out there.
869
00:53:44,521 --> 00:53:46,318
So, how did it get way over there?
870
00:53:48,325 --> 00:53:51,556
I think one of the big problems we have
is that we're thinking way over there,
871
00:53:51,628 --> 00:53:55,655
when really, detaching from this point,
it's way over there.
872
00:53:56,033 --> 00:53:57,523
Okay. No, no. I got it.
873
00:53:57,601 --> 00:54:00,195
- We're not getting the vertical scale.
- No, no. Understood.
874
00:54:00,270 --> 00:54:02,431
Right. So if something detaches here
875
00:54:02,506 --> 00:54:05,168
and frisbees off, it's only going that far.
876
00:54:05,242 --> 00:54:07,574
Jim threw out
a couple of quick ideas about it.
877
00:54:06,977 --> 00:54:09,741
and maybe it flung it off over there.
878
00:54:07,644 --> 00:54:15,644
Being attached to the stern,
and the stern spiraling down,
879
00:54:16,086 --> 00:54:18,145
But the problem with that is,
880
00:54:18,889 --> 00:54:23,883
there was a chunk of the ship
between that chunk and the stern,
881
00:54:24,995 --> 00:54:27,463
and that didn't get thrown out there.
882
00:54:27,531 --> 00:54:30,398
We don't have very good imagery of it.
883
00:54:30,501 --> 00:54:35,461
We're going to need better imagery of it
to try and understand it more,
884
00:54:35,539 --> 00:54:37,769
and see if there's clues in there
885
00:54:37,841 --> 00:54:41,470
that will help us understand
why it ended up out there so far.
886
00:54:42,946 --> 00:54:44,709
Although there are still mysteries,
887
00:54:44,982 --> 00:54:47,917
we've learned enough
to rewind the clock farther
888
00:54:47,985 --> 00:54:50,579
on the night of April 14, 1912,
889
00:54:50,988 --> 00:54:55,857
to the moment Titanic lost her fight
to stay afloat and broke in two.
890
00:54:56,193 --> 00:54:57,437
Let's take a look at the results of
891
00:54:57,461 --> 00:55:00,191
a two-and-a-half year study
by naval architects
892
00:55:00,264 --> 00:55:05,201
to see if we can pinpoint
where Titanic split and exactly how.
893
00:55:07,337 --> 00:55:10,465
We've peeled away the layers
to reconstruct the story of the forces
894
00:55:10,541 --> 00:55:14,477
that hammered Titanic
as she plummeted and hit bottom.
895
00:55:15,312 --> 00:55:18,247
Now, it's time to look at
the breakup at the surface.
896
00:55:27,691 --> 00:55:29,556
How did an unsinkable ship,
897
00:55:29,626 --> 00:55:33,562
the world's greatest technological marvel
at the time, break in two?
898
00:55:35,399 --> 00:55:39,768
If the wreck site is a crime scene,
the breakup was her last breath.
899
00:55:42,573 --> 00:55:44,473
In the days that followed the disaster,
900
00:55:44,541 --> 00:55:48,705
the us senate hearing
and the British board of trade inquiry
901
00:55:48,779 --> 00:55:52,374
recorded contradictory
eyewitness testimony about the breakup.
902
00:55:53,817 --> 00:55:56,012
Some saw her break in two.
903
00:55:57,688 --> 00:56:00,555
Others swore she went down whole.
904
00:56:13,003 --> 00:56:16,632
The British board of trade
concluded that Titanic sank intact.
905
00:56:18,675 --> 00:56:20,142
Not until 1985,
906
00:56:20,210 --> 00:56:24,647
when explorer Bob Ballard's co-expedition
with the French found the wreck,
907
00:56:24,715 --> 00:56:28,446
did we have proof, once and for all,
that Titanic broke apart.
908
00:56:31,755 --> 00:56:33,835
Dr. Ballard will take questions now,
if you have any.
909
00:56:33,891 --> 00:56:35,756
How do you account for the fact that
910
00:56:35,826 --> 00:56:38,590
the bow and the stern
are at opposite ends of the debris field?
911
00:56:38,662 --> 00:56:43,656
Well, we found the boilers there,
major pieces of the stern,
912
00:56:44,167 --> 00:56:47,193
and that's separated by 800 meters.
I don't know.
913
00:56:47,271 --> 00:56:48,951
And again, I'm sure that 30%, if not more,
914
00:56:52,509 --> 00:56:56,377
of what I'm selling you right now
I will try to eat
915
00:56:56,780 --> 00:57:00,147
in a few weeks, when I finally get a chance
to look at my data.
916
00:57:08,725 --> 00:57:12,183
I'm kind of embarrassed
that somebody in the '70s or the '80s
917
00:57:12,296 --> 00:57:14,890
didn't put forward the breakup.
918
00:57:14,965 --> 00:57:17,627
- When you read the many accounts...
- It's all there.
919
00:57:17,701 --> 00:57:19,379
- It says, like...
- It's all spelled out.
920
00:57:19,403 --> 00:57:21,394
Vast amounts of cork were found.
921
00:57:21,471 --> 00:57:24,201
Well, that's what they used
to insulate the uptakes.
922
00:57:24,274 --> 00:57:28,472
You know, the pan's wood,
it's a piece of wood from the lounges.
923
00:57:28,545 --> 00:57:29,856
As a matter of fact, you
use it in the movie.
924
00:57:29,880 --> 00:57:33,816
I think Rose is on it,
and Leo says, "goodbye."
925
00:57:33,884 --> 00:57:36,216
Well, if the lounge is gone,
926
00:57:36,286 --> 00:57:38,811
and there's woodwork
from other parts of the ship,
927
00:57:38,889 --> 00:57:41,255
clearly there's no middle part
of the ship anymore.
928
00:57:41,325 --> 00:57:43,987
Why didn't the light bulb go off
in anybody's head?
929
00:57:44,061 --> 00:57:45,858
Because the wreck hadn't been found yet,
930
00:57:45,929 --> 00:57:48,363
and so there wasn't
as much worldwide interest.
931
00:57:48,432 --> 00:57:52,300
And so, there weren't groups of people
like ourselves focusing on this
932
00:57:52,369 --> 00:57:53,700
as much as we are now.
933
00:57:53,770 --> 00:57:56,102
Well, and then there is
that institutionalized myth.
934
00:57:56,173 --> 00:57:59,665
- Exactly. Who saw it break.
- There were survivors who said it broke.
935
00:57:59,743 --> 00:58:04,305
And they tried to tell the story,
and they were shouted down by experts,
936
00:58:04,381 --> 00:58:07,612
who insisted over the years that,
937
00:58:07,684 --> 00:58:10,152
"no, it couldn't have broken.
You're mistaken."
938
00:58:10,220 --> 00:58:12,415
- But this is the fun part of history.
- Yeah.
939
00:58:12,522 --> 00:58:15,719
Because everybody wanted to
think of Titanic as this majestic...
940
00:58:15,792 --> 00:58:17,259
They wanted to romanticize it.
941
00:58:17,361 --> 00:58:22,355
We wanted it to sink as this beautiful icon
that just passed away into another world.
942
00:58:22,432 --> 00:58:23,776
And be sitting on the bottom of...
943
00:58:23,800 --> 00:58:27,031
And is sitting on the bottom
in some ghostly, perfect way.
944
00:58:27,104 --> 00:58:32,098
Ruth Blanchard said, "people say that
I'm wrong, and that I didn't see right,
945
00:58:32,175 --> 00:58:34,268
"and that the ship
didn't really break in two.
946
00:58:34,344 --> 00:58:36,039
"I was only 12,
947
00:58:36,113 --> 00:58:39,981
"but I saw it, and we were
all talking about it in the lifeboat.
948
00:58:40,050 --> 00:58:42,610
"Did you see that the ship broke in two?
949
00:58:42,686 --> 00:58:44,916
"One part went this way,
and the rest went back down."
950
00:58:44,988 --> 00:58:47,548
Now, they can't
all be having this hallucination.
951
00:58:47,624 --> 00:58:49,956
We heard a terrible explosion,
952
00:58:51,094 --> 00:58:55,497
and as all of you know,
the Titanic had four funnels.
953
00:58:55,565 --> 00:59:00,059
And when we heard this explosion,
the Titanic broke in half.
954
00:59:00,137 --> 00:59:01,314
I remember at one of our conventions,
955
00:59:01,338 --> 00:59:04,205
when Ruth Blanchard talked about
the ship breaking in two,
956
00:59:04,274 --> 00:59:05,518
and this was before they found the ship,
957
00:59:05,542 --> 00:59:07,920
and one of the officers at the society
grabbed the microphone
958
00:59:07,944 --> 00:59:09,589
and explained
how it was just her perception
959
00:59:09,613 --> 00:59:11,376
because the funnel had fallen.
960
00:59:11,448 --> 00:59:13,848
And in hindsight,
I wish she had taken the microphone back
961
00:59:13,917 --> 00:59:15,316
and said, "were you there?"
962
00:59:16,153 --> 00:59:18,053
I called Don lynch to this investigation
963
00:59:18,121 --> 00:59:21,522
for his insight into the experience
of the Titanic survivors.
964
00:59:22,459 --> 00:59:25,826
He spent his entire career
gathering their stories.
965
00:59:25,896 --> 00:59:29,059
Many of the survivors
were his close personal friends.
966
00:59:30,100 --> 00:59:34,662
Well, when I first joined
the Titanic historical society in 1974,
967
00:59:34,738 --> 00:59:37,070
and I realized
nobody had made an effort to find them.
968
00:59:37,140 --> 00:59:39,233
And so, I started tracking them down.
969
00:59:40,977 --> 00:59:44,242
I got to know a number of them,
I got to know some of them fairly well.
970
00:59:45,415 --> 00:59:48,145
The story of the Titanic
is in the survivors,
971
00:59:48,218 --> 00:59:49,685
that's how we know what happened.
972
00:59:49,753 --> 00:59:51,812
And people sort of ignored that
all those years.
973
00:59:51,888 --> 00:59:54,721
There was always this fascination
with the ship and the shipwreck,
974
00:59:54,791 --> 00:59:56,936
and they didn't feel
we could learn more from the survivors.
975
00:59:56,960 --> 01:00:00,225
The question is,
what does seeing it break mean?
976
01:00:00,297 --> 01:00:02,231
Does it mean
seeing the ship suddenly move,
977
01:00:02,299 --> 01:00:03,789
associated with a loud noise?
978
01:00:03,867 --> 01:00:07,030
- No, they see an actual clean break.
- Right. Okay.
979
01:00:07,104 --> 01:00:10,471
So, do we know where the clean break is?
980
01:00:11,041 --> 01:00:12,452
- Right here?
- That's where the clean break is.
981
01:00:12,476 --> 01:00:14,000
And this is based on the wreck.
982
01:00:14,111 --> 01:00:17,046
- You're saying based on...
- On observations from the wreck.
983
01:00:17,214 --> 01:00:20,342
Well, it should be, actually,
at the promenade deck.
984
01:00:20,417 --> 01:00:22,261
It should be towards the top
of the promenade deck,
985
01:00:22,285 --> 01:00:24,845
or just at the bottom of the boat deck,
986
01:00:24,921 --> 01:00:28,118
midway between the second
and third funnels.
987
01:00:28,191 --> 01:00:29,191
- Here.
- There you go.
988
01:00:29,259 --> 01:00:31,099
- Oh, so that's right.
- He's just about right.
989
01:00:31,862 --> 01:00:34,626
The '95 animation gets this detail wrong.
990
01:00:34,698 --> 01:00:37,394
It shows the clean break
just behind the third funnel,
991
01:00:37,467 --> 01:00:39,594
and we now know that
it broke in front of it.
992
01:00:39,669 --> 01:00:42,399
Okay, I'm gonna fix this
in the new animation.
993
01:00:43,840 --> 01:00:46,138
So, we know where she broke.
994
01:00:46,209 --> 01:00:49,007
The question now is, how?
995
01:00:49,479 --> 01:00:53,506
It all comes back to,
did it detach in the vertical position?
996
01:00:53,583 --> 01:00:56,129
And what does that mean to
what subsequently happened to the stern?
997
01:00:56,153 --> 01:00:57,897
'Cause the stern is
where all the people were.
998
01:00:57,921 --> 01:00:59,532
And there are so many conflicting accounts
999
01:00:59,556 --> 01:01:01,649
of the stern being vertical,
but not vertical.
1000
01:01:01,725 --> 01:01:04,319
Kind of also, you know,
"how wrong was the movie?"
1001
01:01:05,061 --> 01:01:07,962
That's kind of important to me
as well, you know.
1002
01:01:08,031 --> 01:01:11,489
But I think we were right about
the idea that the bow swung down,
1003
01:01:11,568 --> 01:01:16,028
once the forces were relieved,
and it broke, swung down,
1004
01:01:22,212 --> 01:01:25,306
And took off for the bottom
with a high rate.
1005
01:01:28,118 --> 01:01:30,382
To hold the bow attached to the stern.
1006
01:01:30,453 --> 01:01:31,545
Double bottom.
1007
01:01:31,621 --> 01:01:33,799
- Double bottom...
- Double bottom is holding it together.
1008
01:01:33,823 --> 01:01:36,451
Titanic was constructed
with a double bottom,
1009
01:01:36,526 --> 01:01:40,553
which in theory made the ship's underside
more resistant to damage and flooding.
1010
01:01:40,997 --> 01:01:44,956
Could this innovation have delayed
Titanic's breakup and bought time,
1011
01:01:45,035 --> 01:01:48,266
maybe only minutes,
to save additional lives?
1012
01:01:48,338 --> 01:01:49,771
Did a piece of the double bottom
1013
01:01:49,839 --> 01:01:52,808
hold the bow and stern together
till the very last moment?
1014
01:01:57,414 --> 01:02:01,145
We've all been thinking of this as the
classic break-the-sword-over-the-knee,
1015
01:02:01,218 --> 01:02:02,310
one split, and that's fine,
1016
01:02:02,385 --> 01:02:06,151
'cause that does account
for the primary fracture at frame 12 aft.
1017
01:02:06,223 --> 01:02:10,387
But is it possible that there is
some sort of rotational component?
1018
01:02:10,460 --> 01:02:12,985
Because I want to ask whether or not
you're looking at,
1019
01:02:13,063 --> 01:02:15,156
in medicine, what's called
a "greenstick fracture."
1020
01:02:15,232 --> 01:02:17,427
- Oh, absolutely.
- If you take a bone and twist it,
1021
01:02:17,500 --> 01:02:21,027
it doesn't cleave, it fractures
in a complicated spiral way.
1022
01:02:21,104 --> 01:02:23,629
The so-called "greenstick fracture”
is the way in which
1023
01:02:23,707 --> 01:02:27,768
the keel broke away from the ship,
1024
01:02:27,844 --> 01:02:30,972
to account for how it's isolated
from the rest of the wreck.
1025
01:02:31,481 --> 01:02:35,281
Sometimes when structures fail,
1026
01:02:35,352 --> 01:02:39,584
the last part to fail will stay connected
to both ends.
1027
01:02:39,656 --> 01:02:41,351
Maybe we should take it over to the...
1028
01:02:41,424 --> 01:02:42,823
- Do you wanna go?
- Okay. Yeah.
1029
01:02:42,892 --> 01:02:43,950
Grab your banana.
1030
01:02:45,228 --> 01:02:46,957
- Hello?
- I beg your pardon?
1031
01:02:48,331 --> 01:02:50,526
A little early in the party for that,
don't you think?
1032
01:02:50,600 --> 01:02:52,363
Right. So, yes.
1033
01:02:52,435 --> 01:02:53,629
It actually works quite well.
1034
01:02:53,703 --> 01:02:55,568
This is one of our
scientific analysis tools.
1035
01:02:55,639 --> 01:02:58,439
Yeah, it's pretty good, because
look what happens when you rip through.
1036
01:02:58,742 --> 01:03:02,269
A banana turns out to be a great way
to model the breakup of Titanic.
1037
01:03:02,746 --> 01:03:04,771
So imagine that
the bow is going underwater,
1038
01:03:04,848 --> 01:03:06,145
and the stern's being lifted up.
1039
01:03:06,216 --> 01:03:08,810
And you've got
a center of buoyancy right here.
1040
01:03:08,885 --> 01:03:11,820
This is gonna be so cool,
'cause it's gonna break just like the ship.
1041
01:03:11,888 --> 01:03:14,356
So it starts to break at the top,
1042
01:03:14,424 --> 01:03:18,258
there's a buckling failure underneath,
which you can see right there.
1043
01:03:18,328 --> 01:03:19,989
Starts to tear down. Right?
1044
01:03:20,063 --> 01:03:23,829
So now the stern's falling back,
the bow's sinking down,
1045
01:03:23,900 --> 01:03:26,630
and as they separate... check that out.
1046
01:03:26,703 --> 01:03:30,332
There is the double bottom
separating from the stern
1047
01:03:30,407 --> 01:03:32,568
and from the bow.
1048
01:03:32,642 --> 01:03:34,120
All right?
Now the only thing that's missing...
1049
01:03:34,144 --> 01:03:35,577
You've got to tear it.
1050
01:03:36,046 --> 01:03:40,142
And this is how the bow separates
and drops down, like that.
1051
01:03:40,216 --> 01:03:43,617
Now the stern's sitting at the surface
with this big piece of double bottom.
1052
01:03:43,687 --> 01:03:45,518
The stern now floods, goes vertical,
1053
01:03:45,588 --> 01:03:48,921
heads for the bottom
at high speed, like this.
1054
01:03:48,992 --> 01:03:50,823
And this big piece of windage here,
1055
01:03:50,894 --> 01:03:54,261
that's flapping in the breeze, bends back,
1056
01:03:54,331 --> 01:03:57,767
breaks off, and goes frisbeeing off
across the debris field
1057
01:03:57,834 --> 01:03:59,961
about a quarter of a mile away.
1058
01:04:00,970 --> 01:04:02,562
Banana peel theory.
1059
01:04:08,878 --> 01:04:12,905
Okay, let's rewind the clock to
the early morning hours of April 15, 1912.
1060
01:04:12,982 --> 01:04:16,076
Go back to the moment
just before Titanic broke
1061
01:04:16,152 --> 01:04:19,053
in order to understand
the escalation of forces
1062
01:04:19,122 --> 01:04:20,962
that caused this massive failure
in a structure
1063
01:04:21,024 --> 01:04:22,821
that's designed to be unbreakable.
1064
01:04:28,798 --> 01:04:30,425
Basically, buoyancy
1065
01:04:30,567 --> 01:04:32,831
is what determines if
the ship floats or not.
1066
01:04:33,870 --> 01:04:38,637
In Titanic's case, the stern maintained
its positive buoyancy for a while
1067
01:04:38,708 --> 01:04:40,573
and stayed on the surface,
1068
01:04:40,643 --> 01:04:42,474
then the bow became nothing
but a dead weight
1069
01:04:42,545 --> 01:04:44,305
that's got to go to the
bottom of the ocean.
1070
01:04:45,615 --> 01:04:49,346
Once the bow had gone under and lifted
the stern right out of the water,
1071
01:04:49,419 --> 01:04:53,788
stresses not anticipated
by the ship's designers wreaked havoc.
1072
01:05:14,277 --> 01:05:19,271
If this bow was hanging down like you say,
it's totally negative buoyancy.
1073
01:05:19,883 --> 01:05:23,375
Or very close to it. Probably has
still some airspace at the top.
1074
01:05:23,453 --> 01:05:28,015
Which speaks to the buoyancy in the stern
because that thing is holding up...
1075
01:05:28,091 --> 01:05:29,668
- That's what's holding it.
- All of that.
1076
01:05:29,692 --> 01:05:33,093
Thought of as a complete system,
it's still positively buoyant.
1077
01:05:33,163 --> 01:05:35,597
But there's this huge negative mass,
pendulous mass,
1078
01:05:35,665 --> 01:05:40,568
which breaks off at some point,
maybe at this angle, maybe at this angle,
1079
01:05:40,637 --> 01:05:42,127
maybe it hangs on for a second.
1080
01:05:42,205 --> 01:05:45,504
Maybe as it is achieving that angle,
it's ripping away.
1081
01:05:47,177 --> 01:05:49,441
In order to test popularly held assumptions
1082
01:05:49,512 --> 01:05:51,480
based on eyewitness accounts,
1083
01:05:51,548 --> 01:05:53,743
I've commissioned
a team of naval architects
1084
01:05:53,817 --> 01:05:56,615
to apply a scientific method
to Titanic's breakup,
1085
01:05:57,020 --> 01:05:59,682
to really separate myth from reality.
1086
01:06:00,623 --> 01:06:02,902
Do you wanna tell us about
the modeling software that was used?
1087
01:06:02,926 --> 01:06:04,985
Sure. I think we need to shift...
1088
01:06:05,128 --> 01:06:06,789
We'll switch to...
1089
01:06:06,863 --> 01:06:09,141
- Yeah, we'll come back to this.
- Stettler's computer, please.
1090
01:06:09,165 --> 01:06:10,205
So, what I wanted to do...
1091
01:06:10,233 --> 01:06:13,259
I'll just stand up a little bit,
here, to illustrate.
1092
01:06:13,336 --> 01:06:16,134
These are called
hydrostatics and stability softwares,
1093
01:06:16,206 --> 01:06:18,106
and there's a number of them out there.
1094
01:06:18,374 --> 01:06:20,308
Basically the way they all work is,
1095
01:06:20,376 --> 01:06:24,540
- you use the lines drawing for the ship...
- What did you use as a source?
1096
01:06:24,614 --> 01:06:26,844
The harland and wolff drawings?
1097
01:06:27,417 --> 01:06:29,612
Right, the original drawings
from harland and wolff.
1098
01:06:30,320 --> 01:06:34,256
In Titanic's time, shipbuilding
was at the cutting edge of all industries.
1099
01:06:34,324 --> 01:06:37,020
Harland and wolff, based
in belfast, Ireland,
1100
01:06:37,093 --> 01:06:40,119
was a revolutionary shipyard
that designed iron ships
1101
01:06:40,196 --> 01:06:42,926
that didn't simply copy
the design of wooden ships.
1102
01:06:44,000 --> 01:06:46,161
This allowed them to build bigger, better,
1103
01:06:46,236 --> 01:06:49,036
and technologically superior vessels
ahead of any of their competitors.
1104
01:06:54,744 --> 01:06:58,009
Flooded, split in half,
and sank to the bottom of the ocean.
1105
01:06:59,349 --> 01:07:02,580
Now, using today's most advanced
shipbuilding computer tools,
1106
01:07:02,652 --> 01:07:04,813
commander stettler
will attempt to figure out
1107
01:07:04,888 --> 01:07:07,880
why harland and wolff's design failed.
1108
01:07:08,024 --> 01:07:11,926
So this is just a representative section,
as we call them.
1109
01:07:11,995 --> 01:07:15,294
All the compartments had to be defined
by the balance of the decks.
1110
01:07:15,365 --> 01:07:16,889
So you can see the coal bunkers,
1111
01:07:16,966 --> 01:07:21,733
and the salt water tanks are green,
and the blue are the fresh water tanks.
1112
01:07:22,705 --> 01:07:25,503
So we model the hull
as a bunch of these sections,
1113
01:07:25,575 --> 01:07:27,634
basically, these slices,
1114
01:07:27,710 --> 01:07:32,704
and for each slice, that slice has
an area of property associated with it.
1115
01:07:33,182 --> 01:07:36,982
And we can actually calculate, basically,
the resistance to bending,
1116
01:07:37,053 --> 01:07:39,954
or flexure, of that section of the hull.
1117
01:07:40,156 --> 01:07:42,784
And then we can use that
to find the stress.
1118
01:07:42,859 --> 01:07:45,327
So let me just shift the view a little bit.
1119
01:07:45,395 --> 01:07:48,125
Now let's look at the stress, say,
in this panel here,
1120
01:07:48,331 --> 01:07:50,526
and plot the bending moment.
1121
01:07:51,267 --> 01:07:55,931
So, how you see what's on the bottom
is actually negative.
1122
01:07:55,939 --> 01:07:57,372
Compressive stresses in the bottom.
1123
01:07:57,440 --> 01:07:59,251
- Compressive stress in the bottom.
- Tension...
1124
01:07:59,275 --> 01:08:02,301
And you see the yellow
and a little bit of red up there,
1125
01:08:02,378 --> 01:08:05,245
that's tensional or
positive stresses. Okay?
1126
01:08:05,715 --> 01:08:07,326
So what's interesting is,
it's basically saying that
1127
01:08:07,350 --> 01:08:10,478
the bottom plating of the ship will buckle
1128
01:08:10,553 --> 01:08:13,233
- before the material reaches a yield stress.
- At a smaller stress.
1129
01:08:13,389 --> 01:08:16,688
Just to be clear,
based on your calculations,
1130
01:08:16,759 --> 01:08:19,387
we're thinking that
the bottom buckled first,
1131
01:08:19,462 --> 01:08:21,555
before the shell broke at the top.
1132
01:08:21,631 --> 01:08:22,631
Correct.
1133
01:08:22,699 --> 01:08:25,668
We know the steel was better in tension
than it was in compression.
1134
01:08:25,735 --> 01:08:27,703
Right, but that makes the keel
even stronger.
1135
01:08:27,770 --> 01:08:29,897
It was put into compression,
1136
01:08:29,973 --> 01:08:32,168
but was still strong enough to hold
1137
01:08:32,241 --> 01:08:34,420
- the two sections together momentarily.
- To hold together.
1138
01:08:34,444 --> 01:08:37,311
What commander stettler was able to do
1139
01:08:37,480 --> 01:08:41,507
was bring a rational, mathematical model.
1140
01:08:42,251 --> 01:08:45,084
No cinema tricks,
1141
01:08:45,622 --> 01:08:50,218
no mythology, just the facts.
"This is what the computer said."
1142
01:08:50,293 --> 01:08:52,693
I found that was a breath of fresh air,
1143
01:08:52,762 --> 01:08:57,665
because it lets you sever the chains
with those preconceptions you have
1144
01:08:57,734 --> 01:08:58,962
and say, "a-ha!
1145
01:08:59,769 --> 01:09:02,033
"This is what happened.”
1146
01:09:03,072 --> 01:09:05,973
Commander stettler's analysis
gives us the scientific proof
1147
01:09:06,042 --> 01:09:09,102
to support our ideas of
Titanic's last hours.
1148
01:09:11,080 --> 01:09:12,513
But what about the flooding itself,
1149
01:09:12,582 --> 01:09:14,573
and how the rushing water
brought the ship down?
1150
01:09:17,086 --> 01:09:19,486
Did her stern really rise out of the water?
1151
01:09:20,223 --> 01:09:22,623
It's a controversial shot in the movie,
1152
01:09:22,692 --> 01:09:26,355
a gut-wrenching, big-screen moment
based on survivor testimony.
1153
01:09:27,130 --> 01:09:29,155
Is this really how it happened?
1154
01:09:37,073 --> 01:09:41,840
If the breakup was Titanic's last breath,
the iceberg strike was her death blow.
1155
01:09:46,849 --> 01:09:49,374
It damaged nearly 300 feet of her hull,
1156
01:09:49,452 --> 01:09:53,354
allowing flooding in five
of her 16 major watertight compartments.
1157
01:10:01,531 --> 01:10:04,022
An injury that fatally crippled the ship.
1158
01:10:10,373 --> 01:10:13,501
No one has ever actually seen
the iceberg damage.
1159
01:10:13,609 --> 01:10:16,908
It lies buried in the sediment,
underneath the ocean floor.
1160
01:10:17,346 --> 01:10:21,680
But using the modern analytic tools
of the shipbuilding industry,
1161
01:10:21,751 --> 01:10:24,914
can we fill in some holes
in our understanding of the flooding?
1162
01:10:25,121 --> 01:10:29,524
So, commander stettler's gonna start off.
He's gonna show us the sinking studies.
1163
01:10:29,592 --> 01:10:30,592
Yep.
1164
01:10:30,660 --> 01:10:33,322
Let's turn to the flooding analysis
to look for facts.
1165
01:10:35,531 --> 01:10:39,592
We know some things about
the initiation of the flooding,
1166
01:10:39,669 --> 01:10:43,298
that it sideswiped an iceberg,
that it opened the first five compartments.
1167
01:10:43,606 --> 01:10:47,975
We have some outer boundaries
that were set up by the testimony.
1168
01:10:48,044 --> 01:10:50,069
We know it didn't take three days to sink,
1169
01:10:50,146 --> 01:10:53,479
we know it took about two-and-a-half,
two hours and 40 minutes.
1170
01:10:53,549 --> 01:10:55,039
So, there are certain things we know.
1171
01:10:55,118 --> 01:10:59,350
They were able to create
a model complex enough
1172
01:10:59,422 --> 01:11:03,415
and accurate enough to be able to tell us
certain things we didn't know before.
1173
01:11:04,594 --> 01:11:07,427
How did the floodwater
move through the ship?
1174
01:11:08,231 --> 01:11:10,893
How did the bow so rapidly go negative?
1175
01:11:12,301 --> 01:11:13,996
How did the stern rise?
1176
01:11:15,271 --> 01:11:18,707
Let's turn to the naval architects'
progressive flooding model
1177
01:11:18,775 --> 01:11:20,208
to look for facts.
1178
01:11:20,276 --> 01:11:24,235
Part of the analysis that I was working on
is a hydrostatics study.
1179
01:11:24,313 --> 01:11:27,373
It involves tracking the floodwater
1180
01:11:27,450 --> 01:11:31,386
as it moves from the sea,
through the holes in the hull,
1181
01:11:31,454 --> 01:11:33,319
up and through all the compartments.
1182
01:11:33,389 --> 01:11:35,721
I have sliced the model up
in a bunch of places,
1183
01:11:35,792 --> 01:11:39,888
so you have hold 1, hold 2, hold 3.
1184
01:11:39,962 --> 01:11:41,554
We haven't ever been able to track
1185
01:11:41,631 --> 01:11:44,429
the compartment-to-compartment
progression of floodwater before.
1186
01:11:44,734 --> 01:11:46,201
It allows us to determine
1187
01:11:46,269 --> 01:11:48,931
if the floodwater would've reached
one part of a compartment
1188
01:11:49,005 --> 01:11:50,649
or a different part of a compartment first.
1189
01:11:50,673 --> 01:11:55,804
It allows us to much more accurately see,
at any intermediate stage of flooding,
1190
01:11:55,878 --> 01:11:57,743
how the ship is loaded
1191
01:11:57,814 --> 01:12:00,044
and what the structural
consequences of that are.
1192
01:12:01,017 --> 01:12:02,678
All right, so here we go.
1193
01:12:13,596 --> 01:12:16,463
It's recalculating everything
on ten-second intervals.
1194
01:12:19,502 --> 01:12:21,262
As you can see,
there's a long period in here
1195
01:12:21,304 --> 01:12:24,239
between, say, 25 minutes
and 45 minutes or so,
1196
01:12:24,307 --> 01:12:27,242
before you get much flooding
in other places.
1197
01:12:28,778 --> 01:12:30,075
Can you stop for one second?
1198
01:12:30,479 --> 01:12:31,912
How is it getting to here?
1199
01:12:31,981 --> 01:12:34,313
Is that Scotland road?
1200
01:12:34,383 --> 01:12:36,351
This is Scotland road. Yeah.
1201
01:12:36,819 --> 01:12:40,016
Scotland road is the long passageway
on the port side of e deck
1202
01:12:40,089 --> 01:12:42,023
that travels the length of the ship.
1203
01:12:42,592 --> 01:12:44,082
As Scotland road flooded,
1204
01:12:44,160 --> 01:12:47,391
it completely undermined
the precaution of sealed compartments,
1205
01:12:47,463 --> 01:12:50,227
like an accelerant,
acting as a shortcut for the floodwater
1206
01:12:50,299 --> 01:12:52,631
over the top of the bulkheads.
1207
01:12:52,902 --> 01:12:54,426
Here we go.
1208
01:12:57,073 --> 01:13:01,134
Because the starboard side on e deck,
sort of starboard of Scotland road,
1209
01:13:01,210 --> 01:13:05,340
is allowed to, in our model right now,
flood earlier, it floods first.
1210
01:13:07,617 --> 01:13:09,175
To see it dissected in such a way,
1211
01:13:09,252 --> 01:13:12,221
and to see how the flooding progressed
in a forensic way like that,
1212
01:13:12,288 --> 01:13:15,689
was almost like seeing Titanic sink
for the first time.
1213
01:13:16,259 --> 01:13:20,696
Another accelerant
was an open door on d deck, just one.
1214
01:13:20,763 --> 01:13:25,632
Why would someone open a large door on the
lower level of a rapidly sinking ship?
1215
01:13:25,868 --> 01:13:30,237
Second officer lightoller at one point
sent a boatswain by the name of Nichols
1216
01:13:30,306 --> 01:13:33,742
to grab some men and go down
and open one of the doors.
1217
01:13:33,843 --> 01:13:37,438
And I think the idea was that,
since he wasn't loading the lifeboats full,
1218
01:13:37,513 --> 01:13:39,258
that they would come back
and take people off
1219
01:13:39,282 --> 01:13:40,681
through the doorway or something.
1220
01:13:40,750 --> 01:13:42,012
And he never saw the man again.
1221
01:13:42,084 --> 01:13:47,044
And when they found the ship in 19895,
there it is. The door is open.
1222
01:13:50,660 --> 01:13:54,994
The interesting thing about the d deck
shell door on the port side is that
1223
01:13:55,064 --> 01:13:58,295
it communicates down a quarter
all the way forward.
1224
01:13:59,101 --> 01:14:03,231
If you look at it here. Here's your door.
If your water could come in here,
1225
01:14:03,306 --> 01:14:07,640
it could come down and
flood the entire forward d deck.
1226
01:14:11,147 --> 01:14:13,274
We should stop it
at the peak of that stress curve,
1227
01:14:13,349 --> 01:14:16,250
because we know it didn't go past that,
so that's your upper bound.
1228
01:14:16,886 --> 01:14:19,164
Okay, the peak of the stress curve
is the moment we're after.
1229
01:14:19,188 --> 01:14:21,179
It's just before the ship broke.
1230
01:14:21,257 --> 01:14:25,387
When we reach this point,
we'll know the final angle of the stern.
1231
01:14:35,104 --> 01:14:37,197
Yeah, it should be at 19 degrees at trim.
1232
01:14:37,273 --> 01:14:38,365
Interesting.
1233
01:14:38,441 --> 01:14:40,319
Okay, the model shows us
that the flooding caused
1234
01:14:40,343 --> 01:14:42,709
a 19-degree maximum angle of tilt.
1235
01:14:43,646 --> 01:14:47,173
There is no subsequent force
acting on the ship
1236
01:14:47,249 --> 01:14:52,551
that would tend to break it,
that exists greater than that moment
1237
01:14:52,621 --> 01:14:54,282
until it hits the bottom.
1238
01:14:54,357 --> 01:14:56,416
And we know it broke
before it hit the bottom.
1239
01:14:56,492 --> 01:14:59,757
That might be our maximum tilt.
1240
01:14:59,829 --> 01:15:00,829
Yeah.
1241
01:15:01,964 --> 01:15:03,124
Not as much as we thought.
1242
01:15:03,199 --> 01:15:04,977
Ken, you're going to have to
repaint your paintings, buddy.
1243
01:15:05,001 --> 01:15:07,441
- I'm going to have to reshoot my movie.
- Which one's easier?
1244
01:15:08,237 --> 01:15:10,797
Painting. I'll help you
paint the paintings.
1245
01:15:16,912 --> 01:15:19,881
I think this is pretty amazing.
I mean, this is completely new to me,
1246
01:15:19,949 --> 01:15:22,975
that in the two-and-a-half hours
it took Titanic to sink,
1247
01:15:23,052 --> 01:15:24,644
she never capsized.
1248
01:15:24,954 --> 01:15:28,151
We never really thought about that.
It was staring us in the face.
1249
01:15:28,224 --> 01:15:29,350
Ships capsize.
1250
01:15:29,425 --> 01:15:31,655
We saw it recently
with the costa concordia
1251
01:15:31,727 --> 01:15:33,285
that sank off the coast of Italy.
1252
01:15:33,362 --> 01:15:34,852
And when you look back
1253
01:15:34,930 --> 01:15:37,490
at the history of
all the other famous shipwrecks,
1254
01:15:37,566 --> 01:15:38,726
they all roll over.
1255
01:15:39,502 --> 01:15:42,562
Bismarck rolled over,
Andrea doria rolled over.
1256
01:15:43,372 --> 01:15:45,237
But Titanic just went almost straight down.
1257
01:15:45,307 --> 01:15:46,797
Yeah, toward the end it had, maybe,
1258
01:15:46,876 --> 01:15:50,312
a variously reported six,
maybe eight-degree list.
1259
01:15:50,379 --> 01:15:51,379
That's not much.
1260
01:15:51,814 --> 01:15:53,611
That creates a whole new question.
1261
01:15:53,682 --> 01:15:54,808
Were they trimming the ship?
1262
01:15:54,884 --> 01:15:57,250
Were the engineers,
none of whom survived,
1263
01:15:57,319 --> 01:15:58,980
actually trimming the ship actively?
1264
01:15:59,055 --> 01:16:02,889
Were they fighting that?
Were they that good with their pumps
1265
01:16:02,958 --> 01:16:07,395
by filling the trim tanks and seeing
the ship was listing one direction,
1266
01:16:07,496 --> 01:16:12,331
controlling it and trying to keep it
upright so they could get those boats off?
1267
01:16:12,401 --> 01:16:13,595
Or did they just get lucky?
1268
01:16:14,003 --> 01:16:16,836
Was it the most amazing piece of luck
in maritime history
1269
01:16:16,906 --> 01:16:19,568
that they managed to
successfully evacuate
1270
01:16:19,642 --> 01:16:24,341
/00-some people in the boats
while the ship just sat
1271
01:16:24,413 --> 01:16:26,005
perfectly upright in the water?
1272
01:16:26,082 --> 01:16:27,442
I've never thought of that before.
1273
01:16:27,483 --> 01:16:30,611
Well, there are some questions
we're just going to have to live with.
1274
01:16:30,686 --> 01:16:34,315
But before I send these guys home,
there's a game I like to play.
1275
01:16:35,224 --> 01:16:38,625
What would you have done
if you were captain of Titanic?
1276
01:16:38,961 --> 01:16:40,986
Could more lives have been saved?
1277
01:16:48,370 --> 01:16:52,397
Titanic set sail
with more than 2,200 souls on board,
1278
01:16:53,242 --> 01:16:56,177
but just over 700
would survive the disaster.
1279
01:16:57,046 --> 01:16:58,445
Some went down with the ship.
1280
01:16:59,248 --> 01:17:03,116
Most froze to death floating
in the frigid waters of the north Atlantic
1281
01:17:03,185 --> 01:17:05,153
waiting for a rescue ship.
1282
01:17:05,221 --> 01:17:06,347
Right ahead, sir.
1283
01:17:08,791 --> 01:17:09,815
Careful with your oars.
1284
01:17:09,925 --> 01:17:11,187
Even with only enough lifeboats
1285
01:17:11,260 --> 01:17:14,161
for 50% of the passengers
and crew on board,
1286
01:17:14,230 --> 01:17:16,858
could the crisis have been managed
more effectively?
1287
01:17:19,101 --> 01:17:20,659
Can anyone hear me?
1288
01:17:21,837 --> 01:17:25,102
Let me pose a problem
based on everything you guys know.
1289
01:17:25,174 --> 01:17:29,543
Let's say I've got a time machine
and I can teleport you back to Titanic
1290
01:17:29,612 --> 01:17:33,309
one second after the ship
has already hit the iceberg.
1291
01:17:33,382 --> 01:17:35,942
You can do anything,
but you've already hit the iceberg.
1292
01:17:36,418 --> 01:17:38,181
So it's really an exercise in,
1293
01:17:38,254 --> 01:17:40,882
could the crisis have been
managed differently
1294
01:17:40,956 --> 01:17:42,821
if they knew what we knew?
1295
01:17:42,892 --> 01:17:44,587
How would you have saved everybody?
1296
01:17:45,060 --> 01:17:47,858
And it's not meant
as an indictment of the choices
1297
01:17:47,930 --> 01:17:50,364
that were made by the captain
and the officers.
1298
01:17:50,432 --> 01:17:54,163
I think they were managing the problem
about as well as humanly possible
1299
01:17:54,236 --> 01:17:55,464
under the circumstances.
1300
01:17:55,538 --> 01:17:57,836
But with what we know now,
could we have done any better?
1301
01:17:57,907 --> 01:18:00,307
Like, how would you
have saved everybody?
1302
01:18:00,376 --> 01:18:04,210
Save everybody, I think it was not
possible. You can save much more.
1303
01:18:04,780 --> 01:18:07,647
We can shift the number, that's for sure.
1304
01:18:11,253 --> 01:18:13,016
I think you could save everybody.
1305
01:18:13,088 --> 01:18:15,556
I think you could save everybody
and their dog.
1306
01:18:16,759 --> 01:18:17,851
Really?
1307
01:18:17,927 --> 01:18:19,171
I think there's a couple of ways to do it.
1308
01:18:19,195 --> 01:18:21,322
There's two ways to do it
that I can think of.
1309
01:18:21,397 --> 01:18:24,833
There is a ship.
There is a ship six to eight miles away.
1310
01:18:24,900 --> 01:18:26,765
- One.
- Well observed by everybody.
1311
01:18:26,835 --> 01:18:28,996
All right? It's there. You can see it.
1312
01:18:29,371 --> 01:18:32,363
It's thought to have been
the British steam ship Californian,
1313
01:18:32,441 --> 01:18:36,241
within radio contact of the Titanic
right before the accident.
1314
01:18:36,512 --> 01:18:39,709
One of the officers told people
when they were getting in the boat
1315
01:18:39,782 --> 01:18:41,010
to go row to that ship.
1316
01:18:41,083 --> 01:18:42,107
Captain Smith.
1317
01:18:42,184 --> 01:18:44,948
Captain Smith, he was telling people
to row to the ship.
1318
01:18:45,020 --> 01:18:46,248
Why row to the ship?
1319
01:18:46,322 --> 01:18:48,119
Why not drive your ship to that ship?
1320
01:18:48,190 --> 01:18:50,988
Six miles with a boat like that?
1321
01:18:51,060 --> 01:18:53,290
No, no, no. Not that boat. That ship.
1322
01:18:54,530 --> 01:18:56,794
Drive your ship to the other ship.
1323
01:18:56,865 --> 01:18:58,662
And I would say even drive it backwards.
1324
01:18:58,734 --> 01:19:00,814
You don't want to go too fast,
'cause you're damaged.
1325
01:19:02,638 --> 01:19:05,129
You've only got to go six miles.
It's not very far.
1326
01:19:05,207 --> 01:19:09,803
No, but it could be an hour,
or something like that.
1327
01:19:10,246 --> 01:19:13,477
Drive it backwards,
it's going to tend to plane up slightly
1328
01:19:13,549 --> 01:19:16,382
and not add to the flooding.
1329
01:19:16,485 --> 01:19:18,597
You'd actually relieve the pressure
and slow the flooding.
1330
01:19:18,621 --> 01:19:19,998
You think it's just pure head pressure?
1331
01:19:20,022 --> 01:19:21,319
We respectfully disagree.
1332
01:19:21,390 --> 01:19:25,019
It's a big ship and
the holes are far underwater and it just...
1333
01:19:25,094 --> 01:19:28,552
I think Jeff and I made the point in there.
We disagree with that one.
1334
01:19:28,631 --> 01:19:31,076
You're going to evacuate some of them.
Some are going to go in the water
1335
01:19:31,100 --> 01:19:33,178
and some are going to have to
get picked up by the other ship.
1336
01:19:33,202 --> 01:19:35,636
So that's your biggest problem,
is the transfer.
1337
01:19:35,704 --> 01:19:39,140
Driving a ship backwards,
I was not in favor,
1338
01:19:39,208 --> 01:19:41,540
but I had no objective reasons.
1339
01:19:41,610 --> 01:19:43,976
It just seemed like
the wrong thing to do to me.
1340
01:19:43,979 --> 01:19:44,001
It just seemed like
the wrong thing to do to me.
1341
01:19:44,613 --> 01:19:47,241
My first favorite idea is to
put everybody on the iceberg
1342
01:19:47,316 --> 01:19:48,316
'cause it's not sinking.
1343
01:19:49,018 --> 01:19:51,384
Take a fur coat, sit on the iceberg.
1344
01:19:51,453 --> 01:19:52,886
If you have access to the iceberg.
1345
01:19:52,955 --> 01:19:55,116
Why don't you have access to it?
You just ran into it.
1346
01:19:55,190 --> 01:19:56,623
You left it behind.
1347
01:19:56,692 --> 01:19:59,286
A couple hundred meters away.
It's sitting right there.
1348
01:19:59,361 --> 01:20:03,525
If you have trouble convincing people
to get into a lifeboat...
1349
01:20:05,601 --> 01:20:08,764
They didn't have any trouble
when they got up to boat 13 and 15.
1350
01:20:08,837 --> 01:20:10,168
- That was later.
- Yeah.
1351
01:20:10,239 --> 01:20:11,263
That was later.
1352
01:20:11,340 --> 01:20:14,070
How are you going to put 2,000 people
on an iceberg that
1353
01:20:14,143 --> 01:20:17,010
you know is pretty irregular?
1354
01:20:17,079 --> 01:20:19,157
And how in the hell are
you going to get them on top?
1355
01:20:19,181 --> 01:20:21,459
- What I would do is...
- I think I'd be taking a chance on that.
1356
01:20:21,483 --> 01:20:23,474
- Here's the option.
- It's either that,
1357
01:20:23,552 --> 01:20:26,020
or cling to the stern, which is going down.
1358
01:20:26,088 --> 01:20:27,248
No, no. Option two.
1359
01:20:27,323 --> 01:20:29,985
They had received reports for days
that there was field ice,
1360
01:20:30,059 --> 01:20:32,857
and they knew
they were within five miles of it.
1361
01:20:32,928 --> 01:20:34,520
- Field ice. Pack ice.
- Right.
1362
01:20:34,596 --> 01:20:38,225
Now that you can easily walk right onto
from any shell door.
1363
01:20:38,300 --> 01:20:40,598
Sure. Just drive the ship right into it.
1364
01:20:40,669 --> 01:20:45,231
I would've headed northwest
until I hit the pack ice.
1365
01:20:46,075 --> 01:20:47,565
Much easier than climbing.
1366
01:20:47,643 --> 01:20:49,508
- But then you have to sail.
- Yes, yes.
1367
01:20:49,578 --> 01:20:50,840
Why you don't sail to the ship?
1368
01:20:50,913 --> 01:20:52,813
To the ship?
Because of the transfer problem.
1369
01:20:52,881 --> 01:20:54,644
I would prefer to be on the ship than...
1370
01:20:54,717 --> 01:20:57,208
What if the ship turns out to be
a 50-foot fishing sloop?
1371
01:20:57,286 --> 01:21:00,653
How do you get 3,000 people
on a 50-foot ship.
1372
01:21:01,457 --> 01:21:05,359
I don't think we came up
with any super brilliant ways to solve it.
1373
01:21:05,427 --> 01:21:07,190
There were a couple
that might have worked,
1374
01:21:07,262 --> 01:21:09,423
if you were incredibly ballsy
and just went for them.
1375
01:21:09,665 --> 01:21:12,862
You could've spent your time
fashioning rafts.
1376
01:21:13,402 --> 01:21:16,030
Oh, that's another...
That could be a possibility
1377
01:21:16,105 --> 01:21:17,970
with all the chairs and stuff like that.
1378
01:21:18,040 --> 01:21:20,099
But the people,
they will be already in the water.
1379
01:21:20,175 --> 01:21:22,609
You could go tear the woodwork
off the first-class lounge
1380
01:21:22,678 --> 01:21:25,457
- and throw more of that into the water.
- One guy took a bunch of deck chairs
1381
01:21:25,481 --> 01:21:27,025
and he made a raft out of it and survived.
1382
01:21:27,049 --> 01:21:29,074
Yeah, but you can put
more and more on them...
1383
01:21:29,151 --> 01:21:30,862
No, but that's
one guy on his own initiative.
1384
01:21:30,886 --> 01:21:32,820
If you had the crew concentrated
1385
01:21:32,888 --> 01:21:37,882
on fashioning rafts from the
carpenters' stores, I think that...
1386
01:21:37,960 --> 01:21:41,225
I don't see that happening.
You might've saved another 50 people.
1387
01:21:41,296 --> 01:21:44,129
Some people have come up with the idea of
1388
01:21:44,199 --> 01:21:46,690
gathering together
a whole bunch of mattresses
1389
01:21:46,769 --> 01:21:51,069
and lowering them over by ropes
over the side, and they suck against the...
1390
01:21:51,140 --> 01:21:54,405
'Cause they knew from the inside
where the leaks were.
1391
01:21:54,476 --> 01:21:59,072
Ken had an interesting idea of putting
mattresses down the side of the ship
1392
01:21:59,148 --> 01:22:02,188
and trying to block the inrush of water
into boiler room 5 and boiler room 6.
1393
01:22:07,256 --> 01:22:10,123
And I think, as we argued it,
1394
01:22:10,192 --> 01:22:13,025
there was some possibility that,
that might've worked.
1395
01:22:13,095 --> 01:22:15,620
So our model indicates that if you just
1396
01:22:15,697 --> 01:22:18,461
lower the permeability in the holds
and forward spaces enough,
1397
01:22:19,001 --> 01:22:21,765
that you would reach equilibrium
and you would never go down,
1398
01:22:21,837 --> 01:22:24,169
or it would take
hours and hours and hours and hours.
1399
01:22:24,273 --> 01:22:27,640
- So how do you...
- So take all the lifejackets on board,
1400
01:22:27,709 --> 01:22:28,709
just all of them,
1401
01:22:28,777 --> 01:22:30,768
and shove them down
in those four compartments.
1402
01:22:30,846 --> 01:22:32,677
You would lower the permeabilities
really low.
1403
01:22:32,748 --> 01:22:34,807
- That's pretty scary.
- Like a ping-pong ball?
1404
01:22:34,883 --> 01:22:36,373
- Yeah.
- That's pretty scary.
1405
01:22:36,452 --> 01:22:39,910
But all you gotto do is
reduce 20% of that total volume.
1406
01:22:39,988 --> 01:22:42,333
- I mean, that's a lot of volume, but...
- How do you get them in?
1407
01:22:42,357 --> 01:22:44,689
Because you try to push them down,
they keep popping up.
1408
01:22:44,760 --> 01:22:47,729
You put them in before the flooding.
1409
01:22:47,796 --> 01:22:49,889
- I like that.
- That is really cinematic.
1410
01:22:49,965 --> 01:22:53,332
The risk of taking the lifejackets
off of all the passengers,
1411
01:22:53,402 --> 01:22:55,393
saying, "we're going to do this instead."
1412
01:22:55,471 --> 01:22:58,770
Well, they can live, or they can die
in the water wearing lifejackets.
1413
01:22:58,841 --> 01:22:59,841
Yeah.
1414
01:22:59,908 --> 01:23:03,469
Now take away every lifejacket from
every man, woman, and child on the ship,
1415
01:23:03,545 --> 01:23:05,604
and put them all into one room.
1416
01:23:06,648 --> 01:23:11,085
That might be piling your chips
on one long shot.
1417
01:23:12,387 --> 01:23:14,685
Now based on
what we've learned in this room,
1418
01:23:14,756 --> 01:23:17,486
what did we get wrong
in depicting the tragedy
1419
01:23:17,559 --> 01:23:18,753
in the feature film?
1420
01:23:24,733 --> 01:23:28,294
All right boys. Like the captain said,
nice and cheery, so there's no panic.
1421
01:23:29,571 --> 01:23:31,038
"Wedding dance."
1422
01:23:33,609 --> 01:23:36,187
We never really took much of a beating
for what we showed in the movie.
1423
01:23:36,211 --> 01:23:39,237
There were people
that disagreed with certain aspects of it
1424
01:23:39,314 --> 01:23:42,772
because they had their own
preconceptions of what it was like.
1425
01:23:44,253 --> 01:23:45,720
Stop!
1426
01:23:47,055 --> 01:23:48,113
Hold the left side!
1427
01:23:48,190 --> 01:23:52,286
It was generally, broadly
well-accepted in the Titanic community.
1428
01:23:52,628 --> 01:23:55,791
I think it's really more that
we're just hard on ourselves.
1429
01:23:56,298 --> 01:23:59,961
Based on what we know now,
what did we screw up in the movie?
1430
01:24:00,602 --> 01:24:03,214
We didn't screw it up. We were basing it
on what we knew at the time.
1431
01:24:03,238 --> 01:24:04,238
Exactly.
1432
01:24:04,306 --> 01:24:08,265
So, I think, of course, Ken could
give us a list about 100 things long.
1433
01:24:08,343 --> 01:24:10,470
Are we just really nitpicking
over physical things
1434
01:24:10,546 --> 01:24:12,605
that we would do different
with your sinking?
1435
01:24:12,681 --> 01:24:15,159
What you would consider nitpicking
and what I would consider nitpicking
1436
01:24:15,183 --> 01:24:16,183
are two different things.
1437
01:24:16,251 --> 01:24:19,030
- Your broad strokes are my nitpicks.
- No, I'm talking about the sinking.
1438
01:24:19,054 --> 01:24:20,665
- The way you depicted the sinking.
- Yeah.
1439
01:24:20,689 --> 01:24:24,147
- There is a mistake. There was a...
- The broad strokes are very accurate.
1440
01:24:24,226 --> 01:24:27,127
At one point during the sinking,
there was a clear list where
1441
01:24:27,195 --> 01:24:31,723
lifeboats were really scraping the side
and they were trying to push with oars
1442
01:24:31,800 --> 01:24:33,859
to even lower the boats,
1443
01:24:33,936 --> 01:24:35,801
and that isn't depicted in the movie.
1444
01:24:35,871 --> 01:24:39,432
So that's something that could be changed,
if it were ever to be done.
1445
01:24:39,508 --> 01:24:42,828
The next time I build a 1.5 million pound
set and lower it four stories into a tank,
1446
01:24:46,481 --> 01:24:48,381
I'll make sure I get that list on there.
1447
01:24:50,619 --> 01:24:54,783
Boat 11, which is caught
with the condenser discharge,
1448
01:24:54,856 --> 01:24:59,452
is trying to row away while
13 is coming down almost on top of it,
1449
01:24:59,461 --> 01:25:00,758
right behind that.
1450
01:25:00,829 --> 01:25:03,593
And just about the time
that 13 hits the water,
1451
01:25:03,665 --> 01:25:06,429
15 will be coming down on top of that.
1452
01:25:06,501 --> 01:25:10,597
And the wash from that discharge
washes 13 aft,
1453
01:25:10,672 --> 01:25:12,503
right underneath 15
1454
01:25:12,574 --> 01:25:15,304
to the place where the passengers
can reach up and touch the bottom
1455
01:25:15,377 --> 01:25:17,106
of that 15 coming down.
1456
01:25:17,179 --> 01:25:19,624
And they were panicked.
They didn't know if they could hear them.
1457
01:25:19,648 --> 01:25:23,311
But, fortunately, they were able to
release the falls on 13 just in time
1458
01:25:23,385 --> 01:25:24,409
to row out of the way.
1459
01:25:24,486 --> 01:25:28,252
And then 15 came down right
where 13 had been just moments before.
1460
01:25:28,323 --> 01:25:29,585
Can you hear me, Jim?
1461
01:25:29,858 --> 01:25:32,452
They should be able to stand up
and touch the bottom,
1462
01:25:32,527 --> 01:25:34,961
and it shouldn't be
really much lower than that.
1463
01:25:36,098 --> 01:25:39,067
Thanks for your opinion.
Now I'm going to make it exciting.
1464
01:25:39,134 --> 01:25:42,626
What I told various interviewers
during the marketing of the film was,
1465
01:25:42,704 --> 01:25:46,105
"I want this movie to be
like you went back in a time machine
1466
01:25:46,174 --> 01:25:48,108
"and you actually were
there for the sinking.
1467
01:25:48,176 --> 01:25:49,700
"That's how accurate I want it to be."
1468
01:25:49,778 --> 01:25:52,008
Now that didn't prove to be possible.
1469
01:25:52,314 --> 01:25:55,283
What about the colors of the rockets?
1470
01:26:03,291 --> 01:26:05,623
We talked about that at the time
and there was...
1471
01:26:05,694 --> 01:26:07,127
The consensus was they were white.
1472
01:26:07,195 --> 01:26:08,339
Well, no. It wasn't the consensus.
1473
01:26:08,363 --> 01:26:10,524
It was because
nobody would've believed you
1474
01:26:10,599 --> 01:26:12,977
if you'd had them burst into colored balls.
That's my memory.
1475
01:26:13,001 --> 01:26:14,078
Do you think they were colored?
1476
01:26:14,102 --> 01:26:16,593
'Cause you asked me about...
We know they were now.
1477
01:26:16,672 --> 01:26:18,663
- They were white.
- We had enough...
1478
01:26:18,740 --> 01:26:20,151
- He says they weren't white.
- They went up white,
1479
01:26:20,175 --> 01:26:22,053
- and they burst into colored balls.
- Yeah, they were white.
1480
01:26:22,077 --> 01:26:23,077
- All of them.
- No.
1481
01:26:23,145 --> 01:26:24,355
They went up white
and burst into colored balls.
1482
01:26:24,379 --> 01:26:25,379
Yup.
1483
01:26:25,447 --> 01:26:26,724
Well, no, it wasn't the consensus,
1484
01:26:26,748 --> 01:26:29,342
it was because
nobody would've believed you.
1485
01:26:29,418 --> 01:26:32,363
The only people who said they burst out
into white balls were the officers.
1486
01:26:32,387 --> 01:26:34,287
Can we put parks' monitor up, please?
1487
01:26:34,856 --> 01:26:37,825
'Cause this is something
we did not know then that I now know.
1488
01:26:38,393 --> 01:26:41,487
- 2004, we found a box of rocket detonators.
- Right.
1489
01:26:41,563 --> 01:26:45,158
And the interesting thing about this is,
1490
01:26:45,233 --> 01:26:49,533
there was a hole
behind the brass cone of the detonator
1491
01:26:49,604 --> 01:26:51,367
that was cut out to let you see
1492
01:26:51,440 --> 01:26:55,638
the color of the balls that would
come out of this white burst.
1493
01:26:55,711 --> 01:27:00,739
This is definitely bluer and greener,
and this is definitely warmer, redder.
1494
01:27:01,349 --> 01:27:02,611
Obviously white.
1495
01:27:02,684 --> 01:27:04,242
What a discovery.
1496
01:27:04,319 --> 01:27:05,752
That's pretty cool.
1497
01:27:05,821 --> 01:27:07,632
I wish we'd had that
when we were making the movie.
1498
01:27:07,656 --> 01:27:09,180
We would've made it look right.
1499
01:27:09,257 --> 01:27:13,057
And so, apparently they were sending up
rockets that did burst into colored balls,
1500
01:27:13,128 --> 01:27:14,322
the way people remembered.
1501
01:27:14,396 --> 01:27:15,907
He's got to go back and change everything
1502
01:27:15,931 --> 01:27:17,421
he's ever written about the rockets,
1503
01:27:17,499 --> 01:27:20,366
Ken's got to go back and
redo every painting he's ever done,
1504
01:27:20,435 --> 01:27:23,700
and I'd have to go back and redo the movie
1505
01:27:23,772 --> 01:27:26,570
and change the colors of
some of the rockets at least.
1506
01:27:26,641 --> 01:27:29,906
Of course what we all cling to is,
at least some of them were white.
1507
01:27:29,978 --> 01:27:30,000
Well, how about the fact that
all of your paintings and the movie
1508
01:27:30,011 --> 01:27:33,811
well, how about the fact that
all of your paintings and the movie
1509
01:27:33,882 --> 01:27:36,510
show the elevation of the stern
significantly higher than
1510
01:27:36,585 --> 01:27:39,076
what we now know from this simulation.
1511
01:27:39,387 --> 01:27:41,150
We now know
the angle of the ship's too high.
1512
01:27:41,223 --> 01:27:43,020
It's dramatic. You know, it looks cool.
1513
01:27:46,495 --> 01:27:50,056
So it's not like there was this equipoise,
this moment of it just sitting there.
1514
01:27:49,531 --> 01:27:54,161
In fact, it would've just accelerated
through that angle
1515
01:27:50,132 --> 01:27:58,132
Even though we protracted it in the film,
and that's the romanticized image of it.
1516
01:27:59,641 --> 01:28:01,108
Until it finally did that.
1517
01:28:01,276 --> 01:28:04,507
It's not vastly different
than what we've showed,
1518
01:28:04,579 --> 01:28:06,342
just a little less dramatic.
1519
01:28:06,414 --> 01:28:10,441
And I think that we're constantly trying to
take into consideration
1520
01:28:10,519 --> 01:28:13,818
what eyewitnesses saw
and how dramatic it was to them,
1521
01:28:13,889 --> 01:28:16,187
how it felt to them, and how they might've
1522
01:28:16,258 --> 01:28:19,022
slightly exaggerated things later,
in the telling of the story,
1523
01:28:19,094 --> 01:28:20,925
as almost everyone would do.
1524
01:28:22,964 --> 01:28:25,228
Bloody pull faster! And pull!
1525
01:28:26,635 --> 01:28:28,398
But we weren't wrong in broad strokes.
1526
01:28:28,470 --> 01:28:30,768
The ship broke at the surface.
We know that.
1527
01:28:39,848 --> 01:28:42,180
The bow plunged vertically. We know that.
1528
01:28:43,485 --> 01:28:45,646
The stern hung around for a while.
We know that.
1529
01:28:49,057 --> 01:28:51,958
So the movie was true in its broad strokes.
1530
01:28:52,027 --> 01:28:57,021
So I didn't feel after the film
that I had a lot to defend.
1531
01:28:57,532 --> 01:29:00,023
I felt like we had done good work
at the time.
1532
01:29:00,635 --> 01:29:01,761
But it was limited.
1533
01:29:01,837 --> 01:29:04,601
There was still so much more
that the wreck site could teach us,
1534
01:29:04,673 --> 01:29:06,433
which is why I personally
went back out there
1535
01:29:06,474 --> 01:29:09,238
on two successive expeditions.
1536
01:29:10,378 --> 01:29:12,618
My decision has been to
not change anything in the movie.
1537
01:29:13,949 --> 01:29:16,918
Because once you start that process,
where do you stop?
1538
01:29:18,220 --> 01:29:21,348
And the things that are wrong
are things that would only bother
1539
01:29:21,423 --> 01:29:22,913
eight people in the world.
1540
01:29:23,391 --> 01:29:26,326
Myself being one of them,
but I can live with it.
1541
01:29:27,229 --> 01:29:29,029
Even though I'm not going to
change the movie,
1542
01:29:29,097 --> 01:29:31,861
I do get to redo
the animation of the sinking.
1543
01:29:32,400 --> 01:29:33,731
It's going to be very cool.
1544
01:29:33,802 --> 01:29:37,465
The most accurate depiction ever
of what happened that night,
1545
01:29:37,539 --> 01:29:39,166
100 years ago.
1546
01:29:42,611 --> 01:29:43,771
We've beat it up.
1547
01:29:44,880 --> 01:29:46,142
We've disagreed.
1548
01:29:48,850 --> 01:29:51,114
But we've found a lot of consensus.
1549
01:29:51,419 --> 01:29:54,286
We've advanced our knowledge
of Titanic's final moments,
1550
01:29:54,756 --> 01:29:58,283
and have plugged what we've learned
into an updated visual record.
1551
01:29:58,360 --> 01:30:01,056
The final word on the
disaster in animation.
1552
01:30:03,398 --> 01:30:05,559
So this is the last thing I...
1553
01:30:06,835 --> 01:30:07,961
As quicktime, as you had...
1554
01:30:08,036 --> 01:30:12,837
Now did you notice that,
in stettler's paper, he said that
1555
01:30:12,841 --> 01:30:16,277
the final trim angle before the break
was 23 degrees, not 197?
1556
01:30:16,344 --> 01:30:17,436
Yes.
1557
01:30:17,512 --> 01:30:21,243
Since the conclusion of our investigation,
commander stettler revised his results
1558
01:30:21,316 --> 01:30:24,547
and published 23 degrees
maximum angle of tilt.
1559
01:30:24,619 --> 01:30:29,079
You know, if our two-and-a-half year
engineering study shows 23 degrees,
1560
01:30:29,157 --> 01:30:31,182
we should show 23 degrees.
1561
01:30:31,259 --> 01:30:32,385
Okay, there.
1562
01:30:32,460 --> 01:30:34,758
That's the number that
he settled on, right?
1563
01:30:34,829 --> 01:30:36,829
It's two degrees off right now.
That's an easy fix.
1564
01:30:36,865 --> 01:30:39,629
You know, we've been arguing
over the number of degrees
1565
01:30:39,701 --> 01:30:41,532
for about 15 years now.
1566
01:30:41,603 --> 01:30:42,831
Let's make it 23 degrees.
1567
01:30:42,904 --> 01:30:45,304
Oh, absolutely. I'm happy to do it.
1568
01:30:45,373 --> 01:30:46,738
All right. Let's put this to bed.
1569
01:30:46,841 --> 01:30:47,841
There we go.
1570
01:30:49,477 --> 01:30:53,607
All right. That looks good.
The ship's veering to port at 22 knots.
1571
01:30:54,316 --> 01:30:56,113
Sideswipes the iceberg.
1572
01:30:56,184 --> 01:31:00,211
Murdoch ports around the iceberg,
trying to keep from hitting the propellers.
1573
01:31:00,288 --> 01:31:01,482
That looks pretty good.
1574
01:31:03,658 --> 01:31:06,388
Okay, so now we're watching
in accelerated time.
1575
01:31:06,461 --> 01:31:10,522
We see the first five compartments flood.
They equalize pretty quickly.
1576
01:31:10,632 --> 01:31:11,963
Bow is pulled down.
1577
01:31:15,637 --> 01:31:17,104
We see the port list.
1578
01:31:17,172 --> 01:31:19,606
Port list looks right.
That looks like about nine degrees.
1579
01:31:19,674 --> 01:31:24,008
Oh, you can really see the effect
of that list on the flooding.
1580
01:31:32,053 --> 01:31:34,954
So, yeah, superstructure
starts to get pulled under.
1581
01:31:42,564 --> 01:31:44,225
Funnels collapse at their base.
1582
01:31:46,901 --> 01:31:50,462
Now the bow is accelerating downward.
That looks good.
1583
01:31:50,538 --> 01:31:52,768
We're starting to see the stern come up.
1584
01:31:52,841 --> 01:31:55,742
We got our maximum peak stress,
and yeah, boom!
1585
01:31:55,810 --> 01:31:56,902
It breaks.
1586
01:31:56,978 --> 01:31:59,503
Okay, bow swinging down...
That looks good.
1587
01:31:59,981 --> 01:32:01,676
The double keel hang on,
1588
01:32:02,717 --> 01:32:04,082
then they separate.
1589
01:32:04,152 --> 01:32:06,017
Bow plunges straight down.
1590
01:32:06,087 --> 01:32:08,112
All right, we got mast snapping back,
1591
01:32:08,189 --> 01:32:11,420
the funnels are ripping backwards,
pulling off all the davits.
1592
01:32:13,028 --> 01:32:15,087
Bow is going down like a torpedo.
1593
01:32:15,163 --> 01:32:18,621
Here's the angle when it falls through
into a stable position.
1594
01:32:18,700 --> 01:32:19,826
Let's see the stern.
1595
01:32:21,603 --> 01:32:24,197
Keeling way over to port. That looks right.
1596
01:32:24,272 --> 01:32:25,583
And she goes... yup, that is right.
1597
01:32:25,607 --> 01:32:28,185
She goes almost vertical
just when she goes under, and then, boom!
1598
01:32:28,209 --> 01:32:29,233
Implodes.
1599
01:32:29,878 --> 01:32:32,870
Now she accelerates,
and all the stuff starts to rip off.
1600
01:32:33,481 --> 01:32:36,075
See the shell plating going.
There goes the double bottom.
1601
01:32:36,151 --> 01:32:38,016
Double bottom frisbeeing off.
1602
01:32:38,953 --> 01:32:40,750
And the stern's falling through.
1603
01:32:41,856 --> 01:32:44,916
So now the stern's falling aft-end down.
1604
01:32:45,960 --> 01:32:48,155
And we see the spiraling.
1605
01:32:50,065 --> 01:32:51,065
Here comes the bow.
1606
01:32:51,132 --> 01:32:54,397
Bow is falling in its stable position,
and it hits...
1607
01:32:54,469 --> 01:32:55,469
Yeah, boom!
1608
01:32:55,537 --> 01:32:56,834
It kind of breaks ils back.
1609
01:32:56,905 --> 01:32:59,567
And we see the hydraulic outburst
and the down blast effect.
1610
01:32:59,641 --> 01:33:00,938
Let's see the stern.
1611
01:33:02,477 --> 01:33:06,641
Oh, you see the shell plating blowing off,
decks, everything kind of settling around it.
1612
01:33:08,149 --> 01:33:10,174
Looks like a big airplane crash site.
1613
01:33:13,421 --> 01:33:15,116
That's exactly what we're looking for.
1614
01:33:19,527 --> 01:33:20,425
And action!
1615
01:33:20,428 --> 01:33:20,519
And action!
1616
01:33:21,196 --> 01:33:23,721
I've been working on Titanic
for nearly 20 years.
1617
01:33:26,234 --> 01:33:29,761
I've planned this investigation
to be my final word.
1618
01:33:30,605 --> 01:33:34,735
It's time for me to pass the Baton
and move on to some new challenges,
1619
01:33:36,044 --> 01:33:38,569
but I'll never stop thinking about Titanic.
1620
01:33:38,646 --> 01:33:43,640
For me, it's so much more than
simply an exercise in forensic archeology.
1621
01:33:48,923 --> 01:33:53,257
Part of the Titanic parable
is of arrogance, of hubris,
1622
01:33:53,261 --> 01:33:56,389
of the sense that we're too big to fall.
1623
01:33:57,932 --> 01:33:59,572
Well, where have
we heard that one before?
1624
01:34:04,139 --> 01:34:06,130
There was this big machine,
1625
01:34:06,207 --> 01:34:09,973
this human system that was
pushing forward with so much momentum
1626
01:34:10,044 --> 01:34:13,605
that it couldn't turn, it couldn't
stop in time to avert a disaster.
1627
01:34:13,681 --> 01:34:15,041
And that's what we have right now.
1628
01:34:19,287 --> 01:34:22,120
Within that human system
on board that ship,
1629
01:34:22,190 --> 01:34:24,624
if you want to make it
a microcosm for the world,
1630
01:34:24,692 --> 01:34:26,717
you have different classes.
1631
01:34:26,794 --> 01:34:29,285
You've got first class, second class,
third class.
1632
01:34:29,364 --> 01:34:30,991
Well, in our world right now,
1633
01:34:31,065 --> 01:34:33,533
you've got developed nations
and undeveloped nations.
1634
01:34:33,601 --> 01:34:35,967
You've got the starving millions
1635
01:34:36,037 --> 01:34:39,529
who are going to be the ones most affected
by the next iceberg that we hit,
1636
01:34:39,607 --> 01:34:41,047
which is going to be climate change.
1637
01:34:41,576 --> 01:34:43,567
We can see that iceberg
ahead of us right now,
1638
01:34:43,645 --> 01:34:44,942
but we can't turn.
1639
01:34:45,013 --> 01:34:47,777
We can't turn
because of the momentum of the system.
1640
01:34:47,849 --> 01:34:50,374
Political momentum, business momentum.
1641
01:34:50,451 --> 01:34:52,919
There are too many people
making money out of the system
1642
01:34:52,987 --> 01:34:55,387
the way the system works right now.
1643
01:34:55,456 --> 01:34:58,914
And those people, frankly,
have their hands on the levers of power
1644
01:34:58,993 --> 01:35:00,483
and aren't ready to let them go.
1645
01:35:00,929 --> 01:35:03,796
Until they do, we're not going to be
able to turn and miss that iceberg,
1646
01:35:03,865 --> 01:35:05,298
and we're going to hit it.
1647
01:35:05,366 --> 01:35:06,731
When we hit it,
1648
01:35:06,801 --> 01:35:09,463
the rich are still going to be
able to get their access
1649
01:35:09,537 --> 01:35:11,528
fo food, to arable land,
to water, and so on.
1650
01:35:11,606 --> 01:35:12,646
It's going to be the poor,
1651
01:35:12,674 --> 01:35:14,585
it's going to be the steerage
that are going to be impacted.
1652
01:35:14,609 --> 01:35:16,099
And it was the same with Titanic.
1653
01:35:17,612 --> 01:35:21,548
And I think that's why this story
will always fascinate people,
1654
01:35:21,616 --> 01:35:24,856
because it is a perfect, little encapsulation
of the world and all social spectra.
1655
01:35:28,056 --> 01:35:32,789
But until our lives are really put at risk,
the moment of truth,
1656
01:35:32,860 --> 01:35:35,351
we don't know what we would do.
1657
01:35:36,598 --> 01:35:38,031
And that's my final word.
140477
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