All language subtitles for [English] Die primitive Wirbelwind, die ber 3.200 alliierte Tiefflieger an der Westfront 1944 abscho

It is June 17, 1944,

over Normandy. An American

P47

Thunderbolt pilot begins his

routine low-level attack on a German tank column. He flew these attacks

dozens of times. But what he doesn't

see is something new standing between the tanks

. A tank with four flag tubes.

The whirlwind fires 300 shots per minute,

quadruple. Over the next three seconds,

grenades over 220 cm in diameter will

cross his flight path. The pilot will never

return home, and he

is just one of thousands.

Allied air superiority was

overwhelming, absolute. But a single

German flag tank would

challenge this superiority and

achieve a kill rate that

is still hard to believe today.

But why did this highly successful

tank disappear from the battlefields after only a few months

? The answer will

surprise you. In the spring of 1944,

the Wehrmacht faced a deadly

problem. Every tank attack, every

troop movement ended in a hail of fire from low-flying

fighter-bombers

. Typhoons Thunderbolts,

Lightnings. They came in waves. The

German Air Force is practically non-existent.

The sky belonged to the enemy.

Tank crews called the streets of

France avenues. Vehicles were

parked, camouflaged, and hidden. Movement

only at night. The Allies had

achieved total air superiority and

they used it ruthlessly. Existing

flag tanks were hopelessly

overwhelmed. The furniture van, a

quadruple vehicle on an open armored body, was too

vulnerable. The SDKfz10,

mobile but thinly armored. One

hit and the crew was dead. What

the Wehrmacht needed was a hybrid:

the protection of a tank, the firepower

of a Flagging vehicle, and the

mobility to

keep up with armored units. The solution

came from Ostbau, a company in

Sagern, Silesia.

Engineer Karl Wilhelm Krause

developed a simple but ingenious

design. The basis is the chassis of the

Panzer 4, proven, available, robust.

On top of that was a nine-sided open flag turret made

of 20 mm thick armor plates.

In this turret, the Flagerling 38

mm Flag Cannon has a combined firing rate of 800

to 1200 rounds per minute. A

rain of steel that turned the sky into a

death zone. The name

Whirlwind. He could

n't have been named more appropriately. The technical

specifications read as unremarkable.

Length 5.9 m, width 2.89

m, height with turret 2.67

m, weight 22 tons, lighter than a

complete Panzer IV tank. The engine is a

Maibach HL120,

12 cylinders, 300 horsepower.

Maximum speed on the road: 38 km

/h, off-road capable, reliable,

maintainable. Range 200 km [snorting]

enough to keep pace with rapid tank advances

. The armor was

functionally 80 mm thick at the front of the hull, and

20 mm thick all around the turret. No protection

against anti-tank guns.

He wasn't built for that. His enemy

came from the air, and

the turret offered sufficient protection,

splinter protection, and a survival advantage against aircraft machine guns and onboard cannons.

The tower itself was a masterpiece of

pragmatic construction, nine-sided

to reduce production costs. No

roof. The operating crew needed a

clear view upwards. The flag quadruple

could rotate 360°

. Elevation -10 to +100°. That

meant low-flying aircraft directly over the

tank. No problem. Ground targets are also

possible. Versatility was built in.

The armament was the centerpiece: 4 Flag

38 tubes, caliber 20 mm. Each cannon can fire up

to 300 shots per minute. With well-

trained crews, the

quadruple mount achieved a combined fire rate of 1200 rounds. A

single magazine held 20 grenades.

The crew could

choose between different types of ammunition.

Armor-piercing explosive shells,

tracer shells. Mostly a mixture. The

tracer light helped with aiming. The effect

was devastating. Effective range

against aerial targets 2200 m, maximum

range 4700 m. But the true

lethality of the whirlwind lay not in

its range. It was in the volume. She

is a treasure. A single whirlwind

could pump 300 grenades into the air in 15 seconds

. This created a wall

of steel and explosions. Pilots

called it Flagkon.

Curtain of fire. Before we

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episode. The crew consisted of five

men. Commander, driver, radio operator and

two gunners at the flag quadruple.

Everyone had a clear task. The

commander identified targets and

coordinated the fire. The

gunners operated the quadruple gun,

one for elevation and trigger, one for

direction. Teamwork was

vital for survival.

A well-trained crew could

locate and engage a target in seconds

. The ammunition capacity was

considerable. 3220

mm shells on board, enough for several

intense battles. Reloading was

dangerous and time-consuming. Therefore,

ammunition was rationed. Short,

targeted bursts of fire. Do not empty the entire

magazine at once. Discipline was

part of survival. Production

began in July 1944

at Ostbau in Sagan, but the

production numbers remained alarmingly

low. Only 106 Whirlwind Flag Tanks

were ever built. 106, that was

all. Why so few? The reasons were

varied and tragic. First, there is a shortage of

materials. Germany was

under enormous pressure in 1944. Raw materials became

scarce. Steel, ammunition, fuel,

everything was rationed. Every whirlwind

meant resources that could not be

invested in tanks, tigers, or panzers

. Uh, secondly,

production capacities.

Ostbau was not a large corporation. The

production lines were limited.

At the same time, damaged tanks had to be

repaired, spare parts produced, and

other flag tanks built. The

whirlwind was just one project among

many. Thirdly, competition. Parallel

to the whirlwind, the

east wind was developed. A flag tank with a more

powerful 3.5 cm flag. More

power, greater range.

The Wehrmacht wavered. Which tank

was the better investment?

This indecisiveness paralyzed

production, and fourthly, the war had

already turned. In the summer of 1944,

the strategic situation was hopeless.

The Allies landed in

Normandy. The Red Army rolled in from the

east. Germany fought on

all fronts simultaneously. Flag tanks

were important, but could they

still turn the tide of the war? The management had

doubts. Despite these challenging

circumstances, 104 Wirbelwind tanks left the eastern fortifications between July and

November 1944

.

Two more were later

assembled from damaged Panzer 4 tanks,

106 in total. A tiny number,

yet these few vehicles should

have an extraordinary impact.

The first Wirbelwinds reached the

front in August 1944.

Normandy, Western Front, exactly where they were most urgently

needed. The

tank units greeted them with

relief. Finally, protection from the

ever-present fighter jets. Finally, a

weapon that could fight back. The

operational doctrine was clear: Whirlwinds

should not operate in isolation. They

drove embedded in columns of tanks.

Their task: To secure the airspace above

advancing or retreating

units.

Open fire immediately upon contact with the enemy from the air. The

sheer firepower was intended to

deter or destroy attackers before they

could fire their bombs and rockets. But the whirlwind could do

more. His quadruple cannons were also

terribly effective against ground targets.

Lightly armored vehicles, infantry,

buildings. Everything could be torn to pieces under the hail

of 20 mm grenades. In

street battles and during defense,

the whirlwind became a nightmare for

attacking infantry. The high

rate of fire turned every square meter into a

death zone, and then came the combat deployment,

the test of character.

The Allies controlled the skies

with an arrogance born of absolute

superiority. Their pilots

flew low, boldly, confidently. Why

not? The German flag was mostly

weak and uncoordinated.

But then they encountered the whirlwind.

The pilots had no chance to

react.

A wall of fire suddenly exploded from within the column of tanks

. Shots per minute.

Tracer bullets drew deadly

lines across the sky. The first use of

whirlwind bombs in Normandy was

a shock to the Allies.

Thunderbolts and Typhoons

attacking at low altitude were literally

ripped out of the air. The surprise was

total, the losses immediately noticeable.

Within the first three weeks after

its introduction,

Whirlwind crews reported 47 confirmed

kills. An impressive number for

so few vehicles. But the real

effect lay not only in the shootings,

it lay in the deterrence. Allied

pilots began to avoid tank columns

that carried a whirlwind

. The characteristic

quadruple fire was feared,

recognized, and avoided. The British called it a

furniture van, a case of mistaken identity with

its predecessor. The Americans coined

the term Quad 20, but everyone knew how

dangerous it was.

Intelligence reports warned about the

new German flag tank. They recommended

avoiding attacks on convoys using this vehicle or only

carrying them out from a greater height. But

greater altitude meant less

precision, fewer dead German tanks.

In September 1944,

during the Allied advance through

France and Belgium, the

air threat escalated further. The RAF

and the US Army Air Forces flew

thousands of missions daily. Fighter-bombers

hunted every moving German

vehicle. During this time, the

whirlwind proved its warning value. At Ahnheim

during Operation Marketgarden,

Wirbelwindz covered the retreat of

German units. They shot

down 21 Allied aircraft within 4 days. The

Allies lost so many aircraft

that low-level attacks in this sector

were temporarily suspended. The

crews of the Whirlwind developed their

own tactics. They positioned themselves

at bottlenecks, now at bridges,

forest edges, intersections, everywhere where

Bos had to concentrate their attacks

. The whirlwind waited patiently,

and when the enemy came swooping down, too

focused on its target, all hell broke loose

.

The combined action of the four cannons

created a cone of fire from which there was

hardly any escape. Some

crews painted their turrets with

kill markers for

10, 15, 20 kills. The most successful

Whirlwinds became legends in their

divisions. But the whirlwind was

n't just fighting against the air.

At Achend in October 1944,

several Wirbelwinds were involved in the

town's defense; their

task was to

hold back American infantry, and they did so with

gruesome efficiency. Urban canyons

became killing zones. The 20 mm

grenades pierced walls,

exploded in rooms, and tore apart everything

living. American soldiers

reported encountering Meetgrinders,

meat grinders on chains. Some

whirlwinds held entire city blocks

for hours. The statistical

records of the Wehrmacht, however

incomplete they became towards the end of the war,

are nevertheless revealing.

By December 1944,

Whirlwind units had reported over 800

confirmed aerial kills.

The actual number was probably

higher. Many kills remained

unconfirmed. Planes that

were hit and later crashed.

Damaged machines that did

not reach their base. The number of unreported cases

was enormous. But then winter came.

The Adennen Offensive. The

company is watching the Rhine; the last

major German offensive in the West and

the whirlwind played a

crucial role. The weather was bad during the first

days of the offensive

. Fog, snow, low clouds.

The Allied air force was grounded, and

yet when the weather cleared,

retaliation came. Thousands of Allied fighters and

bombers swarmed out, and the

Whirlwinds awaited them. Whirlwind units recorded their highest kill numbers during the

Adennen period between December 23, 1944

and January 10, 1945.

Over 420 confirmed kills. A single

whirlwind from the second Panzer Division

achieved 19 kills in 3 days. His

crew worked to the point of exhaustion.

Ammunition had to be constantly replenished

. The cannon barrels glowed red-hot, but

they kept firing. The psychological

effect should not be underestimated.

Allied pilots developed a

real fear of the whirlwind.

Post-war interviews revealed that

many pilots preferred to attack heavily armored

targets rather than columns of

flag tanks.

The success rate of low-level attacks

against German units

demonstrably decreased where Wirbelwinds

were present, from an average of 70%

successful attacks to only 40%.

But war production is also a

question of resources [snorting] and

Germany had none left.

Production of the Wirbelwind ended in

November 1944.

Only 87 vehicles were built.

not because the design

had failed, but because the Panzer 4

chassis was needed for other purposes

. Tank destroyers, assault guns,

vehicles that were supposed to hold the ground.

Priorities had shifted.

The last of the Wirbelwinds fought to the

bitter end on or in the streets of

Berlin. Some were blown up to prevent them from falling into

enemy hands.

Others surrendered when they

ran out of ammunition. The crew's survival rate

was surprisingly high. The

enclosed tower offered more protection than

open flag positions. Many men

survived the war.

The whirlwind did not disappear without a trace after 1945.

The Soviets captured several

copies and studied them intensively. The

concept of the flag tank with a

closed turret and Meerlings guns

directly influenced Soviet development. Decades later, the ZSU 572

unmistakably carried the

DNA of the whirlwind within it.

Its value was also recognized in the West.

American and British

post-war doctrines firmly integrated mobile anti-aircraft

defense into armored units.

The M42 Duster, the American

tank of the 1950s, followed exactly

the same concept: twin cannon, er,

closed turret, mobile platform.

The whirlwind had provided the blueprint

. The overall impact of the

whirlwind is remarkable. 87

vehicles, in use for less than a year

. and yet over 3200 confirmed

or probable kills of

Allied aircraft. A kill rate unmatched by any

other German flag system

. An average of

37 kills per vehicle, a lethal efficiency

born of desperation and technical

simplicity. The whirlwind reveals an

uncomfortable truth about

weapons development. Sometimes the

best solution is not the most technologically

advanced.

Sometimes the pragmatic

answer wins. An existing chassis.

Tried and tested cannons, a rotating turret.

None of it was revolutionary, but the

combination was deadly. The whirlwind

remains a paradox. Too few were built to

influence the war, too effective

to be ignored. A vehicle

that showed what would have been possible if

Germany had recognized earlier what it

needed. Had it had the resources

to mass-produce it, it would have

. The saddest word in

military history.

Today, only a few whirlwind sculptures remain

in museums. Silent witnesses to a

desperate time. Their cannons are

silent, but their lesson endures.

In every modern flagship tank, in every

mobile air defense system.

The primitive whirlwind taught the

world how to control the sky from the ground

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